New Zealand is an urban society with 85% of its population in urban areas. There is a need to develop a common understanding of how to maintain or improve the ecological, social and economic conditions of urban areas for the wellbeing of both present and future generations. This occurs through investment, political and personal decisions which influence the development of the cities and towns. This process is referred to as urban sustainability. This annotated bibliography on urban sustainability is presented in five sections. The first section, Sustainable Development, provides the necessary background for developing and operationalising a concept of urban sustainability. The second section, Focus on the Urban Overview, provides an overview of urban sustainability. These references take a holistic approach to sustainable urban settlements. The third section, Measuring Progress (Information & Monitoring), is included because of the importance of identifying suitable indicators to measure progress towards sustainable management of urban areas. The fourth section, Case Studies, deals with practical examples and the final section, Issues of Urban Sustainability, focuses on the sustainable management of particular aspects of the urban environment.


Atmosphere bioaerosols was always closely linked with the health of human beings and flora and fauna, however, recent studies suggested that the bio-aerosols may impact the environment and climate change directly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) and/or ice nucleation(IN). Unfortunately, there was still little knowledge about the composition of microbial community of the biological ice nucleis in the precipitation, especially, in China mainland. At present study, the precipitation samplers were taken from the Beijing city area. The sampling was carried out in different months in 2011 and 2012. The bacterial diversity was analyzed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing based approaches. Seven clone libraries were established resulting from the different rain-water sampling months. The results indicated that Proteobacteria(75.6%~100%) were dominant in the precipitation including Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria,and Gammaproteobacteria. While other bacterial communities such as Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Cyanobacteria, Nitrospira and Firmicutes were involved as well. Furthermore, a small proportion of undetermined bacteria(TM7, 1.2%~7.2%) were also found. In addition, microbial diversity in the snow water samplers was obviously much more than that in the rain-water samplers, which suggested that some biological ice nuclei may present and influence in the formation of precipitation. Moreover, results showed that Pseudomonas, in which some strains with high effective ice nucleation activity, was also found in the samplers. Therefore, further concerns should be done for the climatic effect of these microbes.


: In recent years , upconversion emission of rare earth nanocrystals , which can convert near - infrared light to short - wavelength visible or near - infrared one , has attracted extensive attention from researchers in the fields of bio⁃ logical imaging , nanothermometer , solar cells , and so on. For multi - field applications , upconversion emission of rare earth nanocrystals needs to improve the luminescent intensity , luminescent wavelength selectivity , and excita⁃ tion wavelength. In this paper , we briefly review the research progress in improving the color , luminescence intensi⁃ ty , and luminescence lifetime of upconversion emission on the basis of understanding the energy transfer pathway and upconversion emission process through the design of composition , structure and core - shell structure at the nanoscale. In addition , the coupling between nanocrystals and precious metal surface electromagnetic fields , surface organic molecules and ambient temperature is also concerned. The research trend of increasing the intensity of rare earth up⁃ conversion luminescence in terms of increasing radiation transition probability and reducing non - radiation quenching is also mentioned.


The majority of the single-family houses in Sweden are affected by deteriorations in building envelopes as well as heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. These dwellings are, therefore, in need of extensive renovation, which provides an excellent opportunity to install renewable energy supply systems to reduce the total energy consumption. The high investment costs of the renewable energy supply systems were previously distinguished as the main barrier in the installation of these systems in Sweden. House-owners should, therefore, compare the profitability of the energy supply systems and select the one, which will allow them to reduce their operational costs. This study analyses the profitability of a ground source heat pump, photovoltaic solar panels and an integrated ground source heat pump with a photovoltaic system, as three energy supply systems for a single-family house in Sweden. The profitability of the supply systems was analysed by calculating the payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) for these systems. Three different energy prices, three different interest rates, and two different lifespans were considered when calculating the IRR and PBP. In addition, the profitability of the supply systems was analysed for four Swedish climate zones. The analyses of results show that the ground source heat pump system was the most profitable energy supply system since it provided a short PBP and high IRR in all climate zones when compared with the other energy supply systems. Additionally, results show that increasing the energy price improved the profitability of the supply systems in all climate zones.


The forest area of Vrancea is characterized by high levels of the main destabilizing factors in maintaining ecological balance, conservation and sustainable development of forests. Irrational logging from the past, without taking into account the specific conditions of Vrancea (friable bedrock, high energy relief, large amount of rainfall at certain times of year, high degree of seismicity, dense hydrological network, landscape fragmentation, etc.), have resulted in negative amplification of erosion and massive landslides, requiring special human efforts and large volume of materials to restore forest ecosystems, some areas remaining today as evidence of aggressive intervention on forests. In the specific area of Vrancea mountains, in operating logging activities is necessary to adopt the most appropriate technologies (environmental technologies) to cause the lowest damage to soil, seedlings, remaining standing trees and provide health and stability to the future stands, the pillar in environmental protection. Reintroduction of cableways for collecting wood in the mountains of Vrancea difficult to reach is required because they show many advantages in conservation and sustainable development of existing trees. Ecological logging in inaccessible mountain regions of Vrancea is absolutely necessary and required to maintain consistent and multifunctional forests and ecological balance on the eastern side of the southernmost parts of Eastern Carpathians.


Abstract First, the following rate constants (in dm3 mol-1 s-1 ) were reported: k(eaq-+ C2H5OH) = (1.2 ± 0.3) x 103, k(H + C2H5OH) = (2.8 ± 0.2) x 107 and k(OH + C 2H5OH) = (1.85 + 0.1) x 109 The major radiolytic products resulting from aqueous 10-2, 1 and 10 mol dm-3 ethanol were studied in the absence and presence of CO as a function of dose at pH 2 and 7. Probable reaction mechanisms are presented


Recently there has been remarkable progress in synthesizing realistic human action videos by directly learning to translate pose heatmaps/stick figures to video frames in an end-to-end fashion. However, such models are not suitable for fashion-related applications that typically require flexible manipulations of visual attributes, such as the color of clothes. In this paper, we propose a disentangled human video generation framework conditioned on both the pose sequence and encoded color attributes. We aim to learn an encoder that captures the manifold structure of latent color space and a generator that fully utilizes the encoded color attributes to produce diversely-colored human action videos. To this end, we design a two-stage decoupled learning approach that uses a pre-trained color-aware encoder to guide the disentangled learning of the generator. Furthermore, a color augmentation approach is applied on raw video clips to better shape the distribution of samples in the latent color space. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed methods.


In this paper a general model is created for measuring the performance of Technology and Innovation Management (TIM) related to the crucial dimensions/elements of the Triple Helix (TH) model. More precisely, the Triple Helix Model (high education – government industry) is analysed in relation to its fulfilling the three main functions of TIM: planning, organizing and control (POC). The general model – TMDTH (Technology Management and Development – Triple Helix) represents the framework for further more specific research into the relations of the observed dimensions. The general model is further divided into sub-models: TMD-G, TMD-U and TMD-I, where G stands for government, U stands for university and I denotes industry. The sub-models are to be investigated in more detail and the research results will be presented in separate papers. In the general model, the performance of each TH dimension is to be monitored by a set of indicators classified into categories according to the specific management function (POC) of TIM. The general model enables better systematisation of the indicators of TIM with links established with the main roles of the actors in the TH model. When applied in concrete situations in practice, at the level of national economy, the results obtained represent a base for developing policies and strategy that will be oriented at introducing change in the domains of highest priority in the aim of achieving more efficient and effective results in sustainable development.


The division into two sexes is probably only an evolutionary device to prevent self-fertilization (only one of many possible devices, but one of the most widely used) and its importance can be exaggerated. We are conditioned to exaggerate it, and we emphasise it by external additions of clothing, behaviour and the like. The anatomical differences between a man and a woman are not much more than those between a male and a female rabbit, and who except another rabbit finds these easy to detect?


The purpose of the research in the study was to study the development of learning discovery-based pocket book media on students' mathematical understanding abilities. The research methodology used is the method of research and development (R & D). Based on the results of development, research, and discussion, it can be concluded that the development of learning discovery-based pocket book media on mathematical understanding skills reaches a level of validity with excellent categories and achieves practicality with very practical criteria


Objective: To observe the change of salivary flow rate and pH after chewing xylitol gum in fixed appliance.Methods:Salivary flow rate and pH were measured before and after chewing gum in 40 patients with fixed appliance.Results:Salivary flow rate and pH were increased significantly after chewing xylitol gum,excpt of the increasing of pH There's no significant difference at 0~1minutes after chewing xylitol gum.Conclusion:Chewing xylitol gum would help for preventing and treating enamel demineralization with fixed appliance.


The spin polarization for PEP has been estimated before by using simplified models. 1 , 2 The main difficulty in the previous estimates is that the strength of depolarization effects caused by various electro magnetic field errors could not be specified accurately. To overcome this difficulty, a matrix formalism for depolarization calculation was developed recently. One basic ingredient of this theory is to repre sent an electron by an 8-dimensional state vector, X = (x,x',y,y',z,6, a,6) where the first six coordinates are the usual transverse and longi tudinal canonical coordinates, while a and 6 are the two components of the electron's spin vector perpendicular to the equilibrium direction of polarization n. The degree of depolarization 1s specified by s(a +e ) The state vector X will be transformed by an 8x8 matrix as the electron passes through a beam-line element such as a bending magnet or an rf cavity. From any position s, one multiplies successively the 8x8 matrices around one revolution of the storage ring to obtain the total transformation T(s). Any impulse perturbation AX to the electron's state vector occurring at s will be transformed repeatedly by T(s) as the electron circulates around the storage ring. Another basic ingre dient of Ref. 3 is to decompose AX into 8 eigenstate components with eigenvectors determined from T(s). Six of these eigenstate components corresponding to the space states wfll be damped out by the usual radia tion damping.* The projections of AX onto the remaining two spin eigenstates are directly related to the loss of polarization due to the im pulse perturbation AX. Depolarization effects can thus be calculated directly once all perturbations are specified. The matrix method developed in Ref.3 is applied to PEP in this note. Two types of depolarization mechanisms are considered:


Tau leptons will play an important role in the physics progra m t the LHC. They will not only be used in electroweak measurements and in detector related studies like the determination of the Emiss T scale, but also in searches for new phenomena like the Higgs b oson or Supersymmetry. Due to the overwhelming background from QCD processes, highly e ffici nt algorithms are essential to identify hadronically decaying tau leptons. This can be a chieved using modern multivariate techniques which make optimal use of all the information ava il ble. They are particularly useful in case the discriminating variables are not independent an d no single variable provides good signal and background separation. In ATLAS four algorithms ba ed on multivariate techniques have been applied to identify hadronically decaying tau lep tons: Projective Likelihood Estimator (LL), Probability Density Estimator with Range Searches (P DE-RS), Neural Network (NN) and Boosted Decision Trees (BDT). All four multivariate method s applied to the ATLAS simulated data have similar performance, which is significantly bette r than the baseline cut analysis.


A technique of irrigation and bubble with saline and air through the upper lacrimal passages into the lacrimal sac is described for localizing and identifying the internal common punctum. The method requires no special equipment. It helps the surgeon avoid operative trauma to the punctum, and enables its placement in the center of the bony window during the dacryocystorhinostomy so that failure will be less likely to occur.


This paper describes an algorithm for hierarchical shape classification based on multiresolution skeletons, and its application to the detection and identification of objects in noisy, cluttered imagery. A pyramid of stored two dimensional templates is employed to identify the object class, its location and spatial orientation. The skeleton of the object is selected for shape representation in this paper since it is a good 2D shape descriptor and relatively robust. The morphologically computed skeleton is an implementation of the medial axis transform. A real- time recognition scheme based on Borgefors' chamfer matching technique is presented which employs multiresolution top-down matching of object medial axis skeletons in a 4:1 pyramid. The proliferation of candidate points at higher resolution is controlled with a clustering scheme. In order to permit small and simply shaped objects to be discriminated from large, complex objects whose skeletons are supersets, we introduce negative match weight scores on the subset of the polygon discriminating the two templates. Results with training sets of noisy and cluttered images are presented. This scheme is shown to be capable of real-time detection and characterization of targets with good reliability in a test scenario.


Providing even if there is provided a light emitting diode drive circuit input voltage is lower than the predetermined value can be reliably extinguished and the LED light source LED. A method for the LED (2) for driving the light emitting diode circuit (1) is illuminated, comprising: an inverter (20) having an output for driving the LED (2) electric power; and inverter control circuit ( the inverter 30) for controlling the inverter (20) operation, wherein the inverter control circuit (30) at the DC voltage input to the inverter control circuit (30) is lower than the predetermined value the actuator (20) is stopped.


Mixture models are popular statistical approaches for image segmentation. However, mixture models based segmentation faces some difficulties. The first problem is the estimation of the number of clusters (M). Secondly, the spatial information is generally not considered. In this paper, we have used two methods to counter these issues. The first method uses spatial information as the prior knowledge of M. This prior knowledge does not give the direct value of M instead it provides some indirect information which can be used to estimate the optimal value of M. The second one uses Markov Random Field (MRF) to integrate spatial information. MRF based models need high computational power due to their complexity. They cannot be used directly in the Maximization step (M-Step) of Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The MRF model used in this paper does not require high computational power and can be easily integrated with the M-Step. We have implemented Inverted Dirichlet (ID) and Generalized Inverted Dirichlet (GID) mixture models using these two methods. For experiments, we have used 500 Berkeley dataset (BSD500). In order to compare the image segmentation results, the outputs of ID mixture model (IDMM) and GID mixture model (GIDMM) are compared with the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), using segmentation performance evaluation metrics. The results obtained from GIDMM and IDMM are more promising than those obtained with GMM.


The Raman and infrared spectra of poly(dA) · poly(dT) and poly(dAT) · poly(dAT) have been recorded. Normal coordinate analyses have been performed for these two polymers to obtain the fundamental modes. We use a valence force field deduced from literature values and from a refinement of a diethyl phosphate potential. Non-bonded interactions are not included. Extensive descriptions of each mode are given allowing qualitative understanding of some of the spectral difference found between the two polymers.


Using the zero curvature formulation, it is shown that W-algebra transformations are symmetries of corresponding generalised Drinfel'd-Sokolov hierarchies. This result is illustrated with the examples of the KdV and Boussinesque hierarchies , and the hierarchy associated to the Polyakov-Bershadsky W-algebra.


A double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) comprising a single isolated chain comprised of poly (ribocitidilico4-29uridilico acid) and an opposite chain comprised of poly (riboinosinico acid) such that the two chains do not form a duplex in the position uracil base, so that they said chains are partially hybridized, characterized in that: the dsRNA has a molecular weight of about 250 kDa to about 320 kDa and is resistant to denaturing conditions that are capable of separating the strands of poly (acid riboinosinico) and poly (ribocitidilico acid) hybridized.


With ever present economic pressures and an increase in the demand of new drug molecules, pharmaceutical industries have reverted to Combinatorial Chemistry, a new subfield of chemistry to accelerate the drug discovery process. This paper discusses the principles, methodology, current techniques used by Industries involving this novel strategy, usefulness and limitations of this technique.


Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activities of root extract of Alpinia galanga in rodents. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using albino rats of either sex (150-200 g). An extract of the root of A. galanga was prepared using absolute alcohol and distillation in a Soxhlet apparatus. The acute anti-inflammatory effects of this extract were evaluated using carrageenan-, bradykinin-, and 5-HT-induced rat paw edema. The chronic anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using formaldehyde-induced rat paw edema. Results and Analysis: Inhibition of inflammation was seen to be 32.22% in carrageenan-induced, 37.70% in 5-HT-induced, and 35.21% in bradykinin-induced anti-inflammatory models. In chronic inflammatory model, a progressive inhibition of 34.73% (3 rd day), 37.50% (5 th day), 38.83% (7 th day), 44.66% (9 th day), 49.59% (11 th day), and 55.75% (13 th day) was observed with study compound. The efficacy was comparable with the standard drugs. Conclusion: It can be thus concluded that A. galanga has anti-inflammatory properties and probably acts by blocking histaminic and serotonin pathways. It may be an effective alternative to NASAIDs and corticosteroid in inflammatory disorders.


In this paper, we investigate the effect of frequency of the applied electric field on the dielectric anisotropy nematic liquid crystal doped with nanoparticles of pure nematic examined. Detailed study of the dielectric constant for the parallel component of the dielectric constant shows that the concentration of 1%(wt/wt) of nanoparticles has increased dielectric constant. Perpendicular component of the dielectric constant for all doped samples decrease compared to the pure sample. It was observed that increasing the frequency does not affect the dielectric anisotropy.it was also observed that for very high concentrations of nanoparticles the dielectric anisotropy becomes negative.


Native starch and flour are not successful in biodegradable film production. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) is a physical modification to improve functional properties of starch and flour, however, it is not fully understood if this method can enhance their film properties. This research, compares physical properties of biodegradable films produced from native rice flour (RF), rice starch (RS), and their heat-moisture-treated counterparts (HMTRF and HMTRS, respectively). Water solubility of the films reduced in the following order: RS film (23.91%) > RF film (19.77%) > HMTRS (19.50%) > HMTRF (16.22%). Water vapor permeability values of RF and RS films were 0.032 and 0.017 g mm m-2 h-1 KPa-1 which were increased to 0.043 and 0.027 g mm m-2 h-1 KPa-1, respectively, after HMT. RF film was darker, more reddish, and yellowish but less transparent than RS film. HMT increased all the color parameters and further reduced the transparency of the films particularly for RF film. RS films had less flexibility, higher elongation at break, and tensile strength than RF films. HMT reduced films firmness, tensile strength, and resistance to stretch of both films. Overall, biodegradable films from HMTRF and HMTRS showed lower transparency, water solubility, rigidity, and extensibility while higher permeability to water vapor compared to their native counterparts.


We propose a generation method for arbitrary patterned THz pulse trains by photomixing of spectrally-synthesized optical combs generated by a Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator combined with a pulse picker driven by a pulse pattern generator.


Croatia's economy has been highly promoted since the country declared independence in 1991. This paper discusses some specific trade disputes that produce crucial effect on the country's economy, speculates the country's needs and expectations for joining the World Trade Organization, combines basic international relations'theories with WTO Cardinal Principles, and makes an attempt in interpreting some case studies, in which Croatia and the other country reached a mutual agreement, from the perspective of three theories introuced in international relations : Neo-realism, Neo-liberalism, and Constructivism.


In this paper we use the spine decomposition and martingale change of measure to establish a Kesten–Stigum L logL theorem for branching Hunt processes. This result is a generalization of the results in Asmussen and Hering (Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheor. Verw. Geb. 36:195–212, 1976) and Hering (Branching Processes, pp. 177–217, 1978) for branching diffusions.


This paper presents a fast and efficient algorithm for reliability evaluation of telecommunication networks with link capacities.A system is considered reliable only if it successfully transmits at least the reauired system capacity from the transmitter to the receiver station.The algorithms we give differ from the traditional method and convert the traditional 2 step algorithm into 1 step algorithm.Algorithm Ⅰ starts from any valid group as its initial valid group,and all valid groups are generated from it and disjoint.Algorithm Ⅱ is a doal algorithm of algorithm I.Also we give a counter example to show that the algorithm in \ can lead to leave out valid group.


A fast Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) for dynamic strain measurement is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on the frequency-agile technique. Employing the band-pass filter and envelope detection, the spontaneous Brillouin gain spectrum can be online demodulated in the time domain for a truly distributed, one-end-access and dynamic strain measurement. A strain sampling rate of 62.5 Hz is achieved for the proposed sensor over 172 m single-mode fiber with 100 sweeping frequencies and 64 times of averaging. In the experiment, the vibration frequencies of 6.82 Hz and 14.77 Hz have been measured with 2 m spatial resolution and 4000 μϵ dynamic range. The measurement accuracy is calculated to be ±30 μϵ by the standard deviation of the static fiber Brillouin frequency shift. Furthermore, the performance on the strain sampling rate and measurement accuracy is investigated with different averaging times. It should be noted that the upgraded schemes for the frequency-agile based Brillouin optical time-domain analysis can be also introduced into the proposed fast BOTDR.


Mung bean is a low input, short duration and high value cash crop. Therefore, that fits very well in the ricewheat cropping system of the Punjab and other states. There is a gap of 65 to 70 days for growing a crop after wheat and before the main rice crop plantation. . Less amount of fertilizer use in commonly on oil seed and pulses that have a higher sulphur demand per unit of pulses production than cereals. Generally, farmer using sulphur free fertilizer like DAP, Urea, MOP therefore sulphur deficient in soil. The correction of sulphur deficeinces, application of sulphur fertilizer 40 kg/ha increase height and branches per plant of green gram significantly and also application of sulphur was also reported to increase number and weight of root nodules in green gram use mostly,available in market sulphur as bentonite sulphur 90%, sulphur WP application this is effective sources it also improve soil ph and quality of vegetable and fodder crops.


This text introduces the Special Issue on Multiplicity. It sets out the broad research programme of Multiplicity, considers some criticisms that have been made of this programme and then summarises the contributions to the Special Issue.


Objective: To improve CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of single tumor invasion and metastasis of endocranium. Methods:CT findings of 3 cases of solitary metastatic tumor and 1 case of primary tumor involving endo-cranium were retrospectively analyzed and all of them were confirmed by operation and pathololgy. 2 of them underwent additional CT enhancement. Results:There were 2 cases of metastasis from lung cancer,1 from thyroid cancer and 1 of lym-phoma. These lesions were under the inner table of the skull and most of them located in the area of the frontal, temporal and parietal bone. They appeared as biconvex shadow with homogeneous high density. Their CT values were 57 - 68HU and after enhancement these lesions enhanced markedly. The edge of the lesion was well-defined. There was compression of the brain but without cerebral edema. The skull adjacent to the lesion showed cribriform, compressive or erosive destruction, which formed high density shadow under the scalp. Conclusion: Single tumor invasion and metastasis of endocranium has charactaistic CT features.


The most valuable assets in every scientific community are the expert work force and the research results/data produced. The last decade has seen new experimental and computational techniques developing at an ever faster pace, encouraging the production of ever larger quantities of data in ever shorter time spans. Concurrently the traditional scientific working environment has changed beyond recognition. Today scientists can use a wide spectrum of experimental, computational and analytical facilities, often widely distributed over the UK and Europe. In this environment new challenges are posed for the Management of Data, foremost in the areas of data archival, organisation of data in a heterogeneous, distributed environment, data accessibility and data exploration. In mid 1998 CLRC Daresbury Laboratory started a Data Management Project (DAMP) which is looking specifically at the requirements of computational scientists in a High Performance Computing Environment. As part of this work surveys have been carried out (Kle-, 99), workshops were organised (Data Management 2000) and a number of follow on projects and collaborations were initiated. The European ESTEDI collaboration is such a project, it focuses on a particular aspect of data management, the support of high I/O requirements of codes on High End computing facilities. This paper will give a short introduction into the aims and realm of the DAMP project and reports on the work of the ESTEDI co-operation.


In this paper we propose a novel method to detect the structural similarity in registering color and confocal microscopic images. Our prior work presented the basic idea of detecting the structural similarity of such images, which utilizes the intensity relationships among red-green-blue color channels. The work in this paper will make the detection of structural similarity automatic and adaptive to each individual color microscopic image. The experimental results will demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting the structural similarity of these images and significant improvements in the registration performance.


The invention discloses a transparent microcapsule flavoring rose essence and a preparation method thereof. The transparent microcapsule flavoring rose essence comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-25% of flavoring rose essence, 5-50% of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, 5-40% of tween-20 and the balance of deionized water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin water solution; dropwisely adding the flavoring rose essence into the prepared hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin water solution, and continuously stirring to ensure that the flavoring rose essence is uniformly dispersed in the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin water solution to obtain an emulsion; and then adding the tween-20 into the prepared emulsion, and continuously and uniformly stirring to obtain the transparent microcapsule flavoring rose essence. The prepared transparent microcapsule flavoring rose essence is stable in fragrance, keeps fragrance for a long time, and has the characteristics of high fragrance strength, high essence content and the like.


Researchers relying on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy need to decide which equivalent electrical circuit to use to analyze their measurements. Here, we present an identification algorithm based on gene expression programming to support this decision. It is accompanied by some measures to enhance the interpretability of the resulting circuits, such as the removal of redundant components to avoid overly complex circuits. We also provide the option to depart from an initial population of widely applied circuits, allowing for quick identification of known circuits that are capable of modeling the measurement data. As the number of measurements per experiment is typically rather limited in real-life experiments, we examine the number needed to find an adequate circuit topology for two example circuits. Next, the algorithm is tested on impedance simulations for a variety of circuits. Noise robustness is evaluated by subjecting the impedance measurements to increasing amounts of Gaussian noise, demonstrating that the algorithm still works well even for noise levels that are significantly higher than what is typically encountered in practice. Finally, we validate the algorithm by identifying the appropriate circuit for impedance measurements from a biological application.


AbstrcatThe strong points and shortcomings of vibration simulation research on the type of beam parts with boundary element method are analyzed briefly. The dynamic simulation and analysis of bending natural vibration of the rectangle beam structure have been processed with the boundary element method. While the elasticity constant E of the beam is changed, the natural frequencies of the beam structure should change accordingly. So academic exploration is done by improvingthe dynamic performances of the beam structure with amending the parameter E ofthe structure.


Based on the experiment of T section concrete beams using HRB400 steel under concentrated load. The shear behavior, apparent and development of diagonal crack of the beams using high-strength steel were analyzed. The factors of influencing with cracking load and development of crack were discussed in the paper.


The design of synchronous multiphase DC-DC converters for automobile applications is now a very active field, because the automotive industry forecast that future power demands inside a car will oscillate between 2.5 kW and 3.5kW, keeping a dual system of 42/14V batteries. The design of controllers for the optimal behavior of such converters is a very delicate task. In this paper, an optimized fuzzy control algorithm has been developed to control a synchronous multiphase converter of 1.6kW. First, the fuzzy control algorithm is designed and verified, together with a non linear model of the converter power stage, by means of Matlab and Simulink. Then, the fuzzy controller hardware is developed through Xilinx System Generator for Simulink, and implemented in a Spartan 3 FPGA to achieve a real-time controller


Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octachlorotricuprate(II) has been determined at low temperature (193 K). The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1, Z = 2, with unit cell dimensions a = 8.986(1), b = 12.595(1), c = 13.081(1) Å, α = 88.561(9), β = 79.743(9), γ = 81.724(9)° and Dx = 1.734 Mg/m3. The structure was refined by a full-matrix least-squares procedure on F2 to final R = 0.0697 using 4366 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The copper atoms show square-pyrimidal coordination geometry with a long bond length Cu—Cl (2.623 ∼ 2.676 Å) in axial direction.


The present investigation primarily aims at obtaining an ex pression of the normal position of the pineal body in the cranium, the latter varying as to size and shape. The comprehensive anthropological literature, so rich in measure ments'and indices (see for instance TÖRÖK), is not adapted to roentgenological use. PACINI made an attempt to adapt the anthropolog ical concepts to roentgenological use inter alia by subjecting the craniometrie points and distances to a valuable critical examination. Several craniometrie points have here been employed according to his suggestions; his proposal for denoting by the epithet »endo» in front of the denomination of the points, that they are situated on the inside of the cranium seems fairly well justified but has not been adopted in this work. Only a small number of the craniometrie points can conveniently be related to the position of the pineal body and used in order to characterize the latter. The pineal gland being normally situated in the median-sagittal plane, it is of no interest to analyse with statistical methods its position in frontal view. In side-view only points in (or near) the median-sagittal plane should evidently be used in a determination of the size and shape of the cranium as well as of the position of the pineal body. The craniometrie points here examined are as follows (diagram 2): 1 a. The point at which the highest border of the dorsum sellae intersects the median-sagittal plane. 1. Sphenoid. The point at which the front border of the sella turcica (tuberculum sellae) intersects the median-sagittal plane.


Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the assumptions underlying the population ecology theory, to point out its major weaknesses and also to suggest a solution. Design/methodology/approach: This study reviews the literature from the fields of political economy, organizational research and international management and identifies common threads pointing towards the fallacy of basic ecological assumptions. Findings: The literature from different fields suggests that not only organizations are being selected by the environment, but the environment is also being intentionally controlled, shaped or 'selected' and even created by the organizations. Generalizing this argument, it is proposed that all such unidirectional approaches that fail to account for the multi directional influences should be replaced with a multidirectional approach in which all of the concerned variables are given some causal authority. Originality/value: The paper provides some insights into the unwarranted and taken for granted assumptions underlying the popular approach to organizational theorizing. It offers a guideline for organizational theorists to critically evaluate existing theories and to formulate balanced theories in future. Paper type: Viewpoint


Abstract The example of China's anti-poverty policy is used to show how more comple governancee mechanisms become active in place of the state, incorporating on the institutional level multilateral development organizations as well as Chinese and international NGOs. These development trajectories in the field of anti-poverty policy can be interpreted along the lines of three different future scenarios, namely a neoliberal scenario, in which the state abdicates its social responsibility in favor of (national and international) society; a state-centered scenario, in which new (participatory and internationalized) forms of governance serve primarily to strengthen the Chinese state; a scenario of globalizing social policy, in which the third sector, in cooperation with the state and the market, acts to promote socially and environmentally compatible globalization processes.


e22512 Background: Population-based cohort studies can be a resource for tumor specimens, annotated with demographic, lifestyle, and health history data, that support innovative studies of cancer. These data are increasingly important for clinical studies as they can be useful predictors of prognosis and treatment response (1,2) Our aim was to establish and test a process for accessing tumor samples, held at pathology laboratories around British Columbia (BC), for participants of the BC Generations Project (BCGP). Methods: Through the BC Cancer Registry, pathology reports linked with each BCGP solid cancer case were manually reviewed to extract information (e.g., location of pathology laboratory, sample type (i.e., biopsy or excision), and accession number) needed to request tumor samples. From among the successfully abstracted pathology reports, we randomly selected a total of 200 breast, lung, bladder, and pancreatic cancer cases for which to attempt retrieval of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from pathology laboratories across BC. We selected these cancer sites as they capture a representative range of cancer characteristics (e.g., tumor sizes) with which to evaluate the effectiveness of our access process. Results: We successfully identified pathology reports for 1,100 (93%) of the 1,180 incident solid cancer cases diagnosed in BCGP as of 2019 and we successfully retrieved 183 (92%) of the 200 FFPE that we requested from pathology laboratories. No important differences in retrieval rates by cancer site, sample location (Greater Vancouver vs. Outside Greater Vancouver), sample type (biopsy vs. excision) or year of diagnosis were identified. Conclusions: This linkage exercise demonstrates the tremendous potential for BCGP to serve as a population-based resource for highly annotated tumor tissue samples. A text mining solution recently implemented by the Registry will allow us to automate the process for data abstraction and should capture pathology reports for 100% of all newly diagnosed BCGP cancer cases moving forward. This will further enhance the utility of BCGP as a high-quality tumor tissue research resource. References: Lugo D, Pulido AL, Mihos CG, Issa O, Cusnir M, Horvath SA, Lin J, Santana O. The effects of physical activity on cancer prevention, treatment and prognosis: A review of the literature. Complement Ther Med 2019; 44:9–13. Peppone LJ, Mustian KM, Morrow GR, Dozier AM, Ossip DJ, Janelsins MC, Sprod LK, McIntosh S. The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Cancer Treatment–Related Side Effects. The Oncologist 2011; 16:1784–92.


This paper deals with the stress concentration problem of a circular solid cylinder with a central notch and two supplemental notches under tension. Stress mitigations due to the interference effects of stress concentration are investigated. We consider the influences of the distances between a central notch and two supplemental notches and the radii of the semicircular notches on the mitigations of stress concentration. The principle of the method of solution makes use of distributing body forces in the interior of a solid cylinder in order to satisfy the boundary conditions of the notched surfaces, which are imagined in the solid cylinder with no notch. For this purpose, we apply Green's functions for body force problems of an infinite solid cylinder. Numerical results are shown for stress concentration factors of the problem.


Interest in the safeguarding of the records of business houses in Great Britain began to be manifested about a generation ago, when it was realized that an intelligent use of the books of textile mill-owners enabled the historian to give a more convincing account of the industrial revolution in the North than had hitherto been available.


The energetic band structure,density of states,and optical properties of pure ZnO,N,and Ga singly doped ZnO,and N-Ga codoped ZnO were investigated by using first principle plane wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method on the basis of density functional and generalized gradient analogy(GGA)theory. The result showed that there was red shift to some extent at the absorption edges of the three doped forms of ZnO,and compared with singly doped one,codoped form exhibited better stability,benefiting the formation of p-type ZnO.


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate a new predictor of knowledge hiding, namely, employee perceptions of corporate hypocrisy (PCH). Based on the social cognitive theory, this study constructs a moderated mediation model linking PCH and knowledge hiding. The theoretical model concentrates on the mediating role of moral identity and the moderating role of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE).

Design/methodology/approach
Two studies with different samples and designs were used. In Study 1, the experimental method explored whether PCH could elicit knowledge hiding under the condition of OBSE (H1 and H4). Study 2, an empirical method with three stages, tested the full mediated moderation model by adding to the mediating role of moral identity (H1–H4).

Findings
The results showed: PCH was positively related to knowledge hiding, moral identity mediated the influence of PCH on knowledge hiding and OBSE not only moderated the relationship between PCH and moral identity but also moderated the indirect effect of PCH on knowledge hiding (via moral identity). The present research sheds valuable light on the processes (how) and contingencies (when) whereby PCH affects knowledge hiding for the first time, thus extending prior research and encouraging further explorations on the topic of PCH and knowledge hiding. It informs practitioners that taking measures to decrease corporate hypocrisy plays a vital role in preventing workers from hiding knowledge.

Originality/value
The study's distinctive contribution is to examine the mediating effect of moral identity and the moderating role of OBSE on the relationship between corporate hypocrisy and knowledge hiding, which through the lens of social cognitive theory. Thus, it furthers a deeper understanding of knowledge hiding and helps the organization understand the dynamics of knowledge management, such as prohibiting employee counterproductive behaviors in the workplace.


By using TEQC software developed and researched by UNAVCO Facility,we made a statistics and analysis for the data collected in KUNM IGS Station from January 2011 to May 2012,including the total amount of data,effective usage of data,cycle slips,multipath effect,satellite SNR and ionospheric delay. It is concluded that the data collected in KUNM IGS Station have different characteristic for different months,which can provide reference for high-precision GPS data acquisition in Kunming.


Aiming at the problem of unsatisfactory noise removal effect during the preprocessing of MI EEG signals, an optimal smooth model based on empirical mode decomposition is introduced. First, use empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to decompose the complex signal into a certain number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a remainder function (r), and then construct a smooth model function based on the mean square error and smoothing index, using different The function of the intrinsic mode is combined with the optimal smooth model function to reduce noise and obtain the optimal solution. The research results show that compared with several denoising methods commonly used in other literature, this method has improved SNR, RMSE, and PE three evaluation indicators. The proposed method can provide a reference for the preprocessing of motor imagery signals.


We present EleMental: The Recurrence, a novel game that provides computer science students the opportunity to write code and perform interactive visualizations to learn about recursion through depth-first search of a binary tree. We designed the game to facilitate maximum transfer of learning to writing real programs, while also providing for interactive visualizations. We conducted a study with computer science majors to measure the impact of the game on learning and on attitudes toward educational games. Our results demonstrate the enthusiasm students have for learning games and provide insight into how such games should be constructed.


''What is an emotion?'' William James's seminal paper in Mind (1884) proposed the idea that physiological and behavioral responses precede subjective experience in emotions that are marked by ''distinct bodily expression.'' This notion has broadly inspired the investigation of emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity, a research topic which had great longevity. The route of this literature is traced through its major theoretical challenges from the Cannon–Bard, activation, and Schachter– Singer theories, through its rich empirical history in the field of psychophysiology. Although these studies are marked by various findings, the overall trend of the research supports the notion of autonomic specificity for basic emotions. The construct of autonomic specificity continues to influence a number of core theoretical issues in affective science, such as the existence of basic or 'natural kinds' of emotion, the structure of affective space, the cognition–emotion relationship, and the function of emotion. Moreover, James's classic paper, which stimulated the emergence of psychology from philosophy and physiology in the latter nineteenth century, remains a dynamic force in contemporary


Under the STCW Convention, marine engineers are required to have a satisfactory level of maritime English proficiency so that they can successfully...


The Labour Contract Law of People's Republic of China came into effect in 2008 to supplement the first Labour Law of 1994. The enactment of this law, however, coincided with the outbreak of the world's financial tsunami at the same time. Many enterprises in China, especially manufacturing factories, faced tremendous difficulties of both the decreasing sales orders from the West and increasing operations costs including labour cost. This article is based on intensive case studies of two manufacturing plants in Dongguan, a manufacturing hub in Guangdong Province. Semi-structured interviews with managers and workers were conducted. The author investigated the changes imposed on the employment policies of the enterprises under the new Labour Contract Law, including the areas of employment contracts, working hours, part-time employment, termination and lay-off, as well as union organization and union's influence in the firms. The author also investigated the strategic responses adopted by the management of these case firms in managing human resources in this critical period. These firms' manpower strategies, employment policies and employee relations practices including relationship with the union, etc. were evaluated. Findings show that the small case factory adopted the manpower strategy very similar to the 'flexible firm' model (Atkinson 1985). Another larger case factory, which strictly complied with the new legal requirements in employment, adopted the approach similar to the 'commitment model' (Walton 1985) in managing human resources and the management was optimistic to the positive outcomes of such approach to the firm.


This paper is concerned with the ways in which the Slutsky equation has been derived in mainstream economics, primarily in the post war period. Also considered are some related results for inverse, or indirect demands, the formal mathematical consideration of which goes back at least as far as Antonelli's ([1886] 1971) work on the integrability problem. The main point is that the traditional approach, which was prevalent until the 1970's, and which is essentially a streamlined version of the calculus-based approach of Pareto ([1927] 1971) and Slutsky ([1915] 1953), can be instructive in ways that complement the modern duality-based approach. The latter has come to monopolise mainstream consumer and producer treatments at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels and beyond. So far as the Slutsky equation and its analogue for inverse demands are concerned, we argue that the traditional, or classical, approach need not be heavily algebraic, and makes transparent the conditions on preferences beyond the traditional smoothness assumptions required for the derivations of these equations: for direct demands these rule out too much smoothness in indifference curves, and for indirect demands suffi cient smoothness is indispensible. The modern approach based on duality arguments yields the same two equations neatly and compactly, but leaves some important ends untied.


With the development of science and technology, the interdisciplinary knowledge penetration has become an important trend in the development of science and technology. Computational thinking is expanding from the field of computer science to other disciplines. The computational thinking is the focus of the information technology in science and engineering. Python teaching is widely used in programming courses in colleges and universities. The combination of theory and practice can stimulate students' initiative of independent innovation by teaching practice. It can effectively improve the effect and quality of computer thinking training.


As logistics service providers, freight forwarders are treated as intermediary parties who connect the transactions between cargo owners and carriers in the logistics chains. As the men in the middle, freight forwarders interact with upstream cargo owners to facilitate their cargo movement as well as downstream carriers to secure them large and stable volume of cargo. They themselves aim at maximizing own profit or market share via the competition or cooperation with other freight forwarders or carriers. When cargo owners contact for logistics services, freight forwarders first refer to their pricing strategy to formulate quoted charge, and then echo this charge together with the specifications of cargo movement. This paper describes ideas for freight forwarders' pricing strategy design in a situation involving interactions between cargo owners, freight forwarders, and carriers. The aim of this research is to help freight forwarders formulate the price of their services using a game theoretic approach by considering the best combination of available carriers as well as competition with other freight forwarders. The real world interactions with other parties are first represented as a dynamic and repeated game. Then, the concepts of Nash equilibrium in mixed strategy (NEMS) and backward induction are used to find the best moves for freight forwarders. However, the authors will only focus on the pricing strategy design of non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCCs), freight forwarders that do not own any vessels. Preliminary results indicate that non-cooperative behavior and competition among risk neutral freight forwarders will lead to revenue loss for all freight forwarders.


23 Relatively little is known about the role of turbulence in a predator prey system where the 24 predator is a passive, pelagic forager. The Campanulariid hydroid Clytia gracilis (Cnidaria, 25 Hydrozoa) is unusual because it occurs as planktonic colonies and is reported to forage passively 26 in the water column on Georges Bank, Massachusetts, USA. In this study we investigated the role 27 of various turbulence conditions on the feeding rate of C. gracilis colonies in laboratory 28 experiments. We found a positive relationship between turbulence velocities and feeding rates up 29 to a turbulent energy dissipation rate of ca 1 cm s. Beyond this threshold feeding rate decreased 30 slightly, indicating a dome-shaped relationship. Additionally, a negative relationship was found 31 between feeding efficiency and hydroid colony size under lower turbulent velocities, but this 32 trend was not significant under higher turbulence regimes. 33 34


But he [Othello], as loving his own pride and purposes, Evades them, with a bombast circumstance Horribly stuff d with epithets of war: And, in conclusion, nonsuits My mediators; for Certes, says he, I have already chose my officer. And what was he? Forsooth, a great arithmetician, One Michael Cassio, a Florentine, A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife; That never set a squadron in the field, Nor the division of a battle knows More than a spinster; unless the bookish theoretic, Wherein the toged consuls can propose As masterly as he: mere prattle without practice Is all his soldiership. (Shakespeare, 1972, p. 1171)


The invention relates to the technical field of goods and materials safety management applied to the industries of finance, customs, logistics and the like, in particular to an electronic radio-frequency lock applied to a bank cash final payment management system and a key matched with the lock in use. According to the invention, the radio-frequency lock and the matched key can be used for performing bidirectional identity recognition, after the identities of two parties are confirmed, the lock can be unlocked, and the key can be used for recording unlocking information, so that traceability can be achieved when a problem occurs. The technical disclosed by the invention has the key points that: the radio-frequency lock is of a dual-locking mechanism, namely, mechanical locking plus electric locking, the lock can be unlocked only by using the authorized key, and thus, technical unlocking can be effectively prevented; and the radio-frequency loc and the key comprises built-in RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) chips, lock codes cannot be repeated, and the key cannot be replicated randomly; and the radio-frequency lock has a black box function and can be used for recording destructive unlocking information.


Objective To study acute toxicity,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of lysimachia fortunei maxim and alcohol extractive.Methods Observing LD50 with the water-extractive(2.16 g/ml) and alcohol-extrctive(3.32 g/ml) of lysimachia fortunei maxim with its maximal dose(0.4 ml/kg) respectively by intragastric administration.The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of lysimachia fortunei maxim were observed by means of dimethylbenzene inducing ears edema model,and acetic acid writhing test.Results The maximal tolerance dose for acute toxicity of the water-extractive and alcohol-extractive of Hyperieum attenuatum choisy is 88.3 g/kg and 132.8 g/kg(raw medicine amount).Hyperieum attenuatum choisy can significantly inhibit the inflammation caused by xylene and inhibited writhing caused by 0.7% acetic acid in mice.Conclusion The water-extractive and alcohol-extractive of hyperieum attenuatum choisy did not cause any acute toxicity and they have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects also,so it is worthy of further investigation.


Partially reacting candidate fuels under highly dilute conditions across a range of temperatures provides a means to classify the candidates based on traditional ignition characteristics using much lower quantities (sub-mL) than the full octane tests. Using a classifier based on a Gaussian Process model, synthetic species profiles obtained by plug flow reactor simulations at seven temperatures are used to demonstrate that the configuration can be used to classify 95% of the samples correctly for autoignition sensitivity exceeding a threshold (S ≥ 8) and 100%of the samples correctly for research octane number exceeding a threshold (RON ≥ 90). Molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) experimental data at four temperatures is then used as the model input in a real-world test. Despite the nontrivial relationship between the MBMS measurements and speciation as well as experimental noise it is still possible to classify 95% of the samples correctly for RON and 85% of the samples correctly for S in a "leave-one-o...


As electronic media increasingly dominate narratives for children, not merely the form or the content but the very nature of narrative is changing. Future narratives for the 'computer reader', using the Internet and multimedia may seem to be no more nor less than individual, unassessable chaos. But these readers still need to subsist in a linear educational system and teachers will have to negotiate the profound intellectual shift that the mediation between old and new narratives implies. At the most basic level this will involve revising what we mean to be 'literate' and to be a 'good reader'.


Based on single cell recordings in monkey, it has been suggested that neural activity can be related directly to psychophysically measured threshold behaviour. Here, we investigated in humans whether evoked potentials correlate with behavioural measurements like discrimination thresholds and reaction time. Subjects were asked to report the perceived direction of object motion stimuli which contained variable amounts of coherent motion. Simultaneously, we recorded evoked potentials with a multielectrode array, or measured the reaction time. We show here that motion coherence had a strong influence on both amplitude and latency of the evoked potential. Stronger motion signals evoked stronger and faster cortical responses. The latency reduction of the motion onset response with increasing coherence correlated very well with the concurrent decrease in reaction time. Taken together, these results suggest that temporal integration is an important step in analysing motion signals to generate a reliable behavioural response. We stimulated a two‐dimensional array of correlation‐type motion detectors with the same motion sequences, and analysed the distribution of local motion signals according to signal detection theory. Performance resembled that of human subjects when the decision strategy was optimized so as to exclude small signals and, in particular, when the ideal observer had some knowledge about a region of interest in which the object was to be expected.


In recent years, there have been a number of research efforts worldwide, exploring the use of data-driven approaches to support sustainable development. This paper presents our work based on integrating disparate datasets to build explainable models of SDG indicators. Bayesian networks are employed to develop a potential causal structure of the modeled domain and attempt to quantify uncertainties associated within. For policy decisions, it is still a challenge to grasp the exact causal influences among the various factors. Therefore, the graphical representation of nodes as real-world objects and arcs as dependence relationships helps policy-makers to draw conclusions before and after policy interventions. We examine how intervening at one or at multiple variables manipulates the network which may shift the status of target indicators. Collection of Bayesian networks corresponding to each of the indicators of the sustainable development goals and inspecting intervention impacts that may flow down and across the models is one of the major areas of focus in our study.


CARC1NOID TUMORS Of the rectum have not been found to produce an endocrine substance or to cause carcinoid syndrome. 6, a0 Indeed, only one exceptional case among more than 600 rectal carcinoids recorded in the medical l i terature has been accompanied by carcinoid syndrome, despite a slight increase of urinary excretion of 5hydroxyindoleacetic acid. n Most authorities also believe that almost all rectal carcinoids fail to give either the argentaffin or the argyrophil reaction. Here, it should be pointed out that the conventional argyrophil staining for paraffin sections of rectal carcinoids has been carried out by applying the silver method of Davenpor t / or that of Bodian, 2 or that of Sevier and Munger. 12 Recently, a new, simple, sensitive technique for argyrophil staining using paraffin sections was described by (;rimelius, who originally developed this method to visualize a group of a cells in the pancreatic islets of adult man.4 Currently, this method, called "Grimelius ' silver nitrate stain," has been utilized widely as the most reliable stain for the argyrophil reaction of the gut endocrine cells. Nevertheless, so far as we are aware, no case of rectal carcinoid which includes a morpho lo~c description of the results of using this stain has been re-


Dielectric frequency response, also known as frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS), was introduced about a decade ago as the preferred method to estimate the moisture content in the cellulose insulation of power transformers. A conventional FDS measurement is carried out as a frequency sweep down till 100 μHz, thus causing unavoidable large measuring time due to the very low frequency oscillations. Nevertheless, FDS is the favored choice for onsite measurements due to its robustness against noise. This contribution proposes a newly developed modification to the FDS measurement technique. In Part II, of a two-part series, we propose reducing the measuring time by measuring only a fraction of a complete oscillation. Regression techniques are then used to calculate the amplitude and phase shift of the fraction. The capacitance and dissipation factor (tanδ) are then calculated for each individual oscillation. The proposed advancement described in this part could reduce the measuring time by up to 90% compared to a conventional FDS.


Background: Developing of novel pharmaceutic agents is an actual topic for chemotherapy. Heavy metals possess a significant cytotoxic properties and some of them are widly introduced in medical practice, e.g. cisplatin. Aim and Objective of this study was to investigate the cytostatic effects of prospective silver-based preparation on viral bovine leukemia model in vivo and lymphoblast cells in vitro. Material and Methods : Silver salt of methenamine was suggested as prospective substance and tested was tested on black-motley cattle with bovine leukemia to reveal influence on hematological parameters. Preparation was applied in form of 0.5% solution in different doses and was administered as single intravenous injection. Blood parameters were determined by triple hematological monitoring. Investigation of cytostatic activity was conducted on the leukemic cells of HUT-102 line in Vitro in concentration range of 0.03-3.0 mg/ml. Results: The results showed normalization of blood parameters in dose-dependent manner after intravenous injection of methenamine silver salt. It was revealed a pronounced inhibitory effect of silver-based drug on the leukemic cells both in vitro and in vivo. Control blood test one month after experimental therapy confirmed the stability of the achieved results. Conclusion : The tested drug showed a moderate cytostatic effect. Methenamine silver nitrate can be considered as prospective pharmacological agent. Bovine leukemia was shown as a convenient model for the development of new treatment of blood diseases. Continuation of the work is of interest for both veterinary and medical pharmacotherapy. Keywords: methenamine silver nitrate, HUT 102 cells; lymphocytes, leucosis, cytostatic activity, bovine leukemia, silver hexamethylenetetramine.


Abstract : Many of the applications vital to the Objective Force will rely on multicast and other forms of group communication using the wireless battlefield networks of Future Combat Systems. Achieving secure and survivable communications for these applications requires group key management techniques that meet the unique challenges of battlefield networks. These challenges include minimizing re-keying delay while maximizing re-keying reliability, minimizing energy consumption, etc. The techniques must also provide scalability, and minimize communication while conforming to key storage and processing constraints.


Neonicotinoid insecticides are often detected in pollen and nectar, which are the main food resources for honey bees. Sub-lethal and chronic exposure to these insecticides may have a prolonged effect on honey bees who are solely dependent on the stored food inside of the hive during cold weather. Our study investigated the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of imidacloprid on late fall forager honey bees' behavior by accessing their activity levels and walking performance after being fed ad libitum with six different concentrations (2—125 μg/kg) of imidacloprid-dosed syrup for up to 48 h in the laboratory. Numbers of honey bees that walked after being released into a UV light illuminated tunnel decreased significantly as dosages of neonicotinoid in their diet increased. However, their walking speeds were not significantly affected by imidacloprid. The behavioral changes we observed in honey bees chronically exposed to neonicotinoid via diet could negatively affect individual honey bee performance of hive duties and consequently, colony survival during cold weather.


A noniterative method is presented for the computation of temperature distribution both at the tool-chip and tool-work interface in metal cutting. Temperatures at the tool-work interface increase appreciably with the increase in flank wear. This phenomenon contrasts to the relatively minor influence on tool-chip interface temperature as crater wear develops. Results include a three-dimensional temperature distribution at the tool top surface.


The lack of parameterised models showing how intrinsic factors might affect population dynamics has contributed to the belief that they are unlikely to explain population cycles. In this paper we use mathematical models to show how a social process, differential territorial behaviour between kin and non-kin, might drive red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) population cycles. We develop a simple age-structured population model which has space as a limiting resource and examine two versions of it. The first contains no kin effect and is incapable of cyclic behaviour. The second, containing a modification to reflect the effect of kinship on recruitment, shows oscillatory behaviour over most of the parameter space and produces realistic output (period, amplitude, age structure, recruitment), while its quasi-cyclic behaviour is shown to be robust under random parameter variations. Further parameterisation with field data from two study sites in north-east Scotland yields output which resembles the course of observed population cycles. The model predicts that a young cock present in autumn will have a greater probability of recruitment into the territorial population during the increase than during the decline phase of the cycle. This is consistent with field data. The model further predicts that such fluctuations in the probability of recruitment will be synchronous with fluctuations in the size of kin-clusters.


Within contemporary political discourses that narrowly characterize learning in terms of high-stakes standardized examinations, the value of the social foundations of education for teachers is increasingly questioned and challenged by those within and outside programs of teacher education. Even more troubling, prospective teachers often struggle to identify the purpose and usefulness of social foundations for their work as teachers. In this self-study, I engaged in a form of self-interviewing that I adapted to the self-study context in order to better articulate the nuances, complexities, and tensions in the purpose of social foundations for teachers' practice.


In many practical situations scaling the data is necessary to solve linear programs. This note explores the relationships in translating the sensitivity analysis between the original and the scaled problems.


The mode of entry of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and the detailed morphology of their arbors has been studied in the tectal lobes of the frog Ranapipiens. These tecta were subjected intact to HRP histochemistry and subsequently flal‐mounted for examination under a compound microscope. Subsets of RGC axons were labelled by inserting small pellets of solidified HRP into the optic chiasm region or into the tectal neuropil itself. Annular or semiannular patterns of retinal ganglion cell arbors were always observed after placement of HRP in the chiasm region. HRP pellets in the tectal neuropil labelled segments of annuli in caudal tectal regions. These tectal patterns corresponded to a similar annular distribution of HRP‐filled RGC bodies in the topographically appropriate regions of the contralateral retina.


The Serpent's Gift: Gnostic Reflections on the Study of Religion Andrea Custodi The George Washington University Jeffrey Kripal, The Serpent's Gift: Gnostic Reflections on the Study of Religion. The University of Chicago Press, 2006. 232 pp. Sometimes in academia a book comes along that speaks not just to a discipline or a community of specialists-a book that makes you raise your head above the back-and-forth of scholarly chit-chat, look around, take a deep breath, and say, "yes, this is what it's about." This is why I entered the field; this is why I chose to work across disciplines; this is what really brings us together as a community-not of specialists, not even necessarily of scholars, but as thinking, feeling, intellectuals who are interested in humanity at its deepest levels, in all its various forms and profusions, in all its facets that continue to astound, surprise, perplex, and escape us-intellectuals who are deeply committed both to the evolution of knowledge and to understanding how that knowledge impacts and shapes the cultural forms with which it is inextricably intertwined. Long sentence. But what I want to say is that only so often does a book come along that can hold its scholarly salt while at the same time pushing, challenging, and provocatively, playfully, passionately testing and questioning the foundations upon which scholarly work is conducted-a book that uses the object of its scholarly gaze as a reflecting mirror turned back upon ourselves, scholars and humans, as multidimensional, vulnerable beings who are in essence mysterious to ourselves, and that is why we pursue our inquiries within the human sciences. A book that not only uses the object of its scholarly gaze as a reflecting mirror, but also follows its ripples outwards, tracing the concentric circles of its cultural, historical, and psychological embeddedness outward until the whole of humanity is in sight as its outer ring. I'll cap the lyricism for now, but really, Jeffrey Kripal's The Serpent's Gift: Gnostic Reflections on the Study of Religion does just that. At least for me. He's always been a bit of a groundbreaker-interdisciplinary, unorthodox, willing to rattle the cages of religious traditionalists and at the same time test and sometimes challenge the boundaries of the academic establishment. I was already extremely sympathetic to his work both in Kali's Child (1995) and in Roads of Excess (2001), the former for being one of the most skillful applications I have seen of psychoanalytic methods to South Asian religious materials, and the latter for pushing the bounds of what constitutes "proper" scholarly prose and for opening up all of the various not-strictly-rational factors that go into it. This book continues the work of its predecessors but in new, compelling, and timely directions, and, I would argue, with a much more global vision. Gnosticism. Not just a dead, aborted attempt to claim the intellectual direction of early Christianity anymore, but a way of knowing for the postmodern era. Using the image of the serpent, hissing knowledge into the ear of woman in the Garden of Eden-and a jealous, petty god who would deny her and her male consort not only knowledge but the divinity implicit in their creation-Kripal weaves a compelling argument for a form of knowledge that uses reason to challenge, question, and critique, but also engages, opens, and explores that to which modern rationality has been closed. And this not just for scholarly purposes, but for existential, personal, ethical and political as well as intellectual reasons. Broad-visioned, but incisive. Skeptics, it is worth sitting down for two hundred pages to hear him out-there is much fodder for rumination, and occasional flashes of brilliance. Kripal beautifully negotiates the potential pitfalls of a charged and complex domain, relentlessly pursuing the possibilities, cognizant of the limitations, critical of the misappropriations, unapologetic, even harsh where it is merited, and generous where it is likewise merited. …


In construction or manufacturing industry, engineering drawings are used as blueprint or plan documents to facilitate the construction or manufacturing process. A fairly large construction project involves very large number of these documents, divided into different sub-sections. An engineer or architect often needs to refer different documents while preparing a new one or marking some irregularity in some document. Therefore they need to navigate through different files. It becomes an extremely difficult and time consuming task to move from one file to another in an interactive way. This paper describes an automated technique to access information from the existing drawing documents and create hyperlinks in order to enable the engineers to quickly navigate between files. The overall accuracy of our system for a class of documents is a decent 94.46%.


Tube-seedling was obtained by culturing shoot-tip of a famous local garlic cultivar in Guizhou.The results showed that B_(5) supplied with 3mg/L 6-BA,0.1mg/L NAA,0.5mg/L KT and 3mg/L Ade was the best media for the shoot-tips(0.2~(0.5mm)) and the tube-seedling induction rate reached about 60%.B_(5) or MS supplied with 0.5mg/L 6-BA and 0.1mg/L NAA was the secondmedia and its tube-seedling induction rate was 52%,47%.


Hollow structural sections (HSS) have come into increasing usage for structural purposes over the past number of years. There are several reasons for this development, in particular, the advantages of such shapes from an architectural viewpoint, the strength inherent in a closed cross section, corrosion stability, and ease of maintenance. Due to their shape, the members are particularly suited for use as columns.This paper presents a review of typical HSS production methods used throughout the world today, with emphasis on the effect of several important parameters that vary with the production process. Following a general discussion of column strength theory and its application to HSS columns, the development of limit states design procedures for compression members is evaluated. Special attention is paid to the requirements of the standard CSA S16.1-1974, and the studies that led to these rules.Outlining briefly the philosophy of full-scale column testing and typical procedures that are followed in such...


Over the past few decades, the international monetary and financial system has been a subject of constant economic debate. More recently, topics such as the activity of global financial institutions and corporations, developments in money and capital flows, international regulation and the role of central banks were thrust into the limelight by the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2007 and its culmination into a global crisis in 2008. The depth and impact of the crisis highlighted the deficiencies of the system, prompting participants to seek solutions that may facilitate sustainable, inflation-free and balanced economic growth by eliminating or at least mitigating the negative externalities of the system. With that in mind, one of the objectives of this study is to provide a brief presentation of the conceptual framework and main structural components of the existing system. This is also necessitated by the considerable changes that have taken place relative to the Bretton Woods system. The second objective of the study is to present a comprehensive overview of the complicated operation of the system by outlining the role and the interaction between the key elements of the system without intending to offer an in-depth examination of the details. We found that, owing to its significant deficiencies, the international monetary and financial system fails to meet the criteria of a well-functioning system. It is not suitable to keep exchange rate and capital flow developments in balance on a global scale, to ensure an optimal level of international liquidity, and to harmonise the relationship between international (economic and monetary policy) cooperation, spillovers and diverging volatility levels.


Abstract Vascular malformations, in particular venous malformations (VM), are common lesions involving the pediatric and adolescent population. VM occur at approximately 1:5,000 to 10,000; approximately 40% of them occur in the head and neck regions. Classical appearance of VM on imaging is a demonstration of near-normal–sized or mildly dilated feeding arteries which subsequently lead to dilated venous structures of varying caliber, thus constituting the malformation. Phleboliths are the hallmark of VM. Plain radiography has been an established modality for demonstrating phleboliths. The emergence of computed tomographic (CT) as a preferred imaging modality for the evaluation of a complex vascular malformation necessitates familiarity with the spectrum of CT appearances of this lesion. This presentation illustrates an additional CT sign, "shining pearls sign," highlighting the striking display of phleboliths in the vascular malformations, prompting correct diagnosis.


Effective management and modelling of the Playa Lakes Region (PLR) mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population requires season and cause specific survival estimates. Habitat protection and management strategies will benefit from survival data as well. Thus, we monitored 153 radio-marked female mallards during 3 winters 1986-87 to 1988-89, to examine factors affecting survival in the PLR. Mean survival rate during the 100-day period 21 November to 1 March was 0.777 ± 0.04 (SE). We did not detect any age or annual differences in survival. Precipitation and habitat availability varied among years. Survival rates (S) were higher (P < 0.10) for individuals in good body condition (s = 0.888 ± 0.07) than those in poor condition (S=0.661±0.09)


This wide-ranging survey takes stock of our institutions' strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, analysing how libraries and the very concept of librarianship have been comprehensively transformed over the past few decades. A respected veteran of libraries who has witnessed first-hand the many changes in the library world, Woodward provides a balanced, realistic assessment of the situation that confronts both libraries and information professionals. In an assessment that proves both provocative and stimulating, she: Examines the key technological and economic developments that have already had an impact on librarianship, and offers a frank evaluation of the roles libraries must fill today and in the future Sums up the trends in library management of e-books and other electronic media, in the process showing how libraries can enlarge their function as community hubs through digital innovation Analyses the skills and versatility today's library professionals need to survive and thrive, presenting career advice for staying current in the field's changed professional environment Offers survival strategies tailored to librarians' particular context, including academic, public, and school libraries The Transformed Library is an institution that can be more vibrant and relevant than ever, and Woodward's book demonstrates how.


We report a master-oscillator/power-amplifier laser system featuring a polarizing and coilable 40-micron-core Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber as the final-stage amplifier. The laser source generates 3.4 ns pulses at a repetition rate 19 kHz, with maximum pulse energy 1.2 mJ, maximum average power 22.8 W, near diffraction-limited (M2 < 1.1) beam quality, and 20% electrical to optical efficiency in a compact package. This pulsed-fiber laser flight system provides high pulse energy, average power, peak power, diffraction limited beam quality, and high efficiency all in a thermally and mechanically stable compact package.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer novel insights into: knowledge of proto-feminism through description and analysis of the rule of the seventh century female Emperor Wu Zetian; postcolonial theory by revealing the existence and proto-feminist activities of a non-western female leader; and the literature on gender and invisibility through a study of a leading figure that is relatively unknown to western feminists and is even, in feminist terms, something of a neglected figure. Design/methodology/approach – In order to examine Wu's proto-feminist practices as recorded in historical materials, we use critical hermeneutics as a tool for textual interpretation, through the following four stages: choosing texts from historical records and writings of Wu; analyzing the historical sociocultural context; analyzing the relationship between the text and the context; and offering a conceptual framework as a richer explanation. Findings – Wu's life activities demonstrate proto-feminism in late seventh ce...


The primary rationale of the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) program is to begin where the children are, which means building up on what children already know. It is designed to implement a learner-centered education from the beginning of the education ladder. The MTB-MLE policy may be said to be in its infancy in terms of official implementation, but it has had a long and unrecognized history in Philippine education. Implemented along the margins of dominant language-in-education policies as "auxiliary" medium of instruction (MOI) from the turn of the century until recently, the mother tongue (MT) became primary MOI and official Department of Education (DepEd) language-ineducation policy in 2009 via Department Order (DO) No. 74. This process evaluation (PE) sought to determine how the program is proceeding since the passage of RA 10533 or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. It specifically looked at program theory, service delivery and utilization, and program organization. To capture the breadth of conceptual and implementation issues, eighteen (18) randomly selected elementary schools were visited from among private and public school systems, distributed according to DepEd's typology of small, medium, and large schools; island groupings of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao; and from both linguistically diverse contexts (LDCs) and less linguistically diverse communities (L-LDCs). Key informant interviews (KIIs) with former and current DepEd officials at the national, regional, and division levels, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with teachers and parents, were done. An online survey to determine the extent of implementation at the school level was also conducted. Findings show the breadth of challenges the program is facing emanating from conceptual to implementational. The online survey revealed that while almost all schools are implementing the program, the quality of implementation may be wanting as less than 10 percent of schools surveyed have done the four activities needed to implement the program well. On the conceptual domain, the program had to deal with linguistic diversity in the classroom which challenges the primary model of implementation that assumes that a child is exposed to only one MT, rather than possibly several. On the implementation domain, the program has been hampered by procurement issues and lack of designated funds of the program's operational activities forcing the program to compete with other school needs to fund its activities from general Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) of the schools. Notwithstanding the numerous problems it is facing, the MTB-MLE has very solid pedagogical foundation and embodies the concept of a learner-centered education. Thus, this study does not question the wisdom of implementing the program but rather seeks to highlight the challenges it is facing with a view of seeking more effective, efficient, and acceptable ways of implementing the program. It provides recommendations to improve the implementation of program classified into program logic, service delivery and utilization, and program organization. Overall, the program needs better appreciation of the conceptual problems it is facing and the cooperation of all stakeholders to be implemented well.


Simulations of irreversible growth of extended (fractal and square) islands with critical island sizes i=1 and 2 are performed in broad ranges of coverage \theta and diffusion-to-deposition ratios R in order to investigate scaling of island size and capture zone area distributions (ISD, CZD). Large \theta and small R lead to a crossover from the CZD predicted by the theory of Pimpinelli and Einstein (PE), with Gaussian right tail, to CZD with simple exponential decays. The corresponding ISD also cross over from Gaussian or faster decays to simple exponential ones. For fractal islands, these features are explained by changes in the island growth kinetics, from a competition for capture of diffusing adatoms (PE scaling) to aggregation of adatoms with effectively irrelevant diffusion, which is characteristic of random sequential adsorption (RSA) without surface diffusion. This interpretation is confirmed by studying the crossover with similar CZ areas (of order 100 sites) in a model with freezing of diffusing adatoms that corresponds to i=0. For square islands, deviations from PE predictions appear for coverages near \theta=0.2 and are mainly related to island coalescence. Our results show that the range of applicability of the PE theory is narrow, thus observing the predicted Gaussian tail of CZD may be difficult in real systems.


PT. XYZ is one of the manufactures of parmacheutical. Problems which often appeared are surplus and shortage material. Inventory material control not optimum because order only esimate. With exponential smoothing method can be devise of demand next period and EOQ Probabilistic for to know economic order quantity, total safety stock and reorder point so can minimization inventory cost. Purpose of research are to know exponential smoothing method what representatif for manufacture and give recomendation of this research. Results of research are exponential smoothing method representatif for manufacture and EOQ probabilistic method for Antalgin, Paracetamol and Piroxicam material are economic order quantity in the amount of 313 kg, 928 kg and 33 kg, safety stock 160 kg, 403 kg and 2kg and reorder point 325 kg, 1080 kg dan 14 kg. So total inventory cost of Antalgin, Paracetamol and Piroxicam material in the amount of Rp.3.847.146, Rp.5.025.081 and Rp.1.932.255.

Keyword : Inventory, Exponential Smoothing, EOQ Probabilistic


Results of nuclear-matter calculations are presented for several nucleon-nucleon potentials that fit scattering data and deuteron properties. The results suggest that two-body potentials cannot account quantitatively for nuclear saturation.


The background of cultural lo-cation includes the changing of tradi-tional city culture,the features of moderncity culture,the complicated communityculture. The planning of cultural locationshould obey some rules and makesome regulations according to all kindsof communities.[


Lipase,cellulase and xylanase were mixed in certain ratio and used for deinking of the old newspaper(ONP).Results showed that when lipase mixed with the50/50assembled cellulase /xylanase combination in a ratio of40/60the mixture displayed the best synergistic deink-ing performance,the breaking length,burst index and tear index of the deinked pulp were increased by3.2%,7.4%and7.1%respectively com-pared with the C/X deinked pulp,the pulp yield was higher than the deinked pulp which was deinked with cellulase,xylanase or their combina-tion,and the drainage property of the pulp was improved.The dosages of lipase,cellulase and xylanase could be saved60%,70%and70%re-spectively compared with the enzymes were used separately in deinking.


Bismuth, a semi-metal with very long mean free path and large magnetoresistance (MR) effect, is a novel candidate material for thin film spintronic devices. Electrochemical deposition followed by a post-deposition anneal has resulted in highly textured bismuth films as characterized by x-ray diffractometry and pole figure measurements. A highly sensitive, real time in-situ stress measurement system was designed and employed to study stress generation during bismuth film growth. Bismuth films displayed a monotonically increasing compressive stress during deposition. The magnitude of the compressive stress decreased with the deposition rate in the range 1.5 A/sec to 50 A/sec.


Objective To develop a detection method of 7 progesterone and 5 androgen in milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Methods The milk sample was extracted with acetonitrile,the lipids in the extract solution were removed by n-hexane,and the analytes were purified by HLB extraction cartridges.The separation was conducted on a Waters Xbridge TMC18 column.Determination was operated by electrospry ionization mass spectrometry in the positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring(MRM).Results Good linearity was found in a range of 0.5 μg/L~50 μg/L,with correlation coefficients above 0.999.The limits of detection(LOD) and quantitation(LOQ) were 0.02 μg/kg~0.08 μg/kg and 0.1 μg/kg~0.3 μg/kg respectively.The average recoveries of the 12 anlytes were 71.3%~99.0% at the concentrations of 1,2 and 10 μg/kg,with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 0.7%~12.5%.Conclusion This method was accurate and sensitive,rapid and easy to operate.It was feasible for the simultaneous and rapid determination of progesterone and androgen residues in milk.


Alan Thomas (2000:777) usefully distinguishes three main senses or contemporary meanings of the term 'development' thus: (i) as a vision, description or measure of the state of being of a desirable...


Abstract This article revisits the notion of radical planning from thestandpoint of the global South. Emerging struggles for citizenship in theglobal South, seasoned by the complexities of state–citizen relationswithin colonial and post-colonial regimes, offer an historicized viewindispensable to counter-hegemonic planning practices. The article articu-lates the notion of insurgent planning as radical planning practices thatrespond to neoliberal specifics of dominance through inclusion – that is,inclusive governance. It characterizes the guiding principles for insurgentplanning practices as counter-hegemonic, transgressive and imaginative.The article contributes to two current conversations within planningscholarship: on the implication of grassroots insurgent citizenship forplanning, and on (de)colonization of planning theory. Keywords Anti-Eviction Campaign, Cape Town, grassroots citizenshippractices, housing movements and struggle, insurgent planning, post-colonial critiqueThis article revisits the notion of radical planning,which in the last two decadeshas placed major emphasis on inclusion and participation. The article articu-lates the notion of insurgent planning as those radical planning practices thatrespond to neoliberal specifics of dominance through inclusion. It highlights thehegemonic drive of neoliberal capitalism to stabilize state–citizen relations byimplicating civil society in governance, and it stresses the importance to radicalplanning of the contested terrains of inclusion and dominance. Emerging


Microbial communities have consequential effects on health and the environment yet remain uncontrollable due to their complex dynamics. Ecological modeling offers a platform to overcome their nonlinear and interconnected nature but traditionally does not account for context-dependence. Here, we extend the generalized Lotka-Volterra (gLV) model to accommodate a varying environment by identifying how environmental changes alter species growth rates and interactions in a manner that predicts full community trajectories across environmental gradients. We identify key environment-varying interactions within a synthetic community derived from the Oryzae sativa rhizosphere, and demonstrate how variations in the environment change fixed point compositions and rates of convergence. With our model, we simulate how precise perturbations of the environment can offer improvements in an optimal control problem of driving a community to a target composition. We show that environmental perturbation can minimize the total species input (direct species perturbation) and greatly expand the set of initial states from which a desired target can be reached despite stochasticity. This work demonstrates that a formal perspective on environmental influence of community dynamics is valuable for not only understanding seasonal changes or anthropogenic manipulations, but is critical for improving control of the microbiome.


With the continuous fast paste of ecommerce growth and the ever increasing amount of electronic transactions, we witness a similar if not more significant increase in electronic fraud. Consequently, fraud detection systems need to update their methods and improve them by considering more sources of information to stay effective. In this paper, a data enrichment scheme is proposed which concentrates on using social network analysis to help the detection system by feeding information that is hidden in the relations among entities. Since one of the challenges of a real life electronic transaction system is the large amount of data and number of users, the proposed scheme is presenting an efficient method to update the social network, as well. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme is able to detect fraud scenarios that are not detected using typical anomaly detection methods based on the normal behavior of cardholders. Hence, providing a higher accuracy, while minimizing the updating procedure.


The Niigata gas field yields methane gas associated with connate water from the Quaternary formations, i.e. the Uonuma group. This field is divided into two productive areas. One is the Niigata gas field in sensu strictu, and the other the Kita-Kambara gas field. Kajigawa No. 1 is the first exploratory well to the latter, of which location is nearly at the center of the basin.Two gas horizons were tested by this well. Because of good productivityindices, the productivity of gas of both horizons are satisfactory. But gas-water ratio is slightly under the theoritical solubility value in both horizons.Although high salinity of the connate waters may indicate that the marginal meteoric water of low salinity does not yet invade this area, the geochemical properties of connate waters coin cide with the low gas-water ratio and there may be possibility that the present producing horizons rapidly merge in low potential area towards the margin of the basin.


Objectives: This study aimed to examine the real-world healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and direct costs among chronic bronchitis (CB) patients treated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) maintenance medications.