"We are all getting older." In the developed world this old saying has a deeper meaning and more significant consequence than may at first be apparent. This is because of the demographic trends; the post-war baby boom followed by the more recent sharp drop in the birth rate means that we will start to see the relative number of old people in the developed world grow. This is significant because the highest proportion of consumers of healthcare in the developed world is the older members of the community. Healthcare systems, be they private or public, rely upon high numbers of healthy people funding the healthcare costs of a small number of ill or infirm people. This model is set to fall apart as, for example, the ratio of tax contributors to tax consumers changes from its current level of 3:1 to 1.5:1 over the next 25 years. This problem is often referred to as the demographic time bomb. In order to address the issues raised by the demographic time bomb, public and private healthcare providers in the developed world are looking at ways of reducing the costs associated with the provision of healthcare. In this context, information technology (IT) and digital communications are considered to offer great potential for improving the efficiency of healthcare delivery. Another development is the trend for people to take a more active role in the delivery of their own healthcare. For example, in the UK a new term, "expert patient", has recently appeared in the healthcare community. This is a patient or group of patients that have very detailed and upto-date knowledge about their clinical condition. In some ways, this is not such a new concept. Diabetics, whose life often depends upon a very detailed understanding their particular manifestation of their illness, have been with us for many years. However, what is new with the "expert patient" concept is that a deep and detailed understanding of a condition by a patient can be true for a wide range of conditions, not just those that are immediately life threatening. Almost certainly the "expert patient" concept has come into being as a result of the growth of the Internet and its use for the dissemination of medical information. Home eHealth is a relatively new technology application area. It has resulted partly from the desire of healthcare providers to apply technology in order to reduce healthcare costs, and partly from the trend for people to take a more active role in their healthcare. There are many potential applications of home eHealth. However, chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes and respiratory conditions are the most interesting. This is due to the very high numbers of people they affect and because, to varying degrees, their impact can be controlled by the patient. On this last point, the impact of a number of chronic diseases on a patient can be minimised if they adopt a favourable lifestyle and adhere to their treatment plan. For example, loss of excessive body weight is helpful for those suffering from heart disease and hypertension. Similarly, smoking cessation is an important factor in improving the outlook for all patients with respiratory problems. The UK's National Health Service has over the last few years published a number of documents called National Service Frameworks. Each of these covers either a specific chronic condition or vulnerable patient group. Common themes have been empowering patients to care for themselves and the use of technology.


This study aims to describe the difficulties experienced by students in understanding triangular material and the causes of these difficulties. This research is a descriptive research on 7 subjects selected from 23 grade VIII students at MTsS Darul Ihsan, Aceh Besar. The subjects of the study were selected based on the data of the test results of students' ability to solve triangular problems. Based on the test result data, subjects were categorized based on indicators of triangular material then in theinterview to dig deeper into the causes of students' difficulties. The interview results are transcribed and then analyzed qualitatively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. To ensure the validity of the data, a source riangulation is carried out, which compares data from interviews between students and teachers. The results showed that based on the achievement indicators of triangular material, the majority of students experienced conceptual difficulties compared to principle and procedural difficulties. The causes of difficulties experienced by students include: lack of focus during the learning process; lack of understanding of prerequisite material; lack of practice of varied questions; the teacher's explanation regarding the material cannot be easily understood by students; Lack of accuracy in understanding the meaning of the problem and Kurang careful in doing calculations.


Banks and financial institutions still perceive the Internet as a o€³¦black boxo€³¦ in which little insight is provided about individual-level online behaviour. The authors state that clickstream analyses open up the black box and illuminate online banking behaviour. In this article, examples are presented that show that clickstream analysis is a suitable research methodology for integrating the Internet in the marketing strategy of a bank or financial institution.


In June 1987, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sent to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (Dec) a series of tables comparing various inspection maintenance (I/M) options. They contained emission predictions (g/mi), based on Mobile3's default assumptions, for all highway sources for calendar years 1989 to 2000 for non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and carbon monoxide (CO). The NMHC tables also included Stage II control estimates (g/mi), as well as columns showing the additional NMHC reductions (g/mi) which the Mobile3 runs indicated would occur if certain changes were made to the present I/M program. EPA's predications for the present I/M system were compared to values Dec had prepared for 1989 and 1990 using the modeling system in place for its annual reasonable further progress (RFP) report. It was found that the RFP's NMHC estimates were approximately half of those prepared by EPA. This raised questions concerning the legitimacy of the Stage II versus I/M options comparisons. Since the RFP composite values are computed from multiple Mobile3 runs weighted by local traffic characteristics, it would be impractical for EPA to duplicate this method. However, the inverse question of how practical the EPA method of using a single Mobile run tomore » model an entire local area, either in the numeric or relative sense, is examined.« less


Synopsis The Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary-value problems for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation in the interior or exterior of a quadrant are considered in a Sobolev space setting. It is shown that the potential operators arising in the interior problems can be used to derive systems of boundary integral equations to the exterior problems, which can be solved explicitly.


Abstract: Marx and Engels put forward the theory of "The Two Necessities" in The CommunistParty's Manifesto. This was a scientific summarization to the capitalist developmental tendency.Marx put forward the theory of "The Two Absolute Nonpossibilities" in The Preface of The PoliticalEconomy Criticism. "The Two Necessities" revealled the capitalist failure and the socialist victoryare an objective law independent of man's will and it is a naturally historical process. "The TwoAbsolute Nonpossibilities" stressed that people should understand the objective law. It was a important supplement to "The Two Necessities".


Despite our dependence on it, it is important to remember that e‐mail is a relatively young business communication tool, and with that youth comes some behavioral concerns. Included in this article are five ways on how to use e‐mail better (and avoid ticking off co‐workers and business associates).


Picosure is FDA approved laser treatment that not only offers faster tattoo removal but helps those suffering from scars. Whether you have acne or burn ...


High‐order sliding mode control techniques are proposed for uncertain nonlinear SISO systems with bounded uncertainties based on two different terminal sliding mode approaches. The tracking error of the output converges to zero in finite time by designing a terminal sliding mode controller. In addition, the adaptive control method is employed to identify bounded uncertainties for eliminating the requirement of boundaries needed in the conventional design. The controllers are derived using Lyapunov theory, so the stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. In the first technique, the developed procedure removes the reaching phase of sliding mode and realizes global robustness. The proposed algorithms ensure establishment of high‐order sliding mode. An illustrative example of a car control demonstrates effectiveness of the presented designs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Guided Imagery (GI) is an emerging alternative therapy to control anxiety. The technique involves purposefully and consciously inducing mental images in order to obtain the desired outcomes. The present study investigated the efficacy of GI intervention in the management of state and trait anxiety in an incidental and purposive sample of 8th class students. A pre-test post-test design with one control and one experimental group, matched in terms of intelligence scores and socio-economic status was adopted. After a pre-test assessment of trait and state anxiety levels of both the groups, GI intervention was administered on the experimental group while the control group continued their usual scholastic tasks. The Guided Imagery Intervention developed by the investigator consisted of 7 audio scripts of 15 minutes duration. Interim testing of state and trait anxiety levels was done after the first round and post testing after the second round of Guided Imagery Intervention. A follow up testing was done after a gap of one month. The data was analyzed by applying the 't' test, one way ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results proved the effectiveness of GI in lowering the state and trait anxiety.


The case study is very important in developing modern management sciences, and has become the resource of formulating new theories and methods. It has attracted much attention in the circle of ma na gement scientists. This paper investigates the functions of case study in management sciences and ma nagement training. The methods to carry out case study in accordance with the actual conditions in China are presented.


Closed string field theory is constructed by stochastically quantizing a matrix model for Polyakov loops that describes phases of a large N gauge theory at finite temperature. Coherent states in this string field theory describes winding string condensation which has been expected to cause topology change from thermal AdS geometry to AdS-Schwarzschild black hole geometry. D-branes in this closed string field theory is also discussed. Based on a talk given at CosPA 2007, Taipei.


The invention discloses an ultrasonic flaw detection method of an austenitic stainless steel sheet weld joint. The ultrasonic flaw detection method comprises the following steps of: 1, selecting a phased array ultrasonic flaw detection device; 2, making a reference block by adopting the same material, and determining a material, a shape and a size of the reference block; 3, detecting and debugging the reference block by using the phased array ultrasonic flaw detection device, and screening artificial flaw detection echoes and noise waves; and 4, carrying out sector-scanning on a workpiece by using the phased array ultrasonic flaw detection device, accurately positioning and quantitatively screening doubtful echoes so as to confirm whether the doubtful echoes are flaw echoes. According to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the austenitic stainless steel sheet weld joint, various flaws in the stainless steel sheet weld joint can be rapidly and effectively detected.


Background:
 While drug eluting stents (DES) are known to reduce restenosis, as compared with bare metal stents (BMS), the comparative effectiveness of stent type on health status outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown.

 Methods:
 We compared 6-month health status outcomes in 1,583 AMI patients enrolled in the 26-center TRIUMPH study who were treated exclusively with DES (n=974) or BMS (n=609). Patient-reported health status was assessed with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and the physical and mental summary scales of the Short-Form 12 (SF-12). A multivariate linear regression model was used to examine the association between stent type and patient-reported health status after extensive adjustment for 25 demographic, clinical and procedural variables, including baseline health status.

 Findings:
 Patients were predominantly Caucasian (77.8%) and male (73.2%), with a mean age of 59±11 years and a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension (58.9%), dyslipidemia (48.5%), and diabetes (23.7%). Baseline health status was similar in the DES and BMS groups, and both groups experienced significant improvements in their health status within 6 months. At 6 months, treatment with DES was associated with significantly greater improvements in the SAQ quality of life (+3.61, 95% C.I. 1.55-5.67), SAQ physical limitation (+5.63, 95% C.I. 3.25-8.00), and SF-12 mental component (+1.38, 95% C.I. 0.37-2.39) scores at 6 months. Changes in the SAQ treatment satisfaction, SAQ angina frequency, and the SF-12 physical component scores were not statistically different between groups.

 Conclusions:
 Among unselected patients undergoing PCI for AMI, DES use was associated with a greater improvement in patient-reported health status measures during 6 month follow up as compared with BMS. Further investigation is needed to determine the mechanisms of this benefit and whether it is sustained during longer term follow up.


Abstract Older grandparents raising adolescent grandchildren are an understudied population. Greater understanding is needed of the social capital (e. g. information, emotional support, companionship, practical instrumental support, and influence, power, and control) harnessed by older grandparents raising adolescent grandchildren. This research applied a qualitative, phenomenological approach to explore social capital among older grandparents. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 19 grandparent caregivers ranging in age from 55 to 88 years. Eligibility criteria were: primary caregiver for a grandchild 12 years or older; grandchild resides in home at least 3 days; grandparent 40 or older and resides in Oklahoma, Alabama, or Kentucky. Participants were recruited by word of mouth, newspapers, and flyers. Grandparents responded to a question prompt, "I am going to ask you some questions about your support system to assist with your concerns about your older grandchild." Interviews were conducted in public places, audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a question analysis approach to sort responses into matrices, develop memos, and identify themes. Most older grandparents were female (84.2%), Caucasian (52.6%), married (57.9%), and never attended a support group (68.4%). One overarching theme from these older grandparent caregivers is access to social capital exists on a continuum. Participants' experiences with social capital pertained to family proximity, evolving perception of friends, limited or no social engagement with neighbors, dynamics of church attendance and size, and familiarity with community resources. These older grandparents raising adolescents shared positive reactions to select social capital with some types emerging as less important or underdeveloped.


A waiting-time distribution is constructed for 8 yr of solar flare hard X-ray bursts observed by the ICE/ISEE 3 spacecraft. The observed distribution is compared with a simulated waiting-time distribution produced by a time-dependent Poisson process constructed using rates estimated from the observations. The observed distribution shows an overabundance of short waiting times (10 s-10 minutes) in comparison with the simulation. This result implies that the hard X-ray bursts are not independent events. The implications of this result for the existence of sympathetic flaring and to models of flare statistics are discussed, and the result is compared with previous determinations of waiting-time distributions for solar hard X-ray events.


Knowledge discovery in databases, or data mining, is becoming increasingly important both for research and business application, as a mean for extracting knowledge from large databases. However, most of the work done in data mining has concentrated on the situations where the training data is entirely consistent, which is not always the case in real world databases. In this paper we propose a framework for data mining that handle situations, consistency and inconsistency, in databases. The proposed framework is based on the theory of rough set. The suggested framework integrates a variety of algorithms for data analysis, rule generation and classification based on the rough set methodology. A system (RDMiner) based on the framework was developed. The implemented system was then tested on real data sets from two application domains and the results of one of the applications is reported in this paper.


Abstract A protocol was developed to use the enzyme-based dipsticks for large scale screening of cyanogenic potential in cassava roots. It involved direct analysis of root tissue slices. Cyanogenic potential (expressed as mg HCN/kg root fresh weight) of 40 cassava varieties were determined. They ranged from about 2 to 590 mg HCN/kg root. Twenty-seven varieties gave values that were comparable to those of control (using root extract). Some varieties were underestimated. For these varieties, values similar to control were obtainable by simply crushing the root slices. Determination of cyanogenic potential based on five roots per variety compared well with those using composite root extracts prepared from three roots (r= 0.81). Semiquantitative estimation of cyanogenic potential for 122 cassava varieties was also carried out by comparing the color of picrate paper against those of known standards; results showed a strong correlation with spectrophotometric method (r= 0.79).


The ALVAST model represents a typical twinjet subsonic transport aircraft. It is with a full span of 3.4m the largest model of DLR and can be used as half or full model in cruise or high-lift configuration, respectively. The model can be equipped with turbine-driven engine simulators as conventional turbofan or modern VHBR/UHBR type. The main dimensions as well as checks of geometry and strength are described. The ALVAST model and seven engine simulators were or will be used in the European research programmes DUPRIN I and II and ENIFAIR. The model already had 11 wind tunnel entries from 1987 till now and 5 more entries are fixed until 1998.


Evidence for phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases has been found in Salmonella typhimurium despite previous indications that protein kinase action is absent in prokaryotes. At least four proteins have been found to be phosphorylated. Serine and threonine phosphates have been isolated from acid hydrolysates of these proteins after in vivo and in vitro labeling. The kinases do not phosphorylate histones, casein, or phosvitin. It would appear that phosphorylation as a regulatory control exists in prokaryotes.


A high gain planar array antenna is reported in this article for recently proposed 42 GHz Q‐LINK PAN wireless communication system. The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique is deployed for the antenna array. Three types of power divider are used in the design to achieve a 30‐dB Taylor aperture distribution. Longitudinal slots etched on the broad surface of SIW are studied with an equivalent circuit. A high gain prototype which used 16 × 16 slots is designed with a center operation frequency of 42.5 GHz. For the measurement, a traditional rectangular waveguide to SIW transition is designed to feed the prototype. The low‐cost printed‐circuit‐board technology is used to fabricate the designed prototype, and the antenna is measured in a millimeter‐wave anechoic chamber. The measurement results show that the prototype can be operated from 41.5 to 43.7 GHz with a return loss larger than 10 dB. It has a maxim gain of 27.0 dB at 42.3 GHz. Low sidelobes of 26.3 and 17.3 dB are obtained for 42.5 GHz E‐plane and H‐plane radiation patters, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2098–2103, 2014


SUMMARY Cox (1980) introduced a notion of local ancillarity. In this paper, a qth order local ancillary variable is defined; the idea of local ancillarity for the multiparameter model with no nuisance parameters is developed for inference and third-order local ancillarity is examined in the single parameter model.


Recently Al-Musallam and S.L. Kalla [1], [2] have developed a generalized hypergeometric function occuring in diffraction theory. We define here a new generalized hypergeometric function, using a special case of Wright's function. Some differential properties, integral representations and special cases are given. Corresponding incomplete generalized gamma function and its complementary function are also defined and some properties are obtained. The hypergeometric function 2R1 (a, b; c; τ; z) is revisited to obtain more properties, including contiguous relations, differential formulas and integral representations. Results given earlier by Al-Musallam and Kalla, Kobayashi and some classical results of incomplete gamma functions can be recovered from some results derived in this paper


I present a theory of mean field approximation based on information geometry. This theory includes in a consistent way the naive mean field approximation, as well as the TAP approach and the linear response theorem in statistical physics, giving clear information-theoretic interpretations to them.


A 72‐year‐old woman had a 7‐year history of a scaly red area on the right breast which had enlarged asymptomatically. A biopsy of the nipple was taken, and, following the finding of Paget's disease, a modified radical mastectomy was carried out. On histological examination of the entire breast specimen by serial sections, no evidence of an intraductal adenocarcinoma was found.


Background: The age of nulliparous women has increased in developed countries and the 5-year  survival rate for the late stage does not exceed 58%. Moreover, as more women are delaying childbearing, preservation of fertility and reproductive function is a major concern when young women are  counseled with regard to the effects of treatment for cervical cancer. Objective : To determine the effect of the combination chemotherapy on serum levels of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and inhibin B.  Methods : This study is a prospective cohort study in 16 cervical cancer patients aged 28-48 years who received Paclitaxel-Cisplatin chemotherapy. AMH and inhibin B levels were examined before and after third series chemotherapy. Statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon test with a level of significance selected at 0.05.  Results : There is a significant decrease in median serum levels of AMH and inhibin B patients between before and after Paclitaxel–Cisplatin chemotherapy with p=0.000 (P<0.05). Similarly, a decrease in the median value of serum levels of AMH and inihibin B after Paclitaxel-Cisplatin chemotherapy in each series of chemotherapy was significant with p=0.000 (P<0.05).  Conclusions : Serum levels of AMH and inhibin B in cervical cancer patients who received the combination chemotherapy decreased dramatically after 3 months of chemotherapy and the factors that contribute to the diminution is age.


Abstract A C−N bond forming dearomatization protocol with broad scope is outlined. Specifically, bifunctional amino reagents are used for sequential nucleophilic and electrophilic C−N bond formations, with the latter effecting the key dearomatization step. Using this approach, γ‐arylated alcohols are converted to a wide range of differentially protected spirocyclic pyrrolidines in just two or three steps.


Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is at the heart of many exotic band structures and can give rise to many-body states with topological order. Here we present a general scheme based on a combination of microwave driving and lattice shaking for the realization of two-dimensional SOC with ultracold atoms in systems with inversion symmetry. We show that the strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC can be independently tuned in a spin-dependent square lattice. More generally, our method can be used to open gaps between different spin states without breaking time-reversal symmetry. We demonstrate that this allows for the realization of topological insulators with nontrivial spin textures closely related to the Kane-Mele model.


Wind tunnels are being used to study the aerodynamic properties of race cars, fighter planes etc. It allows us to make a reusable prototype and test it in the tunnel. Hypersonic wind tunnels operate at hypersonic speeds ie, with a mach number greater than 6. For doing experiments, it is necessary to maintain a constant pressure in the settling chamber of the tunnel so that we get the desired Mach number and mass flow rate through the nozzle. Here, a fuzzy assisted PI control system incorporating anti reset wind up is developed for regulating the pressure and hence a constant mass flow rate in the hypersonic intermittent blow down type wind tunnel and the results obtained are analised.


This study seeks to evaluate the economic implication of a biogas digester built from composite material to ascertain its cost effectiveness. The feasibility study conducted indicates that a brick made only of fixed dome digester costs between USD 3193.99 and USD 4471.59. This high cost is attributed to the construction material, thus prompting the need to use materials of lower cost for affordability and sustainability. Hence, the digester under study was made from composite material comprising high-density polyethylene (HDPE), bricks and cement. The inlet and outlet chambers were built using bricks and cement, while the digestion chamber was made from HDPE material. From the economic analysis conducted, the total initial investment cost of the biogas digester was reported to be USD 1623.41 with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 8.5%, discount payback period (DPP) of 2 years and net present value (NPV) of USD 1783.10. The findings equally revealed that the estimated quantity of biogas could replace 33.2% of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking gas. Moreover, the biogas daily yield of 1.57 m3 generates approximately 9.42 kWh of electricity, which costs about USD 1.54. Thus, the study recommends the use of composite material of plastics and bricks in constructing the biogas digester, as it is cost effective and sustainable.


Magnetic topological semimetals, the latest member of topological quantum materials, are attracting extensive attention as they may lead to topologically-driven spintronics. Currently, magnetotransport investigations on these materials are focused on anomalous Hall effect. Here, we report on the magnetoresistance anisotropy of topological semimetal CeBi, which has tunable magnetic structures arising from localized Ce 4f electrons and exhibits both negative and positive magnetoresistances, depending on the temperature. We found that the angle dependence of the negative magnetoresistance, regardless of its large variation with the magnitude of the magnetic field and with temperature, is solely dictated by the field-induced magnetization that is orientated along a primary crystalline axis and flops under the influence of a rotating magnetic field. The results reveal the strong interaction between conduction electrons and magnetization in CeBi. They also indicate that magnetoresistance anisotropy can be used to uncover the magnetic behavior and the correlation between transport phenomena and magnetism in magnetic topological semimetals.


The resources of reservoirs in China are abundant,about 1/3 of the whole water area which can be used for freshwater aquaculture,as the aquatic environment in reserviors are suitable for various fishes.Since 1950s,freshwater aquaculture has developed rapidly in China,especially after 1979,resulting in substanstial expansion of aquaculture area,significant increase of aquaculture output,and more fish species cultured in more reservoirs.Though aquaculture could reduce nutrient level of reservoirs in some way or the other,the abuse and overuse of fertilization and feed in reservoirs in recent years had caused the deteriation of water bodies,e.g.the outbreak of algal blooms in some reservoirs and/or sub-areas of reservoirs.In order to reduce the pollution load and protect the aquatic environment of reservoirs,sustainable development of reservoir fisheries is necessary.Finally,some bionomic control countermeasures were favorably suggested for the mitigation of negative feedbacks of aquaculture in Chinese reservoirs.


Background: To examine the use of high-dose statin therapy in Indian patients, this post-marketing analysis aimed to understand physicians' responses to the use of HIST in CVD patients with high LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Indians have a higher risk of CAD compared to Caucasians.
Main Body: A study was conducted in India where 1590 physicians received a questionnaire based on various parameters, data were collected and 1461 responses were finally included in the data analysis.
Recent lipid protocols recommend lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease. To validate the evidence for this recommendation, we conducted a clinical trial based on clinical experience in which physicians could share their views on statin use relative to their usual treatment.
Dyslipidaemia is the most important risk factor for myocardial infarction worldwide, Cholesterol levels are directly related to coronary artery disease in all studies.
A few years ago, randomized controlled trials showed that 1 mmol/L reduction in blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with statin therapy was associated with a higher risk of heart disease. and death. Relative risk reduction (21% and 12%, respectively).
Conclusion: Overall, 87% of physicians prefer statin therapy for better clinical outcomes, as HIST is generally safe and effective. Compared with low-dose statin therapy for CAD and CVD, HIST provides additional benefits regardless of lower LDL cholesterol levels. Doctors recommend that patients at higher risk be treated with HIST.
More clinical studies are needed to determine which is the best LDL cholesterol target, the role of HIST in patients without heart disease, and the role of concomitant therapy.

Key words: High-Intensity Statin Therapy, Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Atherosclerosis Disease, Flat Pricing


ABSTRACT Geobacillus kaustophilus strain GBlys was isolated along with the bacteriophage ϕOH2, which infects G. kaustophilus NBRC 102445T. Here we present a draft sequence of this strain's genome, which consists of 216 contigs for a total of 3,541,481 bp, 3,679 predicted coding sequences, and a G+C content of 52.1%.


A sound corresponding to the display image, and to output a more realistic high. Sound output position control unit 37 controls the output destination of the audio data supplied from the image processing unit interprets the image of the image data supplied from the unit 35, when the scene in which characters are ignited (發話), and the voice processing unit 36 , so as to output the sound from the speakers near the location of the talker, and supplies the audio data to the audio output unit 39. The audio output unit 39 has a plurality of speakers, and outputs the voice data supplied from the sound output position control section 37, the speakers assigned to the sound output position control unit 37. The present invention can be applied to an image display apparatus. Image, voice, character, talker, the apparatus


The Act provides a qualified privilege against compelled disclosure of information for those who gather and disseminate news. The privilege applies only in proceedings in which the one asserting the privilege is not a party. The privilege is not absolute; to overcome the privilege the party seeking the information must show that the information sought is material and relevant, cannot be reasonably obtained by other means, and is necessary to the proper preparation or presentation of the case of the party seeking the information.


The microfluidic channel presents a unique platform for the focusing of protein molecules by electrophoretic force. A numerical analysis of the proposed microfluidic platform to achieve focusing of protein molecules is carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2. Electric potential distribution, fluid flow patterns, particle trajectories are observed in the numerical study. Effects of parameters such as electrode inclination angle, potential difference, and velocity on protein focusing are also reported.


A discussion of the nature of information is undertaken by bringing together the views of Brenda Dervin and Karl Popper on subjectivity and objectivity as these relate to information use. It is shown that while they take different routes, they come to similar positions. From the historical development of information science, some work on the problem of information management is selected to show the relevance of the philosophical discussion to the practice. The overall purpose is to establish information as an existent with which librarians and information scientists work in a peculiar way, resulting in the acts of classification and indexing as applied in information retrieval systems (or libraries). The nature of information and its relationship to human activities is seen to be fundamental to the practice and principles of the profession as well as the science. I use the word 'librarian' to indicate the intermediary since the word 'intermediary' can carry the meaning 'human and/or non‐human'. Here we are concerned with human problems.


AbstractBibliographic techniques were used to isolate selected trends in research related to indoor air quality and housing-related illness in the United States. Representative studies and critiques were drawn upon to provide a conceptual overview of the state of the art in the field. The emergence of explanatory models for housing-related health complaints and a merger of disciplinary perspectives to address sick building syndrome phenomena are explored in this overview.


A thought devoted to the problem of testimony is often obliged to face questions related to time and language. Such issues arise in the debate as concepts of a broader approach, since they are attached to the development of human meditations. Giorgio Agamben, in a significant part of his work, inserts, in the debate about testimony, a relevant point of discussion: the remnant. Seeking to on these aspects, particularly on testimony, remnants, time and language, we propose an analysis of the novel The absent city, by Ricardo Piglia, to investigate, in his narratives, the textual mechanisms that interrogate the possibilities (and impossibilities) of constitution of experience in contemporaneity.


Objectives: Levetiracetam is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) which is currently licensed in the United States and the United Kingdom and Ireland for use as adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures and myoclonic seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures, occurring as part of generalized epilepsy syndromes. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it is also licensed as monotherapy treatment for focal-onset seizures. Previous small studies have suggested a low risk for major congenital malformations (MCM) with levetiracetam use in pregnancy. Methods: The UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registers are prospective, observational registration and follow-up studies that were set up to determine the relative safety of all AEDs taken in pregnancy. Here we report our combined results for first-trimester exposures to levetiracetam from October 2000 to August 2011. Results: Outcome data were available for 671 pregnancies. Of these, 304 had been exposed to levetiracetam in monotherapy, and 367 had been exposed to levetiracetam in combination with at least one other AED. There were 2 MCM in the monotherapy group (0.70%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19%–2.51%) and 19 in the polytherapy group (6.47%; 4.31%–9.60%). The MCM rate in the polytherapy group varied by AED regimen, with lower rates when levetiracetam was given with lamotrigine (1.77%; 95% CI 0.49%–6.22%) than when given with valproate (6.90%; 95% CI 1.91%–21.96%) or carbamazepine (9.38%; 95% CI 4.37%–18.98%). Conclusion: This study, in a meaningful number of exposed pregnancies, confirms a low risk for MCM with levetiracetam monotherapy use in pregnancy. MCM risk is higher when levetiracetam is taken as part of a polytherapy regimen, although further work is required to determine the risks of particular combinations. With respect to MCM, levetiracetam taken in monotherapy can be considered a safer alternative to valproate for women with epilepsy of childbearing age.


The South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is a major component of the global climate system affecting fresh water supply and distribution for large parts of South America, and is an area of active research by GEWEX and CLIVAR under the WCRP. On the other hand, the region is known to suffer from the influence of aerosols from dust, biomass burning and industrial pollution. Up to now, almost all the research on SAMS by the monsoon community has been focused on the impacts of sea surface temperature, land processes, orographic effects and internal atmospheric dynamics, while the aerosol community has focused on chemistry, radiative forcing and local and microphysical effects of cloud and rain modification, with very little intersect between the two disciplines. Only a handful of very preliminary studies have been conducted on possible impacts of aerosols on the wet seasons. The conventional wisdom is that during the wet season, monsoon dynamics control is dominant, and aerosol forcing is at a minimum due to wet scavenging of pollutants and lack of biomass burning activities. In this study, we will show evidence that this conventional wisdom may be flawed, and that aerosols may have a strong impact on evolution of the SAMS. The possible impacts of the aerosol on the water cycle are very complex, involving direct and indirect effects. The direct effect refers to the depletion of the surface radiation reaching the earth surface by reflection and/or absorption of solar radiation by the aerosol – the so-called "solar dimming" effect. The indirect effects refers to the increase in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) due to increased aerosol loading, which increase the population of small cloud drops, making the clouds more reflective and suppresses rainfall by reducing coalescences of smaller cloud drops to form larger rain drops. In addition, some types of aerosols such as dust under suitable environmental conditions may be effective to initiate ice-phase precipitation. More recently, using climate models, Ramanathan et al (2005) showed that the "solar dimming" (SM) effect due to sulfate and black carbon emissions over India, may cause a weakening of the South Asia monsoon. On the other hand, Lau et al (2006) showed that through the "atmospheric heat pump" (EHP) effect due to atmospheric heating of dust and black carbon over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, piling up over the southern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau, the South Asia monsoon may be enhanced. There two scenario does not necessary contradict each other, as they may applied in different spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, we present preliminary results of a numerical model experiments to examine the relative impact of SM vs. EHP in order tease out the possible fundamental signals of aerosols on SAMS. We use the 2 x2.5 degree GEOS GCM with Microphysics with the Relax Arakawa-Schubert (McRAX) cumulus


Weakly nonlinear oscillations exhibit a wide range of phenomena not seen in simple linear oscillations. This paper considers weakly nonlinear oscillations with an analytic forcing term, and attempts to understand various quantitative solution methods for this problem. We give a quantitative demonstration of the failure of regular perturbation theory, and use this failure to motivate investigation into two-timing and averaging theory. We see that both two-timing and averaging theory give initially identical approximations of a solution, in fact giving excellent approximations even when the nonlinear effects cease to be weak. Finally, we see that the results given by two-timing and averaging theory are physically valid only when the exact solution is bounded.


Using the Stoney formula and its modifications, curvature-based techniques are gaining increasingly widespread application in evaluating the stress in a film on a substrate. In principle, the formula applies only when the stress is uniform throughout the film thickness. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the Stoney formula when the residual strain in the film is no longer uniform, but dependent on the z position. To achieve this goal, a general theory was introduced for the elastic deformation of an arbitrary, multilayered system. By practicing this general theory, we used a polynomial function to describe the gradient stress in a film, and contributions by different elements of the polynomial to both the curvature and the bending strain were derived. A finite element simulation for a typical film–substrate structure was then carried out, leading to the verification of the theory developed in this paper. In the discussion section, we explored the relation between the surface curvature and the bending curvature as well as the difference between the stress in the constrained planar state and that in the relaxed state. In addition, the accuracy of the simplified formula, using thin film approximation, was evaluated. Finally, a SiNx-Al MEMS structure was studied by using the formula in this paper.


Consumers responded to the Food and Drug Administration's September 2006 warnings to avoid eating spinach because of possible contamination with E. coli O157:H7. While spinach expenditures fell, consumers turned to other leafy greens as substitutes. The longer term drop in retail expenditures on fresh spinach products was almost matched by gains in expenditures on other leafy greens.


Regulation of Aging by the Proteasomal Pathway – Aging is a universally relevant phenomenon and a fascinating biological process. Increasing age is the largest cause for pre-disposition to a spectrum of age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the genetic mechanisms that determine the rate of aging can lead to preventive and therapeutic measures that simultaneously target multiple ageassociated ailments. This study is aimed at understanding how a molecular pathway that controls the degradation of proteins in the body helps determine the rate of aging in response to reproductive signals. The studies described here can eventually help design preventive and therapeutic measures for age-related ailments.


This paper presents the last results obtained using a new optimization procedure based on the vapor-liquid equilibrium in mixtures of two chemicals. This method was developed to solve complex optimization problems with variables in real domains. The search for the optimum is done by simulating the equilibrium of phases by means of a simple thermodynamic model widely applied in the chemical process industry. Each variable is treated as the most volatile component of a saturated binary system at a given temperature and pressure. The changes in each element of solution vector are made by using two new movement operators, the bubble point and the dew point. The algorithm has been tested with new mathematical reference functions producing results comparable to those achieved by other procedures.


Filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries including India. About 90% of cases of lymphatic filariasis are caused by infection with Wuchereria bancrofti and rest by Brugia malayi in Southeast Asia. Filariasis is transmitted by the bite of Culex mosquitoes. The diagnosis of it is conventionally made by demonstrating microfilaria in the peripheral blood smear. Microfilaria have been incidentally detected in fine needle aspiration cytology smears from various sites. However, the presence of filarial worm in thyroid aspirate is unusual. We report a case in which aspiration cytology revealed presence of microfilaria in thyroid nodule.


In the title compound, C14H15BrN2O3, the dihydropyrimidinone ring adopts a boat conformation. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming an R22(8) ring motif and generating a zigzag chain extending in [010].


Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate Al selectivity in Si-doped tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solutions whose Si dopant concentration covers both Al passivating and Al nonpassivating instances. Raman spectra of the Si doped solutions suggest different dominant ionic silicate species for passivating and nonpassivating cases: octamers in the nonpassivating case and cyclic trimers, tetramers, and oligomers in the passivating case. pH measurement results on both Al passivating and Al nonpassivating TMAH solutions suggest that pH cannot be considered as the sole parameter affecting aluminum selectivity. Al dissolution was observed in the solutions doped below the Al passivating concentration, while no Al dissolution occurred in the solutions doped above the Al passivating concentration, consistent with reported results. Al(OH) - 4 ions were detected as products of the Al dissolution in the nonpassivating solutions which suggests Al dissolution chemistry in TMAH resembling Al dissolution chemistry in other alkaline solvents. A surface coating layer was observed on the surface of undissolved aluminum. Raman measurements indicate that the coating layer consists primarily of vitreous silica with some embedded nonpolymerized Si-O-Al units. The silica coating layer is suggested as the Al protective layer against TMAH etching.


This article, which stems from a research on the subject of noncontractual
civil liability from a terminological and terminographical point of view,
analyses several cases of terms that without being full synonyms to each other,
get to the point of getting mixed and finally end up designating, without
distinction, one sole notion, a sort of extension of the notion of synonymy.
This paper aims to dismantle the mechanism of these cases of improper
synonymy, firstly by accusing and proving their presence and the examples
which betray it, and ultimately by indicating the rules that will help make the
most accurate semantic distinction of their components.


1. Fire extinguishing system for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning of the vehicle (HVAC), which includes: a refrigerant circuit through which circulates flammable refrigerant, a pressure sensor operatively connected to the circulation loop to detect the pressure reduction; collision sensor operatively connected to the transport means for detecting a collision; distribution system feeding the extinguishing agent; a controller receiving a pressure signal from the pressure sensor and a collision signal from a collision sensor and trigger sistemu.2 distribution. Fire extinguishing system according to Claim. 1 further comprising a temperature sensor mounted in the vehicle, in which, in addition to the signal pressure and a collision signal before switching controller extinguishing system receives a signal about temperature.3. Fire extinguishing system according to claim. 2, further comprising a coolant temperature sensor dvigatelya.4. Fire extinguishing system according to claim. 2, further comprising a sensor gazov.5 exhaust temperature. according to claim Extinguishing System. 1, further comprising a system for calculating the load on the engine, which receives the working vehicle data and calculates a value corresponding to the engine load, wherein the addition signal of the pressure signal on collision before switching extinguishing system controller receives a load value on dvigatel.6. Fire extinguishing system according to Claim. 1, wherein the pressure sensor is a pressure sensor in the air conditioning system, which detects the pressure reduction in contour


We extend the mathematical model for algae growth as described in Pham Thi (2006) [7] to include new effects. The roles of light, nutrients and acidity of the water body are taken into account. Important properties of the model such as existence and uniqueness of solution, as well as boundedness and positivity are investigated. We also discuss the numerical integration of the resulting systemof ordinary differential equations andderive a conditionwhich guarantees positivity of the numerical solution. The behavior of themodel is demonstrated by numerical experiments. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Selaginella hainanensis X.C.Zhang & Noot. sp. nov., a new species from Hainan Island, South China, is described and illustrated. Diagnostic notes and a key to the species distributed in Hainan are also provided. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148, 323–327.


In this paper, we focus on the problem of connected k-coverage in planar wireless sensor networks (PWSNs), where every point in a field of interest (FoI) is covered by at least $k$ sensors simultaneously, while all the participating sensors are mutually connected, where k > 1. To this end, we develop a global framework using a square tessellation that considers both deterministic and stochastic sensing models. Initially, we tessellate a planar FoI into adjacent and congruent square tiles. In each tile of this tessellation, we construct a cusp-square area for sensor placement to achieve k-coverage. Based on this cusp-squared square tile configuration, we compute the minimum sensor density that is required for deterministic and stochastic k-coverage in PWSNs. Then, we establish the necessary relationship that should exist between the sensing and communication ranges of the sensors to maintain network connectivity in k-covered PWSNs. Finally, we propose our stochastic k-coverage protocol for sensor scheduling and substantiate our theoretical analysis with simulation results.


ObjectivesTo explore the risk factors of Klebsiella Bacillus infection in child pneumonia.MethodsFourteen risk factors were studied retrospectively by non conditional logistic regression analysis in 35 cases of child pneumonia with Klebsiella bacillus infection and 55 cases of bacterial infection with non Klebsiella Bacillus hospitalized at the same time.ResultsMultiple factors non conditional logistic regression analysis showed that course of disease(OR=1.184, 95%CI=1.025~1.269), the kinds of combined antibiotics(OR=5.867,95%CI=2.526~13.627), the number of days in cephalosporin administration (OR=1.678,95%CI:=1.531~1.839), the application of immuno suppressive drugs (OR=2.699,95%CI:=1.273~ 5.721 )and repeated infection of respiratory tract(OR=4.089,95%CI:=2.351~7.112)were the independent risk factors in child pneumonia with Klebsiella Bacillus infection.ConclusionChild pneumonia with Klebsiella Bacillus infection is related to multiple factors, its main risk factors include course of disease, the combined application of antibiotics、the cephalosporin administration, using of immunosuppressive drugs and repeated infection of respiratory tract.


The main aim of Plato's The Republic is to demonstrate what is justice in itself and justice is a good value by itself.In doing so,he employs five methods:he uses the method of revealing contradiction to uncover the contradictions that lie in the definition of justice in daily life;second,he uses the method of extreme situations to demonstrate that justice means benefit,strength and happiness even if just people are in such a situation that they will be hurt while unjust people gain all profit,and people can be invisible in such an extreme situation;third,he uses the method of demonstrating the small ones among the large ones to show that justice means all elements can function well and are harmonious;fourth,he uses the method of cultivation to reveal how our characters are cultivated;finally,he uses the method of compensation through eternal life to assure that the just soul will be finally happy from the view of eternal life.These five methods show a system of methods which is excellent.


This essay is written in conversation with Imogene Lim's "It's 2017!" as a part of a Forum Discussion on the politics of naming, racialization and difference in British Columbia.


We have investigated non-linear electrical characteristics in low bandwidth manganites R1-xCaxMnO3 with R=Pr, Nd, Ho, Er and x=0.3-0.5. In all these materials we observe strong nonlinear I-V characteristic that is manifested in negative differential resistance (NDR) and breakdown voltages Vbr as low as few volts. These effects are accompanied by intense Joule heating that seems to be inseparable from the effect itself. We present different types of measurements with the aim to resolve the origin of the phenomena. Melting of insulating state is observed regardless of its origin - antiferromagnetic, charge ordered or paramagnetic. This nonlinearity is found to have microscopic origin, indicating that it is some sort of percolation effect. Hysteretic effects also indicate that the heating is not the only cause of NDR. Theory of phase separation gives a plausible explanation for these nonlinearities, although it appears to be diffcult to prove. Pulsed and relaxation measurements show that the effect is time-dependent, similarly to nonlinearities induced by magnetic field.


The article constructed the traditional assessment index system and the synthetic assessment index system for the provincial tourism industry strength,and then the Guangxi tourism industry strength and its national place are evaluated and analyzed by using these two index systems respectively.Based on the integrated studies of the internal and external environment and conditions,the 2006-2020 target system which is about the construction of tourism industry in GuangXi is proposed,it is also proposed that five aspect countermeasures should be taken to promote the construction of strong tourism province,which take the"government leading,region cooperation,industry linking, resources integration,enterprise efficiency"as the overall guiding ideology.


Tthe present study has been conducted to investigate the potency of thymoquinone (TQ) in ameleorating the pathological changes of pancreas, liver, and kidneys in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Sixty five adult male rats (aged 56 days and weighted 138±8.8g) were subjected to five equal groups (13 male rats each), non-diabetic control and four diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by single injection with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.w., i.p .). Rats ≥ 200 mg/dl of blood glucose were used as diabetic. Diabetic groups (DM, TQ50, TQ100, and DMI) were drenched with drinking water, TQ (50 mg/kg, bw), TQ (100 mg/kg, bw), or injected with insulin (4 IU/animal), respectively, for 6 weeks. Twenty four hours after the last day of experiment, male rats has been anaesthesized, sacrificed, and pancreatic, liver, and kidney tissues were removed and fixed in formalin (10%) for histopathological examination. Histological findings of thymoquinone treated (TQ50 and TQ100 groups) pancreases revealed normal cellularity of islets of Langerhans and normal exocrine tissue except few congestion, whereas those obtained from non treated diabetic rats (DM group) showed complet impairment of some islands and highly destructed of others. Normal hepatic architecture with the appearance of radiating shape around the central vein, has been shown in the section obtained from thymoquinone treated diabetic rats (TQ50 and TQ100 groups) except few congestion, obvious regeneration and mitotic division in the nuclei of hepatocytes. Sections obtained from non treated diabetic male rats (DM group) showed sever congestion, large thrombi in the hepatic tissue, and loss of hepatic architecture with sever hemorrhage, degeneration in hepatocytes, and dilation of sinusoids. Section obtained from kidneys of thymoquinone treated diabetic rats (TQ50 and TQ100 groups) reveales normal renal convoluted tubules with normal epithelium of the tubules and high cellularity of glomeruli. Whearas those obtained from non treated diabetic male rats (DM group) revealed dilation of renal convoluted tubules with necrosis in the epithelium of the tubules and sever hemorrhage in the renal tissue. It can be concluded that drenching of 100 mg/kg of TQ for 6 weeks has potent ameliorating and regenerative effect of pancreas, liver, and kidneys in experimentally-induced diabetic male rats.


A system in which haptic effects are generated using an actuator receives a frequency response for the actuator at a standard voltage and generates a lookup table for an overdrive voltage based on the frequency response. The system then receives a haptic signal for the haptic effect and extracts one or more frequencies for the haptic signal. The system then determines the corresponding overdrive voltage from the lookup table for each of the frequencies and, for each of the frequencies, applies the corresponding overdrive voltage to the actuator. The overdrive voltage is greater than or equal to the standard voltage.


In last decades, the electric power demand has been rapidly growing in China, leading to the need for large-capacity power transmission at long-distances, stability of the transmission grid and improvement of power quality. Superconducting power technology could be a possible answer satisfying these needs. Therefore, several superconducting grid components have been developed and demonstrated recently. In this report, we will briefly describe the demonstrations of superconducting power technology in a power substation, DC power cable and fault current limiter. China is a country where most of the power sources are located in the western and northwestern regions of the country, while most of the load centers are located in the southern and eastern regions. This distribution landscape of power and load leads to a large-scale national power grid, in which all regional grids are interconnected and thus the national power grid covers almost all of the territory of the immense country. In last decades, the power demand has been increasing at a very high speed so that by now the power grid of China became the largest power grid of the world. Its power capacity will be further increased by about 7% annually until the year 2025. For these reasons, it becomes increasingly diffficult to transport large amounts of electricity over long-distances, and to maintain the stability and reliability of the power grid. Superconducting power technology would be a possible solution for these challenges facing the future power grid of China, and thus this technology is being developed widely. In this article, the status and progress of superconducting power substation, DC power cable and fault current limiter demonstrations will be briefly reported.


Deltas are fragile, dynamic landforms at the boundary of land and ocean. They belong to the most valuable, but at the same time also to the most vulnerable areas in the world. With increasing pressure from population growth, industrialization and changing climate, it is more important than ever that these locations increase their resilience to changing conditions. The mission of Delta Alliance International is to improve the resilience of deltas. It is a knowledge driven global network that connects people and organisations dealing with the challenges that deltas are facing worldwide.


OBJECTIVES
The ability to reconstruct hip joint mobility from femora and pelves could provide insight into the locomotion and paleobiology of fossil primates. This study presents a method for modeling hip abduction in anthropoids validated with in vivo data.

METHODS
Hip abduction simulations were performed on a large sample of anthropoids. The modeling approach integrates three-dimensional (3D) polygonal models created from laser surface scans of bones, 3D landmark data, and shape analysis software to digitally articulate and manipulate the hip joint. Range of femoral abduction (degrees) and the abducted knee position (distance spanned at the knee during abduction) were compared with published live animal data.

RESULTS
The models accurately estimate knee position and (to a lesser extent) angular abduction across broad locomotor groups. They tend to underestimate abduction for acrobatic or suspensory taxa, but overestimate it in more stereotyped taxa. Correspondence between in vivo and in silico data varies at the specific and generic level.

CONCLUSIONS
Our models broadly correspond to in vivo data on hip abduction, although the relationship between the models and live animal data is less straightforward than hypothesized. The models can predict acrobatic or stereotyped locomotor adaptation for taxa with values near the extremes of the range of abduction ability. Our findings underscore the difficulties associated with modeling complex systems and the importance of validating in silico models. They suggest that models of joint mobility can offer additional insight into the functional abilities of extinct primates when done in consideration of how joints move and function in vivo. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:529-548, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Many veterans of Vietnam will tell you they went to war with images of John Wayne and the Sands oflwojima (1949) in their heads. They have probably forgotten that Wayne played a depressed, angry alcoholic in the movie and that he dies in the end. The intended hero of the film is not even Wayne at all but the gentle John Agar, who would never want his son to grow up to be a Marine. Not very long after the release of the movie, the men who fought in Iwo Jima, or their younger brothers, went back to war in Korea. Their sons came of age in time for the television reruns of Sands oflwojima and service in Vietnam. The manifest content of the war movies of the 1950s, whether set in World War II or Korea, was prowar. Every service in the military got at least one feature film celebrating its exploits: frogmen, subma rines, aircraft carriers, close air support units, the ser vice academies (West Point Story in 1950, Air Cadet in 1951) the Coast Guard, the Marines (several times) even the exploits of the former enemy (Desert Fox, 1951). The pull of World War II, film historian Thomas Doherty has written, "wasn't merely the attraction of adventure romance, or high melodrama but the consolation of closure and the serenity of moral certainty. For Holly wood and American culture the Second World War would always be a safe berth" (1). But many of these films, including Sands oflwojima, contain a powerful undercurrent that pulls the other way, towards a recog nition of the futility of war. The movies set in Korea protest against its renewal so soon after what had seemed a conclusive victory. William Styron was one of those recalled for service in Korea. He observed bitterly, "War was no longer simply a temporary madness .... War had at last become the human condition" (2). No one went to Vietnam cherishing images of the Bridges ofToko-Ri (1955). Vietnam War movies reverse the pattern. The manifest content of almost all of them is antiwar, but according to Anthony Swofford Deer Hunter (1978) is an influential film about returning Vietnam veterans. that is not how they were viewed by young men on their way to the battlefield. At a Marine Corps base in the Mojave Desert in 1990, waiting to be sent to war in Iraq, Swofford's platoon drank beer and watched Apocalypse Now (1979) and Full Metal Jacket (1987). Civil ians might leave the theatre weeping over the inhumanity of war, Swofford observes. The men in the Mojave were "excited by them, because the magic brutality of the films celebrates the terrible and despicable beauty of their fighting skills. Fight, rape, war, pillage, burn. Filmic images of death and carnage are pornography for the military man . ..." A young man "raised on the films of the Vietnam War," Swofford wants his "ammunition and alcohol and dope, I want to screw some whores and kill some Iraqi motherfuckers"(3). I am not certain what movies young men and women are raised on these days, but it is important for those of us who teach the history of the war in Vietnam to understand the shifting resonance of movies whose meaning we may have thought constant. The coda to many courses on the Vietnam War is a discussion of the war in memory. Sometimes the war in memory is the course taught, whatever the inten tion of the instructor. Novels, memoirs, and feature movies are all available in abundance to help make the war vivid to undergraduates, for whom it is increas ingly remote. Of course, the movies the faculty may have experienced as fresh renderings of the recent past are themselves now to be seen only on late night television or in college classrooms. Teaching the history of the war in the late 1970s or 1980s meant classrooms filled with students who felt they had been there. They were 18 and 19 year-old Americans who went to movies about Vietnam as if to the country itself and remem bered the movies later as one would a trip to another country. Young Americans had little difficulty inserting themselves into these movie memories because, like most of the novels and memoirs of Vietnam,


The utility model relates to a dust cover of a damper. The dust cover of the damper comprises a small-end portion, a bellows-shaped cover body and a big-end portion which are integrally connected, the framework is arranged on the cover body, the cover body comprises a plurality of convex portions and concave portions, the convex portions and the concave portions are connected in sequence, and the framework is arranged on the convex portions and/or the concave portions. The framework is arranged on the cover body of the dust cover of the damper, radial rigidity of the cover body is improved, negative pressure deformation of the dust cover of the damper is avoided, the dust cover of the damper has good dustproof and waterproof effects, and service life of the whole damper can be prolonged further.


Background Although a family history of schizophrenia is the strongest individual risk factor for schizophrenia, environmental factors related to urbanicity may contribute to a substantial proportion of the population occurrence of the disease. Aims This study replicates previous findings in four mutually exclusive Danish study populations, including out-patient information, ICD–10 diagnoses of schizophrenia, and a broader adjustment for mental illness in family members. Method We established a population-based cohort of 2.66 million Danish people using data from the Civil Registration System linked with the Psychiatric Case Register. Results Overall, 10 264 persons developed schizophrenia during the 50.7 million person-years of follow-up. The risk of schizophrenia was increased by urbanicity of place of birth and by family history of schizophrenia or other mental disorders. Conclusions Urban–rural differences of schizophrenia risk were replicated and could not be associated with the potential sources of bias we assessed. Environmental factors underlying the effect of place of birth are major determinants of schizophrenia occurrence at the population level, although the effect of family history is the strongest at the individual level.


As the heat flux sensor calibration`s using conditions and the conditions of demarcate the sensor is inconsistent coefficient C,it would results in large measurement errors when using Heat flow meter to detect the heat transfer coefficient of the wall. This Article is research on the methods that applicate the hot-box to demarcate the heat flux sensor calibration coefficients C. The results show that using flat tests to calibrate the heat flux sensor`s coefficient C is 12.2%∼18.9% smaller than applicating the protective box. Utilization protective box to calibrate heat flow meter is feasible,and the methods is simple, high precision, convenient and quick.


A simplified turbulent model and a modified k-Σ two equation model are proposed todescribe the liquid velocity profiles in a bubble column taking into consideration of the effect of gasdrag force and gas hold-up.In the simplified mode1 the Reynolds equation of motion was adoptedand the turbulent viscosity was calculated from an empirical correlation which was deduced fromour experimental data.The calculated liquid velocity profiles were compared between the proposedmodel and the standard k-Σ two equation model as well as experimental data.The result shows thatthe proposed model simulates and predicts the liquid velocity field most satisfactorily and in goodagreement with the experimental measurement.


Abstract A new method for purification of UDPgalactose: ceramide galactosyltransferase (EC 184.108.40.206) is described. The principal steps involved solvent extraction at—70°, Triton X‐100 extraction, and DEAE‐Sephadex and Blue Sepharose chromatography. The active configuration of the enzyme was stabilized by phospholipids and a rapid loss of enzymatic activity was observed after removal of these lipids. The inactive enzyme could be fully reactivated in the presence of brain phospholipids dispersed in a Triton X‐100‐containing buffer. The purified enzyme preparation showed two major components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate with apparent molecular weights of 50–70,000. The 53,000‐dalton protein was isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and used to produce antibodies against UDPgalactosexeramide galactosyltransferase.


In order to study the activity of the different desaturases present in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway of the Egyptian armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis, we report the preparation, characterization and the desaturase inhibition of a series of monoand gemdifluorinated analogues of myristic acid with halogen substitution at C8-C11 positions of the aliphatic chain via specifically positioned dithiane precursors. Thus, transformation of dithianes by treatment with NBS in presence of H2O followed by reduction with LiAlH4 afforded the appropriate alcohols which reacted with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) to give rise to the corresponding monofluoroderivative intermediates. Alternatively, the introduction of the gem-difluoro functionality was carried out by reaction of the appropriate dithiane intermediate with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in presence of HF/pyridine. The activity of these fluorinated fatty acids as substrates and inhibitors of the desaturases involved in the biosynthesis of the sex pheromonal blend of Spodoptera littoralis has been studied. In this case, 11-fluorotetradecanoic acid elicited a moderate inhibitory activity in front of Δ desaturase. INTRODUCTION Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in living organisms occurs by the direct introduction of double bonds into a saturated precursor in a remarkable reaction that is catalyzed by specific desaturases. Furthermore, in insects, some moth pheromone glands contain additional desaturases that transform unsaturated fatty acids to conjugated dienoic acids. In order to gain insight into general aspects of desaturase enzyme catalysis mechanism, studies on the activity of the above mentioned enzymes are also desirable. In this context, we have recently demonstrated some important features on that desaturation mechanism of the fatty acid dienoic functionality of the Egyptian armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis, sex pheromone blend by studying the stereochemistry (1-3) and cryptoregiochemistry (4,5) of the desaturation process. However, our ongoing interest in the above desaturases has led us to undertake the search for specific enzyme inhibitors that could be useful in such studies. In this sense, replacement of hydrogen by fluorine in those positions of the aliphatic chain closer to the interaction with the enzyme active center of Δ and Δ desaturases might be effective. Previous work of our laboratory has shown that different mono-and difluoropalmitic acids can inhibit the β-oxidation step of the biosynthesis of (Z,E)-9,11tetradecadienyl acetate, the major component of S. littoralis sex pheromone blend (6-9). In insect sex pheromone we (10-12) and others (13,14) demonstrated that replacements of hydrogen atom(s) by fluorine mimic, potentiate or inhibit the action of the natural products. Recently, Behrouzian et al. (15,16) have studied the desaturation of both enantiomers of 9-fluoroderivatives of stearic acids by stearoyl acyl carrier protein Δ desaturase isolated from castor seed oil in which valuable new insights into the enantioselectivity of this enzyme in the dehydrogenation and oxidation reactions were obtained. In our case, we were interested in studying the activity of those monoand gemdifluoroderivatives of myristic acids bearing the fluorine substitution at C8-C11 positions. For this it was required to develope a versatile synthetic route which could also eventually be adapted to the preparation of the corresponding enantiomeric monofluorinated derivatives. In the present communication we report on this synthetic route and on the preliminary results of the activity of the above fluorinated analogs with the Δ desaturase of S. littoralis. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES General Methods. Commercial grade reagents and solvents were directly used as supplied with the following excepcions: diethyl ether and THF were distilled over Na/benzophenone under argon atmosphere. Reactions sensitive to moisture and oxygen were carried out under argon or nitrogen atmosphere. Unless otherwise stated, organic solutions obtained from workup of crude reaction mixtures were dried over anhydrous MgSO4, purification procedures were carried out by flash chromatography on silica gel (230-400 mesh) and products were mostly obtained as oils and they were at least 98% pure (GC). Visualization of UV-inactive materials was accomplished by soaking the TLC plates in a ethanolic solution of anisaldehyd and sulfuric acid (v/v/v, 96:2:2) or in an ethanolic solution of phosphomolybdic acid (5%). All H NMR spectra were acquired at 300 MHz, and C NMR spectra, at 75 MHz in CDCl3 solutions, and chemical shifts are given in ppm downfield from Si(CH3)4 for H, and CDCl3 for C. In the same way, F NMR spectra were acquired at 282 MHz and are reported in ppm downfield from CFCl3. Assignment of critical signals in the C NMR spectra was carried out on the basis of distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT). GC/MS was performed by electron impact at 20 eV using the equipment and conditions described below. All IR spectra were run on a Michelson Bomem MB-120 spectrometer. Elemental analysis were obtained in the Microanalysis Service of IIQAB-CSIC. In Vitro Gland Culture Procedure. Inhibition of Δ desaturase activity by the fluorinated derivatives synthesized was also investigated using d3tetradecanoic acid as substrate and determining the amounts of d3(E)-11-tetradecenoic acic formed in controls and experimental glands. These experiments were carried out using round-bottom-96 well plates. To each well, a 10 μL drop of incubation medium was added. The incubation medium consisted of the commercial Grace ́s insect medium (17) (135 μL) and a DMSO solution (15 μL) of a 1:1:1 mixture of d316:acid/d314:acid/fluoroacid (10 mg/mL each) for treated tissues or a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of d314:Acid (10 mg/mL) for controls. One-day-old virgin S. littoralis females were briefly anesthetized on ice and the pheromone glands were excised, carefully cleaned and immersed individually into a drop of the incubation medium. Plates were sealed with adherent plastic covers and incubations proceeded for 3 h at 25 oC. After this time, to obtain the methyl ester derivatives of the gland lipids for analysis, pheromone glands were collected and soaked in 0.5 M KOH for 30 min, and then the organic solution was neutralized with 1 N HCl and extracted with hexane containing methyl pentadecanoate (10 ng/gland) as internal standard for quantification. Five glands were used for each sample. Instrumental Analysis of the Biological Extracts. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), at 70 eV, on a Fisons gas chromatograph (8000 series) coupled to a Fisons MD-800 mass selective detector. The system was equipped with a non-polar Hewlett Packard HP-1 capillary column (30 m x 0.20 mm I.D) using the following program: from 120 oC to 180 oC at 5 oC/min and then 260 oC at 2 oC/min after an initial delay of 2 min. Analyses were carried out under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Selected ions were 245 (trideuterated methyl tetradecanoate, M ), 242 (methyl tetradecanoate, M ), 243 (trideuterated methyl (Z)11 and (E)-11 tetradecenoates, M ), 240 (methyl (Z)-11 and (E)-11 tetradecenoates, M ). To investigate the conversion of the fluorofatty acids into their unsaturated derivatives, the analyses of the corresponding methyl esters were carried out under the full scan method. Preparation of products 4a-d, 5a-d and 6a-d were carried out according to previously described procedures (4,18). Synthesis of dithianes 7a-d. General Procedure. These products were obtained following the procedure reported by Seebach et al. (19). To a solution of the dithiane 6 (10 mmol) in 15 mL of dry THF and kept at -20 oC was added 12 mmol of an hexane BuLi solution (7.5 mL, 1.6M). The pale colored reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, cooled at -78 oC and kept for 10 min and then product 5 (8 mmol) was added dropwise and stirring was continued at -78 oC for 2 h. The resulting solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and the solvent was then evaporated. The residue was suspended in 50 mL of H2O, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using a gradient of 0-10% MTBE in hexane to give the pure dithiane 7 in 74-80% yields. 2-Propyl-2-(11,13-dioxatetradecyl)-1,3-dithiane (7a). (2.15 g, 74% yield); IR 2930, 2855, 1465, 1275, 1150, 1110, 1045, 920 cm ; H NMR δ 4.62 (s, 2H, OCH2O), 3.52 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H, CH2O), 3.36 (s, 3H, OCH3), 2.81 (4H, SCH2), 2.02-1.90 (2H, CH2CH2S), 1.90-1.80 (4H, SSCCH2), 1.66-1.50 (2H, CH2CH2O), 1.50-1.40 (2H, CH2CH3), 1.42-1.23 (14H, CH2), 0.94 (t, J = 7 Hz, 3H, CH3); C NMR δ 96.3 (OCH2O), 67.8 (CH2O), 55.0 (OCH3), 53.3 (CSS), 40.4 (CH2CSS), 38.2 (CH2CSS), 29.8 (CH2S), 29.7 (CH2S), 29.5 (CH2), 29.5(CH2), 29.4 (CH2), 29.4 (CH2), 26.2 (CH2), 26.0 (CH2), 25.6 (CH2), 24.0 (CH2), 17.4 (CH2CH3), 14.3 (CH3); MS m/z 362 (M , 15), 319 (20), 287 (15), 161 (100); Anal. Calcd for C19H38O2S2: C, 62.93; H, 10.56; S, 17.68. Found: C, 62.84; H, 10.47; S, 17.56. Synthesis of ketones 8a-d from dithianes 7a-d. General procedure. To a solution of NBS (5.45 g, 30 mmol) in 47 mL of acetone and 2.5 mL of H2O kept at -30 oC was added dropwise 1.81 g of dithiane 7 (5 mmol) dissolved in 50 mL of the same solvent mixture. Stirring was continued for 5 min and a 10% Na2S2O3 water solution was added until the orange colour of the solution disappeared. The solvent was evaporated at reduced pressure, the residue extracted with CH2Cl2, dried and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using a gradient of 010% MTBE in hexane to give the pure ketones in 87-92% yields. 15,17-Dioxa-4-octadecanone (8a). (1.25 g, 92% yield); IR 2930, 2855, 1715 (CO), 1465, 1410, 1370, 1150, 1110, 1045, 920 cm ; H NMR δ 4.62 (s, 2H, OCH2O), 3.51 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H, CH2O), 3.36 (s, 3H, OCH3), 2


A subsystem for text-to-speech (TTS) conversion for Macedonian language as a part of a system for support of humans with damaged sight will be presented in this paper. The whole system includes recognition of printed Cyrilli c text, archiving, TTS conversion and printing on a Braill e printer. A subsystem for real-time TTS conversion from unrestricted text is under development. The whole architecture of the subsystem and some of its major modules will be presented here.


Data hiding methods can be used by intruders to communicate over open data channels (Wolf 1989; McHugh 1995; deVivo, deVivo et al. 1999), and can be used to overcome firewalls, and most other forms of network intrusion detection systems. In fact, most detection systems can detect hidden data in the payload, but struggle to cope with data hidden in the IP and TCP packet headers, or in the session layer protocol. This paper contains proposes a novel architecture for data hiding, and presents methods which can be used to detect the hidden data and prevent the use of covert channels for its transmission. It also presents the method used in creating a system for Microsoft Windows.


This report summarizes the development of sensor particles for remote detection of trace chemical analytes over broad areas, e.g residual trinitrotoluene from buried landmines or other unexploded ordnance (UXO). We also describe the potential of the sensor particle approach for the detection of chemical warfare (CW) agents. The primary goal of this work has been the development of sensor particles that incorporate sample preconcentration, analyte molecular recognition, chemical signal amplification, and fluorescence signal transduction within a ''grain of sand''. Two approaches for particle-based chemical-to-fluorescence signal transduction are described: (1) enzyme-amplified immunoassays using biocompatible inorganic encapsulants, and (2) oxidative quenching of a unique fluorescent polymer by TNT.


Urban life in a low-income neighbourhood of a Latin-American city does not encourage political activity or radical political attitudes. In a neighbourhood populated mainly by migrants, inhabitants are politically conscious, aware of their relative poverty and have access to reform-orientated political parties. Yet there is little evidence of consistent and active support for political parties of any kind. This is accounted for by the absence of social cleavages in the economic and social structure of a city that has little industrialization or bureaucratization. There are no bases for political action among low-income inhabitants beyond that offered by neighbourhood problems. Residents develop individual sets of spatially extensive and socially heterogeneous relations to cope with urban life. These sets of relations and the nature of neighbourhood problems militate against united political action.


Both Focusing-Oriented Paychotherapy and Dohsa Therapy consider bodily sense the essential condition in psychotherapy. Although they appear very different from each other, similar processes to Focusing-Oriented Psychotherapy sometimes occur in Dohsa Therapy sessions, and some of Dohsa Therapy skills sometimes facilitate Focusing-Oriented Paychotherapy sessions. Undergraduate students of my seminar had five weekly sessions of Dohsa Therapy and five weekly sessions of Focusing. After five sessions of Dohsa therapy, students came to be sensitive to their bodily sense, found their own bodies not so controllable as they had expected them to be, and became aware of relationships between how their bodies were and how their lives were. All of them felt relaxed after each session. After five sessions of Focusing, they felt a little embarrassed because "Felt Sense" , bodily sense in Focusing, was more delicate and obscure than that in Dohsa Therapy. On the other hand, they found "Felt Sense" more multifaceted, which intrigued them a lot. Some of them came to be able to take an adequate distance from "Felt Sense", and to get along with what couldn't be expressed in words. Donuma examined the psychological awakening and awareness that she had through body in experiencing the process-oriented psychotherapy and the horotropic breathing psychotherapy. As a result, she found that body is spiritual being and that past experience is remembered through body. Furthermore, she discovered that body and mind are closely connected.


The invention discloses a method for converting water solubility for reducing biotoxicity of a luminous quantum dot synthesized by an organic phase, which comprises the following steps of: dispersing the quantum dot into an organic solvent, then adding a silane reagent without a functional group into the solvent, allowing the silane reagent to be exchanged with a ligand on the surface of the quantum dot, wherein the concentration of the quantum dot in the organic solvent is 0.03 to 1.0mg/mL; preparing aqueous phase solution with a hydrophilic functional group; and mixing the quantum dot organic solvent and the aqueous phase solution with stirring to perform reaction to transfer the quantum dot to the aqueous phase solution. By using the converting method, the water-soluble quantum dot which is coated with a functionalized SiO2 outer shell, and has low biotoxicity and the diameter of less than or equal to 10nm is obtained; and the quantum dot has the characteristics of high biological adaptability, high fluorescence quantum efficiency, wide excitation band, narrow luminous spectrum, adjustable emitting color and the like.


[1] In winter, a thermohaline front forms at the Yellow Sea (YS) entrance where the warm and saline Cheju Warm Current (CWC) water meets cold coastal water. The frontal structure, as well as the northwestward intrusion of the warm water, was investigated by analyzing conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data, tracks of drifting floats, moored current data, and satellite images. The CWC water advances westward as a tongue with its tip heading westward across the YS entrance, not intruding northward along the deepest part of the YS trough, whereas a secondary warm water band is developed northwestward along the western flank of the trough. Floats in the warm tongue moved northwestward across the western frontal zone where the frontal structure was weak, reflecting the northwestward intrusion along the 50–70 m isobaths through the frontal zone. Currents in the trough do not always meet the upwind flow theory that, in an elongated basin, the wind-driven flow is upwind in the deep channel, but rather show the predominance of the southward downwind flow. Model experiments show that on the western flank of the trough, both the southeastward tide-induced residual flow and the southeastward flow due to the nonlinear effect between tide and wind are generated at the same time. Thus the intermittent intrusion of the CWC across the western frontal zone may be closely associated with the predominance of the upwind flow over the southeastward nonlinear interacted flow.


Floristic studies help us to assess the plant wealth and its potentiality of any given area. Floristic studies also help us to understand the basic aspects of biology such as speciation, isolation, endemism and evolution. Flora of any area is not fixed up. It changes from time to time. Various ecological factors, mostly biotic, change the floristic components. The total number of species may be changed; dominant species may be replaced with other species; the floristic composition, i.e., family: genus: species ratio may be changed. Umargam taluka is selected for the floristic studies. Whole area is rich in plant diversity. Floristic study of Convolvulaceae family in Umargam taluka, Valsad district, Gujarat, India, was carried out. A total of 23species under 8 genera belonging to the family Convolvulaceae were collected and identified. For each species botanical name, local name, habitat, flowering time, distribution and Taxonomic description have been mentioned.


A country's urban silhouettes prophesy its future climate policy, or so this paper argues. The more its city silhouettes are skewed to the periphery, the more likely a country is to implement the carbon tax. This is why the effect of a country's urban form on greenhouse gas emissions -- a bone of contention in the recent literature -- cannot be separated from that country's choice of carbon tax. From this paper's perspective, a country with greater city silhouette skews may emit less greenhouse gases not so much because its cities are more compact but because it places a higher price on carbon consumption.


Food safety issues have received increased attention from scientific and consumer groups alike in recent years. Pathogenic microbiological agents have been shown to be a major contributor to food-borne illnesses in the United States. The presence and cost of these pathogens has become a major issue for policy makers, consumers, and producers;Estimated economic losses to society attributable to food-borne diseases have been large. These estimated losses usually have been based on direct consumer losses and likely represent an underestimation of the true economic costs. Morbidity costs, such as consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce their chance of becoming sick from a food-borne sickness, have not been included, leading to an underestimation of economic costs;With this in mind, this study focuses on developing an experimental approach which can be used to evaluate consumer WTP for safer food and willingness to accept (WTA) a typical unsafe food. Information on consumers' WTP and WTA for food safety is obtained through a nonhypothetical laboratory experimental approach. The often-observed divergences in WTP and WTA measures of market and nonmarket goods are examined and explained. A Vickrey second-price sealed-bid auction, with multiple trials, was used to elicit consumers' WTP and WTA values. Five food-borne pathogens were analyzed: Campylobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Trichinella spiralis. Experiments were conducted on WTP and WTA for all five pathogens. Iowa State University students were the participants for each experiment. A new set of participants was used for each experiment;This study examined the disparity between WTP and WTA measures for a food item, a market good, and for food safety, a nonmarket good. Results showed that the disparity of these two measures is very small for perfect substitutes such as food and wealth. However, observed divergences were much larger for the imperfect substitutes such as food safety and wealth;The results indicate that WTP is more appropriate than WTA for food safety policy analysis. This provides a better estimate of society's WTP and the economic value of enhanced food safety measures. The WTP to completely remove food-borne pathogens from the U.S. food supply was estimated at 91 billion, a value which is far greater than that provided in previous research.


In this paper,we described briefly the different forms of shading and the choosing of shade or non-shade cultivation about Yunnan Arabian coffee which planted in high altitude,analyzed the problem of shading cultivation technology in the promotion and application process and emphasized the importance of technology specification.The aim is to exerting the advantage of coffee shading cultivation and to promoting the sustainable development of the Yunnan coffee production.


This paper presents a novel slice-based approach to detect pedestrians in still images. A pedestrian is divided into limited numbers of slice-based sub-regions through a spatio-temporal slice processing. First, sub-regions of interest are detected in different spatio-temporal slice images. Then, a clustering algorithm is proposed to combine these sub-regions into individual pedestrians based on their consistent motion patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed method can tolerate sub-region missing, i.e. partial occlusions, and reduce the computational cost.


The copolymerization of acrylonitrile (r1) and p-acetoxystyrene (r2) in bulk yields reactivity ratios r1 = 0.08 and r2 = 0.42. Crosslinked resins are readily obtained by a new type of precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile, p-acetoxystyrene, and divinylbenzene. After deacetylation, the phenolic groups afford useful attachment sites for protected amino acids as a first stage in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Reactivity of typical 10% functionalized polyacrylonitrile-based resins is comparable to that of the more usual polystyrene-based equivalents, although swelling characteristics of the two types of resin are very different.


An inexpensive, simple, and sensitive workbench setup has been developed to determine the transfer impedance Z/sub t/ of shielded connectors. The injection current is measured by an inductive sensor integrated in the setup. The induced voltage is determined by a spectrum/network analyzer. The overall sensitivity is 3 /spl mu//spl Omega/ or better; the frequency range is up to 1 GHz. No special calibration samples are needed. As a demonstration the Z/sub t/ is measured for both a coaxial tube with a small hole in the shield which provides a mutual inductance of 0.1 pH. Improvements in the design of the shield of a telecommunication connector are presented. Results for some common connectors are given; the transfer impedances for these connectors ranges from 1 m/spl Omega/ to more than 100 m/spl Omega/ at 1 GHz.


Introduction Romantic Poets and Gothic Culture Radical Gothic: Politics and Antiquarianism in Salisbury Plain (1794) 'By Gothic Virtue Won': Romantic Poets Fighting the Peninsular War Wordsworth's Gothic Education Conclusion: The Staring Nation


Abstract In this study, efficient Bayes estimators of sensitive proportion are proposed. It is documented that indirect reports increase variances of the estimates. To counteract this increase in variances we divided the total sample size, n = n 1+n 2, such that n 1 individuals record direct responses and n 2 individuals record indirect responses. The decision that a group of individuals should report indirect or direct responses would be based on distinct known factors. Bayes estimates and subsequent posterior risks are calculated taking into account different prior distributions, loss functions and a generalized randomized response technique. The impact of design parameters and the number of responses obtained using direct and indirect questioning techniques on the relative efficiencies are investigated. Graphical and numerical results indicate that the proposed estimators are better than the existing.


We propose and demonstrate a two dimensional/three dimensional hybrid channel AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure with a flat transconductance profile using polarization-induced channel engineering. A quasi three dimensional electron gas profile with 5–6 nm of vertical channel depth was formed by grading the channel region linearly from GaN to Al0.15Ga0.85 N over 50 A. We demonstrate a flat gm profile in an AlGaN/GaN HEMT with high current density of 1 A/mm and peak gm of 168 mS/mm over 85% of the input bias range under dc conditions. This approach simultaneously enables vertical device scaling and transconductance engineering in a HEMT structure.


The basic technology of HMM is some kind of successful method in dealing with speech recognition. It has a stronger ability to build a model of the time order. This article introduces this basic technology and a speech recognition system on some isolated words. But there are some shortcomings in HMM, which lessens the ability of recognition. On this, this article briefly introduces some reformed HMM speech recognition systems and some popular way the mix net of HMM and ANN.


During the Fall semester 1993, the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources
initiated a thesis practicum allowing students to complete a Master's thesis within a year
by participating in a group project. The project is divided topically, with each student in
charge of a specific topic, resulting in a thesis and a HWR Series report. The group
project covers each of the departmental focal areas: surface -water hydrology, subsurface
hydrology, water chemistry, and water resources administration.
This report is based on a thesis from the Fall 1993 - Spring 1994 project focusing on the
water resources of the Lower Cienega Creek Basin, Arizona. This basin encompasses
Pima Count's Cienega Creek Natural Preserve, located about 25 miles southeast of
Tucson. The basin includes perennial stream reaches at the "Narrows" and within the
preserve. These flows support a lush riparian population, one of the few remaining in the
state. The goals of this project were tp provide insight into hydrological processes with in
the basin and to recommend management alternatives.
The following are faculty participants:
Nathan Bums Leo Leonhart
Martha Conklin Tom Maddock III
Don Davis L. G. Wilson
Simon Ince


Tip of the coating portion relates called brush applicator, especially bundled fibers sharpened applicator, when mounting the cap, to prevent deformation of the coating target, and, drying of the coating unit, the coating unit around to provide a cosmetic self-contained applicator to prevent condensation of. A cosmetic self-contained applicator construction supplies barrel 10 inside the cosmetic coating section 14, a cap 12 which is detachably attached to the Jikuto tip 10a in order to cover the coated portions 14 and Kuchipura 16 has a cap 12 body 18 inwardly, the inner forms integrally a duct 20 within which a reduced diameter in a tapered shape in its cap body 18 toward the distal end portion 20a, of the subjected cap body 18 from the inner tube 20 peripheral surface 20b, and 18b, is obtained by forming the free smooth surface state stepped portion.


The hydrocarbon reservoirs discovered in Biyang Depression at present are circularly distributed around source depressions,where many radioactively shaped nose-like structures are developed,its scale is in proportional with that of hydrocarbon enrichment.The nose-like structures not only control the hydrocarbon migration,also control the level of hydrocarbon enrichment.The crestal line is the major direction of hydrocarbon migration,the exploration wells near the crestal line are indications of oil and gas.