Barton Kamen, M.D., Ph.D., passed away on September 27, 2012, at age 63 after his own courageous battle with cancer. Bart was a clinical professor of pediatrics and pharmacology, and former chief of the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology at the Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. He graduated from Case Western University and then was accepted in the M.D./Ph.D. program at Case Western University Medical School.

Figure 1.

Barton Kamen, 1948–2012

After graduating from Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Dr. Kamen came to Yale for his pediatric residency. I first met Bart when he came to my office in the Yale Pharmacology Department one day in 1978 and asked about joining the laboratory. After a few minutes, I realized that he was terribly bright and passionate about science, so I quickly offered him a position. His previous Ph.D. work had centered on folate-binding proteins, and his work in my laboratory at Yale broadened his interest in folate biochemistry. He made significant contributions over the years in both fields, and he has been widely sought after as a lecturer and consultant for his expertise in both areas. It was during this fellowship year that golf became another lifetime passion for him, and we often played nine holes at Yale early in the mornings before work.

After his fellowship, Bart accepted an assistant professor position with Bruce Camitta in Wisconsin. Three years later, he joined the faculty at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center where he was the Carl B. and Florence E. King Distinguished Professor of Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacology. At Southwestern, Bart and his colleagues demonstrated the functions and tissue and tumor distribution of the folate binding protein now known as FBPα. These studies have led to the trials of antibodies to this protein to treat ovarian cancer, as well as the use of folic acid linked to toxins to target and treat ovarian cancer.

After 18 years in Texas, Bart was recruited by William Hait, the director of the newly formed Cancer Institute of New Jersey and the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, in 1999 to build the pediatric hematology and oncology program. During the next 8 years, under his leadership, the faculty increased from three to nine members and the program became one of the premier pediatric hematology/oncology programs in the country.

Dr. Kamen and Dr. Peter Cole, one of his recruits, studied neurotoxicity from methotrexate. They showed that dextromethorphan, found in some cough medicines, and caffeine could reverse some types of methotrexate toxicity. This work in part led him to reinvestigate aminopterin as a more potent drug than methotrexate with less neurotoxicity. During this time, he also developed an interest in metronomic therapy and became one of the experts and proponents of this low-dose continuous therapy concept.

Bart received many awards for his research, including a Damon Runyon Walter Winchell Fellowship, a Scholar Award from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, and a Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Pharmacology Award. Bart also was an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor, the first pediatrician to be honored with this award.

His incredible energy and passion for science is reflected in more than 200 publications. He was the editor for the Journal of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, for which he often contributed thoughtful editorials—the last one dealing with his own disease [J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012;34:1]. From the time of his diagnosis in May 2011 until he required hospitalization in September, he continued working, playing golf, and dealt amazingly well with the side effects of treatments that unfortunately did not stop the progress of his disease.

An important colleague was his famous engineer brother Dean, with whom Bart worked on the development of the insulin pump. On other projects with Dean, he provided key biological insights. His other brother Mitchell is a talented musician, and his sister, Terri Kamen Schuler, is a successful businesswoman. His mother, Evelyn Kamen, lives in Boca Raton, Florida. His father, Jack, who died in 2008, was a well-known artist and illustrator for comics.

Bart's motivation as a physician scientist was focused on finding better treatment for his patients. He used magic tricks to break down their fears, and he became their friend for life. Nothing pleased him more than to see a patient he treated years ago return, cured of his or her disease. We miss Bart's bad jokes, his "out-of-the-box thinking," and his passion for science, which was second only to his love and caring for his wife, Ruth, and his daughter, Libby.


Fictions in Science: Philosophical Essays on Modeling and Idealization Mauricio Suarez(Ed .) New York, Routledge, 2009 viii + 282 pp., ISBN 9780415990356, US$118.00, £85.00 (hardback) One trend in ...


In order to study the permeability characteristics of heavy metal ions contaminated red clay and explore the rapid detection of permeability of heavy metal contaminated red clay. Through variable-head permeability test and electrical resistivity test (different voltages and methods), the effects of Cu concentration and initial water content on hydraulic conductivity characteristic and resistivity of contaminated red clay was systematically investigated. The relationship between permeability characteristic and electrical resistivity was further explored by taking Cu concentration and moisture content as the intermediate variable. The obtained results indicate that the different voltage has no obvious effect on the resistivity of the samples. The four-phase electrode method is more accurate than the two-phase electrode method. With increasing Cu concentrations the hydraulic conductivity of specimens increases, however the permeability coefficient of contaminated soil decreases with increasing initial water content. In the resistivity test, with increasing of Cu concentrations and water content, the resistivity of samples presented a downward trend, which is decreased sharply at first and then tended to be gentle. The relationship between hydraulic conductivity and resistivity of contaminated soil showed a good fitting curve no matter in different Cu concentration or in different water content, but the fitting curves of them presented opposite trend.


The bond graph approach is proposed to obtain a passivity-based controller for the stabilization of the average bond graph model of the boost converter. A damping injection is introduced in order to achieve asymptotic stability. The performance of the proposed controller obtained from the passivity-based model is tested through computer simulation.


Like the newly rich the world over, the Japanese like to pause now and then to reflect on the secrets of their own success. Most attribute their wealth to old-fashioned hard work. Others, looking deeper, try to explain their legendary work ethic in terms of Japan's culture, values, or religion. The president of TDK (Tokyo Denki Kagakukogy6 Company), for example, boasts that the inspiration behind his company, one of the most successful in Japan, is Buddhism. "Making a profit is important, of course, but it is not the ultimate goal. Character building is much more important. At TDK we attach great importance to discovering the meaning of work. As far as valuing relationships goes, it seems to me, Japan is second to none. And at the bottom of this lies Buddhism."' Now, it is probably natural for wealthy business men to attribute their good fortune to their own religion and virtue. But scholars have taken the same tack. Max Weber and his school, for example, have been interested in the religious and moral background behind the


Through a conventional ceramic process, Y2O3 and Sb2O3 co-doped ZnO-based varistors were prepared. The microstructure and electrical properties of the as-prepared varistors were investigated. Y2O3 could act as an inhibitor to the growth of ZnO grains when working with Sb2O3. The mean size of ZnO grains in the Sb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped samples was smaller than those of the samples only added with Y2O3 or Sb2O3. And with appropriately increased ratio of Y:Sb, it would result in increased sample densification. When the doping level of Y2O3 was small, the nonlinear coefficientand breakdown voltage of the varistors would increase with increasing doping amounts of Y2O3, and the leakage current would decrease. However, when Y2O3 was doped without Sb2O3, both the nonlinear coefficientand breakdown voltage of the varistors would decrease sharply, thus the leakage current increase dramatically. The electrical properties of the Sb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped varistors would be better than those of the samples only added with Y2O3 or Sb2O3, and when the Y:Sb atom ratio was 5, the nonlinear coefficients, breakdown voltages and leakage current of the varistors reached their optimum values of 777 V/mm, 23 and 0.17 mA/cm2, respectively.


Incidents of bioterrorism that have occurred over the past decade have demonstrated a need to understand the transmission and exposure risks of daily activities to potential biological agents (NATO, 2005; de Armond, 2002; Block, 2001). Based on experience since September 11, 2001, the mail has become a significant means of bioagent dispersion. This chapter seeks to further advance our understanding of fluid and aerosol dynamic processes of exposures resulting from dust lying on the surface of a letter or a table being resuspended by air flow, (Richmond-Bryant, et al., 2006). Transmission of aerosols from an unfolded letter, (Duncan et al., 2009), is dependent on the motion of the air in the environment in which the letter resides (Dull et al., 2002). The primary source of fluid motion in most buildings is the heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) system. Several reports suggest that numerous pathogens may survive such airborne transport (e.g., Nardell et al., 1986; Mangili and Gendreau, 2005). Others show how contaminants can be dispersed into the indoor environment (e.g., reviews by Wallace, 1996, and Nazaroff, 2004; Price, et al., 2009; Reshetin & Regens, 2003; Reshetin & Regens, 2004). These reviews and many papers cited therein show that indoor particle transport is subject to complex interactions of dispersion, deposition, and resuspension. Understanding these processes is predicated on understanding the interaction between turbulent airflow and particles. Rooms often have complex geometries that result in extremely complex turbulence because of flow phenomena such as flow separation, recirculation, and buoyancy (Posner et al., 2003; Rim and Novoselac, 2009). Contamination and exposure resulting from a localized source such as a contaminated letter has received some recent attention. (Agranovski et al., 2005; Ho et al., 1993; Ho et al., 2005; Kornikakis et al., 2001; Kornikakis eta l., 2009; Kornikakis et al., 2010; Lien et al., 2010). In many offices, outlets from the HVAC system are positioned in the ceiling and often generate a substantial downward blowing of air, (Nardell, et al., 1986). Ceiling fans can have a similar effect. This airflow will almost certainly incorporate flow separation and recirculation zones. Advancing the understanding of dispersion of particulate contaminants under such complex conditions can provide useful input for decontamination efforts


Bed-rock mark is influenced by Ground water in common.It is main cause that the water level change leads to the effective stress change indirectly.It makes the bed-rock mark deformed finally.The deformation volume is related with water unit weight,water level change and bed-rocks deformation modulus.It is calculated the water level to steal pipe marks deformation volume.


Justice reform in developing countries is one of the most important priorities of international economic organizations. That purpose is frequently followed by setting up new institutions beyond national authorities, in order to prevent the latter from interfere with the functions of the previous. Theories linking economic growth and rule of law models offer legitimization to the legal transplants, officially at the aim to meet the international standards. Some experiences – such as the Cambodian case considered in the following pages – highlights, however, that this connection is often unbalanced and the new model's regulation seeks more a productive increase than better justice in the field of fundamental rights.


The learning of English tenses and verbs is obviously the major and challenging part of second language learning and acquisition for Chinese students. The paper analyzes the features of simple present tense, simple past tense and verbs in them from the aspect of Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk's student grammar book as an instructive example. It is suggested that, it be meaningful and practical if the grammar rules are reflected rather in sentences or contexts than in the formula. Some possible pedagogical activities and materials are recommended to make tedious grammar learning and teaching more understandable and interesting.


† Background and Aims Many physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration can be strongly influenced by the diurnal patterns of within-tree water potential. Despite numerous experiments showing the effect of water potential on fruit-tree development and growth, there are very few models combining carbohydrate allocation with water transport. The aim of this work was to include a xylem circuit into the functional–structural L-PEACH model. † Methods The xylem modelling was based on an electrical circuit analogy and the Hagen–Poisseuille law for hydraulic conductance. Sub-models for leaf transpiration, soil water potential and the soil –plant interface were also incorporated to provide the driving force and pathway for water flow. The model was assessed by comparing model outputs to field measurements and published knowledge. † Key Results The model was able to simulate both the water uptake over a season and the effect of different irrigation treatments on tree development, growth and fruit yield. † Conclusions This work opens the way to a new field of modelling where complex interactions between water transport, carbohydrate allocation and physiological functions can be simulated at the organ level and describe functioning and behaviour at the tree scale.


Mechatronic systems are a synergy of mechanical and software components. System behaviour is dependent on the software interaction with non-software components and therefore both aspects need to be considered in system design. 3D UML Mechatronic Diagrams use a 3D model of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) to integrate a software model view with a mechanical view to aid in the understanding of the system as a whole. We present the results of implementing 3D UML Mechatronic Diagrams for real-time debugging of robot behaviour through augmented reality.


The renormalization group approach and the operator product expansion technique are applied to the model of a tracer field advected by the Navier-Stokes velocity ensemble for a compressible fluid. The model is considered in the vicinity of the specific space dimension $d=4$. The properties of the equal-time structure functions are investigated. The multifractal behaviour of various correlation functions is established. All calculations are performed in the leading one-loop approximation.


In this paper, we study the subsonic cold jet noise using the azimuthal decomposition technique (ADT). The results of measurement of correlations for jet noise azimuthal components are reported. It is shown that the correlations for tone-excited jet strongly differ from those for unexcited jet; for example, an unexpectedly high value of correlation for tone-excited jet noise azimuthal components has been obtained for observation angles close to 90o to the jet axis. This behavior of the correlation renders it quite promising for the jet noise mechanism identification and source localization. An analytical model based on qudrupole source distribution is proposed for description of the correlations for unexited jet noise azimuthal components and its applicability is validated experimentally. I. Introduction t present the process of noise generation by turbulent subsonic cold jets is thought to be related with different mechanisms: fine-scale turbulence (Refs. 1 and 2), eigen-oscillations of large-scale vortex structures (Ref. 3), instability waves (Refs. 4 and 5) etc. Identification of these mechanisms in the process of jet noise generation and assessment of their contribution to the total noise is an important task. To achieve this on the basis of the measurements of only far-field total noise directivity is difficult, however. The azimuthal decomposition of the far field noise allows us to obtain more detailed characteristics of the sound sources; the previous studies (Refs. 3 and 6) on modeling the azimuthal components show that the observed experimental data for cold subsonic jet noise can be explained if both large-scale vortex structures (vortex rings) and fine-scale turbulence (modeled as moving point quadrupoles) are accounted for as sound sources, the vortex rings' contribution to the total noise being about 40%. An excellent collapse of the modeling and experimental curves has been observed, which evinces that this is a plausible framework to model turbulent cold subsonic jet noise. To further validate this model and get new insights into the structure of the sound sources, the analysis has been expanded to include correlation characteristics of the azimuthal components. In Ref. 7 the first results of correlation measurements of azimuthal harmonics for unexcited cold subsonic jets (i.e. the correlation between the simultaneous measurements for the same azimuthal mode at two different points) have been reported that experimentally verify the absence of correlation between different modes, which is what should be expected from the theoretical considerations (azimuthal components are orthogonal). A The cross-correlation curve for tone excited jet has characteristic peculiarities, albeit it is generally similar in shape to the unexcited jet curve. These curves demonstrate that the large-scale structure sound radiation is concentrated in the region at the right angle to the jet, because in this region the cross-correlation curve for the tone excited jet is significantly higher than the curve for the unexcited jet. This property of the curve is somewhat unexpected from the general view that large-scale structures in jet radiate in the downstream direction, whereas at the right angle to the jet direction it is so-called fine scale turbulence that radiates. In Ref. 7 the spatial correlations of the azimuthal components have been obtained, but no attempt has been made to propose a theoretical model to explain the observed spatial correlation curves. Such an attempt is made in the present work. The sound sources are modeled as a distribution of moving point quadrupoles. The results of modeling are compared with the results of measurements of cross-correlation function for the far sound field of unexcited cold jet with velocity 120 m/s. The comparison is performed for the zeroth harmonics a0 in two frequency bands 600. II. Experimental Setup


Time exists in us, and our self exists in time. Our self is affected and shaped by time to the point that a better understanding of the former can aid the understanding of the latter. Psychoanalysis works through self and time, where the self is composed of the biopsychosocial history (the past) of the individual and able to map a trajectory for the future. The psychoanalytic relationship starts from a "measurement": an active process able to alter the system being measured—the self—continuously built over time. This manuscript, starts from the philosophical and scientific tradition of a proximity between time and self, suggesting a neural overlapping at the Default Network. A historical and scientific background will be introduced, proposing a multidisciplinary dimension that has characterized the birth of psychoanalysis (its past), influencing its present and future in the dialogue with physics and neuroscience. After a historical scientific introduction, a neural entanglement between past and future at the Default Network level will be proposed, tracing a link with the self at the level of this network. This hypothesis will be supported by studies in cognitive neurosciences and functional neuroimaging which have used the resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The ontogenetic development of time perception will be discussed, consistent with self-development and the Default Network's function. The most common form of dementia, the Alzheimer's Disease, in which the perception of time is brutally impaired together with a loss of the self's functions will be proposed to support this idea. Finally, the potential theoretical and clinical significance for psychoanalysis and psychodynamic neurosciences, will be discussed.


This paper presents an explorative case study of the generation of supposed Digital Natives in the Danish Køge Municipality who are neverthe-less overrepresented among those who contact the municipality's Citizen Service in person, instead of using available public sector online self-service (PSOS-S) solutions. Our purpose is to suggest a more nuanced and user-centred approach to PSOS-S and to investigate the complexities this may entail. Key findings include the need to increase the knowledge of PSOS-S, the central, if ambiguous, roles played by parents, and the need to structure and present online information in a way more accessible to Digital Natives, reflecting their particular needs and behaviour.


In recent years, several investigations of the medical clowning profession have appeared in the literature. However, few studies have focused on factors associated with turnover among medical clowns early in their careers. The current study examined whether individual differences in humor disposition predicted turnover behavior. Participants were 111 medical clowns in a three-phase longitudinal study. Humor disposition was measured in the first week of their training, clowns' job satisfaction two months later, and turnover six months after that. Results showed that humor appreciation decreased actual turnover through the mediating role of job satisfaction, whereas individual differences in humor creation directly decreased turnover. In addition, previous traumatic experiences moderated the associations between humor appreciation and turnover. Overall, our research findings support the notion that humor disposition can help predict which clowns remain in the hospital.


The legacy system use by HM Beauty House salon today is a semi-manual system and yet raises problems to the salon in managing their customer's beauty treatment appointment. Therefore, to prevail over the problems, an online system namely Sistem Temujanji Salun Kecantikan HM Beauty House Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Pengaturcaraan Linear is developed. The decision support system adapt Linear Programming technique as the model in the system in which mechanically produce suggestion time to customers and thoroughly overcome the problems that salon faces by the automation of appointment process without waiting the confirmation response from the salon itself. The use of object oriented approach and incremental development model in developing the system, it deals with the appointment management comprises customer enrollment, suggestion time selection, reservation, and payment. The system also has the coverage for treatment, staff, and calendar management records with the addition of reservationr eport viewing for administrationo f the system. The ASP.NET 2.0 technology that is use as the web development platform of the system is anticipated in effrciency of the appointment management for the salon.


Torsional wave propagation in carbon nanotube bundle structures has been analyzed with Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory. Governing equation of motion of carbon nanotube bundles have been derived. Phase and group velocity relations have been obtained. Elastic medium has been considered as a matrix material between the nanotubes. E ect of nonlocal stress and strain gradient parameters and sti ness of elastic medium to the torsional wave frequency and phase and group velocities have been investigated. Present results could be useful in designing of composite materials for vibration isolators.


The scope of this paper is to investigate the interconnection of the autonomous power system of Crete with the mainland power system of Greece focusing on its effects to the dynamic stability of the island. It is assumed here that a Voltage Source Converters high Voltage Direct Current (VSC - hVDC) technology is adopted for the interconnection. The power system is modeled using the DigSilent PowerFactory software package. The power system of Crete is modelled for a number of representative scenarios regarding load demand, renewable energy sources penetration and conventional generation loading. These scenarios are simulated under the presence of critical disturbances both in interconnected and autonomous operation in order to assess frequency and voltage stability. The results are compared in order to evaluate the effect of the hDVC interconnection and conclusions are drawn regarding the technical viability of the project.


In this paper, the numerical calculations of spatiotemporal characteristics of the charge transfer within solid insulating materials are performed by means of a two dimensional axisymmetric model. The solid dielectric material is supposed to be a non-ideal polyethylene. In this model, the continuity equations for fluxes of charge carriers are coupled with Poisson's equation for computing electric fields affected by temporal and spatial variations of space charges in the dielectric material. An efficient stabilized finite element method for solving of these equations is represented, which provides wiggle free solutions without introducing much artificial diffusion. It was seen that the conductivity under applied electric field decreases over time. The electric field shows higher effects on the net charge density at positions nearer to the anode and the density of the charged species are higher at positions close to the both electrodes. The dependence of the charge transfer process on the amplitude of the applied electric field, solid dielectric dimensions and temperature is analyzed. In order to verify the model, the obtained results are compared with the existing experimental and simulation data, whenever possible.


We have investigated software development for open distributed systems in order to make this development easier. Easier in the sense that software parts will be better reusable, more flexible and better maintainable. The hardest part is to address evolution of these systems because not all application requirements can be known in advance. In particular we have investigated the coordination aspects of open distributed systems. Coordination technology addresses the management of interaction of software agents in a distributed or parallel environment and, therefore, typically describes architectural aspects of a system. To reach the goal of easier software development we have applied a component oriented approach: generic coordination solutions are provided as generic architectures with black-box components. Applications are constructed using these architectures and composing and parameterizing these generic components. In this way we make the interaction part of a system reusable and flexible. The architecture of the system is also made clearer and therefore easier understandable. A prototype coordination framework and a set of sample applications that are representative for open distributed systems and that use this framework, have been developed in the concurrent object-oriented programming language Java. We show that, using our component-oriented approach, we gain reusability, flexibility and provide clear architectures of applications. A major problem, however, concerning the genericity of components, is the application dependent information that may be needed by a coordination solution: the genericity of the solution is strongly dependent on the possibility to separate this information from the generic solution. Preface This report is a result of the project I did to get my Master's Degree in Computing Science at the University of Groningen. The project was a perfect match between my interests in software engineering, object-orientation and my wanting to do a project " somewhere abroad " : it was a project in the area of component-oriented software development, carried out in the Software Composition Group of the University of Berne. First of all, I want to thank Professor Bron for supervising my work and for giving me the opportunity to do my project somewhere far away. And even there he managed to drop by to see how I was doing. Secondly I want to thank the people at the SCG. Of course, Professor Oscar Nierstrasz, head of the group, for giving me the opportunity to come to Berne and supervising me during the project. Juan Carlos Cruz, also supervising me, for the work …


The optical power PL required to achieve a given measure of inertial confinement ρR of a laser-compressed DT pellet is found to be approximately proportional to (ρR)2. This result is based on a model of self-regulating pellet ablation by hot electrons of the pellet corona that is relatively insensitive to the details of the pellet ablation process. To achieve values of ρR believed necessary in the application of laser fusion to commercial power production, 3 × 1015 W of optical power is found to be required, implying a total laser output aperture of 30 m2. (The same power requirement would appear to apply to pellet compression by charged-particle beams.) An estimate of the required laser-pulse energy WL, assuming corona-core decoupling to be the controlling limitation, is also given. In the application to commercial power production the required pulse energy is found to range from 70 kJ at 0.265 μm to 3 MJ at 10.6 μm.


Abstract : The surface roughness plays an important role in product quality and manufacturing process planning, which is also a technical requirement. The effects of turning process parameters on surface roughness have been analyzed. The main effects (independent parameters), quadratic effects (square of the independent variables), and interaction effects of the variables have been considered separately to build best subset of the model. Three different values of the feed, three values of the depth of cut, two different ty pes of cutting tools have been used to generate a total 18 readings in a single set. Three different types of work piece material have been used for the experimentation, which generates a total 54 readings of the data. After having the data from the experiments, output (surface roughness, Ra) of the test samples was taken on a Taylor Hobson made Talysurf surface roughness tester. To analyze the data set, statistical tool of MATLAB (Software) has been used to reduce the manipulation and help to arrive at proper improvement plan of the Manufacturing process & Techniques. Feed and depth of cut has a major effect on the surface roughness. Hypothesis testing was also done to check the goodness of fit of the data. A comparison between the observed and predicted data was made, which shows a close relationship..


Here 77* (X) denotes the integral homology of X; Zp denotes the integers mod p. Similar results to these have been obtained by M. Rueff [4] using Seifert's "Linking invariant" [5].2 C. T. C. Wall [7] has also studied a similar situation. Our methods have similarity to theirs, but use of the Bockstein spectral sequence instead of more conventional homology theories allows us to refine the results somewhat, bringing in Steenrod squares. I am endebted to Wall for his comments, and to Emery Thomas who pointed out Lemma 7, enabling me to sharpen my original version of Theorem 2.


We demonstrate efficient spin injection into GaAs across an Fe3O4 electrode. Spin polarization of electrons injected into a GaAs quantum well becomes significantly large below 120 K, reaching a value of 33% at 10 K. The large spin polarization is likely due to spin filtering effect across the insulating ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 layer at the interface. The results indicate that spin filtering effect across Fe3O4 is a very promising means to enhance the spin injection efficiency into semiconductors.


Mixed-Lead-oxides electrodeposited on Stainless steel from Ca 2+ , Ba +2 , Sr 2+ , Al 3+ and Mg 2+ containing Pb(NO 3 ) 2 aqueous electrolytes in the presence and absence of Ce(NO 3 ) 3 have been subjected to polarization in aqueous Sulphuric acid electrolytes,  with and without n-butanol, for their electrochemical characteristics in consequence of anodic processes realized on these electrodes. Steady state techniques have been employed for the purposes of determination of their electrochemical behaviour to get insight into nucleation and growth of mixed oxide deposits, oxygen evolution reactions and for the oxidation of simple alcohols and chemical stability of the anodes.


Scientific and Clinical Workflows.- An Ontology-Driven Framework for Data Transformation in Scientific Workflows.- PROVA: Rule-Based Java-Scripting for a Bioinformatics Semantic Web.- Process Based Data Logistics: a Solution for Clinical Integration Problems.- Ontologies and Taxonomies.- Domain-Specific Concepts and Ontological Reduction within a Data Dictionary Framework.- A Universal Character Model and Ontology of Defined Terms for Taxonomic Description.- On the Application of Formal Principles to Life Science Data: a Case Study in the Gene Ontology.- Indexing and Clustering.- Index-Driven XML Data Integration to Support Functional Genomics.- Heterogeneous Data Integration with the Consensus Clustering Formalism.- Integration Tools and Systems.- LinkSuiteTM: Formally Robust Ontology-Based Data and Information Integration.- BioDataServer: an Applied Molecular Biological Data Integration Service.- Columba: Multidimensional Data Integration of Protein Annotations.- Integration Techniques.- On the Integration of a Large Number of Life Science Web Databases.- Efficient Techniques to Explore and Rank Paths in Life Science Data Sources.- Links and Paths through Life Sciences Data Sources.- Pathway and Protein Interaction Data: from XML to FDM Database.


The aim of this study is to determine the environmental attitudes and sensitivity levels of the farmers in Torbali district by the New Environmental Paradigm. thirteen expressions are provided to the farmers and the their agreement degrees are obtained using likert scale. The environmental attitude of the farmers in the district is calculated as 3,62. The result shows that the farmers consider natural environment moderately. Factor analysis is used for the variables of the new environmental paradigm to determine the environmental attitudes of the farmers in the same groups. Four different groups were elicited regarding the environmental attitudes as "ecological balance", "environment and living things", "natural resources" and "nature". Factor analysis scores were used in the cluster analysis which refers to three different groups. 49,5 of the farmers were named as "sensitive", 21,5% "moderate" and 29% "less sensitive". Two different models were estimated for discerning the effects of the factors on the environmental attitudes. The more the farmers are educated, the more sensitive attitudes they have. Furthermore, the farmers having more land are more sensitive to the environment. Risk lover farmers are less sensitive to the environment.


Crops are subject to yield losses caused by the presence of pests whose species and population diversity are changing with climate warming. The use of agrochemicals is still the most effective method of plant protection against diseases and pests. However, the intensive use of pesticides in some EU countries makes it necessary to search for alternative methods that can be applied in plant protection for consumer and environmental safety. The aim of the study was the laboratory evaluation of the fungistatic effect of extracts of herbal plants occurring in natural state in Poland: horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) on selected polyphagic phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum coccodes and Fusarium oxysporum). In this study, 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations of herbal water-extract extracts were applied to evaluate their effects on linear growth of fungi and inhibition of their growth relative to control. Total content of polyphenols and flavonoids was assessed in the extracts using spectrophotometry, and their antioxidant activity by applying the synthetic DPPH radical. The plant extracts of tansy and yarrow leaves were characterized by a higher content of polyphenols and flavonoids compared to horseradish leaf extracts; they also had a higher antioxidant activity. Plant extracts inhibited the growth of fungi to a different extent, depending on the species of fungus, type of extract, its concentration and duration of action. The strongest fungistatic effect was recorded for tansy and yarrow extracts, while the weakest for the extract of horseradish leaves. Plant extracts showed the weakest effect against Botrytis cinerea, inhibiting the development of this fungus only during the first days of the experiment. The present research is a preliminary study that will be used in the further to develop a biological preparation for the protection of agricultural and horticultural plants against fungal pathogens.


Abstract We introduce a nonstandard arithmetic NQA− based on the theory developed by R. Chuaqui and P. Suppes in [2] (we will denote it by NQA+), with a weakened external open minimization schema. A finitary consistency proof for NQA− formalizable in PRA is presented. We also show interesting facts about the strength of the theories NQA−and NQA+; NQA−is mutually interpretable with IΔ0 + EXP, and on the other hand, NQA+interprets the theories IΣ1 and WKL0.


The use of biometric information has been known widely for both person identification and security application. Each person can be identified by the unique characteristics of one or more of person biometrics. One of the biometric characteristics of that a person can be identified by his voice. In this research, we are interested in studying the effect of proper features that are extracted from discrete wavelet transformation. The research illustrates the effect of using different percent of each level (instead of all features within each level) on speaker identification accuracy. Feed-forward Back propagation (BP) neural network and learning vector quantization (LVQ) are used as classifiers. The neural networks trained with feature extracted from different levels of discrete wavelet transform (one level at a time). It was found that level 3, 5 are the best levels to extract features. 50% of each level is enough for the recognition process, at which the recognition rate reaches 96% with BP NN neural network. The system was trained and tested using cross-validation.


The current diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus are controversial because they lack correlation to maternal and perinatal outcome. The results of the hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome (HAPO) study demonstrate a linear association between increasing levels of fasting, 1‐ and 2‐h plasma glucose post a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test to several significant outcome endpoints, such as birth weight above the 90th percentile, cord blood serum C‐peptide level above the 90th percentile, primary cesarean delivery, clinical neonatal hypoglycemia, premature delivery, shoulder dystocia or birth injury, intensive neonatal care admission, hyperbilirubinemia, and preeclampsia. A consensus report by the IADPSG, based on a vigorous assessment of the HAPO results and other studies, recommended an endorsement of risk‐based, internationally accepted criteria for the diagnosis and classification of diabetes in pregnancy. This review follows the steps from defining the problem to the endpoint of achieving a worldwide policy change.


Two dates have been suggested for this epigram which concerns Corinthians who have died in one war nor another. Rhys Carpenter 1 has attributed the epitaph to the Corinthians who may have helped Megara in the fighting against Athens for Salamis in Solon's time, c. 600 B.C. He also calls the reader's attention to the apparent absence of the two last lines of the epigram which until the examination of the stone by A. Boegehold 2 by many were held as deriving from a literary tradition concerning the Persian Wars 3. My own studies of the stone at the Epigraphical Museum in Athens have, however, confirmed Boegehold's observations that a hollow has been worn where two additional lines could have been written. As author of the text is mentioned Simonides in [Dio Chrysostomos] 37, 18, where the entire text is quoted. It must be admitted that it is at least Simonidean.


Objective To investigate cardiac structure and function in end-stage diabetic nephropathy(DN)patients,and analyze the associated factors.Methods Thirty-six DN patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD)(DN group)and 38 non-DN patients with ESRD(non-DN group)were enrolled.Blood pressure,biochemical parameters and echocardiography were measured.Results (1)The total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in DN group were significantly higher than those in non-DN group(P0.05),while diastolic blood pressure(DBP),serum albumin and creatinine were lower than those in non-DN group(P0.05).The patients in DN group showed a higher pulse pressure(PP)than that in non-DN group,nevertheless there was no marked difference between the two groups(P=0.080).(2)The left atrial diameter(LAD),interventricular septum diastolic thickness(IVSDT),left ventricular mass index(LVMI)and the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)were significantly higher in DN group than those in non-DN group(P0.05).Both groups showed decreased E/A.There was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction or E/A between the two groups.(3)LVMI correlated significantly positively with PP(r=0.346,P=0.003),LAD(r=0.365,P=0.002),IVSDT(r=0.581,P0.001),left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thickness(r=0.678,P0.001)and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(r=0.556,P0.001)while negatively with DBP(r=-0.237,P=0.048),hemoglobin(r=-0.309,P=0.023)and albumin(r=-0.465,P0.001).Conclusions End-stage DN patients display more significant left atrial enlargement and LVH than non-DN patients.Therefore,all kinds of cardiovascular risk factors should be controlled actively so as to regress the LVH.


Richard Murphet, The Rise and Fall of the VCA (Sydney: Currency House, Platform Paper 28, 2011)In his Platform Papers essay, former head of Drama at the Victorian College of the Arts, Richard Murphet, praises the founding principles laid out by the VCA's first director, Lenton Parr. Although Murphet does not detail this - indeed, the slightly inadequate referencing of Platform Papers means that I could not identify in what form the document Murphet draws on was distributed or published - Parr himself endorsed Jean Cocteau's 'call to order' (rappel a l'ordre). The excesses of avant-gardism proper were rejected in favour of a more humanist and community-building aesthetic. The links between the arts would become apparent through their social manifestation and their public role; through the manner in which sculptural decoration would be integral to the shaping of social life via architecture and design; and through the harmonious housing of civic functions and the performing arts within such structures as the nearby National Gallery of Victoria and the Victorian Arts Centre. Murphet is correct to see the linking of the arts as being central to Parr's vision of a metaphorical, almost operatic aesthetic harmony, but I demur somewhat at Murphet's association of this approach with today's inter-arts models. Parr did, after all, preside over a Sculpture Department focused on the plastic arts themselves.The VCA had its origins in the National Gallery's earlier Art School - incorrectly dated as having started in ?967' rather than 1867 (3). From 1972, Parr presided over a uniquely multidisciplinary institution. By 1979, the VCA's programme also included Music, Dance and Theatre. It is ironic that Parr's model of craft-specific, aestheticised modernism was becoming fully institutionalised just as the international trends of conceptualism and postmodernism were beginning to radically re-vision international arts and performance. The term 'performance art' arose as the VCA's Drama degree hit its stride. Murphet notes that the VCA employed a craft-based model, drawing heavily on psychological naturalism (Stanislavski and his successors), Peter Brook, and a liberal - but one suspects contained - dose of Grotowski. This history appears largely as a proem to Murphet's own discussion, though. His focus is the years from the late 1990s to the present, during which the College was significantly restructured, and amalgamated with the University of Melbourne.Murphet states that he hopes his essay will inform discussion on 'the place of arts training in a contemporary context', particularly where this occurs within 'higher-education institutions around the world' (6). Murphet, always a good writer, addresses these questions in a lively style throughout. The piece is as good a place as any to look for examples of how institutions have dealt with the challenges of administration, fiscal accountability in the context of economic rationalism, and the slippery, highly contested nature of arts education. Nevertheless, if one reads Murphet's text in isolation, it is hard not to conclude that whatever the merits of one kind of teaching or institutional structure versus another, the main decisions regarding the fate of the VCA have been, and will continue to be, made on the basis of resources, capital, economics and money. The pedagogic and aesthetic issues outlined above will be, and have been, largely sidelined, even in this account.This is part of Murphet's critique. While he nails his colours to the mast of the head of the VCA who appointed him, Andrea Hull, he is sympathetic to the first of her replacements, Kristy Edmunds. The latter's plan was to shift from the still quite discipline-specific, high modernist structures of Parr and his successors, to the more ecumenical model of Black Mountain College in the USA, which had itself moved from being fairly modernist, to being a champion of emergent post-modernist, conceptualist and minimalist ideas. …


Avoiding predation is an important factor in avian life-history strategies and there are many examples of adaptations that appear to decrease predation risk. However, we are not aware of any studies of structural morphological adaptations to reduce predation risk in any avian species. Here, we have compared published indices of relative predation risk for passerine species with two size-constrained measures of wingtip shape and relative hind limb morphology. Our analyses indicate that species with rounded wingtips and those with relatively short femora compared with tarsi are at a lower relative predation risk than those with more pointed wingtips and relatively longer femora. These relations are discussed in terms of the functional morphology of wingtip shape and hind limb morphology and suggestions for further experimental investigations are made.


The abnormal grain growth of β-Si3N4 was observed in a 70% Si3N4–30% barium aluminum silicate (70%-Si3N4–30%-BAS) self-reinforced composite that was pressureless-sintered at 1930°C; Si3N4 starting powders with a wide particle-size distribution were used. The addition of coarse Si3N4 powder encouraged the abnormal growth of β-Si3N4 grains, which allowed microstructural modification through control of the content and size distribution of β-Si3N4 nuclei. The mechanical response of different microstructures was characterized in terms of flexural strength, as well as indentation fracture resistance, at room temperature. The presence of even a small amount of abnormally grown β-Si3N4 grains improved the fracture toughness and minimized the variability in flexural strength.


Abstract: The study analyzes biodiversity, production and recovery processes in the natural oak-dominated forests in three protected areas in time span of four decades after the cessation of human impact. In each forest reserve, we established three permanent research plots of 0.5 ha, which were monitored regularly every 10 years. The obtained results confirmed an expected decrease of oak in all investigated areas, regardless of the level of past human intervention. Growth rates of oak stem density were negative in all reserves and ranged from -0.7% yr-1 (Kasivarova) to -2.1% yr-1 (Bujanov). A typical rotated-sigmoid diameter structure was confirmed during the whole observed period only in the reserve Boky. The moderate affected reserve (Kasivarova) showed a bimodal pattern and the most affected reserve (Bujanov) revealed the typical unimodal distribution. Considering spatial diversity, the recorded structure of investigated forests closely corresponds with the relative level of past intervention. In Boky, the most differentiated structure was reflected in the highest long-term mean stem density (890 ± 151 ha-1) and the lowest basal area and growing stock (36.5 ± 1.4 m2 ha-1 and 284 ± 22 m3 ha-1, respectively). The past-affected reserves reached higher values of basic stand parameters. In Kasivarova and Bujanov, the average basal area (36.5 and 44 m2 ha-1, respectively) and growing stock (284 and 518 m3 ha-1, respectively) correlated negatively with the level of structural heterogeneity, while the stem number revealed a positive correlation. We observed a continuous increase of deadwood volume and dead to live wood ratio. The recorded long-term volume of deadwood (43-128 m3 ha-1) and deadwood proportion (151-28%) tended to be higher in the past-affected reserves. The convergence towards the rotated-sigmoid distribution in both reserves with past human impact was recorded. Considering the vertical structure, the most dynamic changes were observed in the lower and middle layer. Moreover, the substitution of the light-demanding oak by shade-tolerant species (beech, hornbeam) was recorded. The intensity of substitution directly reflected the intensity of structure modification in the past. Our results suggest that the process of forest recovery and oak loss significantly depends on the level of past human intervention.


with the original chloride salts, and the deletion of several amino acids have been the principle formulation modifications in the nonessential/ essential amino acid (NEAA/EAA) products. The amino acids themselves, and to a great extent the branched chain amino acids [BCAA], have received considerable study. Much remains to be learned about their efficacy (safety and effectiveness) in renal failure (40% BCAA), liver failure (35% BCAA), high stress (45% BCAA), and pediatric formulations (ie, primarily the inclusion of amino acids that are essential to the


Background: Sleep is a natural phenomenon essential for rejuvenating the body, promoting good health, upholding memory, performance, and maintaining overall health. Its deprivation is linked to the increased health risk that leads to poor quality of life and negative socioeconomic consequences. While behavioral techniques, such as improving sleep hygiene, are typically the first-line of intervention, pharmaceutical drugs are frequently used as adjuncts. However, for most, besides being too expensive, the long-term use of these drugs is marred by their severe adverse side effects and crippling dependency. As a result, significant numbers of patients are always in search for a safe and efficacious alternative from natural sources. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the effects of UP165, a Zea mays (commonly known as corn) leaf extract standardized for 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone content, on sleep latency and sleep time in pentobarbital-induced mouse sleep model. The extract was orally administered at 250 mg/kg (low dose), 500 mg/kg (mid dose), and 1000 mg/kg (high dose) daily for 32 days. The immediate impact of the extract on sleep was also assessed. Results: Increases of 11.6 ± 0.2 (P = 0.008), 10.2 ± 2.4 (P = 0.022), and 10.5 ± 0.9 (P = 0.017) minutes in sleep time were observed for the 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg UP165 treated mice compared to vehicle control, respectively. Up to 67% sleep latency incidence was observed for mice treated with UP165 compared to the 20% in the vehicle control group. UP165 showed no immediate drowsiness effect. No differences in baseline and end of study bodyweight were observed between groups. Conclusion: UP165 could be used as an adjunct for a sleep disorder. Abbreviations used: UP165-Maizinol, 6-MBOA-6-methoxybenzoxazolinone, SAMe-S-Adenosyl Methionine, GABA-gamma-aminobutyric acid, SK2 channel-Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels.


With double the energy of our first generation battery, Powerwall 2 can power an average two-bedroom home for a full day.Introduced in October 2016, Powerwall 2 is a rechargeable lithium-ion batter...


Fakhr al-Din al-Razi is a great scholar who controls various branches of science, especially Islamic sciences. In almost every branch of science studied, he wrote one or more works which some of them became the main references, such as the book al-Mahsul fi 'Ilm al-Ushul and Tafsir al-Kabir Mafatih al-Ghaib. Although he was a follower and defender of the Shafi'i school in the field of fiqh and the Ash'ari school in the field of kalam, but his mastery of knowledge was so broad and deep and his critical thinking about various sciences actually demonstrated his capabilities as a mujtahid. His main work in the field of ushul fiqh, namely al-Mahsul, is the best work that brings together four master books in the field of ushul al-fiqh tariqat al-mutakallimin from its predecessors. He succeeded in presenting ushul al-fiqh comprehensively more than his predecessor, including Imam Shafi'i himself. The analytical-critical description provides a depth of understanding of the various things discussed in the book. Although his work is seen as a result of the merger of the four previous books of ushul al-fiqh, but his analyzes and some opinions show the independence and originality of the writer's thinking.


Experiments conducted in artificial sand columns with Brent Crude Oil have demonstrated the loss of short-chain volatile n-alkanes from the surface and the chromatographic separation of the remaining compounds down core. The weathering index ranged from ∼4 in the crude oil to ∼0.3 after 14 days. Biodiesel derived from rapeseed oil was able to dissolve the remaining heavy fractions and these were carried into the sediments. Periodic washing with clean seawater was also able to lift more of the crude oil from the sediment than untreated sands. The effectiveness of the biodiesel in increasing the mobility of the residual crude oil fractions was dependent upon the time of addition after a spill; the shorter the delay, the more effective the system. Previous experiments have demonstrated the rapidity in which crude oil residuals can be removed if effectively agitated in relatively small volumes of biodiesel. These results indicate that if biodiesel if left on sediments contaminated with crude oil, there is a continuing effect leading to the removal of surface oil to either the water column through tidal washing or deeper into the sediments. Due to the rapid degradability of biodiesel, leaving biodiesel in the sediments should improve beach remediation.


Abstract : A brief review of the author's research is presented. Part of the investigation studied the chemical response to ultraviolet radiation of several small ring heterocyclic systems. The phototransformations of beta, gamma-epoxy ketones, dibenzoylstilbene episulfides, arylaroylazetidines, cyclopentyl phenyl ketone, and alpha-diazoacetophenone were examined in mechanistic detail. Photosensitization, quenching, and emission studies were performed in order to describe the excited states involved in these photoreactions as well as to provide for a better understanding of the mechanism of these transformations. (Author)


The article discusses development of the idea of distance learning, related to the selection from the number of posted on the Internet educational resources learning systems around which educational online communities are formed.


It is now well recognized that serum cholesterol levels in man can be lowered by the judicious substitution of one type of dietary fat for another. 1 However, it is relevant to inquire whether a patient can be assured that such a radical change in his dietary habits will prevent coronary occlusion or a cerebral vascular accident. This question must unfortunately be answered in the negative, for it has not been proved that lowering the level of serum cholesterol will prevent either the occurrence or the end-results of atherosclerosis. At the present time, clear proof of this proposition still seems many years away. Nevertheless, there are many reasons for believing that there is some connection between cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis, and, while waiting for elucidation of this relationship by laboratory workers, it seems justifiable to apply certain dietary procedures that are theoretically harmless and possibly beneficial. We have stated previously


Starting from the multi‐local Klein‐Gordon equations with Lorentz‐scalar squared‐mass operator we give a covariant quark representation of the general composite mesons and baryons with definite Lorentz transformation property. The mass spectra satisfy the approximate symmetry under the Ũ(4) transformation group, including the chiral transformation as a subgroup, concerning the spinor freedom of light constituent quarks, and this symmetry predicts the existence of new type of chiral mesons and baryons out of the conventional framework in non‐relativistic quark model: For example, for light qq systems, the scalar σ‐ and axial‐vector a1‐nonets, and for heavy‐light Qq and qQ systems the scalar and axial‐vector mesons are predicted to exist as relativistic S‐wave states besides the ordinary P‐wave state mesons. The existence of two "exotic" 1−+ meson nonets is predicted as the relativistic P‐wave states in qq systems. For light quark baryons the extra 56¯ with positive parity and the extra 70¯ with negativ...


The invention relates to a double-layer folding heat-insulated barrel for use in a coal mine roadway. The heat-insulated barrel comprises a folding and extended flexible barrel body, and the side wall of the flexible barrel body comprises inner and outer folding flexible thin walls; a fireproof heat-insulated layer is arranged between inner and outer folding flexible thin walls, and both ends of the flexible barrel bodies both have a connector; and the inner side surface of the outer flexible thin wall and/or the outer side surface of the inner flexible thin wall are/is provided with a light-shielded layer. By using the double-layer folding heat-insulated barrel, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is lowered; repetitious tests prove that the heat exchange between rocks and the roadway is reduced by 80 percent, the heat source is greatly reduced, and the cooling effect is improved; the time and the work capacity for the heat-insulated work in the roadway are shortened and reduced respectively, the heat-insulated barrel can be recycled, and the resources are saved; and the heat-insulated barrel also has the moisture-proof function, so that the moisture in the roadway is effectively lowered. In addition, the heat-insulated barrel has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy manufacturing, good use effect and convenient popularization and application in the mining field.


Silicon incorporated diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) ®lms were deposited by 13.56 MHz r.f. plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (RF-PACVD), and the optical properties of the ®lms were examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis. In particular, the dispersion model developed by Jellison and Modine was used to determine the optical constants by ®tting the measured ellipsometric spectra in the 300± 1200 nm range. Various mixtures of benzene and diluted silane (SiH4:H2ˆ 10:90) were used as reaction gases, and the Si concentration in the ®lm was found to increase monotonically up to 17 at.% as the diluted silane fraction in the reaction gas was increased from 0 to 95%. However, the variation of the optical gap exhibited distinctive silicon-concentration dependence; the minimum optical gap was found from the ®lm with 5 at.% silicon concentration. The observed changes of the optical properties were attributed to the modi®cation of the atomic bonding structures induced by silicon incorporation. In particular, the change in SP-bonded carbon cluster sizes and the interlinking between SP clusters are discussed. q 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.


Polyamines are nitrogen compounds present in plants that accumulate, mainly, in response to stress conditions. Polyamines currently due to their biochemical characteristics are involved in a number of important cellular processes such as cell division, packaging of nucleic acids, DNA replication, and others. The present review compiles and analyzes current scientific information regarding biosynthesis and accumulation in cellular compartments and degradation in the cytosol of the majority polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine). Transport is also explained and its role in cellular homeostasis is described and their associations with other molecules that confer activity as growth regulators, signaling molecule to modulate mitochondrial functions, influence cell proliferation and stimulation of protein synthesis that can be essential to understand their involvement in the mechanism of plant tolerance to stress.


Maintaining balance between convergence and diversity is of great importance for many-objective evolutionary algorithms. The recently suggested non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III could obt...


Based on field observation and data review,according to the Ministry of Land and Resources about the geoheritage classification requirements and the nature and causes of geoheritage,the volcanic geoheritage resources of total of 28 typical landscapes in Zalantun Geopark were divided into 5 categories and 6 subcategories.The age of the volcanic eruption is younger,a multi-phase and various types of volcanic landforms are preserved well;the tourist resources in and around the park are integral part of the Zalantun Geopark.The main tourism resources of the Geopark is volcanic geoheritage.The advantages of tourism resources are highlight to develop a variety of tourism products,and has broad prospects for development.


We demonstrate the title. A quasi-Banach space Z is called a K-space [3] if every extension of Z by the ground field splits; that is, whenever X is a quasi-Banach space having a line L such that X/L is isomorphic to Z, L is complemented in X (and so, X = L ⊕ Z). These spaces play an important role in the theory of extensions of (quasi) Banach spaces [1], [2]. The property of being a K-space is closely related to the behaviour of quasilinear functionals. Recall that a homogeneous functional f : Z → K is said to be quasi-linear if there is a constant Q such that |f(x+ y)− f(x)− f(y)| ≤ Q(‖x‖+ ‖y‖) (x, y ∈ Z). The least possible constant in the preceding inequality shall be denoted by Q(f). It is well known [1] that Z is a K-space if and only if each quasi-linear functional on Z can be approximated by a true linear (but not necessarily continuous!) functional ` : Z → K in the sense that the distance dist(f, `) def = inf{K ≥ 0 : |f(x)− `(x)| ≤ K‖x‖ for all x ∈ Z} is finite. The main examples of K-spaces are supplied by Kalton and co-workers: for instance, Lp spaces (0 1) are K-spaces and so are quotients of Banach K-spaces. In this short note, we present a very simple proof that super-reflexive Banach spaces are K-spaces. Of course this is contained in Kalton's result for B-convexity. Nevertheless, I believe that a simpler proof for this particular case is interesting because, in the presence of some unconditional structure (e.g., for Banach lattices), B-convexity is equivalent to super-reflexivity. Mini-Theorem. Every super-reflexive space is a K-space. Proof. Suppose on the contrary that Z is super-reflexive and there exists a quasilinear function f : Z → K such that dist(f, `) = ∞ for all linear maps ` : Z → K. Received by the editors June 20, 2001. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46B03, 46B08, 39B82.


Introduction In this essay, I use a new dataset I have collected on collective mobilization and collective violence in India from 1950 to 1995 to begin to sketch an answer to three questions. First, empirically I try to establish the patterns of reported ethnic and nonethnic mobilization and violence in India since the 1950s. Is it true that ethnic mobilization and violence in India have become more common, or are scholars such as Paul Brass (1997) correct when they argue that the perceived rise in ethnic mobilization and ethnic violence is merely due to our tendency to pay too much attention to ethnic conflict compared to other kinds of conflict, and to label events as "ethnic" when they are not? Second, is it true, as scholars such as Rabushka and Shepsle (1972) and Elster et al . (1998) have argued, that mobilization around ethnic identities is inherently more dangerous than other kinds of political mobilization? By "more dangerous," I should make it clear that I am primarily concerned with the narrow question of whether ethnic mobilization is associated with deadly violence more than other kinds of political mobilization. Third, are some types of ethnic mobilization more damaging to the stability of the state than others? Is it true, for example, that linguistic claims are less dangerous than religious or other types of ethnic mobilization, as Laitin (1999) claims?


Means and magnitude of heterosis in between-group-crosses involving ten diverse parents of pigeonpea were examined. The characters plant height, days to flower and maturity, seed weight and protein content generally tended to exhibit negative heterosis although individual crosses had positive values. Heterosis for pod number and seed yield was generally positive though some individual crosses showed negative heterosis. Yields as well as heterosis was maximum in E × L and M×L crosses involving diverse plant types. There was preponderance of sca effects. The gca effects for most characters were generally negative for early and medium parents and positive for late parents. It is infeired that specific M×L and E × L cross combinations are likely to yield recombinants of economic worth.


This paper accords derivatives a central role in defining the character and dynamics of financialised accumulation. Under the guise of financial precision and a progressive innovation spiral, financial derivatives have instrumentalised risk so that ownership and property take a novel form. The advent of limited liability and absentee ownership in the second half of the nineteenth century marked the start of this process of transformation. At that stage, ownership became fleeting and its relationship to the underlying technical process uncertain, loose and complex. Risk management through derivatives takes this a stage further. Derivatives imply that ownership can take a form wherein there are no direct ties to a particular asset, and therefore no possibility of a conceptual link between property and stewardship. Instead, ownership proceeds on the basis of disengagement and financialisation proceeds via the construction of indifference to the exigencies of 'real' economic competition.


Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) consists of brief episodes of vertigo that are provoked by changes in head position and are associated with


The purpose of this study is to know the structure of capital and value companies before and when the covid-19 pandemic in the Indonesian stock exchange. This study includes association research. There are six variables used, which are capital structures, profitability, liquidity, corporate sizes, and dummy variables. The study's population is the health, telecommunications, and tourism Sub Company registered in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021. The sample in this study represents 23 companies. The data used is secondary data. Data collection techniques are documenting. The analysis techniques used are descryptive, electronic regression dummy statistics, multicolicerity tests, autokolinerity tests, heteroocrity tests, modeling verification tests, regression coefficient tests, and deterministic coefficients. Research has shown 1) profitability, liquidity, corporate size, and dummy variables have significantly affected the capital structure before and when the covid-19 pandemic. 2) capital structures, profitability, liquidity, corporate sizes, and dummy variables have significantly affected the company's values before and during the covid-19 pandemic.


The teacher-student relationship takes on ethical characteristics,while respect is a concept.A historical change has taken place from the traditional absolute authority of teachers,to the overrespecting students during the May 4th movement,teacher-centered and student-centered teacher-student relations.


Based on the integration project of South Coal Corporation,Yangquan City,Shanxi Province,aggregative model MM5 coupling CALPUFF was used to simulate the concentration of PM10 and SO2 of full month in April,2005.Results of aggregative model simulation showed that local emission had crucial influence on air environment in the City,with average concentration contribution to SO2 of 47.05μg/m3 and contribution to PM10 20.37μg/m3.Local point emission had relatively big impact on SO2,with average concentration contribution up to 36.93μg/m3.Influence of local area emission was relatively high to PM10,with concentration contribution up to 14.63μg/m3.Emission from surrounding regions were lower,but also had relatively significant influence in certain process through regional transportation.


The fabrication of transparent conducting films of ZnO is described. These films are deposited on room temperature glass substrates using an enhanced reactive evaporation technique in which the power in a dc glow discharge, the oxygen pressure, and the zinc evaporation rate are controlled separately. Each of these parameters is adjusted to optimize the required film property.Films with ρ = 0.0014 Ω cm and an absorption of ~ 1% at 550 nm and 40 Ω/ have been prepared with no annealing. The electron carrier densities are ~ 1.3 × 1020 cm−3 and the mobilities are ~ 34 cm2/(Vs) with a variation of less than ~ 15% between −120 and +150 °C.


Mental representation of objects deals with understanding the imagery information of concepts and provides clues for design and implementation of computational object recognition strategies. In this study, I postulate that studying of children's drawings can provide useful information about mental representation of objects in preliminary stage of developmental learning. To this aim, I have designed an experiment in which I asked children of ages 3-4 to draw objects from known categories. Children were also allowed to have a brief view to a prototypical picture of objects for a short period of time. Based on my observation derived from children's drawings, I classified children's strategies for object representation into three main categories: part-concept, familiar-concept and shape-concept. Results from this experiment suggest that there is a strong link between early object representation and theories of object recognition.


Objective: Cocaine indirectly stimulates catecholaminergic systems and its repeated administration sensitizes their responses. While interactions between GABA-ergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in a mechanism of cocaine action were widely described, those concerning the noradrenergic system were less explored. As we recently reported that the cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization is accompanied by changes in the a1-adrenergic receptors (a1-ARs) density in some regions of rat brain, we presently have investigated how those effects are modulated by activation of GABA-ergic system – a procedure used to depress symptoms of cocaine dependence. Methods: To obtain cocaine sensitized rats (CSR) the animals received cocaine (10 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days (D1-D5), and remained drug-free for the next four days (D6-D9). Cocaine naive rats (CNR) received saline. On D10 the rats were injected with saline or tiagabine (10 mg/kg) and after 120 min received cocaine injection (10 mg/kg). They were decapitated 24 h later. The cerebral a1-ARs density was measured by quantitative in vitro autoradiography of [H]prazosin in the absence (total a1-ARs) or presence of 10 nM WB4101 to dissect the a1B AR subtype. Results: Tiagabine treatment decreased the total and a1B pools of a1-ARs in structures involved in behavioral effects of cocaine: nucleus accumbens (NAc) and primary motor cortex (M1), while it increased the a1B receptor in amygdala and hippocampus. Cocaine in CNR increased a1B density in NAc and thalamus, but sensitization abolished this effect. Cocaine decreased the total pool of a1ARs in cingulate and M1 of CNR, but this effect was also abolished in CSR. On the other hand sensitization resulted in a decrease of a1-ARs in subcortical areas – the thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus, not observed in CNR. The modulatory effect of tiagabine appeared in amygdala and hippocampus of CSR, where tiagabine decreased a1B, and in NAc and amygdala, where tiagabine annulled the effects of sensitization on the total pool of a1-ARs. Conclusion: Tiagabine increased a1-ARs density in brain structures involved in cocaine-induced aggressiveness and memory enhancement, while decreased it in structures associated with reward and hypermotility. Effects induced by cocaine in CNR were generally changed in opposite direction in CSR. Tiagabine pretreatment attenuated the effects of cocaine sensitization on a1-ARs in NAc and amygdala. Supported by a grant 24/IV/2005 from POLPHARMA Foundation For Development of Polish Pharmacy and Medicine.


The seventh in a series chronicling the remarkable history of "The Times" newspaper and the media mogul who bought and reshaped it in the early 1980s. This volume looks at the history of one of Britain's most venerable newspapers since its takeover by Rupert Murdoch in 1981, and the many changes that took place in the turbulent years that followed. The account will encompass the media mogul's infamous clashes with the British printers' unions, culminating in 1986 with the Wapping dispute in which the power of the unions was decisively broken, with far-reaching implications for British trade unions and the media at large. Taking over from the late John Grigg, who wrote the most recent two volumes in this series, Graham Stewart is a highly rated historian with a gift for depicting the complex characters who inhabit the upper echelons of power. With this book, he will provide valuable insight into the workings of one of the most controversial business leaders in the world today and the newspaper that helped shape his media empire.


Nan-ke ji 南柯记( Opera of Nan-ke),an outstanding artistic creation by Tang Xianzu 汤显祖,recomposes the novel Nan-ke Tai-shou Zhuan 南柯太守传( Biography of Prefect Nan-ke) with a bizarre plot into a Buddhist opera with the theme of duo-tuo 度脱( liberation by Buddhism). In the opera,Zenist master Qixuan takes the initiative to lead,and the protagonist Chun Yufen is passively guided by his teaching. Thus on the whole,it displays a structure of duo-tuo opera: how sentient human beings,after rising above and freeing themselves from their earthly emotions and cares,can finally become Buddha is the thread running through a variety of dramatic conflicts,reflecting the creative idea of "dream to wake up,love to approach the Buddha". In the art world of Huai-an 槐安 Kingdom,the general picture of truth alternating with illusion is enriched by vivid specific details of real life situation; and the fantastic artistic creation is full of the author's real life experience,feelings and pursuits. The plot structure is characterized by the insertion of sideline threads of plot which are intended to change the direction of the development of the mainline plot. In addition,its plot setting is distinctively flexible,and transitions between different scenes are dramatically abrupt as well as smooth,presenting a fantastic effect. Compared with Han-dan Ji 邯郸记( The Opera of Han-dan),however,Nan-ke Ji has its strength in narration and weakness in cathartic expression,and is somewhat lacking in balance and logic in its plot structure.


Graphene (GN) has received intense interest in fields such as physics, chemistry, biology and materials science due to its exceptional electrical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties as well as its unique two-dimensional (2D) structure and large surface area. Recently, GN–inorganic nanocomposites have been opened up an exciting new field in the science and technology of GN. From the viewpoint of chemistry and materials, this account presents an overview of the synthesis and application of GN–inorganic nanocomposites. The challenges and perspective of these emerging nanocomposites are also discussed.


We construct composite Higgs models admitting a weakly coupled Seiberg dual description. We focus on the possibility that only the up-type Higgs is an elementary field, while the down-type Higgs arises as a composite hadron. The model, based on a confining SQCD theory, breaks supersymmetry and electroweak symmetry dynamically and calculably. This simultaneously solves the μ/Bμ problem and explains the smallness of the bottom and tau masses compared to the top mass. The proposal is then applied to a class of models where the same confining dynamics is used to generate the Standard Model flavor hierarchy by quark and lepton compositeness. This provides a unified framework for flavor, supersymmetry breaking and electroweak physics. The weakly coupled dual is used to explicitly compute the MSSM parameters in terms of a few microscopic couplings, giving interesting relations between the electroweak and soft parameters. The RG evolution down to the TeV scale is obtained and salient phenomenological predictions of this class of "single-sector" models are discussed.


Objective To construct HIV-1 B' subtype gp120 transgenic vector and prepare gp120 transgenic mice.Methodsgp120 gene was amplified and cloned to pSEAP2-control vector according to reading frame,then GFAP promoter was inserted.The function fragment with promoter-gp120 gene-enhancer was digested and extracted to prepare transgenic mice.The gene integration and mRNA transcription was validated by PCR and RT-PCR.Results GFAP promoter controlled gp120 transgenic vector was successfully constructed and validated by gene sequencing,Western blotting analysis showed that the secretion and tissue specificity of gp120 was high enough;The existence of gp120 mRNA transcription in transgenic mice was confirmed by RT-PCR.Conclusion gp120 transgenic vector was successfully constructed and founder mice were produced.


Many improvements have been made to models of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine combustion in the past few years. The one-dimensional model presented in this paper models the solid, two-phase, and gas regions using complex kinetics and concentrationand temperature-dependent thermophysical properties. Calculated values agree well with experimentally determined burning rate sp, melt layer thickness, surface temperature, and species concentration proŽ les. When including laser-assisted burning in the model, a dark zone appeared that was similar to that seen experimentally. With the laser-assisted case, the chemistry controlling the burning rate is signiŽ cantly different from cases without the laser heat  ux. Calculations show that the melt-layer thickness is determined primarily by the liquid thermal conductivity and the surface temperature is controlled by the vapor pressure correlation. All other model predictions are relatively insensitive to these parameters. The condensed-phase decomposition and evaporation/condensation submodel are the weakest areas of the model.


Abstract : A study was conducted to determine the design and measure the performance of phase-corrected horn antennas employing the dielectric lenses. The objective is to provide data for a dielectric lens antenna system to be evaluated in a satellite communications link. The frequency range of interest is from 15 to 60 GHz with maximum interest from 20 to 30 GHz. Computer programs were used to design lenses having two refracting surfaces and uniform amplitude distributions across the apertures for linked styrene for the lens material. Their performance was measured both individually and in array combinations, and the performance of larger arrays was predicted.


Octanethiol monolayers were self assembled on rough polycrystalline gold surface. Thermal stability of these monolayers were followed at different coverages using cyclic voltametry and impedance techniques. Monte Carlo simulation of these molecules adsorbed on a smooth gold surface was done at different temperatures to understand the reasons for the phase transition observed experimentally.


According to the status quo of our country's universities and based on Professor Martin A. Trow`s paper "Analysis of Status", this paper studies five areas in relation to the phenomenon of institutional stratification and the problems concerned.


This work studies a robust control problem that consists in minimizing over a suitable class of probability measures (scenarios) a felicity process plus a penalty factor. First we extend results by Skiadas and Lazrak-Quenez to include a terminal utility. Then we tackle the robust control problem using a stochastic control approach. In particular, we provide a proof for the existence of a solution and find explicitly the minimizer. Finally we maximize over consumption the functional obtained by the minimization by applying stochastic control techniques and exploiting known results. Zurich, 18th February 2005


Objective:To investigate the effect of Dan Sen on gastric mucosal Na +-K +-ATPase activity and gastric transmucosal potential difference in rats during severe intraperitoneal infection.Methods:The intraperitoneally infected rat model was established by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Assay of Na +-K +-ATPase activity in gastric mucosal tissue was conducted by biochemistry method.The electric-physiological recorder meter was used to measure gastric mucosal potential difference.Results:The activity of Na +-K +-ATPase markedly decreased in infected group at 3h after perforation,compared with the control group ( P 0.05).There was a minimum of Na +-K +-ATPase activity at 12h post-perforation in infected group ( P 0.01),only about 48.5% of the control group.At 12h and 24h post-perforation,Na +-K +-ATPase activity of Dan Sen group was significantly raised much more than that of infection group ( P0.05,P 0.05).Gastric transmucosal potential difference (GTPD) of infected group decreased significantly compared with the control group ( P 0.05) at 6h after perforation,and rapidly dropped to the lowest at 12h post-perforation ( P 0.01).At 12h and 24h after perforation,GTPD was lower in infected group than that not only in the control group ( P 0.05, P 0.05),but also in Dan Sen group ( P 0.05).Conclusion:The decrease of Na +-K +-ATPase activity might play an important role in gastric mucosal barrier damage following severe abdominal infection induced by CLP.And the application of Dan Sen in earlier period could prevent the occurrence of stress ulcer.


From extracts of a hamster cell line transformed by the Simian virus 40, we have shown the presence of a factor that stimulates the replication of K virus and also counteracts the mechanism of acti...


There are extreme world views amongst the philosophers of different periods of history and the response of postmodernism in this regard is really a fatalist one. Postmodern world view is diametrically opposed to the modern worldviews. It attempts to view reality in a new way. It does not believe any kind of definite description and thus the modern intellectual outlook is radically rejected by it. Thus it can be said that both in our understanding of knowledge and science, postmodernism brought a revolution. In this paper I shall try to explain the postmodern attitude towards modern worldview and finally depict their own explanation of the universe.


The invention discloses a high-power semiconductor light source module. The high-power semiconductor light source module comprises a housing, an aluminum base plate which is fixedly connected with the housing, a semiconductor light source which is fixedly arranged on the aluminum base plate, and a light refraction part which is fixedly connected on the housing and is used for performing refraction and outward diffusion on light emitted by the semiconductor light source. The high-power semiconductor light source module disclosed by the invention has a larger light-emitting angle which can be above 140 degrees, is favorable for fully utilizing the semiconductor light source, and can improve the utilization rate of the module and reduce the cost.


Citiworks (TCC) are currently in the process of establishing systems with the objective of providing Council with a whole life costing solution for the road network. The first step is implementation of Confirm Asset Management System and the internationally adopted decision support tool HDM-4. ARRB assisted Citiworks (TCC) in undertaking calibration of the road deterioration and works effects models contained within HDM-4. The objective of the HDM-4 tool is to provide a means for investigating and assessing varying scenarios for allocation of annual maintenance funding. The approach to project delivery is very much in partnership with each organisation contributing in areas where they are most suited. This paper provides an overview of the implementation, role of HDM-4 and the next step forward to provide a whole life costing solution. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E213908.


In this paper, we studied the anti-oxidative capacities and protective effects of water extract of Gagam-Danguieumja(GDE) against Ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes(HaCaT). To evaluate the anti-oxidative activities of GDE, we measured scavenging activities on DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and reducing power of GDE. To detect the protective effects of GDE against UVB, we irradiated with 40 mJ/㎠`s UVB to HaCaT cells then we measured reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation, apoptotic bodies and cell viability using DCFH-DA assay, Hoechst 33342 staining and MTT assay. GDE showed the anti-oxidative activities by scavenging DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation. Also GDE showed high reducing values. GDE reduced oxidative stress conditions by inhibition of ROS expression. Also the cell apoptosis by UVB-induced oxidative conditions was decreased by GDE treatment. These results could suggest that GDE had anti-oxidative activities and exhibited protective effects against UVB on HaCaT cells. GDE would be useful for the development of cosmetics treating UVB-induced skin aging.


The proceedings contain 107 papers. The topics discussed include: are professional drivers more aggressive than general drivers? a case study from Doha, Qatar;information upwards, recommendation downwards: reinforcement learning with hierarchy for traffic signal control;hand gestures identification for fine-grained human activity recognition in smart homes;predicting truck parking occupancy using machine learning;coupling epidemiological model within an activity-based travel modelling system for Halifax, Canada;pedestrian movement modelling for a commercial street considering COVID-19 social distancing strategies;assessment of turn signal use at two-lane roundabouts in Doha city;exploring persona characteristics in learning: a review study of pedagogical agents;digital certifications in Moroccan universities: concepts, challenges, and solutions;yearly development of car ownership in urban and rural environments;and promoting cycling activities in the state of Qatar: challenges and potential treatments.


This research is a class room action research that aims to improve the student learning  achievements in processing and desiccation subject through particular discovery method at the 1 st year class of SMK 2 Pinrang in 2014-2015 academic year, with 28 students. This study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consists of planning, observation, and reflection stage. The treatment which has been done in first and second cycle was discovery method. The result showed that implementing of discovery method can improve student  learning achievement. In the first cycle, the competence of student was 82,14% in average acquisition percentage and it has increased to 96.42% in the second cycle. The value acquisition in the second cycle was assumed completed according in KTSP (Curriculum Education Unit) ≥ 75. Thus it can be said that the implementing of discovery method can improve academic achievement either in theory, practices and the way of learning


Graphene-based nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention in photocatalytic research owing to their remarkable potential for the photodegradation of environmental pollutants. However, despite the progress made in this field, the development of visible-light-active photocatalysts with high activity and durability remains a challenge. In this work, bunches of Nb3O7(OH) nanorods wrapped in reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets were prepared by using a hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized Nb3O7(OH)-RGO nanocomposites was significantly enhanced compared to that of the pure Nb3O7(OH) nanostructures owing to their improved visible-light absorption and separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Photoluminescence studies strongly supported the proposed charge separation and charge transport mechanism. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency was strongly dependent on the concentration of RGO in the nanocomposites. The highest photodegradation rate was obtained using the nanocomposite prepared with a graphene loading of 3 mg mL−1, and when the RGO loading exceeded 3 mg mL−1, the photodegradation efficiency decreased. This occurred because excess RGO nanosheets aggregated and hindered the absorption of incident light. We believe that this work provides invaluable information for the design of new efficient visible-light-active reduced graphene oxide-based photocatalysts to be used in water remediation through the oxidative degradation of organic dyes and toxic phenols.


Intensive research in the field of mathematical modeling of pneumatic servo drives has shown that their mathematical models are nonlinear in which many important details cannot be included in the model. Owing the influence of the combination of heat coefficient, unknown discharge coefficient, and change of temperature, it was supposed that parameters of the pneumatic cylinder are random (stochastic parameters). On the other side, it has been well known that the nonlinear model can be approximated by a linear model with time‐varying parameters. Due to the aforementioned reasons, it can be assumed that the pneumatic cylinder model is a linear stochastic model with variable parameters. In practical conditions, in measurements, there are rare, inconsistent observations with the largest part of population of observations (outliers). Therefore, synthesis of robust algorithms is of primary interest. In this paper, the robust recursive algorithm for output error models with time‐varying parameters is proposed. The convergence property of the proposed robust algorithm is analyzed using the methodology of an associated ordinary differential equation system. Because ad hoc selection of model orders leads to overparameterization or parsimony problem, the robust Akaike's criterion is proposed to overcome these problems. By determining the least favorable probability density for a given class of probability distribution represents a base for design of the robust version of Akaike's criterion. The behavior of the proposed robust identification algorithm is considered through intensive simulations that demonstrate the superiority of the robust algorithm in relation to the linear algorithms (derived under an assumption that the stochastic disturbance has a Gaussian distribution). The good practical values of the proposed robust algorithm to identification of the pneumatic cylinder are illustrated by experimental results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Markers at extremes of linkage groups Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This note on methods is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol9/iss1/6 . .~, ~~.~._~ ~,~..~~.~~.. .~ ~~ I "I. II: (FGSC f 1203); ou'; pi oy'; E: (FGSC f 1204) (for~ure with auxotrophr) ._~ ..A~..~/ ., .__ '-.. =; a rg -5 A (FGSC t 1205); dy'; s (FGSC $ 1206) (fowre with visible,) IV > v : c; inos A (FGSC Il243); 7co'; =p (FGSC s 1244) (test for irws only if no linkage to CD') III 2. V I : $$jj$$ (FGSC f 1207); (F GSC t 1208) (isolate to minimal + indole, and score Q hy ultraviolet fluorescence at 3 doyr) For markers w t showing linkage to alcoy, mating-type tests will check I L, and o cross to nit-3 me-7 A (FGSC t 152) or o (' 153) hm served for VII. am-2 ir oz.&i on! ,eonvenient for Ill L. Stanford, Colifornio. 94305. Deportment of Biol&&lScie&+ Stanford Univ&sity, Perkins, 0. D. Summary of markers at extremes of Genes that defy mopping by showing no linkage to alcoy morkerr or to the known linkage groups. other commonly wed test loci, moy in fact be rituoted well beyond those portions of the linkage groups that ore alreoo'y marked. A series of crosses testing such mutontr for linkage with genes mxking the present extremes of each linkage group would in all likelihood extend the mops. Genes useful or markers in such tests ore summarized in the table. It will be noted that the left ormr of III, IV end V ore virtually unmarked, except for loci new the centromere. Recommended To check Approximate Comments marker gene l i n k a g e dirtonce from group centromere " frosty (BIIO) I L 60 un (b39) is the leftmost marker that functions as pmtopsritheciol parent. meleftmost ouxotroph. (Use leu-3 (Rl56) (tight) in preference to 47313, which adopts on minimal).as: osmotic I R 90 (B135or Ell2W) Altsrmtive: 50: soft (slightly distal to z). Not gDod or protopritheciol parent (0' is only fair), and not os eory to score. cy& (P22)


Roadway improvement is one of the most important measures to reduce the accidents at sites with promise,in which adding safety facilities like signs and markings is quite normally applied.Since driving behavior is an important factor that affects the traffic safety,it is necessary to evacuate the true effect from the drivers' aspect.After the study on accident characteristics,combined with the eye movement analysis on the drivers,a comprehensive evacuation is proposed based on integration of the changes of the drivers' gazement,operation speed and crash analysis before and after the improvement.The result has indicated that the effect of sites improvement only using signs has limited influence on the drivers,and this is important to the safety engineering in the future practice.