The Triarchic model of psychopathy includes three components: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The model proposed that boldness is an adaptive component of psychopathy. Considering the empathic deficit present in psychopathy, emotional intelligence (EI) is an important construct for investigation of psychopathy. The major aim of this study was to investigate the role of boldness in predicting dimensions of emotional intelligence. The second aim of the present study was to explore whether associations between psychopathic components and dimensions of emotional intelligence vary across sex. Four-hundred-and-ninety-five students (51 % men) completed the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that boldness shows adaptive features and represent a "successful" expressions of psychopathy, while disinhibition and meanness represent risk factors for adaptive interpersonal behaviour. Furthermore, results indicated that the relationship between TriPM and WLEIS did not vary across sex.


Abstract Fish production annually has increased. Trading activities of Fishery in Indonesia both exports and imports will continue to increase every year. Control and monitoring of fisheries products was transported in Indonesia aims to reduce the risk of entry and spread of pests and diseases of fish in Indonesia. The purpose of Study is to know examination techniques of virus Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) at fish by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. This Study was held in the Quarantine Fish Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products (BBKIPM-KHP) Soekarno Hatta Tangerang, Banten on January 12th to February 12th, 2015. The methods of data fetching consisted of primary and secondary data. The data fetching was performed with active participation, observation, interviews, and literature. Examination methods Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Stages of virus examination by PCR method includes necropsy samples, RNA extraction, amplification, electrophoresis, and the diagnosis results using UV transluminator. Fish samples were examined VNN virus consisting of a live fish and frozen fish both commodity exports, imports, or domestic. The results showed that all fish samples are negative infected with the virus VNN.


Allhough Croatia does not belong to countries thal have an especially rich mineral wealth, it has a long tradition of mining industry. Even the beginnings of internal oil exploilation occurred in the middle of the nineteenth century, at the time when the oil era began with the first oil-well in North America in 1859. The mining legislation in these areas is also very old, and it has been recognizable by the existence or the mining provisions and laws since the 16th century. Special mention has to be made of the Austrian General Mining Law of 1854. that was valid for all countries of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. In Croatia it remained in effect until 1945. Present mining legislation in Croatia has been brought into conformity with the new legal system of the Republic of Croatia, but also with the current mining legislation of Europe, primarily of Central Europe. The field of oil and gas exploration and exploitation in Croatia is covered chiefly by the provisions of the Mining Law but also by the Concessions Act, the Law on Geological Explorations and the Maritime Code. These legal regulations allow the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas to run smoothly from it mining-and-legal standpoint.


Purpose: Histogram‐based Monte Carlo(MC)source models for dose calculations in radiotherapy require methods to scale input data so as to match measured accelerator output. A previous study showed that the photon beam characteristics remain constant when the radial intensity distribution of the initial electron beam varies, but changes for different mean initial electron energies Ēe . This work investigates the dosimetricproperties of scatteredphoton subsources for different Ēe striking the target and evaluates the scaling needed for those subsources to match dose distributions resulted for different Ēe . Method and Materials: Test scenarios were performed for 6‐MV beams using Ēe = 5, 6.2 and 7 MeV and for 18‐MV beams using 17, 18, and 19 MeV. Histogram distributions for a previously developed MCsource model were created based on phase‐space data for these beams. 3D‐dose distributions for a 10×10‐cm2 field at SSDs 50, 100 and 200‐cm and a 30×30‐cm2 field at SSD 100‐cm were calculated in water using different subsource combinations. The dose distributions are normalized to the same integral dose for the depth dose curve of the 10×10 cm2 field at SSD 100 and compared based upon dose differences. Results: When scatteredphoton subsources associated with the 5‐MeV simulation were used with the 7‐MeV target subsource, <0.4% differences were found compared with using all the 7‐MeV subsources in all cases studied. Differences were reduced to <0.2% when using the 6.2‐MeV scattered subsources with the 7‐MeV target subsource and were <0.2% when using either 17‐ or 18‐MeV scatter subsources with the 19‐MeV target subsource for 18‐MV beams. Conclusion: These results suggest that apart from scaling the scattered subsource intensity, only the target subsource distributions need to be changed to adjust the histogram‐based source model to dosimetrically match accelerator outputs due to Ēe changes. Supported by Philips Medical Systems and ACS‐grant IRG‐73‐001‐28.


Mutant kinase kinetics: Protein kinases with enlarged ATP binding sites are increasingly being used as tools to probe the functioning signal transduction cascades. Using human cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 as a model system, we demonstrate that enlargement of the ATP binding site does not substantially alter either the catalysis kinetics nor substrate or phosphorylation site selection.


In the previous paper (l), we have described experiments which led us to propose sequences for all of the tryptic peptides of the 0 chain. In this study, our objective was to determine the order in which the tryptic peptides occur in the intact /? chain. For this purpose, we used pepsin to digest the p chain, since this enzyme has not been observed to cleave any bonds involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. Because the action of pepsin on the (Y chain produced a completely soluble digest from which all parts of the chain could be accounted for by isolated peptic peptides, this enzyme was given preference over chymotrypsin for use on the /3 chain. One of the difficulties in trying to account for all of the residues in the 01 chain was the presence of the cysteine residue with the sulfhydryl group present as such or in a disulfide linkage. Peptides from hemoglobin containing cysteine or disulfides failed to give discrete peaks when chromatographed. To avoid this difficulty, we attempted to cover the sulfhydryl groups in the /3 chain by carboxymethylation. We also used a shorter digestion time than had been employed with the CY chain in the hope of reducing the complexity of the mixture and thus facilitating the necessary separations. By the use of countercurrent distribution followed by ion exchange chromatography, we were able to isolate all of the overlap peptides required to reconstruct the original order of the tryptic peptides in the fi chain shown in Fig. 1.


Combining with pavement structure of Shao-huai expressway,permeability coefficient and percentage of air voids and mechanics intensity for Porous Cement-treated Permeable Base(PCTPB) are analysed and determined.Design Gradation Range of Aggregate and Technical specifications of aggregate and cement for PCTPB are suggested.Design Process of mixture and test method of valuation indices for PCTPB are recommended.Construction technology and test results of valuation indices for PCTPB are introduced.Result indicate that PCTPB studied and designed in this paper has good draining water performance,mechanical strength and anti-washout performance.


The diagrammatic approach is applied to study quasiparticle transport properties in two-dimensional d-wave superconductors with dilute, substitutional nonmagnetic impurities both in Born and in unitary limits. It is found that a novel quantum interference process gives rise to a weak-antilocalization correction to the spin conductivity, indicating the existence of extended low-energy quasiparticle states. When coming close to unitarity and nesting, this correction is suppressed and eventually vanishes due to the global particle-hole symmetry.


The Fourier coefficients of the non-holomorphic Eisenstein cusp forms of the Laplace-Beltrami operator are here summed. The summation is performed after the Dirichlet series related to the divisor function, after the properties of the meromorphic continuability; a new dependence on the Euler's γ constant is also found.


Polymer-supported dichlorotitanium dialkoxide was readily prepared from polystyrene-bound α-glycol and dichlorotitanium diisopropoxide. When we employed it as an immobilized Lewis acid catalyst, several fundamental and important Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions proceeded smoothly with fair chemical yields.


This article uses the British Business Census of Entrepreneurs (BBCE) to examine the history of entrepreneurship in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Scotland. The BBCE identifies every business proprietor listed in the 1851-1901 Scottish censuses, correcting for non-response issues. The BBCE, therefore, allows the whole population of Scottish entrepreneurs to be examined for the first time. These data are combined with a reweighted version of the 1911 Scottish Census report to allow the trends in entrepreneurial numbers and rates to be examined as a whole and broken down by sector and gender. The article also shows how entrepreneurship varied by location. This article offers support for previous work on Scottish entrepreneurship, notably stressing the continued importance of small-scale businesses. It also reveals that female entrepreneurship rates were far higher than previously thought. This article lays the groundwork for future studies of Scottish entrepreneurship using the BBCE data.


The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a variety of changes in people's lifestyles, including their exercise habits. This study examined changes in exercise habits in individuals of Armenian descent, before and after the emergence of COVID-19, to determine whether significant changes had occurred. Convenience sampling was used by distributing the study throughout Armenian organizations, culturally-relevant social media pages, websites, and email lists. Subjects were required to be at least 18 years of age and of Armenian descent. Survey data was collected between June and August of 2020 from 502 subjects on exercise history, health history, and anthropometry. Disease scores were assigned based on health status. Subjects with higher disease scores were 2.5 and 3.1 times more likely to not exercise prior to and after the pandemic, respectively, compared to subjects with lower disease scores (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in change in exercise frequency after the emergence of the pandemic. Additionally, subjects who only exercised in the gym prior to COVID-19 were more likely to decrease their exercise frequency compared to subjects who did not exercise at the gym or did not solely exercise at the gym (p<0.001). Clinicians should place greater emphasis on encouraging Armenian patients with high disease scores to exercise. Armenian patients should also be encouraged to diversify their exercise spaces beyond the gym in order to reduce the risk of decreasing exercise frequency in the event of gym closures due to unforeseen circumstances.


We consider the second price sealed bid auction of an object that the potential buyers value privately and independently. We show that a cartel's ex ante optimum, subject to incentive compatility and ex post balanced transfers, coincides with the first best and defines a supermodular characteristic function. By using two standard solution concepts, the core and the Shapley value, we show, among other properties, that every cartel is stable and that bidders gain in forming cartels whose size is as large as possible. We illustrate the difficulties to extend our results in the context of common values. Classification JEL : C71, D44. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)


The invention discloses a synthetic method of a brush type homopolymer and a brush type copolymer containing conjugate oligomeric branched chains. In the synthesis process of a novel monomer, a metal catalysis coupling reaction and an esterification reaction are adopted, so that conjugate alkene monomers such as oligo-containing polyfluorene, oligomeric benzene, oligomeric benzyne, oligomeric carbazole, oligomeric thiophene and the like are synthesized; and a way for grafting and grafting to is adopted, and radical polymerization (including atom transfer radical polymerization) are performed, so that a series of brush type homopolymers and copolymers with conjugate branched chains are obtained, homopolymerization, binary irregular copolymerization and block copolymerization, and ternary irregular copolymerization and block copolymerization of a monomer containing a conjugate branched chain are realized, and special brush type homopolymers and brush type copolymers are obtained. The synthetic method disclosed by the invention is simple, convenient and practicable; a synthesized brush type polymer has a controllable structure; and a three-dimensional structural design of a large molecular strain is realized, and combination of a conjugate structure and a brush type structure is realized, so that a polymer with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained.


The paper is dedicated to a philosophical consideration of the transformation strategies for higher education, particularly those revealed by the current Covid-19 pandemic. The situation of the latter is presented as a particular form of the general VUCA characteristics of the today's world of uncertainty, unpredictability and qualitative complexity ('supercomplexity'). It is argued that the main result of our acknowledgement of the VUCA situation in the world for higher education is the image of the developed human personality becoming the main value and at the same time the main goal of higher education. Under the conditions of volatility and ambiguity, any existing 'ready-made' knowledge, as well as any instructions for effective rational behavior, turns to be inadequate. Because of that, it is no longer sufficient to have a set of 'competences' as a final result of the educational process at today's university. Higher education has to turn to developing in its graduates certain multidisciplinary qualities, like critical independent thinking and ability to create one's own knowledge, up to aiming at an all-round development of cultured personality. The paper argues that the education of critical and creative thinking is closely related to the transition to student-centered learning, as each individual student is to become a full-powered subject of the educational process according to one's own interests, abilities and curricula, with the role of a teacher starting to resemble that of a moderator, the one who is to help his or her undergraduates to navigate through the vast ocean of available information in order for them to choose and to create their own, personal knowledge. The latter task is especially enforced by the distant and online learning having become popular during the Covid-19 pandemic: that form of learning puts especially high demands on self-discipline and self-responsibility of a student's personality, while presenting itself as rather a supplement than a replacement to more traditional forms of higher education with personal communication between student and teacher.


Recently Altarelli, Curci, Martinelli, and Petrarca have calculated the second order corrections induced by quantum chromodynamics to the effective weak Hamiltonian in Δc = 1 processes. We extend t...


MCAM(MCNP Automatic Modeling) is a computer aided modeling tool of MCNP(Monte Carlo Neutral Particle) with our own copyright.The optimization technology within this software is discussed.The BREP→CSG conversion algorithm is the core in MCAM,and it is possible to improve the algorithm using 3D feature recognition technology.The paper discusses the necessity and possibility of introducing 3D feature recognition technology and introduces the improved BREP→CSG conversion algorithm based on "feature conversion".The effect of the algorithm is described as well.


Various critical cases have been transported since the use of the Kanagawa Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) started at Tokai University Hospital (Isehara, Japan) in 2002, including cases of acute poisoning. We analyzed the characteristics of acute poisoning cases conveyed by the HEMS.


In this very modern era, it does not rule out the possibility that Indonesian children, especially students, prefer things that are more modern, so that in learning there are already many media that can be used to attract students' learning interests so that they become motivated in learning. Mathematics is a subject that students are least interested in, very few enthusiasts are therefore interactive media learning mathematics can be useful in attracting students' attention to learn mathematics. The media used can make students have a high level of interest and curiosity so students become more active, creative and have a higher enthusiasm for learning.


The economic oriented hospital performance management could easily make the department of pharmacy to pursue profit maximization. As a result, certain of the most important function of the department of pharmacy might be lost. Based on the key workloads and the main function of the pharmacy department, a new performance system of the pharmacy department's by KPI method was set up.


In Uganda, ethnicity has manifested itself in overtly negative terms and has been a source of conflict rather than unification. Throughout Uganda's political history, ethnicity has been a major factor behind murderous campaigns, social-economic exclusion and political control. This paper maps the divisive role of ethnicity in Uganda from the colonial era under the protectorate government, followed by Edward Muteesa's regime, then the Milton Obote presidential era, the Idi Amin regime and finally the incumbent Yoweri Museveni regime. The critical approach employed in this paper serves to shed light on all contentious ethnicity related events that have shaped the social, economic and political landscape in Uganda.


Emergent perspectives in marketing highlight new opportunities for co-opting customers as a means to define and cocreate value through their participation. This study delineates and empirically tests hypotheses regarding the effects of customer participation (CP) on value creation and satisfaction for both customers and employees with different cultural value orientations in the context of professional financial services. Using data collected from 349 pairs of customers and service employees in two national groups (Hong Kong and the United States) of a global financial institution, this study examines how (1) CP drives performance outcomes (i.e., customer satisfaction, employee job satisfaction, and employee job performance) through the creation of economic and relational values and (2) the effects of CP on value creation depend on participants' cultural value orientations. Promoting CP could be a double-edged sword for firms: CP enhances customers' economic value attainment and strengthens the relational bond between customers and employees, but it also increases employees' job stress and hampers their job satisfaction. Moreover, the effects of CP on value creation depend on the cultural values of both customers and service employees; this result implies that arranging customers and service employees with "matched" cultural value orientations could facilitate the creation of value through CP.


I am delighted that the BMJ recognises the importance of bicycles to international health.1 However, the article is seriously flawed. First reports in a new field tend to be the most cited, regardless of subsequent and contrary evidence from better designed studies. Why has the BMJ allowed open access to this work? Now, rather than …


In 154 blood samples from adult and pediatric liver transplant recipients with variable degrees of hepatic and renal dysfunction, the specific monoclonal antibody-based Sandimmune RIA kit gave CsA results that were highly correlated with HPLC values. In contrast, assay of CsA levels with the PARIA in 213 samples showed values that varied between 1.8 and 18.8 times those determined by HPLC. In adults, the extent of this variation in the CsA HPLC/PARIA ratio was highly correlated with values of BIL and to a lesser extent with serum ALP; additionally, in children, correlations with AST and GGT were noted.


Habitual aerobic exercise is hypothesized to attenuate age‐related declines in cognitive performance mediated in part by alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). However, cross‐sectional studies using fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging demonstrate paradoxically lower CVR (cerebral blood flow response to experimental hypercapnia) among middle‐aged and older (MA/O) adults with high compared with low aerobic fitness.1,2 It remains unknown if greater moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or initiating chronic aerobic exercise training in previously inactive MA/O adults alters CVR to hypercapnia. We hypothesized that 1) greater MVPA and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) is associated with lower CVR; 2) CVR is attenuated after 3‐months of habitual aerobic exercise training in previously inactive MA/O adults.


This paper describes how a program called dup can be used to locate instances of duplication or near-duplication in a software system. Dup reports both textually identical sections of code and sections that are the same textually except for systematic substitution of one set of variable names and constants for another. Further processing locates longer sections of code that are the same except for other small modifications. Experimental results from running dup on millions of lines from two large software systems show dup to be both effective at locating duplication and fast. Applications could include identifying sections of code that should be replaced by procedures, elimination of duplication during reengineering of the system, redocumentation to include references to copies, and debugging.


In 1902, Wolff proposed a mechanism to explain the formation of carboxylic acids from diazo-oxides; Sus in 1944 invoked this same mechanism for the formation of indene carboxylic acid from diazo-oxides. Since these materials are currently used in the well known class of AZ photoresists, the Sus mechanism has been referred to many times to explain the positive working nature of the photoresists. In spite of the widespread use and industrial importance of the AZ resists, the validity of the Sus mechanism had not been unequivocally demonstrated to any degree of satisfaction. For these reasons, photochemical studies were initiated to establish the following: (1) Obtain direct spectroscopic evidence for ketene intermediates in the Wolff rearrangement of diazooxides. (2) Determine the reactivity of the ketene towards water and hydroxyl containing organic compounds. (3) Determine the reactivity of the ketene in the AZ resists. Fundamental photochemical decomposition mechanisms have been established for the AZ-type photoresists; these and recent theoretical results on the Wolff rearrangement are used to convey the technological implications of the studies.


Inactivation of tp53 by chromosome/gene loss or loss-of function mutation is frequently observed in therapy-associated acute myeloid leukemia. Tp53 mutations associate with complex and monosomal karyotypes and provide the strongest predictive risk factor in this subgroup. ASPP2 is an independent tumor suppressor. We have previously shown that ASPP2 expression is attenuated in acute leukemia via methylation by unknown mechanisms. We now provide evidence that attenuation of ASPP2 expression may act as an early leukemia-initiating event - facilitating acquisition of structural chromosomal aberrations and loss of its binding partner p53. We found low ASPP2 mRNA and protein expression levels in complex karyotype AML, arguing for a role of ASPP2 loss in leukemogenesis. To evaluate for malignant transformation we engineered IL3-dependant murine Ba/F3 cells and stably silenced ASPP2 expression using retroviral-induced shRNA, Interestingly, only ASPP2(ko) cell strains could be successfully weaned from IL3 dependence - suggesting that loss of ASPP2 expression promoted cellular transformation. In contrast, empty vector control cells did not survive the weaning process. As expected, cellular proliferation was enhanced in the ASPP2(ko) cell lines as measured by standard XTT and CSFE protocols. To study how loss of ASPP2 could promote transformation, we performed cytogenetic analysis of the chromosome set of parental (+IL3) vs. gamma-irradiated empty vector controls (+IL3) and ASPP2(ko) cell strains (-IL3) with and without irradiation (+/- stress enforcement using gamma irradiation, 2 x 5Gy). Gamma irradiation did not significantly alter cytogenic analysis between the empty vector controls compared to the parental cells. Tantalizingly however, we found a consistent chromosomal loss of chr8, der8 and der19 - and, most intriguingly, loss of chromosome 11 (which locates tp53 in mice), and a monosomal karyotype in the ASPP2-attenuated cells. In addition, several marker chromosomes (6-8 in ASPP2i vs. 0-2 in empty vector controls were identified. We are now in the process of verifying our findings in knockout native human bone marrow blasts. Conclusions: Our findings provide novel evidence that loss of ASPP2 contributes to malignant transformation by promoting genomic instability as measured by increased cytogenetic abnormalities after gamma-irradiation. These findings may have important relevance for the pathogenesis of therapy-associated AML - but also of hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is as well associated with tp53 loss-of-function and predicted for a dismal outcome. Studies are ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms of how loss of ASPP2 expression promotes human AML, as well as restore ASPP2 function as a novel therapeutic pathway to exploit in treating AML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Since early 2019, the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard Chang'e‐4 (CE‐4)'s Yutu‐2 rover has been gathering data relating to the subsurface structure of the Von Kármán crater within the South Pole‐Aitken Basin (SPA) on the lunar farside. Low‐frequency radar data have the potential of carrying geological information of about 300 m worth of strata below the traversed path. Forty‐two days' data have revealed a bifurcated structure within the layered structure beneath the CE‐4 surveying area for the first time, affecting the overlying reflectors between 90 and 310 m. This study suggests that, based on the morphological characteristics, thickness, depth (timing sequence) and direction of the newly found structure, its origin might be linked to the deposition of ejecta from the Schrödinger impact. The local stratigraphy is interpreted as consisting of distinct geological layers, corresponding to the superposition of ejecta from different impact craters, paleo‐regolith, and basaltic lava flows.


The universality of critical phenomena is best explained by appeal to the Renormalization Group (RG). Batterman and Morrison, among others, have claimed that this explanation is irreducible. I argue that the RG account is reducible but that the higher-level explanation ought not to be eliminated. I demonstrate that the key assumption on which the explanation relies—the scale invariance of critical systems—can be explained in lower-level terms. However, we should not replace the RG explanation with a bottom-up account; rather, we should acknowledge that the explanation appeals to dependencies that may be traced down to lower levels.


Powdered polychloroprene rubber (PCR-244) was prepared by the direct condensation, and the influence of agglomerator kinds and dosages on powdering of PCR-244 were investigated, including trivalent salt (aluminum chloride), divalent salt (magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride) and monovalent salt (sodium chloride, potassium chloride). The result showed that powder chloroprene rubber could be used as adhesive material that calcium chloride was used as agglomerator.


The synchronized astable multivibrator bridge using time delay between pulses, is a new temperature- stabilized linear transducer and a measuring device with a digital counter of R or C parameter changes or corresponding nonelectric quantities. It is used as an error detector, compatible with an electronic relay, bistable multivibrator or corresponding flip-flop integrated circuit, in a simple and reliable on-off servomechanism whose hysteresis or dead zone corresponds to relative changes of a variable element of about 10-5. This servomechanism is convenient for measurement, control, command or recording, especially for remote operations. Applied with thyristors it can be used as a sensitive and contactless thermostat or switcher.


Abstract: The late fifth-century or sixth-century AD writer Fulgentius appears to quote Stesimbrotus of Thasos for a grisly detail of the death of Polycrates, describing how his corpse was carried away on a stretcher. Fulgentius is not a source to command confidence, and Jacoby dismisses this fragment as 'unecht' without further discussion. There is a case for being more cautious. It is not impossible that Stesimbrotus described Polycrates' death, and, if so, Herodotus may be setting himself against that narrative when he says that Polycrates was killed 'in a way which does not bear mentioning'. There may be a broader sense too in which both Herodotus and Thucydides are 'defining their narratives against' the work of Stesimbrotus among others.


BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) performed under the guidance of thoracic ultrasonography (USG) for the diagnosis of thoracic lesions such as peripheral lung lesions, pleural lesions, mediastinal lesions, and chest wall or supraclavicular metastases of lung lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases with thoracic lesions that were found eligible for biopsy by thoracic USG and underwent FNAB between January 2008 and December 2016 were included in the study. Demographical characteristics and radiological findings of the cases, lesion size as detected by USG, sonographic patterns, number of FNABs per lesion, diagnosis based on FNAB, final diagnosis of inconclusive cases and the methods used to establish the final diagnosis, and developed complications were recorded. RESULTS: FNAB was performed for peripheral lung lesion in 188 (72.6%), mediastinal mass in 23 (8.9%), chest wall metastasis of lung tumor in 23 (8.9%), supraclavicular lymph node metastasis of lung tumor in 18 (6.9%), and pleural lesion in 7 (2.7%) cases. The corresponding diagnostic accuracy was 78.7%, 78.2%, 95.6%, 94.4% and 85.7%, respectively. A diagnosis could be made in 211 (81.4%) of 259 cases (195 [92.4%] malignant and 16 [7.6%] benign). The overall diagnostic success of the procedure was 81.4%, and the success rate to diagnose malignant and benign lesions was 81.9% and 76.1%, respectively. Pneumothorax which needs pleural tube in placement was seen in five patients, with peripheral lesion as the major complication. CONCLUSION: USG-guided FNAB performed for thoracic lesions is associated with a high rate of diagnostic success (81.4%) and a low rate of major complications (1.9%).


PURPOSE
The incidence of femoral localized periosteal thickening (LPT), which can precede atypical femoral fracture (AFF), is not low (1-10%) in Japanese patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs). We explored the associations between underlying AIRDs and the prevalence of LPT.

METHODS
We conducted post-hoc analyses of two cohorts that included a total of 280 Japanese women, 105 of whom had AIRDs and had been taking bisphosphonate (BP) and prednisolone (PSL), and 175 of whom had rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

RESULTS
LPT was detected in a total of 18 patients (6.4%) and three (1.1%) developed AFFs. RA was negatively correlated with LPT. A disease other than RA requiring glucocorticoid treatment, BP use ≥ 5 years, PSL use ≥ 7 years, and a PSL dose ≥ 5.5 mg/day were positively correlated with LPT. After adjusting for age, diabetes mellitus, and BP duration or daily PSL dose, RA was no longer associated with LPT.

CONCLUSION
LPT in Japanese patients with AIRDs was associated with BP and glucocorticoid treatment rather than underlying AIRDs. When a PSL dose ≥ 5.5 mg/day is required long-term (typically combined with long-term BP treatment [≥ 5 years]), clinicians need to pay particular attention in case LPT and AFF, as well as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.


The present invention relates to a method based on H.264 / AVC macroblock structure and texture of the H.264 / AVC to a transcoding method and a transcoder H.265 / HEVC, the method comprising: extracting H.264 / AVC coding standard to code stream of an inter macroblock partition mode information; the H.264 / AVC four 16x16 macro blocks combined into a 32x32 large macroblock; 4 Analyzing each 32x32 macroblock large 16x16 macroblock 4 whether to divide the 16x16 mode are divided, if not, using the direct mapping maps the macroblock partition mode to H.265 / HEVC encoding mode; if yes, with texture mode determination method based on a large macroblock 32x32 other determination mode, the determination mode is selected as the divided macroblock partition mode H.265 / HEVC encoding; for H.265 / HEVC stream encoded according to the H.265 / HEVC coded macroblock partition mode. Using the method of the present invention by selecting H.264 / AVC partition mode in macro block information in the bitstream, transcoding speeds up, the effect of improving the coding.


Electromagnetic metasurfaces are structured surfaces consisting of a thin array of subwavelength elements with engineered scattering properties, thus providing a promising means of holographic display by controlling the field distributions. However, the existing metasurface holography has limited capabilities in achieving 3-D fields with simultaneous features of high spatial resolution and energy efficiency due to the design methods. In this work, we present a transmissive metasurface to achieve polarization-dependent field distributions in 3-D space with both high resolution and efficiency. In the design, a new method that utilizes dyadic Green's function (DGF) as the rigorous propagator is used. Using the method, the sources and fields are linked directly and can be located on arbitrary 3-D points with the intermediate spaces being equal or unequal. The design is successfully validated by full-wave simulations and experimental measurements. The broadband simulation results indicate that the design has a bandwidth of 0.8 GHz. This work demonstrates a feasible and simple route of field synthesis for real-world applications that require high resolution, high efficiency, and 3-D scenarios.


107.45 A surprising property of a tennis-like game Introduction In essence, a tennis game is won by the first side to win four points with a margin of at least two points. If the game becomes tied at 3-3 (deuce), play will continue until one side achieves the two point margin. Assuming the sides are equally matched, the serving side generally has the advantage of winning each point because the server alone determines the initial placement, velocity and spin of the ball. The receiver can only react defensively. Since one side serves the entire game, the serving side is favoured to win the game itself. (For professional players the serving side is expected to win roughly 60% to 80% of its games, assuming the sides are equally matched. This advantage is neutralised when playing a full set, where the winner must win at least six games by a margin of at least two games and the serve alternates after each game.) The intent here is not to offer an improvement of the standard game. Rather, it is to reveal the highly counterintuitive nature of server bias for a contrived mini-game similar to tennis.


In this paper, we extend the concept of β-absorbing submodules to φ-β-absorbingsubmodules over a commutative ring with nonzero identity which is a generalization of 2-absorbing submodules. Let S(M) be the set of all submodules of M and φ : S(M) → S(M)∪{∅} be a function. A proper submodule P of M is called a φ-β-absorbing submodule, if for each r, s ∈ R and m ∈ M with rsm ∈ P\φ(P), then rs + rs ∈ (P : M) or r(m + m) ∈ P or s(m + m) ∈ P. Some of the properties and characterizations of φ-β-absorbing submodules are investigated.


A discussion of an earlier paper with the aforementioned title by C.F. Leung, Y.K. Chow, and R.F. Shen, published in this journal (Volume 126, Number 11, November 2000), is presented. The authors are commended for presenting valuable results from centrifuge model tests on piles subject to excavation-induced lateral soil movement. The main objectives of this discussion are to: 1) comment on the authors' interpretation of the effects of soil yield on the pile response; and 2) to demonstrate that the centrifuge test results presented in the original paper can be back-calculated using relatively simple published design charts. Closure from the original authors is provided.


This meeting was held in the historic city of Durham, northeastern England, 8-10^th July,with 145 limestone lovers attending from all round the world, some came from as far afield as Australia, India and Japan, and there were 30 from North America. This series of meetings was started by Robin Bathurst in 1959 and the first 8 were held in Liverpool,where Robin was lecturer and then professor of geology. The aim has always been to have a small focused conference with plenty of time for discussion.


Objective To understand the situation in management and control of diarrhetic shellfish poisons in the world and the gap between China and other advanced ones,and then propose proper advice for improving the system of laws and regulations concerned in this country. Methods The laws and documents of some related organizations and countries and some published scientific literatures concerning the management and control of diarrhetic shellfish poisons were reviewed and compared. Results The major measure for the management of diarrhetic shellfish poisons is adopting the maximum limit of diarrhetic shellfish poisons in foods and strictly limiting criteria have been formulated in EU,USA and Japan for control the content of diarrhetic shellfish poisons in foods.The limited level of different countries varies greatly. Conclusion The levels of economic development and trade interests affect the management of diarrhetic shellfish poisons.As far as our country is concerned,we have to enhance the management and control of diarrhetic shellfish poisons to protect the people's health and protect the trade interests.


As a novel environmental technology,non-thermal plasma catalysis technology has advantages of low energy-consuming,convenience,no byproducts etc. The basic principles of the technology were introduced in this paper and the research advances on the removal of VOCs,NOx and exhaust gas of motor vehicles were reviewed. Finally,the further development and unredeemed problems of the technology for exhaust gas were presented.


The low-temperature luminescence of benzamide and six additional N-arylbenzamides has been investigated in a methyltetrahydrofuran glass. The luminescence of microcrystalline benzamide has also bee...


Labyrinth seal designs for reduced leakage have been analyzed by three-dimensional CFD simulations. The objective is to learn the effect of seal geometry modifications on total leakage through the seal and arrive at an advanced seal setting for improved seal effectiveness through reduction in leakage. Numerical modeling of the flow field were conducted at various operating conditions. The baseline seal model for this study is a conventional straight-through rotating four-tooth labyrinth seal and static honeycomb land having symmetrical hexagonal cells. The tooth design configurations include stepped single & double notched straight and inclined teeth. Another objective is to learn the effect of staggered honeycomb land with respect to rotor/teeth rotation. The effect of teeth inclination & teeth rotation compared to stationary is also discussed. CFD results indicate improved seal effectiveness with staggered honeycomb cell land. The maximum improvement of ∼9% was observed with stepped and notched inclined teeth configuration when combined with staggered honeycomb land. The leakage reduction leading to improvement in seal effectiveness as compared to baseline configuration is largely due to higher flow resistance, higher turbulence and higher blockages by introducing vortex in leakage flow through step and cavities.


Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RubisCO) regulates photosynthesis and photorespiration. It is a key enzyme to control the net photosynthesis in plants. It is one of the most abundent soluble proteins in plant also. The enzyme generally exists in plant and some of microorganisms. Some advance in the research of RubisCO was reviewed , It contains the properties、the structure and the function、gene engineering、the activity regulation of RubisCO and its activase.


Although it is widely understood that there remain many important and interesting technical, regulatory and business issues to be resolved, the transport infrastructure for community networking is quickly becoming a reality. However, a crucial area that has received less attention up to the present time is the architecture of a software infrastructure that enables the broad range of multimedia communications applications which must be part of a comprehensive and successful community network. Such an infrastructure, sometimes called a "middleware" layer, provides a set of critical core services to the application programmer. Beyond basic transport of media streams, such services include user authentication, usage accounting, discovery and allocation of special resources, directory services (for, e.g., users, service providers and available events), and flexible multiparty multimedia session control.<<ETX>>


Expressing sensation and thought directly, Ask and Answer Fu response Shi's pursuing and losing, contradiction and disengagement, faith's puzzle and afresh firm truly in unified nation.These works represent Shi's merit and fame consciousness, suffering consciousness, logosconsciousness, and part consciousness.


Acrosin (ACR), a serine proteinase located in the acrosome of the sperm, has been presumed to be involved in the recognition and binding of the sperm to the zona pellucida of the ovum and the sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. To examine the function of acrosin in vivo, we have generated mice carrying a mutation at the acrosin locus (Acr) through targeted disruption in embryonic stem (ES) cells. One chimeric male and female transmitted the targeted gene through their germ line. Homozygous Acr+/− mice are fertile and yield litters comparable in number and size to those of Acr+/− mice. These data show that sperm of the homozygous Acr+/− mice are able to penetrate the zona pellucida, fertilize the ovum, and produce viable offspring. However, spermatozoa lacking acrosin protein show a delayed fertilization. One chimeric male which contained the targeted gene in 20% of its sperm transmitted only the Acr+ allele to its progeny. Furthermore, in vitro fertilization with equally mixed sperm cells of Acr+/− and Acr+/− mice resulted in fertilization only with the Acr+ sperm cells. Incubation of oocytes with Acr+ or Acr− sperm show that the Acr− sperm are faster to fertilize the oocytes than the Acr+ sperm cells. These results suggest that Acr− sperm have a selective disadvantage when they are in competition with Acr+ sperm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46:370–376, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In the context of touch-based object localisation, solving the problem of "where to sense next" is a challenging task due to the curse of dimensionality related to belief-state reasoning. We present a constrained optimisation scheme that computes the next best action maximising the trade off between (i) the localisation information gain, (ii) the time required for its computation, and (iii) the motion-execution time. This allows the robot programmer to have a deterministic influence on the length of every sensing action. The proposed methodology is applied to localise a solid object in 3D using a Staubli RX90 robot equipped with a force-torque sensor coupled with a spherical end effector. A case-study comparison of the task executed with two different time constraints is presented.


The dihydroquinoxaline moiety, with the exception of the N atom, is essentially planar with the attached phenyl ring inclined to it by 11.64 (6)° and the inner part of the methylpropanoate group nearly perpendicular to it. In the crystal, inversion dimers formed by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are connected into oblique stacks by π-stacking and C—H⋯π(ring) interactions.


Introduction:
 Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the leading cause of combined morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only FDA-approved drug to treat AIS, however, it is limited to treating patients within 4.5 hours of stroke onset because of the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. This limits rtPA administration to ~6% of patients. Moreover, it poorly lyses large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) effectively recanalizes LVO but is limited to highly specialized hospitals, leaving the majority without acute therapy.

 Hypothesis:
 We hypothesize that targeted von Willebrand Factor (VWF) inhibition by DTRI-031 will recanalize arterial thrombosis in a canine model of LVO stroke, and DTRI-031 activity will be rapidly reversed by DTRI-025, which is specifically designed to inhibit DTRI-031.

 Methods:
 Utilizing a canine embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) model of LVO stroke, we assessed DTRI-031 on vessel recanalization after 6 hours of LVO stroke by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We also measured the effect of recanalization on infarct volume (efficacy) and hemorrhage (safety) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, we assessed the ability of DTRI-025, an oligonucleotide that binds DTRI-031 to reverse DTRI-031 activity.

 Results:
 DTRI-031 administration after 6 hours of LVO stroke resulted in ≥TICI 2A in 62.5% and ≥TICI 2B in 50% of canines (n=8). The negative control group demonstrated no revascularization (n=7). Recanalization resulted in reduced infarct volume compared to the negative control (p<0.05, unpaired t-test). None of the animals that received DTRI-031 had an intracranial hemorrhage on MRI. Finally, DTRI-025 completely reversed the activity of DTRI-031 within 5 minutes of administration in both whole blood impedance aggregometry (WBA) and PFA-100. There was no difference in heart rate, blood pressure, or temperature among the 3 groups studied.

 Conclusion:
 DTRI-031 effectively recanalizes LVO after 6 hours of stroke onset with reduced infarct volume and no incidence of hemorrhage. DTRI-025 rapidly reverses DTRI-031. This drug/reversal agent combination represents a robust yet safe approach to treat AIS.


Experiment showed that extractive methods and technology had evident effect on white content and chromatic aberration of Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla timber.They could be controlled by the quantity of extracti- yes with proper extractive technology.


In this paper, we address the problem of routing optimisation in the backbone of a surveillance network. A surveillance mission is characterised by the employment and collaboration of several agents processing diverse information sources' inputs in order to ensure a surveillance task. These communications rely in a predefined network infrastructure containing mobile nodes and static backbone nodes. As the backbone network is private and configurable, a global routing algorithm can be set up in order to optimise information exchange. We propose to model this problem as a single path multicommodity flow problem SMCFP, where several commodities are to be shared. The considered objective function is to minimise the overall network congestion. As the complexity of the SPMFP is NP-Hard, a multi-start tabu search MTS is proposed as a solution approach. The empirical validation is done using a simulation environment called Inform Lab containing real instances of surveillance cases. A comparison to a state-of-the-art ant colony system ACS approach is performed based on two large testbeds. The same instances are optimally solved using CPLEX. The experimental results show that the MTS produces considerably better results than the ACS.


One of the main difficulties with contemporary materialism is the risk of epiphenomenalism: if mental properties systematically depend on physical properties, how can they have causal efficiency? Davidson's anomalous monism' only solves this problem through a "feeble" understanding of the individuation of events and with relative imprecision as to the pertinence of causal explanations formulated in psychological terms. Nor do other conceptions of the individuation of events and the causal power of mental states, as that of Kim and of Jackson and Pettit, solve the problem. It will not then be solved by modifying the theory of the individuation of events.


A hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed to search the optimal solution of mobile agent multi-task matching and scheduling problem. The problem model and chromosome representation are defined. The initial population is generated by the taboo search and random selecting method. And a new crossover mechanism is designed to make the new scheduling evolved by crossover mechanism valid. To accelerate the algorithm convergence, taboo search and tasks load mutation operator is adopted. Also the best chromosome preserving strategy is adopted to keep optimal solution non-decreasing performance. Simulation results of 18 graphs combined by 2 kinds of task nodes, 3 kinds of communication costs and 3 kinds of host nodes show that the algorithm can get 37.1% improvement compared with standard genetic algorithm.


We develop a formalism for the calculation of the macroscopic dielectric response of composite systems made of particles of one material embedded periodically within a matrix of another material, each of which is characterized by a well-defined dielectric function. The nature of these dielectric functions is arbitrary, and could correspond to dielectric or conducting, transparent or opaque, absorptive and dispersive materials. The geometry of the particles and the Bravais lattice of the composite are also arbitrary. Our formalism goes beyond the long-wavelength approximation as it fully incorporates retardation effects. We test our formalism through the study of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional photonic crystals made of periodic arrays of cylindrical holes in a dispersionless dielectric host. Our macroscopic theory yields a spatially dispersive macroscopic response which allows the calculation of the full photonic band structure of the system, as well as the characterization of its normal modes, upon substitution into the macroscopic field equations. We can also account approximately for the spatial dispersion through a local magnetic permeability and analyze the resulting dispersion relation, obtaining a region of left handedness.


The invention relates to a rotor mechanism of a twister. The rotor mechanism comprises a supporting shaft, wherein a central through hole is formed in the supporting shaft, a twisting body is sleeved to the supporting shaft, and the upper part of the twisting body is sleeved to the supporting shaft. The rotor mechanism is characterized in that an outer silk yarn through hole communicated with the central through hole is formed slantwise at one side of the lower part of the twisting body, and an inner silk yarn through hole communicated with the central through hole is vertically formed in the bottom of the twisting body. The rotor mechanism of the twister is simple in structure, capable of ensuring the intersection of inner and outer silk yarns in the central line of the central through hole of the supporting shaft, and also capable of reliably guaranteeing even tension of the silk yarns and thus meeting the process requirements of yarn twisting.


In the latest passenger car motor oil specifications the Sequence IIIG engine test is used to determine the ability of lubricants to control piston deposits. We have analyzed the chemical composition of Sequence IIIG deposits in order to determine the source of the piston deposits and determine if the mechanism for deposit formation in the Sequence IIIG engine test is similar to previously published mechanisms for formation of high temperature engine deposits. These previous mechanisms show that combustion by-products react with lubricant in the piston ring zone. The mixture of combustion by-products and lubricant are oxidized to form deposit precursors which are further oxidized to form deposits. Since the Sequence IIIG engine test uses lead-free fuel it is important to reexamine the nature of piston deposits formed in gasoline engines and in particular in the Sequence IIIG engine test. Using thermogravimetric, infrared and SEM/EDS analyses we discovered that Sequence IIIG deposits contain a significant amount of carbonaceous material. This carbonaceous material appears to be a deposit formed by the Sequence IIIG fuel. In addition, the Sequence IIIG deposits are quite different from Sequence IIIE deposits since they do not appear to be nitrated or contain lead sulfate.


Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of global childhood deaths, despite the availability of World Health Organization (WHO)-prequalified pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) products and the evidence of their safety and efficacy for over two decades, along with financial and technical support from Gavi The Vaccine Alliance (Gavi). There are 39 remaining "last-mile" countries (33 low- and middle-income countries [LMICs] and 6 high-income countries) that haven't fully included PCV in their National Immunization Programs. To address this inequitable distribution of PCV, we conducted a rapid assessment and landscaping exercise of country indicators related to barriers and facilitators for PCV decision-making, aiming to categorize countries into archetypes that could benefit from shared advocacy approaches. The archetype analysis first created a country matrix focused on three domains - health characteristics, immunization factors, and policy framework - and identified 10 related indicators. Countries were scored based on indicator performance and subsequently ranked and grouped into three overarching archetypes of low-, moderate-, and high-barrier to PCV introduction. 15 countries were classified as "low-barrier," indicating that they have more factors favorable for PCV introduction, such as high immunization coverage of common childhood vaccines, recent "new" vaccine introductions, and supportive governments, as well as substantial disease burden and eligibility for Gavi support. Most of the countries classified in the "moderate-barrier" (12 countries) and "high-barrier" (6 countries) archetypes have strong immunization systems, but competing country priorities and cost barriers impede policy decision-making on PCV introduction. Other countries require strengthening of their health systems despite political will. The barrier-based categorization can provide an actionable framework to design tailored PCV advocacy that addresses obstacles to new vaccine introductions within these "last-mile" countries. Implementation approaches that emerge from this framework can lead to strengthened decision-making on vaccine introduction and mobilization of investments in vaccine access that can enhance child survival worldwide.


Citation for published version (Harvard): McLeod, A, Weir, A, Aitken, C, Gunson, R, Templeton, K, Molyneaux, P, McIntyre, P, McDonald, S, Goldberg, D & Hutchinson, S 2014, 'Rise in testing and diagnosis associated with Scotland's hepatitis C action plan on hepatitis C and introduction of dried blood spot testing.', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-204451


RoCEv2 (RDMA over Converged Ethernet version 2) is typically used in a PFC-enabled lossless network for high performance, but PFC can cause side effects, such as head-of-line (HoL) blocking and congestion spreading. Optimizing packet loss recovery mechanisms in lossy networks can enhance RDMA network performance, but packet loss can increase FCT of short flows and waste network resources. This paper proposes a novel concept of semi-lossless networks to exploit the advantages of lossless and lossy networks, and reduce their negative effects. Our proposed solution, Selective PFC (S-PFC), implements semi-lossless networks in two dimensions. First, S-PFC ensures no packet loss for short flows while timely dropping long flows. Second, S-PFC guarantees no packet loss at the network edge to prevent premature packet loss and unnecessary resource waste. Typical data center network scenarios and large-scale simulations show that S-PFC can accommodate different traffic demands effectively.


The impact of in-migration to the southwest from the rest of China is analyzed for the period 1250 to 1850. Two major periods of in-migration are identified the first taking place under the Yuan-Ming dynasties and the second during the Qing dynasty. The relative impact of migration by Han Chinese and by minority nationalities is considered. (ANNOTATION)


Objective
To assess the enhancement characteristics of plaques in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis using three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (3D HR MRI), and to analyze the correlation between the enhancement characteristics of plaques and the time from onset of stroke symptoms to MRI examination.

Methods
The enhancement characteristics of plaques were retrospectively analyzed in 61 patients with cerebral infarction who were scanned in MRI room of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from January 2014 to January 2016. According to the elapsed time between symptom onset and MR examination, 61 patients were classified into early stage group ( 12 weeks, n=15). All cases underwent three-dimensional sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different angle evolutions (3D-SPACE) T1WI and enhanced 3D-SPACE T1WI sequence scans, as well as routine head MRI examinations. The signal intensities of plaques before and after enhancement scanning were compared on the 3D-SPACE T1WI sequence. The degrees of plaque enhancement were qualitatively analyzed, and the enhancement rates of plaques were quantitatively calculated. The correlation between the enhancement characteristics of plaques and time of symptom onset of stroke was analyzed.

Results
Sixty-one intracranial atherosclerotic plaques on the 3D HR MRI showed eccentric thickening or annular thickening of the vessel wall, and slightly higher signals on the T1WI. They showed different degrees of enhancement or no enhancement after enhancement scans. The characteristics of plaque enhancement in 61 patients with cerebral infarction were analyzed. The results showed that 26 plaques in the early stage group were obviously enhanced for 21 cases (80.8%), mildly enhanced for 4 cases (15.4%), no enhancement for 1 case (3.8%), and the enhancement rate was 80.49%±18.64%. Twenty plaques in the middle stage group were obviously enhanced for 2 cases (10.0%), mildly enhanced for 14 cases (70.0%), no enhancement for 4 cases (20.0%), and the enhancement rate was 52.09%±18.17%. Fifteen plaques in the late stage group were mildly enhanced for 2 cases (2/15), no enhancement for 13 cases (13/15), and the enhancement rate was 12.16%±10.44%. There were statistically significant differences in the degrees of plaque enhancement and plaque enhancement rates among the three groups (χ2=22.834, P<0.01; F=78.403, P<0.01). Further analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the degree of enhancement and enhancement rate of plaques between the early stage group and the middle stage group (χ2=-4.177, P<0.01; t=5.179, P<0.01), and there was a statistically significant difference between the middle stage group and the late stage group (χ2=-2.484, P<0.05; t′=8.189, P<0.01), and the difference between the early stage group and the late stage group was also statistically significant (χ2=-3.796, P<0.01; t′=15.044, P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the time from onset of stroke symptoms to MRI examination and the enhancement rate of plaques (r=-0.903, P<0.01).

Conclusions
Enhanced HR MRI scanning can clearly show the enhancement of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques. With the prolongation of the onset time interval, the enhancement of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques gradually weakens, which can assess the vulnerability of plaques and has important guiding significance for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.

Key words:
Magnetic resonance imaging; Plaque; Stroke; Atherosclerosis


The article deals with the presence of physical education in the  Revista do Ensino  de Minas Gerais ( Magazine of Teaching of Minas Gerais ), in the period 1925-1935. Its publication and circulation, from 1925 on, played a central role in the shaping of the schooling in Minas Gerais. This way, it became a support to and a condition for the organization of physical education, becoming a strategy not only for its diffusion, but also for the formation of future teachers. The magazine contributed to the shift that took place in the period, putting into motion the new representations of its aims, and also prescribing practices as part of the program, tuning it in to the new demands of modern life.


One of the dreadful parasitic infection that ravages the lives of the very young and old in Sub-Saharan Africa is Malaria. It is a serious public health problem. Although interventions to curtail and curb it prevalence at various tiers of government local, state and federal were enforced, however, such strategy is not well disposed of in the citadel of learning –university amongst the students This form the basis of the objective of the study and why it is conducted. Method: We examined the prevalence of malaria infection among students of the Federal university of Technology, Akure. Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 300 patients between April 2019 to September 2019. Aged between 15 -30 years that visited the Medical centre with complaints and symptoms ranging from headache, body pains, undulating high temperature, nausea and vomiting abdominal cramps etc. Antimalarial drugs were not administered until outcome of laboratory result is available within a short while. Result: A total number of three hundred (300) subjects were screened for malaria infection 183 (61%) were male while 117 (39%) were female. The number of individuals with malaria infection were 242 (80.6%) of the 300 subjects screened for malaria. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of students infected with malaria parasitaemia is 80.6% of the student populace screened in the university under the study which indicated a high rate of prevalence of malaria. lt is therefore exigent to execute strategic interventions through health education in form of seminars/ workshop for the students and ways of prevention and elimination of the vector – anopheles mosquito in the environment.


An investigation to study the effect of exogenous growth regulators on Guichenotia macrantha tissue culture had been conducted at the Plant Science Laboratory, Victorian College of Agriculture and Horticulture, Melbourne, from January to October 1994. Two factors were investigated, ie. IAA (0.00, 0.57, 2.85, 5.71µm) and BAP (0.00, 2.22, 4.44, 8.88µm). The results indicated that BAP significantly increased the percentage of transferable explants and the average production of microcuttings. Meanwhile, neither IAA nor its interaction with BAP show a significant effect on these two parameters. Root proliferation occurred only on 10% of explants treated with 2.85µm IAA on the second subculture. At the rooting stage, the percentage of explants forming roots varied from 15.79 to 46.16% on either IAA and/or BAP treatments. The percentage of explants which survived acclimatisation ranged between 80 and 100%.


The fungal load of seeds is among the factors related to seed quality. Seed-borne fungi can cause significant crop losses and may produce mycotoxins, which are harmful to human health. This study aimed to determine the seed-borne fungi of bean, which is among one of the most important crops cultivated in Isparta province. Seed samples from the 2015-2016 vegetation period, obtained from bean growers in Isparta province were used in this study. The fungal load of randomly selected 200 seeds were investigated by blotter and agar methods and prevalence and infestation rates of the fungi were determined. As a result, 41 species of fungi belonging to 26 genera were determined on 62 seed samples. The blotter method yielded 25 genera while 20 genera were determined by the agar method. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus species were the most common fungi found on almost all of the samples, for both methods. Infestation rates of these fungi were also high on bean seeds. Prevalence and infestation rates of the fungi were generally higher in the blotter method, except for Fusarium and Verticillium species that were determined on the seed samples in higher frequencies by the agar method. Absidia, Arthrinium, Epicoccum, Nigrospora, Scopulariopsis and Stachybotrys species were determined only by the blotter method, while Seimatosporium sp. was found by the agar method. Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Stemphylium and Verticillium species are known as pathogenic fungi and may cause diseases on bean plants. Aspergillus and Penicillium species are saprobic fungi producing mycotoxins, so their presence on the seeds is also important.


The issue related to bullying in educational institutions is in vogue this problem has its origin through harassment or bromas ranging from a happy slapping or slap, ask the victim to do such or such favor asking for things, Money, gestures and actions of intimidation, these and other manifestations of harassment such as cyberbullying through the network and other expressions of violence impede the optimal development of students, interfere in the sense of group pertinence, their relationship of healthy and harmonious coexistence , Being one of the most important factors of the school desertion.This research aims to determine the predominant factors that affect harassment and how they generate far-reaching consequences in the lives of those who experience it, considering that Cotopaxi is no exception, since a high percentage of students recognized and accepted some type of harassment School or cyberbullyingin their school life, as well as the fear of denouncing by multiple sociocultural factors.


This article discusses how to ensure safeguard, master techniques, strengthen training qualifications and taking safeguard measures in self-exersizing rolling backward somerault.


One embodiment of the invention provides a system for selectively delivering the code in a networked system, a data generator. In such a system, the data generator generates data and transmits the data to the device. The apparatus receiving the data from the data generator, and then uses the code from the device to perform a process operation on the data. Then, the system analyzes characteristics of the data to determine whether it is possible to reduce the resources used to perform the processing operation on the data generator. If so, the system in the device, and transmitting the code to the data generator, which is then running the code on the data generator. By executing the code on the data generator, the system can optimize resource usage in the networked system. Network, data generators, sensors, code, power consumption


This paper presents a specification of the hybrid ERTMS/ETCS level 3 implementation in the framework of the case study proposed for the 6th edition of the ABZ conference. The specification is based on the methodology and tools, raised from the ANR FORMOSE project, for the modeling and formal validation of critical and complex system requirements. The requirements are captured as SysML/KAOS goal diagrams and are automatically translated into B System specifications, in order to obtain the backbone of the formal specification. Domain properties are captured as ontologies through the SysML/ KAOS domain modeling language, based on OWL and PLIB. From these ontologies is automatically extracted the structural part of the system formal specification that completes the result of the translation of goal diagrams. The system construction is thus incremental, based on refinement mechanisms existing within the involved methods and leads to a formally correct system, while eliminating any unnecessary manipulation of the formal specification. These manipulations being often very difficult and sources of many failures. The only part of the formal specification, which must be manually completed, is the body of events.


Methods: To characterize the protein fractions in wheat flour, responsible for aeroallergy in the asthmatic patients, twelve out of forty-five asthmatic patients were screened. These patients were sensitive to wheat and suspected of having wheat aero-allergy by their clinical allergic history, positive skin prick test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total level of protein in water salt soluble wheat extract was estimated through Lowry's method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used for the separation of protein fractions in wheat and immunoblotting assay was carried out to target the protein fractions responsible for aero-allergy in screened asthmatic patients.


OBJECTIVE
We performed the follow-up tests for three years for junior high school students by the quasi-experimental design to investigate the medium-term effect of smoking prevention education in the elementary school.

METHODS
The intervention group consisted of 106 school students of three elementary schools and received a smoking prevention program in the elementary school. Moreover, the follow-up tests were conducted at each grade of junior high school, and the booster program was mailed. The comparison group consisted of 193 school students of another three elementary schools without the program.

RESULTS
The intervention effects were recognized on knowledge up to the second grade of junior high school for boys and up to the third grade for girls, on awareness of the importance of not smoking at the second grade, and on the intention of smoking at the age of 20 for girls up to the first grade. On the other hand, the intervention effects were not recognized on smoking experience for boys and girls. However, increase of the rate of smoking experience was not significant in the intervention group, while it was significant in the comparison group.

CONCLUSION
The effect of the program for three years was judged to be moderate.


Although pembrolizumab is the mainstay treatment in metastatic malignant melanoma and have shown a durable response. Heterogeneous or no response has been observed in 30-40% of the cases of metastatic malignant melanoma. Metastatic lung lesions are sensitive to checkpoint inhibitor therapy whereas liver and adrenal metastases show a variable response. We are reporting a case of malignant melanoma with numerous liver and adrenal metastases showing a significant and durable response to just a single dose of pembrolizumab.


ONDANSETRON hydrochloride (Zofran; Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC) antagonizes the effect of serotonin at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT 3 ) receptors, Serotonin is released from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine, stimulates the vagal afferents through the 5-HT 3 receptors, and initiates the vomiting reflex. Through its 5-HT 3 -blocking effect, ondansetron hydrochloride has been progressively introduced into the practice of anesthesiology to treat perioperative nausea and vomiting. Administration of ondansetron is believed to be safe and is associated with very few reported serious side effects. 1,2 However, we describe a patient with no history of cardiac abnormalities who experienced a severe episode of acute myocardial ischemia that occurred during the intravenous injection of ondansetron in the early postoperative period.


The research considers the properties of a number of statistical measures of volatility, extending from the common standard deviation metric to less widely used range-based measures. Prior research in this field, which has typically featured the use of data series generated by Monte Carlo simulation within the theoretical framework of Geometric Brownian Motion, has tended towards the conclusion that alternate volatility estimators offer substantial efficiency improvements relative to the standard deviation estimator. This research indicates, however, that such findings are critically dependent on the assumptions made with regard to the nature of the underlying process of interest. The research considers the effect that departures from the behavior of the idealized Geometric Brownian Motion process may have on the performance of a variety of volatility estimators. More specifically, we evaluate the impact that sample size and frequency, process drift, opening gaps and time-varying volatility may have on the performance of both the standard deviation metric and its various alternatives. Under each of the scenarios considered, the integrated volatility estimator represents the "gold standard" in terms of bias and efficiency. All other estimators, with the possible exception of the Alizadeh-Brandt-Diebold estimator, produce biased estimates of the true process volatility unless


Summary Lactic acid bacterial microflora of Slovakian bryndza cheese produced in 10 factories in Slovakia was characterized. Bacterial strains were isolated on de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar and identified on the basis of microbiological and biochemical testing, genotyping by randomly-amplified microsatellite polymorhism and, eventually, by 16S rDNA sequencing. Individual Slovakian bryndza cheese samples were found to contain 3–7 strains of Lactobacillus brevis, Lb. parabuchneri, Lb. fermentum, Lb. helveticus, Lb. paracasei, Lb. pentosus, Lb. plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Several bryndza cheese samples contained 2 or 3 genotypes of the same species. No clear correlation between the composition of the lactic acid microflora and the involvement of pasteurization of ewes' milk in the technology was observed. Clear correlation was neither observed between the composition of the lactic acid microflora and the organoleptic quality of the studied Slovakian bryndza cheese.


Peters et al. report in their study about the management of incident breast cancer patients that patients aged >69 years received breast-conserving surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy significantly less frequently (1). Furthermore, even though no age-specific differences in the distribution of positive HER2/neu and hormone receptor status exist, comparatively fewer patients aged >69 years were treated with trastuzumab or hormone therapy. The article is based on data on clinical characteristics, tumor-biological findings and retrospectively conducted patient surveys on breast cancer treatment from a 2-year follow-up. Breast cancer patients without adjuvant therapy, with neoadjuvant therapy and/or with distant metastasis were excluded.


According to a widespread conventional wisdom, there is a link between US nuclear weapons and nuclear proliferation and, therefore, in order to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to other states, the US government must first make changes to its own nuclear arsenal. This article challenges the notion that US nuclear posture has a significant bearing on the proliferation and non-proliferation behavior of other states. Contrary to the received wisdom in policy circles, this article maintains that state decisions on nuclear non-proliferation issues are driven by a range of other security, economic, and political factors and, once these considerations are taken into account, there is little if any remaining variance to be explained by US nuclear posture. Using a dataset on US nuclear arsenal size from 1945 to 2011, this article examines the relationship between the size of the US nuclear arsenal and a variety of nuclear non-proliferation outcomes. It finds that there is no evidence of a relationship between the size of the US arsenal and: the exploration, pursuit, or acquisition of nuclear weapons by other states; the provision of sensitive nuclear assistance to non-nuclear weapon states; and voting on non-proliferation issues in the United Nations Security Council. The results are robust to alternate conceptualizations and measurements of US nuclear weapons and in various subsamples of data. This article breaks new ground on an empirical research agenda on how the nuclear policies and postures of the major nuclear powers affect the spread of nuclear weapons and has important implications for nuclear security policy.


Palynological studies carried out in saliferous sequence of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin in northeastern Brazil, confirm that the evaporites have been deposited in two distinct sedimentary cycles. The first one, Paripueira Evaporites, was deposited during the Early and Middle Alagoas (local stage) and, the second one, the Ibura Evaporites, during the Late Alagoas. These cycles were previously recognized by means of lithological and stratigraphical studies. On the african Atlantic margin, evaporites contemporaneous with the Paripueira Evaporites have not yet been detected. African evaporites dated as Late Aptian, probably correspond in age to the Ibura Evaporites in Sergipe-Alagoas.


Biosimilars contain a version of the active substance of an approved biologic medicine. They were introduced several years ago; the first biosimilar was approved by the European Medicine Agency in 2006. They are now commonly used to treat several immune-mediated conditions, and large evidence-based national and international guidelines support their use. Biosimilars are licensed for use after going through a comprehensive approval process to demonstrate clinical equivalence to the reference biologic in at least one randomized controlled trial. Once biosimilarity is demonstrated in one indication, this can be used to approve the drug for other indications if the mechanism of action is the same across different indications. Biosimilars do not have any clinically meaningful differences from the originator medicine in terms of quality, safety and efficacy but have a cost-saving benefit. NHS England supports the use of biosimilars, stating that clinicians should use the best-value biological product, including biosimilars. In 2021, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence lowered the biologic eligibility criteria for rheumatoid arthritis by recommending the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor medications with licensed biosimilars for treating moderate rheumatoid arthritis after conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs have failed. This recommendation has enabled more patients to access advanced therapy at an earlier stage of the disease, thus potentially increasing the likelihood of inducing remission and limiting disease progression.


The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of new methods employing Lie algebraic tools for characterizing beam dynamics in charged- particle optical systems. These methods are applicable to accelerator design, charged-particle beam transport, electron microscopes, and also light optics. The new methods represent the action of each separate element of a compound optical system, including all departures from paraxial optics by a certain operator. The operators can then be concatenated following well defined rules to obtain a resultant operator that characterizes the entire system. (AIP)


Inguinal hernia repairs are one of the most commonly performed operative procedures in the UK. An adequate consent process gives the patient the autonomy in making decisions related to their care and treatment. In this project, we were auditing whether hernia patients have gone through a standardised consent process from time clinic presentation up to the day of surgery.

 This was a retrospective audit based on the Royal College of Surgeons' (Good Surgical Practice) guidelines and trust local policy. We assessed 50 case notes for patients who had inguinal hernia repair between November 2019 and November 2020 in two of the busy district general hospitals in the UK.

 We found that our practice was fully compliant with documenting patient demographics, signatures, and the name of the procedure in the consent forms. Documented discussion prior to surgery was found only on79% of clinic letters. Poor compliance was noted in documenting some of the possible risks in the consent form including testicular atrophy (59%), injury to vas, vessels, and nerves (56%), wound complications (49%), chest infection (24%). Zero compliance was noted in documentation missed hernia and mortality as potential risks to the procedure.

 A detailed documented discussion with the patient in relation to benefits, risks, and alternatives of surgery should take place on clinic presentation as well as on the day of surgery to ensure compliance with the consent process.


Abstract 4890 Background: CNS relapse is a devastating complication in patients with aggressive NHL and occurs in approximately 5 to 20% of cases. Preventing CNS relapse is an important goal of therapy in high-risk patients with aggressive NHL. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of Liposomal Cytarabine in a prophylaxis of CNS in high risk lymphoma patients. Materials and Methods: Data of patients treated with Liposomal Cytarabine within the last 2 years were retrieved from 2 centres in Poland which routinely administer prophylaxis of CNS in high risk NHL patients. 32 patients were included in this analysis: 26 – DLBCL including Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma (PMBCL), 2 – PTCL, 2 – LBL and 2 – BL. Demographics: average age: 42 (range 18–75), 12 females and 20 males. High risk was defined as the presence of elevated LDH (average 852 IU/L, range 482–1890 IU/L) and involvement of 2 or more extranodal sites, IPI 3–5 or specific lymphoma localizations (testis, vertebral column, orbits, sinuses, large mediastinal tumors over 10 cm in diameter). None of the patients had neurological symptoms at diagnosis, nor any abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid analysis (average cellularity 4,7/mm 3 , range 0–18). Results: Liposomal Cytarabine was incorporated into 1 st line systemic chemotherapy. On average, 3,4 doses (range 2–6) were applied every 2 (n=22) or 4 (n=10) weeks. Side effects: 18 out of 32 patients had no side effects. 12 patients experienced transitory, mostly mild, grade 1–2 adverse events; headache (n=10), nausea and vomiting (n=7), dizziness (n=4) or fever (n=3). Only 2 patients developed grade 3 headaches or fever. One patient developed transient neurological symptoms, most likely unrelated to Liposomal Cytarabine (vena cava superior syndrome at diagnosis and cerebralal thromboembolism after systemic immunochemotherapy). After medium observation time of 306 days from the end of therapy (range 36 – 740) 28/32 (87,5%) patients were disease free. Three patients were lost due to systemic disease progression without any signs of CNS relapse on days 36, 101 and 182. One CNS relapse was reported on the day 252 (the patient subsequently died 5 months later). Conclusions: 1) Liposomal Cytarabine is well tolerated, with mild or no adverse events. Its prolonged action allows it to be incorporated into a standard systemic anti-lymphoma therapy, without the necessity of additional hospital admissions. 2) In a described cohort of high risk lymphoma patients, Liposomal Cytarabine reduced the risk of early CNS relapse to 3% at 1 year (1/32 cases) and OS at 1 year 87% (28/32). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


book, one comes to an almost equally marked divide with the last year or two before the death of Constantine in 337. For at that point (roughly pp. 153ff.) the sources suddenly increase in detail and volume, whether they are contemporary, like Libanius or Julian himself, or later, like the Church historians of the mid-fifth century. Precisely one of the book's great services will be to make this aspect at least of the reign of Constantius (337-61), his eastern wars, open to undergraduate study for the first time. There are of course imperfections: a fair number of slips which will need correction in any new edition, and (for instance) a moment of aberration on p. 1, where Palmyra is described as ' the oasis kingdom of Palmyra, a Roman colony since the time of Hadrian'. But in general the book is a splendid effort, in which the selection of sources, the notes and the bibliography (as well as useful maps) fully serve to achieve the aim of bringing this complex and difficult topic into focus. Beyond that, there lies, as hinted above, the major theme of the multi-lingual, pre-Islamic and post-Islamic historiography of the Near East in the first millennium A.D.


The accounting system in the management of village funds always emphasizes on the implementation of the principles of accountability, transparency, participatory and responsive, so that later it will be realized the implementation of good governance at the village government level. humans who do not have professional accountants. The problem raised in this study is whether the financial accounting system in the management of village funds in Talang Perapat Village, West Seluma District, Seluma Regency Has Been Done According to the Village Fund Management System Standards and the purpose of this study is to find out whether the financial accounting system in managing village funds in Talang Perapat Village Seluma Barat Subdistrict Seluma Regency is in accordance with the financial accounting system standards for managing village funds. The results of this study note that overall, the performance of village financial management in Talang Perapat Village, West Seluma District, Seluma District has been carried out in accordance with the standards of village fund management set by the government. Keywords: Financial Accounting System in Village Fund Management


The quality of soil sampling had a significant effect on the accuracy of site specific fertilizer application in precision agriculture.The numbers of soil sampling site and the distribution within a field have great importance for achieving a high quality sample.The high quality soil samples were the basic decision material for site specific fertilizer application.Therefore fast and low-cost sampling methods could promote this technique to be applied widely.A general framework of an information processing system for soil sampling had been constructed.Five modules had been set up to response to some main function about soil sampling.A simple system,which is developed using component technology based on RS,GIS and GPS technology,had been designed and implemented.Using this system,design soil sampling sites and optimize sampling path easily.A navigation function had been designed,with which a vehicle can navigate to each soil sample location fast and accurately.With the system,the geographic coordinates and the soil laboratory analysis results of samples can be integrated to manage.Furthermore,connecting with a sensor,the system can analyze samples in the field,immediately after they were taken.


In this research, two sequencing batch reactors (R1 and R2) were operated with different feeding strategies to investigate the effects of elongated anaerobic feeding mode on the granulation process. For this purpose, R1 was operated in a short-feed strategy (5 min) as a reference, whereas an extended anaerobic feeding of 85 min was applied in R2. Results showed that aerobic granules formed in R1 were denser and more uniform with lower sludge volume index than those formed in R2. Investigation of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) showed that aerobic granules in R1 produced lower amounts of TB-EPS than those in R2. This was due to the bigger and more compact granules cultivated in R1 in comparison with looser structure granules in R2 with higher flocculent sludge percentage. The relative hydrophobicity of granules in both reactors was increased with culture time and reached about 63 and 65% at day 70 for R1 and R2, respectively. Moreover, no significant correlation between protein/polysaccharide ratio and hydrophobicity was found, which showed that protein in loosely bound extracellular polymer substances was not the predominant hydrophobic component. Considering the outcomes of this study, it can be concluded that the elongated anaerobic feeding strategy was unfavourable for cultivating aerobic granules. doi: 10.2166/wst.2014.209 s://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/70/2/249/471046/249.pdf S. Sadri Moghaddam M. R. Alavi Moghaddam (corresponding author) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Street, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran E-mail: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com


This article takes on the ecology problems which the small cities exist at present by researching and analyzing,discovers its crux to be at,and proposed the corresponding countermeasure.The purpose of these is enhancing the small cities ecology economical efficiency,realizing the coordinated development among the environment,the resources,the population and the economic,achieving the sustainable development of the small cities.


Compares the Scottish and New Zealand regimes on financial provision after unmarried couples have separated. Explains the differences in approach to the rights of cohabitants under the Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006 and the factors taken into account to determine whether cohabitants qualify as de facto relationships under New Zealand's Property (Relationships) Act 1976, illustrated by case law. Considers the relevance of sexual activity, the use and ownership of property and how the relationship was perceived by the parties.


Manufactured parts are designed with acceptance tolerances, i.e. deviations from ideal design conditions, due to unavoidable errors in the manufacturing process. It is necessary to measure and evaluate the manufactured part, compared to the nominal design, to determine whether the part meets design specifications. The scope of this research project is dimensional acceptance of machined parts; specifically, parts machined using numerically controlled (NC, or also CNC for Computer Numerically Controlled) machines. In the design/build/accept cycle, the designer will specify both a nominal value, and an acceptable tolerance. As part of the typical design/build/accept business practice, it is required to verify that the part did meet acceptable values prior to acceptance. Manufacturing cost must include not only raw materials and added labor, but also the cost of ensuring conformance to specifications. Ensuring conformance is a substantial portion of the cost of manufacturing. In this project, the costs of measurements were approximately 50% of the cost of the machined part. In production, cost of measurement would be smaller, but still a substantial proportion of manufacturing cost. The results of this research project will point to a science-based approach to reducing the cost of ensuring conformance to specifications. The approach that we takemore » is to determine, a priori, how well a CNC machine can manufacture a particular geometry from stock. Based on the knowledge of the manufacturing process, we are then able to decide features which need further measurements from features which can be accepted 'as is' from the CNC. By calibration of the machine tool, and establishing a machining accuracy ratio, we can validate the ability of CNC to fabricate to a particular level of tolerance. This will eliminate the costs of checking for conformance for relatively large tolerances.« less


In this note, we show the inconsistency of a strong version of classical logic in the type theory of Coq. More precisely, we show that from the assumption 8A:Prop{A} + {¬A}, we can derive ?. The type 8A:.Prop{A} + {¬A} (in Coq notation: (A:Prop){A}+{~A}) is more powerful than the 'ordinary classical axiom 8A:.PropA _ ¬A (in Coq notation: (A:Prop)A \/ ~A), because it allows to define a function to a Set type by cases. This is precisely one of the crucial steps in the proof of the inconsistency: the construction of two functions b2P : bool!Prop and P2b : Prop!bool that form a retract from Prop to bool: 8A:Prop.(b2P(P2bA)) $ A. The fact that we can derive an inconsistency from a retract from Prop to bool has already been noticed by Coquand in [2], in a slightly different form. There the inconsistency is established by showing how the (inconsistent) type system λU − can be embedded if we have such a retract. Here we show the inconsistency directly, by adapting Hurkens' version of Girard's paradox (see [4]). The result is presented below by giving the Coq code of the inconsistency proof. To make the whole a bit more understandable, we first present the Lego code of the Hurkens inconsistency proof in λU − .


Radical Tendencies in the Reformation. Divergent perspectives. Edited by Hans J . Hillerbrand. (Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, ix.) Pp. 140 incl. ills. Kirksville, Mo: Sixteenth Century Publishers, 1988. $25. 09404740903 Professor Hillerbrand has edited seven conference papers delivered in 1986 by Reformation historians from the German Democratic Republic and the United States which usefully summarise much important recent research on the first ten years of the Radical Reformation. The scene is set by Adolf Laube's clear and careful discussion of what is to be understood by radical, a relative and differentiated term which may properly be applied even to Luther in his early years. Laube writes approvingly of the recent rapprochement between Marxist and non-Marxist historians over the theological and social aspects of the Reformation, but some of these essays lead one to wonder how far the rapprochement has gone. Laube insists on the primacy of social considerations (the transition from feudalism to capitalism), Hillerbrand on the primacy of theological concerns. Neither author allows room for the view that the Reformations of the sixteenth century were theological, political and social, and that there is not much point in seeking primacy for one aspect of the whole. Sigrid Looss, in her account of Karlstadt's development to 1525, admits that Marxists categorise the views of the Reformers along a spectrum like those of later political parties, and correspondingly Laube divides early radicals into two lists of bourgeois radicals and the proponents of a people's Reformation. Similarly, Siegfried Hoyer broadly divides lay preachers into those with a monastic or academic background, who were Lutherans, and former artisans who were more likely to be radical, but is unable to cite enough examples of preachers who were undeniably laymen to press the point home.


Computer simulations of complex physical objects and processes for which data are very sparse or inexistent have become a major tool of scientific investigation in astrophysics and cosmology. However, one must ask how these simulations acquire their epistemic credentials and whether their realistic ambition is legitimate. A close look at two model-building processes—one in galactic astrophysics, the other in cosmology—reveals heretofore underappreciated features of simulations, such as path dependency. This article argues that such features undermine our confidence in the outcomes of the simulation. Case studies presented here reveal a general tension in computer simulation between realistic ambitions and the possibility of empirical confirmation. The analysis will thus lead to a reassessment of the epistemic goals actually achieved by composite models of complex astrophysical and cosmological phenomena.


Cosmions are suggested as a solution to the solar neutrino problem. Are they also able to lower the globular-cluster ages enough to remove the inconsistencies between the ages of these objects (as deduced from the comparison of their observed HR diagrams to the standard theorical ones) and the age of the universe with vanishing cosmological constant? This question is discussed and it is explained that such a hope can, in principle, be fulfilled using the conventional cosmion hypothesis.