rather than a deterrent to research. Some failure in physiological advance fifty and more years ago was due to the passion for simplifying processes which we know now to be of the most amazing complexity. Renal excretion and carbohydrate metabolism are two of innumerable examples. And now the clinical failure of endocrine treatment implies that until the problem becomes more " complicated " for the physiologist we shall make no further progress from our present static position. " Static " is the word. For some years we have achieved no real advance in this branch of endocrinology. Prof. E. A. Doisy, of St. Louis University, has written personally to point out that it was the late Dr. Edgar Allen who concluded that cornification of the vagina is due to a hormone found in the Graafian follicle of the ovary. The important work of Stockard and Papanicalaou undoubtedly influenced the pioneer work on the ovarian hormones which was done by Dr. Allen and Prof. Doisy. While discussing the general difficulties of hormone therapy I dwelt upon the paramount importance of the nervous factor in the control of the hormone system in man, and thus I agree strongly with Mr. Everard Williams when he draws attention (Feb. 8, p. 234) to the overriding influence of emotional disturbances acting through the nervous system in producing symptomatic effects in the various end-organs. It is almost certain that emotion such as the fear and fright of the air raids acted both through the pituitary and directly on the end-organs through their nervous supply. In addition to Mr. Williams's examples of menstrual troubles I remember the remarkable effect of the near-by bursting bomb in starting the immediate onset of premature labour. Some correspondents have discussed details of treatment. Dr. Donald Fraser (p. 234) makes a plea for progesterone in metropathia. I quoted the work of Dr. Scowen in support of this treatment and also success following the use of testosterone. It is nevertheless true that many cases suffer relapses, which will compel us ultimately to treat these patients by x rays or hysterectomy. Dr. Raymond Greene's remarkable case of cure of eunuchism (March 8, p. 311), as proved by a subsequent pregnancy, is of great interest, and an encouragement to treat similar and less well established cases on the lines he describes. But perhaps the best summing-up of the difficulties of endocrine therapy is given by Dr. A. P. Cawadias (March 22, p. 390) when he describes the disorder not as a separate disease of one or more of the six chief glands but as a pathological " complex " based upon irregular function of the whole psychosomatic system, including the endocrine glands, and all in relation to environmental factors. Through all your correspondents' letters can be traced agreement, with varying emphasis, on some fundamental points. The idea of cell receptors in the endorgans is by no means new, but it has not yet been exploited by researches which might enable us to expand our resources in treatment. Finally, the patient apparently suffering from an endocrine disorder such as metropathia, amenorrhoea, and many others must be regarded not as one suffering from a terminal symptom but as a victim of genetic liability and environmental stress. The second of these will include such varied factors as nutrition, human relationships, conditions of work and play-indeed, all the manifold impacts inherent in our modern and troubled civilization.-I am, etc., London, W.1. ALECK BOURNE.


Fungus hsematodes, or encephaloid cancer, affects the orbit and contiguous parts, and occurs occasionally in cattle, horses and 4II classes of domesticated animals in all parts of our country. However, it is seen most frequently in the warm climate of the Southern States, and more especially in the Rocky Mountain coun try and in the States and Territories bordering on Old Mexico. A positive diagnosis may prove exceedingly difficult during the early stages of this disease. The first symptoms observed are usually an inflamed and watery condition of one eye, with evidence of con siderable pain manifested by the patient being uneasy and elevat ing and depressing the head occasionally, and at other times stand-


Selected faces in all National Coal Board Areas will be designated for Advanced Technology Mining (ATM) equipment, using the following criteria: (1) The most suitable mining system, usually longwall retreat,(2) the best of modern equipment proved by production experience, (3) Remote control of equipment where appropriate, (4) those methods and equipment which improve the working environment for men and machines. Equipment for ATM faces must be capable of efficient operation with the minimum number of men and ensure that those men can work in positions of maximum safety. It must be heavy-duty equipment which can operate continually over long periods before needing to be withdrawn to the surface workshops for major overhaul. Above all, each component item in the system must be compatible in speed and integration of operation with associated equipment. For example, powered support and conveyor systems must be capable of being advanced as quickly as the shearer passes along the face.


Traditional inertial grade accelerometers, based on vibrating quartz structures, which have excellent dynamic range, are vital components in avionics. However, such kinds of accelerometers suffer from high cost and exhibit post-shock stability degradation in particular high-shock, high-vibration environments. MEMS fabrication process is an inherently rugged technology and has great potential to bring forth novel solutions on the harsh environment and safety critical applications. This paper reports on a very high performance closed-loop MEMS accelerometer targeted at inertial navigation applications. The chasing primary goal is not for the lower costs and small size, but the performance; the MEMS accelerometer's specifications compete with very high performance accelerometers. The demonstrated MEMS accelerometer is a bulk manufactured capacitive sensor with 11g input full scale over a 300 Hz bandwidth, which is controlled by highly optimized closed-loop electronics. The one-bit sigma-delta 5th-order regulation loop leads to dramatic linearity improvement and consequently vibration rectification factor (VRE). The major improvement in bias stability comes from MEMS design and process flow. Measurements show a long-term bias stability of ±0.1mg, a VRE of better than 10µg/g2, an in-band noise floor of 1µg/vHz and a 120dB dynamic range in a 100 Hz bandwidth. Additional attraction is the low power consumption of the MEMS accelerometers, which makes the power consumption critical applications feasible in the future unmanned air vehicles (UAV).


Niobium-3 Tin (Nb3Sn) is the most promising alternative material for SRF accelerator cavities. The material can achieve higher quality factors, higher temperature operation and potentially higher accelerating gradients compared to conventional niobium. Cornell University has a leading program to produce 2 3 micrometer thick coatings of Nb3Sn on Nb for SRF applications using vapor diffusion. This program has been the first to produce quality factors higher than achievable with conventional Nb at usable accelerating gradients. Here we present an update on progress at Cornell University, including studies of the formation of the Nb3Sn layer, density functional theory calculations of Nb3Sn growth, and designs for a sample host cavity for measuring the quench field of Nb3Sn.


An endoamylase from leaves of pea (Pisum sativum) was purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography and ultrafitration with a yield of about 20%. The purified protein had a specific activity of 686 to 1300 units per milligram protein. Molecular weights of 45 and 41 kilo-dalton were determined by SDS-PAGE and molecular sieve chromatog- raphy, respectively. The purified protein exhibited an action pattern com-mensurate with that of an endoamylase and exhibited properties indicating it to be very similar to cereal grain a-amylases (calcium requirement, stability to heat, lability to low pH-values, insensitivity to sulfhydryl re- agents). Leaf frationation studies indicated that the enzyme was not primarily located in assimilatory mesophyll cells. Chloroplasts isolated from the leaves were found to contain endoamylases, but their activities represented only a small proportion of the total amylolytic potential of the leaf and reflected for the most part properties quite different from those exhibited by the purified enzyme. relevant to the degradation of assimilatory starch. The present study reports the partial purification and characterization of an endoamylase from shoots of pea plants, along with the results of an investigation into the localization of the enzyme within the bisphosphate carboxylase; Bis-tris propane, 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylaminol-propane; Diamide, azodicarboxylic acid bis(dimethylamide); DTNB, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitro-benzoic acid); NEM, N-ethylmaleimide.


Objective To investigate the relationship between various clinicopatholngic factors and prognosis of early gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 459 patients with early gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy combined with extended (D2) lymphadenectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2002 to October 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinicopathologic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, gross morphology, tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic vessels involvement and lymph node metastasis were analyzed using the Cox regression model. Univariate analysis was done by Log-rank test. Results Univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size and differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic vessels involvement and lymph node metastasis significantly affected survival in patients with early gastric cancer (χ2 = 8.476, 6.210, 4.014, 14. 197, 55.027, P < 0.05). The status of lymph node metastasis was an independent predictor of survival in patients with early gastric cancer, and the more metastatic lymph nodes detected, the greater the influence on the prognosis. Conclusions Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor influencing the prognosis of early gastric cancer. Appropriate lymph node dissection is necessary, especially for patients with risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis.

Key words:
Gastric neoplasms, early;  Lymph node metastasis;  Prognosis


An object of the present invention, invasive low and is to provide a method for producing iPS cells with high efficiency. The mononuclear population from peripheral blood, comprising the steps of culturing 3-14 days in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody, the method comprising the step of dedifferentiation process mononuclear population cultured, iPS cells with high efficiency it can be produced.


The massive anti-dumping measures to China of the United States and the European Union have neither fully achieved their purpose of trade protection,nor curbed the slowdown of their economic growth significantly.Various industries of the United States and the European Union have gradually reached economic scale through investment by setting up factories in China.Their true intention is to gradually occupy and monopolize export trade markets of China,which should be another potential strategic end of the United States and the European Union under the trade protectionism banner of anti-dumping to China.China should be highly alert and to take prompt coping measures.


This paper presents an analysis of the following papers: classification of volcanic soils for roadmaking (Briggs=JF); the nature and properties of the subgrade soil at Melbourne airport (Russam=K and Dumbleton=MJ); micaceous soils - methods of determining mica content and the use of routine tests in the evaluation of such soils (Tubey=LW and Bulman=JN); an assessment of the quality of andesitic aggregate from the waitakere ranges (Cornwell=WL and Barrett=PJ); the maintenance of rural highways (Norton=FW).


Fast and accurate classification of the process faults in industry is important for ensuring reliable operation. The traditional K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm needs to calculate the distance between the sample to be classified and all the training samples obtained under normal operation condition (NOC). Large computational cost involves in this step when the number of the NOC samples is huge. Aiming at this, existing methods reduce the training samples by using the clustering algorithms, so as to reduce the computational cost of the KNN. However, the reduction of training samples usually leads to a decrease in the accuracy of fault classification. Misclassification directly affects the normal production and safety of the industrial processes. To this end, a fast KNN fault classification method based on hybrid feature generation and K-Medoids is proposed. Firstly, a hybrid feature generation method combining ReliefF algorithm and linear discriminant analysis algorithm is used to select and extract the sample features, thus enhance the separability inter-classes and improve the accuracy of fault classification. Then, K-Medoids clustering algorithm is used to select few representative training samples and reduce the computational complexity of KNN algorithm. Finally, the simulation is performed on the Tennessee- Eastman process, which verifies that the proposed algorithm is superior than other related four methods and only consumes far less running time than the basic KNN algorithm while retaining higher classification accuracy.


Fracture control procedures are presented for new lines and existing lines, and illustrated with examples. Such procedures and the plans based on them address requirements to assure pipelines can tolerate large defects before leaks or ruptures occur, as well as requirements to control the length of a fracture as a secondary level of control.

The report is divided into three sections. This first section defines basic terminology, describes how fracture control fits into an operator's overall assurance plan for pipeline integrity and discusses general philosophies of fracture control. The remaining two sections describe fracture initiation control and fracture propagation control procedures. Background information needed to understand the fracture concepts is presented in each of the sections. Example problems are presented in the appendices along with computer programs to facilitate the use of the fracture control procedures.


Next generation cellular radios are being developed that facilitate higher (compared to legacy cellular radios) bandwidth, lower latency, etc. While mobile computing devices may include the next generation cellular radios, deployment of next generation cellular base stations that provide full next generation support is sparse. As such next generation cellular radios have only recently been introduced, the next generation cellular radios have not been subjected to extensive power optimization, resulting in significant power consumption (particularly when not connected to the sparsely deployed next generation cellular base stations). Techniques described in this disclosure enable efficient cellular radio access management for mobile computing devices in which the mobile computing devices actively enable and disable the next generation cellular radio based on a proximity to the next generation cellular base stations (or, in other words, geofencing). DESCRIPTION Techniques are described that enable a computing device 10 to manage cellular radio access more efficiently (in terms of power consumption) by enabling and disabling cellular radio access based on a proximity to the next generation cellular base station. Computing device 10 may represent a mobile computing device, such as a tablet computer, a mobile phone (including so-called "smartphones"), a smart watch, smart glasses, a smart speaker, a portable gaming system, a vehicle head unit, a standalone virtual assistance device, or any other device capable of communicating with a cellular base station via a cellular radio. 2 Wang: EFFICIENT CELLULAR RADIO ACCESS MANAGEMENT FOR MOBILE COMPUTING D Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2019 COMPUTING DEVICE 10 CELL 30A


The integration of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in an aerospace system allows to improve its efficiency and its flexibility thanks to their programmability. To exploit these devices, the designer has to identify the functionalities that have to be executed on them and provide their implementation by means of Hardware Description Languages. Generating these descriptions for a software developer could be a very difficult task because of the different programming paradigms of software programs and hardware descriptions. To facilitate the developer in this activity, High Level Synthesis techniques have been developed aiming at (semi-)automatically generating hardware implementations of specifications written in high level languages (e.g., C). State of the art tools implementing such methodologies have not been designed for the integration with aerospace systems design flows, so significant adaptations could be required to the designer for integrating the hardware implementations with the rest of the design solution. In this paper the integration of a High Level Synthesis design flow in the TASTE framework (http://taste.tuxfamily.org) is presented. TASTE is a set of freely available tools for the development of real time embedded systems developed by the European Space Agency together with a set of its industrial partners. This framework allows to integrate specifications described in different languages (e.g., C, ADA, Simulink, SDL) by means of formal languages (AADL and ASN.1) and to early verify the correctness of the produced solutions. TASTE has been extended with Bambu (http://panda.dei.polimi.it), a tool for the High Level Synthesis developed at Politecnico di Milano. In this way the TASTE users have the possibility to specify which functionalities, provided by means of high level languages such C, have to be implemented in hardware on the FPGA without having to directly provide the hardware implementations. Thanks to the integration of the High Level Synthesis tool indeed, the framework is able not only to produce the hardware implementations, but also to integrate them in the rest of the aerospace system by automatically generating the whole architecture to be implemented on the FPGA. This architecture contains not only the implementation of the hardware accelerators, but also of the components required to transfer the data from and to the rest of the system and to correctly manage their size and endianness. The application of the extended framework to a real case study shows its effective usability.


Even though Radhakamal Mukerjee is recognised as a founding father of sociology in India, he has remained a neglected figure in his own country. This lecture attempts to make his major writings more accessible. They are seen in the context of his life as he lived it, with an emphasis on some formative influences, biographical and societal, of his early life. This leads to an argument about his writings that highlights his overriding concern with universalising sociology by overcoming its narrowness so that it may contribute to the welfare of humanity. It is further argued that he is relevant to us at present in the face of the challenges of environmental degradation, the persisting pandemic, war, and our tendency to face these challenges not with truth but with falsehoods.


Lippert, Lisa G.*, Tali Dadosh, Benjamin T. Diroll, Christopher B. Murray, Erika L.F. Holzbaur, Samara Reck-Peterson and Yale E. Goldman. Combined polTIRF and subpixel particle tracking of cytoplasmic dynein supports a winch-like stepping mechanism. Cytoplasmic dynein is a molecular motor that carries cargos toward the minus end of microtubules. Dynein walks processively, but less regularly along microtubules than kinesin and is capable of taking both backwards and sideways steps. Structural dynamics of dynein's AAA+ ring domain during processive stepping are not well understood. We use a combination of polarized TIRF and sub-pixel particle tracking to measure the position and orientation of fluorescent nanorods rigidly attached to AAA5 and AAA6 of the individual dynein ring domains via biotin-NeutrAvidin linkage. We observe rotational changes of the ring and how they correlate with translocation steps. The dynein ring undergoes frequent, small rotations, typically less than 20 degrees, about twice as often as steps. Stepping and tilting both depend on ATP, although some ATP-independent rotations are observed. Rotations which accompany translocation steps have larger magnitudes than ones that are not correlated with steps. Not all steps are correlated with angle changes, either. A heterodimeric mutant construct, with one biotinylated ring carrying a quantum rod and one non-biotinylated dead-head ring walks slowly, indicating that the rod does not destroy motility. Our results are inconsistent with a purely powerstroke stepping mechanism, analogous to that of myosin which would predict larger angle changes tightly coupled to stepping, but instead they support a winch-like mechanism that involves bending of the coiled-coil stalk under intermolecular torque between the heads in the double-headed bound state. Supported by NIH Grant P015GM087253


Abstract The post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) cracking in autogenous gas tungsten arc (GTA) welded Inconel 738LC superalloy, which was given two different preweld heat treatments, was studied. One of the preweld heat treatments, designated as SHT, consisted of solution heat treatment at 1120°C for 2 h in vacuum followed by argon quenching. The second preweld heat treatment, designated as UMT, consisted of solution treatment at 1120°C for 2 h followed by air cooling and then aging at 1025°C for 16 h followed by water quenching. The welded specimens were given the same conventional PWHT, which consisted of SHT at 1120°C for 2 h in vacuum followed by argon quenching and subsequent aging at 845°C for 24 h in vacuum. Microstructural examination of the welded SHT and UMT treated material showed that intergranular microfissuring occurred during welding only in the heat affected zone (HAZ) with some cracks extending into the adjoining base metal (BM), whereas after the PWHT microfissures were observed in the fusion zone (FZ), HAZ and the BM far removed from the HAZ. The crack width ranged from 5 to 10 μm in the PWHT specimens as compared with 1–2 μm in the as welded sections. Although similar type of cracks was observed in samples given the two preweld heat treatments, the UMT preweld heat treatment was found to result in a significant reduction in average total crack length and average crack length, both during welding and during the subsequent PWHT. After PWHT, SHT samples had ∼43% more cracking than the UMT samples. It is suggested that a larger particle size of γ′ precipitates in the HAZ and a smaller size of HAZ in the as welded samples, combined with a softer BM of the UMT material (hardness 280 ± 12 HV10, as compared with 380 ± 10 HV10 of the SHT material) resulted in an improved capability of the material to absorb the strain–aging stresses, and hence a reduced incidence of cracking during PWHT.


In speaking with former Journal of Research on Christian Education ( JRCE ) editor, Lyndon ''Jerry'' Furst prior to writing this editorial, he mentioned a discussion that he has heard repeated over the years during the business sessions of the Associates for Research in Private Education (ARPE), a Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association (Washington, D.C.), a group I currently chair. Periodically a member has posed the question, ''Is it time for us to disband, now that we have achieved our goal?'' This question is only meaningful in the context of the organization's birth. ARPE was formed in the 1960s in an effort to provide presentation and publication opportunities for researchers in the field of private education—a field that was less than a stepchild in educational research at that time. On one side of the discussion are those who point to increased opportunities now for both presentation and publication for those scholars who focus on private education. On the other side of the argument are those who believe the broader field will simply revert to its previous status should private education scholars discontinue their work as researchers and advocates in the field. The nascence of JRCE was initiated by similar concerns to those that led to the founding of ARPE. Two decades ago, limited peer-reviewed publishing opportunities were available for researchers of Christian schools, particularly for researchers in the Protestant or Evangelical traditions. Since it's founding, JRCE


This submission supports the framework for spectrum re-allocation advanced in the Digital Dividend Green Paper. In particular, we support • 're-stacking' to achieve a contiguous block of freed spectrum • harmonization of Australia's spectrum use with major developed countries • use of market mechanisms for spectrum allocation, after public interest considerations have been addressed • a flexible policy and regulatory environment that reflects a shift from static to dynamic spectrum use and the increasingly convergent nature of digital technology. In our view, the Green Paper's proposals are necessary if Australia is to derive maximum economic and social benefit from freed-up spectrum. But we also argue that consideration of new models of spectrum access is also required.


Historians of the long eighteenth century (c.1688–1832) have often commented on the impact of the rise of the press and the changing nature of printing on British society, from its social interactions to its economic expansion, colonialism, and politics. The fourteen essays included in Pen, Print and Communication in the Eighteenth Century, however, places the focus on the format, typography, the mechanics of printing, the materials used, and the cultural impact of written communication. This focus is apt, for the collection originated as papers delivered at the Baskerville Society conference held at Birmingham City University in 2015. John Baskerville (c.1706–1775) was a leading Birmingham industrialist, typographer, and printer when Birmingham was by mid-century fast becoming the center of European printing (158). After their introduction, Caroline Archer-Parré and Malcolm Dick present the collection in four sections: the impact printing had on penmanship; the use printing and writing had for personal pleasure and public performance; how printing widened cultural horizons; and how printing created new international intellectual, political, and cultural identities. Contained in the chapters on penmanship there is an interesting contribution by Persida Di Giacomo on the career of the Serbian linguist, poet, and engraver Zaharija Orfelin (1726–1785). Few will be familiar with this eclectic figure, but Di Giacomo completes a useful survey of his career even if more evidence is needed to support the claim that Orfelin was influential in founding the later Serbian nation (43). As is usually the case with conference paper collections, the content and standard varies, but included here two standout essays concerning Birmingham itself. In discussing the career of James Bisset (c.1762–1832) Jenni Dixon outlines how hisA Poetical Survey round Birmingham, which included twenty-seven copperplate engravings and was later renamed A Grand National Dictionary in 1800, constituted a visual excursion through Journal of British Studies 60 (October 2021): 941–983. © The North American Conference on British Studies, 2021


We present an implementation of a Web3 platform that leverages the Groth16 Zero-Knowledge Proof schema to verify the validity of questionnaire results within Smart Contracts. Our approach ensures that the answer key of the questionnaire remains undisclosed throughout the verification process, while ensuring that the evaluation is done fairly. To accomplish this, users respond to a series of questions, and their answers are encoded and securely transmitted to a hidden backend. The backend then performs an evaluation of the user's answers, generating the overall result of the questionnaire. Additionally, it generates a Zero-Knowledge Proof, attesting that the answers were appropriately evaluated against a valid set of constraints. Next, the user submits their result along with the proof to a Smart Contract, which verifies their validity and issues a non-fungible token (NFT) as an attestation of the user's test result. In this research, we implemented the Zero-Knowledge functionality using Circom 2 and deployed the Smart Contract using Solidity, thereby showcasing a practical and secure solution for questionnaire validity verification in the context of Smart Contracts.


In this paper, we derive accurate outage probability and bit error rate expressions for a high altitude platform station (HAPS) assisted terrestrial communication system. In particular, HAPS is deployed as a relay node to assist two ground stations for data transmission. Each ground station-to-HAPS communication link works on a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and free space optics (FSO) mode. Selection combining is performed at the HAPS and the destination ground station to select either RF or FSO link based on the instantaneous channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The accuracy of the derived outage probability and bit error rate expressions are validated with extensive computer simulations. We further develop an optimal power allocation scheme that optimizes the transmit power of source-ground-station and HAPS while satisfying practical energy consumption constraints. The derived expressions provide more insights on system design and assist analyzing HAPS-terrestrial integrated network supported by hybrid RF/FSO system.


Whispering gallery modes (WGM) in a cylindrical micro-cavity of a silica optical fiber are excited with a tapered fiber of ~7μm in diameter by evanescence field, and the WGM spectra of the cylindrical micro-cavity with different diameters (300μm, 400μm and 500μm) are measured. The resonant positions and their separations of the spectra are assigned precisely by an asymptotic formula. Considering the fiber dispersion and the errors induced from it, the values of the resonant position and its separation achieved from assignment within the experimental spectra range (1290~1320 nm) match well with a theoretical calculation and a measured accuracy of the refractive index of the micro-cavity can be as high as 10-5, which indicates that a dispersion sensor can be formed by measuring the dispersive features of WGM in a cylindrical micro-cavity.


Onion (Allium cepa L.) belongs to the family Alliaceae is the second most valuable vegetable crop grown throughout the world. It is rightly called the "queen of the kitchen" (Selvaraj, 1976) and cultivated in several regions of the world. India, the second largest producer of onion in the world followed by China, ranks third in export next to Netherlands and Spain. India exported 24lakh MT of fresh onion to other countries worth of Rs. 3106.50 crores (APEDA, 2017). Bulb used for edible purpose contains volatile oil known as allyl propyl disulphide (C6H12S2) which is responsible for pungency. Onion is widely used in all parts of world as a flavouring agent among the vegetables. It is used as salad and in curries as boiled, fried and for making soups and pickles. Onion is also processed as dehydrated powder, rings and shreds.


The void diameter and the internal surface area of porous concrete, prepared with crushed stone and glass balls of differing diameters as aggregate, were determined by slicing off the central cross section, cutting it into pieces at constant intervals and making an image analysis of those sections to examine the effect of the analytical results on the physical properties of the porous concrete and the growth of plants. The results indicated that the mean void diameter of the porous concrete is approximately 0.22 to 0.24 times the particle diameter of the aggregate packed with 30% binder and that the interconnected void, approximately 3 mm in mean diameter, is appropriate for grass-planting concrete.


Fishing with the aid of plant toxins was formerly very common in tropical Africa. Today this easy method of fishing is still practised in remote areas. The method is simple: the poisonous ingredients are pounded and thrown into a pool or dammed-up sections of a small river. After a short time the fish begin to rise to the surface and can then readily be taken by hand. The fish can be eaten without health problems. The main active compounds are saponins, rotenoids and diterpene esters. Such biologically active plants are of great interest to scientists of various disciplines. Some of these plants provide important insecticides, many play an important part in traditional medicine and in preparation or arrow poisons.

258 fish-poisoning plants are presented, based on 25 years of field research by the author in tropical Africa and evaluations of herbarium notes. 10–20 per cent of the fishing poisons are probably still unknown. They are spread among 167 plant genera and 60 families. The evaluation shows a clear dominance of the Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Papilionaceae) in the hierarchy of the fish poisoning plants. It is also remarkable that a great proportion are in the Euphorbiaceae.


We use cross-section, time-series approach to study the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the European Union with particular emphasis on the expectations of a Single Market following the Single European Act of 1987. Using annual data from the 1980s, we investigate the determinants of US and Japanese FDI in the EU by pooling the data by the host country. We find strong evidence in favour of a Single Market effect where the anticipation of a larger market size due to a barriers-free European market leads to an increase in tne inflows of FDI. In addition, our estimation results show that FDI flows in the EU also depend on market size and the real exchange rate (as a proxy of relative labour costs).


We propose and demonstrate a novel technique for in situ measuring light-induced refractive index gratings in ????? ????? using digital holographic microscopy, which offers the possibility of direct observation of holographic recording in microscopic view.


We demonstrate quantum cascade lasers emitting at wavelengths of 3–3.2 μm in the InP-based material system. The laser core consists of GaInAs/AlInAs using strain balancing technique. In room temperature pulsed mode operation, threshold current densities of 1.66 kA/cm2 and 1.97 kA/cm2, and characteristic temperatures (T0) of 108 K and 102 K, are obtained for the devices emitting at 3.2 μm and 3 μm, respectively. Room temperature continuous wave operation is achieved at both wavelengths.


In this work, stable aqueous suspensions of nano-boehmite were developed through a hybrid wet-chemical route that uses hyperbranched dendritic poly(ethylene)imine (PEI) as template material for boehmite formation aiming at the development of a deagglomerated α-alumina nanopowder after calcination. The method involves firstly the interaction between the Al precursor and PEI followed by the hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions. The study was aiming to investigate the effect of solids content and pH during reactions on both the stability of the final suspension and the morphology of the resulting nanocrystals. For this purpose, the suspensions were evaluated through viscosity measurements, zeta potential analyses, FT-IR, DLS and sedimentation studies, whereas after the proper centrifugation, drying, and calcination steps, the as-received nanocrystals were evaluated through SEM, TEM and XRD studies. In addition, the boehmite nanopowder was studied using Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis, whereas its sinterability was evaluated by dilatometric measurements. The investigation showed that the conditions employed affect greatly both the morphology of nanocrystals as well as the dispersion and the stability of the suspensions. The boehmite suspension with the optimum dispersion and stability can lead, after calcination at 1050°C, to a fine deagglomerated α-alumina nanopowder with a mean size at about 10 nm.


Electricity markets have different structures in different nations. Market structure, market rules, load level, market concentration and energy sources used to produce electricity influence the performances of the market. Modifications on those aspects may significantly affect market outcomes. Market simulators are developed to study the market behavior both from the point of view of the regulator and of the market players. The goal of regulators are monitoring the system, testing the rules or detecting market deficiencies, while the goal of each player is to find the optimal strategy to bid in the market. In this paper a medium run electricity market simulator (MREMS) based on game theory is presented. This simulator aims at capturing the strategic behavior of the producers resorting to the Forchheimer or Bertrand models, the kind of model being chosen according to the market concentration. A Residual Demand Curve (RDC) approach is proposed for the best bid exploration. Real input data from the Italian market are considered with some simplifying hypotheses related mainly to the hydropower allocation. These hypotheses ensure that the level of complexity of the modelization stays within reasonable limits. To illustrate the main features of the simulator and its usefulness in analyzing the electricity markets we present the results of the simulations on the Italian market.


A generalized expectation-maximization algorithm is derived for performing unsupervised tissue classification in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional MR images, as well as single-channel and multi-channel images. The algorithm computes posterior probabilities conditioned on the given image data, that a tissue class is present at each pixel or voxel. Robustness to noise and intensity inhomogeneity artifacts is provided using two Markov random field priors. Application of the algorithm to simulated and real MR data demonstrates that the algorithm performs well under a variety of situations.


In order to verify the Fluorescent-Quantitation PCR kit specific for Borna disease virus(BDV) nucleoprotein,compare molecular beacon with common probe and study its practical application,the sensitivity,distinctness,repeatability and stability were tested on BDV and non-BDV infected cells,as well as non-infected controls.Human and animal samples were also tested by the kit.The lowest quantity of virus RNA detected by the kit was 2.5×101,which corresponded to 1 virus copy.No false positive result was found.The coefficient of variation(CV) of different batches was less than 0.7,and the CV between normal kits and the kits treated by accelerating decomposition was less than 2.The morbidities of human and animal detected by the kits were 3.6%(human),4.2%(swine) and 1.5%(horse).The sen-sitivity and distinctness of this kit are better than common probe kit.All of the results indicate that this kit is an efficient tool in fundamental research,clinical detection and epidemiological investigation of BDV.


We evaluate the efficiency of mutual fund managers of 20 different classes of management styles to identify the most efficient strategies and to propose an optimal pattern in selecting the funds by investors. We collect monthly data of 17,686 US mutual funds for a five-year period 2005-2010 to minimize the impact of survivorship bias and use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to evaluate the mutual fund performance. The set of considered inputs comprised "variance", representing the mutual fund risk, and "turnover, expense ratio and loads indicators", reflecting the mutual fund costs and fees. Two kinds of outputs are taken into account by our DEA model, "portfolio return" and "stochastic dominance indicators". As a unique contribution, we state the benefits of the DEA approach in the DARA, CARA, and IARA framework, and evaluate the efficiency of mutual funds based on fund strategies as well as the performance of best mutual funds among their group.The evidence shows that the efficiency scores of technical, management, and scale are respectively 0.81, 0.921, and 0.874 for the DARA model, while the efficiency scores of two models of CARA and IARA are negligible. Also, we rank each management strategy in any model based on two methods - the number of referencing and the weighted value so that the managers of inefficient strategies must pattern the managers' ability of reference (efficient) strategies to improve their efficiency on the fund market in future.


This paper reflects some of my PhD research into the ability of subjects to express themselves in a 'free and frank' manner to authority figures in an educational context. In doing so I draw particularly on Michel Foucault and his concept of Parrhesia, Leo Tolstoy's writing connected with social action and education, together with Lauren Berlant's concept of 'Impasse'. Writing under these influences I begin with an outline of autonomy, freedom and truth before entering into a description of one aspect of Foucault's Parrhesia. I then relate this to a sample of my interview respondents' experiences in an educational context, before continuing with a short discussion of coercion and authority.


This paper numerically investigates the deformability of granular materials with emphasis on the influence of particle size polydispersity. Triaxial compression tests are simulated using distinct element method (DEM) on a set of samples consisting of uncrushable spheres following a variety of grain size distributions. The compressibility under isotropic compression and deformation modulus during triaxial shearing are examined to correlate with the size polydispersity. The results show that, given the same relative density, the compressibility and deformation modulus is insensitive to the grain-size conditions under consideration, but the void ratio is significantly influenced by the size polydispersity. A grading index proposed by the authors is employed to quantify the size polydispersity and correlate with the deformation parameters. Compared with the more conventional coefficient of uniformity, this grading index exhibits a better performance for faithfully representing size polydispersity. An empirical prediction model for the deformation modulus is developed to account for the effect of the size polydispersity, in addition to the confining pressure and void ratio. Although this model exhibits a fair performance for predicting the deformation modulus, it is considered promising in accounting for the effect of size polydispersity. At the microscale, a unique correlation is found between the deformation modulus and the mechanical average coordination number, which can be estimated from the effective void ratio.


The Standard Model differential cross section for ν̄e–e− elastic scattering vanishes exactly, at lowest order, for forward e trons and incident̄ νe energy close to the rest energy of the electron. This dynamical zero is not induced by a funda symmetry of the Lagrangian but by a destructive interference between the leftand right-handed chiral couplings of the in the charged and neutral current amplitudes. We show that lowest-order analyses based on this favorable kinemati ration are only mildly affected by the inclusion of the O(α) radiative corrections in thē νe–e− differential cross section, thu providing an excellent opportunity for the search of "new physics". In the light of these results, we discuss possible to improve the upper limits on the neutrino magnetic moment by selecting recoil electrons contained in a forward narro We conclude that, in spite of the obvious loss in statistics, one may have a better signal for small angular cones.  2005 Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY license. enof mixjoosnt betion en , it ude mino


The performance of MPEG-2 coders with regard to bit-rate reduction of unsteady film sequences is assessed. Sequences impaired both by hop-and-weave and twin-lens flicker artifacts are considered. It is shown that the removal of such artifacts improves the performance of an MPEG-2 coder significantly. In the spatial domain, improvements are due to the suppression of high frequencies artificially boosted by twin-lens flicker. In the temporal domain, the correction of hop-and-weave unsteadiness simplifies the motion estimation process considerably. As a consequence, the coding effort is focused mainly on picture content rather than being consumed by bit-rate reducing the unsteadiness artifacts. Our results show considerable improvement of subjective picture quality and of measured mean-square error for a constant bit-rate reduction ratio. Moreover, improved bandwidth efficiency can be achieved for the same level of objective or subjective distortion.


Bisphenol-A benzoxazine resin( BOZ) has been synthesized using a solvent-free method. A high temperature resistant and fireproof composite was prepared using a glass fiber cloth and a BOZ / epoxy( EP) co-cured resin matrix with adding charring agent. The molecular structure of BOZ was verified by FT-IR and1H-NMR spectroscopy. The co-curing reaction of BOZ with EP was investigated by DSC. The thermal properties of the co-cured resin matrix were studied by TG-DTA. The carbon yield ratio and carbon layer structure of the co-cured resin matrix and composite were studied after burning the material in a 1000 ℃ flame. The results showed that the maximum temperature of the matrix decomposition was 670 ℃. The carbon yield ratio of the matrix was 68. 83% when 5%charring agent was added,and 25. 82% after burning for 15 minutes in a 1000 ℃ flame. The carbon layer adheres evenly to the glass fiber surface. The carbon layer provides thermal insulation and ablation resistance,endowing the composite material with excellent short-term fireproof properties.


This article focuses on the features and challenges of Iter Community (IC), a new collaborative research environment which aims to aid social knowledge creation for the communities that have formed around Iter's discovery tools and publication platforms. The underlying vision of IC as a flexible environment for communication, exchange, and collaboration is explained via the history and conceptual framework of IC, preliminary details concerning its infrastructure and features, and a brief examination of the Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript as an IC pilot project.


The new generation of migrant workers have played an important role in promoting socialist modernization construction,and made great contribution to the development of social economy,but they are faced with islanding problem in spiritual and cultural life.As the principal part of responsibilities,local government should earnestly perform their duties.Urban community should carry out colorful spiritual culture activities to play the main platform part.Labor enterprises should take their social responsibility to encourage the workers to improve their own quality and to participate into city life.Thus,the new generation of migrant workers' spiritual demand can be fulfilled significantly,and they can enjoy the result of cultural development and live a decent and dignified life.


While the Federal Patent and Copyright Acts give patent and copyright holders limited exclusive rights in intellectual property, the Sherman Act prohibits combinations or conspiracies that restrain trade and monopolization. Although firms possessing intellectual property generally exercise their statutory exclusionary rights without running afoul of the antitrust laws, conduct may plausibly be authorized by intellectual property law but forbidden by antitrust. In construing the two statutory schemes, federal courts have generally held that conduct authorized by the intellectual property laws, in the absence of some further inculpatory action, cannot form the basis for antitrust liability. The Ninth Circuit departed from this trend in the recent opinion of Image Technical Services, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Co., holding that a unilateral refusal to deal in patented and copyrighted material can alone constitute sufficiently exclusionary conduct to state a section 2 Sherman Act claim for monopolization or attempted monopolization. In so holding, the Ninth Circuit ignored relevant precedent and crafted a test that offers little practical guidance on the limits of a patent or copyright holder's exclusionary powers in the context of a Sherman Act section 2 claim. This Note argues that, while the Ninth Circuit reached the correct conclusion in this case, the court's broad test insufficiently protects holders of intellectual property from antitrust attack for exercising their statutorily-authorized exclusive rights, and offers no compelling tangible benefit to consumers. The federal antitrust and intellectual property laws claim to embrace the same broad policies of encouraging the development and marketing of novel products in a competitive marketplace; yet, in practice the two statutory schemes are sometimes in tension. Section 2 of the Sherman Act forbids monopolization and attempted monopolization,' while the Patent and Copyright Acts confer property rights that allow their holders to exclude others from either using, making, selling,2 or reproducing and distributing3 protected items or works for a statutorily-designated period. In most situations, those holding patents or copyrights can conduct their business without fear of running afoul of the Sherman Act.4 1. 15 U.S.C. § 2 (1994). 2. Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. § 154 (1994). 3. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C.A. § 106 (West Supp. 1998). 4. Because the Sherman Act is also concerned with such things as concerted action and tying arrangements, and the intellectual property laws merely grant a limited right to engage in exclusionary conduct, holders of intellectual property can often conduct their business without fear of running afoul of the federal antitrust laws. For example, section I of the Sherman Act condemns combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade, which can include tying arrangements and price


This data is composed of (1) a) a list of the attributes used in the analysis of the lithic assemblages of Goda Buticha (southeastern Ethiopia); the site has yielded a sequence dated to the Late Pleistocene (from ca 65 ka) until the Holocene (upper levels dated to 2-1ka), b) a figure illustrating how some of the attributes were recorded; (2) the raw data regarding (a) elongated blanks, (b) cores, (c) retouched points and (d) other retouched tools. Measurements were taken on the lithic artefacts between 2011 and 2012 at the National Museum of Ethiopia in Addis-Ababa (Ethiopia).


A finite-amplitude propagating wave induces a drift in fluids. Understanding how drifts produced by many waves disperse pollutants has broad implications for geophysics and engineering. Previously, the effective diffusivity was calculated for a random set of small-amplitude surface and internal waves. Now, this is extended by Bühler & Holmes-Cerfon (J. Fluid Mech., 2009, this issue, vol. 638, pp. 5–26) to waves in a rotating shallow-water system in which the Coriolis force is accounted for, a necessary step towards oceanographic applications. It is shown that interactions of finite-amplitude waves affect particle velocity in subtle ways. An expression describing the particle diffusivity as a function of scale is derived, showing that the diffusivity can be substantially reduced by rotation.


This paper is the third part of a paper-series in which we create and examine new numerical methods for solving the heat conduction equation. Now we present additional numerical test results of the new algorithms which were constructed using the known, but non-conventional UPFD and odd-even hopscotch methods in Part 1. In Part 2 these methods were tested in one space dimension, while in this part of the series, we present numerical case studies for two and three space dimensions, as well as for inhomogeneous media.


Over the past two decades China adopted the policy of opening to the outside world. The closed Chinese economy became open and the opening up gradually progressed in width and in depth. Many aspects of the country's production and operation were incorporated into the system of international division of labor. China thus became an active participant in economic globalization. In this period China's international trade increased by about 22 times. The country's dependence on foreign trade was 44% in 2001. The annual average utilization of foreign direct investment increased from less than US$ 2 billion in the early 1980s to approximately $40 billion now. By taking an active part in international division of labor, China promoted its economic restructuring and the adjustment of its industrial structure, created enormous job opportunities and enjoyed sustained economic growth. The country therefore shared the benefits of economic globalization.


Abstract As a result of investigating 16 architectural technical books and 72 buildings of modern architectural properties, this paper attempts to illustrate the various treatments of Western wooden roof trusses mixed with Korean roof elements in early 20th century Korea. During this time, new styles such as king post truss, queen post truss, wood-steel composite roof truss, and other roof structures were introduced; which resulted in a mixed style of wooden roofs that used braces, like a strut, in traditional Korean roof structures with a horizontal collar tie in the Western style for the purpose of increasing rigidity. Other changes also appeared in the various types of joint details such as rafter joint, principal rafter joint, and eave details. Korean carpenters tried to accommodate traditional elements and new western style systems in the structural aspect of roof construction. Through the extent to which the findings can be specified for some treatments in the historical and technical standpoint of Korean modern architecture, implications are briefly considered for a unique Korean roof shape in the process of modernization.


The concept of pluralism does not only concern the ethnical, religious and cultural diversity, but it also include external cultural influences. Not a single nation is able to keep its ethnical purity, more over indonesia geographical position which lies on the cross road of two continents and two oceans. In our effort towards having a "New Plurastic Indonesia", we must pursue a new trend to build a melting social environment, encourage social interaction among indegenious and foreign descents, so that a social harmony can exist. we have to reduce misunderstanding and maintain each ethnic groups identity. All Indonesians should except that nation is based on pluralism which consists of many ethnic groups with a diversity of custom, culture and religion as a fact in our daily life.


System involves a first SerDes link from the first integrated circuit (IC) to the second IC, and a second link from the second IC to the first of the IC. Power setting in the circuit of the first link is adjusted to control the power consumption to be maintained within a certain range bit error rate of the first link, in this case, the lower limit of the range is substantially greater than zero. Power setting in the circuit for the second link is adjusted so as bit error rate of the second link to control the power consumption to be maintained within the range, in this case, the lower limit of the range is essentially greater than zero. In one example, the circuit in the second IC has detected an error in the first link, and returns a report via the second link. The first IC is to determine the bit error rate for the first link, use the reported information.


Design students use a variety of physical and digital content in the course of their studies. Augmented paper interactions promise to address this tension, yet there have been few real-world evaluations of these systems. In this paper, we present results from the first longitudinal study of augmented paper interactions for student design teams. We describe our experiences with developing and deploying the iDeas learning ecology, a system that integrates digital pens and cameras into design practice. Across two quarter-long studies, fifty-eight design students used iDeas, authoring over 4,000 pages of content in the course of their classwork. We report on their design habits, the when, what and how of their notebook usage, and pinpoint further avenues of study, including device ensembles. Through observation and analysis, we discovered that integrated paper and digital interactions enable new practices, including the ability to instrument and study design activity itself. We then observe limitations of current form factor and maintenance that inhibit longitudinal use. We conclude by identifying guidelines for development and potential directions for future research into hybrid technology systems for creative work. Figure 1. Design teams in action. Students in the introductory HCI design class work with a variety of media during a group assignment. (Study 1)


This article discusses the implementation of software and hardware device of automated system of the process stabilization of arc dimensional processing on EDM machines and some results of our research in this area are given. The main aim of research is to develop a functional structure of the program software and hardware devices and then checking its performance. Software and hardware device controller, based on a programmable logic controller, controls the automated electric supply tool electrode for EDM type of AMH-1. It is given the dependences that describe the control law according to which the programmable logic controller stabilizes and supports the arc parameters. The use of modern process control systems of EDM allows processing the materials with higher energy efficiency and less resource consumption. This paper proposes a variant of the problem solution of automated system of the process stabilization of arc dimensional processing. This system allows to automate the process of finding and maintaining the feed rate of the tool-electrode in an area close to the quasi-optimal performance of the process. The investigation results can be used by designers in the field of process automation of tool electrode submission during EDM machining of metals.


A modulation-doped SiGe pMOSFET with a high transconductance (Gm) has been successfully fabricated through well-controlled boron δ-doping by reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition (RPCVD). Compared to a Si-control pMOSFET, it shows 30% enhanced Gm up to 102 mS/mm for 0.3 µm gate length, which is even larger than the reported value of a molecular beam epitaxy grown SiGe pMOSFET with a similar device design.


AIM OF THE STUDY:
Protein energy malnutrition affects the myelination and growth of the nervous system. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of protein energy malnutrition on Peripheral nerve conduction & Auditory Evoked Potential Responses in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
40 study group & 40 control group children were selected for this study. Study group includes 40 malnourished children of 5 – 10 years of age from Raja Mirasudar Hospital, Thanjavur based on anthropometric measurements like weight for age & height for age. Control group consists of 40 normal children of same age group. Genetic & endocrine causes for short stature, children with ear pathology were excluded from the study. Informed written consent from the parents / guardians was obtained. Ethical committee approval was obtained before commensing the study. A detailed history & complete clinical examination were performed. Recording of BAER & NCS was done. Results were analysed statistically using student"s "t" test.
RESULT:
There was a significant prolongation in wave I, II, III, IV latency , IPL I-III ,III-V & nerve conduction study showed reduced motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity ( p < 0.05 ) in children with Grade III malnutrition. Children with Grade I, II malnutrition showed significant prolongation in IPL I – III and reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION:
The present study shows significant alteration in Nerve Conduction Velocity & Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential Responses in children with malnutrition which may be due to nutritional deficiency affecting myelination of peripheral nerves & Auditory Brainstem Pathways.
Electrophysiological parameters like MNCV , SNCV , BAEP – Absolute peak latency of Wave I, II, III, IV and Interpeak latency I – III , III – V were recorded. Electrophysiological abnormalities depends on duration and severity of malnutrition. Severe and chronic malnutrition affects Nerve Conduction Velocity, BAEP – I, II, III, IV and IPL I – III, III – V findings.
Mild to moderate malnutrition alters Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity & BAEP – IPL I – III. Thus there is strong association between duration and severity of malnutrition with NCS & BAEP abnormalities. So these electrophysiological tests can be used to detect malnutrition at its early stage.
Nutritional deficiency during development of brain has longlasting effect on learning abilities, psychomotor development, But whether it is reversible or irreversible after nutritional rehabilitation needs to be evaluated.
With the help of advanced electrophysiological methods, the need for screening, early diagnosis, health education & initiating nutritional support at appropriate time will help the Children to improve their academic performance and to become a successful achiever in future.


In the context of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies, we consider two scaling relations: M• - Reσ3 and M• - MGσ2, to derive three fundamental parameters for the supermassive black hole at the center of M87. In this paper we will get predictions for the efficiency and mass of the black hole, and the temperature of its accretion disk, by comparing them with the respective experimental values.


Fifty striped bass were captured in Long Island Sound. The concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was determined in the fish fillets before and after baking, boiling, frying, microwaving or poaching to study possible reduction of PCB residues by these cooking procedures. The cooked portions were evaluated for sensory characteristics. PCB content was significantly reduced by cooking, but there were no significant differences in that reduction among the six cooking methods. Tasters preferred fish prepared by "oil-based" cooking methods (bake, broil, fry) as compared to "water-based" methods (microwave, poach, boil).


Previous research has shown that the perceived reverberation in a room, or reverberance, depends on the sound source that is being listened to. In a study by Osses et al. [(2017) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141(4), EL381-EL387], reverberance estimates obtained from an auditory model for 23 musical instrument sounds in 8 rooms supported this sound-source dependency. As a follow-up to that study, a listening experiment with 24 participants was conducted using a subset of the original sounds with the purpose of mapping each test sound onto a reverberance scale. The experimentally-obtained reverberance estimates were significantly correlated with the simulated reverberance, providing further evidence that the sensation of reverberance is sound-source dependent.


The photoacoustic effect, produced by the F -center in alkali halide crystals, is analyzed using the configuration coordinate model. By using the configuration coordinate model it is possible to explain the temperature increase of the sample when the sample is illuminated and the F -centers absorb light. Also this model explains the piston effect upon the atmosphere that surrounds the sample when the sample is illuminated. The temperature increase and the piston effect, produced during the development of the photoacoustic effect, cause the sound wave generation in the atmosphere that surrounds the sample when the F -centers absorb light. Using this model, the temperature increase value for a KCl sample and the displacement of the faces of the crystal during the process for the following crystals: KCl, KBr, KI and NaCl, have been determined.


Wind, a major alternative source of energy, provides dynamic output due to frequent weather changes, which introduces one of the biggest challenges in integrating it with the existing power system. Commercial wind power forecasters vary in their prediction accuracies both across the wind farms and for different time periods within a farm. Therefore, wind power generators (WPGs) employ multiple such forecasters and heuristically choose day-ahead-prediction from one of them (baseline model). In this work, we combine multiple forecasters to generate a superforecast for the day-ahead-prediction which is, expected to be better than individual forecasters in terms of penalty - the cost a WPG has to pay for inaccurate predictions. Performance evaluation using 6 months of SCADA and forecaster data, from a WPG, of a wind farm located in India, shows that superforecast reduced the penalty by 7% and 13% when compared with the least penalised forecaster for each month and the baseline model.


Traditional methods of projecting age-specific migration for local areas are based on inflexible migration patterns. Ideally, forecast results should be isomorphic with the intent of the forecaster, so flexible models are called for. To this end, a parameterized model that incorporates directional flows is presented along with a theoretical scheme for its operation. It is asserted that the new model provides much of the needed flexibility, but at the cost of added complexity.


Calcination shrinkage is an essential factor in the evaluation of a gypsum‐bonded mold. Typically, if traditional fillers are used in a gypsum‐bonded mold, it is difficult to maintain sufficient strength due to the high dosages of fillers. Herein, a new filler system of gypsum, boehmite, is proposed to more efficiently compensate for shrinkage, while minimizing the impact on the strength. The effects of the fillers on the calcination shrinkages and mechanical properties of the gypsum‐bonded molds are studied. The phase transition and thermal expansion behaviors of the gypsum‐bonded molds are tested by thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) and a thermal dilatometer. The microstructures of the fillers and gypsum‐bonded molds are characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the dosage of boehmite for near‐zero shrinkage is reduced to about 35 wt%, with the bending strength of the gypsum‐bonded mold remaining above 2 MPa throughout the whole calcination process. The mechanism of calcination expansion is revealed and ultimately attributed to the splitting of boehmite particles. This research provides a novel gypsum‐bonded mold for required high dimensional and mechanical properties, elevating the ability to form complex structures.


The formation of double and triple C-C bonds from the processing of pure c-C6H12 (cyclohexane) and mixed H2O:NH3:c-C6H12 (1:0.3:0.7) ices by highly-charged, and energetic ions (219 MeV O^{7+} and 632 MeV Ni^{24+}) is studied. The experiments simulate the physical chemistry induced by medium-mass and heavy-ion cosmic rays in interstellar ices analogs. The measurements were performed inside a high vacuum chamber at the heavy-ion accelerator GANIL (Grand Accel\'erat\'eur National d'Ions Lourds) in Caen, France. The gas samples were deposited onto a polished CsI substrate previously cooled to 13 K. In-situ analysis was performed by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry at different ion fluences. Dissociation cross section of cyclohexane and its half-life in astrophysical environments were determined. A comparison between spectra of bombarded ices and young stellar sources indicates that the initial composition of grains in theses environments should contain a mixture of H2O, NH3, CO (or CO2), simple alkanes, and CH3OH. Several species containing double or triple bounds were identified in the radiochemical products, such as hexene, cyclohexene, benzene, OCN-, CO, CO2, as well as several aliphatic and aromatic alkenes and alkynes. The results suggest an alternative scenario for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons and possibly aromatic rings (via dehydrogenation processes) in interstellar ices induced by cosmic ray bombardment.


Synovial chondromatosis is a metaplastic condition that involves articular or tendon sheath synovial membranes in which multiple nodules composed of cartilage are produced.1 It can be found in the extra-articular bursae, such as the subacromial bursa,5 but few cases of this type have been reported. We present 2 cases of synovial osteochondromatosis of the subacromial bursa, which include a long history of heavy lifting. These patients also had spurs of the acromion and incomplete bursal-side rotator cuff tears on the affected shoulders. CASE 1 A 54-year-old male printer suffered progressive pain in his right shoulder (dominant side) in the elevated position for 3 years. He had lifted heavy printed material in an overhead position repetitively during his routine work for more than 30 years. He had no history of trauma around the shoulder. The pain was also present at rest, and it dis


This article makes a review of the studies of the childbearing culture since the 1990s. Firstly, it analyzes why there are some confusions on the concept of the childbearing culture. It is important to differentiate "the Big Tradition and the Little Tradition" and to differentiate "the Obvious Culture and the Hidden Culture". Secondly, the content of traditional childbearing culture is so vague that it can't be the starting point of a strict scientific study. More attention should be paid to the fields work and study the childbearing culture more specifically and more quantitatively. Thirdly, there have been many splendid works on the new style childbearing culture. Yet most of these studies are transverse section studies lacking historical analysis of social change and therefore lack of interpretation of the reality. Up to now, the few studies can interpret the change mechanism of childbearing culture.


This article presents data that describes the changing public attitudes towards the Norwegian alcohol monopoly during its whole existence starting from 1922. The description of the change in attitudes up to the first decades after World War II is solely based on results from local referendums, which were very common in Norway until 1989 when the right to claim such referendums was rescinded from the Alcohol Act. For the years from 1962 onwards survey data are also available, and the results in the article are mainly based on such data. It is shown that attitudes were quite favourable towards restrictive alcohol policy, and relatively stable, up to the early 1950s. From then on public attitudes towards alcohol policy measures have become gradually more liberal. Especially the attitudes towards the alcohol monopoly as a system have changed during the 1990s, and a growing majority seems at present to be in favour of privatising the sale of wine. It is argued that some of the change is a result of the new possibilities, and the more challenging argumentation, that was brought up during the EU debate in 1993–1994. So far there is no sign of a turning point in the liberal trend in popular attitudes.


Duloxetine (Cymbalta), a dual-action serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), selectively affects serotonin, norepinephrine, and, to a lesser degree, dopamine neurotransmitters to achieve antidepressant efficacy (Drake, Lu, Goldsteing, Hayes, & Demitrack, 2002). Duloxetine also is indicated for diabetic neuropathic pain, and has shown significant reduction of nighttime burning sensations common with peripheral neuropathy when titrated to 120 mg/day (Brannan, Mallinckrodt, Detke, Watkin, & Tollefson, 2005). Although clinical head-to-head studies have not established duloxetine as superior to other antidepressants, certain advantages support its use as a first-line antidepressant choice when somatic symptoms of pain are present at the outset of treatment (Goldstein, Lu, Detke, Wiltse, Mallinckrodt, & Demitrack, 2004; Wohlreich & Watkin, 2003). With its synergistic multiple neurotransmitter mechanisms, duloxetine's efficacy increases the potential of therapeutic response when depressive symptoms persist despite text use of a single action agent, or if neuropathic pain secondary to diabetes is present (Brannan et al. 2005). Initiating treatment for severe depression with a single dual-action agent like duloxetine rather than using two single-action agents, such as adding buproprion (Wellbutrin) to escitalopram (Lexapro), may improve medication compliance due to convenience, simplified dosing, and costeffectiveness for the patient. Duloxetine may have a therapeutic advantage over venlafaxine (Effexor), another available SNRI antidepressant, as it can be titrated more rapidly to its 40–60 mg/day therapeutic dose (Stahl, 2004). Patients potentially benefit from duloxetine's dual-action within a week (when dosed at 40–60 mg/day), as compared to the slower titration needed for venlafaxine (Hudson, Wolreich, Kajdasz, Mallinckrodt, Watkin, & Martynov, 2005). To obtain the dual action benefit of venlafaxine, dose increases above 225 mg/day are necessary; however, to improve tolerability, venlafaxine is typically increased by 37.5–75 mg every four days to a target of at least 225 mg/day. When dosed below 225 mg/day, venlafaxine acts solely on serontonin, and patients do not benefit from its


ABSTRACT The medical model of disability has been much criticised in recent years and the traditional power of the doctor to diagnose, direct practice and provide services is now being challenged. Paediatricians have been accused of making crude assessments of potential ability in children, damaging the quality of family life in the process. Yet, the Cleveland affair admits ambiguities in the public perception of paediatricians. Are they to be advocates for their vulnerable clients or partners of parents? Can they be both? Medical attitudes arise from the political and social culture in which practitioners are learning and operating. In this paper one paediatrician shares his reflections on a 42-year career, during which period medical, social and economic changes were to radically alter his practice and perceptions.


The specificity of self-organization of students in the conditions of online learning is determined: the average level of analysis of contradictions, correction, criterion for assessing quality, persistence, orientation to the present, awareness of life goals, attitude to life, planning, orderliness, decision-making, forecasting, self-control, self-organization, self-organization of activities , structured free time, fixation, goal-setting; average level with a tendency to above average level of self-government ability; above average level of analysis of the situation, volitional efforts, self-organization, purposefulness


A new Trichomycterus is described from a highland tributary of the rio Meta (Orinoco basin), along the east flank of Paramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. The new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by having a reduced posterior cranial fontanel, restricted to the parieto-supraoccipital, cleithrum pierced by several foramina, and an unique combination of four irregular rows of conic teeth in premaxilla and dentary, 13-14 opercular odontodes, 41-43 interopercular odontodes, 6-7 branchiostegal rays, 40 or 41 free vertebrae, 14-18 ribs, first ray of pectoral fin slightly projected as a short filament, 7-8 branched pectoral-fin rays, dorsal-fin origin at same level of pelvic-fin insertion, anal-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin base, caudal-fin margin slightly rounded, a single upper hypural plate (3+4+5), and coloration pattern consisting in ground color dark brown with a thin mid-lateral dark stripe. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species based on the shared presence of derived features related to posterior cranial fontanel and cleithrum are discussed. The new species is also compared to the only two described species from Andean tributaries of rio Orinoco basin.


The crude oil prices (WTI futures) has been in an uptrend and has recorded the highest in a row in the first half of March 2008 hitting $111 per barrel in 13th March. It shows about $23 rise in the last one month. In this period, OPEC decided that it maintain the production ceiling. However, it is considered that this rapid rise in the oil prices is caused mainly by the inflow of funds into the oil market and the sharp decline of the dollar, etc. These factors are side-effects of actions for the financial crisis caused by the subprime lending problem, and hard to be resolved radically in the short term. For the time being, the trend in the financial market may affect the oil prices significantly. It, however, seems that expectation of the market is not in a complete bullish position if we look at the analysis of probability distribution of future prices estimated by option premium. Such expectation of the market is due to resurgence of actual demand decline brought about by recession and concern about too rapid price rise.


The Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed propagation,cutting propagation and tissue culture and rapid propagation technology reported currently were introduced.Analyzed several key technical problems that existed in propagation technical solutions and proposed the future research on the Xanthoceras sorbifolia.


The communication principle and how to realize the are commnunication are demonstrated,and the method to program between PLC and the computer is offered by S7-200 PLC.


Respiration patterns, water loss and heart activity were investigated during the first three months of diapause in non-acclimated pupae of Pieris brassicae. To observe and record diverse events during pupal diapause, a complex apparatus was used: a micro-calorimeter, an electrolytic respirometer, a fibre-optical oxygen sensor, a flow-through respirometer (infrared gas analyzer), an infra-red actograph and a thermocouple cardiograph. Most of the pupae (about 80%) reared in 2004 were characterised as long-cycle individuals whose discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGCs) were very regular and lasted 26 hours on average. The remainder of the pupae studied were short-cycle individuals displaying irregular DGCs lasting less than 2 hours. Standard metabolic rates (SMR) measured during the first month of diapause between long- and short-cycle pupae did no differ significantly, being about 0.018 ml O2 g -1 h -1 . At the same time, water loss rate (WLR) in long- and short-cycle pupae differed significantly, being 1.07 and 1.61 mg g -1 day -1 , respectively. During the first three months of diapause, the values of SMR and WLR did not change significally in the long-cycle pupae. In the short-cycle individuals, SMR and WLR thereupon increased gradually during the months, but the values of SMR never reached the levels characteristic of pharate adult development. The heartbeat reversal was characteristic for both the long- and short-cycle individuals but heart pauses in the first pupal group were regular, lasting 20-30 min, whereas in the second group the heart pauses were shorter and irregular. From the results we concluded that the intensity of pupal diapause varied individually despite the apparently similar developmental conditions of the individuals, however, some hidden factors were obviously involved in diapause induction. The primary cause of the enhanced water loss in the short-cycle pupae was obviously the disturbing of the water conserving mechanisms due to the irregular gas exchange.


The purpose o f t h i s study was to determ ine w hether th e re were s ig n i f ic a n t d iffe re n c e s among s tu d en ts e n ro lle d in th re e O ffice A d m in istra tio n c u r r ic u la w ith re fe re n c e to c e r ta in s e le c te d fa c to rs a sso c ia te d w ith o ccu p a tio n a l cho ice making. Those f a c to rs were t r e a te d in th is study to f in d o u t w hether they a f fe c te d s tu d e n ts ' ed u ca tio n a l d e c is io n s . The f a c to rs were: achievem ent, E nglish sc o re , age, m a r ita l s ta tu s , ra c e , m ajor source o f funds fo r ed u ca tio n , number o f u n i ts acquired in h igh school B usiness and O ffice A d m in istra tio n s u b je c ts , p rev ious work ex p e rien ce , fu tu re p la n s , s iz e o f g rad u a tin g c la s s , p a re n ts ' ed u ca tio n a l l e v e l , p a re n ts ' occu p a tio n a l le v e l , and s tu d e n ts ' s ta tu s a t th e end of the f i r s t sem ester. Data used in t h i s study were ob ta ined by means o f a q u e s tio n n a ire and permanent school re c o rd s . The q u es tio n n a ire was ad m in iste red to a l l f i r s t s e m e s te r , f i r s t t i m e freshmen s tu d en ts who were e n ro lle d in the th re e O ffice A d m in istra tio n c u r r ic u la a t th e U n iv e rs ity o f Southw estern L o u isiana , L a fa y e tte , L o u is ian a , during the f a l l school term 1974-75. F orty s tu d e n ts had s e le c te d The S e c re ta ry , One-Year Program, C e r t i f ic a te ; f o r ty s ix had s e le c te d The S e c re ta ry , Ttoro-Year Program, A ssocia te Degree; tw en ty -e ig h t had s e le c te d The E xecutive S e c re ta ry , B achelor o f Science in B usiness A d m in istra tio n . The _t t e s t was used fo r determ ining the s ig n if ic a n c e of d if fe re n c e between means of th e th re e groups on achievement and E nglish s c o re s . Hie c h i-sq u a re procedure was used fo r t e s t in g the s ig n if ic a n c e of d iffe re n c e among th e th re e groups in ana ly z in g the o th e r v a r ia b le s . S ig n if ic a n t d if fe re n c e s were found between th e groups fo r the fo llow ing f a c to rs : achievem ent, age, ra c e , m ajor source o f funds fo r ed u ca tio n , and fu tu re p lans based on job a s p ir a t io n . The r e s u l t s o f the study seem to support the fo llow ing co n c lu s io n s : 1. The c u r r ic u la in which the s tu d e n ts e n ro lle d were g e n e ra lly com patib le w ith th e i r job a s p ir a t io n s . The longer th e program, the h ig h e r th e percen tage of th e s tu d e n ts a s p ir in g to the h ig h e s t s e c r e t a r i a l p o s it io n . 2. There was a s ig n i f ic a n t in v e rse r e la t io n s h ip between the cu rricu lum chosen and achievem ent. The s tu d e n ts o f h ig h e r achievem ent were e n ro lle d in the s h o r te r programs which h e re to fo re have been con sid e red th e e a s ie r program s. The lower ach iev ing s tu d e n ts were in c lin e d to choose the longer and more d i f f i c u l t cu rricu lu m . 3. The o ld e r and more m ature g i r l tended to choose th e Oneo r Two-Year Program. The m a jo r ity of th e fa m ilie s o f th e s tu d e n ts in th e two s h o r te r programs were f in an c in g th e i r c h i ld r e n 's ed u ca tio n . S tudents appeared to choose th e len g th o f program p ro p o rtio n a te w ith the fa m ily 's a b i l i t y to fin an ce i t . This d id no t hold tru e fo r th e s tu d e n ts in the Four-Year Program. The p a re n ts o f le s s than o n e -h a lf of th e s tu d en ts in th e Four-Year Program were f in an c in g th e i r c h i ld r e n 's ed u ca tio n . The lack o f fam ily re so u rces d id no t p reven t th e 46 p e rc e n t who marked "O ther" as th e main source of fin an ces from e n ro l l in g in th e program o f t h e i r ch o ice . A ll in d ic a te d they were re c e iv in g a s s is ta n c e from


In Christian Critics: Religion and the Impasse in Modern American Social Thought, Eugene McCarraher has produced a widely researched, detailed, and scholarly survey of liberal Catholic and Protestant criticism of American culture and political economy in the first seventy-five years of the twentieth century. Intellectual historians will find his interpretations thought-provoking, challenging, and controversial, and all will find the book informative.


The convergence is one of hot issues in economic growth theories, and mechanisms of regional economic convergence have received attention of researchers. In this paper we use R&D efficiency to study the mechanism of technology driving economic convergence. We find: whether from the angle of convergence or from dynamic evolution of kernel density distribution, R&D efficiency diverges from the year 1999 to 2001, while converges from 2001 to 2009, GDP per labor diverges from 2000 to 2002, and converges from 2002 to 2010. The convergence of GDP per labor lags one period relative to R&D marginal productivity. That confirms that R&D efficiency drives the convergence of GDP per labor. We also find there are some other convergence mechanisms playing roles in China.


Genomic epidemiology seeks to better understand the transmission dynamics of infectious pathogens using molecular sequence data. Phylodynamic methods have given genomic epidemiology new power to track the transmission dynamics of pathogens by combining phylogenetic analyses with epidemiological modeling. In recent year, applications of phylodynamics to chronic viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis C virus (HVC) have provided some of the best examples of how phylodynamic inference can provide valuable insights into transmission dynamics within and between different subpopulations or risk groups, allowing for more targeted interventions.


Embryo transfer (ET) has been served as an indispensible technique in laboratory animals and biomedical research. Using the cold surgical technique (CST) is the most common practice to accomplish ET. Using CST in laboratory animals can lead to uncontrolled bleeding and animal mortality. Therefore, the second embryo transfer becomes impossible. Using electrosurgery technique (EST) has provided the opportunity to prevent uncontrolled bleeding during the surgical practice. This study was aimed to evaluate CST vs. EST in terms of repeated use of surrogate mothers, litter size, implantation rate, and post-surgical behavior. Virgin female NMRI mice (age 8-17 wk) were allocated into two different surgical groups (n=40); 1) CST-ET (control), and 2) EST-ET. Following the weaning of the first litter, the second ET and following the weaning of the second litter, the third ET was performed to the same oviduct. Results showed that the first ET in EST-ET and CST-ET group did not affect litter size (9.1±2.9 and 9.3±3.1), pregnancy rate (95.7 and 94.5%), and survival of surrogate mothers (100 and 85%). Following the second and the third embryo transfers, CST affect significantly on litter size compare to electrosurgery (4.1±1.2 and 9.2±3.2; 2.2±1.1 and 4.2±1.2), pregnancy rate (71.1 and 95.2%; 20.1 and 45.2%), and survival of surrogate mothers (65 and 100%; 20 and 60%). Litter size, pregnancy rate, and surrogate mothers survival rate have not shown any significant reduction following the first and the second ET in EST groups. On the other hand, the third embryo transfer showed dramatic reduction for all


In various fields, observations are curves over some natural time interval. These curves often arise from finely spaced measurements (e.g., in physical sciences and finance) or from smoothing unequally spaced sparse measurements. Recent years have seen the development of tools for analyzing such data in the growing field of functional data analysis. To validate the assumptions underlying these tools, it is important to verify that the functional observations form a simple random sample. If the curves form a (functional) time series, then model validation typically relies on checking whether model residuals are independent and identically distributed. We propose a test for independence and identical distribution of functional observations. To reduce dimension, curves are projected on the most important functional principal components, then a test statistic based on lagged cross-covariances of the resulting vectors is constructed. We show that this dimension-reduction step introduces asymptotically negligible terms; that is, the projections behave asymptotically as iid vector–valued observations. A complete asymptotic theory based on correlations of random matrices, functional principal component expansions, and Hilbert space techniques is developed. The test statistic has a chi-squared asymptotic null distribution and can be readily computed using the R package fda. The test has good empirical size and power, which in our simulations and examples is not affected by the choice of the functional basis. Its application is illustrated on two data sets: credit card sales activity and geomagnetic records.


Item contains two files: 1) Juniper Ridge Urban Renewal Plan. 34 pp. Includes map; 2) Juniper Urban Renewal Report. 30 pp. Bookmarks supplied by UO. Published August 29, 2005. Captured June 15, 2006.


[Objective] To analyse the clinical features and the results of sensitive test against antibiotics of paratyphoid A. [Methods] 413 cases of paratyphoid A were studied by retrospective analysis. [Results] Paratyphoid A was epidemic obviously in summer and autumn in the local area. The symptoms were fever (100%), headache(98.5%), pharynx pain(30.75%), cough (23.5%), spleen enlargement(78%) and no eosinophil in blood(98.75%).The results of drug reactive tests showed that the drug rate of the bacteria against Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Tobramycin and Gentamycin was more than 60%. [Conclusion] Paratyphoid A was occasional epidemic in the last years in our city, and the patient with the disease had no typical symptoms. The obvious symptoms were fever, headache, pharynx pain, cough, spleen enlargement and no eosinophil in blood. The highly drug resistance rate of appeared that it was the most resistive rate of the quinolones to paratyphoid A was observed.


ABSTRACT This paper provides an analysis of life-cycle assessment (LCA) of Jatropha biodiesel with a view to outline the environmental quality norms of Jatropha biodiesel. The underlying issue is that biofuels need to mitigate the effects of climate change and provide sustainable energy alternatives to fossil fuels. Thus, there is need for empirical evidence on the sustainability of Jatropha biodiesel in order to inform both biofuels policies and development of options for technical intervention to improve the environmental footprint of Jatropha biodiesel. Ten LCAs of Jatropha biodiesel are analyzed in this paper. The paper considers impact categories, which include energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) balance, land-use impact, acidification, and eutrophication. The general trend emerging from this analysis is that although Jatropha biodiesel has positive energy and GHG balances, there are site-specific variances and numerous opportunities for improvement.


We propose to consider nonlinear fluctuations in the theory of liquid ${}^{4}$He deforming the commutation relations between the generalized coordinates and momenta. The generalized coordinates are the coefficients of the density fluctuations of the Bose particles. The deformation parameter takes into account effects of three- and four-particle correlations in the behavior of the system. This parameter is defined from the experimental values of the elementary excitation spectrum and the structure factor extrapolated to $T=0$ K. The numerical estimation of the ground state energy and the Bose condensate fraction is made. The elementary excitation spectrum and the potential of interaction between the helium atoms are recovered.


Abstract Bis(triethoxysilylethyltolylene)polysulfide offers greater scorch safety and reduced odor compared to mercaptosilanes, though its high molecular weight may require up to three times the mercaptosilane loading on a weight basis. This is highly dependent on the rubber formulation. The polysulfidedisilane can be made into stable dispersions on calcium silicate at concentrations up to 70 percent. Order-of-addition recommendations for the polysulfidedisilane are the same as those for mercaptosilanes. Different mix procedures should be checked for each formulation to ensure maximum silane effectiveness.


A building design team is usually composed by different professionals who have specialized skills, coupled with varying altitudes, behaviors, interests and views of life. Under normal circumstances, most building design teams include but not limited to architects, quantity surveyors and engineers (i.e. services/MEP engineers, structural engineers and civil engineers). There is a sense that, conflicts are inevitable within the design team. This paper analyses causes of conflicts within design teams in building projects in Tanzania. The study employed descriptive research design to analyse data. Questionnaire survey was the main data collection tool adopted. Results showed a number of reasons for occurrence of conflicts within design team members, varying from one project to another. Causes also depended on contractual relationship existing between design team members. These causes were analyzed in order to determine major, moderate and minor causes whereby causes could be further categorized into contractual, behavioral and technical causes. The paper recommended compliance to professional practice, improve appropriate communication system and coordination.


With that in mind, the authors of this paper have undertaken an examination of the size of winning coalitions in the Texas legislative sessions of the 1960s. We have attempted to relate the patterns uncovered to the nature of the particular sessions studied; to the type of issues being voted upon; and, by inference, to the kind of payoff legislators were likely to derive from resolving the issues at hand.


We give an efficient algorithm that, given a graph G and a partition V1, . . . , Vm of its vertex set, finds either an independent transversal (an independent set {v1, . . . , vm} in G such that vi ∈ Vi for each i), or a subset B of vertex classes such that the subgraph of G induced by


This article applies the VAR model to analyze the dynamic relationship between the higher education development and economic growth of Guangxi.The results show that economic growth is the Granger cause of higher education development,and higher education development is not the Granger cause of economic growth.From the long term,there is equilibrium and bidirectional promoting effect relationship between them.However,higher education development contributes more to economic growth than economic growth to higher education development.Therefore government should adopt relevant measures for the coordination and sustainable development of higher education and economic growth.


This paper realizes the automatic generation system of reversing operation ticket which aiming at the problem of insufficient flexibility and intelligence by expert system technology. By analyzing the characteristics of the power system, the knowledge base and the inference engine which constitute the operation ticket expert system are studied separately to design a knowledge base with a more concise knowledge representation. The Rete algorithm was used in the study of reasoning mechanism, and the design of the operation ticket expert system was completed finally.


Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is one of the most controversial compression (vascular and neurogenic) syndromes both due to the fact it is difficult to diagnose and because of the lack of generally accepted standard procedures. It is estimated that this condition occurs in 10 out of 100 000 people, while clinical examinations reveal that arterial symptoms are more common than neurogenic ones. This work presents a pathogenesis of the functional type of the syndrome with regard to contemporary studies analysing the effects of currently applied forms of conservative treatment. The study presents arguments concerning the significance of proper diagnosis which makes it possible to individualise the therapy according to current trends in rehabilitation mentioned in the available literature and resulting from the authors' own experience. arterial-neurogenic compression syndrome, TOS, thorax, rehabilitation, conservative treatment, fascia email: email@example.com Słowa kluczowe:


Taken together, the ascendancy of community care and the dominant role of the state as a funder of services have meant that private sector residential care for people with mental health problems is now a rarity in most countries. Yet private asylums have persisted in some places. The authors propose an analytical framework for understanding such 'institutional survivals'. This framework problematises the public—private and community—asylum boundaries that have hitherto been taken for granted. The framework is applied to case studies in Canada and New Zealand. Survival of these institutions is found to be centrally associated with accommodations with legislative environments, proactive innovation, and the availability of markets.