Rat prostatic cytosol contains a high concentration of a prostatic binding protein with peculiar steroid-binding properties. Indeed, in spite of a relatively low affinity, charcoal adsorption can be used for its measurement. Furthermore, the binding is not specific for particular steroids and increases very strongly after delipidation. In delipidated cytosol the concentration of the binding site is 3.1 μ mol/g protein and the apparent affinity for pregnenolone 1.7 × 106 M−1. The high concentration of prostatic binding protein in prostatic fluid shows that this substance is secreted by the prostate.

Prostatic binding protein has the following physicochemical characteristics: it is precipitated by ammonium sulfate between 50 and 70% saturation; the elution position from a Sephadex G-100 column corresponds to a molecular weight of 51000; it sediments in sucrose density gradients at 3.7 S and is eluted from DEAE-cellulose columns at about 0.25 M KCl. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the binding activity coincides with the major cytosolic protein band. This band has the same mobility as serum albumin in 7% gels, but a higher mobility in more concentrated gels.


In December 2005, the Howard government passed the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005 (Cwlth), which ushered in major changes to the operation of Australian industrial relations. The Act came into force on 27 March 2006. Major features of the legislation were presented in the May 2006 issue of Ecodate (see Dabscheck, 2006). Possibly, the most significant change is the Commonwealth government taking over state industrial relations systems (Victoria had ceded such powers to the Commonwealth in 1996). Work Choices contains transition provisions for the movement of state workers to the federal system of three years, and of Commonwealth workers, who fall outside the jurisdiction of Work Choices, moving to the states within five years; in the absence of the states ceding power to the Commonwealth. More generally, movement will occur when the terms of existing agreements expire and/or workers enter into new agreements. It will probably take another three to four years before we will be able to assess the impact of Work Choices. Change, at the moment, is incremental.


The NATO Research and Technology Agency has set up the Modeling and Simulation Group (MSG) 058 with title "Conceptual Modeling for MS and it is key to the transformation of requirements to implemented simulations fit for their intended use. NMSG-058 is committed to clarify the process and results of "Conceptual Modeling", and to recommend best practice to generate, document, and use conceptual models. The group is studying the fundaments of conceptualization of existing and prospective realities; methodologies for generating, documenting, and sharing conceptualizations; correlation of conceptual modeling with simulation and software engineering processes; and relevant initiatives and technologies. The main deliverable is a guide on the conceptual modeling process and product, that will provide best practice instruction and serve the needs of relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, the group is committed to offering the results of its efforts as the basis for establishment of a SISO standard. Copyright © 2008, SISO, Inc.


This paper addresses the rule-based POS tagging method of Brill, and questions the importance of rule interactions to its performance. Adopting two assumptions that serve to exclude rule interactions during tagging and training, we arrive at some variants of Brill's approach that are instances of decision list models. These models allow for both rapid training on large data sets and rapid tagger execution, giving tagging accuracy that is comparable to, or better than the Brill method.


Objectives: To determine the frequency, the clinical and radiological features of lumbar spondylolisthesis in a rheumatological practice in Lomé. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the rheumatology department of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lomé between January 1997 and December 2019. Medical records of patients with symptomatic spondylolisthesis with radiographic confirmation were reviewed. The Meyerding classification system was used for grading. Results: Of the 350 patients contacted, 118 consented to participate in the study, making a response rate of 33.71%. Of the 118, 104 (88.1%) were females. 109 (92.4%) presented with radicular pain and 9 (7.6%) presented low back pain. The mean age of the patients was 54.24 ± 11.19 years. The average duration of the pain was 4.56 ± 1.32 years. The spondylolisthesis level most involved was the L4 L5 (92/118), followed by L5 S1 (23/118). 106 (89.8%) patients had anterolisthesis only, seven (5.9%) combination anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis. The spondylolisthesis was associated with spondylosis in 110 (93.2%) patients. Spondylosis was found at level L4 L5 in 38.98% patients, followed by L5 S1 (24.58%), L3 L4 (18.64%). Grade I slip was found in 108 (91.53%) patients and Grade II slips 10 (8.47%). Isthmic lysis was found in 40 (33.9%) patients and it was located at L4 in 30 (75.0%). Conclusion: Lumbar spondylolisthesis appears to be expected in Lomé patients with nonspecific back pain and mainly affects females. How to cite this paper: Tagbor, C.K., KoffiTessio, V.E.S., Houzou, P., Fianyo, E., Kakpovi, K., Amegan-Aho, K.H., Oniankitan, S., Atake, A.-E., Adjenou, V., Oniankitan, O. and Mijiyawa, M. (2022) Lumbar Spondylolisthesis in Rheumatological Practice in Lome (Togo): Frequency and Semiological Profile. Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases, 12, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojra.2022.121003 Received: October 17, 2021 Accepted: January 3, 2022 Published: January 6, 2022 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access


over their life cycles is the only way to reach their potential. Basic knowledge of how to do this is not the problem. Since the 1970s, federally funded and private-sector research programs, along with overseas advancements, have improved understanding of most aspects of building performance. The basic science behind high-performance buildings is well understood, and a few top firms in architecture, engineering, and construction have created high-performance buildings, including homes that come close to economic, environmental, and social sustainability. The problem is moving this knowledge from larger and higher-priced buildings and the building elite to the broader market of moderately priced new home construction and retrofits, where costs are paramount and knowledge of high-performance principles is less prevalent. Still, tough times are also innovative times, and when past ways of doing business were not working well, the nation and its people have traditionally looked for change. ToJ A M E S H . T U R N E R J R . E L L E N L A R S O N VAU G H A N


Molecular targeted anti-tumor drugs possess distinct effect of targeted anti-tumor, which have played important role on recent clinical therapy and displayed satisfactory propect. On the basis of molecular size, molecular targeted anti-tumor drugs can be divided into macromolecular monoclonal antibody and micromolecular compound. The recent advances on the two kinds of molecular targeted anti-tumor drugs were reviewed.


Concerns over process disruptions in sensitive load centres caused by short duration electrical disturbances have prompted the development of many power electronics based devices to enhance voltage quality. Effectively these devices can be grouped into two classes, namely custom power devices and power line conditioners. This paper presents the operational principles of four of these devices (solid state transfer switch, solid state fault current limiter, dynamic voltage restorer, and uninterruptible power supply) and examines their effectiveness in mitigating voltage dips and its associated phase-angle jumps through simulations. A comparison of these four devices is also presented to study the advantages and disadvantages of these devices under different situations.


In this paper, the authors explore the specific nature of material-based legitimation and examine how it differs from other forms of legitimation. Prior studies of institutional legitimacy have predominantly focused on the discursive and iconic aspects of legitimation, with much less focus placed on the role of materiality. To advance our argument, the authors introduce the notion of enactive legitimation. The authors suggest that legitimation is derived from and supported by the ongoing engagement and interaction with materials and material-based practices. To elaborate our argument, the authors study a case of the use of material signification to legitimize a new financial product within Islamic banking. The authors show that the legitimacy of the product is grounded in materials and the materiality of a number of ritualized practices. Materials and practices, however, also impose their own specific constraints on the process, and do so in ways that are more evident than when legitimation is based on signs and symbols (both language and images). The paper contributes to practice-based institutionalism by leveraging one of the central tenets of practice theory to extend the understanding of legitimation. It also illustrates what practice-based sensitivity may look like in action.


Background: Malnutrition is a health problem of huge magnitude among hospitalized patients. However, the role of malnutrition in the origin of diabetes complications is not understood well. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between malnutrition and diabetes complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of Palestinian type 2 diabetes patients (both genders, aged 30-80 years), patients receiving care at Al Shifa Medical Complex in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Patients' nutritional status was evaluated on the first day of admission using the nutritional risk screening tool (NRS 2002). Additional information regarding demographic-socioeconomic and medical history variables was obtained with an interview-based questionnaire. Results: Based on the nutritional screening scores, 31.5% of the patients had malnutrition, (55.2% females, and 44.8% males). The prevalence of low risk, at risk, and high risk of malnutrition was 68.5%, 22.1%, and 9.4% respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, patients with the low risk of malnutrition had a lower odds for (high blood pressure, eyes problems, kidney problems, heart problems, and extremities problems), (OR 0.063 CI 95% (.013-.305)), (OR 0.391 CI 95% (.225-.680)), (OR 0.431 CI 95% (.197-.942)), (OR 0.167 CI 95% (.050-.557)) and (OR 0.499 CI 95% (.281-.885)) respectively, (P value < 0.05 for all), compared with those in the high risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: The low risk of malnutrition are associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients. Malnutrition


Given the key role of large herbivores on species and functional plant diversity, we aimed at better understanding the relationship between herbivory and plant communities mainly at a fine-scale, in order to reconcile objectives of population management and plant conservation. For this purpose, we used both taxonomic and functional approaches, and studied interactions at the inter- and intra-specific levels. We combined information coming from three databases: (1) diet data from DNA-metabarcoding applied on chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) faeces from the Bauges Massif, (2) characteristics of plant communities (plant composition, biomass, phenology), (3) plant functional traits. Analyses of intra-specific variability of the three large herbivores allowed us to upscale the niche variation hypothesis (NVH) of Van Valen from the intra- to the inter-specific level, i.e. we observed a positive relationship between the species niche breadth and among-individual variation. Then, based on two chamois subpopulations living in pastures, one living in sympatry with the mouflon and the other living in allopatry, we revealed the absence of negative effects of the introduced mouflon population on native chamois population diet, both for the taxonomic and functional dietary niche. Analyses of diet selection criteria allowed us to highlight differences in choice criteria between chamois and mouflon in some seasons, which helped to explain the taxonomic and functional niche partitioning of the two species. Furthermore, the proposed scenario of the evolution of diet selection over the year for both species were consistent with ungulate-specific morpho-physiological features. Finally, contrary to the literature where no studies could discriminate the direct and indirect effects of functional traits on diet selection because of correlations, we used path analyses, which allowed us to show that in most cases, biomechanical traits had a direct effect on diet choices, whereas chemical traits had an indirect effect. Furthermore, from a methodological point of view, we advised to use nitrogen fecal indices only to study the evolution of species-specific and location-specific population long-term diet quality, but not to compare diet quality between species, nor to study slight fluctuations at the intra-seasonal level. The complementarity of the approaches allowed us to better account for the structuration of herbivore communities, which should help to better assess the actual state and the evolution of relationships among individuals, species and their environment.Key-words: ungulates, intra- and inter-specific interactions, taxonomic and functional approach, DNA metabarcoding, NIRS, Bauges Massif, diet selection


In this paper,aluminum widow(profile and glass panel included)with thermal break is analyzed by way of finite element analysis. This paper is started with main factors (glass panel,thermal break)influencing thermal performance of aluminum widow with thermal break, and influence from change in thickness of spacing in insulating glass unit,infill gas and thermal break size are expanded for analysis in how the above factors influence thermal performance of insulating glass unit.


A quantitative descriptive study by using secondary cross-sectional data from environmental health activity reports carried out by the Cipanas Community Health Center during 2022 describe the environmental health situation and conditions in Cipanas sub-district, Cianjur regency, West Java, Indonesia, are in good condition. There are 91% drinking water facilities that meet health requirements, 89.07 residents can access them sustainably, all residents in Cipanas District use healthy latrines, and all villages have community-based total sanitation. Around 78.87% of public places meet health requirements, and of 120 food processing places, only around 72.58% meet sanitation hygiene requirements, There are 86.43% classified as healthy houses, around 90.43% of houses in Cipanas sub-district have waste water drainage channels, 84.19% of all rubbish dumps are closed rubbish bins. Even though of the 5.07% of drinking water facilities inspected, around 88.58% had low-medium risk, and of the 0.28% of water samples taken, still around 29.58% met health requirements. Meanwhile, there are 3 environmental-based diseases that are mostly suffered by residents in Cipanas, namely ISPA/Pneumonia, Diarrhea and Skin Diseases. By using The Fisher Exact Test, it turns out that only the conditions of food processing places have a significant relationship with the incidence of environmental-based diseases (p = 0.0036). Meanwhile, there were other factors that are likely to influence the incidence of environmental-based diseases in Cipanas, including behavior that was not examined in this study. further studies need to be carried out regarding environmental health, especially clean and healthy living behavior so that it can become useful input for planning and implementing health programs in Cipanas sub-district


If history is essential to nationalism as has been frequently said, so too is the claim to a national culture frequently curated from this history. The problem arises when selections have to be…


There's a common purpose of the question-and-answer speech between doctors and patients.When there's a speech between a doctor and a patient,the doctor may utilize some question-and-answer strategies to achieve his own communicative purpose,to make the relationship between doctors and patients more harmonious and to set a standard image of a professional doctor.


Heavy metals contamination in the environment is a major global concern, Heavy metals are released into the environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. This problem provoked the emergence of phytoremediation technologies for cleaning aquatic environment. Algae act as biological filters, bio-indicators by accumulating heavy metals like Hg, CO, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn from the surrounding environments. This study aimed the importance of algae in accumulation of heavy metals, involved mechanism and suggested remedial measures for the preservation and restoration of the aquatic ecosystem including both fresh and marine ecosystem. The different algal species have the ability to accumulate specific heavy metals in huge amount. The algae maintain an equilibrated relation with heavy metal ions which are present in the surrounding. Algae, fungi and some eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, produce peptides which are capable to bind heavy metals. This technology is gaining huge public acceptance due to the microbial activity and its insitu applicability which results in non-toxic end products.


The 3′- and 5′-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of thymidine and deoxyadenosine have characteristically different mass spectra and can be separated by gas chromatography.


A developing method is given which based on object-oriented modeling techniques for management information systems.The modeling techniques,especially,from CDM to PDM conversion,make it possible that the method can be used for developing such management information systems which based on relational database.The result shows that it can raise the efficency of the system developing,improve the system tability,enhance the system maintenability.


We study how local equilibrium, and linear response predictions of transport coefficients are violated as systems move far from equilibrium. This is done by studying heat flow in classical lattice models with and without bulk transport behavior, in 1--3 dimensions. We see that linear response and local equilibrium assumptions break down at the same rate. The equation of state is also found to develop non-local corrections in the steady state. We quantify the breakdown through the analysis of both microscopic and macroscopic observables, which are found to display non-trivial size dependence.


A retrospective descriptive study was designed to evaluate the factors related to ruptured appendicitis. The medical records of 284 patients who underwent appendectomy between August 2009 and July 2010 were examined. It was found that there were 142 cases of acute appendicitis and 142 cases of ruptured appendicitis SPSS 13 software was used. Several factors were found to be statistically significant (p value < 0.05) in relation to ruptured appendicitis as follows: age 41-60 years old ; temperature ≥ 37.50 C (OR 1.947, 95% CI 1.209-3.134); WBC ≥ 16,000 cell/mm3 (OR 1.735, 95% CI 1.079-2.790); neutrophil ≥75 % (OR 2.983, 95% CI 1.552-5.734); RBC in urine ≥ 5 (OR 2.449, 95% CI 1.375-4.362); WBC in urine ≥ 10 (OR 1.883, 95% CI 1.010-3.512) and operative time for appendectomy. It was also revealed that pre-admission duration of pain, interval of time from admission to surgery, duration of pain prior to surgery, length of stay in hospital and patient's hospital expenses were not significant factors related to ruptured appendicitis. Keywords: ruptured appendicitis, relating factors


Researchers have long been interested in the nature of the relationships that elicit superior firm performance. In organizations that manufacture a product, this interest has often centered on the relationships that exist between business-level strategy and the supporting elements of the organization's manufacturing strategies (Buffa, 1984; Hayes & Wheelwright, 1984; Hill, 1985). An aspect of this relationship that has been studied concerns the presence of consensus between SBU-level and manufacturing-level decision makers. This research examines the causal nature of direct and indirect influences that have been argued in the literature to affect manufacturing performance. Our results indicate that consensus on the firm's business-level strategy does not directly influence manufacturing performance, but does so through its influences on other variables. Consensus with respect to manufacturing specific tasks that support the firm's business-level strategy was shown to be important. Additional findings in our research concern the relationship of traditional product-process alignment and levels of manufacturing performance. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION Managerial Consensus: Strategic and Manufacturing Task Consensus A major theme of the literature in strategic management and operations strategy is that consensus on the general strategic direction of the firm and on manufacturing task emphasis must exist between business-level strategic planners and functional-level manufacturing managers for effective business unit performance to occur. It is the responsibility of the manufacturing manager to develop a manufacturing strategy that supports the overall business-unit strategy (Schroeder et al., 1986). Operations scholars have warned that a manufacturing business unit will have a decreased competitive advantage within its industry if it fails to develop a coordinated and supportive operations strategy (Buffa, 1984; Hayes and Wheelwright, 1984; Hill, 1985). A good deal of research has examined the notion of consensus as it relates to the management process (Bourgeois, 1980; Dess, 1987; Schweiger and Sandberg, 1988; Wooldridge and Floyd, 1989; West and Schwenk, 1996; Homburg et al., 1999). As pointed out by Floyd and Wooldridge (1992), senior managers often complain that middle- and operating-level managers fail to take the correct actions to implement strategy. These implementation problems are deemed to be the result of middle-level and operating managers' lack of understanding of and/or commitment to the chosen strategy. Guth and MacMillan (1986) found that middle-level managers will not only redirect a strategy and delay its implementation, but will also sabotage the strategy if they feel their self-interest is being compromised. Other research has examined the relationship of consensus to performance. Wooldridge and Floyd (1990) found that the involvement of middle-level managers in the formation of business-level strategy was associated with improved organizational performance. St. John et al., (1991) examined the relationships among various coordinating mechanisms, the degree of consensus between marketing and manufacturing groups, and marketplace performance reputation. They found firms using planning techniques experienced higher levels of interdepartmental consensus and this was related strongly to marketplace performance reputation. The notion that manufacturing managers should develop a manufacturing strategy that supports the business-level strategy is consistent with the strategic management paradigm. A specific business-level strategy is formulated for the strategic business unit (SBU) in order to create a competitive advantage, and manufacturing managers are expected to translate this strategy into appropriate manufacturing performance goals, processes, and systems. An issue of concern during this process is the extent to which consensus is developed between managers at the SBU level and managers at the manufacturing level with respect to the overall competitive strategy chosen for the business unit. …


understanding environmental pollution a primer is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the understanding environmental pollution a primer is universally compatible with any devices to read.


3-Alkoxy-2-phenylethylisoindolinones are conveniently prepared by reacting the corresponding hydroxylactams with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) in the presence of a range of alcohols. The DASTmediated reaction did not result in any reactant fluorination but smooth installation of the alkoxy group derived from the reactant alcohol on the benzylic position of the heterocycle. The central starting hydroxylactam substrate was prepared from the corresponding chiral phthalimide, 2-((S)-1-phenylethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, by selective reduction using either aluminum amalgam or sodium borohydride. The resultant diasteriomeric mixture of hydroxylactams were used in the DAST alkoxylation reaction and were compared with a more conventional method of alkoxylation using the protic acid camphorsulfonic acid.


Rho‐kinase (ROCK) play central roles in cell contractility by stimulating the phosphorylation of MLC. We hypothesized that vascular cells utilize physiological fluctuations in their mechanical environment due to blood pressure variations to maintain proper contractility through ROCK in an ATP dependent manner. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were isolated from bovine aortae. Cells were seeded on elastic membranes, starved for 24 h and stretched equibiaxially at 10% change in area for 4 h without (monotonous stretch: MS) or with adding 25% (VS) physiological cycle‐by‐cycle variability to stretch amplitude. Unstretched (US) cells were controls. The fluorescent probe TMRM was used to visualize mitochondrial (mt) membrane potential (mMP) a surrogate of ATP production. Y27632 was used to inhibit ROCK and oligomycin to block mitochondrial ATP production. Cell ATP levels were measured by the luciferase assay. Western blot was used to detect phosphoMLC (phMLC). Compared to VS, mMP was reduced during both MS (66%) and US (91%). Oligomycin did not change mMP during MS, but reduced during VS (27%) and US (13%) (p<0.01). Y27632 elevated mMP during MS to the level of VS without affecting it during VS or US. ATP was the highest during US (50%) and lowest with MS (25%) compared to VS (p<0.001). The phMLC level was the highest during VS and was reduced during MS (50%) and US (40%), whereas mt ATP inhibition reduced phMLC to the same low level in all conditions (p<0.001). Thus, contractility of VSMCs was stretch and mt ATP dependent but ROCK only affected ATP during MS. We conclude that changes in stretch pattern in hypertension could be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases through ROCK and the mitochondria.


The electronic structure and vibrational properties of a Cs2Te4O12 crystal (space group Rm, Z = 1) are characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy and DFT and lattice-dynamical model calculations.


This article investigates a full-duplex base station using a generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) transceiver with the radio frequency (RF) impairments including phase noise, carrier frequency offset (CFO) and in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalance. To fully focus on the RF impairment issue, we study the simple configuration of single uplink user and single downlink user. They both are half-duplex wireless. In the uplink, we study analog and digital self-interference (SI) cancellation and propose a complementary SI suppression method. Desired signal and residual SI powers and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) are derived in closed form. Similarly, in the downlink, we derive desired signal power, co-channel interference signal power caused by the uplink user and SIR. The RF impairments degrade the efficiency of SI cancellation and affect GFDM more negatively than full-duplex orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Hence, we propose full-duplex GFDM receiver filters for maximizing the SIR for both uplink and downlink transmissions. Finally, the uplink and downlink rates and the uplink-downlink rate region are derived. Significantly, the optimal-filter based GFDM outperforms full-duplex OFDM by 25 dB higher SIR and an uplink rate increase of 500%.


In the recent years, a number of emerging issues are posing serious challenges to the micro small and medium sized enterprises (MSME's) in India. Hence, these enterprises enter the new era, faced with dramatic challenges such as constraints in establishing new enterprises, globalization, financial constraints, indeterminate turnover, low motivation among employees, lack of human capital building etc., Hence  understanding the problems and challenges are fundamental solutions to expand and strategize SME's towards their future growth. This article examines the background and challenges faced by SMEs which play a vital role in the nation's economic growth. The uniqueness of this paper is the emphasis on the human resource development perspective which is important for the progress SMEs and their competitiveness.  This article maps out how future research can be crucial to SME's to actually develop their own human resource development for future development.


This paper describes the present condition and future prospects of parking guidance systems (PGS), which are being spread in Japan as a means of alleviating illegal on-street parking. The supply and demand of parking facilities in city centers are becoming unbalanced rapidly. Among the possible causes are the short supply of parking facilities themselves and the tight supply of them due to the concentration of users in certain facilities. To secure smooth traffic and resolve illegal parking, two measures must be taken. First, parking facilities must be built up. Second, the infrastructure for providing parking facilities information must be built up also, as a mechanism intended to prevent the unbalanced use of parking facilities. The PGS is running in nearly 40 cities in cooperation with the Ministry of Construction, local governments, and other public sector authorities, along with parking facilities operators, Chambers of Commerce and Industry, shopping centers, and other private enterprises. These systems are so designed that the center collects real-time vacancy information from parking facilities; its center computer calculates the utilization status of parking facilities on levels of blocks, zones, and parking facilities; and information is supplied to drivers on a real-time basis through guidance displays installed systematically on roads. Conventional practice consisted mainly of guidance about parking facilities through displays mounted on roads. In the future, with vehicles to become intelligent and roads to become even more intelligent, parking facilities information should link organically with road information to provide more advanced and effective information. The PGS is, therefore, projected to become more intelligent and better-networked with other systems.


A smart car system which takes laeser seneors to obtain lane information was proposed.The hardware includes the circuit of MCU system,mainboard,motor driving,sensors module and speed measuring.The system uses MC9S08AC16 as the core,low-cost infrared sensor to detect speed and bipolar circuit driving the motor,lasers of 14 emissions and 7 receipts detect the track,motor drive with "H" type bipolar drive circuit.The method of enumeration and table look-up to control steering gear is applied,and this arithmetic is suitable for 8 bit MCU.Bang-bang and P controlalgorithm are taken to control speed.


Poly(macrolactones) (PMLs) can be considered as biodegradable alternatives of polyethylene; however, controlling the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrolactone (ML) monomers remains a challenge due to their low ring strain. To overcome this problem, phosphazene (t-BuP4), a strong superbase, has to be used as catalyst. Unfortunately, the one-pot sequential block copolymerization of MLs with small lactones (SLs) is impossible since the high basicity of t-BuP4 promotes both intra- and intermolecular transesterification reactions, thus leading to random copolymers. By using ROP and the "catalyst-switch" strategy [benzyl alcohol, t-BuP4/neutralization with diphenyl phosphate/(t-BuP2)], we were able to synthesize different well-defined PML-b-PSL block copolymers (MLs: dodecalactone, ω-pentadecalactone, and ω-hexadecalactone; SLs: δ-valerolactone and e-caprolactone). The thermal properties and the phase behavior of these block copolymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffract...


Pressure calibration for solid medium vessel under high pressure and high temperature is an important step before apparatus is employed,because precise pressure calibration directly determines the preciseness of measurement of experimental pressure.Sound and effective methods are premises of pressure calibration.Pressure calibration includes confining pressure calibration and axial load calibration.The best way of axial load calibration is to estimate axial friction by multi-cycle of piston-in and piston-out.There are two key points during the test:(1)ensuring the hit-point of piston and sample:The hit-point is determined by an intersection of two beelines,one is the linear fit to the part of load-displacement curve of piston contacting with soft metal,the other is the linear fit to the part of load-displacement curve of sample's elastic deformation;(2)confirming dynamic friction:The dynamic friction which is dependent with displacement is established by the linear fit to the part of load-displacement curve of piston contacting with soft metal.Then,the final axial calibration includes cutting the load-displacement curve before hit-point,and correcting the load-displacement with dynamic friction.The best method for calibrating confining pressure is mineral phase transition,such as quartz-coesite,albite-jadeite + quartz,fayalite + quartz-ferrosilite and farringtonite-Mg3(PO4)2-Ⅱ,because those phase transitions are more stable and the transition equations are widely used in previous calibrating confining pressure.It is proposed that quartz-coesite and albite-jadeite + quartz be used as pressure standards for the piston-cylinder apparatus in the pressure-temperature range of 2.5~3.2GPa,500~1 200℃ and 1.6~3.2GPa,600~1 200℃.Tests were performed for calibrating the axial friction using 2GPa confining pressure vessel.The sample is gabbro.Two experiments have been performed:(1)a number of cycle-experiments with different piston-rate under 500MPa and 820℃,1 000MPa and 900℃,1 000MPa and 25℃;(2)under 500MPa and 1 000℃,firstly cycle-experiments were conducted,and then piston rate reduced from 2×10-4mm/s to 5×10-5mm/s after rock sample's plastic deformation,and the rate dependence of creep observed.The result of the experiment shows that the factors which affect the dynamic friction are confining pressure,temperature and piston rate.Confining pressure is the main factor,dynamic friction increases with the increase of confining pressure.Temperature and piston rate only influence on intercept.Hence,axial calibration should be conducted under specific experimental condition.Finally,axial calibration of an experimental load-displacement curve was conducted.


When a neutral particle beam(NPB) aimed at the object and receive a small number of neutron signals at the detector, it follows approximately Poisson distribution. Under the four assumptions in the presence of errors and uncertainties for the Poisson parameters, an exact probability distribution of neutral particles have been derived. The probability distribution for the neutron signals received by a detector averaged over the three sources of errors is expressed as a four-dimensional integral of certain data. Two of the four integrals can be evaluated analytically and thereby the integral is reduced to a two-dimensional integral. The monotone likelihood ratio(MLR) property of the distribution is proved by using the Cauchy mean value theorem for the univariate distribution and multivariate distribution. Its MLR property can be used to find a criteria for the hypothesis testing problem related to the distribution.


St Aloysius' Roman Catholic Church in Hillkirk Street is the oldest surviving place of worship in Springburn. Designed by J R Bruce and erected in 1881-82, it incorporated the east end of an earlier chapel of 1856.


Managerial power hypothesis has explained the relation between CEO Power and executives' compensation (or the employees' compensation) from the aspect of private benefits. But there were no studies that examined CEO power and workers' pay in China. Analyzing a sample of A share listed state-owned enterprises from 2007 to 2010, we examine the relation between CEO power and employees' compensation in Chinese state-owned enterprises and the reason of this relation. We find that powerful CEOs pay workers less in state-owned enterprises, and one of the explanations is that CEOs with more power prefer to recruit more employees which lead to excess employment and less average workers' pay. Additional tests indicate that the power of workers, staff supervisors, management ownership, and outside restriction do not mitigate such behavior but inflate it instead. Our study helps explain the different relation between CEO power and employees' compensation in China from the aspect of excess employment, which may contribute to the managerial power hypothesis.


Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemic condition. Previous study was suggested that Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) extract had the antidiabetic effect on diabetic rats. The active compound was identified as 4-hydroxyderricin. This research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and inhibition potency on α-glucosidase enzymes of ethanol extract of ashoitaba and their fractions. Ashitaba (A. keiskei) herbs were collected from the local farmers and extracted by maceration. Fractination was performed by vaccum liquid chromatography using various solvents, while its mobile phase was hexane-chloroform (6: 4; 5: 5), hexane-ethyl acetate (9.5: 0.5; 9: 1; 8: 2), and ethanol. The result showed that the extract, non polar, semi polar and polar fractions had an inhibition activity on α-glucosidase enzyme with IC50 values of 28.63, 18.45, 42.75 and 64.74 μg/mL, respectively. Based on the kinetics study, the activity of the samples showed a mixed type of inhibition. The antioxidant activity of extract was equal with vitamin E in which IC50 values in sequence were 19.38 ± 0.99 and 19.54 ± 0.46 μg/mL. Meanwhile, IC50 values of non polar, semi polar and polar fractions were 256.01 ± 3.79, 41.93 ± 0.43, and 116.7 ± 3.45 μg/mL, respectively. The semipolar fraction of Ashitaba was found with the strongest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions.


Big Data and Deep Learning started out as separate fields of research in computer science. However, as the amount of data that has to be handled by the deep learning algorithms started to grow with time and the improvements of technology, deep learning algorithms had to start adapting and using big data approaches. On the other hand, as the analysis that is done by big data systems became more complex due to the abundance of data and increasing demands of users as the time progressed, big data systems had to start using deep learning algorithms for data manipulation. Thus, now we are at a juncture where big data and deep learning are being merged to create more powerful, robust, and efficient systems. The objective of this survey is to compare, contrast, and analyze few of such systems and implementations.


We give a proof of the Holder continuity of weak solutions of certain de- generate doubly nonlinear parabolic equations in measure spaces. We only assume the measure to be a doubling non-trivial Borel measure which supports a Poincar e inequality. The proof discriminates between large scales, for which a Harnack in- equality is used, and small scales, that require intrinsic scaling methods.


Ever since the 17th century, European thinkers have valued 'rationality' at the expense of 'reasonableness': the current crisis about postmodernity is one by-product of that obsession. Yet, from garden design and literature to electrical theory and development economics, it can be helpful to restore the balance between these two aspects of Human Reason. In this way, we can recapture the practical wisdom of Aristotle, and recognize the importance of clinical understanding as contrasted with theoretical explanation.


The notions of P-I-open (closed) mappings, P-I-continuous mappings, P-I-neighborhoods, P-I-irresolute mappings and I-irresolute mappings are introduced. Relations between P-I-open (closed) mappings and I-open (closed) mappings are given. Characterizations of P-I-open (closed) mappings are provided. Relations between a P-I-continuous mapping and an I-continuous mapping are discussed, and characterizations of a P-I-continuous mapping are considered. Conditions for a mapping to be an I-irresolute mapping (resp. P-I-irresolute mapping) are provided.


Plants interact with a wide assortment of microbial organisms – taking the role of pathogens, mutualists, and commensals. Our knowledge of plant-associated microorganisms has traditionally been based on macroscopic and microscopic structures. In recent decades, the use of both DNA and RNA sequence data derived directly from the environment has been used to study both the taxonomic and functional diversity of host-associated microorganisms. More recently, an explosion of data derived from a shift in nucleotide sequencing technologies has revealed an astonishing diversity of microorganisms (Hibbett & Taylor, 2013). To elucidate taxonomic and functional microbial diversity, researchers employ distinct but not mutually exclusive techniques when using molecular data – Sequence-based Classification (SBC) and Sequence-based Identification (SBI). Those who utilize SBC are predominantly concerned with the discovery and categorization of microbial organisms on the basis of phylogenetic relationships. Researchers who engage in SBI utilize databases as references, often using similarity-based (as opposed to phylogeny-based) approaches, to taxonomically and/ or functionally identify the composition of microbial communities. Together, SBC and SBI encompass a range of activities using sequence data – predominantly from nucleic acids – to identify, describe, and functionally characterize microorganisms from the plant-based environment. Marker-based and metagenomic studies, in particular, have sequenced nucleotides from thousands to millions of unidentified species and underscore the need for resources developed for taxonomic and functional characterization of microbial diversity (Hibbett et al., 2011). Perhaps most importantly, new analysis techniques and resources need to integrate with existing taxonomic and systematic knowledge that is based traditionally on cultures and type-material (Lindahl et al., 2013). There is a dire need to develop unified community-based resources and analysis standards for the integration of SBC and SBI of fungi and other microorganisms. To address the challenges and best practices for SBC and SBI, a group of mycologists met after the annual meeting of the Mycological Society of America (see Kennedy & Stajich, 2014, in this issue of New Phytologist, pp. 23–26) for a 2-d workshop supported by the US National Science Foundation. The key aims were: (1) to identify the potential benefits and challenges of merging SBC and SBI; (2) to assess the current strengths and limitations of resources for SBC and SBI; and (3), to consider changes in nomenclatural practices that could promote the integration of traditional specimen-based identification and classification with sequence based methods. The workshop specifically focused on the use of both SBC and SBI for fungi and organisms traditionally studied by mycologists – oomycetes, slime molds, etc. – but an overarching theme could be translated to all microorganisms – including bacteria, archaea, and metazoans – and the desire to characterize microbial interactions with plants, additionally, the issues presented here apply equally to all environmental sequences (e.g. animal and human microbiomes, soil fungi, microbes of the built environment, etc.).


In 1937, P. Dirac proposed the Large Number Hypothesis and the Hypothesis of the variable gravitational "constant," and later added the notion of continuous creation of Matter in the World. The Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) follows these ideas, albeit introducing a different mechanism of Matter creation. In this paper we show that Gravitational parameter G that can be measured directly makes measurable all Cosmological parameters, which cannot be measured directly.


The fields of contact of different branches of science are often interesting and illuminating, and this is certainly true of obstetric neurology. Although the conditions discussed are rare, they are of considerable interest, and may present difficult problems in diagnosis and treatment. The relative infrequency of these complications is shown by an analysis of 23,000 obstetric cases in Edinburgh by Russell (1), which included twenty-nine cases of chorea, nine cerebral vascular accidents, and four subjects with polyneuritis.


Purpose – This paper aims to explore the parameters of Bulgarian cigarette advertising in the Cold War period. It contrasts the evolution of cigarette marketing in Bulgaria and the USA in the context of contrasting communist and capitalist notions of the "good life" versus the "common good". Design/methodology/approach – The paper is informed by a growing literature on advertising under communism, but also new work on consumption in the Soviet Union and Cold War Eastern Europe. It draws upon archival and printed Bulgarian, and some American, sources, and the memoir of a key player in the Bulgarian tobacco industry. Findings – The paper concludes that marketing of cigarettes in communist Bulgaria gained momentum in the same period that cigarette advertising in the USA was severely curtailed. In Bulgaria, the notion that cigarettes were key to the promised "good life" and "building socialism", out-weighed any notion of harm to the "common good". Originality/value – This study casts doubt on the common notio...


Starlink is a long-term project to address disparities in rural broadband Internet access that is led by SpaceX and Elon Musk. The project's goal is to launch thousands of smallsat-class satellites into low Earth orbit (LEO) as part of a mega-constellation to provide continuous, high-speed Internet around the world. SpaceX believes that its technology can outperform the competition by using shallow orbits. When compared to traditional geosynchronous satellite Internet infrastructure, Starlink promises lower latency and higher-quality connections to its customers (Walker & Elliott, 2021). This study aims to investigate the public perception of the Starlink Satellite project in Thailand. A quantitative approach was used and an online questionnaire was conducted to collect data from a convenience sample of 1,258 participants in Thailand. Binary regression analysis was performed to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the public perception of the Starlink Satellite project in Thailand could be described by gender, age, computer, laptop, tablet, wearable device, Internet duration, mobile Internet, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube. Consequently, Starlink should devise an effective strategy to entice users to increase their awareness and use satellite Internet in countries where fibre Internet is more affordable and convenient.


Enterococci are gram-positive bacteria and the source of recurrent nosocomial infections with high levels of antibiotic resistance (1), of which we can name resistance to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, monobactams, penicillinase resistance penicillins, and most importantly, vancomycin (2). Between 85% to 90% of the enterococci infections are caused by Enterococcus faecium (2), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin is an antibiotic, which can be useful for treating enterococcal infections (1). M phenotype refers to a resistance mechanism to macrolides (such as erythromycin) and includes activedrug efflux pumps that are encoded by mef genes (3,4). For the first time, bacterial antibiotic efflux was reported in 1970 (3). The presence of mef genes have been reported in previous studies (6). In the current study, we reported mefE gene in E. faecium ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 51559. Acinetobacter baumannii is a gramnegative bacterium that has turned into a great concern in the health care centers especially in intensive care units (4). The name Acinetobacter is originated from akinetos, a Greek word meaning non-motile (4). A. baumannii is a member of "ESKAPE" (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) group which consist of multi-drug resistant organisms (4). It is one of the important causes of nosocomial infections (5). Among these multi-drug resistance traits, chromosomal AmpC, a non-inducible cephalosporinase, was already reported in A. baumannii genome (4). In this study, we reported AmpC resistance gene in A. baumannii ATCC 19606. The mentioned ATCC bacteria, which were isolated from clinical samples for the first time (6,7), were bought commercially. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines were followed for the determination of resistance phenotypes (8). Suspensions of both A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and E. faecium ATCC 51559 were prepared with an opacity equivalent to 0.5 McFarland solution, and subsequently cultured on separate Mueller-Hinton agar plates. An ampicillin (10 μg) disc was used to check the phenotypic resistance in A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and an erythromycin (15 μg) disc for E. faecium ATCC 51559. The plates were then incubated for 24 hours at 35 ̊C. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was used for the quality control of both discs. Both A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and E. faecium ATCC 51559 exhibited resistance to the above-mentioned antibiotic discs as shown in Figure 1. In the next step, DNA was extracted using boiling method (9); a loopful of each bacterium was suspended in 1 mL of distilled water and boiled for 15 minutes. Then each microtube was centrifuged at 15 000 g for 10 minutes. The DNA containing supernatants were used for PCR. The primers F: 5'-CAATATGGGCAGGGCAAG-3' and R: 5'-AAGCTGTTCCAATGCTACGG-3' were utilized for MefE gene detection (10), and the primers F: 5'TAAACACCACATATGTTCCG-3' and R: 5'ACTTACTTCAACTCGCGACG-3' for the AmpC gene detection (11). Both PCRs were carried out using 10 μL of the Master Mix Red (Amplicon, Denmark), 0.5 μL of each primer, and 3 μL of the respective DNA templates, and then brought to a total volume of 25 μL by adding deionized distilled water. Reaction cycles for MefE gene included an initial 7-minute denaturation at 95 ̊C, followed by 44 cycles of: denaturation at 95 ̊C Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection


Based on deepening the knowledge of the cavity surrounding rock and its structure and miniaturizing the equipments of GIS, we arranged the main transformers and GIS step up substation in underground cavity in the stage of bidding design of the WRPPUHS. The design made a breakthrough over the standard and convention for the less thickness of surrounding rock, particularly the cover on the cavities. The all round analysis result shows that the arrangement is reasonable, economic and feasible.


Inductors are cornerstone components in power electronics converters. Since winding loss is the dominant loss mechanism in these components, its accurate measurement is fundamental for the validation of the inductor's operation and design. The techniques for the winding resistance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurement in power inductors can be classified into two groups, indirect and direct. Both techniques use coupled inductors to separate winding and core power losses. If coupled inductors with non-zero winding mutual resistances <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w,m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are used, invalid results are obtained with these techniques. Understanding the meaning of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w,m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in coupled inductors is complex. In this paper, the impact of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w,m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on the inductor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurement techniques is demonstrated and practical guidelines for the design of the zero <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w,m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> coupled inductors are given. Particularly, the location of the auxiliary winding for the direct technique is investigated. In order to compare the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurement techniques and to validate the coupled inductor's <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w,m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> impact, two different inductors are built and tested. The results are compared with the values for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> calculated by FEA simulation. It is found that only the direct technique with an auxiliary winding carefully designed and located following the guidelines given in this paper makes the accurate measurement of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in power inductors possible.


The present invention relates to a comprising a JNK inhibitor and a cyclosporin, in particular for the treatment of neuron disease, autoimmune diseases composition itself, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.


In this note, optimal hardware architectures for the orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelet transforms are presented. The approach used here is not the standard lifting method, but takes advantage of the symmetries inherent in the coefficients of the transforms and the decimation/interpolation operators. The design is based on a highly optimized datapath, which seamlessly integrates both orthogonal and biorthogonal transforms, data extension at the edges and the forward and inverse transforms. The datapath design could be further optimized for speed or low power. The datapath is controlled by a small fast control unit which is hard programmed according to the wavelet or wavelets required by the application. Example circuits are given, including one for the Daubechies 9-7 wavelet which requires only 2.5 multipliers for each input data value, when the equivalent for lifting is 3.


Such cyclic monoethers as rose oxide and linalool oxide are known to possess floral note, but to our knowledge, organoleptic properties of cyclic diethers are unknown. In the course of our work on acid-catalyzed aldol- condensation of alkyl cyclohexanones with formaldehyde, two ethyl esters of 6-oxohexanoic acids having 1, 3-dioxane moiety, i. e., ethyl 5- (4- oxobutyl) -1, 3- dioxane-5- carboxylate (4) and ethyl 4- (5-formyl-1, 3-dioxan-5-yl) butyrate (5), and their derivatives were prepared to know their odor.These ethyl esters 4 and 5 were synthesized by oxidation with lead tetraacetate of 2, 4-dioxaspiro [5.5] undecan- 7- one The first oxidation was carried out in acetic acid to give acetoxy ketone 1. Hydrolysis of 1 gave a tautomeric mixture of a-hydroxy ketones (2 and 3) which could not be separated by GLC or elution chromatography. The hydrolyzed products (2 and 3) were subjected to the second oxidation in benzene-ethanol to afford a mixture of the ethyl esters 4 and 5 by cleavage of the cyclohexane ring with relative ratio of 1 : 24.The ethyl esters (4 and 5) were changed to acetals 7 and 8. The ethyl ester 5 was convered to 4- (5-formyl-1, 3-dioxan-5-yl) butyric acid 6, ethyl 4- (5 - hydroxymethyl-1, 3-dioxan-5-yl) butyrate 9 (50.6 % yield), and ethyl 4- [5- (1-hydroxyethyl) -1, 3-dioxan-5-yl] butyrate 10 (52.5 % yield) by treating with alkali, with lithium aluminum hydride, and with methylmagnesium iodide, respectively.In addition, the ethyl ester 5 was heated with 2- (6, 6-dimethyl-2-norpinen-2-yl) ethyl alcohol (nopol) in the presence of sodium to afford nopyl esters of 4- (5- formyl-1, 3-dioxan- 5- yl) butyric acid 11, 4- (1, 3-dioxan-5-yl) butyric acid 12, and 2, 4-dioxaspiro [5. 4] dec-7-ene-8-carboxylic acid 13 in 18 %, 5 % and 6 % yield. The compound 12 is a decarboxylated product. The reaction of 5 with sodium gave ethyl esters 14 and 15, and 5 was gradually changed to 14 on standing at room temperature.


Purpose

This paper aims to assess whether governance processes that are taking place in the Chinchina River basin, a coffee culture region in the Andean region of Colombia, are adaptive to climate variability and climate extremes.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed research method was used by reviewing secondary research sources surrounding the institutional governance system of water governance and disaster response and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with producers and members of organizations within the institutional governance system.

Findings

This study found that there is a low response to extreme events. Hopefully, the growing national awareness and activity in relation to climate change and disaster will improve response and be downscaled into these communities in the future. Although, some learning has occurred at the national government level and by agricultural producers who are adapting practices, to date no government institution has facilitated social learning taking into account conflict, power and tactics of domination.

Originality/value

This paper improves the understanding of the vulnerability of rural agricultural communities to shifts in climate variability. It also points out the importance of governance institutions in enhancing agricultural producer adaptive capacity.


Charge doping is an effective way to induce metal-insulate transition (MIT) in correlated materials for many important utilizations, which is however practically limited by problem of low stability. In this study, we have demonstrated a novel electron-proton co-doping mechanism to achieve pronounced phase modulation of monoclinic vanadium dioxide (VO2) at room temperature. Using L-ascorbic acid (AA) solution to treat VO2, the ionized AA- species donate electrons to the adsorbed VO2 surface. Charges then electrostatically attract surrounding protons to penetrate, and eventually results in stable hydrogen-doped metallic VO2. The variations of electronic structures, especially the electron occupancy of V-3d/O-2p hybrid orbitals, were examined by synchrotron characterizations and first-principle theoretical simulations. Importantly, the adsorbed molecules protect hydrogen dopants from escaping out of lattice and thereby stabilize the metallic phase for VO2. Such an electron-proton co-doping mechanism driven by suitable molecules absorption would open a new door for engineering correlated oxide materials.


Cadence analysis has been the main focus for discriminating between the seismic signatures of people and animals. However, cadence analysis fails when multiple targets are generating the signatures. We analyze the mechanism of human walking and the signature generated by a human walker, and compare it with the signature generated by a quadruped. We develop Fourier-based analysis to differentiate the human signatures from the animal signatures. We extract a set of basis vectors to represent the human and animal signatures using non-negative matrix factorization, and use them to separate and classify both the targets. Grazing animals such as deer, cows, etc., often produce sporadic signals as they move around from patch to patch of grass and one must characterize them so as to differentiate their signatures from signatures generated by a horse steadily walking along a path. These differences in the signatures are used in developing a robust algorithm to distinguish the signatures of animals from humans. The algorithm is tested on real data collected in a remote area.


A book on customary law, many modern lawyers might say, can have no relevance for them. And neither, many modern thinkers would echo, could it be of much interest. On many influential modern accounts, reliance on customary practices is a mark of inadequacy: acceptance of customs should be minimal and provisional since an unreflective attachment to customary ways of thinking is inimical both to practical thought and to political harmony. Modern societies and their legal systems depend not on enslavement to customary habits and laws but on reasoned principles and doctrines; customary laws grow up only where legislators have done a particularly poor job, leaving a need for elaborate statutory construction and legislative gap-filling. The more coherent and consistent a legal system, the less the need for such customary rules and practices: an interest in customary law reflects at worst what Jeremy Bentham called the 'sinister' interests of self-interested reactionaries, and at best the eccentric tastes of scholars, antiquarians and those purporting to be international lawyers who work in what, on such accounts, is really a lawless international world. This brief chapter introduces the diverse views of customary law offered in this collection of essays, showing how, despite this diversity, the thirteen contributors are united in arguing that such rejections of the relevance of customary law are wrong.


nevus syndromes (ENSs). ENS is defined as epidermal nevus with multisystem involvement such as central nervous system, skeleton, and in some cases, the gastrointestinal tract.1,2 Presence of keratinocytic nevus and nevus spilus among with other abnormalities has been reported in some epidermal nevus syndromes.1-3 Here a case of 5-year-old girl with keratinocytic epidermal nevus, nevus spilus and hemi-hypertrohpy which is not consistent with any of the reported ENSs, showing a rare coexistence, is presented.


A recorded word repeated over and over is heard to undergo a series of illusory changes (verbal transformations) to other syllables and words in the listener's lexicon. When a second image of the same repeating word is added through dichotic presentation (with an interaural delay preventing fusion), the two distinct lateralized images of the word undergo independent illusory transformations at the same rate observed for a single image [Lenz et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 2857 (2000)]. However, when the contralateral word differs by even one phoneme, transformation rate decreases dramatically [Bashford et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2658 (2001)]. This suppression of transformations did not occur when a nonspeech competitor was employed. The present study found that dichotic suppression of transformation rate also is independent of the top‐down influence of a verbal competitor's word frequency, neighborhood density, and lexicality. However, suppression did increase with the extent of feature mismatch at...


The article is devoted to the research of the legal basis of the status of a limited liability companies that have only one participant. Attention is drawn to the fact that the legal basis for the status of such societies is mainly the g eneral provisions of the regulatory acts that apply to all limited liability companies. The article analyzes the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Code of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine "On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individuals-Entrepreneurs and Public Formations", "On limited liability companies". It has been established that although certain norms determine the peculiarities of the establishment, activity and termination of limited liability companies of one person, a number of provisions of the legislation regarding the status of such economic organizations need to be revised. Attention is drawn to the fact that a limited liability company of one person can be created and act on the basis of a model statute. The legal basis for the status of such associations is also the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 16, 2011 № 1182 "On Approval of the Model Statute of a Limited Liability Company". At the same time, some of the provisions of the model statute need to be clarified, since they do not take into account the constructive peculiarities of such entities and, accordingly, can not be applied to them. Attention is paid to the content of the constituent document of limited liability companies that have only one participant who made a decision to carry out activities on the basis of an individual charter whose provisions also form the legal basis for the status of such entities. According to the results of the analysis, the main directions of improvement of the legal basis for the status of a limited liability companies that have only one participant are proposed.


As a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel for compression ignition engines, biodiesel instead ofdiesel has been increasingly fueled to study its effects on engine performances and emissions in therecent 10 years. But these studies have been rarely reviewed to favor understanding and popularizationfor biodiesel so far. In this work, reports about biodiesel engine performances and emissions, published byhighly rated journals in scientific indexes, were cited preferentially since 2000 year. From these reports,the effect of biodiesel on engine power, economy, durability and emissions including regulated andnon-regulated emissions, and the corresponding effect factors are surveyed and analyzed in detail. Theuse of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in PM, HC and CO emissions accompanying with theimperceptible power loss, the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in NOx emission on conventionaldiesel engines with no or fewer modification. And it favors to reduce carbon deposit and wear ofthe key engine parts. Therefore, the blends of biodiesel with small content in place of petroleum dieselcan help in controlling air pollution and easing the pressure on scarce resources without significantlysacrificing engine power and economy. However, many further researches about optimization and modificationon engine, low temperature performances of engine, new instrumentation and methodology formeasurements, etc., should be performed when petroleum diesel is substituted completely by biodiesel.


https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.3.0252 Abstract Thyroid benign (TBN) and malignant (TMN) nodules are a common thyroid lesion. The differentiation of TMN often remains a clinical challenge and further improvements of TMN diagnostic accuracy are warranted. The aim of present study was to evaluate possibilities of using differences in trace elements (TEs) contents in nodular tissue for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. Contents of TEs such as silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sb), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were prospectively evaluated in "normal" thyroid (NT) of 105 individuals as well as in nodular tissue of thyroids with TBN (79 patients) and to TMN (41 patients). Measurements were performed using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis. It was observed that in TMN tissue the mean mass fraction of I was lower while the mean mass fraction of Rb was higher than in NT and TBN tissue. It was demonstrated that I content in nodular tissue is the most informative parameter for the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. It was found that "Sensitivity", "Specificity" and "Accuracy" of TMN identification using the I level in the needle biopsy of affected thyroid tissue was significantly higher than that using US examination and cytological test of fine needle aspiration biopsy. It was concluded that determination of the I level in a needle biopsy of TNs using non-destructive instrumental analytical method is a fast, reliable, and very informative diagnostic tool that can be successfully used as an additional test of thyroid malignancy iodine (I), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sb), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) contents in "normal" thyroid (NT) as well as in nodular tissue of patients who had either TBN or TMN using a combination of non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short- and long-lived radionuclides (INAA-SLR and INAA-LLR, respectively). The second aim was to evaluate TEs content to aid diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. analytical tool for the non-destructive determination of Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, I, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, and Zn content in the tissue samples of human thyroid, including needle-biopsy material. It was observed that in TMN tissue the mean mass fraction of I was lower while the mean mass fraction of Rb was higher than in both NT and TBN groups of samples. It was demonstrated that I content in nodular tissue is the most informative parameter for the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. It was found that "Sensitivity", "Specificity" and "Accuracy" of TMN identification using the I level in the needle biopsy of affected thyroid tissue was significantly higher than that using US examination and cytological test of fine needle aspiration biopsy. It was concluded that determination of the I level in a needle biopsy of TNs, using non-destructive instrumental analytical method, is a fast, reliable, and very informative diagnostic tool that can be successfully used as an additional test of thyroid malignancy identification.


A phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences shows the lecanoralean lichen fami- lies Caliciaceae and Physciaceae form a well-supported monophyletic group within the order Lecanorales (Ascomycotina). Support for this relationship is present from anatomical data, in particular data from spore ontogeny, where close similarities between the pattern of development of spore surface structures in the two families are pointed out. The Caliciaceae-Physciaceae group is characterized by having thick-walled, pigmented spores, often with a distinc - tive ornamentation which is usually formed either from strongly melanized parts of the perispore, separated by nonmelanized, gelatinous parts that eventually dissolve, or by cracks in the perispore. The relationship to the Teloschistaceae, sometimes suggested as a possible sister-group to the Physciaceae, was not supported by jackknifing, but cannot be rejected with the present data. There is no support for the suggested order Teloschistales. A brief discus - sion of the evolution of the prototunicate ascus in the Lecanorales is given. New SSU rDNA sequences were produced from Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd. and Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Furnr. (Physciaceae), Cladonia sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. (Cladoniaceae), Cyphelium tigillare (Ach.) Ach. (Caliciaceae), and Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. (Teloschistaceae).


This paper looks into the effects of traditional and cyber violence directed towards the LGBTQ+ population and focuses on the Taiwanese population aged between 18-25 years old, also known as the emerging adulthood age group. This time period is often characterized with identity discovery and early identification of sexual orientation, which can increase the risk of adverse health outcomes as emerging adults experience identity confusion and discrimination but do not have the appropriate coping strategies to deal with it. While Taiwan is the first place in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage, the LGBTQ+ community still faces homophobic discrimination and bullying in society. A total of 15 articles were identified for this paper of which eight examined the Taiwanese population. Findings suggest that although all members of the Taiwanese LGBTQ+ community are likely to be victims of bullying compared to heterosexual individuals, boys with a non-heterosexual identity tend to have a higher risk than girls, which narrows the sample to bisexual/gay men. In addition, all articles call for prevention or intervention methods at the population level, which leads to the discussion of preventive approaches through different aspects, including family, peer, community, and online.


As the life expectancy and quality of life improves for individuals with genetic conditions, so does the need for information regarding the management of reproductive issues. A recent review article addressed pregnancy care in women with some of the more common genetic conditions, including phenylketonuria, Turner syndrome, cystic fibrosis, connective tissue disorders, and disorders of fatty oxidation. The authors, therefore, focus their review on pregnancy management and outcomes in women with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), myotonic dystrophy, and ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency.


Breast augmentation is currently the most popular aesthetic procedure in the UK and US; however, there are often complex and underlying factors that motivate women to seek out surgery. In this article, Consultant Psychologist Eileen Bradbury highlights the psychological implications of this aesthetic procedure and briefly explores the impact of 2012's PIP implant scandal


Consult published literature or online resources on the subject. This can provide, as described in Chapter 10, information about the steps and actions required to implement an OSCE and a description of decisions that need to be taken relating  ...


Leah Price, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2012, 350 pp, £19.95 (hardback), ISBN 9780691114170 The most useful book I own is a sociological study of race relations in 1970s Bristol. At leas...


A new generation of opto-electronic signal processors, many exploiting acousto-optic technology, has been developing during the past several years. These processors are designed to perform algebraic operations like matrix-vector and matrix-matrix multiplication. A number of major architectures are reviewed, including some that operate using digital arithmetic. Fundamental limitations are discussed.


Its interest is largely historical since, as Wynn Jones tells us in his Preface, Spearman planned it to be a continuation of his "Abilities of Man" ; moreover, the book refers extensively to writings whose appeal is to the historically-minded only. Its disappointing quality is most striking in the light of the authors' Concluding Remarks. Here we read, with approval and hope, that "no one can say that a final interpretation of uwy broad factor has been obtained" and that "an ultimate explanation ~ . . is still anybody's guess." But this air of caution and fluidity is not justified by the body of the book. "Human Ability" consists largely of an inventory of the work of many psychologists whose views were different from Spearman's; but no recognition is accorded the underlying presuppositions (which they share with Spearman), and no space is devoted to those whose views were so fundamentally other that they share virtually no common ground with the authors of "Human Ability." For instance, Binet (apart from two brief mentions in the first chapter, entitled "Pre-Scientific Notions") is dismissed in the body of the book with one comment: "It is well known that the various speculations of Rinet as to the nature of intelligence were hardly consistent" ! Few writers on psycho-pathology would be content to limit their evaluation of Freud to such a reflection, The problems treated concern for the most part such questions as the number of acceptable factors, the extent of their interdependence, the eventual compatibility of the various statistical methods which have yielded incompatible results; and emphasis is persistently laid on the exactitude of the computations, the impressive numbers of subjects participating and the variety of tests which have been used. The following excerpts probably give an idea of the writers' sense of values more briefly and clearly than could be achieved by the reviewer: "Perhaps the most outstanding advance in this direction was achieved by Brown and Stephenson who in I932 not only made use of twenty different tests but, furthermore, submitted the results to mathematical treatment of previously unparalleled rigour, fundamentality, and laboriousness. Almost simultaneously, however, even all this was far out-topped by the aforesaid Chicago work, wherein the number of tests rose to no less than ninety-nine whilst the mathematical treatment was so exhaustive as t o be still in progress." "Even here, however, the evidence has gone to show that such a factor was not so much really absent as only latent. By means of appropriate statistical procedure it could be immediately revived in full force." "In mental as in physical science, however, the characters most satisfactory for fundamental developments must . . . be replaced by others that are more tractable. Thus the physical measurements purporting to measure 'energy,' 'ether,' and so forth, actually derive their content from visual percepts such as those of thermometers or galvanometers. In similar wise, the mental measurements are shy of grappling with the illusive 'clearness' and have instead recourse to more or less indirect indications." The writers make convincing criticisms of Thurstone, notably (in Chapter X) on the question of testing "the power of abstraction," but they appear unaware that such criticisms could be applied with equal cogency to some of their own conclusions-in particular those which depend on taking the name of a test a t its face value. Perhaps the most startling jump from a name to a "fact" is to be found in the chapter on Other Broad Qualitative Factors: I ' . . . the noegenetic theory has taken a hand, by showing that the essential form of all mental creation or invention consists in educing correlates." The matter of naming tests brings us to one of the fundamental problems of the factor analyst-or rather of his critics. "What's in the name?" they ask, "What is meant by 'G' and 'p' and 'Q'?" "Nothing," would appear to be the answer if the critics look for instance a t page 2 5 : "Not for us . ~ . is the luxury of exploring the depths of ontology and epistemology. We are under no obligation to answer such questions as: Whether 'factors' have any 'real existence' ? do they admit of genuine 'measurement' ? does the notion of 'ability' involve a t bottom any kind of cause, or power?" (It seems odd that the last question is not for the writers, in view of the title of the book.) and LL. WYNN JONES, M.A, (Qxon.), Ph.D. (Leipzig), D.Sc. (Wales). Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1950. Pp. vi + 198. 16s.


In this paper, Taiwan stock index is forecasted by use of optimized type 2 fuzzy time series concept. In Type 2 fuzzy time series, more observation can be used for forecasting. Thus, this model is closer to reality than type1 model.


In today's dynamically developing business environment, organizations face different moral issues and challenges, not only in terms of their competitiveness but also in terms of the most important assets of each company – its employees. Organizational management often overlooks the impact of values as a key component of organizational culture and individual`s motivation, which have a direct impact in decision-making on a given action, inactivity and behavior of employees in a work environment. Recognizing employees as the primary carrier of ethical commitment in the working atmosphere, the paper examines the link between the issue of moral responsibility in business with organizational values and the motivation of employees.


Reductions in federal support and clinical revenue jeopardize biomedical research and, in turn, clinical medicine. Reductions in federal support and clinical revenue jeopardize biomedical research and, in turn, clinical medicine.


The object of this invention is to provide an impeller-type shot peening system which has a cooling unit to improve physical properties of an objective material. The shot peening system has an air compressor (1210) to produce compressed air, a pressure regulator (1220) to regulate the pressure of the compressed air fed from the air compressor, an air control valve (1230) to control the feeding of the compressed air from the pressure regulator, and air nozzles (N1, N2) to eject the compressed air to the surface of an objective material (20). The air forces the small steel balls (S) against the surface to clean the surface. In such a case, the temperature of the surface of the objective material is increased due to the shot blasting with the steel balls, and in order to cool the surface, the shot peening system has an air-cooled type cooling unit.


The existence of cyanobacterial crust in Hong Kong under both experimental and natural conditions was noted. Thirty-three cyanobacterial species were identified from the soil surface at the site of an erosion experiment. Eleven species were unicellular and 22 filamentous. Fourteen were non-heterocystous and 8 heterocystous cyanobacterial species. None of the species were obligate terrestrial species. Species abundance was measured for one year, and clear seasonal and aseasonal groups of species were established. Macro-environmental data were reported, including soil characteristics, rainfall, rainfall variability and pH, both soil and surface runoff. While the crusts appeared to be fairly stable, except at typhoon intensities, further work is needed to establish degrees of temporal and spatial variation. Non-crust forming cyanobacteria grew on the soil surface under grass and fern. We discuss the future research outlining the potential uses of cyanobacteria in substrate remediation both as an aid to aggregate stability on cut slopes and as a means of accelerating natural plant succession on cut and cement plastered slopes.


experiments among groups to assess the prophylactic efficacy of promotional intervention. Only when practitioners know the answer, or can persuade themselves that they know the answer, can these constraints be dispensed with. It is here where the true paradox lies, not in Skrabanek's confused distinction. To think one knows the outcome consequent upon applying any intervention is sufficient to absolve professionals from a formal duty to inform, to counsel and to obtain consent. Clearly such a paradox amounts to a double standard which simultaneously provides a disincentive to enquire. The true state of knowledge concerned with a particular question will be fixed at a given time, but the certainty or doubts of individual practitioners may not be. Thus certain practitioners can proceed without constraint while the uncertain ones cannot. It may well be true that in clinical therapeutic medicine people prefer certainty (whether entirely scientifically justified or not) more than they might in prophylactic medicine, for obvious reasons to do with urgency, specificity and often, desperation. But there is no reason to suppose that the nature and extent of these uncertainties are any different between the two. (See for instance (2).) Skrabanek argues that there are many uncertainties in the practice of preventive medicine, which are not deemed to be uncertain by some practitioners. He is right. But it is nonsense to argue that this makes preventive medicine special in some important sense and it is certainly not thus exempted from these, rather peculiar, ethical constraints. References (1) Skrabanek P. Why is preventive medicine exempted from ethical constraints?Journal ofmedical ethics 1990; 4: 187-190. (2) McPherson K. International differences in medical care practices. Health care financing review. US Dept of Health and Human Services annual supplement, 1989.


Based on the field practice teaching of physical geography in Nanjing,analysis the problems exposed in some relevant cases.Under the background of improving the undergraduate teaching quality,how to improve the teaching quality of field practical of physical geography in Nanjing should be thought seriously.Through several years of teaching practice,put forward these following reform measures,to update and optimize the content of the field practice,promote the research mode of the field practice,strengthen the management of the field practice,optimize and stablize the practice route.Through these measures,field practice of physical geography in Nanjing area will become the innovative practice base.


The release of the Restructuring and Rejuvenation Program of the Logistics Industry brings the development of China's logistics industry with new opportunities.So,we should formulate countermeasures that meet the requirement of the development of logistics industry.The authors analyze problems with the development of logistics industry in Beijing and put forward some countermeasure on how to promote the development of logistics industry in Beijing,such as the construction of " Big Logistic Circle" for Beijing with the characteristics of low cost,high effective and environmental,creating new areas of demand,accelerating the adjustment and upgrade of logistic base,promoting the development of the joint distribution system,and so on.


Twenty‐two monoclonal antibodies to human C3c and ten to C3d were obtained by hybridization after the immunization of mice with complement‐coated human red cells and/or purified human complement components. C3c antibodies were variable in their agglutination reactions with cells coated with C3 by antibody in vitro; more consistent and potent reactions with these cells were observed with anti‐C3d, and all anti‐C3d reacted with red cells coated with C3 in vivo. Immunoradiometric assays were used to estimate antibody concentration, affinity, and epitope specificity. The antibody content in ascitic fluids varied from less than 0.1 mg per ml to 5.6 mg per ml. The estimated values of antibody affinities for Sepharose‐coupled C3 ranged from 2.8 × 10(6) l per M to 5.0 × 10(8) l per M; on average, IgM antibodies had higher affinities than IgG antibodies. Competitive binding assays showed that the monoclonal antibodies recognized at least seven different epitopes, four on the C3c and three on the C3d fragment of C3. When the results of serologic and quantitative assays were compared, no convincing relationship was found between serologic performance and epitope specificity, antibody concentration, or affinity. IgM antibodies generally gave higher agglutination scores than IgG antibodies, and Ig class was the only useful predictor of serologic efficacy.


In analyte assay systems, the system includes a solid support and 6 or more pairs of oligonucleotides. Each oligonucleotide pair are at least partially complementary to pairs of other oligonucleotides. Each pair has a first oligonucleotide and a second oligonucleotide. The first oligonucleotide is immobilized on a solid support, the second oligonucleotide has an analyte binding agent attached thereto. Oligonucleotides when used in assays performed at about 37 ° C. to about 45 ° C., has a cross-hybridization of the same nucleotide and less than about 10% to 3 consecutive at maximum.


The present disclosure is directed to a nutritional supplement composition containing undenatured or denatured Type II collagen in combination with Vitamin A and/or one or more carotenoids. The different dietary or nutraceutical agents are capable of synergistically working together to improve the health and well-being of a human or animal. Such synergy may present as either a faster onset of action, an increase in the number of responders, or as a higher level of efficacy, or any combination thereof, as compared to the administration of the Type II collagen source, Vitamin A, or other carotenoids alone. The nutritional supplement can be used to treat joint pain or other joint ailments due to arthritis, improve immune health, improve eye health, and/or improve brain health in human and animal populations both at risk and actively presenting with such ailments.


Abstract A series of alkylating derivatives of 5-subs-tituted 1-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazole having cytostatic activity has been prepared. The compounds synthesized include the 5-hydroxymethyl, 5-halomethyl, 5-(1-aziridino) methyl, and 5-bis (2-chloroethyl) aminomethyl derivatives.


Slikker W, Chang LW (eds). Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicity. New York: Academic Press; 1998; 587–615. 33 Li Y, Wang H. In utero exposure to tobacco and alcohol modifies neurobehavioral development in mice offspring: consideration a role of oxidative stress. Pharmacol Res 2004;49:467–73. 34 Cornelius MD, Ryan CM, Day NL, Goldschmidt L, Willford JA. Prenatal tobacco effects on neuropsychological outcomes among preadolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2001;22:217–25. 35 Weissman MM, Warner V, Wickramaratne PJ, Kandel DB. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychopathology in offspring followed to adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38:892–99. 36 Fried PA, Watkinson B. 12and 24-month neurobehavioural followup of children prenatally exposed to marihuana, cigarettes and alcohol. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1988;10:305–13. 37 Fried PA, O'Connell CM, Watkinson B. 60and 72-month follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol: cognitive and language assessment. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1992;13:383–91. 38 Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. A follow-up study of attentional behavior in 6-year-old children exposed prenatally to marihuana, cigarettes, and alcohol. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1992;14:299–311. 39 Batstra L, Hadders-Algra M, Neeleman J. Effect of antenatal exposure to maternal smoking on behavioural problems and academic achievement in childhood: prospective evidence from a Dutch birth cohort. Early Hum Dev 2003;75:21–33. 40 Kolb B, Wishaw IQ. In: Atkinson RC, Lindzey G, Thompson RF (eds). Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 4th edn. New York, NY, Pa: W.H. Freeman and Company; 1996; 691 pp. 41 Paule MG, Rowland AS, Ferguson SA, Chelonis JJ, Tannock R, Swanson JM, Castellanos FX. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: characteristics, interventions and models. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2000;22:631–51. 42 Mortensen EL, Michaelsen KF, Sanders SA, Reinisch JM. The association between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence. JAMA 2002;287:2365–71. 43 Ramsay MC, Reynolds CR. Does smoking by pregnant women influence IQ, birth weight, and developmental disabilities in their infants? A methodological review and multivariate analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2000;10:1–40. 44 Batty GD, Der G, Deary IJ. Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring's cognitive ability: empirical evidence for complete confounding in the US national longitudinal survey of youth. Pediatrics 2006;118:943–50.


The article is devoted to the genre stratification of the British restaurant discourse and the analysis of genre and discursive characteristics of its virtual variants. Based on understanding of the genre as the basic unit of discourse, the author classifies the genres depending on the scope of speech that supports a particular view of the restaurant business, including restaurant Internet communication. The article highlights the speech genres of the advertising restaurant discourse; restaurant media discourse; restaurant Internet discourse; commercial restaurant discourse; restaurant discourse of the business community. The author makes a conclusion about the special place of hypergenre of catering Internet-site, as the Internet site, being one of the genres of restaurant Internet discourse, can act as a special hypertext space joining such online genres as blog, review, comment etc. The work describes the discursive features of restaurant Internet discourse, the classification of types of verbalization of the sender in a website hypertext space (personalized sender; collective personalized sender; the collective sender (team) with elements of personification; the collective sender (team) without personification). The work also identifies socio-economic, status-role, social-demographic, socio-personal discursive parameters of the addressee. The article contributes to the development of discourse studies and the theory of Internet communication.


Novel multilayered FeSiCrB–Fe<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula>N (<italic>x</italic> = 2–4) metallic glass composites were fabricated using spark plasma sintering of FeSiCrB amorphous ribbons (Metglas 2605SA3 alloy) and Fe<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula>N (<italic>x</italic> = 2–4) powder. Crystalline Fe<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula>N can serve as a high magnetic moment, high electrical resistance binder, and lamination material in the consolidation of amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons, mitigating eddy currents while boosting magnetic performance and stacking factor in both wound and stacked soft magnetic cores. Stacking factors of nearly 100% can be achieved in an amorphous ribbon/iron nitride composite. FeSiCrB–Fe<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula>N multilayered metallic glass composites prepared by spark plasma sintering have the potential to serve as a next-generation soft magnetic material in power electronics and electrical machines.


1Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 2Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan, 3Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 4Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University-On-Nan Hospital, 5Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 6Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan


Creation of formal specifications is being considered a relief for the difficulties of inception and construction of distributed systems. Numerous formal methods exist for the purpose of description of distributed systems and protocols. The creation of formal specifications for these systems lacks the extensive support by tools vendors. This results in lack of sophisticated tools, which help the developer to overcome the initial training investment, shallowing the learning curve. Thus, the development of formal specification for the systems under construction stays an expensive undertaking, which lacks the immediate results, important for the overall acceptance of formal methods by the industry. In this paper we describe a plugin for the Eclipse IDE, developed to simplify the task of authoring formal specifications in the TLA+ environment. This plugin provides features, expected from an IDE for a common programming language, such as syntax highlighting, autocompletion and execution assistance.


An effective regulation indexes system is the base of the regulation.A comprehensive index analysis model is proposed by applying stepwise discriminant analysis.Using the method,the research reduces regulation indexes from 18 to 8 which are the most effective in distinguishing banks with problems from normal banks.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by experimental results.


The article analyzes the concept of «crisis» as an attribute of symbolic politics, which is reflected in the socio-political discourse. The aim was to study the concept of «crisis» as a tool for the struggle of discourses depending on the political interests of actors. The most important source of modern socio-political discourse is the mass media. In this regard, the study of the manifestations of the concept of «crisis» was carried out using the tools of content analysis and qualitative analysis of the text. As a result of the analysis of the content of the Russian federal and regional mass media, the hypothesis that the concept of «crisis» is used in the struggle of discourses, taking semantic meanings determined by the political interests of actors, were confirmed. The predominance of crisis content in the federal press is recorded. It is also noted that the federal and regional media do not so much broadcast a picture of reality, as they take part in the transformation of ideas about this reality. The data and conclusions obtained as a result of the study allow us to further more objectively assess the motivational and substantive aspects of the escalation of crisis situations in the public field.


Both theoretical and experimental study of a three-components one-pot cycloaddition reaction involving unstabilized azomethine ylides and unsymmetrical exocyclic dienones featuring a tetralone core was performed. Two new families of highly...


The invention discloses a tunnel configuration method, a virtual access node, a virtual edge node and a system. The tunnel between an IP edge node and a virtual AN is established dynamically, and then the tunnel is provided for an SP network device to realize the control of a port division by the SP network device. The problem of low utilization of the tunnel caused by a PBT tunnel static configuration in the prior art is avoided, and as the tunnel can be allocated dynamically, when a fault occurs in the configuration tunnel, the SP can reapply for a tunnel for service, thus ensuring normal communication.