The validation of sea ice products derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) on board a DMSP platform is examined using data from the Landsat MSS and NOAA-AVHRR sensors. Image processing techniques for retrieving ice concentrations from each type of imagery are developed and results are intercompared to determine the ice parameter retrieval accuracy of the SSM/I NASA-Team algorithm. For case studies in the Beaufort Sea and East Greenland Sea, average retrieval errors of the SSM/I algorithm are between 1.7 percent for spring conditions and 4.3 percent during freeze up in comparison with Landsat derived ice concentrations. For a case study in the East Greenland Sea, SSM/I derived ice concentration in comparison with AVHRR imagery display a mean error of 9.6 percent.


Dialysis is the single most important therapy for chronic kidney disease. However, protein adsorption onto hemodialysis membranes promotes clot formation. The aim of the present study was to develop a surface-modified membrane which suppresses protein adsorption. Using plasma polymerization, hydrophilic N-vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and acryloyl morpholine (ACMO) were polymerized on hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) surfaces. PVDF is employed as a biomaterial owing to its extraordinary durability. These membranes were then characterized using static contact angle measurement, ATR-FTIR spectra and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The surface-modified PVDF membranes showed a transition of the surface from relatively hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Less proteins were adsorbed on the VP and ACMO grafted PVDF surfaces than on the unmodified membrane and the commercially available hemodialysis membrane. In conclusion, VP and ACMO grafted PVDF membranes have a high potential for the inhibition of protein adsorption in high-performance hemopurification devices.


Vibrio cholerae is the pathogen of cholera that is a intense intestinal infectious diseases in the human and animal. Of the more than 200 serogroups of V.cholerae identified so far, only two serogroups, O1 and O139, are known to cause epidemic and pandemic cholera. Rapid and accurate detection V.cholerae O1 and O139 is the key to prevent and treat cholera. Surface antigens of V.cholerae O1 and O139 play an important role in detection them. The major antigens of V.cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups are lipopolysaccharide, cholera enterotoxin, outer membrane protein W, toxin-coregulate plus and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin. In this article, the recent advances of the five antigens were reviewed.


This paper reports a 77-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) for automobile radar system in 90-nm CMOS technology. To enhance the operation frequency range of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in the PLL, reversely tunable LC source degeneration technique is adopted. To improve the frequency locking range of the divide-by-3 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) in the PLL, a parallel inductor is used to parallel resonate the parasitic capacitance of the cross-coupled transistors. In addition, a phase and frequency detector (PFD) with enhanced D flip flops is used to effectively reduce the dead zone. The PLL consumes only 49.6 mW and exhibits an operation range of 2.4 GHz and reference sidebands of less than −56 dBc. The chip area of the PLL is 0.656 mm2 excluding the test pads.


The tuberous roots of some oriental species of Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) have been used as one of the most important drugs in Chinese medicine as an analgesic in the treatment of rheumatism and neuralgia (1,2). It is well known that hypogeous organs of aconites contain diterpene alkaloids like aconitine, mesaconitine, and so on; remarkable qualitative and quantitative variations occur in the alkaloid content in relation with the plant species and some exogenous factors. Some years ago we have undertaken an extensive analysis of the secondary metabolites of the italian species of Aconitum (3,4, 5). In this investigation, we studied the alkaloid content in samples, harvested during a one year period, of A. napellus ssp. tauricum (Wulfen) Gayer (Ranuneulaceae) growing in Cansigho (TV), in order to determine the influence of seasonal factors on such content. Plant material was extracted as described elsewhere (4); analytical HPLC was performed as reported in (5). In the examined population, the major alkaloid is represented by aconitine. The highest content of aconitine appears during summer, when the plant is flowering; the richest organs are the threadlike roots (0.44 % d. w.) and the aerial parts (leaves 0.46% and flowers 0.47% d. w.). The aconitine is also present in other parts of the plant, in particular, in the parent and in daughter roots. In the parent tuberous roots, which bear the aerial stem, the content is maximum (0.36 % d. w.) during the vegetative growth period and it decreases gradually during the year reaching the minimum (0.11% d. w.) in the quiescency. In the daughter tuberous roots, which bear the apical bud, it remains almost constant (about 0.2 % d. w.) during the year. In the fruiting stage also the seeds have a noteworthy content of aconitine. Other alkaloids — mesaconitine, N-deethylaconitine and two compounds with relative molecular messes of 629 and 688 — have been detected, but their content is always far less remarkable in all parts of the plant and all over the year (never greater than 0.04% d/w.).


Ground support options are primarily evaluated for emplacement drifts while ground support systems for non-emplacement openings such as access mains and ventilation drifts are not evaluated against LADS evaluation criteria in this report. Considerations include functional requirements for ground support, the use of a steel-lined system, and the feasibility of using an unlined ground support system principally with grouted rock bolts for permanent ground support. The feature evaluation also emphasizes the postclosure effects of ground support materials on waste isolation and the preclosure aspects such as durability, maintainability, constructibility, safety, engineering acceptability, and cost. This evaluation is to: (A) Review the existing analyses, reports, and studies regarding this design feature, and compile relevant information on performance characteristics. (B) Develop an appropriate evaluation approach for evaluating ground support options against evaluation criteria provided by the LADS team. (C) Evaluate ground support options not only for their preclosure performance in terms of drift stability, material durability, maintenance, constructibility, and cost, but also for their postclosure performance in terms of chemical effects of ground support materials (i.e., concrete, steel) on waste isolation and radionuclide transport. Specifically, the scope for ground support options evaluation include: (1) all steel-lined drifts (no cementitious materials), (2) unlinedmore » drifts with minimum cementitious materials (e.g., grout for rockbolts), and (3) concrete-lined drifts, with the focus on the postclosure acceptability evaluation. In addition, unlined drifts with zero cementitious materials (e.g., use of frictional bolts such as split sets, Swellex bolts) are briefly discussed. (D) Identify candidate ground support systems that have the potential to enhance the repository performance based on the feature evaluation. and (E) Provide conclusions and recommendations. Much of the input information to this design feature evaluation is based on (1) the current knowledge of loading scenarios, material properties and physical parameters for the rock mass; (2) analyses and study reports involving the use of a mixture of existing, accepted and qualified data; (3) necessary assumptions; and (4) discussions and communications with affected M and O organizations. Therefore, the outputs from this evaluation may not be used directly for procurement, fabrication, or construction.« less


Abstract Ship and offshore structures, those are to be used under the seawater conditions are prone to corrosion. In this research, the effect of rust existence on the fatigue strength at structural member of ship and offshore structure was investigated. For this purpose, fatigue tests for the rust removed specimen were conducted. In addition, the comparison of fatigue strength between rust removed specimen and rusted specimen was conducted. With these test results, fatigue strength share effect was investigated. Finally, at this research, it was found that there is fatigue strength share effect on the rust. In comparison of fatigue strength reduction factor, fatigue strength of the rust removed specimen is 18.1% lower than that of the rusted specimen. From the above, it was known that as far as there are not any harmful ingredients in it, rust on the steel plate is beneficial in an aspect of fatigue strength. Key Words : Fatigue Strength, Fatigue Strength Reduction Factor, Corrosion, Rust


This paper presents an approach for runtime software-based fault injection, applied to a commercial mixed-signal programmable system-on-chip (PSoC). The fault-injection scheme is based on a pseudo-random sequence generator and software interruption. A fault tolerant data acquisition system, based on a design diversity redundant scheme, is considered as case study. The fault injection is performed by intensively inserting bit flips in the peripherals control registers of the mixed-signal PSoC blocks, as well as in the SRAM memory of the device. Results allow to evaluate the applied fault tolerance technique, indicating that the system is able to tolerate most of the generated errors. Additionally, a high fault masking effect is observed, and different criticality levels are observed for faults injected into the SRAM memory and in the peripherals control registers..


This article aims to find the key long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to study its biological functions in colorectal cancer progression. Our study has shown that upregulated LncRNA DQ786243 can regulate cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion in CRC cells. Xenograft experiments confirmed that the growth of xenograft tumors formed by CRC cells was suppressed after silencing LncRNA DQ786243 expression. In conclusion, our study suggests that LncRNA DQ786243 is an oncogene that promotes tumor progression and leads us to propose that LncRNAs may serve as key regulatory hubs in CRC progression.


Cloud computing is a technology paradigm that is offering useful services to consumers. Cloud service providers utilize huge computing resources spread over geographical distances to provide services to customers. The computing resources deployed over the Internet comprises hardware and software used in virtualization, storage and compute purposes. This has obvious security implications as data is transmitted and stored in different locations over the Internet. Such data is not within the control of the owner. Beyond data, there are other security issues in cloud computing relating to virtualization and applications. Security has severe impact on the decision as to whether an organisation will adopt the cloud or not. Hence, the discussion on security is dynamic and solutions are evolving daily. This paper examines present trends in the area of cloud security and provides a guide for future research. In the present work, the objective is to answer the following question: what is the current trend and development in cloud security? Papers published in journals, conferences, white papers and those published in reputable magazines were analysed. The expected result at the end of this review is the identification of trends in cloud security. This will be of benefit to prospective cloud users and even cloud providers.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to biotechnology. Claimed is a strain of Bacillus subtilis Maseca-1, producing a peptide, which has the antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus. The strain is deposited in ATCC under number PTA-8831. The strain was isolated from pericarp of nixtamalised corn. Also claimed is a method of inhibiting Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus in a material, containing or subjected to the action of the said microorganisms. The method includes the impact of an effective quantity of the said strain on the material. EFFECT: group of inventions provides the effective inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus. 5 cl, 13 dwg, 7 tbl


This paper argues that the current popular negative critique of television, if examined carefully, reveals fundamental confusions concerning how print and television communicate information. How one identifies a statement as true with reference to print differs with reference to television. In either case it is a complex process not wholly reducible to the logic of warrants and claims. In analyzing a piece of writing one asks if the author has clarified his or her position, if the argument is well defined. In analyzing a televised segment other kinds of questions are necessary, because a very different type of information is being provided. Judging television by the standards of print we see only what television should be, based on a print bias. Television as an electronic medium changes our experience of what counts as information and how it is structured. Those who continue to define information in terms of an earlier print culture fail to notice that contemporary culture has been transformed. As a resu...


Many job design studies incorporate a direct measure of individual differences to test the contingency hypothesis of Hulin and Blood. This study examines two basic approaches to the measurement of potential moderators of the relationship between job design and job satisfaction. One method involved independent determination of a work value system, and predicted job satisfaction of subjects in an experimental study on job enlargement. The second method, strength of higher order needs, did not yield the same results as did the first. This difference shows that choice of an operational definition of individual differences affects research findings. For purposes of personnel selection or placement, the work values approach (method one) appears to be more useful than the need strength measure (method two).


Test access is a major problem for core-based system-on-chip (SOC) designs. Since cores in an SOC are not directly accessible via chip inputs and outputs, special access mechanisms are required to test them at the system level. One of the most important issues in designing a test access architecture is testing time. Here, several issues related to the design of an optimal test access architecture with the goal of minimizing testing time are discussed. These issues include the assignment of cores to test buses, the distribution of test data width between multiple test buses, and the estimation of test data requirements to satisfy an upper bound on the testing time. Previous works show that all of these problems are NP-complete. Here, we applied a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve these problems. Experiments were run on two hypothetical but non-trivial SOCs using the implemented GA. The results show a 40% improvement. The performance improvement is principally due to our removing the constraints of the necessity of serialization and allowing the system to handle serial or parallel test data loading for any core.


Correspondence: Eloy E. Ordaya, MD, Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (firstname.lastname@example.com). Open Forum Infectious Diseases © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad437 We thank Dr. Boodman and Dr. Gupta for their informative letter to the editor [1] regarding our case series of Bartonella endocarditis [2], and we also appreciate the opportunity to respond. Although we agree with most of the excellent points included in the correspondence, we do not believe that our manuscript misled the journal readership that B. henselae is the predominant etiology of Bartonella endocarditis or implied that cat exposure is a mental shortcut for B. henselae infection. We included in the title a colloquial expression to "cat"-ch the attention of your readership, but we stated in the first paragraph that cats are reservoirs for different species of Bartonella that can cause blood culture–negative endocarditis [3]. Due to limited species-level data and population heterogenicity in prior reports, it is unknown which is the most common species of Bartonella causing endocarditis, but we agree with the authors that B. quintana is likely the most common etiology. The most recent study of Bartonella endocarditis with the largest number of patients and available species identification reported B. quintana in 53% of their cases, followed by B. henselae (43%) and B. asiatica (3%) [4]. Due to testing variability, we only had species identification in 1 patient with B. henselae by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR; test performed in another institution), and 1 with B. quintana detected by 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR. In another case, 16S rRNA PCR detected Bartonella sp. DNA closely related to B. henselae by sequencing. We obtained information through chart review and found that "cat exposure" primarily referred to patients having a cat at home. Only 4 patients had documentation about cat scratches before diagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis, but the lack of more detailed information about animal interaction does not rule out Bartonella infection as it has been reported that patients do not consistently recall the occurrence of animal scratches, bites, or flea bites [5]. We did not include in the text or tables information about homelessness or pediculosis in our patients as there was no consistent documentation of these exposures in the charts, and we preferred to include only recorded known risk factors for Bartonella infection due to the word limit. One of our patients with a molecular diagnosis of B. quintana infection immigrated from Ethiopia to the United States more than a decade before presenting with endocarditis and had no documentation of other overseas travel, pediculosis, homelessness, or shelter exposure. B. quintana has been reported worldwide, with variable prevalence in certain regions related to differences in living conditions [4, 6, 7, 8]; known hosts include humans, dogs, cats, and macaques [3]. B. quintana infection is associated with crowded living situations that facilitate its transmission through pediculosis and possibly other vectors [3, 8]. Lastly, we strongly agree with Dr. Boodman and Dr. Gupta that molecular testing is needed to define Bartonella species. However, current endocarditis treatment guidelines do not recommend empiric or directed treatment differences based on Bartonella species [9]. Therefore, more research is needed to define if species identification may have an impact on the management and outcomes of Bartonella endocarditis.


Abstract A survey of 88 Mexican-American social work students reflects the growing religious diversity among U.S. Latinos/as. Forty-three percent of the students were non-Catholics, compared to 30–35% non-Catholics in the U.S. Latino/a population. Non-Catholic students in the sample were more likely to attend church frequently, and Catholic students were more likely to have consulted a Curandero/a (traditional healer). There were no differences between Catholics and non-Catholics in frequency of private religious practices such as meditation or prayer. Social work practitioners and educators should recognize religious diversity among Mexican-Americans, seek knowledge about traditional Mexican healing practices, and support Mexican-American clients' self-determination in choosing spiritual resources.


This is the first population based study to estimate the birth prevalence of DNA proven Prader-Willi syndrome. Thirty infants were reported to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit between 1998 and 2000, a prevalence of 4 per 100 000 live births or ∼1/25 000 live births per annum.


Objective Systematic evaluate the application and disinfection effecicacy of chlorine disinfectants in the recent 10 years reported in the literature through a comprehensive search and collection,to provide the best evidence for using chlorine disinfectant in a more effective,correct way.Methods Establish search strategy,use PubMed,ScienceDirect,VIP,CNKI database and other online database,choose published literature(2000~2010) related to application and effect of chlorine disinfectant in English and Chinese.Then the results of included literatures are collected,read,statistically analyzed and systematicly evaluated.Results There are 102 eligible literatures included(65 in Chinese,37 in English).65 Chinese literatures are distributed in 23 journals,and 49.23% are published in Chinese Journal of Disinfection;37 English literatures are distributed in 17 journals,and 37.84% are published in Water Research,13.51% are published in Journal of Hospital Infection.Chlorine,chlorine dioxide,sodium hypochlorite,sodium dichloroisocyanurate,trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA),calcium hypochlorite and chloramine-T are involved in the 102 literatures.The order of comprehensive sterilization effect is as follows(from strong to weak): chlorine dioxide,TCCA,sodium dichloroisocyanurate,sodium hypochlorite.Coclusion Numbers of studies on bactericidal effect of chlorine disinfectants still leap into the front ranks among the studies of chemical disinfectant in the first decade of this century.Chlorine dioxide,sodium hypochlorite,sodium dichloroisocyanurate,and trichloroisocyanuric acid are the most widely used and studied.


rial hypertension, dyslipidemia, a history of cigarette smoking, and a myocardial infarct 10 years earlier had no history of arrhythmia. He underwent coronary arteriography because of exertional dyspnea. The left anterior descending coronary artery was 75% narrowed in its proximal portion. The left circumflex artery was totally occluded proximally, and the right was 90% narrowed in its mid-portion. The ejection fraction on left ventriculography was 40%. Four weeks later when the patient returned for operation, his left ventricular ejection fraction was normal (>55%) by echocardiogram. The left anterior descending artery was bypassed with the left internal mammary artery, and the right, with a reversed saphenous vein. Some 10 hours postoperatively, the patient developed a regular wide-QRS tachycardia at a rate of 208 beats/min (Figure 1). With intravenous amiodarone, sinus rhythm returned. Because of ST-segment shifts suggesting inferoposterior injury on the first postoperative electrocardiogram 8 hours earlier, the initial diagnosis was ventricular tachycardia, and this seemed to be supported by a higher than usual postoperative rise in troponin I with a peak of 11.84 ng/mL (reference, <0.09) the morning after First recognized episode of atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia 10 hours after coronary artery bypass grafting in a 42-year-old man Electrocardiographic Report


Abstract : Optimization of blast-resistant structures for combat vehicles allows for maximum protection when constrained by additional weight. Livermore Software Topology and Shape Computations (LS-TaSC) optimization software is a constraint-based hybrid cellular-automaton tool that could be used to design optimum solutions. This software takes into account size, shape, topology, and topometry (changing of element properties on an element-by-element basis). The optimization is achieved by designing for a uniform internal energy density while constraining responses such as plastic strains and Von Mises stresses. New constraints added to the LS-TaSC optimization software allow a user to specify a maximum deflection with regard to a specified mass fraction and casting direction. If a realistic mass fraction and deflection constraint combination is specified, the model will be successfully altered until a uniform internal energy density is met, thereby minimizing mass and deflection. Another beneficial feature is the addition of a casting feature, which allows users to specify the face that is to be optimized. This report explores the utility of the enhanced LS-TaSC optimization software and its applications to the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) researchers for creating optimum lightweight blast-resistant structures for future and current vehicles.


Many researches have been conducted on natural fibers and results show that it is suitable to replace synthetic fiber. In this experiment, banana fiber has been selected to study the possibility of this material as reinforcement material in composite. By using
banana fiber as a material to reinforced composite, we can fully utilize the waste rather than being abandoned and dispose. The composite are prepared by using pure polyester with 1% wt fiber loading, 2% wt fiber loading and 3% wt fiber loading reinforced polyester. Two tests were conducted, which is 3 point bending and tensile test. From this experiment, flexural stress and tensile stress of banana fiber reinforced composite are
decreased as fiber loading increased. The flexural stress of pure polyester is 55.625MPa and decreased to 34.805MPa when 3% wt fiber loading used. Meanwhile, tensile stress
of pure polyester is 19.86MPa and when 3% fiber loading used to reinforce polyester composite, the value of tensile stress reduce to 11.602MPa. Although the results showed in this experiment are not encouraging, but other research and study have proved that this material has a potential to apply in industry. The reasons that lead to these problems are discussed in chapter 4 in this report.


Lily B. Campbell's 1938 edition has decisively shaped current scholarship on the Mirror for Magistrates, a sixteenth/seventeenth-century poem taking as its subject British history. Though sixteen texts calling themselves the Mirror for Magistrates (or some variation thereon) were published between 1554/5 and 1620, under the leadership of several editors (William Baldwin, John Higgins, Thomas Blenerhasset, and Richard Niccols), Campbell focuses on the earlier versions, selectively including the 1554/5–1587 editions (the material edited by or connected to Baldwin), and excluding the seventeenth-century texts entirely. My essay endeavors first to illuminate this complex textual history, and to suggest that a reckoning with the Mirror whole opens on to some crucial concerns for the literary history of the period, such as the role of the printer in producing the text, the uses of history in public discourse, and the status of the author in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.


Electrochemical technology is playing an increasingly important role in modern society and especially in the chemical industry, see Table I. Major reasons for the shift towards electrochemical technology include: (a) the unique ability of electrolysis to bring about selective chemical change without the use of toxic reagents or hazardous conditions; (b) the myriad possibilities for the recycling of metals, chemicals and process streams; (c) the need for clean and efficient energy sources, especially for transport systems; and (d) the many opportunities for designing small and portable sensors which use electrochemical detectors. The key components of all electrochemical cells are the electrodes and, in some cases, the separators. There is little doubt that developments in both electrode materials and ion permeable membranes during the last quarter of a century have allowed the successful implementation of many novel concepts. In fact, in almost all cases where process economics require the optimisation of cell performance, electrodes made from noble metals or noble metal oxides are the components of choice. Although noble metals are expensive, their properties are such that the overall costs of the process are reduced through their use. Common features which recur in the development of materials for electrodes, with many diverse applications are: the use of platinum group metals and their oxides as coatings on inert substrates the niinimisation of the platinum metal loading the use of platinum group metal alloys or mixtures of oxides to enhance electrode stability, to improve product selectivity and/or to minimise overpotentials the fabrication of membrane/electrode combinations to reduce interelectrode gaps and hence energy inefficiencies. In this review some of the roles of the platinum group metals, in particular platinum, iridium and ruthenium, in present and potential applications of electrochemical technology will be highlighted.


Dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is significantly superior to conventional static ECG inspection in application scope and clinical study. With the increasing number of guardianship and healthcare category, health surveillance platform will produce a large number of monitoring data. The traditional monitoring technology has been unable to effectively resolve the management and analysis of those generated large data. To solve these problems, this paper proposed a cloud-based dynamic ECG monitoring and analysis system. First of all, the use of acquisition sensors for acquisition, direct access to dynamic ECG signal and acceleration data; Secondly, these sensors send the gathered data to the terminal by Bluetooth for display and further process; then, the terminal will send the generated data to Cloud Storage platform for storage. The Cloud platform utilize generic hierarchical Service Modeling Framework and Cloud Storage which is consist of relational database storage (MySQL) and distributed file system storage (HDFS). Finally, utilizing MapReduce computing framework for data mining, medical statistics and similarity correlation analysis of diseases can help expert to make a health improvement plan and guide users to manage their own health. The proposed system can also allow users to better understand their own physical condition and achieve the purpose of disease monitoring and early warning.


Elements that are foreign to the human body, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, are recognised by cells of the innate immune system. Through a process termed phagocytosis, microorganisms are bound, internalised and destroyed. In this thesis, we focus upon how host cells respond to IgG-opsonised targets, studying both the initial stages of Fc-receptor (FcR) ligation and the later stages of phagocytic cup formation. We provide evidence that after clustering of the receptors, the mobility of diacylated probes such as those found in Src-family of kinases, was reduced. This immobilisation was found to be insensitive to cholesterol depletion, arguing against a role for conventional 'lipid rafts' in the initiation of receptor signalling. Furthermore, decreased mobility was only partially dependent upon the presence of actin which could provide a physical restriction. Importantly, inhibiting Src-family kinase activity, completely abrogated immobilisation. These results are highly suggestive of a previously unrecognised mechanism for the initation of FcR signalling.


Low power electronics are the key enabling technology of a new class of highly functional portable information technology components and consumer products. The key challenge is to reduce power dissipation with minimal effect on computational performance. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies offer the capability to maintain high device integration levels, reduce power supply voltages to <1 V, and concurrently reduce device capacitance, allowing high speed operation. Potential applications and technology insertion challenges for SOI are described.


The Moderate Quantity Theory of Money (McCulloch, 1980) specifies the functional form of the price adjustment equation as: pi(t) = a(m(t-1)-md(t-1)) + E(pi(t-1)) + e(t), (1) where pi(t) is inflation at time t, a is an adjustment parameter, m(t-1) and md(t-1) are real money balances and a specification for real money demand, respectively, E(pi(t-1)) is the public's expectation, as of t-1, of pi(t), and e(t) is a white noise error term. In order to implement this model, we proxy E(pi(t-1)) with forecasts that are obtained from a univariate time series model, using monthly data only available up to time t-1, over the post-war period (Jan. 1959 - May, 1999). Although equation (1) implies that the excess supply of money also affects inflation, a small value of a and a small R-squared make it plausible that this signal is too weak to be worth the public's while to try to detect, once the history of inflation is taken into account.In the early portion of our period, a unit root in inflation may be rejected, while in the later portion, it generally cannot be. Work by Andrews (1993), Andrews and Chen (1994), Fuller (1996), and Fuller and Roy (1998) has suggested that the direct modeling of a unit root or near unit root process should be done using median unbiased estimators. It is well known that the coefficient on the AR(1) term in an OLS autoregression will be biased downward as the true value of the estimator approaches one (Mariott and Pope (1954), Pantula and Fuller (1985), and Shaman and Stine (1988). To correct for this bias, these authors calculate the bias contingent on the sample size and the true AR(1) parameter. The estimated parameter is then corrected by incorporating this bias.Since the size of the root nearest unity of the U.S. annualized monthly inflation series appears to change over time, we use an expanding window. For each month, we first estimate a modified long-lag AR process using Weighted Symmetric Least Squares as in Fuller (1996), then adjust the lead coefficient along the lines he proposes. However, in order to incorporate MA terms, we then pseudo-difference the inflation series to date using the median-unbiased AR(1) coefficient, to ensure we are dealing with a stationary series. We then fit a parsimonious ARMA, as determined by the Schartz-Bayesian Criterion, and generate one-step ahead forecasts. The entire procedure is repeated each month, using only past data, and starting with data back to January 1950.The Ljung-Box Q statistic indicates that the differenced series is quasi-white noise, i.e., the inflation series has been modeled adequately. The serially uncorrelated forecasts are then used in equation (1) to test the Moderate Quantity Theory of Money and to estimate money demand.


This article looks into the students? understanding of and participation in leisure sports by questionnaire. In accordance with their feedback and by way of classroom instruction and extracurricular activities, the author proposes certain methods and measures which are helpful for the students to foster a good habit of doing physical training voluntarily. It can provide a basis for the further study on students' lifelong physical education perspective.


Thank you very much for downloading gods goddesses and monsters an encyclopedia of world mythology. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this gods goddesses and monsters an encyclopedia of world mythology, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


This paper owes its origin to the following question posed by A. M. Sinclair, "If a linear algebra with identity has two equivalent unital algebra norms, |.|1 and |.|2, whose corresponding numerical radii, v1 and v2, are equal on the whole algebra, are |.|1 and |.|2 related? Are they, for example, necessarily equal?" We do not give a complete answer to this question but are able to give sufficient conditions on algebras of operators for v1 = v2 to imply |.|1 = |.|2 That this implication does not hold for an arbitrary algebra with identity is demonstrated by means of a counter-example. The result for operator algebras is used to deduce some essentially non numerical range results for equivalent operator norms.


Existence of a 1:1 charge transfer complexe between citraconic anhydride (CAn) and styrene (St) in the copolymerization system was confirmed. The penultimate model was shown to be the relatively adequate description of the mechanism of the copolymerization of CAn with St. The relative reactivity of maleic anhydride toward a poly(St) radical was found to be about 6.8 times higher than that of CAn. The alternating copolymer of dialkyl citraconate with St having a relatively high thermal stability was prepared by esterification of the St-CAn copolymer.


the verified cases reported. They find thirty-four verified cases of frontal abscess; five cases with autopsy in four and operative verification in fifth.


This paper describes conceptual and technical prototypes of reactive body-worn artifacts that display their history of use and communicate physical (or embodied) memory. This work concentrates on garments that reflect more subtle, playful, or poetic aspects of our identity and history.This pieces described here are part of a larger research project called Memory Rich Clothing. A variety of input and output methodologies are explored to sense and display traces of physical memory, raising the question: What exactly do we want to remember.


In this paper, the error rate of the AMI code is computed and analyzed based on AMI transfer system model, and the simulate model of the AMI transfer system is constructed based on the SIMULINK. Using the simulate model, we test the error rate of the AMI code, and discuss the relation between the property of the AMI transfer system and Eye Diagram.


The main objective of the present analysis is to explore and quantify the contribution of agricultural exports to economic growth in Pakistan. We have estimated the relationship between Gross domestic product (GDP) and agricultural and non agricultural exports for Pakistan employing Johansen co-integration technique for the period 1972 – 2008. The findings of the study show that the agricultural exports have negative and significant effect on economic growth while agricultural exports elasticity is 0.58. Moreover there is bidirectional causality in agricultural exports and real GDP. It is suggested that non agricultural exports should be promoted.


Tracking space noncooperative targets, including disabled and mobile spacecrafts, remains a challenging problem. This article develops two reinforcement-learning-based parameter-self-tuning controllers for the following two different tracking cases: case A, tracking a disabled target, and case B, tracking a mobile target. An adaptive controller consisting of five model uncertainties is adopted for case A, and a modified PD controller is derived for case B. The actor–critic framework is employed to reduce the initial control accelerations for case A and to improve the terminal tracking accuracy for case B. Relations between control parameters and tracking errors are found through the fuzzy inference system. Finally, the reinforcement learning is used to select suitable control parameters for achieving desired purposes. Numerical experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms on reducing initial control accelerations for case A and improving the terminal tracking accuracy for case B.


OSRT(Optimized Shaped Roll Technology) is based on two Chinese patents,one is VCSW,another is VCSB.This technique is used successfully on finish stands of Tangshan Guofeng 1450 hot strip mill.The products meet 18 I.U.qualification of strip flatness with strip thickness in the range of 1.2-2.5 mm.


In this paper, We propose a geometric method who use implicitly of textual and structural context of XML elements and we are particularly interested by improve the effectiveness of various structural factors for multimedia retrieval. Using a geometric metric, we can represent structural information in XML document with a vector for each element. Experimental evaluation is carried out using the INEX 2007, ImageCLEF 2010 and 2014. The results show that integration of structural context significantly improves compared results of using a single textual context. Keywords—Structural context, Textual context, Approximative resolution, XML element, Image retrieval


This article examines the use of foreign currency derivatives (FCDs) in a sample of 720 large U.S. nonfinancial firms between 1990and 1995 and its potential impact on firm value. Using Tobin's Q as a proxy for firm value, we find a positive relation between firm value and the use of FCDs. The hedging premium is statistically and economically significant for firms with exposure to exchange rates and is on average 4.87% of firm value. We also find some evidence consistent with the hypothesis that hedging causes an increase in firm value.


The notorious quantum measurement problem brings out the difficulty to reconcile two quantum postulates: the unitary evolution of closed quantum systems and the wave-function collapse after a measurement. This problematics is particularly highlighted in the Wigner's friend thought experiment, where the mismatch between unitary evolution and measurement collapse leads to conflicting quantum descriptions for different observers. A recent no-go theorem has established that the (quantum) statistics arising from an extended Wigner's friend scenario is incompatible when one try to hold together three innocuous assumptions, namely no-superdeterminism, parameter independence and absoluteness of observed events. Building on this extended scenario, we introduce two novel measures of non-absoluteness of events. The first is based on the EPR2 decomposition, and the second involves the relaxation of the absoluteness hypothesis assumed in the aforementioned no-go theorem. To prove that quantum correlations can be maximally non-absolute according to both quantifiers, we show that chained Bell inequalities (and relaxations thereof) are also valid constraints for Wigner's experiment.


The tegument of the procercoid of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi was studied by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The tegument of the procercoid consists of an outer syncytial layer with underlaying perikarya.The outer portion of the tegument is composed of a dense layer of microtriches and some tumuli.The microtriches are longer and thicker than those on the adult worm,which are monomorphic and might be stripped off during their establishment in definite hosts and then re occur on the tegument surface of adult worms. The tumuli are spaced on the anterior part of the procercoid,containing electron dense inclusions.Three types of secretion processes are observed in the tegumental cytoplasm,i.e.,apocrine,eccrine and microapocrine processes.The ducts of the penetration gland open at the hook region at the posterior end of the procercoid.Muscle bundles can be seen within the perinuclear region and just below the fibrous layer.The function of tumuli of procercoid also is discussed in this paper.


Recently a new information display technique named temporal psychovisual modulation (TPVM) was developed to extend the utilities of optoelectronic displays. A typical usage of TPVM is the backward-compatible stereoscopic display, where a stereoscopic view is perceived with 3-D glasses while a 2-D view of the same scene is concurrently available for naked-eye viewers. The most challenging part of this task is to display a clean 2-D image without ghosting artifacts. In order to reduce the ghosting artifacts, we present an improved TPVM system for backward-compatible stereoscopic display. Different from previous approaches, we rebuild the TPVM system by investigating the light perception process of human eyes, and reformulate the problem as a minimization of the light intensity difference between the target and perceived views. In order to derive the light intensities, we model it as a monotonie increasing function of the pixel intensity consisting of a scaling plus an offset, and incorporate this model into our system. By solving the optimization problem, ghosting artifacts are significantly reduced in the 2-D view. Moreover, a closed-form solution is provided for real-time applications. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to previous approaches in terms of the 2-D view quality, while the quality of the 3-D view remains unchanged.


A videorecording of an interview with Dr. Jeri Pfeifer, Director of Academic Services for Abilene Christian University, and Steve Hare, Clinical Director of the the Abilene MHMR Treatment Center, as they discuss holiday stress. The interview was conducted on November 29, 1989.


Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare, but life-threatening, complication following solid organ transplantation or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The clinical features of PTLD are usually nonspecific and patients present a series of clinical symptoms depending on the extent and severity of organ involvement. In addition to the lymph nodes, extra nodal sites include the central nervous system (CNS), skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, kidney and bone marrow. PTLD encompasses a wide range of diseases, including benign hyperplasia and malignant lymphomas. However, there are no reports of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma after allogenic HSCT (allo-HSCT). EBV is known to play a major role in the development of PTLD after allo-HSCT, and monitoring of EBVDNA in high-risk patients after HSCT is necessary. Because of the wide spectrum of diseases and scarcity of prospective phase II and III studies, there are currently no uniformly applicable guidelines for the treatment of PTLD after allo-HSCT. The treatment strategy for PTLD is controversial, and the outcomes of common therapies including immune suppression reduction (ISR), multiagent chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion are not satisfactory. In recent years, rituximab (a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20) has been confirmed to be efficient in the prevention and treatment of PTLD. Herein, we report a patient who developed gastric MALT lymphoma with elevation of the EBV-DNA load in the peripheral blood after receiving allo-HSCT against severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The patient was finally completely relieved using a combination of ISR and chemotherapy with a regimen of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (R-CVP). A 25-year-old EBV-seronegative woman with SAA received allo-HSCT from a 6/6 human leukocyte antigen-matched, EBV-seronegative related donor (her brother). The patient received a conditioning regimen of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CTX) (days 6 to 3) and 3.15 mg/kg rabbit anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG) (days 6 to 3). At the same time, 1 mg/d kg methylprednisolone (days 6 to 3) was given as a


Conventional procedures can be used to obtain derivatives of carboxylic acid groups pendent to a cage amine complex. Polyamines (spermine, 323 tet) with both primary and secondary N-centres react predominantly at the former to give cage-substituted straight-chain amines carrying particularly high charges in aqueous solutions. Branched derivatives are obtained in reactions with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren), though under the conditions associated with the use of an acyl chloride rather than an ester as the activated form of the reactant complex, poor yields of orthoamide species are obtained with this polyamine. Activation using the peptide-forming reagent EDC (1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide) enables ready coupling of the cage to phenylalanine.


In a standard IS-LM model the effects of monetary policy on real activity come through the demand for money and the (unique) interest rate. Actually, under imperfect substitution among financial instruments, shocks of monetary policy will affect the relative structure of interest rates. In this paper we analyse the information content of the relative structure of interest rates on Belgian economic activity, measured through a set of proxy variables like industrial production, investment, etc. In order to analyse their informative content, we have performed Granger-causality tests and Var analysis. We have then compared the predictive power of spreads with other financial variables such as interest rates, monetary and credit aggregates and exchange rates. A major conclusion is that " bank-related " spreads are informative about economic activity. This seems to confirm the important role banks play on economic activity.


Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW2 Method). By J. M. Tanner, R. H. Whitehouse, W. A. Marshall, M. J. R. Healy and H. Goldstein. London and New York, Academic Press, 1975. vii, 99p. 31 cm. £9·00.


Objective
To investigate the effect of Propranolol and Phentolamine on neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE) in rats.

Methods
One hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (group A), the NPE group (group B), the Propranolol treatment group (group C) and the Phentolamine treatment group (group D), 30 cases in each group.Diffuse brain injury was induced in the latter 3 groups.The lung wet/dry ratio was calculated.HE staining was used to measure the histological changes in the lung tissues.The levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) in the serum and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of NPY and SP in the lung tissues were demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining, and immunohistochemical scores (IHS) were measured after scarifying the animals at different time points (0.5, 6.0 and 24.0 h after injury).

Results
Compared with group A, water volume in the lungs in group B increased at 24.0 h (P<0.05); NPY content in the serum was elevated at 6.0 h, while that in BALF was elevated at 6.0 h and 24.0 h (all P<0.05); SP content in the serum was elevated at 0.5 h and 6.0 h (all P<0.05), while that in BALF was elevated at 0.5 h (P<0.05); The expression of NPY protein in the lung tissue increased at 0.5 h, 6.0 h and 24.0 h (all P<0.05), while the level of SP protein increased at 0.5 h (P<0.05). Compared with group B, water volume in the lungs in group C was higher at 6.0 h and 24.0 h(all P<0.05); NPY concentrations in the serum were higher at 6.0 h and 24.0 h (all P<0.05), while those in BALF were higher at 0.5 h, 6.0 h, and 24.0 h (all P<0.05); SP concentrations in serum and BALF were higher at 0.5 h (all P<0.05). The expression of NPY protein increased at 6.0 h (P<0.05), while the levels of SP protein increased at 0.5 h, 6.0 h and 24.0 h(all P<0.05). Compared with group B, the level of NPY in serum in group D was lower at 6.0 h, and that in BALF was lower at 6.0 h and 24.0 h (all P<0.05). The level of SP in serum was lower at 0.5 h (P<0.05). The expression of NPY protein decreased at 6.0 h and 24.0 h (all P<0.05), while the levels of SP protein decreased at 0.5 h (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Phentolamine is effective in reducing NPE through reduction of NPY and SP, while propranolol can stimulate the release of NPY and SP to aggravate NPE following traumatic brain injury in rats.

Key words:
Propranolol; Phentolamine; Neurogenic pulmonary edema; Neuropeptide Y; Substance P


Abstract Walter Russell Mead responds to the forum panelists critiquing his Sept./Oct. 2006 Foreign Affairs article, "God's Country?", grouping their responses in two categories: questions about whether the article accurately captures the forces at work in American evangelical religion; and questions about whether the positive assessment of the capacity of evangelicals to play a constructive role in American foreign policy is justified. The critiques are clarified and counter-critiqued, concluding that evangelicals are already well-established in the foreign policy community and can make the transition to sustained engagement in the international system.


During the FARA programme, hydrothermal sites were discovered and studied on the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Amphipods were collected during Alvin dives at two sites: Lucky Strike and Snake Pit. Four new species are described: Gitanopsis alvina, Bouvierella curtirama, Luckia striki and Steleuthera ecoprophycea, one of which requires the new genus Luckia. No Lysiannassoidea on Pardaliscidae have been collected at the Atlantic sites although together they represent more than 99% of collections made at vent localities in the East Pacific. This difference is discussed together with the different trophic groups characteristic of hydrothermal vents.


This paper describes the use of the concept of an Open Learner Model as a means by which students can be supported in their reflection on their learning at University level. The work is situated within a ―blended‖ learning environment consisting of both classroom teaching and an online learning management system (Moodle). The topic studied by the students is a second year module on ―Computer System and Architecture‖. This work focuses on how blended learning has an impact on learning achievement comparing to the normal classroom learning with the same learning contents. The results show that students from blended learning environment have a bigger difference in mean scores comparing between pre-test and post-test. Furthermore, the significant correlations between AllTest, NetScore and Post-test can be inferred that this way of learning, through responsibility and self-regulation - the way of knowing themselves - for lesson activities of learners is a key factor for successful learning.


In present practice, the decision as to whether a device has suffered damage as a result of exposure to a severe environment is generally based on operability during and after exposure, and visual inspection. Since these measures do not necessarily disclose the presence of mechanical faults, particularly in sealed units that are to see service, a need exists for a purely structural test to tell if a failure has occurred. Mechanical impedance techniques offer an opportunity for structural characterization to determine whether or not a device conforms to a predetermined standard or has suffered a change as a result of its history. From reference to network theory, it can be shown that changes in the resonant and antiresonant frequencies are sensitive indicators of change in a structure; these have the advantage of being relatively easy to measure with accuracy. The length of time that the structure must be excited in order to make the necessary measurements for such a test can be minimized by using random‐n...


The new concept of filtering the nonlinear spectrum of signal in order to reduce the noise-induced signal degradation is introduced and, as the result, the performance improvement at high powers is demonstrated.


This article argues for the importance of mapping as a multisensory research method in terms of its ability to evoke relationships between place, lived experience, and community. Based on an interdisciplinary summer research course for graduate and undergraduate students that focused on the analysis and design of appropriate development strategies for the El Chorrillo neighborhood in Panama City, Panama, the author describes a research project that combined arts-based research, design and urban planning methods, and ethnography to develop visual fieldwork methods for site-based research, urban planning, and community development in which mapping featured prominently as part of the research. The purpose of this article is to establish an argument for the unique contribution of mapping as a qualitative method, particularly in the ways that contemporary aesthetics of mapping can be used to evoke the lived experience of social, cultural, and political issues related to place.


We discuss and compare three different causality inconsistency tracking mechanisms in support of preemptive rollback in optimistic parallel simulation on myrinet clusters. These mechanisms exhibit different communication/processing overhead and also different effectiveness in revealing causality inconsistency of the currently executed simulation event. By the results of an empirical study on a classical simulation benchmark we have found some trade-offs between these mechanisms, pointing out indications of application contexts for which each mechanism is expected to be well tailored.


Malocclusion is one of the significant issues confronted during mixed dentition stage, particularly during dentofacial development and traverses from the sixth to twelfth year of life (1, 2). A majority of these malocclusions develop because of arch length-tooth size discrepancies (3) . Early diagnosis and intervention of developing malocclusions can have both short and long term benefits while accomplishing the objective of occlusal harmony, function and dentofacial aesthetics (4).


Contrast media vary in their ionic status, viscosity, osmolarity—and these factors all play into clinical effects. Iso‐osmolar and low‐osmolar contrast media dominate clinical use today. The differences between these two agents in terms of kidney injury remain uncertain. Ionic agents have theoretical properties which may help prevent thrombus formation; however this phenomenon has not translated to differences in clinical outcomes.


The previous paper in this series describes probe beam application as a monitoring technique during YAG laser welding and clarifies the effectiveness of this method through rationalisation of the probe beam irradiation conditions during weld monitoring. During monitoring of the welding process, however, it is important to detect welding defects. Monitoring of defects in CO 2 laser welding has been previously reported in a handful of papers. 3 These efforts have to some extent seen practical applications for detection of perforations and underfills in welding of thin sheets. During detection of underfills in welding of thin sheets, however, the percentage of underfills is high in relation to the sheet thickness, and it remains unclear whether monitoring can be performed with much the same accuracy during welding of thick plates. For detection of defects in YAG laser welding, welding of thin sheets of around 1 mm thickness has been investigated, 6 but these studies focus on detection of the penetration depth and lap welding defects, whereas detection of underfills and misalignments in butt welding has so far been little documented. In the area of YAG laser welding of thick plates, detection tests during full penetration welding by bead-on-plate welding have been reported. For welding of thick plates, however, the literature contains few studies of continuous high-power laser welding and welding being performed by increasing the peak value of the laser power in pulsed welding. The purpose of this paper is to describe a technology for detection of defects during continuous high-power YAG laser welding of thick plates. Full and partial penetration detection tests are conducted by bead-onplate welding. Butt weld gap and misalignment detection tests are also conducted by butt welding. The changes in the monitoring signals then used to detect these defects are investigated, and a rational detection approach is proposed.


A control system based on S7-200 PLC in the Concrete Mixing Station is designed, and the flow, hardware configuration and software realization of the system are analyzed. Economy, stability and effective performance are the reasons. It was successfully used in the project.


We extend Wolff's theorem concerning ideals on H-infinity(D) to the matrix case, giving conditions under which an H-infinity solution G to the equation FG = H exists for all z in D, where F is an m-by-infinity matrix of functions in H-infinity (D), and H is an m-by-1 vector of such functions. We then examine several useful results.


We prove the sharp embedding between the spectral Barron space and the Besov space. Given the spectral Barron space as the target function space, we prove a dimension-free result that if the neural network contains $L$ hidden layers with $N$ units per layer, then the upper and lower bounds of the $L^2$-approximation error are $\mathcal{O}(N^{-sL})$ with $0<sL\le 1/2$, where $s$ is the smoothness index of the spectral Barron space.


In order to investigate the effect of rectal dissension on the general cardiovascular system, we measured systemic arterial pressure (BP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), +dP/dt, -dP/dt and blood flows to various peripheral tissues (microsphere technique) before and during rectal distension in 35 rats. The rectal distension (intra-rectal pressure increased to 36±12 mmHg by placement of 0.7 ml normal saline into rectal ballon) significantly decreased BP from 134±17 to 114±18 mmHg, LVP (-14%), +dP/dt max (-20%) and –dP/dt max(-20%). These variables returned to control levels by 1.5 to 3.5 min following the end of the 3.5 Min distension period. Rectal distension also produced recurrent ectopic beasts, particularly when extrasystoles were occationally present before the distension. Rectal distension increased anal-rectal blood flow 0.26±0.07 to 0.64±0.14 ml min-1 g-1 (p<0.05); significantly decreased (p<0.05) the blood flows to the colon, cecum , ileum, jejunum, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney and spleen, and had no effect on the blood flows to the esophagus, duodenum, right and left ventricle, brain, diaphragm, thoracic or abdominal skeletal muscles, and abdominal skin. Rectal distension tended to decrease the cardiac output index (COI) form 25±8 to 20±6 ml min-1 100g-1 BW (0.1>P>0.05). When the above tissue blood flows were standarsized as a ratio to COI, rectal distension increased the ration to the anal-rectum, but the ratio decreased in spleen and has no effect on the ration of flow to the other gastrointestinal organs, kidneys and peripheral tissues. Therefore, the decreases in the gastro-intestinal and renal blood flows were partially due to the decrease in the cardiac output. These results indicate that rectal distension increases anal—rectal blood flow, but decreased the blood flows to the other gastro-intestinal organs, possibly via cardiac depression. (Tzu-Chi Med j 1994; 6: 245-255)


Excited state absorption spectra of Cr4+-doped garnets and wurtzite-like crystals were measured between 400 nm and 2000 nm. In Cr4+:Y3Al5O12, a strong polarization dependence of the excited state absorption is observed, while it diminishes for Cr4+:Y3Sc0.5Al4.5O12 and is almost not observed in Cr4+:Y3Sc2Ga3O12. FOr Cr4+:LiAlO2 and Cr4+:LiGaO2 the region of the emission is overlapped by excited state absorption and nonlaser oscillation at room temperature is expected.


We study in this paper the performance of a one-way cooperative transmission system using differential PSK (DPSK) modulation with differential detection. As opposed to previous works which consider either a decode-and-forward (DF) or an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay, we adopt in this paper a phase-forward (PF) relay, whereby each forwarded symbol has constant modulus and a phase equals the phase of the corresponding relay's received symbol. The rationale for adopting this relaying strategy is to avoid potential non-linear amplifier distortion in an amplify-and-forward relay, as well as the implicit information loss/quantization in a DF relay. Through analysis and simulation, we found that this PF-DPSK cooperative transmission scheme has a lower bit-error rate (BER) than that of its DF counterpart. Furthermore, by adopting a threshold-based selective forwarding approach, it can attain a BER similar to that of AF. Finally, we anticipate that PF is most useful in two or multi-way relaying, in which any non-linear amplifier distortion on an AF signal will manifest into significant inter-modulation.


Abstract An organisational development methodology (ODM) of transformation is being designed to carry out radical changes in a small number of complex networks of organisations or organisational ecosystems. They are collaborating on a regional systemic change towards a sustainable and integral quality of life. The complex organisational networks have a combination of private, public and social institutions. The public and private organisations have a traditional vertical form of organisation, in contrast with some of the social organisations that have a flat form of structure, such as NGO environmental networks. We are working on three organisational networks, one has a local aim, another a national scope and the third one a continental dimension. At the end of this article, we show as a case study the first one of these organisational networks. The ODM has different stages of transformation, devised as evolutionary Life Cycles (Peon 1996):   When the system is born, a fast radical process of change begins.  It is followed by a slow adaptive or evolutionary process of transformation.  When the system stops growing a slow stage of maturation follows.  At the end of the Life Cycle a stage of obsolescence and/or a new stage of radical transformation begins. These stages of the ODM are conceived as an action-research systemic process of planned change, aimed to improve the efficiency of the organisational model under the conceptual guidelines of the Ecosystemic Metaphor. The strategic intervention has technical, economic, social, cultural, political and environmental dimensions. In each stage of the long-term intervention process, there is a careful selection of the most relevant issues. This is a simplistic description of a complex nonlinear process of change.


Lingerfelt discusses the hardware business begun by his grandfather in 1929. By offering personal service, they continue to compete with the discount chain stores. McAdams, long-time store employee, describes his service in the armed forces and his work with the hardware store.


Contract interpretation is an understudied topic in the economic analysis of contract law. This paper combines simple formal analysis of the tradeoffs involved in interpretation with applications to the principal doctrines of contract interpretation, including the four corners rule, mutual mistake, contra proferentum, and what I call the (informal but very important) rule of extrinsic nonevidence. Gap filling is distinguished, and the relativity of interpretive doctrine to the interpretive medium - jurors, arbitrators, and judges in different kinds of judicial system - is emphasized.


DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.-At a meeting on June 28tlh, Dr. ALFREI) XUDOWES, Vice-President, in the chair, Mr. G. W. DAWSON sliowed (1) a man with a peculiar thickening of the terminal phalanx of the left -thumb, said to have started as an eczema; (2) a woman, aged 46, witlh lupus erythematosus of the face and fingers; (3) a man with acne varioloformis of the scalp.-Dr. EDDOWES showed a woman with an acute spreading lupus erythematosus of the face.Mr. T. J. P. HARTIGAN showed (1) a girl with a peculiar eruption around the nose of fourteen years' duration; (2) a mian with a vesicular eruption affecting the limbs, lhaving some resemblance to a varioloid syphlilide; (3) a young mran witlh Darier's disease, and also coloured drawings of tlhe disease taken from this patient and from a girl previously exhibitecl before the Society; (4) an infant with urticaria pigmentosa; (5) a young woman with a curious acineiform eruption upon the face and trunk; from tlle papules small sebaceous plugs lhad been observed to extrude; the condition was most probably one of keratosis follicularis contagiosa (Brooke).-Dr. QORAH1AM LITTLE showed (1) a young woman witlh koilonychia or " spoon-nail "; (2) a little girl with a tuberculide upon the lower limbs upoIn which were seen numerous pitted scars, the results of older lesionis.


Here we give an algorithm for solving the following problem. Let m<n integer vectors be given in the n-dimensional real space. Their linear span forms a linear subspace L in Rn. It is required to calculate such an unimodular matrix that a linear transformation with it transforms the subspace L into a coordinate one. Also, programs that implement the algorithms and power transformations, for which they are needed, are given.


This paper applies cost-benefit analysis and marginal analysis to the three options proposed by BLG Sub-committee for reduction of air pollution of sulphur from ships.The factors in the two analysis methodologies are examined and the evaluation of the three options is conducted.It is concluded that option 3 be more economically efficient on the global and regional scale.As to a specific country,further data and study is required to make a decision.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of concept-based teaching on problem-solving skills development, creative thinking, and self-regulation learning in elementary sixth grade science. The quasi-experimental study method was used to design unbalanced groups with pre-test and post-test. 45 students from two classes in one of the primary schools of Kamyaran city (in Iran) participated in this study and were selected through available sampling method (24 experimental and 21 control groups). The experimental group was trained through concept-based modeling and the control group was trained through traditional and conventional teaching methods. This period was eight weeks. Data collection tools included Parker Problem Solving Questionnaire, Torrance Form A Creativity Assessment Image Questionnaire, and ASRQ Self-Regulated Learning Strategies Questionnaire which were used as pre-test and post-test. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way and multi-way covariance) were used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that students who were trained through concept-based model had higher problem-solving score, creative thinking and self-regulation compared to the traditional-trained students. this study was to investigate the effectiveness of concept-based design education on problem-solving skills development, creative thinking, and self-regulated learning in elementary sixth grade science courses compared to traditional methods. The statistical population of the study was all male students of sixth grade elementary school in Kamyaran city (in Iran). Among them, 45 education students were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into experimental (24 person) and control (21 person) groups. problem solving questionnaires, Torrance Form a creative thinking, and academic self-regulation were used to test the research hypotheses. In the following we will discuss and explain the findings and also the findings of this study are compared with previous research.


Architects facing the challenge of designing facilities for problem areas of a specialized nature or for areas new to their experience face the formidable task of acquiring a sufficient base of information to permit the full utilization of their design capabilities. The architect today would like to identify his role as a comprehensive problem solver and yet works within a fee structure and time schedule more reflective of a les s demanding description of his functions. His ability to deal thoroughly with design issues is frustrated by his inability to command the resources of time and manpower to develop the necessary information base needed for a penetrating design analysis. On normal time pres sures, he can penetrate the problem to the extent of becoming familiar with some of the basic literature, perhaps visit comparable facilities and in addition to whatever can be supplied by the owner group, make do with this level of preparation. The same pattern of invol vement is repeated over and over in various communities with little pos sibility for any designer to make a significantly greater depth of penetration into the problem except through specialization. The architect so prepared is not in a strong position to raise, in the pregramming phase, the penetrating questions which direct the users to more thoroughly question their premises and demand a significant improvement in the performance expected, nor can he serve as well the function of providing preliminary design and cost implication of various alternative operating policies which are valuable, essential elements of the programming dialogue.


Porous silicon layer was prepared on the surface of polycrystalline silicon by chemical etching.The surface morphology,polycrystalline silicon minority carrier lifetime and resistivity of the porous silicon layers etched for different times were investigated after impurity removing by external gettering heat treatment.The results show that with the prolongation of etching time,the surface morphology of porous silicon layer was different,the pore diameter of the porous silicon got large gradually,the minority carrier lifetime and the resistivity were enhanced too. Some partial areas of porous silicon collapsed and the wall of holes turned thinner after etching for 14 min.The minority carrier lifetime and the resistivity of porous silicon reached 0.98μs and 0.16Ω?cm respectively after etching 11 min and gettering treatment at 850℃.


line at random, without overlap. 2. The given path length is placed at random on the long line. Some related experimental work has been done [1], with photomicrographs of sections on solid Boron Carbide-Zirconium mixtures. In this work a number of linear paths of fixed length and parallel to one axis of the photograph were taken at positions along the other axis of the photograph and the length of Boron Carbide covered by each path was measured. It is interesting to note that the frequency of zero fraction intercept predicted by the idealization was in good agreement with experimental results. The small differences found were in the direction suggested by the fact that the sampled line had to be of finite thickness. That is, the predicted frequency of zero intercept tended to be slightly higher than observed. 2. Assumptions and Summary of Results. We assume we have a sample of line segments A1, A2, X , * * An which are independent random drawings from a universe of segments with probability density p(A), 0 nAM. We call a configuration admissible if


Studies on display has been requested some major changes due to the high growth of the handheld terminal market. Therefore, the self emitting OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) has been interested as a next generation flat plane display because of its preeminent characteristics such as quick response characteristics, higher performance viewing angle, low power consumption, and panel floating. However, a trend of the display market is moving to three dimensional image processing instead of two dimensional flat display and various researches on display using hologram makes up for the difficulty in three dimensional display using typical flat display. In this study the Lenticular Screen Printing method is presented so that it can be applicable to organic semiconductor display devices and makes possible three dimensional display using flat display for complement the drawback of inorganic semiconductor.


The design and performance of high power GaAs MESFET oscillators are described for two commercially available MESFET transistors. The oscillators were fabricated with packaged common-gate transistors on microstrip circuits. Power levels, and efficiencies are comparable to amplifier performance at the same frequency.


Environmental concerns, supported by regulatory frameworks, have encouraged the conversion of organic and biological waste into fertilizers and soil conditioners (so‐called green waste) that are being increasingly used on arable fields. Recent work has shown that the level of ferrous contaminants within this waste can have a detrimental impact on shallow geophysical prospection methods that use the principles of magnetism. This paper highlights the negative impact of this new agricultural practice on the historic environment and calls for tighter regulation of green waste. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This research was conducted to determine the impact of diet supplementation with yeast cell walls (YCW) and Yucca schidigera extract (YE) on performance, egg weight, specific gravity, body weight, and intestinal tissue histology in layer hens. White, 48-week-old, Hyline hybrid hens (n=320) were divided into four main groups, each comprising eight groups of 10 hens: (1) control, (2) 500 mg/kg YCW added, (3) 500 mg/kg YE added and (4) 250 mg/kg YE plus 2500 mg/kg YCW added. While the egg production and feed intake of the hens was significantly affected, overall feed efficiency, damaged-egg ratio, dirty-egg ratio, egg weight and specific gravity did not differ between the control group and the YCW, YE or YCW+YE groups. Final body weight was higher in the YCW, YE and YCW+YE groups than in the control group. There were differences in the width, muscle layer thickness and height/crypt depth ratio of the duodenal villus and the width of the ileal villus among the four groups. It can be concluded that YCW and YCW+YE supplementation for layer hens are beneficial for egg production.


Internal cracking in DC casting billet of high strength Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated. The internal crack occurs in the mush zone, and the fractured surfaces of DC billet have a rupture structure where intergranular fractures with remaining liquid around interdendritic regions were observed. Furthermore, an unsteady-state thermal conduction analysis in the casting process of billet was performed. The effects of solidification parameters such as the cooling rate and thermal gradient on internal crack in DC billet were analytically investigated. By comparing the calculated results with the experimental ones, the criterion of internal crack was quantitatively determined. Main conclusions obtained are; (1) Starting point of crack is considered to be at the position about from the starting level in the center of the billet. (2) The difference of cooling rates between the surface and center was one of the criteria for crack generation. When the difference exceeded 6.0K/s, a crack is generated. It is considered that the difference of thermal gradients between the surface and center is possibly one of the criteria for the crack formation. When the difference exceeded 3500K/m, the billet will be cracked.


PURPOSE: An online discussion ability authentication method and a system performing the method according to a discussion type are provided to improve the discussion ability of the participants by freely selecting the participants. CONSTITUTION: A server transmits a plurality of discussion types to a terminal of a first user(S10). The server receives one discussion type selected by the first user(S20). The server selects one user as a discussion participant(S30). The server transmits a discussion theme to the terminal of the other user. The server plants trees the discussion videos received through terminals(S60).


The random noise is an important factor that affects the precision of MEMS gyroscope. Analyzed the noise characteristic of gyroscope by using Allan variance, introduced the thought of wavelet threshold de-noising method, and presented an improved wavelet threshold quantization function. Expatriate the complete build process of wavelet threshold denoising scheme and examined the effectiveness and repeatability of the scheme. Static and dynamic tests show that: the program can effectively eliminate random noise MEMS gyroscopes, improved stability characteristics of the signal.


EDITOR,—I support John Pearn's view that publication of research findings is an ethical imperative.1 The medical community at large can assess the status of something only if all the relevant information is available.

The pharmaceutical industry is often accused of selective publication of results, and there is some truth in the accusation. There is just as much truth, however, in the charge that academics also fail to publish important items of information. They may not be driven by financial conflicts …


With 38 years of experience in education behind him, 25 as a secondary school principal, this author expresses his concern about the effec tiveness of teacher negotiations. He asks many basic questions about the process, and urges administrators to key roles in decision making.


UNDERLYING all curricula for the preparation of teachers is the assumption that knowledge of professional subject matter is one factor in teaching success. The purpose of this study was to seek an answer to the question: What are the relationships between knowledge of professional subject matter on the one hand and certain factors possibly related to the acquisition of such knowledge on the other? Staff members and senior women majoring in physical education in forty-six colleges, universities, and teachers colleges participated in the study.


We survey methods that utilize Monte Carlo (MC) integration to simulate light transport in scenes with participatingmedia. The goal of this course is to complement a recent Eurographics 2018 stateof-the-art report providing a broad overview of most techniques developed to date, including a few methods from neutron transport, with a focus on concepts that are most relevant to CG practitioners. The wide adoption of path-tracing algorithms in high-end realistic rendering has stimulated many diverse research initiatives aimed at efficiently rendering scenes with participatingmedia. More computational power has enabled holistic approaches that tie volumetric effects and surface scattering together and simplify authoring workflows. Methods that were previously assumed to be incompatible have been unified to allow renderers to benefit from each method's respective strengths. Generally, investigations have shifted away from specialized solutions, e.g. for singleor multiplescattering approximations or analytical methods, towards the more versatile Monte Carlo algorithms that are currently enjoying a widespread success in many production settings. The goal of this course is to provide the audience with a deep, up-to-date understanding of key techniques for free-path sampling, transmittance estimation, and light-path construction in participating media, including those that are presently utilized in production rendering systems. We present a coherent overview of the fundamental building blocks and we contrast the various advanced methods that build on them, providing attendees with guidance for implementing existing solutions and developing new ones. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). SIGGRAPH '18 Courses, August 12-16, 2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada © 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-5809-5/18/08. https://doi.org/10.1145/3214834.3214877 CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies → Computer graphics; Rendering; Ray tracing;


Accurate precipitation prediction is of vital importance to give healthy and sustainable development of agricultural production, ecological environment, economy, and society. The randomness and uncertainty of precipitation events make precipitation prediction challenging. Therefore, a novel hybrid deep learning architecture is proposed in this paper. The model first uses the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) and the Variational mode decomposition (VMD) decomposition method to denoise the input sequence to improve the accuracy and stability of the prediction. Then, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to perform local feature extraction for each intrinsic mode function (IMF) after decomposition, and the features extracted by the CNN are fed into a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) for sequence modeling. In addition, to further improve the performance of the model, an attention mechanism (AT) is used to dynamically adjust the weights of different time steps to better capture the important information in the sequences. Finally, it is applied to the precipitation prediction in Lanzhou City, and the results show that the proposed model has good prediction performance in precipitation prediction and outperforms other models.


The majori ty of Gram-negative bacilli are described as highly resistant to penicillin (1). I t was recently reported by the author of this paper tha t E. coli m ay be considerably more susceptible to the drug than has hitherto been assumed. I t s inhibitory effect could be overlooked in tests against an excessively large number of organisms. On repeated tests with a laboratory strain of E. coli (No. 42) in the same batch of meat infusion broth, a linear relationship was obtained between the log of initial bacterial concentration (horizontal axis, x) and the amount of penicillin necessary for complete inhibition of growth (vertical axis, y). When abscissas were log 3 to log 8 of bacterial concentration per ml. a t zero hours, and the ordinates were 4 to 36.5 Oxford units of penicillin per ml., a straight line was obtained which could be fairly accurately expressed by a two-point equation y = 6.5 x -15.5. The slope varied, however, in different batches of broth. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the organism could be significantly enhanced when a mixture of methionine and normal blood serum was added to the medium. I t appeared from the above observations that medium ingredients or bacterial metabolites may be capable of altering the action of penicillin (2). The studies embodied in this paper deal with the antagonistic and enhancing effects of certain amino acids upon the susceptibility of various groups of Gram-negative aerobic bacilli.


This report examines an innovative new model of providing funding to projects and businesses, the Crowdfunding model. This new form of financing that allows people or businesses to seek small amounts in the form of donation, loan or investment from large numbers of people rather than large amounts from a few, has emerged in the US and numerous European countries in recent years. In 2011 alone, $1.5 billion was raised through crowdfunding for projects and businesses in need of funds. Not only does the model provide finance but also access to a large number of people who can test and market an idea. Crowdfunding takes a number of different forms, the most successful of which has been the reward-based model where participants receive non-financial rewards in exchange for donating to a project. The model effectively harnesses not only the contributors' desire for the reward but also the intrinsic or social motivations to back a project. Other forms of the model are, however, also growing rapidly. The most recent of these are: i) equity crowdfunding, where individuals receive small stakes in a privately owned young business in return for investment and ii), peer to peer lending to businesses, where individuals lend small amount to businesses in return for a competitive yield.


The influence of Mn concentration on the electromechanical response d33 of Mn‐doped ZnO films has been investigated. It is found that d33 decreases slightly with the increase of Mn concentration until 4.8 at%, and then increases rapidly with Mn concentration increasing further. The maximum d33 value of ∼86 pC/N is obtained in Zn0.913Mn0.087O films. When the Mn concentration exceeds 8.7 at%, d33 turns to decrease. We suggest that Mn valence and ionic size in Mn‐doped ZnO films play important roles in the electromechanical response. The improved piezoelectric properties could make Mn‐doped ZnO a promising candidate for piezoelectric devices. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Verticillium Wilt Disease is one of the most important diseases affecting the rate of cotton yield. There is no economic chemical control for Verticillium wilt, but it is recommended to use resistant varieties to control this disease. This experiment was carried out in a randomized plot design with four replications in the growth chamber to determine the response of some cotton cultivars against a defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes of Verticilllium dahliae Kleb. In the study, a total of twenty cotton cultivars i.e. the resistant control GIZA 75, the tolerant control CARMEN and the susceptible control ACALA SJ2, defoliating (PYDV6 isolate) and non-defoliating (Vd 11 isolate) pathotypes were used, and cotton varieties were tested using conidial suspension technique. Analysis of variance showed significantly (P<0.05) differences among cotton cultivars. The lowest disease severity for the defoliating pathotype was determined in the resistant control GIZA 75 (1.00), followed by the tolerant control CARMEN (1.75) and FAMOSA (1.87). The highest disease severity was determined in the susceptible control ACALA SJ2 by 3.50 and BEREN by 3.12. The lowest disease severity for the non-defoliating pathotype was again determined in the resistant control GIZA 75 by 0.35, followed by the tolerant control CARMEN and GAIA. The highest disease severity value was again found in the susceptible control ACALA SJ2 by 2.50 followed by BEREN 2.12. As a result, cotton cvs FAMOSA and GAIA were tolerant to Verticillium wilt and BEREN was found to be susceptible.


In this paper, we give new essential norm estimates of weighted composition operators from into the Bloch space, where u is a function analytic on the unit disc and is an analytic self-map of . Moreover, a new characterization for the boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition operators is obtained by the nth power of the symbol and the Volterra operators and .


In international business (IB) literature, traditional theories cannot fully accommodate the phenomenon of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from developing countries. China, the country tha...


During the last years the problem of global
warming and the effects on mankind has come
more and more to the public awareness. The
result is that the number of environmental
protection programs has been increased as well
as the funding for research projects in this area.
But in the field of aviation, the development of
environmental concepts has not been a main
focus in the past.
The Total Airport Management initiative is
developed to become a future concept for
airport management. As a future concept TAM
needs to focus on the various disciplines, like
operational improvements. One of those is the
application of environmental models and the
function of being environmental friendly. The
intention of this paper is to show the ability to
implement environmental planning within TAM,
as well as applied models for such a concept.
The conclusion is that future work has to be
conducted to this topic to produce a better
understanding of the environmental effects due
to aviation and how these effects could be
minimized and taken into consideration with
regard to Airport Operations.


Rcsearchers have identified four career stages hat employees pass through: exploration, establishmcnt, maintenance, and disengagcrnent. This study explored the impact of real estate salespeople's career stages on attitudes toward their jobs and perfor- mance. The sample consisted of 241 full-time real estate salespeople in Missouri. The results of this study showed that Ule lowest levels of organizational commitment, job involvement, perceived job chal- lenge, and job satisfaction were found for real estate salespeople in the exploration stage and the disengagement stage of their careers. Real estate salespeople in the exploration stage had lower job perfor- mance than did real estate salespeople in the other career stages. Suggestions for motivating salespeople in a service industry are provided.


Overweight and obesity are generally found among patients with schizophrenia. This may lead to serious implications for health and wellbeing. The aim was to review controlled intervention studies on reducing overweight/obesity and/or reducing physical illness in patients with schizophrenia.


A method and device for automatically detecting whether right-hand or left-hand traffic prevails in a traffic situation or in a traffic environment, used in a vehicle within the framework of adaptive speed control, determines the prevailing orientation of the traffic flow on the basis of other vehicles approaching the said vehicle. For this purpose a frequency distribution is formed in accordance with a lateral distance y, a centre of gravity S of this frequency distribution is determined and the side of the controlled vehicle on which this centre of gravity S lies is established.


Objective:To dispose phagaquosonogram and extract the features of the signal.Methods:The paper chooses wavelet threshold algorithm to dispose signal,and use multi-resolution analysis of wavelet transform to analysis signal which pass bandpass filter.Results:Through the compare and analysis of signal,it shows that the wavelet algorithm is effective.Then put forward a proposal that replace old parameter of swallowing course with the time,which is from gulllet to syllable after cardiac.Conclusions:Analysis of phagaquosonogram is important to diagnosis cardiac.With the wavelet algorithm,we can dispose and analyse availably.And the experimental results show that the algorithm has potential application in diagnosising cardiac.


After industrial gas turbines have been in production for some amount of time, there is often an opportunity to improve or "uprate" the engine's output power or cycle efficiency or both. In most cases, the manufacturer would like to provide these uprates without compromising the proven reliability and durability of the product. Further, the manufacturer would like the development of this "Uprate" to be low cost, low risk and result in an improvement in "customer value" over that of the original design. This paper describes several options available for enhancing the performance of an existing industrial gas turbine engine and discusses the implications for each option. Advantages and disadvantages of each option are given along with considerations that should be taken into account in selecting one option over another.Specific options discussed include dimensional scaling, improving component efficiencies, increasing massflow, compressor zero staging, increasing firing temperature (thermal uprate), adding a recuperator, increasing cycle pressure ratio, and converting to a single shaft design. The implications on output power, cycle efficiency, off-design performance engine life or time between overhaul (TBO), engine cost, development time and cost, auxiliary requirements and product support issues are discussed. Several examples are provided where these options have been successfully implemented in industrial gas turbine engines.Copyright © 1997 by ASME


One of the difficulties that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents is language, which results in a low communicative intention with peers and adults. Therefore, a bibliographic review was carried out on the use of the story as an enhancer of language. For this, the literature between 2000 and 2020 was systematically selected, from different databases, from which results were obtained on the number of articles published per year, areas where the subject is investigated more, country where more articles were published related to the subject, and children's literature directed at children with autism. It is concluded that the potentialization of language in children with autism from the story is very efficient if a pertinent adaptation of conventional stories is carried out, taking into account reading methods and the use of pictograms either physically or technologically that benefit the understanding of the text


Background: Glochidion daltonii (MUll. Arg.) Kurz , Euphorbiaceae family , is a native medicinal plant in tropical regions of Asia. In Thailand, it has traditionally been used for treating pain and mouth inflammation. Objective: This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of G. daltonii ethanolic extract (GDE) both in vitro and in vivo. Method: The anti-inflammatory mechanism was examined in E.coli LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by using semi-quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the potential anti-inflammatory effect of GDE was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rat using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. In addition, DPPH assay was used for anti-oxidant evaluation. Result: The results showed that GDE at 0.063 - 0.250 mg/mL concentrations inhibited the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Moreover, an intraperitoneal administration of GDE significantly reduced paw edema in rats. Furthermore, GDE showed high anti-oxidant property with IC 50 values at 6.35 ± 0.28 µg/mL. Conclusion: The results support the traditionally use of GDE for treating inflammation.


Abstract:The implementation of human rights (HAM) in Indonesia can be restricted while its implementation is violated others' rights, or contradicted to moral considerations, religious values, security, and public order. This limitation is referring to article 28 J of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945) which has been regulated under the law. Besides, can human rights restrictions also be stipulated through legal products in the form of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law or Perppu? This question is build upon the understanding that Perppu is equated with the law in the hierarchy of statutory regulations. Nevertheless, Perppu that formed in a precarious and a hurry situation must consist of material content restrictions on crucial matters including human rights restriction. The limitation contents of the Perppu should become concern since it must be applied with the extra caution and consideration. As a result, the Perppu which was compiled under abnormal conditions should not be justified in regulating human rights restriction.Key Word: Human Right, Restriction of Human Right, Perppu