The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is emerging as a significant security organisation in Central Asia, but remains understudies in academia. This thesis analyses SCO using primary research interviews across its member-states, and by drawing on theoretical literatures developed for security and regionalism in the developing world. The role of SCO as a security provider and the nature of cooperation within its framework are examined, challenging existing assumptions. It is argued that the SCO is not an "empty vessel" aimed at countering Western influence, but a framework for cooperation on the primary interest of its member-states,regime security. To this end, it is focussed on addressing non-traditional security challenges within Central Asia, and has developed an institutional framework that takes into account the reservations of its member-states' elites about ceding national sovereignty. The thesis concludes that this approach has enabled SCO to become an important element in its member-states' regional policy. In addition, mainstream literatures on regional institutions are critiqued, in particular the impliciit assumption that cooperation between states that are not pluralistic liberal-democracies is inherently limited. To the contrary, in regions of weak states, regime security provides the basis for a different form of cooperation that should not be dismissed.


【Objectives】 To compare the distribution of three clinical subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) between Han and Uygur and to evaluate the application of Conners scale in three clinical subtypes of ADHD.【Methods】 The data of ADHD Children from 2008 to 2010 of the section of children's health care in Urumqi First People Hospital were analyzed and the distribution of three clinical subtypes of ADHD,PSQ was employed to assess children's behavior in three clinical subtypes of ADHD and control,the total scores and factor scores were compared among the four groups.【Results】 1)There were 1 164 ADHD children including 1 114 Han and 50 Uygur.2)The distribution of three clinical subtypes of ADHD was different between Han and Uygur,the most subtype was ADHD-HI at preschool,the one ADHD-C at primary school among Han and Uygur and the most subtype was ADHD-I at high school in Han.The factor scores(except anxiety and psychosomatic problem in Uygur and psychosomatic problem in Han) were found to be significantly higher in the three clinical subtypes compared to controls.However,no reliable difference was found in the factor scores between the ADHD-I and controls in Uygur.【Conclusions】 The distribution of three clinical subtypes of ADHD between Han and Uygur and Conners scale may help to differentiate clinical case of ADHD from normal controls in aspects of conduct disorder,learning problem,impulsive-hyperactive behavior,as well as in terms of hyperactive index.On the other hand,the scale has limited value in differentiating clinical subtypes of ADHD.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Existing animal models of renal oxalate excretion utilize either gut or peritoneal cavity for oxalate absorption. Ex vivo renal perfusion is an established tool for graft...


Contents: Preface Emulating the past and creating the present: reformation and the use of historical and theological models in Zurich in the sixteenth century, Bruce Gordon with Luca Baschera and Christian Moser Patristics and polemic: Josias Simlera (TM)s history of early church Christological disputes, Mark Taplin Bullingera (TM)s model for collective episcopacy: transformational ministry in a society facing final judgment, Jon Delmas Wood Peter Martyr Vermiglia (TM)s Epistle to the Princess Elizabeth: models of redemptive kingship, Torrance Kirby A mirror of virtue: commentaries on the Book of Ruth in sixteenth-century Zurich, Christian Moser Reforming a model: Zwingli, Bullinger, and the Virgin Mary in sixteenth-century Zurich, Rebecca A. Giselbrecht The childhood of Christ as a model of Christian child raising: two sermons of 1553 by Rudolf Gwalther, Kurt Jakob RA etschi Moral treatment of immoral texts from classical Antiquity: Conrad Gessnera (TM)s Martial-edition of 1544, Urs B. Leu Shaping reformed Aristotelianism: Otto WerdmA llera (TM)s evaluation of the Nichomachean ethics in De dignitate, usu et methodo philosophiae moralis (1545), Luca Baschera a "Praeceptor amicissimusa (TM): Konrad Pellikan, and models of teacher, student and the ideal of scholarship, Matthew McLean Fathers and sons: the exemplary lives of Konrad Pellikan and Leo Jud in Reformation Zurich, Bruce Gordon Index.


High temperature superconductors with a nominal composition Bi 2-x (CuPb) xSr2Ca2Cu3O10+ δ for (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The effect of (CuPb) x substitution on T c of Bi 2-x (CuPb) x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+ δ compound has been investigated by X-ray diffraction , resistance measurements and oxygen content to obtain the optimum conditions for the formation and stabilization of the high T C phase (2223- phase).The results showed that the optimum sintering temperature for the composition Bi 2-x (CuPb) x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+ δ is T s =1133K for t s =140h. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all the samples have almost two phases: high-T c phase (2223- phase) and low-T C phase (2212- phase). It was found that all the samples having an orthorhombic structure with lattice parameter value (c) increased with increasing of the critical temperature T c . Substitution of (CuPb) x to 0.1, 0.3, 0.4 increases the transition temperature to T C =107K, 125K, 95K, respectively.


A stack of a fuel cell vehicle that can improve flow distribution and cold starting is provided to stably maintain the flow distribution of a cooling water flowing through a cooling water manifold by installing a support heat generating unit inside the cooling water manifold. A stack(10) of a fuel cell vehicle that can improve flow distribution and cold starting includes a support heat generating unit(100) and a control unit(200). The support heat generating unit is equipped with a stack where an air manifold(12), a hydrogen manifold(11), and a cooling water manifold(13) are formed. The support heat generating unit keeps the flow distribution of a cooling water flowing through the cooling water manifold constant. The support heat generating unit is inserted into the cooling water manifold in a longitudinal direction of the cooling water manifold so as to improve the cool starting. The support heat generating unit generates heat by receiving a power of a battery. The control unit controls a heat generating temperature of the support heat generating unit.


SIR-Dr. Pearson, in his editorial 'The Results of Treatment: the Horns of our Dilemma' (DMCN, 24, 417), rings a door-bell and runs away. H e quotes Bax and Mac Keith' and Taftz, who called attention to the lack of scientific evidence for the efficacy of many treatments for cerebral palsy, confirms that the position is unchanged, but then loses spirit and adds 'After raising this issue, I feel the need to reassure . . . our younger . . . colleagues'. Older colleagues, too, for Dr. Pearson attributes his personal convictions to Denis Browne3: 'When the outcome of doing nothing is uncertain, aN cases should be treated without exception'. Drs. Wilson and Bellman, in an annotation in the same issue of the journal, introduce their protocol for a trial of interferon for SSPE thus: 'it has been argued that a true controlled trial, i.e. using a placebo, would be unethical for patients with SSPE. Therefore we propose initially to treat all accepted patients'. My colleagues and I were refused ethical clearance for a randomised trial of multivitamins vs placebo for the possible prevention of neural-tube defects. Consequently we were forced to do an uncontrolled, nonrandomised trial, without placebo. The results4 were encouraging but were not proven scientifically. It is now ethically much more difficult than before to organise a proper trial, and the consequences include uncertainty, special pleading, procrastination, involvement of the media, even questions in Parliament'. It is difficult to withdraw a therapy that has appeared to give benefit. The time to determine its value is at the beginning. Vast sums of money are spent on therapies of unproven value: whether the money is paid directly by individuals o r indirectly through national or private health-insurance schemes, it cannot be justified. In fairness to Dr. Pearson, he comes back to the door, now open, looks in, and in his closing sentence recognises the truth: 'Only if we question our methods and seek the hard evidence to answer those questions will we truly know the results of treatment'. His plea for more research must have our whole-hearted support.


The amount of distributed generation (DG) located in distribution networks increases rapidly. This may have certain impacts on the traditional protection methods. To ensure safe and selective operation, these impacts should be taken in to account and included when planning DG unit interconnection. The distribution network operators (DNOs) are increasingly facing new challenges related to DG. At the same, needs for developing the planning systems for DG interconnection purposes have been observed. This paper briefly describes the network protection impacts of DG and the typical tools applied for network planning. The development of new planning functionalities is described. The present situation and needs of using planning systems for DG interconnection studies are described. The future work to be performed under project ADINE co-funded by European Commission will be outlined.


The authors wish to disclose that Ms. Harris receives research funding from the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Queensland Health, Disability Services Queensland, the Australian Rotary Health Research Fund, and AstraZeneca. Dr. McGorry receives research grant support from Janssen-Cilag and AstraZeneca. He also receives honoraria from AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Pfizer, and Eli Lilly.


Certain autoantibodies can be clinically useful biomarkers associated with a particular disease and/or clinical features. Some of them, called disease marker antibodies, are highly specific for a particular diagnosis and have predictive value for the development of the disease, and they are included in classification criteria for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (1, 2). The majority of disease-associated autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) have been known for decades. However, autoantibody research in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) has been highly active in recent years as several new, clinically important autoantibody specificities with strong clinical impact have been identified, such as antibodies to transcription intermediary factor 1γ/α (TIF1γ/α; p155/140), which are frequently found in cancer-associated DM (3–5); and to melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), associated with clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) (6–9). Autoantibodies that are found in PM/DM are often classified into myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (10, 11). MSAs are found almost exclusively in PM/DM among systemic rheumatic diseases, although some are also found in patients classified into idiopathic ILD, such as anti-PL-12 and anti-KS antibodies (12, 13).


paper presents an accurate, fast and simple closed form solution to estimate crosstalk noise between two adjacent wires, using RC interconnect model in two situations: simple resistance as driver and short channel CMOS inverter as a driver. The salient features of our proposed models include minimization of computational overhead, elimination of adjustment step to predict the peak amplitude and pulse width of the noise waveform. Numerical calculations are compared with SPICE simulation and other metrics by plotting the noise voltage verses time. Based on our proposed models, we derive analytical delay models due to RC interconnect in each case. Finally we formulate energy dissipation of the RC coupled interconnects in both the cases using our proposed metrics. Experimental results indicate that our models are closely comparable with SPICE simulation, with an average estimation error of 3.366%.


.D.,§ .D.,§ Introduction: Abandoned cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) leads remain a contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, largely due to in vitro data showing endocardial heating secondary to the radiofrequency field. We tested the hypothesis that abandoned CIED leads do not pose an increased risk of clinical harm for patients undergoing MRI. Methods: This single-center retrospective study examined the outcomes of patients who had device generators removed before MRI, rendering the device leads abandoned. Information was gathered through chart review. Data collected included lead model, pacing threshold before MRI, anatomic region examined, threshold data after generator reimplantation, and clinical patient outcome. Results: Patients (n = 19, 11 men and eight women) ranged in age from 19 to 85 at the time of MRI. There was a mean of 1.63 abandoned leads at the time of imaging; none of the leads were MRI conditional. Of the three implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads, two of three were dual coil. Most (31/35) of the scans performed were of the central nervous system, including head and spinal imaging. There were no adverse events associated with MRI in any of these patients with abandoned leads within 7 days of the scan. No


Face recognition (FR), the process of identifying people through facial images, has numerous practical applications in the area of biometrics, information security, access control, law enforcement, smart cards and surveillance system. Convolutional Neural Networks (CovNets), a type of deep networks has been proved to be successful for FR. For real-time systems, some preprocessing steps like sampling needs to be done before using to CovNets. But then also complete images (all the pixel values) are passed as input to CovNets and all the steps (feature selection, feature extraction, training) are performed by the network. This is the reason that implementing CovNets are sometimes complex and time consuming. CovNets are at the nascent stage and the accuracies obtained are very high, so they have a long way to go. The paper proposes a new way of using a deep neural network (another type of deep network) for face recognition. In this approach, instead of providing raw pixel values as input, only the extracted facial features are provided. This lowers the complexity of while providing the accuracy of 97.05% on Yale faces dataset.


THE majority of aniimal fats examined in detail have been from vertebrates. In connexion with the feeding experiments described in the preceding paper, a knowledge of the composition of the mixed fatty acids of earthworms was desirable and a large quantity of worms was collected over a considerable period and kept in cold storage until sufficient was available for fatty acid analyses. In view of the unexpectedly complex mixture of acids found, a second, larger quantity of worms was collected and a second analysis carried out, which confirmed in every respect the first conclusions.


We establish an asymptotic formula for a pair of linearly independent solutions of the subcritical Riemann–Weber type half-linear differential equation. We also complement the results of the author and M. Ünal, Acta Math. Hungar. 120 (2008), 147–163, where the equation was considered in the critical case.


In this paper, a technique is presented to synthesize resilient nonlinear mechanisms used for image encryption. The proposed nonlinear component assists in transforming the intelligible message or plain image into a ciphered image by the use of Fourier series. Experiments are performed by taking a standard picture to authenticate the strength of the proposed algorithm.


The design process of a fuzzy inference system from data can be divided into two stages: the structure identification and the structure optimization. In this paper, the fuzzy system performance is optimized by partition refinement. A three-step method is employed to build a fuzzy inference system from data: Step 1 initiates the membership functions and system rules with a simple topology. Step 2 fine-tunes the input membership function parameters with data. Step 3 adds a new fuzzy set on the input region, which is responsible for the greatest part of the error. It is an iterative process from step 1 to step 3. Finally, this algorithm will generate different fuzzy system structures, which are with the different accuracy of the approximation and the different complexity of the rule set. It can selects from the different structures to obtain a fuzzy system that providing the best compromise between the accuracy and the complexity. The simulation results are compared with the equally partitioned fuzzy inference system.


This paper identi fi es a common political struggle behind debates on the validity and permissibility of animal experimentation, through an analysis of two recent European case studies: the Italian implementation of the European Directive 2010/63/EC regulating the use of animals in science, and the recent European Citizens ' Initiative (ECI) ' Stop Vivisection ' . Drawing from a historical parallel with Victorian antivivisectionism, we highlight important threads in our case studies that mark the often neglected speci fi cities of debates on animal experimentation. From the representation of the sadistic scientist in the XIX century, to his/her claimed capture by vested interests and evasion of public scrutiny in the contemporary cases, we show that animals are not simply the focus of the debate, but also a privileged locus at which much broader issues are being raised about science, its authority, accountability and potential misalignment with public interest. By highlighting this common socio-political con fl ict underlying public controversies around animal experimentation, our work prompts the exploration of modes of authority and argumentation that, in establishing the usefulness of animals in science, avoid reenacting the traditional divide between epistemic and political fora. (cid:1) The Authors. open


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic properties of the new isoxazoline compounds BTG1640 and BTG1675A in comparison with diazepam.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We evaluated the ultrasonic distress emission in both sexes of neonatal rat pups (which seems to be a sensitive indicator of the rat emotional reactivity and represents a valuable tool to screen compounds with expected anxiolytic properties) and the locomotor activity in 30-day old rat pups.

RESULTS
We found a significant reduction in the number of emitted ultrasonic calls only after i.p. administration of diazepam 1 mg/kg, while no significant reduction have been detected after i.p. administration of BTG 1640 and BTG 1675A. Furthermore, we found a significant reduction of locomotor activity in the first 10' of the test, only in the group treated with diazepam 0.1 mg.

CONCLUSIONS
The tests validating the supposed anxiolytic properties of the new isoxazoline compounds BTG1640 and BTG1675A, in comparison with diazepam, gave negative results.


The case of a 6-year-old girl who developed Colorado tick fever and associated encephalitis and made a complete recovery is presented. The clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and treatment are discussed.


It is well known that "most" is not first-order definable, and that the proof is in Barwise and Cooper's 1981 paper. Actually, Barwise and Cooper present two theorems that bear on the issue. Their theorem C12 says that, for any pair of one-place predicates A and B, there is no sentence of classical predicate logic that is true i↵ "Most A are B" is. (Let's assume that "Most A are B" means that more than half of the A's are B, though the only thing that matters is that "most" is proportional.) Barwise and Cooper's C13 states that the foregoing result remains valid when classical logic is enriched with a unary quantifier Q so defined that Qx(Ax) is true i↵ more than half of the entities in the domain of quantification are A's. There is a popular legend about the import of these theorems. It originated in Barwise and Cooper's own discussion (especially section 1.2, pp. 160-161), soon became lore, and has meanwhile made it into the textbooks. Here is how your favourite introduction to logic and semantics puts it:


Being constantly motivated and capable to read fluently is one of the crucial aspects that should be acquired by an individual. This receptive skill is necessary in order to be able to decode written information and symbols of a language. The inability to read fluently imposes great threats to individuals as it may affect decoding skills and literacy. Low motivation and dysfluency in reading are regarded as the most blatant issues faced by learners in reading. This case study aimed to explore the effectiveness of Audacity Readers' Theatre in increasing Year 2 pupils' motivation and fluency in reading. The three Year 2 pupils were purposively selected due to their inability to read fluently and lack of motivation in reading. The main instrument used was the observation checklist where the lessons were observed and recorded by two observers. The pupils were interviewed to find out how Audacity Readers' Theatre motivated and helped them to read more fluently. The researcher wrote journals after the lessons to keep a record on pupils' behaviour and improvement throughout the lessons. Thus, the data from the semi structured interview and journal were used to triangulate the data from the observation checklist. The data which was analysed using thematic analysis illuminated on how Audacity Readers' Theatre aided the pupils in heightening their motivation level and reading more fluently. The findings of the study revealed the necessity of incorporating Audacity Readers' Theatre in the primary ESL classrooms to remedy problems of low motivation and dysfluency in reading.


Financial literacy is the sum total of various skills, aptitudes and abilities required to make sense of financial phenomena & take sound financial decisions. It is a very important concept in the present times. The world that we witness today is a much different one than the one occupied by our elders. Even though many things have managed to remain the same, many more have changed rapidly. Accompanying these rapid changes are the growing complexity in the way in which thigs work, for eg; the financial system. Just consider the following; 1. More and more youngsters are conscious about considering retirement planning since early on, as they know they have to fend for themselves past their retirement age. 2. More than ever before, youngsters today need to think of their income as a limited economic resource, which has unlimited demands, many alternative uses, considerable opportunity cost & their spending behaviour can have long term, irrevocable consequences. 3. We, as a country, over the past decade are slowly but surely shifting from a nation of savers to that of spenders, with more and more youngsters being comfortable with credit cards & term loans for acquiring a variety of consumer goods. 4. The financial system, too, has never been more flabbergasting, with a plethora of investment & insurance products (who often intermingle) to choose from & advisors of all classes & pedigree vying for a chance to manage other's money for them, for a fee, ofcourse. 5. Easy access to & low barriers in financial markets of all types, terms, sizes & shapes have attracted many youngsters to take part in them, irrespective of these youngsters' understanding thereof & expertise therein. It is very easy to fumble and make mistakes in such a scenario, if one is not well equipped with the necessary skills and abilities to make sense of & then harness all the data & information, often easily & abundantly available, to make sound financial decisions. Often, such mistakes have been known to have long term, even permanent, ramifications. It is evident from the large number of youngsters and even middle aged people still struggling pay off their student loan arrears & make sense of their burgeoning credit card debt. Considering this, it probably wouldn't be an exaggeration to consider financial literacy a valuable life skill. Measuring relevant parameters is the first logical step towards solving a problem. In order to understand whether the youngsters of today possess necessary skills, aptitudes & abilities to make sound financial decisions, we first need to measure their current level of financial literacy & identify the various determinants & influencing factors in financial decision-making process, as engaged in by the youth. This is an endeavour which will aid the various stakeholders (policy makers, educators, parents, youngsters, banks & other financial institutions, regulators, etc) to undertake necessary policy interventions, create effective educational programs, develop relevant financial products and effectively train the next generation of decision makers to make better financial decisions. Also, relevant research gaps need to be explored in order to undertake future research. The current research paper is an attempt in that direction.


The daily practice of photographing lichen on bark developed from my interest in the bark of trees during the project Performing with Plants (2017-2019) and continued during the project Meetings with Remarkable and Unremarkable Trees (2020-2021). In this essay I return to these visual fieldnotes, compare the visual diary on Flickr with my previous journals on social media, and consider the potential of such practices for developing awareness of and a respectful relationship to other beings that we share this planet with.


Using the normal mode expansion method, the collisional drift waves of the slab plasma in a sheared magnetic field are investigated. In the strong shear parameter regime, \(1{\lesssim}\kappa L_{s}{\ll}m_{i}/m_{e}\) (κ: density gradient, L s : shear length and m i / m e : ion to electron mass ratio), the growth rate is found to be proportional to \(\sqrt{\nu/\omega_{*}}\). The diffusion coefficient is also estimated and a density limitation of high density tokamak is shown.


Even though modeling and solving multiagent scheduling problems seem completely understood and several algorithms can be found in the literature, one limitation still stands up: How to nd a compatible time slot for an activity shared by many users without requiring the users themselves to spend time going through their calendar and choosing time slots until everybody agrees. This extended abstract introduces an algorithm called Asynchronous Time Finder (ATF) based on the Asynchronous Backtracking (ABT) that enables applications to nd compatible times when scheduling shared activities among several users while requiring minimal user interaction.


The spectral properties of a compact operator \(T : X \longrightarrow Y\) on a normed linear space resemble those of square matrices. For a compact operator, the spectral properties can be treated fairly completely in the sense that Fredholm's famous theory of integral equations may be extended to linear functional equations \(T x -\lambda\) \(= y\) with a complex parameter \(\lambda\) . This paper has studied and investigated the spectral properties of compact operators in Hilbert spaces. The spectral properties of compact linear operators are relatively simple generalization of the eigenvalues of finite matrices. As a result, the paper has given a number of corresponding propositions and interesting facts which are used to prove basic properties of compact operators. The Fredholm theory has been introduced to investigate the solvability of linear integral equations involving compact operators.


Abstract Infrared reflectivity spectra of KDP-type compounds are compared in the para-, ferro- and antiferroelectric phases. The marked differences of lineshapes of the PO4 bending mode in antiferro- and ferroelectric compounds are consistent with the role played by this mode in the mechanism of the para-ferroelectric phase transition.


text-fig. 48. Saurornitholestes langstoni; TMP 88.121.39; fibula, lateral view, showing state 1 for characters 211 and 212. Scale bar represents 10 mm.


A "3414" regression experiment was conducted by applying different contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to kyoto grape. The results showed the application of N 15 kg, P2O5 12 kg and K2O 18 kg obtained the best achievement, with the best quality and agronomic traits of kyoto grape and significant increase of yield and benefit.


As a Foreign Associate Member I wish to thank and congratulate the Istituto Lombardo for having organised this one-full-day meeting on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Italian Association for Theoretical and Applied mechanics, AIMETA. It has been a wonderful opportunity to appreciate the versatility of mechanical rationales ranging from biological cells to the solar system. Within 4 years, Milan will host ICTAM 2020, the International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. On this occasion researchers from all over the world will meet in a place famous for its long lasting tradition of excellence in Mechanics and no doubt make this gathering a success.


The present communication seems to me justified only in the light of experiences which I have had during the past winter. We are still far from a satisfactory solution of many questions concerning the surgery of the biliary tract. The following are some of these questions: (a) Should gallstones be removed even if they cause no symptoms? (b) What is the importance of biliary drainage after opening the gall bladder or gall ducts? (c) What is the best way of preventing hernia after operations on the biliary passages? (d) What is the significance of the biliary fistula? From the beginning, hernia in the scar and biliary fistula have been enough to dampen the surgeon's enthusiasm for a procedure which, in many other respects, is one of the most brilliant and effective in modern surgery. The cause of hernia after operations on the biliary tract is the long incision and


The bcy1 mutation makes the cdc33 start mutant arrest at random points in the cell cycle instead of only at G1. We cloned and sequenced CDC33. This coding sequence is identical to that of the gene encoding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 24-kilodalton mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF-4E.


The most basic of these circuits requires two encoded qubits and a magic state preparation scheme, still resulting in a fairly involved experiment for many current devices. However, these circuits will be foundational components in larger NISQ computations, and as architectures scale up in size, the performance of these injection circuits on smaller devices will indicate the challenges that larger devices on the same architecture must meet.


A key part of treatment for brain tumors is tumor resection, the amount of tumor resection has a direct correlation on the mortality of the patient. However, tools available to surgeons to ensure maximal resection while preserving a patient's functional status often increase surgery time or are lacking in accuracy. Raman spectroscopy is a promising modality that can provide real time intraoperative data to the surgeon about whether a tissue is normal or cancerous, thus aiding the surgeon in obtaining maximal safe resection. In this paper, we pair Raman spectroscopy with a supervised machine learning technique, support vector machine, to classify fresh tissue samples as solid tumor, infiltrating tumor, necrosis, or normal brain tissue. The support vector machine classifier resulted in 89% accuracy of the 117 tissue samples while delivering real time results. Accurate real-time tissue characterization will vastly reduce the amount of time a surgeon waits for the results of biopsies and provides a means for intraoperative margin assessment during tumor resection.


This paper will describe a new Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) test facility that is being developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to test EUV telescopes. Two flight programs, Hi-C, the high resolution coronal imager (a sounding rocket program), and SUVI, the Solar Ultraviolet Imager (GOES-R), set the requirements for this new facility. This paper will discuss those requirements, the EUV source characteristics, the wavelength resolution that is expected and the vacuum chambers (Stray Light Facility, Xray Calibration Facility and the NSSTC EUV test chamber) where this facility will be used.


One of the largest uncertainties in stellar evolutionary computations is the accuracy of the considered reaction rates. The 12 C( α , γ ) 16 O reaction is particularly important for the study of low- and intermediate-mass stars as it determines the final C/O ratio in the core which influences the white dwarf (WD) cooling evolution. Thus, there is a need for a study of how the computations of WDs and their progenitors that are made to date may be affected by the uncertainties of the 12 C( α , γ ) 16 O reaction rates. In this work, we compute fully evolutionary sequences using the MESA code with initial masses in the range of 0.90 ≤ M i /M (cid:3) ≤ 3.05. We consider different adopted reaction rates, obtained from the literature, as well as the extreme limits within their uncertainties. As expected, we find that previous to the core helium burning (CHB) stage, there are no changes to the evolution of the stars. However, the subsequent stages are all affected by the uncertainties of the considered reaction rate. In particular, we find differences to the conv ectiv e core mass during the CHB stage which may affect pulsation properties of subdwarfs, the number of thermal pulses during the asymptotic giant branch and trends between final oxygen abundance in the core and the progenitor masses of the remnant WDs.


tructural changes over the last thirty years in industrialized societies have challenged the institutions that regulated the economy and the labour market during the so-called golden age of capitalism. Global competition, technological and organizational innovations, financialization of the economy, and service sector expansion are some examples of the complex social transformations that are creating new forms of economic and labour regulation. S


In a postfactual world in which claims are often held to be true only to the extent that they confirm pre-existing or partisan beliefs, this book asks crucial questions: how can we identify the many forms of untruthfulness in discourse? How can we know when their use is ethically wrong? How can we judge untruthfulness in the messiness of situated discourse? Drawing on pragmatics, philosophy, psychology, and law, All Bullshit and Lies? develops a comprehensive framework for analyzing untruthful discourse in situated context. TRUST, or Trust-related Untruthfulness in Situated Text, sees untruthfulness as encompassing not only deliberate manipulations of what is believed to be true (the insincerity of withholding, misleading, and lying) but also the distortions that arise from an irresponsible attitude towards the truth (dogma, distortion, and bullshit). Chris Heffer discusses times when truth is not "in play," as in jokes or fiction, as well as instances when concealing the truth can achieve a greater good. The TRUST framework demonstrates that untruthfulness becomes unethical in discourse, though, when it unjustifiably breaches the trust an interlocutor invests in the speaker. In addition to the theoretical framework, this book provides a clear, practical heuristic for analyzing discursive untruthfulness and applies it to such cases of public discourse as the Brexit "battle bus," Trump's tweet about voter fraud, Blair and Bush's claims about weapons of mass destruction, and the multiple forms of untruthfulness associated with the Skripal poisoning case. In All Bullshit and Lies? Chris Heffer turns a critical eye to fundamental questions of truthfulness and trust in our society. This timely and interdisciplinary investigation of discourse provides readers a deeper theoretical understanding of untruthfulness in a postfactual world.


Abstract Two individuals, a father and son with idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IIPO), a familial visceral neuropathy, and major depressive illness are presented. In both the bowel symptoms preceded the onset of the depressive illness – the bowel symptoms presenting in mid-adolescence and the depressive illness presenting in middle age. Both patients required numerous laparotomies and both were treated with a series of ECTs. Both developed vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia and other evidence of malabsorption. At post-mortem both patients showed evidence of distension of the small bowel with volvulus. An extensive pedigree of both conditions overlapping in two inter-related families now extending to the fourth generation with 28 children under the age of 30 is described. Pending further investigation and genetic studies we postulate a possible common neurotransmitter pathology and recommend further neurochemical and histopathological studies of the myenteric plexus in IIPO. Furthermore, the genetic locus of familial IIPO might provide a genetic marker for some forms of primary affective disorder.


This manuscript presents the genesis and development of the so-called "Mexican socialist" school system of the 1930s, whose leading stakeholder was President Lázaro Cárdenas. At the beginning of the socialist project, Mexico underwent the most politicized and controversial education reform in its modern history. Much has been said about this ambitious project of social change. However, a thorough exam is still needed, especially on how socialist values were globalized and appropriated in the Mexican scenario regarding the new State project of basic education. In this sense we are interested in how science was portrayed in Natural Sciences textbooks, especially focusing in biological evolution.


Digitization communication has become the main mode of transmission of academic periodicals in society.By comparison with the paper media,digitization communication works in a network structure,spreading more information faster and more accurately.To adjust to the mode of digitization transmission,editors may apply some strategies,such as speeding up censoring and publishing the essays,paying much attention to the scheme of choosing columns and subjects,highlighting the titles and designs of layout forms to attract more readership.


The PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) at the KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) is building a high-power proton linear accelerator aiming to generate 100-MeV proton beams with 20-mA peak current (pulse width and max. repetition rate of 1 ms and 120 Hz respectively). We are developing a prototype digital BPPM (Beam Position and Phase Monitor) for the PEFP linac utilizing the digital technology with field programmable gate array (FPGA). The RF input signals are down converted to 10 MHz and sampled at 40 MHz with 14-bit ADC to produce I and Q data streams. The system is designed to provide a position and phase resolution of 0.1% and 0.1. RMS respectively. The fast digital processing is networked to the EPICS-based control system with an embedded processor (Blackfin).


Some studies have suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are associated with excess risks for pancreatitis (NEJM JW Gen Med May 1 2017


The half millennium or so of late antiquity (here defined as ca. 250-800) spans momentous events: the conversion of the Roman Empire, the Barbarian invasions, the rise and fall of the Sasanian Empire, the Arab conquests, and the advent of Islam. This attractive and well conceived guide falls into two parts: the first (1-272) consists of eleven essays by leading scholars on a variety of important themes, ranging from sacred landscapes and the good life to empire building and ethnicity. Separated from the first half by fifteen color plates comes the alphabetical guide (273-757), with just under five hundred entries (by over two hundred different contributors), for the most part provided with short bibliographies. The net is cast widely: select individuals and places, religions, languages, and material remains (for example, amphorae, ceramics, mosaics) are all covered, in the company of more general themes ranging from foodstuffs to literacy and spiritual direction. An index assists one to navigate. Only a few important topics seem to have eluded coverage (for example, apocalyptic literature, Samaritans, and the Septuagint come to mind). It is especially good to find the fringes of the Graeco-Roman world, often neglected, here well represented. A wonderfully instructive work and ideal for browsing.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a power grid model constructing method based on a distribution network automation system. The power grid model constructing method comprises the following steps of: receiving a main grid model from a main grid dispatch EMS (Enhanced Message Service) system; analyzing the main grid model to obtain a boundary equipment identification number of the main grid model; searching boundary equipment with the same identification number in a distribution network model of the distribution network automation system according to the boundary equipment identification number; and after searching the boundary equipment with the same identification number, taking the boundary equipment as a splicing point and splicing the main grid model and the distribution network model so as to obtain a power grid module. The embodiment of the invention further discloses a power grid model updating method based on the distribution network automation system, a power grid model constructing device based on the distribution network automation system, and a power grid model updating device based on the distribution network automation system. With the adoption of the embodiment of the invention, the complexity of the distribution network automation system is reduced, and the constructing efficiency and the updating efficiency of the power grid model are improved.


Four tunnel junction (TJ) designs for multijunction (MJ) solar cells under high concentration are studied to determine the peak tunnelling current and resistance change as a function of the doping concentration. These four TJ designs are: AlGaAs/AlGaAs, GaAs/GaAs, AlGaAs/InGaP and AlGaAs/GaAs. Time‐dependent and time‐average methods are used to experimentally characterize the entire current–voltage profile of TJ mesa structures. Experimentally calibrated numerical models are used to determine the minimum doping concentration required for each TJ design to operate within a MJ solar cell up to 2000‐suns concentration. The AlGaAs/GaAs TJ design is found to require the least doping concentration to reach a resistance of <10−4 Ω cm2 followed by the GaAs/GaAs TJ and finally the AlGaAs/AlGaAs TJ. The AlGaAs/InGaP TJ is only able to obtain resistances of ≥5 × 10−4 Ω cm2 within the range of doping concentrations studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract This article explores the first-person narration and the ethics of alterity in Naipaul's story "Tell Me Who to Kill." It argues that readers are called upon to comprehend the emerging alterity in their encounter with the racial other; on the other hand, the textual recalcitrance immanent to the unreliable first-person narration precludes the possibility of readers' arriving at the alterity of the other and thus keeps alive the uncanny otherness. Given the two-fold reading effect, readers are invited to develop sympathy on the story level, and at the same time to identify the ethical import that underpins its textual construct on the narrative level.


Two recent studies of Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY) are of interest to pediatricians.

The first study examined the changing prevalence of the syndrome. In population studies from the 1960s and 1970s, the three sex chromosome trisomies (XYY, XXY, and XXX) had similar prevalence, about 1 per 1000 same-sex births. Recently, increased prevalence has been noted for Klinefelter …


Diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by core needle biopsy showed a high rate of underestimation of invasiveness, and performing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in DCIS patients was controversial.


https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2022.58.1.59 C Chonnam Medical Journal, 2022 Chonnam Med J 2022;58:59-60 Corresponding Author: Hyung Ki Jeong Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan 54538, Korea Tel: +82-63-859-2526, Fax: +82-63-852-8480, E-mail: email@example.com Article History: Received April 21, 2021 Revised April 26, 2021 Accepted April 27, 2021 FIG. 1. (A) Electrocardiography (ECG) documented by Apple watch (Apple Inc, Cupertino, CA, USA). It demonstrated regular narrow QRS tachycardia, heart rates 240 beats per minutes. (B) A twelve leads ECG of the regular narrow QRS tachycardia which was induced during electrophysiologic study. It demonstrated long RP interval with cycle length of 310 ms. Supraventricular Tachycardia Detected by Smart Watch


The introduction of this bachelor's thesis presents the protection of information systems in banking and explanation of important terms. In the following part, the thesis particularize the most common threats and programms, which can be used to endanger the security of banking sector. In the practical part, the thesis looks more into the security of important banks in Slovakia. The conclusion focuses on authentization and authorisation through the use of biometric systems.


Results of paper cleaning by means of the 532 nm Nd:YAG laser (pulse length 6 ns, fluency 0.3-0.6 J/cm2) are reported and discussed. Results of the surface cleaning of the paper samples originating among others from the two oldest Polish Bibles (XVI c.) are examined by the SEM technique after laser processing. For the process diagnostic the LIF spectra of paper samples recorded under excitation at 266 nm and 532 nm before and after processing are analysed and spectra of the non-contaminated samples are taken for reference. The presence of contamination and also cleaning history is evidenced in the recorded spectra. Comparison of SEM images and also the spectral characteristics of the originally contaminated samples before and after laser treatment confirm results of the laser cleaning.


We experimentally demonstrate a new all-optical approach to generating macroscopic degrees of field-free molecular orientation. We combine a one-color ($\omega$) and a two-color ($\omega + 2\omega$) non-resonant femtosecond laser pulses to orient the molecules and probe the oriented wave-packet dynamics by high-harmonic generation (HHG). We achieve a degree of orientation of 65%, improving previous field-free results by a factor of 3 and the relative intensity of even harmonics by a factor of 9. This progress allows us to identify a shape resonance in the spectrum of the even harmonics emitted from CO molecules and the signature of a sub-cycle Stark effect. We further show that the present technique for orientation relies solely on the hyperpolarizability interaction as opposed to an ionization-depletion mechanism. These developments make macroscopic orientation available to attosecond science and other techniques relying on charged-particle detection.


It is for the first time that the clinical picture, diagnosis and outcomes of surgical treatment of bone chondroblastoma in children (85 patients, aged 816) are described in native literature. Pathological focus was localized in the epiphysis and metaepiphysis of long bone predominantly. Clinical manifestations were pain syndrome, restriction of movement and development of contracture in the adjacent joint. Typical radiological signs included excentrically located osteolytic locus of destruction with speckled inclusions and clear contour. The locus was separated by sclerosis line and periostal stratums were present in the distance from the locus. CT, MRT and angiographic examination enabled to determine the destructive locus at early stages of its development and to differentiate with other tumors, inflammatory diseases and dystrophic processes. In all cases diagnosis was verified morphologically. All patients underwent surgery. In the majority of cases periarticular subchondral resection with cavity electrocoagulation and alloplasty of the defect was performed. In case of articular cartilage destruction intracapsular marginal or segmental resection followed by allo- or autoplasty of the defect was carried out. Recurrences were observed in 8,2%) of cases. In 8 patients shortening or deformity of limb developed as a result of growth zone damaged caused by pathological process and surgical intervention. Those problems were eliminated by additional surgery.


Subsequently to the publication of the above article, the authors have realized that Fig. 4E in their paper contained errors. The image selected to represent the experiment showing the UM‑UC‑3 cells of the siE2F3 group (0 h) was chosen incorrectly during the figure compilation process. A corrected version of Fig. 4 is shown opposite. Note that this error affected neither the interpretation of the data nor the reported conclusions of this work, and all the authors agree to this Corrigendum. The authors apologize to the Editor and the readership of the Journal for this unintentional error, and for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Oncology Reports 36: 1293‑1300, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4923].


The effect of Bt-cotton, i.e. genetically modified cotton that contain genes expressing delta-endotoxin, on aphid, whitefly, chrysopid and coccinellid populations was determined with a two-year field study at a cotton farm near Marble Hall, South Africa. Although Bt-cotton is lepidopteran specific, non-lepidopteran arthropod populations may be indirectly influenced by the endotoxin. Abundance of aphid, whitefly, chrysopid and coccinellid populations and predator-prey interactions were used as measures to determine possible effects on the populations under investigation. The cultivation of Bt-cotton had no effect on aphid, whitefly, chrysopid or coccinellid abundance. Positive density dependent interactions occurred between aphids and coccinellids which were not influenced by Bt-cotton. A significant relationship between whitefly and coccinellid abundance, i.e. predator-prey reaction, occurred in the control and sprayed non-Bt cotton fields but was absent from the Bt-cotton fields.


This note describes three demonstrations that can be used to introduce projectile motion. They are simple to conduct, are fun for the students, and require their participation at all stages. There is no lack of student volunteers for these demonstrations.


The paper introduced multi-objective elevator group control algorithm,and established hardware platform,also made use of neuron C emulating the algorithm.finally,the feasibility of the emulation result was verified.


Since the beginning of the 1990s, the USA has – for the first time since the end of World War II – held the "leadership" in the growth dynamic of the "Triad": between 1991 and 1996, the USA's GDP grew at a yearly rate of 2.9 percent – almost twice as quickly as Europe's (+1.6 percent). Economic growth over this period was weakest in the country which had shown the greatest economic vitality over the long-term: total output in Japan grew at a rate of only 1.2 percent p.a. between 1991 and 1996.


Skull recognition system based on embedded hidden Markov model (EHMM) has been developed. The coefficients of two dimensional discrete cosine transform (2DDCT) are used to construct an efficient set of observation vectors. Different from previous systems that were only capable of operating on frontal skull images, the EHMM method presented here, making use of the information of skull shape and holistic structure, reflects the relation of adjacent organs and reduces the sensitivity to the skull deflection. Experiments are carried out on a database of 480 different skull images, which consists of 12 different head orientations, performed by 40 individuals. The recognition accuracy is 93.3%, which proves that this method is robust against the variation of skull orientation.


Drip irrigation offers excellent method for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions where innovative and efficient of such irrigation technology can be used to improve water and nutrient management. The objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects between two irrigation methods namely, surface drip irrigation (SUR) and subsurface drip irrigation (SUB) and three N fertilizer rates (160, 220 and 280 kg ha −1 ) on soil N distribution, crop N uptake, total biomass production, water use efficiency (WUE) and N use efficiency (NUE) of tomato grown on sandy soil. Tomato fruit yield appears to be mainly driven by soil moisture, nutrient distribution in the root zone and N application rate. Surface drip induces more water losses primarily in the upper soil layer, which exposed directly to the evaporation components. However, subsurface drip initially resulted in higher soil water content in the active part of root zone and maintained favorable growth conditions for tomato growth. For both drip irrigation methods, ammonium dominated close to the drip line at all times with low concentrations near the edges of the wetted zone. In contrast to ammonium, a uniform distribution of nitrate was found around the drip line after each fertigation with more even distribution under subsurface drip system. The average total fruit yield was significantly higher in subsurface drip (52.23 t ha −1 ) over surface drip (45.74 t ha −1 ), which accounted for 14.2% yield increase. Moreover, increasing N supply consistently increased tomato yields and N uptake benefits where N rate of 280 kg ha −1 result in higher fruit and shoot biomass. Nitrogen use efficiency for subsurface drip was significantly higher (240 kg yield kg −1 N) than for the conventional surface drip (209 kg yield kg −1 N) but reduced significantly under both drip irrigation methods with increasing N rate because of differences in total N inputs. Water use efficiency was also higher under subsurface drip and maximum value was obtained with the highest N rate. These results suggested that subsurface drip provides effective way to supply water and nutrients directly in the root zone and contribute immensely towards improving crop yield as well as water and nitrogen use efficiency.


Now the most popular translated versions of A Dream of Red Mansions are the two full versions translated by Yang Xianyi and David Hawkes.This paper analyzes the untranslatability of classical poems in the novel from the perspective of linguistic and cultural untranslatability by taking several translated English poems for examples.Meanwhile,in light of the phenomenon of untranslatability the author points out the compensation strategies in translating classical poems in the novel to remedy the loss of translated poems in target language.


Surfactants play a significant role and possess a widely application prospects in leather making. But with the developing of some advanced technologies,the crucial position of surfactants in leather making is threatened. The importance of surfactants used in leather making was confirmed by analyzing the applications of nanotechnology,supercritical technology and ultrasound in the procedures of leather making. Meanwhile the challenge from supercritical technology and ultrasound was also brought forward and the way for surfactant used in the procedures of leather making to reform was advised.


The support foot of an electric grill for the cooking of food Products comprises means of regulation of its height, comprising a first fixed foot portion suitable for rigid connection to the grill's body, and a second orientable foot portion suitable for supporting the grill on a support plane, the first and respectively second foot portions being hinged one to the other along a hinging axis tilted in relation to the support plane.


Abstract A need for a simple and effective direct treatment for fish in ponds and troughs has long been apparent among fish-culturists. A direct treatment not only would obviate all need for handling fish already weakened by disease but it could be used as a routine prophylaxis to eradicate diseases in their earliest stages long before their presence is suspected. The technique described in this article has been tested, both in the laboratory and at the producing hatchery, over a period of years, and has been found effective in eliminating infections by the common exoparasites and bacterial gill disease. In brief, the method consists in determining the quantity of water present in a pond or trough, stopping the inflowing water, and adding sufficient disinfectant-concentration. After one hour, the flow of water is resumed. If adequate precautions are exercised, the hateheryman can effectively control the common diseases of hatchery fish with no risk of injury to his stock.


We study $k$-clustering problems with lower bounds, including $k$-median and $k$-means clustering with lower bounds. In addition to the point set $P$ and the number of centers $k$, a $k$-clustering problem with (uniform) lower bounds gets a number $B$. The solution space is restricted to clusterings where every cluster has at least $B$ points. We demonstrate how to approximate $k$-median with lower bounds via a reduction to facility location with lower bounds, for which $O(1)$-approximation algorithms are known.
Then we propose a new constrained clustering problem with lower bounds where we allow points to be assigned multiple times (to different centers). This means that for every point, the clustering specifies a set of centers to which it is assigned. We call this clustering with weak lower bounds. We give an $8$-approximation for $k$-median clustering with weak lower bounds and an $O(1)$-approximation for $k$-means with weak lower bounds.
We conclude by showing that at a constant increase in the approximation factor, we can restrict the number of assignments of every point to $2$ (or, if we allow fractional assignments, to $1+\epsilon$). This also leads to the first bicritera approximation algorithm for $k$-means with (standard) lower bounds where bicriteria is interpreted in the sense that the lower bounds are violated by a constant factor.
All algorithms in this paper run in time that is polynomial in $n$ and $k$ (and d for the Euclidean variants considered).


BACKGROUND
As patients with diabetes continue to have greater problems with obesity, the need for more medications and higher doses of insulin has increased. Some patients are so insulin resistant that they require U-500 insulin.

QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
All insulins carry the risk of hypoglycemia. Despite being the most potent insulin available, the methodology for describing U-500 insulin administration varies. This paper examines the properties of U-500 insulin and suggests a unified method of defining how it is administered.

METHODS
A literature search for English language articles that reference U-500 insulin was performed. The 51 articles, and additional websites as applicable, were independently reviewed.

RESULTS
Now that U-500 insulin has a specific syringe and a pen, all patients who use this should be converted to one of these two devices. The insulin dose should be described as the number of units administered.

CONCLUSION
U-500 insulin is a potent formulation and carries the risk of hypoglycemia. A unified method of administration is now available, and the description of its use should reflect the number of units administered.


It is firstly pointed out in this paper that the soil consolidation process is characterized by S-shaped curve,which is similar to Verhulst model,also known as Logistic growth model.Then introduced systematically the origin of the Logistic model and its mathematical characteristics,parameters estimation of the model,the model verification,and the applicable conditions of the model.The Verhulst model is applied to the land subsidence process in Qingliang Primary School of Changzhou City.The prediction of the final land subsidence is given.It can be concluded here that the grey Verhulst model is one of the most feasible methods in land subsidence prediction,especially in predicting the deformation in the above,within and under Ⅱ aquifer layer in Changzhou aquifer system respectively.


This study presents the influence of the distance between the floats of catamaran for ship calm water resistance. As we know, a catamaran is composed by 2 floats, each floats has the own wave systems in calm water. The distance between these floats influence the phenomena that appears due to composition of the wave systems. The low value of the calm water resistance force is provided by the optimum distance of the floats. In this study, will used 3 different distances of the floats for the main speed of the ship. To estimate the ship resistance will be used RANS equations which provide a good fluid flow in turbulent models.


his paper is a case study presenting the process of management change in an organization of the hospitality industry and the impact on the organizational climate, the influence of organizational culture in this process and resulting changes on organizational strategy due the change in the management of the company. The text is intended to be used as teaching material for undergraduate and graduate students, and managers interested in analytical approaches to issues related to behavior and organizational culture. The teaching case was compiled from reports of the two managers involved and members of the organization who witnessed the transition of management consulting and institutional documents.


Abstract In this article, there are compared the types of opening structures in terms of their size and in terms of covering of opening structures with curtains or blinds. Two windows were used in the first case and three windows in the second case. In the third case, the window was divided into three parts, and in the fourth case, the window was divided into three parts covered with curtains. The size of opening structures in the first half of the room, near the windows, has the greatest impact on lighting. In the rear part of the room, the difference is not so great. If the windows are covered with curtains or blinds, the difference in room lighting is significant.


A procedure for the solution of inverse problem to assist gear engineering designers in the cases of the determination of the basic unknown geometry of bevel...


The reaction of 1,7-enynes, synthesised from α-amino acids, carried out with diazo compounds in the presence of the Cp*RuCl(cod) catalyst allowed the one-step preparation of various strained bicyclic pipecolic acid derivatives in good yields under mild conditions. The stereoselectivity of the created double bond depends on the nature of the diazoalkane, and the diastereoselectivity arises essentially from steric factors.


This article first presents the developments of Snapchat - famous for its disappearing images - from a video messaging tool to a social network and especially to a Live storytelling platform that involves the instantaneous and collective production of photos and short videos on an event curated by Snapchat. Citing Galloway's "interface effects," it is then argued that the crowd-sourced images created in the moment and the disappearing acts underneath them are conditioned by modes of emplacement marked by branding, datafication, and profiling. What kind of time- and place-based aesthetics emerge at the juncture of Snapchat's appearance and disappearance, movement and containment, storytelling and branding? And what are the implications for the user's position?


Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is caused by organizing throm‐ botic obstructions in the pulmonary arteries by nonresolving thromboemboli, formation of fibrosis and remodeling of pulmonary blood vessels. It is defined as precapillary PH as assessed by right heart catheterization (mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg with a pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, (PAOP) ≤ 15 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 3 wood units, in the presence of one or more mismatched segmental or larger perfusion defects by ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy, computerized tomogra‐ phy, and/or pulmonary angiography after at least 3 months of effective anticoagulation (Lang, 2010) (Table 1).


Summary 151 subfertile men presenting OAT‐syndrome were investigated in respect of an improvement of sperm parameters under therapy with tamoxifen, kallikrein and combined treatment of both drugs. After therapy with 30 mg tamoxifen per day (75 patients), a significant elevation of density and swelling test was seen. Medication with 600 IE kallikrein per day (36 patients) revealed only a slight improvement of motility. Also combined treatment of 30 mg tamoxifen with 600 IE kallikrein per day produced only an elevation of motility without any significant change of other sperm parameters.


This paper considers the rejection of fish as human food among various African peoples, its distribution and manifestations, its diffusion in historic and prehistoric times, and its possible origins. It is suggested that ultimately the avoidance may derive from the scorn pastoralists commonly exhibit for farmers and their life and ways.


Innovation, which constitutes an important factor for growth, strongly diversifies regions' level of development. To compare regional innovativeness of EU territories, we employ the data envelopmen...


Fast living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) was examined using the initiating system 1-(isobutoxy)ethyl acetate (1)/C2H5AlCl2 in the presence of various esters in hexane between 0°C and +40°C. Methyl chloroacetate as added ester turned out to be effective: the apparent polymerization rate constant k was larger by a factor of 400 – 500 than that in the presence of methyl acetate. The rate difference was explained on the basis of the basicity of the esters and their nucleophilic interaction with the propagating species. The polymers obtained in the presence of both esters had a narrow molecular-weight distribution (MWD) (Mw/Mn ≤ 1,1), and Mn was directly proportional to monomer conversion. As low reactive monomers, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl vinyl ether (SiVE) were polymerized under similar conditions. By selecting methyl chloroacetate as an additive, in the case of CEVE, fast living polymerization was achieved to give quantitative conversion within 10 min at 0°C; in the case of SiVE, polymers with a narrow MWD were obtained even at −20°C in high yield, whereas hardly any polymerization of SiVE occurred in the presence of methyl acetate.


In 'Interpretations' the editors invite scholars to explore and debate central issues or concepts encountered in the study of contemporary European history. Recent sections have dealt with 'political religion' (18:4) and political violence (14:1). Here, Andreas Wirsching discusses the changing relationship between labour, consumption and individuality in the twentieth century, Frank Trentmann comments on the difficulties of the term 'consumer society', and Andreas Wirsching has provided a final rejoinder.


The practice of open defecation is one of problems in sanitation and healthy hygienic behavior at Kelurahan Kauman Kidul's community Salatiga. Recorded 79 families that still practice open defecation. Acces to latrines, which reached 68,78% compounded by floods that began often occurs after the construction of toll road aggravate the sanitary condition at Kelurahan Kauman Kidul. Permenkes No. 3 In 2014 about Community Based on Total Sanitation ( STBM ) is an approach to changing behavior hygienic and sanitary through community empowerment by means of triggering. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of triggering methods on the behavior of open defecation  at Kauman Kidul's community Salatiga. This research uses a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test post-test design. The population in this research is Kauman Kidul communities that still practice open defecation  with a whole as samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. For analyzed is using univariate and bivariate by paired t test for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon test for abnormal distributed data with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the research showed that there was a significant differences in knowledge, attitudes and practices of the respondent about defecation behavior before and after the intervention method gets triggered with a p value less than 0.05. Therefore, this method is appropriate to proceed for areas where the population is still found practicing open defecation.


This study aimed to determine effectiveness of humor on stress in children with cancer. The research method is semi-pilot with structure of group pre-test and post-test. The population of study was all children with cancer. The present sample of children aged 7 to 9 years in Shohada and Mofid hospitals that 8 patients are available. Device used by research question - a verbal and visual stress symptoms in children and satires. Statistical analysis of data was performed by using t-test. Results showed no effect of humor on stress reduction for children with cancer, but due to changes in raw scores can be seen in some children, this can be attributed to limitations and problems during the study. Considering humor because changes in raw scores of children have been doing some research on different physical space recommended and also to overcome limitations of research, designing appropriate instruments to measure stress symptoms in children is recommended.


To his friends and colleagues, that Dean Louis H. Pollak would one day become a federal judge was inevitable. Fortunately, enough distinguished academicians have become judges to leave an imprint of excellence on our heritage of judicial opinions. But there is nothing inevitable about the accession of a Story, Frankfurter, Rutledge, Goodrich, Hastie, or Frank to a federal judgeship. Dean Pollak's inevitability flows not so much from his preeminent scholarship, or his laser-like mind, or his practical experience. Rather, the inevitability lies with that peculiar quality that is the essence of being judicial-a quality of which Lou Pollak is the quintessential expression. That quality, upon which the very survival of our legal system ultimately rests, is the capacity to reconcile conflicting interests and objectives in a fair and impartial manner, balancing thoughtful respect for tradition and precedent with sensitive appreciation for civilization's unwavering quest for the fulfillment of human dignity. For reasons of brevity, I refer to these qualities as judicial balance. For those who are privileged to exercise federal judicial power in the United States must appreciate that we live in a constitutional democratic society that has a commitment to remain free and to become a more open society. Many legal academicians fail appointment to the bench because their careers do not include practical experience or the opportunity to handle major public matters. But those who make it often bring the extra dimension that makes their legal opinions more incisive and that reveal "a long view of the law and its unfolding." What are these characteristics that make it so important to infuse our federal judiciary with a leaven of legal academicians who have combined an active life of teaching with other relevant experiences? We have every right to assume that our judges will be honest and intelligent. Only on few occasions have we been forced to be


Bizarre geometric figures have been identified recently within cells in vitro (1, 2). Visible under phase-contrast illumination, these complexes are called mosaic patterns. They have been observed in cultured cells derived from a variety of sources, including human oral epithelium, melanoma, and carcinoma of the lip (2), but have not been reported in fixed tissues. In a careful study of the morphologic characteristics of mosaic pattern cells, Rose and Cattoni (2) concluded that the figures were expressions of cell differentiation. The structural alterations which account for the patterns in the cells are unknown. One theory suggests that the designs reflect changes in the physiochemical state of the cytoplasm, the phase-white areas indicating a sol state and the phase-gray bars indicating a gel (2). Recently mosaic patterns were observed in cells of a primary culture derived from a human basal cell carcinoma. To investigate the basis for the patterning, particularly regarding the physiochemical state of the cytoplasm, I recorded alterations in the patterns with time, observed the movements of phase-dense particles within the cells, and examined the effect on the cells of colchicine, a drug which alters intracellular sol-gel relationships.


in the article, the authors consider the need to restore production in the range of shoes for children, including orthopedic, whose feet have pathological abnormalities taking into account anthropometric features. The authors have developed recommendations for the orthopedist and manufacturers of orthopedic shoes on its correct selection, taking into account pathological abnormalities, to ensure that the child has a healthy foot, eliminating the formation of pathological abnormalities. At the same time, the authors substantiate their concern about the reduction of social protection of families in Russia, whose children have pathological abnormalities, to provide them with free service from an orthopedic doctor in regional centers with mandatory payment by social bodies of municipal, regional and Federal branches of government of the costs of manufacturing medical, preventive shoes and corrective products that create comfortable conditions for the child's foot.


In 1919, Weed and McKibben, 1 experimenting with cats, first called attention to the fact that the cerebrospinal fluid pressure as well as the bulk of the brain could be reduced by the intravenous injection of various hypertonic solutions of electrolytes. The important observation was made that, within certain limits, the amount of fall in pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid is an index to the extent to which the volume of the brain has been reduced. In their experiments, they used sodium chlorid, sodium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate. They likewise noted a fall in pressure but not to such a marked degree after the intravenous injection of hypertonic crystalloids, such as glucose. It also was observed that the intravenous use of concentrated solutions of sodium chlorid was often followed by severe respiratory and cardiac disturbances. This was sometimes noted after the first few cubic centimeters had been injected, and was


In work features of adaptation of old believe communities in bogoborchesky policy of the Soviet state in collectivization in the late twenties the beginning of the 1930th are reflected, attempts of their fight against closing of cult buildings and the termination of old believe divine service practice are shown; on concrete documentary examples procedure of elimination of communities and transition of old believe currents to ways of preservation of religion traditional for them in the conditions of persecutions are considered.


Calligraphy art is a symbol of the culture of East Asia.The calligraphy history of East Asia embodied the cultural history of East Asia.In the ancient documents of China,Korea and Japan,it is recorded by the Chinese characters not only the common cultural characteristics,but also the course of the aesthetics of the common art-calligraphy.Since ancient times,the calligraphy art based on Chinese characters has been the unique cultural art characteristics of the Eastern-Asian civilization,which also be highly praised by the whole world.Calligraphy art is the bond of the cultural recognition of East Asia.With the effort of calligraphers from the countries and districts of East Asia in the past and present,the bond had been tremendously enhanced,which greatly and continuously contributed to the variety of and the bright individuality of the world culture.


The purpose of this study is to apply the Jigsaw teaching mode into the medical literature retrieval and discuss the effect of the new teaching one. According to the Jigsaw learning mode, the students are divided into expert and Jigsaw groups. Through segment allocation, discussion in the expert groups and presentation in the Jigsaw groups, students have more initiative and learn more with this method. The result is that Jigsaw is an effective cooperative learning mode and the students' learning enthusiasm and autonomous learning ability can be well promoted in the medical literature retrieval.


ABSTRACT KSK Group is an investment holding company engaged in insurance. KSK group was first established on February 16, in 2001. KSK Group is a state-owned company that is neighbor, Malaysia. The purpose of this scheme is to help insurance companies in distributing information to customers relating to the value of premiums, insurance policies through agent/broker related insurance and provide a sense of comfort and security to the insurance agent in the policy-making process is fast, easy and accurate calculation of premiums. Methodology to be used is the SDLC. Application programming e-Policy for the agent that is made has a back office. Application programming e-policy to the insurance agent on PT.Kurnia using PHP as the programming language, MySQL as database, server Apache XAMPP contained in the program and Macromedia Dreamweaver for web design. This system uses the method of testing black box testing and white box testing. The results achieved in this paper is an application program for the creation of e-policy on PT.Kurnia Insurance agent who can provide convenience to its users in making customer data collection, simplify reporting, and printing reports


Introduction: Thyroid hormone resistance (THR) is an end organ hyporesponsiveness in tissues. And systolic time interval index (Preejection period / Left ventricular ejection time) is a useful and alternative way to follow up metabolic and tissue effects of the thyroid hormone. Case presentation: A 72 year old male patient had been referred to Akdeniz University Endocrinology Division because of high thyroid hormone levels on routine scree- ning. He had elevated thyroid hormone levels accompa- nied with tachycardia. He had no hand fine tremor. His hypophyseal MRI had normal appearance. His thyroid autoantibody tests were in negative limits. His systolic time interval index was 0,185 (0.29-0.34) before treat- ment. He was evaluated as thyroid hormone resistance. After one month of methimazole treatment, his systolic time interval index increased up to 0,238. His TSH, free T4, free T3 levels were 26.59 μIU/mL (0.35-5.5), 0.89 ng/dL (0.89-1.76) and 3.05 pg/mL (2.3-4.2) respectively following treatment. And he had no longer tachycardia. Conclusion: Misdiagnosis of THR in clinics are common and it causes treatment failures in patients. And systolic time interval index measurement is also a reliable way to follow-up treatment of hyperthyroxinemia.


The criterion of concession period under the four conditions of shortening,extending,unchanged and invalid adjustment is proposed in order to make the government and project company share risk in infrastructural BOT projects.If NPVR(net present value ratio) exceeds the upper limit,the decision model is built for shortening concession period with the target of social welfare maximum.If the NPVR is under the lower limit,the decision model is built for extending concession period with the target of project company benefit maximum.Monte Carlo simulation is applied to a case for solution.Cumulative probability of realization of expected return is calculated and contrasted under different discount rate,so it proves the effectiveness of allocation of risk by the means of concession period adjustment when single price adjustment method is unsuitable.


The system of transfer payment is an importent means in the course of adjusting the economic development.In recent years,with the implement of fiscal deficit policy,it ffects the economic more strongerly.On one hand,it made a great contribution to the equity of areas.On the other hand,there are some defects,for example:First,because of excessive departments in the system,the speed of capital turnover is low;Second,the results of objects that supported by public finance are unsatisfied;Third,there are difficulties in getting the social fair aim.All these shortcomings has a close relation with the inadequacy of Transfer Payment System.In order to improve the efficiency,the essay poses some suggestions:Reforming fiscal means of income and expense;setting up the supervise system;Changing the scale?criterion and forms of distribute system;Using a new model of payment.


The Material Culture of the Bible: An Introduction, by Ferdinand E. Deist. Edited by Robert P. Carroll. The Biblical Seminar 70. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000. Pp. 348. $29.95 paper. Ferdinand Deist, who was Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Studies at the University of Stellenbosh in South Africa, died unexpectedly in July of 1997, leaving the manuscript of the book, which lacked a conclusion. Robert Carroll edited the manuscript and wrote the Foreword, but he also died unexpectedly in May of 2000. Philip R. Davies of the University of Sheffield brought the book to completion in May of 2000, chiefly editing ch. 7. Deist sought to establish a cultural framework within which to discuss biblical texts. Another goal was to wed interpretive methods in biblical research to anthropological constructions of "ancient Israel." His hope was that the contribution of anthropology to biblical exegesis might thus be interpreted and evaluated (p. 21). Deist sought to accomplish this by formalizing biblical scholars' cultural awareness of the Israelites. His method was to analyze biblical references to material culture in the light of an anthropological theory of culture. His method was emphatically not to analyze archaeological reports to deduce the material culture of ancient Israel and from that to infer the political organization, economics, and religion of the Israelites. Deist's explicitly stated first principle is that, since language is part of a culture, it is impossible for outsiders to grasp biblical speech forms and content without a systematic knowledge of the culture or cultures in question. Thus the interpreter of the Bible in whole or in part simply cannot do without knowledge of the material culture of the Bible or without a cultural framework in which to understand biblical utterances. Deist organized the work in nine chapters. Chapter 1, "Culture and Interpretation," engages in the debate on anthropological meanings of "culture" in general and of "biblical culture" in particular. Deist reminds the reader that in effect one constructs the culture of the Israelites as he or she studies it. On the other hand one may not simply fantasize about it either, but construct as best one can from the biblical text. The first issue one must deal with is whether the biblical text reflects the culture of an author projected back on earlier eras. Deist posits six reasons why the hypothesis of the "Persian fiction" fails to account for the narratives, and therefore why one may expect to find genuine memories from the twelfth to the eighth centuries B.C.E. embedded in the narratives. The remaining chapters can be summarized briefly. In ch. 2 Deist outlines five theories of culture, namely, the increasingly popular anthropological views: evolutionary (explaining change), structuralist (focused on languages and meaning), structural-- functionalist (stressing coherence), configurationalist (semantics and values), and ethnohistorical (folklore) approaches. Deist opts for a combination of configurationalist and evolutionary approaches to construct a culture of ancient Israel. Chapter 3, a brief essay on culture, language, and meaning contains Deist's theory of the relation of biblical meanings to biblical culture. Here he discusses linguistic meanings in terms of the cultures of the biblical authors, the structures of the Hebrew language, and inferred customs and values of those authors. Chapter 4, "Environment and Meaning," examines how Israel resorted to elements from the natural environment to construct the images, metaphors, and similes so dear to the exegete's "heart." Likewise ch. 5 on economy and meaning does the same for the socioeconomic world of the biblical writers. Chapter 6, devoted to technology and meaning, places at least six types of technology in the foreground of the biblical interpretation of language elements drawn from technology. Chapter 7, on social organization and meaning, briefly surveys and develops Israel's cultural descriptions in the Bible and sketches how this affects language about God. …


Stroke is the leading cause of death with over 5 million deaths worldwide each year. About 80% of strokes are ischemic strokes caused by blood clots. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPa) is the only FDA-approved drug to treat ischemic stroke with a wholesale price over $6000. tPa is now off patent although no biosimilar has been developed. The production of tPa is complicated by the 17 disulfide bonds that exist in correctly folded tPA. Here, we present an Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis platform for tPa expression and report conditions which resulted in the production of active tPa. While the activity is below that of commercially available tPa, this work demonstrates the potential of cell-free expression systems toward the production of future biosimilars. The E. coli-based cell-free system is increasingly becoming an attractive platform for low-cost biosimilar production due to recent developments which enable production from shelf-stable lyophilized reagents, the removal of endotoxins from the reagents to prevent the risk of endotoxic shock, and rapid on-demand production in hours.


Normal 0 14 false false false IT ZH-TW X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Botrytis bunch rot of grapes is mainly controlled by applying fungicides at three crop stages: the end of flowering (BBCH 68), bunch closure (BBCH 77) and the beginning of veraison (BBCH 81). The phenylpyrroles derivative fudioxonil is among the most effective fungicides registered to control Botrytis cinerea . Its effectiveness was investigated in relation to spray timing, fungicide resistance and defence responses of grapevine. Frequencies of B. cinerea strains which were resistant to fungicides were evaluated at harvest. The frequencies of resistant phenotypes were similar in all treatments except for a class of multidrug resistant strains (MDR 1) whose frequency increased after fudioxonil applications. None of the treatments tested induced defence responses in flowers/berries after fungicide application, suggesting that fudioxonil effectiveness was not related to a stimulation of plant defence processes. The standard program of three fungicide applications provided the best control of B. cinerea in the Champagne region in comparison with a single treatment of fudioxonil at any of the crop stages tested.


By using well-defined techniques under optimum conditions it is possible adequately to define the biochemical characteristics of typical A. seminis strains. A. seminis can be distinguished from Histophilus ovis on the latter's distinctive colony morphology, but it cannot be distinguished from Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans. These organisms, however, can be differentiated from Pasteurella haemolytica on serological grounds and the latter's greater pathogenicity for mice. It is appreciated, however, that intermediate forms occur which cannot as yet be satisfactorily allocated to any of the above-mentioned genera.


A mosquito uses a natural "microneedle" system called fascicle, with a large ratio of the length to the diameter and high flexibility and strength, to painlessly penetrate into human skin and suck blood. The strength of natural "microneedle" system has never problem in the penetrating process. A set of force measurement device with high precision of micro-Newton is designed to measure the insertion force to understand the penetrating process of mosquito fascicle into human skin. The measured results show that the penetrating force of mosquito fascicle into skin is approximately 16μN. In addition, it has also been found that after the mosquito fascicle tip penetrates into the surface of skin, the force of the mosquito's fascicle penetrating deeper into the skin will decrease as the insertion depth increase, and then levels out at a surprisingly low mean force (even almost be zero). While the insertion force of an artificial needle is 165mN, the force of the artificial needle penetrating deeper into the skin will continue to increase. The study on the insertion mechanism of the mosquito fascicle shows that the mosquito's micronano-structure fascicle and its amazing oscillation inserting skill make it easily penetrate into human skin with a surprising low force. The results are helpful for the optimum design of the microneedles and transdermal drug delivery system.


The invention relates to a power module (1) having a substrate (3), comprising a semiconductor component (2) which is disposed on the substrate (3), and with an electrically conductive lead frame (12) for electrically contacting the semiconductor device (2), wherein the wire carrier (12) is made of a material comprising a first metal having a first coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein the material from which the pipe carrier (12) is made additionally comprises another material which lower one compared to the first coefficient of thermal expansion having the second thermal expansion coefficient.


This volume provides an overview of Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) activism from the European perspective in nine chapters. It was in 1994 when Goh Chok Tong, a former Singaporean prime minister, put forward the proposal to institutionalise interactions between the European Union (EU) and Asia. Such a communication channel would better serve to create understanding and facilitate cooperation involving the two regions. In Chapter 1, entitled ASEM's Background and Rationale, Bart Gaens describes the origins of Asian-European collaboration. Indeed, nonparticipation would have meant a loss of competitiveness to the USA, which was already active there within the framework of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, as well as a voluntary relinquishment of any influence in this part of world. Regrettably, the author articulates EU strategy aimed at setting up closer relations with Asian countries in an unsystematic way. Chapter 2 focuses on ASEM as an Economy-oriented Partnership. Bart Gaens excessively analyses the instruments elaborated within the forum which were conducive to supporting commerce and industry. Although fruitful, the dealings have never been simple, bearing in mind the different attitudes Europeans and Asians have towards the ways and means of doing business. This discrepancy sharply manifested itself during the Asian Financial Crisis which struck in 1997. The long term results of the recession extorted certain reforms in the functioning of ASEM. The subsequent chapters track down the after-effects of this process. Chapter 3 is devoted to ASEM, Multilateralism and the Security Agenda. It explains the political environment in which ASEM operates. Timo Kivimäki explores the ASEM engagement in relation to traditional and non-traditional threats as well as the measures it can utilise to prevent and combat them. While assessing its pursuance of security, he asserts that despite the expected limitations, the


Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) causes excessive heart rate and orthostatic intolerance on standing. About 25% patients have refractory POTS. Saline infusions reduce improve quality of life in such patients. Intravenous albumin expands circulatory volume by increasing plasma oncotic pressure. Efficacy of albumin infusions in POTS has not been studied. Methods: To assess the efficacy of albumin infusions in refractory POTS we treated patients with weekly or biweekly intravenous infusions of either 5% albumin in normal saline (n=16) or normal saline alone (n=7) in this open label comparative study. Most patients had failed multiple treatments. Serial clinical evaluations with individual symptom scores were the primary outcome measure of efficacy. Results: Mean follow up was 2 years (range 4 weeks - 5 years). 14/16 patients on albumin and 4/7 patients on saline infusions improved. Significantly more patients (7 vs. 1) on albumin showed marked improvement from baseline with more prominent reduction in orthostatic heart rate (mean reduction 19 vs. 14 beats minute). Albumin was well tolerated. More patients on saline (3/7 vs. 2/16) discontinued infusions due to lack of efficacy. Some patients required a permanent venous catheter. Conclusions: Intravenous albumin infusions are well tolerated and more effective than normal saline in refractory POTS.


Specific primers are designed according to the DNA sequences of the gene encoding precursor protein of diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN) of silkworm (Bombyx mori) to amplifiy the genome DNA of Chinese wild silkworm (B. mandarina) and various strains of silkworm. A stable system fitting for amplifying the aimed gene from genomic DNA is determined. Using the system and program, the fifth instron of the PCR products of DH, PBAN and DH-PBAN is obtained and the third instron of the polymorphism of DH-PBAN gene is discovered.


Abstract: This article explores the role of individual cultural distance on income, using the genetic distance as a proxy for cultural distance. We show that cultural distance has heterogeneous predictive power. In particular, culturally distant individuals living in regions with other individuals from more trusting ancestries or less xenophobic ones are more likely to be economically successful. First generation migrants seem to be less likely to success the more culturally distant they are, but this effect vanishes as time spent in the USA increases. Our research challenges the static view that cultural differences are necessarily an obstacle to economic performance in the long-run. Our interpretation of the results is robust to the use of alternative measures for cultural distance.


ABSTRACT In this study, we examined potential influences of cultural and linguistic background on PPVT-4 performance in a community sample of preschool-age children from low-SES households. We did this by evaluating PPVT-4 item-level performance across African American and Hispanic children from low-income families. We compared PPVT-4 item-level performance for 332 Hispanic and African American children (Mage = 48 months) using Wald chi-square tests of independence. There were clinically significant differences in accuracy on 14 PPVT-4 test items with most favouring the African American group. We then looked at the relationship between African American English use and PPVT-4 scores for a subset of 113 African American children (Mage = 49.9 months). A correlational analysis with PPVT-4 standard scores and a dialect density measure (DDM) in narratives revealed no association between these measures. We concluded that there were potential cultural-linguistic biases in PPVT-4 items that were not explained by income alone for the young Hispanic children.


The shape of the last abdominal tergite and sternite was the best diagnostic character for determining the sex of adult alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), from both the eastern and western United States, and the Egyptian alfalfa weevil, H. bruneipennis (Boheman). Differences were observed also between the sexes of the eastern alfalfa weevil with regard to the elytral stripe, body size and proportions, position in which the front legs are held at rest, and manner of movement. Body size and proportions also differed significantly between the sexes in the western and Egyptian alfalfa weevils. Body proportions without regard to sex differed significantly among the 3 groups with proportions in the Egyptian alfalfa weevil intermediate between the eastern and western alfalfa weevils.


Abstract Background Physicians often do not provide adequate medication counseling. Purpose To develop and evaluate an educational program to improve physicians' assessment of adherence and their medication counseling skills, with attention to health literacy. Methods We compared internal medicine residents' confidence and counseling behaviors, measured by self-report at baseline and one month after participation in a two-hour interactive workshop. Results Fifty-four residents participated; 35 (65%) completed the follow-up survey. One month after training, residents reported improved confidence in assessing and counseling patients (p<0.001), including those with low health literacy (p<0.001). Residents also reported more frequent use of desirable behaviors, such as assessing patients' medication understanding and adherence barriers (p<0.05 for each), addressing costs when prescribing (p<0.01), suggesting adherence aids (p<0.01), and confirming patient understanding with teach-back (p<0.05). Conclusion A medication counseling workshop significantly improved residents' self-reported confidence and behaviors regarding medication counseling one month later.


Peter Schmeits researched the detection of substances that are toxic to immune cells by culturing different cell lines in plastic containers and exposing them to toxic and non-toxic substances for immune cells. He then measured the effects on the activation of all genes (roughly 22,000 messenger RNAs). This generated new insights into the substances' modes of action. Previous research has identified a group of twenty-five marker genes that can predict the toxicity of a substance for the immune system, which was confirmed in a new experiment using different substances. This alternative method may one day be replicated using animal studies.