The interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of magnetic multilayer can be enhanced by inserting a large spin-orbit interaction material such as Pd [1]. Moreover, an attempt to find high PMA modulation by using voltage is very important for realizing high-density magnetic random-access memory [2]. We have reported the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy of Fe/Pd/MgO multilayer by analyzing spin-wave dynamics [3]. In the present study, we investigated post-annealing influences on voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) of Fe/Pd/MgO. The epitaxial multilayer stacks MgO (001) substrate/MgO(5 nm)/V(20 nm)/Fe(20 nm)/Pd(tPd=0-1 nm)/MgO(5 nm) was fabricated using the molecular beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum. After that, the sample was encapsulated by sputtering of 50 nm SiO2. Micro-sized antennas were prepared onto it to generate and detect spin-waves. An in-plane external magnetic field is applied normal to the spin-wave propagation direction to excite magneto-static surface spin-wave (MSSW). Using a vector network analyzer, the frequency shift of S21 signal under voltage was characterized. Figure 2 shows the voltage-induced interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy at several post-annealing temperatures. The result shows the increasing of Pd-thickness decrease the energy change. It is similar to sputter-deposited Co/Pd system [3] which can be explained by induced magnetic moment in Pd at MgO interface. Furthermore, the annealing treatment affected the VCMA, which should be correlated to the interfacial was attributed to Fe/Pd interfacial state change. The trend showed an increase by annealing for all Pd-thickness, where the maximum value reached ~40 fJ/Vm obtained at tPd = 0.2 nm (1 ML) annealed at 250 C. Interestingly, the polarity change was observed for 1.2 nm Pd-insertion sample with 300 C annealing.


This paper has presented a novel string-type fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensor based on directly utilizing the transversal vibrational property of a tightly suspended optical fiber. This sensor mainly consists of a mass fixed on the middle of an optical fiber embedded with an FBG element and another optical fiber or metal beam in a parallel arrangement mode, which enables to enhance the impact resistance and resonant frequency of the sensor. Compared with existing FBG-based vibration sensors, the proposed sensor possesses an excellent repeatability using a simple structure, and avoids the FBG-pasting process and the associated limitations of chirping failure. The working principle of the proposed FBG vibration sensors with two different configurations has been built with considering the rotational interference of the mass. Static experiments have been completed to show that the sensitivity of the two configurations with paralleled optical fiber and metal beam is 193.6 and 3.275 pm/g, respectively. The paralleled metal beam-based vibration sensor has a working bandwidth of 12~250 Hz, much larger than that of 4~28 Hz for the paralleled string-type optical fiber configuration. The performance of the proposed acceleration sensor can be easily adjusted by arranging different types of the parallel structure and modifying their corresponding physical parameters to satisfy different vibration measurement requirements.


Six protected backreef embayments on St. Croix's northeast and southeast coasts were sampled to determine species composition and juvenile fish abundance, The study sites on the northeast end consisted of Cottongarden Bay, Teague Bay and Yellowcliff Bay. They were sampled monthly from October 1998 to September 1999. The study sites on the southeast end of St. Croix consisted of Turner Hole Bay, Robin Bay, and Great Pond Bay. These were sampled monthly from July 2000 to September 2000. Juvenile reef fish assemblages were sampled using three complementary sampling methods: visual strip transect census, fish traps, and beach seine net. By comparing juvenile fish communities from distinct habitats (patch reef, seagrass, rubble, algal plains, and sand) within the six embayments, significant differences in fish densities and number of species per area were identified. Patch reef habitats had more species per area than any other habitat. Juvenile fish commonly observed in embayments included scarids, labrids and haemulids, The slippery dick, Halichoeres bivittatus, the bucktooth parrotfish, S. radians, the spotted goatfish, Pseudupeneus maculatus, and newly settled Haemulon unknown were among the most abundant species found in embayments. The juvenile phase of certain economically important reef fishes appear to prefer these nearshore embayments.


The aim of this thesis is to identify the e-learning and its application in a corporate environment. The main objective of this work is to define the quantitative and qualitative impact of e-learning for particular customer and to decide which of the proposed variants of e-learning solutions will be the most effective for the enterprise and will produce immediate results. Theoretical part of this thesis defines basic business fields as trade knowledge management, learning organization, knowledge, history of e-learning, current trends and types of e-learning. Practical part of this thesis uses several methods like interview with key persons, analysis of internal documents, and the method of learning environment. Based on the methods used in the practical part customer needs has been detected and according to that the variant solutions of deployment of the e-learning have been proposed and specified at the end of this work.


Restoration of any museum display implies use of authentic materials and technology. Technical Museum in Zagreb is in the process of restoring small Italian submarine form the year 1943. During restoration in order to achieve maximum authenticity it was necessary to determine submarine's outer hull material as well as weld material. Metallographic analysis was conducted on the hull's material and weld material in order to determine materials structure. Next step was determination of materials' chemical composition using scanning electron microscopy.


We investigated the production of collaborative annotations of maps with mobile devices, looking for the reasons why people might want to produce these notes and how they might do so. We conducted a field trial with 21 participants over 3 months in the center of Geneva, Switzerland. We collected fewer messages than expected and we attributed the reasons for this result with a lack of social conventions surrounding this activity and to the overwhelming effect of the map on participants which caused them to refrain from engaging in content-driven discussions and explorations.


Lorna Easterbrook looks at some of the assumptions about living alone in older age, while Hanover tenant Brenda Jones explains how she enjoys living on her own in her flat.


It is an apparatus for cooling foods, in particular of water-based drinks is described which comprises a cold storage containing a phase change material. Through the cold storage, a line for a fluid to be cooled is passed on water base. Further comprising means for removing heat from the refrigerant storage device is provided. In order effectively to design such an apparatus cheaper and simpler to manufacture, as well, it is proposed that the cold storage of a composite material made of expanded graphite and a phase change material that undergoes a solid-liquid phase change at or above 273 K.


CESR-c is a possible modification of CESR to operate in a beam energy range of 1.5 to 2.5 GeV for charm, QCD, and tau physics. Control of the horizontal emittance, energy spread, and synchrotron radiation damping at these low energies requires the installation of new wiggler magnets. We present the results of beambeam simulations for CESR-c using the ODYSSEUS strong-strong simulation code. Evidence of a coherent beam-beam effect is seen. 1 CESR-c: AN ee – FACTORY FOR CHARM AND QCD PHYSICS CESR-c is a proposed ee factory for charm and QCD physics based on CESR [1]. To be able to run at energies as low as 1.55 GeV and as high as the 5.3 GeV energy used by CESR for Υ(4s) physics and synchrotron radiation, significant modifications of CESR are needed. These are: • Replacement of the present permanent magnet IR quads with superconducting quads (including a short, vertically focusing permanent magnet nosepiece) to expand the operating energy range and lower βy at the interaction point. • An upgrade of the rf cavity complement to shorten the bunch length so that it is compatible with lower βy. • Installation of ~18 m of 2.1 Tesla wiggler magnets to control emittance and damping. The control of horizontal emittance through the use of wiggler magnets is necessary to maintain a high bunch current without exceeding the maximum beam-beam parameter that the beams can tolerate. The luminosity, written in terms of horizontal emittance εx and limiting beam-beam parameters ξx and ξy, is:


DAVID A. LONGANECKER is a doctoral student in administration and policy analysis at the Stanford School of Education. PATRICK F. KLEIN, an attorney, is currently associated with the Yale School of Organization and Management. The authors conducted this study in behalf of the Stanford University Office of Public Affairs. P esident's Commission on Campus U rest, 1970 (Commission on Campus Unrest)


Multilingual Higher Education. Beyond English Medium Orientations deals with the complexity of learning and teaching in multilingual higher education (HE) environments. Multilingual Matters has included this volume in the series "Bilingual Education and Bilingualism", the same series that includes the latest books published on Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) (see Fortanet-Gomez 2013) or English-medium instruction in HE (see Doiz et al. 2013). However, rather than furthering the discussion on CLIL or English-medium programmes, what this book does is to challenge the view that CLIL programmes are supportive of multilingual education. As the author herself explains, the implementation of CLIL predominantly at the primary and secondary school levels in Europe is often understood as the introduction of English alongside local languages, and this trend addresses a bilingual, rather than a multilingual, dimension of language education. This is very probably the main contribution of this publication to the field: the advocacy of a new conception of multilingualism beyond "English-only multilingualism" so that to succeed at the internationalised HE level students should be required to develop literacy in academic English plus other languages. Even though this volume may be of interest to teachers and researchers around the globe (84 different countries are mentioned throughout the book), it is a timely publication of particular relevance for European readers. With the backdrop of the European Union and for more than fifty years, the Council of Europe has been promoting educational policies that strengthen multilingualism, linguistic diversity and language rights. Multilingualism has become an EU policy in its own right, which as a result enhances


Most of the existing active learning algorithms assume all the category labels as independent or consider them in a "flat" structure. However, in reality, there are many applications in which the set of possible labels are often organized in a hierarchical structure. In this paper, we consider the problem of active learning when the categories are represented as a tree. Our goal is to exploit the structure information of the label tree in active learning to select the most informative samples to be labeled. We propose an algorithm that estimates the semantic space, embedding the category hierarchy. In this space, each category label is represented as a prototype and the uncertainty is measured using a variance-based fashion. We also demonstrate notable performance improvement with the proposed approach on synthetic and real datasets.


Background. Previous studies have established that soluble interleukin‐2 receptor alpha (sIL‐2Rα) levels are elevated in ascites and sera from individuals with advanced ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] Stage III/IV). This study was undertaken to evaluate sIL‐2Rα levels in individuals with benign ovarian neoplasms and early stage ovarian cancer (FIGO Stage I/II). Comparison with CA 125 levels was performed to assess screening potential.


Abstract The simulation described in this paper is designed to form a component part of an expert system controller for refrigerated potato stores. The simulation is designed to function in two ways, first to provide information to the controller to allow it to make the required management decisions, and second to provide data otherwise unavailable from sensor inputs, either due to physical difficulty of measurement or due to the cost of it. The development of the program has been in C ++ and illustrates some of the benefits that can be gained from using an object orientated (OO) approach. The simulation consists of modelling the heat and mass transfer functions of both the crop and the store, and is based on dividing the crop into arbitrary layers with plug airflow between them. Although the model was developed initially for a bulk store, it was subsequently modified to deal with box stores, and it is its role in modelling the latter that is discussed. This paper describes the methods used for developing the simulation, the program structure and the results of the validation and verification against real store data. The results show a good correlation under two types of test conditions, steady state and pull-down to a lower temperature.


Abstract : Terrorist organizations are not static entities. They learn, change their structure, adapt to countermeasures, and continuously look for means to advance their campaign. Sometimes the terrorists' efforts result in successful operations; sometimes they lead to failure. The purpose of this study is to identify particular factors which influence the success or failure of terrorist plots. This is the second of a two-phased effort: Phase I focused on assessing the underlying reasons for the success and failure of terrorist attacks against targets within the United States and against U.S. interests abroad. Phase II, this study, focuses on attacks since the mid-1990s against targets in the United States and abroad, whether or not they directly targeted the United States. The authors look at two target categories that they believe are particularly vulnerable: passenger rail and commercial aviation. Using a case study analysis, they identified eight particular terrorist attacks to analyze. The Passenger Rail attacks analyzed are as follows: the Aum Shinrikyo attack on Japanese subway trains, March 20, 1995; the suicide bombing plot involving the New York City subway system, July 1997; the attacks on the London transit system, July 7, 2005; and the plan to attack the London transit system, July 21, 2005. The Commercial Aviation attacks analyzed are as follows: the hijacking of Air France Flight 8969, December 24-26, 1994; the Bojinka plot in the Philippines, December 1994-January 1995; the attacks of September 11, 2001; and the plot to destroy U.S. airliners with liquid explosives, August 2006. The authors analyzed these cases based on an expansion of the set of factors used in Phase I. The results were then examined as a group to discern trends and commonalities.


Keywords: cyclodehydrogenation ; fullerenes ; heterogeneous catalysis ; nanotechnology ; surface chemistry ; Chemical-Synthesis ; C-60 Adsorption ; Transition Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-172115doi:10.1002/anie.201005000View record in Web of Science Record created on 2011-12-16, modified on 2017-05-12


For development of digital nuclear measurement system fast and conveniently,we advanced a method of digital simulation in nuclear signal.A software which can simulate various nuclear signal wave is designed.As tool,we can use it to research digital nuclear signal processing.By this software,we designed and compared three kinds of arithmetic :Semi-gauss filter,trapezoidal filter and match filter.The result shows that our method is exact and feasible.


THE DISCHARGE LAMP HIGH PRESSURE BY INVENTION INCLUDES ARC TUBE WITH AT LEAST A PORTION END CONFIGURATION AND DIMENSIONS SUCH THAT IT SATISFIED THE EQUATION: SPD (12-511) OX 1115OU D IS THE INTERNAL DIAMETER (MM) TUBE ARC IN ITS MAIN PART cylindrical X IS THE PROBABILITY OF A DISTANCE "X" (MM) DIAMETER BY SAID, THE DISTANCE "X" IS THAT BETWEEN ONE END PART OF THAT PARALLEL AND MAIN POINT AXIALLY OUTSIDE, AND HAS THE SIZE (MM) SECTION TUBE A DISTANCE "X". THIS PROVISION REDUCES THE APPEARANCE OF THE PHENOMENON Resonance ACOUSTIC NIGHT THAT TRAINING ARC DISCHARGE.


Human service agency transportation (HSAT) is the title given to a family of specialized transportation services that have been developed to provide better mobility for clients of human service agencies. Historically, marketing for nonprofit organizations such as HSAT has either been ignored or reduced to a minor function. More recently it has been recognized that even organizations that are not in the private sector need to have a consumer orientation. They should identify their potential customers, analyze the needs of their clients, design an attractive product, and then promote this product. In short, the nonprofit sector needs a marketing program. The first objective is to describe the origin, development, and current status of HSAT and how these factors affect the marketing environment. The other major objective is to describe how marketing functions are conducted by these transportation systems.


Added PP 333 or CCC at different concentrations to multiplying and rooting media when the shoots of Toona sinensis cultured.The basic medium for multiplication is MS+6-BA 0.2 mg·L -1+GA 1.0 mg.L -1,the basic media for rooting is 1/2 MS+IBA 1.0 mg·L -1.The results showed that PP 333(10 mg·L -1) or CCC(70 mg·L -1) improved the multiplication of shoots obviously,retarded the growth,the efficacy of PP 333(10 mg·L -1) is better.Meanwhile PP 333(0.1~0.3 mg·L -1) or CCC(10~70 mg·L -1) induced the callus and vitrification;PP 333 (0.1 mg·L -1) or CCC(10 mg·L -1) improved rooting rate and transplanting of the tube-plantlet,contrasted two kinds of hormons,CCC(10 mg·L -1) was evidently.After transplanting,the plant was short and strong,the colour of the leaves deepened,the rate of survitors was increased.


It is shown through careful problem formulation that the adaptive control of redundant robots can be addressed as a reference velocity tracking problem in the joint space. A control law which ensures the bounded estimation of the unknown dynamic parameters of the robot and the convergence to zero of the velocity tracking error is derived. In order to ensure that the joint motion on the self-motion manifold (SMM) remains bounded, a homeomorphic transformation is found. This transformation decomposes the velocity tracking error dynamics into a cascade system consisting of the dynamics in the end-effector error coordinates and the dynamics on the SMM. The dynamics on the SMM is directly shown to be related to the concept of zero-dynamics. It is shown that if the reference joint trajectory is selected to optimize a certain type of objective function, then stable dynamics on the SMM results. This ensures the overall stability of the adaptive system. Detailed simulations are given to verify the theoretical developments. The proposed adaptive scheme does not require measurements of the joint accelerations or the inversion of the inertia matrix of the robot.<<ETX>>


A survey of the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate in Lijiang river watershed,Guilin was conducted from February to March,2008.A total of 169 taxa belonging to 136 genera and 82 families was indentified based on the present literatures.The insecta had 143 taxa belonging to 9 orders,made up 84.61% of the total taxa richness,46 959 individuals made up 94.86% of total abundance,and crustacea,mollusca and oligochaeta only made up 5.14% of total abundance.The average of total taxa richness(47) of branches was about three times of that of stem,and the average of EPT taxa richness(25) of branches was about 7 times higher than that of stems.The dominant taxa in stems were tolerant species while in branches were sensitive ones.The results implied that the pollution was the major cause of the degradation of the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate in stem of Lijiang river.


This study compared the effectiveness and safety of second generation (atypical) antipsychotic (SGA) versus traditional mood stabilizers (MS) in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.


A clip the metal ring (10) includes a shroud (12), the shroud (12) to the security mechanism and substantially encloses the mechanism, the mechanism for opening or closing at least one of the metal clamping ring (14). The shroud has a top surface (22) and side walls forming an annular rim of the shroud (24). Forming at least one recess (32) at the top surface of the shroud. The size and shape of the recessed portion is designed to be attached to the top surface of the attachment of the shroud, and then carried with the annular attaching the metal clip. This facilitates the ring binder where the user access to the accessory. Moreover, using a molding process of forming the flip-flop (62) mounted at one end of the metal, the process allows the trigger finger pad (64) and positioned in the body of the trigger (66) of the molding.


Injury prevention frameworks (e.g. Translate Research into Injury Prevention Practice) are critical for reducing injury rates. However, their success relies heavily on the available information within each stage of the framework. Using anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention research as a working example; this paper presents a rationale for the cultivation of cross-disciplinary injury prevention research groups and highlights the role of biomechanics in informing each stage of the injury prevention framework.


This article adopts a macrocultural approach to understanding complex current global tensions and the way they may account for recent acts of terrorism. It proposes that the recent conflict between the West and radical militant Islam can be understood as the polarization of 2 partial perspectives on social justice-the secular democratic individualistic Western worldview and the spiritual and collectivist Middle Eastern worldview-that need to inform one another. I examine this polarization in the context of the following systemic aspects of current globalization: the twin processes of global integration and social disintegration as reflected in the Social Breakdown Syndrome, the deepening gap between the Global North and the Global South, and the unsustainable ideologization of the 20th century. The article suggests that the East-West conflict reflects the fragmented nature of contemporary individual and collective consciousness. It proposes the need for an integrative psychological approach to cultivating...


I am an artist. I traveled to London in 1997 and I was deported because of the negative stereotype with I was classified. Later they admitted their mistake in a letter to the Colombian government: I must stress the immigration officer did not bore in mind the position of Mr. Jacanamijoy in Colombia as a well-known artist. Additionally there could some confusion about the income of Mr. Jacanamijoy, because the officer was facing a young man with an apparently modest income. In Colombia, the Scmana review, in a marked contrast to the paternalistic stereotype of the indigenous people, pointed out in a long article: Who know him personally have only words of praise for this artist from Putumayo... [...] this young man who in spite of having reached an outstanding position in the national art field still keeps the simplicity of his race. Analizing the treatment given to him in the letter of the United Kingdom and the Scmana review, in this text written in the first person and from my indigenous condition, I make problematic this incident to understand the close relations between the cultural and political fields. The racist stereotyping in England first and later the paternalistic stereotyping in Colombia describe the two cultural phenomena: First, the negative xenophobia and stereotyping in England and second, the paternalistic stereotyping in Colombia.


Synthetic antimicrobials are available in market. Because of too much usage of these drugs, it has been observed that many microbial organisms found with resistivity against these available drugs. Moreover, these drugs have side effects also and therefore there is need to safer and new antimicrobial agents. The present study is therefore attributed to natural remedies for the said problem. Cassia species are native to Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and are commonly used as food and in a broad variety of medicinal applications. Active ingredients from leaves of Cassia siamea were separated using simple reverse phase gradient HPLC method Total six phenolic acids and one flavonoid were separated from crude extract of leaves of Cassia siamea. Eight solvents were used to extract various secondary metabolites from leaves of C siamea and were screened against various bacterial strains and fungal pathogens. Our findings suggest that leaves of C. siamea possess potential antimicrobial phytochemicals, which could be tested as drug candidates in medicinal chemistry studies. Citation: Mehta J.P., Parmar P.H., Vadia S.H., 2014. Separation of Phytochemicals from leaf of Cassia siamea and their antimicrobial assay. The Journal of Phytochemistry. Photon xxx, xxx-xxx. All Rights Reserved with Photon. Photon Ignitor: ISJN41728352D6931xxxxxxxxx


A basis for understanding the mode of action of sulfonamide drugs in terms of the WoodsFildes theory of antagonism (Woods, 1940; Fildes, 1940) was provided by the elucidation of the structure of folic acid (Stokstad et al., 1946; Angier et al., 1946; Mowat et al., 1948). Since folic acid contains a p-aminobenzoic acid moiety, it was postulated that the structurally similar sulfonamides compete with p-aminobenzoic acid for a site in the folic acid synthesizing system (Jukes and Stokstad, 1948; Hotchkiss, 1948; Woods, 1950). The interaction of the sulfonamides and folic acid has since been studied by a number of workers in terms of the WoodsFildes theory (Woods, 1950; Lampen and Jones, 1946a, b, 1947; Shive and Roberts, 1946). In most of the work on antagonism Lactobacius casei and Streptococ faecalis, strain R, were grown on a complex medium contg, apart from purines and pyrimidines, vitamins of the B complex and a casein hydrolyzate, which contains, in addition to most amino acids, large amounts of glutamic acid and various unidentified degradation products. Since p-aminobenzoic acid is concerned not only with the synthesis of folic acid but also indirectly via folic acid with the synthesis of the purines, thyymine and methionine (Kohn and Harris, 1943; Shive and Roberts, 1946; Snell, 1946), it seemed advisable to the authors to investigate a medium free from possible precursors of folic acid or products of its synthetic enzymatic activity. Any growth in this medium then could be attributed to (1) the synthetic ability of the organism, (2) the addition of an added metabolite, (3) the antagonistic action of various compounds to an inhibitory agent.


The performance of a Fresnel zone plate has been tested by observing the focusing property of higher-order diffraction. The Fresnel zone plate was fabricated by the electron-beam lithography technique. The zone material was made from 1 µm-thick tantalum and the outermost zone width was 0.25 µm. The third-order focused spot size measured by the knife-edge scan method was 0.1 µm full width at half-maximum at an X-ray energy of 8 keV, which is exactly equal to one-third of the first-order focal spot size.


"Dialectic-prescription diagnostic system" is a series of diagnostic processes with seeking "dialectic-prescriptions correspondence" as its primary goal for treatments of diseases. It may be the earliest diagnostic method of diseases as well as the most concise and effective diagnostic method in Chinese medicine "Synopsis of Golden Chamber", known as one of the classical foundational texts in Chinese clinical medicine, also uses "dialectic-prescription diagnostic method" clinically. Until today, the "proof-prescription" diagnostic system is still effectively guiding Chinese medical field of practice clinically. Dynamic epistemic process is a multi-agent system. The agents in the system are Traditional Chinese doctor and patients. Traditional Chinese doctor knows nothing about patients' syndromes. Traditional Chinese doctor can get various facts about patients' syndromes through inspection, listening and smelling examination, inquiry and palpation. This is a process of accumulating information. It is achieved through the interaction between two agents. The interaction includes information update, the order of the steps, the choice of the steps and etc. This provides a new angel for Traditional Chinese doctor treatment methods and processes.


A Collamati, A Poscia, S Bartolucci, N Magnavita, F Landi, R Bernabei, G Onder Department of Gerontology, Orthopedics and Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Italy Public Health Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Italy Contact: email@example.com Healthy ageing has been defined as the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age. Althought it has been demostrated that few common modifiable risk factors should be controlled as soon as possible in life in order to reduce the burden of most non-communicable diseases, less is known about their real impact on health outcomes in an already old population. This study aims to describe the survival in a geriatric population living in nursing home according to their lifestyle. The Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care (SHELTER) project is a cross-sectional analysis that has collected information on residents admitted to 57 nursing home in 8 countries through the interRAI instrument for longterm care facilities. All the available informations about healthy ageing determinants (smoking and alcohol habits, BMI, pysical activity and social involvement) were used to predict the overall survival through a Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities. 3966 patients were included in the study; 74.2% were women. The mean age was 84,6 years. At baseline, 4,8% were smoker, 12.9% drinked at least one drink, 34,0% were inactive, 25,2% were obese or underwheight and 33.3% declared no social interest. An overall survival improvement was found in older adults with higher BMI (HR = 0.58, p < 0.01), more intensive pyisical activity (HR = 0.58, p < 0.01) and social involvement (HR = 0.65, p < 0.01), while underwheight was associated with higher mortality (HR = 1.37, p = 0.01). Smoking habit and alcohol consumption had, respectively, negative (HR = 1.25) and positive (HR = 0.76) impact on survival (p > 0.05). In our population, modifiable risk factors and social involvement still play an important role in improving the overall survival. In ageing societies the cultural and economic investiment in prevention could have important benefits also in oldest individuals. Key messages Healthy ageing should ideally start in childhood and take a lifelong perspective but it is never too late to start Caregiver should encourage older people in chosing healthy lifestile and stay active 272 European Journal of Public Health, Vol. 25, Supplement 3, 2015


This research, entitled Contribution to the establishment of sustainable production systems equatorial high mountain peasants, is aimed at finding a method that contributes to land from the local, from the development of an environmental planning process starts peasant farms with the identification of factors of unsustainability, inadequate levels of management and agri-environment actions to reverse them. The work was conducted in the villages of San Luis Foothills, San Antonio and San Luis de Parrados the municipality of El Calvario and San Luis San Luis Toledo Plan and the municipality of San Juanito, in the department of Meta. This study raised the need for a reading area for understanding the interaction of local populations with their natural and social environment. The discussion focused on spatial analysis, where we study and characterize the different aspects and interactions that affect veredal territory, especially those marked by the dynamics of rural production systems implemented by rural communities, with the intention of identifying spatial patterns pressure on ecosystems and landscapes. The farm planning is addressed as a participatory exercise that sought to address the problems related to suactividad productive from a joint analysis between professionals and farmers, on the characteristics of the natural, social and technical production, based on expectations , knowledge and needs of producers, allowing argue and formulate action plans on the farm with a short-to medium term, considering that through implementation sealcanzara conversion to the sustainability of farms.


There have been numerous approaches that have been proposed to enlarge the impedance range, however it is still a challenging issue to increase the rate-hardness of haptic interaction while maintaining stability. The actual perceived rate-hardness has been much lower than what physical systems have, and it hasn't been enough to satisfy what users expect to feel. While one of the state of the art method for high stiffness haptic interaction was able to display 3 N/mm maximum stiffness with Phantom Premium 1.5A [1], the newly proposed Successive Force Augmentation (SFA) approach [2] was able to display 5 N/mm with the same hardware. However, SFA showed limitation to increase the rate-hardness which is sacrificed in order to maintain stability. In this paper, previously proposed SFA approach is extended to increase the rate-hardness while maintaining stability. This was possible by using the original value of the stiffness for feedback force calculation during the transient response followed by low value of stiffness in the rendering of the state dependent linear force feedback together with feedforward force offset. Experimental evaluation conducted with Phantom Premium 1.5A showed a much higher achieved rate-hardness and displayed stiffness when compared to conventional approaches.


Deprotonated hydroxamic acids and cognate systems undergo a number of rearrangement processes upon collisional activation. It is proposed that ions RCONOH undergo the Lossen rearrangement to form [(OCNR)HO–], and that this reactive intermediate may decompose to form the ionic products HO–, [(R – H)–NCO], NCO– and RNH–. Alternatively, hydrogen transfer yields RCONHO– which may undergo a three-centre reaction to produce RCO2NH–; this species may decompose to yield both RCO2– and [(R – H)CO2]˙–. Fragmentation processes have been investigated by both deuterium labelling and product ion studies.


The technology of design of analog integrated schemes with linear transformation of the signal, integrating on an identity method an equivalent of regularity of the consecutive, parallel and mixed connection of structures, is offered.


Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is an integral part of equivocal cervical cytology triage. Clinical validation of non‐FDA (Food and Drug Administration)–approved methods is therefore important because of the high volume of such tests and the implications for missed high‐grade lesions if test performance is not optimal.


A myriad of personal and contextual factors are important in understanding how preservice teachers learn to teach and why they adopt or reject certain teaching practices. Activity theory was used a framework in understand preservice teachers' experiences teaching writing during a field experience at a juvenile detention facility. The purposes of this study were to (a) to examine the pedagogical tools and practices that preservice teachers implemented during a field experience at a juvenile detention facility (b) to understand why they implemented these pedagogical tools and practices, and (c) to explore preservice teachers' perceptions of how they were shaped by the activity setting, the detention center. Results found preservice teachers entered the setting with very specific expectations about the arena, and these perceptions shaped their pedagogical choices.


Over the past decade a growing number of countries have become interested in revisiting, refreshing and rebuilding relations with their overseas populations. A new field of public policy, referred to as diaspora strategy, has emerged. A diaspora strategy is an explicit policy initiative or series of policy initiatives enacted by a sending state, or its peoples, aimed at fortifying and developing relationships with expatriate communities, diasporic populations, and foreign constituencies who share a special affinity. Notwithstanding their obvious differences, many countries are seeing merit in sharing experiences and through joint 'policy transfer' workshops, seminars, publications, toolkit manuals, and conferences are participating in an important global dialogue on international best practice with respect to the design and implementation of diaspora strategies.


The primary moult of individually colour-ringed, adult yellow-nosed albatrosses at nests on Gough Island was examined in 1983 and related to the status of each bird and its breeding history in the previous year. Adults renew only about half of their primaries each winter and suspend moult while breeding. Birds that bred successfully renewed fewer primaries than did unsuccessful birds or nonbreeders. There were no differences in primary moult between the sexes or in relation to size. Yellow-nosed albatrosses show complex wave moult as an adaptation to slow renewal of flight feathers. The energy, nutrient or time requirements for feather renewal may conflict with breeding annually so that there is a trade-off between the extent of moult desirable to maintain flight efficiency and the benefits of breeding in successive seasons.


Invention prevents SLE, and / or, for use in treating, PTGDR-1 antagonist, PTGDR-2 antagonists, dual PTGDR-1 / PTGDR-2 antagonist, or a PTGDR-1 antagonist combination of PTGDR-2 antagonists, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.


An all-optical differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) regenerator with a DPSK demodulator and a conventional on–off keying (OOK) regenerator requires a DPSK encoding process that is realized by T-type flip-flop (T-FF) operation. To solve this problem, we propose an all-optical T-FF circuit consisting of counter-faced semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based exclusive OR (XOR) gates for the first time. Numerical investigation with rate equation reveals the possibility of its stable operation in 10 Gbps with 27-1 pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) signal. It also reveals that it is necessary to decrease the equivalent turn-off time for high bit-rate operation using push–pull configuration.


Objective:To explore the effect of adalimumab on quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:One randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial was conducted during the first 12 weeks.In the period of the later 12 weeks,it became an open-label study.Sixty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis were given adalimumab intervention(40 mg,80 mg) or placebo per 2 weeks for 12 weeks.All the patients were given adalimumab intervention 40 mg per 2 weeks from 12th week to 24th week.The quality of life of the patients before and after intervention were assessed and compared by using SF-36 scale.Results:After intervention,physical functioning,role physical,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role emotional,mental health of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were improved significantly.Conclusion:Adalimumab helps to improve the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


This essay explores models for short-term, faculty-led study abroad in cases where language skills cannot be expected of students, focusing on the promotion of relationship-building and depth of experience. While considering recent critiques of study abroad representation and practice, it explicates three models researched and undertaken by the author, detailing the strengths and weaknesses of common trip structures and related course outlines, and offers recommendations for successful trip modeling. In so doing, the essay examines a number of stumbling blocks that faculty may encounter when planning a short-term abroad trip under common, institutional constraints. It further explores ways of integrating semester-long coursework with short-term trips abroad, focusing on a model that allows students the pedagogical space to reflect critically on anthropological stereotypes and develop strong connections within the host country.


This paper presents a single chip multiband power amplifier (MBPA) using a proposed active load modulation (ALM) technique. Based on Doherty PA's concept, the single chip MBPA consists of a main amplifier, an auxiliary amplifier, and transmission lines connecting two amplifiers to modulate the main amplifier's load line over the frequency. The ALM technique achieves the desired load line at specific frequency band by three parameters; RF current ratio of the main amplifier to the auxiliary amplifier (α), a characteristic impedance (ZT) and an electrical length (θ) of a transmission line. The fabricated single chip MBPA operates from 1.6 to 2 GHz with over a 10 dB of gain using the proposed ALM technique. It shows 35.5 % of power added efficiency (PAE), and 25.5 dBc of adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR1) at 27 dBm output power with the 10 MHz BW 16QAM LTE signal from 1.6GHz to 2GHz.


In our country,there is a trend in the current research of Marxism which deviates from objectivity, history,a trend of preconception of taking_for_myself.This trend is extremely harmful to the healthy development of Marxism research activity. It is important to emphasize the objectivity and history in the current research of Marxism.


This report shows a rare case of gastric heterotopia in the duodenum presented as a large polypoid lesion, differently from data reported in literature, which enters into differential diagnosis with other duodenal lesions that are not always benign.


In this paper a novel distributed cooperative strategy based microgrid voltage control is presented. This approach is synthesized for each distributed generator and requires minimal information from neighbors since is based on the penning methodology. A neural controller is applied for local controller to achieve control objectives, which is based on an identification scheme and a nonlinear control strategy. The simulation of a microgrid test system illustrates the effectiveness of the developed strategy.


Some practical applications of magnetic nanoparticles in theranostics systems require a preliminary study on magnetically-induced particle behavior with regard to the frequency and field strength-dependent magnetic susceptibility, measurable through a complex magnetic susceptometer. A wide measurement range, however, is favorable to provide comprehensive understanding in relaxation dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles, as well as their nonlinear magnetization. Therefore, we particularly designed a coil system, thus achieving measurability of complex magnetic susceptibility up to 1 MHz with field strength more than 10 Oerms. Our design includes parallel-arranged multiturn-coils as an induction coil to minimize overall resistance without a significant decrease of coil inductance, thus improving current-to-field conversion efficiency with a minimized dimension. Additionally, a typical coil was inserted inside the induction coil to provide a spatially-controllable field-distribution, and a single-turn sheet-coil was used as a sensor to obtain minimum noise and improve sensitivity reaching a relatively-constant value regardless field strength and temperature.


Why does the glass ceiling continue to limit women's career opportunities in the professions and management despite over a century of women's efforts, over 25 years of equal opportunity legislation and programs, and almost 20 years of affirmative action legislation and programs? This paper considers the limitations of affirmative action legislation to compel the changes required to shatter the glass ceiling, as well as women's continuing family responsibilities and ambition ambivalence.


We report the synthesis and spectroscopic characteristics of two different sets of carbon dots (CDs) formed by hydrothermal reaction between citric acid and polyethylenimine (PEI) or 2,3-diaminopyr...


Under the very serious corruption situation,it is very important that "four strengthen" are put forward to perform honestly and self-discipline education for university students.This essay is talking from the honestly cultural activity on campus.Focused on the main barrier in honestly and self-discipline education,the author put forward four strategies to deeply carry out the activity of honestly and self-discipline education and set a protecting embankment in the students' mind.


45-year-old woman living in a rural area of northern Spain presented to our clinic with cold hands. These symptoms had developed over a period of 6 years. Raynaud's phenomenon was seen after her hands were exposed to cold. The antinuclear antibody titer was greater than 1:1280, with an anticentromere antibody pattern. This pattern may be present in 40 to 80% of patients with limited scleroderma, and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon may be seen in 80 to 90% of such patients. In 30% of patients with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, it may be an early presentation of scleroderma. The patient's blood pressure was 135/95 mm Hg at presentation, and she had no other symptoms except skin thickening. We initiated treatment with a calcium-channel blocker. Laboratory testing during follow-up showed mild lymphopenia (1540 lymphocytes per cubic millimeter) and a creatinine level of 0.70 mg per deciliter (60 µmol per liter); the blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. The patient wears gloves to protect her hands in cold weather.


Intracranial bleeding in hemophilia patients is a rare but a mortal complication. Diagnosis of hemophilia in adulthood is an uncommon occurrence. In this case report an adult patient with intracranial hemorrhage is presented.


Pittsburg compound B (PIB) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radio tracer used to image in-vivo, beta amyloid plaques which are one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quantitative analysis of PIB retention requires normalisation of the PIB uptake values, to allow inter and intra subject comparisons. The standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) normalises the uptake values to the mean uptake value within a region containing nonspecific binding, the cerebellar grey matter in the case of PIB. SUVR calculations are normally performed manually on the PET image by neurologist which is time consuming and nonreproducible. In this study, we present an automatic technique to extract the cerebellar grey matter on PET images, and validate its accuracy for SUVR normalisation on a database of 45 subjects


In the sensor blockchain network, sensors need to collect data continuously and upload it to the blockchain network for verification of data integrity. The deployment of smart contracts on the chain can be used to authenticate data visitors. Historical data is valuable for data visitors, but it is useless for sensor nodes that can continue to link data only with current information. With the passage of time, the data of the sensor blockchain network will continue to grow. A node data storage mode that can adapt to the continuous expansion of the blockchain scale is needed, which can encourage nodes to join the network to participate in consensus and jointly maintain the security of the blockchain data. This paper provides a segmented storage solution based on state and block compression for sensor device nodes with limited storage capacity. After experimental verification, this scheme can significantly reduce the storage cost. It allows nodes to use blockchain for a long time in sensor blockchain networks with large transaction volumes and a large number of smart contracts and allows new nodes to be deployed faster.


Operations to eradicate populations of exotic mammals – ship rat (Rattus rattus), house mouse (Mus musculus) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) – have recently been conducted on five offshore islands in New South Wales, Australia. Techniques involved the broadcast and bait-station application of cereal baits containing the anticoagulant brodifacoum. Brush Island (47 ha) was treated for rats using bait stations in July 2005 and declared pest-free in 2007 after monitoring failed to detect any rodents. Recent observations have revealed increased numbers of lizards, frogs and crabs, as well as the presence of the white-faced storm-petrel (Pelagodroma marina), a species not previously recorded breeding there. Montague Island (82 ha) was aerially baited for mice and rabbits in July 2007 and declared free of these pests in 2009. The removal of these exotic mammals was undertaken primarily to enhance restoration of seabird nesting habitat following the removal of invasive kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). Broughton Island (144 ha) was aerially baited for rats and rabbits in August 2009. The same operation included aerial baiting of nearby Little Broughton Island (30 ha) and Looking Glass Isle (4 ha) to remove rats. Detector dogs were used to search for surviving rabbits on Broughton Island in November 2009, but failed to detect any sign of them. One month later Gould's petrel (Pterodroma leucoptera) was recorded breeding there for the first time. Monitoring for the presence of rats and rabbits is continuing. Knowledge sharing and the free availability of information have been pivotal to the success of the operations undertaken to date, and the experiences gained have greatly enhanced our local capacity to plan and co-ordinate more complex eradications.


Components in a system work under the same dynamic operating conditions, and their lifetimes are generally positively correlated. Ignorance of the correlation may lead to a significant bias in the evaluation of system reliability. Using the cumulative exposure principle, we model the equivalent operating time of the components, resulting from the cumulative effects of the dynamic environments, as a monotone increasing stochastic time scale. Commonly-used models, such as the compound Poisson, gamma, and the inverse Gaussian processes, are adopted for the stochastic time scale. Based on the above settings, reliability models for multicomponent systems are developed. We investigate how the stochastic time scale influences the system reliability and the correlations between component lifetimes. Under the stochastic time scale, the component lifetimes are shown to be positively quadrant dependent. Overlook of the correlation would overestimate the reliability of a parallel system but underestimate the reliability of a series system. When the stochastic time scale degenerates to a deterministic function of the calendar time, on the other hand, the system reliability becomes the reliability of the system where components work independently. The proposed models are successfully applied to lifetime data of brake pads in the automobile braking system.


After the random experiment,through setting up stochastic model,we discuss according to the sum of the kind of series.In fact,the application and the contrast of the thoughtway of probability is highly efficient.


With the development of society and the advancement of technology,the improvement of the modernization level,the functions of modern architecture become more complete and perfect in matching the design for the construction complex and growing the amount of electromechanical pipeline.A large number of pipeline intersection collisions due to the lack of communication between the designer and mutual consideration in the design process have brought great difficulties to the construction.At the same time,reduction of the storey is an effective way to reduce the project cost,and to realize the full and efficient use of building space.In the ten new construction industry technologies the national construction department vigorously promoted,pipeline balancing technology is an important one.The pipeline comprehensive balance,as an efficient use of limited building space,becomes a topic in modern architecture.Integrated command center for The 23rd Shandong Provincial Games by using the professional BIM software Magicad well attack pipeline comprehensive balance problem,effective against pipeline collision and in acquiring the pipeline comprehensive balance of large public buildings.


Background: One of the most significant variables in the learning process is the quality and performance of educators. Therefore, it is necessary to teach future physicians who are considering a career in academia since they often do not have extensive formal training in teaching. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a course developed by the Faculty of Medicine at UNAM that provided medical students with teaching skills. Methods: Eleven (11) students were evaluated at the beginning and two years after successful completion of the course titled Introduction to teaching in the biomedical area. Student acquisition of procedural curricular contents (PCC) was assessed using a pedagogical referent tool that was applied at the beginning and end of the course. Their mastering of behavioral curricular contents (BCC) was evaluated using a rubric focusing on the human qualities of pedagogical leadership and teaching skills. The means of each assessment before and at the completion of the course were compared using T-tests. Results: The results showed that the preference for traditional referents decreased with regards to strategies of "assessment" (36% to 27%), "teacher-student relationship" (100% to 73%), and "planning" (from 27% to 9%); while the preference for the educational technology referent increased in the "learning" area (82% to 91%). With regards to assessment of didactic planning, the general performance was high (22 points), standing out "didactic sequence". Out of the dimensions with low performance stand out "teamwork" and "diagnostic assessment". In the assessment of Behavioral Curricular Contents (BCC), a perception with initial high scores in the intrinsic motivation and teaching performance/pedagogical qualities of a leader was identified without finding significant differences after the course (p = 0.18 and 0.73, respectively). Conclusion: The observations in this study demonstrated that medical students had a preference for alternative and educational technology referents at the end of the course that taught them to become academic instructors. The former preference is ideal for the creation of a study plan oriented toward the development of competencies-based courses.


The explosive growth in technology has led to a new league of a crime involving identity theft, stealing trade secrets, malicious virus attacks, hacking of DVD players, etc. The law enforcement community which has been trained to deal with traditional form of crime, is now being trained in a new realm of Digital Forensics. Forensics investigators have realized that often the most valuable resource available to them is experience and knowledge of fellow investigators. But there is seldom an explicit mechanism for disseminating this knowledge. Hence the same problems and mistakes continue to resurface and the same solutions are re-invented. In this Thesis we design and create a knowledge base, a Digital Forensics Repository, to support the sharing of experiences about the Forensics Investigation Process. It offers capabilities such as submission of lessons, online search and retrieval which will provide a means of querying into an ever increasing knowledge base.


A detailed statistics,description and analysis of lexical chunks in oral English production of 44 college students shows that the use of lexical chunks by the students has obvious features concerning with the forms and functions of chunks.The use of chunks is greatly influenced by the chunk awareness,practices and mother language transfer.Teaching lexical chunks in oral English class can improve students' chunk awareness and help them in the fluency,accuracy and pragmatic ability of oral language production.


The article focuses on gadget-related injuries (GRI), which are increasing all over the world. As mentioned, several studies suggest that the use of phones increases the chance of accidents during driving. It is also reported that many severe injuries were encountered including broken wrists, fractured tibias, and dislocated shoulders. Several instances from different places including Pennsylvania, New York, and Sydney, New South Wales related to GRIs were reported in past years.


Data are presented on the gamma rays emitted from the atmosphere to satellite altitudes in the absence of bremsstrahlung X rays associated with electron precipitation from the radiation belts. The measurements (40 keV to 2.7 MeV) were performed with a high-resolution germanium spectrometer on board the polar-orbiting satellite 1972-076B. With the collimated spectrometer on the spinning vehicle (5-s period) it was possible to separate sensor and vehicle backgrounds from the atmospheric and diffuse cosmic contributions. The atmospheric component was obtained by unfolding published values for the diffuse cosmic spectrum. Owing to variances in the measured values of the diffuse cosmic spectrum the uncertainties in the atmospheric gamma ray spectrum are greater near the equator and at lower energies than over the polar caps and/or at higher energies, where the atmospheric gamma rays dominate, and the errors in the atmospheric spectrum associated with the diffuse component are small. The variations of the atmospheric gamma rays with invariant latitude are presented. Over the polar caps the energy spectra are similar to those observed near the magnetic equator, and the intensities are higher by about a factor of 4. The spectral indices for least squares power law fits to the continuum are −1.34 ± 0.03 and −1.39 ± 0.08 for the polar cap and equatorial regions, respectively. A search was made for gamma ray lines emitted from the atmosphere in addition to the 511-keV annihilation line. Several peaks were observed in the background spectrum, but no other lines were seen to be emitted from the atmosphere with a significant intensity.


In the lattice design of a diffraction-limited storage ring (DLSR) consisting of compact multi-bend achromats (MBAs), it is challenging to simultaneously achieve an ultralow emittance and a satisfactory nonlinear performance, due to extremely large nonlinearities and limited tuning ranges of the element parameters. Nevertheless, in this paper we show that the potential of a DLSR design can be explored with a successive and iterative implementation of the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). For the High Energy Photon Source, a planned kilometer-scale DLSR, optimizations indicate that it is feasible to attain a natural emittance of about 50 pm·rad, and simultaneously realize a sufficient ring acceptance for on-axis longitudinal injection, by using a hybrid MBA lattice. In particular, this study demonstrates that a rational combination of the MOPSO and MOGA is more effective than either of them alone, in approaching the true global optima of an explorative multi-objective problem with many optimizing variables and local optima.


Characterization of the rpoN Global Regulatory Gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a and Its Impact on the Plant-Pathogen Interaction. (May 2009) Amber Lorge, B.S., Marian College Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Dennis Gross Gene regulation in bacteria is highly complex and requires the activity of sigma factors that function as transcriptional regulators. In Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a, 14 sigma factors have been identified. One of the more interesting is rpoN, encoding Sigma 54, which was initially described for its role in nitrogen utilization and later shown to be involved in regulating adhesion, motility, toxin production, and pathogenicity. The only commonality identified amongst these genes is that gene regulation by Sigma 54 is not essential for normal growth and development because mutational inactivation of rpoN is not lethal. Unlike Sigma 70, which recognizes promoter sites located at positions -10/-35 upstream of the transcription initiation site, Sigma 54 recognizes sites located at positions -12/-24. P.s. pv. syringae B728a encodes an RpoN that shares 80-98% identity with other Pseudomonas species. Promoter scans were conducted on the B728a genome to look for probable binding sites of RpoN. Analysis revealed that RpoN may be involved in regulating genes encoding ABC transporters, drug efflux pumps, flagella proteins, nitrate transporters, and several


The wet oxidation of (0001) Si face 6H–SiC preamorphized by Ar+ implantation has been investigated in the temperature range between 750 and 950°C. Electron microscopy analysis has been performed to obtain information on the evolution of the amorphous layer during the oxidation process. The oxidation rate of the amorphous substrate is linear in time and assumes the value VOx(α)=3.8×107exp(−1.6∕kT)nm∕min. Due to the concomitant oxidation and recrystallization processes occurring at the two opposite faces of the amorphous layer, this expression is valid up to about 910°C for amorphous layer thickness of a few hundreds nanometer and processing time of a few tens of minutes. At higher temperatures, our oxidation data support the existence of a sudden increasing of the recrystallization that strongly reduces the time of surviving of the amorphous region and, consequently, the oxide thickness. The procedure to determine, for any fixed amorphous thickness, the most suitable experimental conditions giving rise to ...


In the 1920s and 1930s, before widespread use of anti-biotics, physicians successfully treated a variety of infections with bacteriophages, or phages for short. These natural viral predators, which target bacteria but leave mammalian and plant cells unscathed, were sold by pharmaceutical companies including Eli Lilly & Company1 and even made it into the fiction of the time—the protagonist of Sinclair Lewis' 1925 book Arrowsmith fought bubonic plague with phages.2

Phages on the surface of an Escherichia coli cell inject genetic material into the bacterium.

Scientists of the day did not understand exactly how phages killed bacteria, and their crude therapies performed inconsistently. So with the mass production of "magic bullet" antibiotics in the 1940s and 1950s, interest in phages largely waned.1

But 60 years later, antibiotics are losing their luster. Antibiotics have not only been used to treat human infections but also are given to farm animals to speed growth and prevent illness. They end up being flushed down drains and leach into soil and groundwater, where they contribute to environmental hot spots of antibiotic resistance.3 Antibiotic-resistant microbes now pose a growing threat to people of all ages, nationalities, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and previously treatable diseases are becoming untreatable once more.4

Researchers, too, are looking back to the pre-antibiotic era, but with the goal of resurrecting phages as antidotes for antibiotic resistance and solving medical, agricultural, and environmental problems. This time around, they are armed with molecular biology tools to better understand and control phages. They can also draw on the experience of Eastern European investigators, who have continued to study these viruses for decades, publishing their work primarily in Russian, Georgian, and Polish journals.1 In these countries, phages have continued to be given orally as tablets and liquids, topically, rectally, and as injections for 90 years. No reports of serious side effects have been recorded, and fever and other minor side effects came from contaminants like endotoxins in early phage preparations.1


This paper reviews the main tendency of the entrepreneurship research in the world, analyses the relationship between the entrepreneurship and the economic progress and the function of the dynamic entrepreneurs in the national economic growth, and puts forward some ideas and proposals to start the research in this field in China.


ABSTWT Taxpayer revolts have 1ed to increasing concerns' about accountability, particularly among ancillary school service personnel. Approximately 150 questiorfnaires were distributed to ( school psychologists to obtain a sample of responses to questions commonly asked by parents, educators and the community. Their responses dealt with the role and function of the school psychologist, benefits of the services and consumer satisfaction, staffing patterns and supervision, salary, and accountability and change. Psychologists indicated-that, ideally, they would like to divide theie time equally between problem identificat\ion and intervention planning, direct interventi/on includiwilor*vention, and applied research. However, the findihgs suggest that buaget problems have made such a role difficult to achieve. (JAC)'


The cooking qualities of sugary-2 (su2) and sugary-2 opaque-2 (su2o2) starches, together with their chemical and physical properties, were examined. The results obtained were as follows: 1 ) The amylose contents determined by the amperometric iodine titration were 39. 8 % for su2 and 38. 8 % for su2o2. 2 ) The initiation temperatures for gelatinization obtained by photopastegraphy were 45•Ž for su2 and 43•Ž for su2o2. 3 ) The maximum viscosities (1)max) measured by Brabender's amylography (of 10 % starch samples) were 304 B. U. for su2, 316 B. U. for su2o2 and 1, 100 B. U. for normal maize, respectively. 4 ) The solubilities at 90•Ž of su2 and su2o2 starches was 35 % and the value was higher than that of normal maize. The swelling powers of su2 and su2o2 starches were small. 5 ) The sensory evaluation of sponge-cakes, in which wheat flour was substituted for either su2 or su2o2 starches plus gluten, was similar to that made of wheat flour. ( Received December 3, 1987 )


Dendritic cells(DC), nature's adjuvant, are antigen-presenting cells specialized to initiate and regulate immunity. Their potent antigen-presenting function has encouraged targeting of dendritic cells for harnessing the immune system against cancer. DC are efficient at activating not only CD4+ helper T-cells and CD8+ killer T-cells but also B-cells and innate effectors such as natural killer and natural killer T-cells. Early studies of adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-loaded DC have shown promise. However, DC vaccination is at an early stage, and several parameters still need to be established. The complexity of the DC system brings about the necessity for its rational manipulation for achieving protective and therapeutic immunity in patients.


Changes in dielectric constant with temperature and the behaviour of thermal conductivity and specific heat in relaxation ferroelectric crystals are similar to glasses. The consideration of characteristic anomalies in the dielectric constant using the tunneling state model gives reasonable results for T ⪅ 1 K with a constant density of states. No confirmation for the presence of any energy-dependent density of tunneling states at higher temperatures can be found.


SYNOPSIS: The basic policy of Japan is to build nuclear reactor building on bed rock. But, in order to cope with the middle and long term siting problems it has become necessary to promote new siting technology from the standpoint of expanding the available range of site selections and effective utilization of land. The large scale field tests were conducted at the Tadotsu Engineering Laboratory, Kagawa Prefecture, of The Nuclear Power Engineering Test Center (NUPEC) as an entrusted project into the Siting Methods on Quaternary Deposits from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), in order to verify the seismic stability of soil appertained to siting technology on quaternary deposits. Described in this paper is the results of the tests.


During the last twenty years, the characteristics of seismic waves scattered by inhomogeneous structure in the earth have been gradually clarified by many studies. The composition of P- and S-coda waves has been investigated using seismograms observed by seismic arrays. S to P and P to S wave conversions play an important role in the excitation of P-coda waves. S-coda waves at times later than twice the S-wave travel time are mainly composed of S-waves incoherently scattered by inhomogeneities. In the early part of S-coda waves, the contributions of forward scattering and of surface waves excited by topographic relief are large. Application techniques using coda waves have been developed by many researchers. Regional and temporal variations of coda Q-1 values are related to tectonic activity, although the physical meaning of coda Q-1values is not always clear. A method for the separation of site amplification and source spectra using coda wave amplitudes has been proposed. Multiple scattering models for coda wave energy distribution have been developed for randomly distributed isotropic scatterers. Based on radiative energy transfer theory, analytical solutions have been obtained. Recently, the contribution of scattering loss to the total attenuation factor has been studied. Theoretical studies for coda waves suggest that coda Q-1 values reflect intrinsic attenuation, since multiple scattering energy largely contributes to coda waves. Observational facts, however, imply that the single scattering assumption is still valid. To escape this dilemma, it is necessary to study in more detail the anisotropic scattering process and obtain more realistic models of the inhomogeneous distribution of scatterers.


Abstracts and visual aids from the following talks are presented: removal of radionuclides from Hanford defense waste solutions; waste management programs at Savannah River Plant; application of defense waste decontamination; americium and curium recovery from nuclear waste using inorganic ion exchanger materials; removal of trace /sup 106/Ru in nuclear waste processing; and titanate characterization and consolidation processes. Copies of three memos are included: /sup 90/Sr radiation effects on sodium titanate loaded macroreticular resin; /sup 238/ /sup 239/Pu content in defense waste; and preparation and physical properties of sodium titanate in ion exchange resin. (LK)


We reported a study of tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in single manganite nanowire via the combination of magnetotransport and magnetic force microscopy imaging. TMR value up to 290% has been observed in single (La1 − yPry)1 − xCaxMnO3 nanowires with varying width. We find that the TMR effect can be explained in the scenario of opening and blockade of conducting channels from inherent magnetic domain evolutions. Our findings provide a new route to fabricate TMR junctions and point towards future improvements in complex oxide-based TMR spintronics.


This paper presents experimental and simulation studies on High overtone bulk acoustic resonators (HBAR). The devices are based on a thin piezoelectric layer of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) deposited on a bulk substrate. A high order longi- tudinal wave is excited by the AlN layer and propagating in the substrate. In order to validate the computations, resonators have been fabricated and tested experimentally. Low measurements have been also performed to check the Q factor limitations. The comparison between calculations and measurements are presented in the paper. The potential applications of such resonators in term of microwave stabilized sources or filters are discussed. I. INTRODUCTION During the past twenty years, several acoustic devices have been investigated for filters and sources applications. Different kinds of resonators using SAW, SSBAW, BAW have been considered with variable interest considering their skills (i.e performance, cost, complexity, etc). Nowadays the frequency range of sources and filters tend to overpass the Gigahertz. The classical technics of lithography are rising their upper limits in this range of frequencies. Consequently, surface wave seem to be unappropriated for high frequency applications. Even if traditional bulk resonators such as Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) are frequency limited by practical usable minimum thickness, improvements of thin piezoelectric layer sputtering have grown the interest for thin Film Acoustic Bulk Resonators (FBAR) (1). Several approaches have been explored in FBAR fabrication like membrane structures or solidly mounted resonators. This kind of resonators offers a large variety of substrates employing integrated circuit type wafer scale processing. Filters with low losses and large band- pass have been achieved with FBARs but the quality factor is rather low due to piezoelectric quality of thin deposited films . In the 80's, several papers have emphasized the possibility of HBAR to present high Q at frequencies of several GHz. High overtone resonators consist of a piezoelectric film acting as a transducer to generate a standing wave resonance in a several wavelenghts thick substrate. The transducer itself occupies a small fraction of the resonator volume and most of the energy is stored in the substrate. The quality factor mainly depends on the acoustic losses of the substrate. Resonances occur at frequencies where the total resonator thickness corresponds to one or more half wavelengths. To reach high frequencies, high order resonances are used. In order to control the working fre- quency, the response has to be filtered because each resonance occur every fundamental frequency of the resonator given by: f0 = vl 2e (1) where vl is the velocity of the longitudinal wave in the substrate and e the thickness of the resonator. As shown in Eq.1, the frequency shift between two consecutive resonances is reduced if the substrate is thinned. An original method of filtering has been developed by using a FBAR ladder filter (2). In this study, HBARs have been realized using C-axis normal aluminum nitride (AlN) films for transduction, quartz has been used for substrate material.


Recent simulations of magnetic reconnection with localized resistivity demonstrated the development of a Petschek-like configuration with the width of the inner diffusion region of the order of the resistivity localization scale. In this paper, we combine this fact with a realistic model for locally enhanced current-driven anomalous resistivity. In the qualitative model that results, the size of the diffusion region and hence the reconnection rate are determined self-consistently by the functional dependence of anomalous resistivity on the current density. For the specific case of anomalous resistivity due to ion-acoustic turbulence, we express the main reconnection parameters directly in terms of the basic plasma parameters. Finally, we apply our model to solar flares and obtain typical reconnection times that are consistent with observations.


The article discusses application of RTK technology in checking and accepting survey of strip mine's stope,and precision on application is analyzed The results indicate that intensity of labour on surveying personnel is reduced greatly and work efficiency and production quality are heightened by RTK technology possessing merits of intuitionistic and shortcut,strong real-time,non-accumulation of point location error,etc.


In the present study, histochemical techniques combined with more conventional anatomical methods were used to refine the identification of the nucleus of the optic tract and the nuclei of the accessory optic system in the opossum. The distribution of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase (CO)<0B> <0R>was examined in the cells and the neuropil of the opossum's mesodiencephalic region. Strong CO labeling was present in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT)‐dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN). Alternate sections, taken from animals that had received bilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase centered in the region of the inferior olive, were subjected to assays for CO and horseradish peroxidase. The region occupied by CO‐labeled cells in the NOT‐DTN superimposed with the one defined by retrogradely labeled cells. Cell counts along the NOT‐DTN anteroposterior axis revealed that although the olivary and CO‐positive cells were confined within similar boundaries, the latter are up to twofold more numerous than the former. As revealed by cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, the outlines of the NOT‐DTN, the other pretectal nuclei and the nuclei belonging to the accessory optic system coincided with those revealed by the histochemistry for nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d). After an intraocular injection of cholera toxin beta subunit and alternate sections processing for NADPH‐d and CO, the distribution of labeled retinal terminal fields in the mesodiencephalic region was shown to be coincident with regions of high levels of histochemical labeling. These results are discussed in the light of previous anatomofunctional assessments of the pretectum and accessory optic system. J. Comp. Neurol. 398:206–224, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


While much has been reported about the scientific management movement, some gaps remain. Recently uncovered material from the files of the Williams & Wilkins Company provides new information about ...


Root is the administrative privilege on Android, which is however inaccessible on stock Android devices. Due to the desire for privileged functionalities and the reluctance of rooting their devices, Android users seek for no-root approaches, which provide users with part of root privileges without rooting their devices. Existing no-root approaches require users to launch a separate service via Android Debug Bridge (ADB) on an Android device, which would perform user-desired tasks. However, it is unusual for a third-party Android application to work with a separate native service via sockets, and it requires the application developers to have extra knowledge such as Linux programming in application development. In this paper, we propose a feasible no-root approach based on new functionalities added on Android, which creates no separate service but an ADB loopback. To ensure such no-root approach is not misused in a proactive instead of reactive manner, we examine its dark side. We find out that while this approach makes it easy for no-root applications to work, it may lead to a "permission explosion," which enables any third-party application to attain shell permissions beyond its granted permissions. The permission explosion can further lead to exploits including privacy leakage, account takeover, application UID abuse, and user input inference. A practical experiment is carried out to evaluate the situation in the real world, which shows that many real-world applications from Google Play and four third-party application markets are indeed vulnerable to these exploits. To mitigate the dark side of the new no-root approach and make it more suitable for users to adopt, we identify the causes of the exploits, and propose a permission-based solution. We also provide suggestions to application developers and application markets on how to prevent these exploits.


It researches on the regeneration principles of asphalt pavement,and introduces in detail the usable range and the merit and demerit of emulsified asphalt.Through the application of regeneration technology,reducing construction cost,rational use of resources and environmental protection has been achieved,so as to promote the highway construction.


In this study, the field measurement-based validation of a novel sediment transport calculation method is presented. River sections with complex bed topography and inhomogeneous bed material composition highlight the need for an improved sediment transport calculation method. The complexity of the morphodynamic features (spatially and temporally varied bed material) can result in the simultaneous appearance of the gravel and finer sand dominated sediment transport (e.g., parallel bed armoring and siltation) at different regions within a shorter river reach. For the improvement purpose of sediment transport calculation in such complex river beds, a novel sediment transport method was elaborated. The base concept of it was the combined use of two already existing empirical sediment transport models. The method was already validated against laboratory measurements. The major goal of this study was the verification of the novel method with a real river case study. The combining of the two sediment transport models was based on the implementation of a recently presented classification method of the locally dominant sediment transport nature (gravel or sand transport dominates). The results were compared with measured bed change maps. The verification clearly referred to the meaningful improvement in the sediment transport calculation by the novel manner in the case of spatially varying bed content.


The emergence of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a market power and the reversion of Hong Kong to PRC sovereignty in 1997 have focused the attention of the international business community on the PRC's willingness to enforce contractual obligations according to the rule of law. Some scholars have questioned whether the rule of law can ever be realized in China without a change in the basic system of governance. This Note attempts to answer that question, at least in the context of the Foreign Economic Contract Law (FECL), the law governing contractual disputes between Sino and foreign enterprises in the PRC. This Note first discusses the importance of the rule of law in autonomous business transactions and differentiates the rule of law from an instrumentalist perspective of the role of law. The Note then addresses contract law in the PRC, including the traditional reliance on the rule by law, the government's attempt to move towards the rule of law, and the current status of the law governing contracts between Sino and foreign enterprises. The Note describes the characteristics of a society governed by the rule of law. Using these characteristics as a baseline, it assesses the possibility that Sino-foreign contractual disputes in the PRC may be adjudicated according to the rule of law. It includes a description of the obstacles facing the implementation of the rule of law, suggestions for overcoming them, and an


We provide evidence on the incidence and effectiveness of shareholder monitoring by examining shareholder proposals to rescind poison pills. Our research indicates that shareholders present resolutions when they are more likely to increase the value of the firm. We find that pill rescission proposals are submitted more frequently when firm performance has been poor, when the initial market reaction to the adoption of the pill is negative, and when insider and block ownership of stock is low. In addition, pill rescission proposals receive more support when performance is poor and when the pill has characteristics that increase its potential for misuse by management. Unlike some previous studies, we find evidence that shareholder monitoring is effective. Poison pills are more likely to be restructured or rescinded when there is a shareholder resolution concerning the pill. In addition, once a pill rescission proposal is presented, the firm is more likely to restructure or rescind the poison pill if the initial market reaction to the pill adoption was negative and if the proposal was submitted by a pension fund. Overall, our results support the idea that shareholder proposals, despite the fact that they are non-binding, can be an effective mechanism in managerial oversight and an important component of the governance process of the firm.


A Bochner integral formula f = B−∫Y w(y)Φ(y) dμ(y) is derived that presents a function f in terms of weights w and a parametrized family of functions Φ(y), y in Y . Comparison is made to pointwise formulations, norm inequalities relating pointwise and Bochner integrals are established, G-variation and tensor products are studied, and examples are presented.


Introduction. Traditionally, the curriculum for deaf learners mainly involved language acquisition at the expense of other academic subjects. Currently, their subjects also include other disciplines, like science, to enrich students' knowledge related to human life. Objective. This study aims to describe the implementation of school science practices and identifies the challenges in improving science education in special schools for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students as a guide for improving inclusive education of these students. Methods. The sample included four principals and six classroom science teachers from five DHH schools, using purposive sampling in the five schools that provide education for DHH students in three regencies of Regional V Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were gathered through interviews, field observations, and artifacts. Results. The teachers use various teaching strategies and rely on visual and handson activities for DHH students. The schools provide sign language interpreters and speech-development programs as support for teachers and DHH students. All teachers need professional development in teaching collaboration opportunities to develop their expertise in teaching DHH students. The policy implementation, instructional strategies, resources, and teacher qualifications were found to be extrinsic factors. Conclusion. The teachers need support from the government to include them in relevant training programs and prepare teachers with special or inclusive education knowledge by adding courses in university-level education for all prospective teachers. The results are insightful for DHH students, science educators, and policymakers.


For the conversion and storage of renewable energy, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals comprises one of the most promising strategies. A number of studies have focused on the development of robust electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 with high efficiency and selectivity. Most of the proposed mechanisms of the CO2 reduction are based primarily on theoretical calculations. Although a few studies have been dedicated to the in situ direct detection of intermediates, the mechanisms are still unclear and questionable. As Au is one of the most efficient catalysts for CO2 reduction, it is selected as an electrocatalyst model for this work to examine intermediates and to explore the kinetics of the electrochemical reduction of CO2. In this study, gold nanoparticles were prepared by a facile sputtering method. In situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of the electrochemical reduction...


When suppliers face saving constraints or demand commitment devices, buyers can compete by offering deferred payments. However, the ability to credibly promise this service depends on their reputation. Using multiple experimental designs and data sources from Kenyan dairy farming, we unveil interlinkages between saving and product markets. A segmented market emerges in which buyers serve distinct purposes: small, traditional traders provide liquidity; whereas the largest buyer, a cooperative, provides deferred payments and pays a lower price. Our results show that modern organizational forms help time inconsistent producers overcome self-control problems in spending habits. In addition, in this interlinked market structure, the large buyer cannot use price incentives to increase supply: a substantial price increase has limited impact on the coop deliveries, pointing at complementarities in sourcing practices. ∗ Lorenzo Casaburi, email@example.com. Rocco Macchiavello, email@example.com. This project would have not been possible without the outstanding collaboration of Karen Ayabei, Joseph Gitiria, Patricia Gitonga, Tim Dobermann, Land O' Lakes, and the IPA Staff in Kenya. We thank Pascaline Dupas, Marcel Fafchamps, Michael Kremer, Jacob Leshno, Tavneet Suri, and Jack Willis for early discussions. We are particularly indebted to Tristan Reed with whom this project was started and to an anonymous donor for financial support.


Geophysical methods provide valuable information about subsurface permafrost and its relation to dynamic hydrologic systems. Airborne electromagnetic data from interior Alaska are used to map the distribution of permafrost, geological features, surface water, and groundwater. To validate and gain further insight into these field datasets, we also explore the geophysical response to hydrologic simulations of permafrost evolution by implementing a physical property relationship that connects geology, temperature, and ice saturation to changes in electrical properties.


: Abstract In this paper, we propose a hot and cold data management method that dynamically places hot and cold data on DDR-SSD and HDD for a hybrid storage system. In order for the hybrid storage system to yield the best attainable performance, it is required to place hot data on DDR-SSDs and cold data on HDDs. Also, we have to monitor the temperature (hot or cold) of data and replace data according to its temperature. In this paper, we propose a hot and cold data management method that measures the temperature of data on real-time and replace the data. The proposed hot and cold data management method includes the DDR-SSD cache for allocating new blocks and main memory cache which considers the mobility of data to reduce migration costs between HDD and DDR-SSD. Finally, through simulation, we evaluate our hot and cold data management method.


It has already been known that synthetic polysaccharide sulfuric acid esters have a blood anticoagulant activity in vitro. They, however, cannot be employed clinically on account of their toxicity. We synthesed sulfuric acid esters of glycogen, chondroitin sulfate & alginic acid. Their S contents were 16.1%, 8.2% & 12.3% and showed the following anticoagulant activities in comparison with those of heparin, such as (heparin 1) alginic acid sulfate 1/2, glycogen sulfate 1/12 & chondroitin polysulfate 1/20. The lethal doses of alginic acid sulfate land chondroitin sulfate were both 10mg per 10g in mouse body weight.


by comparing electrical pulses derived from the drum movement with pulses from connector shaft monitors. Visible and audible warning is given if any discrepancy arises which denotes indicator malfunction. Lintott also supply a cage landing speed recorder, specifically designed for use in the testing of winding engines and safety equipment used in mine and lift shaft operation. Pulses are generated by a drum unit proportional to the movement of the rope, and are integrated in the recorder to provide a velocity signal which is displayed graphically on a chart. The chart itself can also be driven proportional to distance or time. Winding motor


BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. PI-RADS v2.1 form the requirements for the magnetic resonance imaging protocol, which cannot be fully implemented on a significant part of functioning scanners. As a result, magnetic resonance imaging approaches vary in different medical organizations and often do not allow for a qualitative interpretation of images and diagnosis of the target pathology. AIM: To develop a biparametric magnetic resonance imaging protocol optimized for the existing magnetic resonance imaging scanners for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, allow to screen and detect neoplasms as early as possible. At the same time, the protocol should be as close as possible to the current PI-RADS v2.1 recommendations and meet the requirements of effective workflow in radiology department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preliminary analysis of the prostate magnetic resonance imaging scanning in medical organizations of the Moscow Health Care Department showed the absence of the unified approach. Using the method of iterative adjustment of scanning parameters, we adjusted the protocol ensuring acceptable quality with maximum available compliance with PI-RADS v2.1. To quantify the quality of the images we used the magnetic resonance imaging phantom recommended by the American College of Radiology. RESULTS: The biparametric protocol was developed for the Excelart Vantage 1.5 T, including T2-weighted images in three planes and diffusion-weighted images, which is less than 11 minutes in total. At the same time, image quality parameters (intensity inhomogeneity, nonlinearity, resolution, and slice thickness) were within the magnetic resonance imaging manufacturer's acceptable ranges. CONCLUSION: The prostate may be evaluated effectively by using the proposed magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Its launching into the practice tends to have a significant influence on detection of PCa in men. It should be noted that the whole duration of the protocol provides a possibility


7 Abstract 8 The role of phosphate additives on the hydration process of magnesium silicate cement pastes was investigated through a 9 multi-technique approach. A MgO/SiO2 mixture was hydrated for 28 days either in the absence or in the presence of 10 sodium hexametaphosphate, trimetaphosphate or orthophosphate. Information on the kinetics of the hydration reaction was 11 acquired by monitoring the free water index by means of differential scanning calorimetry, while the hydration products 12 were thoroughly investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13 scanning electron microscopy and Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The overall results provide 14 new insight into the effect of phosphates on the hydration reaction and on the structure of magnesium silicate hydrate 15 cements. All additives showed a plasticizing effect and promoted the formation of the binding phase magnesium silicate 16 hydrate (M–S–H), without significantly altering its structure. Sodium orthophosphate was found to be by far the best17 performing additive, even better than sodium hexametaphosphate, which is commonly used in these cementitious for18 mulations. For the first time, P solid-state NMR investigation allowed orthophosphate ion to be identified as the effective 19 species. 20 21


) antennas fastened to an end of a transmission line were pulse-excited by 0.5 ns rise time pulsesfor radiation of ultra-wideband signals. Wideband horn antennas were used for receiving the signals and wideband samplingoscilloscope was used for their visualization. The signals were registered in 1Œ5.6 GHz frequency range and had the quasi-Gauss envelope form. The plane antennas made of Cu, resistive Al, and resistive nanostructured Ni thin lms on supportingpolyethylene terephthalate of 100 "m thickness were used. It is shown that the radiation induced by pulsed excitation canbe used to control parameters of resistive coatings, including nanostructured ones, during a deposition process. The metallicnanostructured thin lms could be used to create plane radiating and receiving antennas having resistive elements and adaptedfor ultra-wideband signals. Ultra-wideband antennas with resistive nanostructured coatings, which have properties that canbe changed by external electric or magnetic elds or by optical radiation, can be used for modulation of radiated pulses.Further experimental studies are proposed to elaborate metallic nanostructured thin lms suitable to withstand possible damagesinduced by short high power electrical pulses.


Introduction Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with many extragastrointestinal diseases such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Recently, several studies have reported a relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and H. pylori infection. Indeed, H. pylori infection is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR), which is closely linked with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, fetuin-A has been linked with impaired insulin sensitivity. Aim Therefore, we aimed to evaluate fetuin-A as a possible link between H. pylori infection and IR. Patients and methods A total of 160 patients included in our study were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of H. pylori infection. We determined serum fetuin-A, serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment-IR, and liver and kidney functions. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and antral biopsy was taken for H. pylori examination. Results We found that fetuin-A was significantly elevated in H. pylori-positive group when compared with H. pylori-negative group, and a significant positive correlation of fetuin-A was observed with fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment-IR. Conclusion We conclude that fetuin-A was implicated as a possible link between H. pylori infection and the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through its effect on IR.


Highlighted Research Paper: Ovarian Cycle Stages Modulate Alzheimer-Related Cognitive and Brain Network Alterations in Female Mice, by Lauren Broestl, Kurtresha Worden, Arturo J. Moreno, Emily J. Davis, Dan Wang, Bayardo Garay, Tanya Singh, Laure Verret, Jorge J. Palop, and Dena B. Dubal


Ureteral quadruplication is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. It was first reported in 1975. The patients may present with different features and complications in respect to this congenital anomaly. They may also present with other congenital anomalies. Diagnosis sometimes is difficult and may need to be investigated with Magnetic Resonance Urogram, CT scan apart from routine investigations like ultrasonography and intravenous urogram. Surgical treatment should be based on the operative and investigational finding. We present the twelfth reported case but the first from Nepal. It was associated with a large ureteral cyst with diagnostic dilemma. Surgical exploration was done with a provisional diagnosis of large retroperitoneal cyst. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):79-81