A geochemical mathematical modeling study designed to investigate the well plugging problems encountered at the Auburn University experimental field tests is summarized. The results, primarily of qualitative interest, include: (1) loss of injectivity was probably due to a combination of native particulate plugging and clay swelling and dispersion; (2) fluid-fluid incompatibilities, hydrothermal reactions, and oxidation reactions were of insignificant magnitude or too slow to have contributed markedly to the plugging; and (3) the potential for and contributions from temperature-induced dissolved gas solubility reductions, capillary boundary layer viscosity increases, and microstructural deformation cannot be deconvolved from the available data.


Challenging student behavior in compulsory schools has been a continuous source of concern for teachers in Iceland over many years (Ingvar Sigurgeirsson & Ingibjorg Kaldalons, 2006; Samband islenskra sveitarfelaga & Felag grunnskolakennara, 2012). About half of teachers report having to deal with disruptive student behavior on a daily basis (Anna–Lind Petursdottir, 2013; Runar Sigþorsson et al., 2014). Behavior problems are considered not only to interfere with students´ own learning, but also that of their classmates (Westling, 2010). Severe or persistent behavior problems can also negatively influence students´ academic and social outcomes in life (Bradley et al., 2008). According to a great majority of teachers in Iceland, their workload has increased considerably due to escalating challenging behavior among students and many consider discipline and behavior problems to be the most difficult aspects of their job (Samband islenskra sveitarfelaga & Felag grunnskolakennara, 2012). Many Icelandic teachers experience burnout and three out of four have considered quitting their job, mostly due to low salaries, heavy workload or lack of respect for the teaching profession (Anna Þora Baldursdottir & Valgerður Magnusdottir, 2007). However, research is lacking on the relation between challenging student behavior and the well-being of Icelandic teachers at work. The goal of this study was to explore teachers´ perception of the extent of student behavior problems and their perceived impact on themselves and their students´ learning. Also, it examined teachers' sources of support in dealing with challenging student behavior and their level of emotional exhaustion, as well as whether these factors were related to their students' problem behavior. Data were collected using questions from a translated and slightly adapted version of Westling's (2010) Questionnaire About Teachers and Challenging Behavior, with an addition of four questions about emotional exhaustion from Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey. Participants were 124 general education and special education teachers from nine compulsory schools in the capital region of Iceland. Participants reported about one in every four students showing challenging behavior in the classroom and the majority of teachers reported having to deal with disruptive, defiant and oppositional behavior on a daily basis. Teachers found behavior problems to be most common among students diagnosed with emotional and/or behavioral disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or developmental disabilities. In most participants' opinion, challenging student behavior had a negative impact on themselves and their students. One to three teachers out of every ten experienced symptoms of emotional exhaustion, most notably feeling fatigued when facing another day at work. More than half of participating teachers thought about leaving the profession due to challenging student behavior. A positive correlation was observed between the frequency of teachers´ reports of challenging student behavior in the classroom and their extent of emotional exhaustion. Participants most often received support from co-workers when dealing with challenging behavior, but seldom from behavior specialists or professionals outside of their school. Comparison to prior research findings indicates that disruptive student behavior might have increased in recent years. The results demonstrate the importance of exploring ways to prevent and reduce challenging student behavior and create a more positive work environment for both teachers and students.


In this study, it is aimed to introduce such a one-dimensional traffic model to investigate two-dimensional crossing traffic flow at crossroad that without traffic light. The full velocity difference model is modified to adaptive stop by referring stopping sight distance and to solve conflict at crossroad by integrating self-organized rules. Simulation of crossing traffic flow is conducted and discussed. Results such as flow rate, individual velocity and traveling time show the crossroad without traffic light has significant impact on traffic flow. It is hoped this work may provide valuable evacuation references for the emergency department and individual evacuees.


The fossorial sand cockroach Hemelytroblatta livida (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865) is reported from Georgia for the first time, with a commentary on the species composition of the Corydiinae Saussure, 1864 subfamily in the Caucasus. Collection data, pictures of the male and female, and DNA barcodes are also provided. Furthermore, information on Polyphaga aegyptiaca (Linnaeus, 1758) is provided, along with images of the male, female, and juvenile.


Future varieties will be fundamentally different. When black root rot resistance was established and the first root rot resistant variety Havana 142 was distributed, nothing new had been added that did not already exist in the cultivated tobacco species. On the contrary, the transfer of mosaic immunity to cultivated tobacco from the wild species Nicotiano glutinosa and the transfer of wildfire-blackfire immunity from N. longiñora introduced into cultivated tobacco genes that had not existed previously in the species. Such transfers of desirable genes from distantly related wild plants means that the cultivated crops we grow are being steadily improved. In the past, tobacco variety improvement was limited to the genes and characters found within the one cultivated species. In the future, desirable characters may be transferred from any of the 60 plant species that make up the genus Nicotiana. Resistance depends on genes. In tobacco the genes for resistance may come from two sources: The many different types of cultivated tobacco and the wild plants that are related to tobacco. A vital difference exists in the quality of the resistance that comes from the two sources. The resistance obtained within the cultivated tobaccos was always a degree of resistance and never immunity. Also it was controlled by many genes. On the other hand, in the related Nicotiana species we found immunity; and in several instances the immune reaction has been demonstrated to be simply inherited. In a word, resistance v/ithin the cultivated species is easy to obtain, but hard to use, and it may not be adequate. Resistance in the related wild species is difficult to obtain but, once obtained, it is easy to use, and it may prove to be immunity and therefore completely adequate.


Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) have long been used for different types of information exchange. Mobile phones, sometimes known as cellular or handset have hitherto lately formed an integral part of modern/ wireless telecommunication and are fast becoming a social lifestyle. The radiation emanating from these communication devices have been found to be of a finite possibility in contributing adversely to the radiation exposure to man, thereby capable of affecting the health of the user if the devices are in close proximity with the laboratory samples like blood which is the basic index of health. Samples of blood collected from donors were exposed to RFR emanating from GSM phone while in active (talk) mode. The hematological parameters of both the exposed and control blood samples were analyzed. The results have indicated that some blood parameters are significantly affected by exposure to RFR. Thus the findings in this work translate to the possibility of RFR from GSM phones being capable of altering the parameters of blood samples particularly those meant for transfusions which inadvertently are exposed to the GSM RFR by the handlers.


Analytical methods of assembled domains on dynamic model of a stiffened thin plate are studied by boundary element methods (BEM). A rectangular plate is divided into sub-segments along the beam, and the constraint of the beam is equivalent to the counterforce acting on the sub-segments. Based on dynamic fundamental solutions of the beam and thin plate, governing boundary equations of the beam with constraint counterforce and thin plate are respectively deduced by BEM. According to continuity conditions of the coupling boundaries, dynamic equations of the stiffened thin plate are rapidly established by using the analytical approach of assembled domains. The numerical examples show that the schemes of this study are feasible, and it not only save computing cost but also have good precision.


1. Call for participation If you are an expert interested in procurement and particularly in public-sector procurement, we invite you to participate in the UN/CEFACT Forum joint electronic procurement project (ePP) and register as a member of the project team. The project will deliver updated Business Requirements Specifications and Requirement Specification Mappings for electronic documents used in public procurement. The creation of these updated specifications will allow the development of XML schemas for data exchange based on harmonized data, which will facilitate communications between government applications and with private sector partners. The work will be conducted mainly through conference calls and web conferences. Face-to-face meetings will be held only during the UN/CEFACT forums in autumn 2008 and spring 2009.


Many American jurisdictions use algorithmic risk assessments when setting bail or deciding whether to detain criminal defendants before trial. Although the use of risk assessments has been touted as a reform to protect public safety and reduce bias against defendants, algorithmic risk assessments' opacity and racialized recommendations present serious concerns. This Article examines whether algorithmic risk assessments used during pretrial adjudications violate Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection rights on the basis of race. The Article begins with an overview of algorithmic risk assessments in the pretrial justice system, focusing on the history of their implementation and how they work. The Article then examines the limited judicial opinions on the constitutionality of these risk assessments. Next, the Article analyzes pretrial algorithmic risk assessments with respect to Equal Protection rights, arguing that they facially discriminate on the basis of race. Additionally, the Article argues that these risk assessments result in disparate treatment of members of this protected class because of one of three types of intentional discrimination: deliberate indifference to racial targeting, discriminatory animus from algorithm designers, or discriminatory intent from the algorithm itself under a proposed theory of partial legal capacity for artificial intelligences. Finally, the Article contends that the use of algorithmic risk assessments is not narrowly tailored, and in many pretrial contexts the state cannot meet its burden of proving that the algorithms are narrowly tailored, due to their opacity. The Article concludes with a discussion of promising and more equitable alternative approaches to pretrial justice. †. Department of Criminal Justice, John Jay College of Criminal Justice/CUNY Graduate Center. ††. J.D. City University of New York School of Law; B.A. Universidad de Puerto Rico. 372 Law & Inequality [Vol. 40: 2


"At least she is not an academic!!" is heard on the one hand, and on the other "It is unfortunate that she is not an academic!" Since I was appointed President-Elect I have overheard both of these statements from various people within our profession. I understand where each is coming from and the concem that is expressed by some who feel that the President of the Association should have graduate quali fications. I am, however apractising clinician trained more than 25 years ago who believes that our primary skill is in the matching of a patient, holistically assessed, with an activity, thoroughly analyzed, graded and specially chosen to achieve therapeutic goals in the areas of work, self-care and leisure. I upgraded my diploma to a degree 6 years ago. The updating was fascinating, stimulating and enjoyable for the most part, but it taught me little about occupational therapy. It did teach me about the importance of research and the challenge of being a student among high achievers and intellects in a university setting. Both the training of my colleagues in the 60's and before, and the education of occupational therapists today have great value. We have come an incredibly long way in a short time through the perseverance and determination of talented and visionary therapists, but there is often a distance felt between the old and the new which is more than just a generation gap. To the older occupational therapist, the new graduate seems to be missing an essential ingredient and it is difficult to Jacqueline McGarry, Dip.C.O.T.,


?This thesis probes into the reasons why Kuomintang's Nanjing Government put local selfgovernment into practice thoroughly. Three main reasons are pointed out. The direct reason is to pretend to accord with Sun Zhongshan's theory of constructing country. The historical reason is to cater to the trend of local selfgovernment since the last period of Qing dynasty. The underground reason is that to put local selfgovernment into practice is a good opportunity for Kuomintang's Nanjing government to strengthen its local reign.


The invention discloses a registration activation method and system for an optical network unit (ONU). The method comprises the following steps: the ONU receives a registration request from an optical line terminal (OLT); the ONU transmits registration information to the OLT according to the type of the stored registration information of the ONU; and the OLT makes legal judgment on the ONU according to legal ONU registration information stored by the OLT and the received registration information, and then the registration activation treatment on the ONU is carried out according to the judgment result. In the invention, the user experience is improved and the operating cost of an operator is reduced.


Residual interaction matrix elements for shell model calculations in a specified configuration space are unique to the extent that the nuclear interaction can be represented as a sum of two‐body interactions. Many diagonal matrix elements have been obtained from two‐nucleon multiplets near closed shells. The limited purity of such multiplets was taken into consideration by weighting the observed fractions of the two‐nucleon configurations by their spectroscopic strengths and by using the resulting energy centroids. The occasional simultaneous knowledge of empirical particle‐particle and particle‐hole multiplets for the same configuration permits estimates of the uncertainty of the extraction procedure and indicates that diagonal matrix elements are often known to better than 10% or 100 keV, whichever is larger. Evidence is increasing that matrix elements for spaces of a major shell (or larger) have remarkable regularities along the lines initially pointed out by Schiffer. A significant but smooth A depend...


PURPOSE: A secure communication method of information through a wireless link is provided to share an encoded key between a blade management module and a blade server by using at least one wired link. CONSTITUTION: An encoded key is shared between a blade management module(210) and at least one blade server(260) through at least one wired link(214). The wired link connects the blade management module to the blade server. The blade management module encodes information by using the encoded key. The blade management module transmits the information encoded through at least one wireless link to one or more blade servers. The blade server decodes the encoded information by using the encoded key.


i Preface iv Declaration 1 – Plagiarism v Declaration 2 – Publications vi Table of contents vii List of Tables xiv List of Figures xvii List of Abbreviations xviii Acknowledgements xxi CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Plant biodiversity uses and conservation 1 1.2 Strategies for conservation of plant germplasm 2 1.3 Conservation of indigenous African species: a study on Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. 3 1.4 Seed storage characteristics 4 1.4.1 Developmental, morphological and chemical characteristics of recalcitrant seeds 6 1.5 The role of water in seeds 10 1.5.1 Dehydration stress and tolerance mechanisms 12 a) Intracellular physical characteristics and metabolic shut down 12 b) Free radicals, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant systems 13 c) Accumulation of protective molecules 15 1.6 Methods of seed storage 19 1.6.1 Storage of orthodox seeds 19 1.6.2 Storage of non-orthodox (recalcitrant) seeds 20


The subject innovation relates to a battery-discharge device that can discharge a wide range of voltage and current hameuroseo connected to the battery to discharge a plurality of steel Nichrome wire resistor. Designed present for this purpose is a fuse to prevent the plurality of iron nichrome discharge a battery discharging apparatus comprising a discharging the battery by connecting the selection switches to each of the line resistor, wherein the discharging failure due to over-voltage / current of the battery wide voltage hameuroseo connected to the unit, and consisting of a plurality of cooling fans to prevent overheating of the discharger cooling unit, the battery is discharged the battery discharge device configured to include a measure to often check the capacity of the battery, and it is possible to discharge the current.


This study examines the incipient cult of St Anne in Valencia during the fifteenth century, using evidence such as census data to show growing interest in the saint and her cult. From a close study of Isabel de Villena's Vita Christi and Joan Rois de Corella's Vida de santa Anna [Life of St Anne], this essay advances the hypothesis that the cult of St Anne in the kingdom centred on St Anne's intervention for wives unable to conceive rather than on her role as a teacher of the Virgin as in other parts of Europe. St Anne's role as a wise woman, evidenced in Valencian iconography, took a very different path.


Unmodified, commercially available, gray-scale ultrasound equipment has been used in a small community hospital to image various small organs. Seven examples are presented to emphasize the versatility of such equipment for obtaining clinically useful information.


A general first-order model relating directional derivatives of travel time with speed at each point in the time-space domain is used in speed based travel time estimation. Due to its partial differential equation (PDE) form, this model makes it possible to estimate travel times without the need for trajectory construction based on speeds which is a cumbersome integration operation. A forward time backward space (FTBS) finite difference scheme is presented to approximate the general model. While the general model and its corresponding FTBS solution scheme are designed for smooth situations, the traffic stream is replete with discontinuities especially as congestion increases. For these situations an equivalent conservative model based on the first order continuum traffic flow model with Greenshields flux is proposed. A Godunov scheme is proposed to approximate the conservative model. US-101 dataset from NGSIM project is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed models. Three factors impacting the performance of the proposed schemes that is underlying speed estimate accuracy, traffic congestion level and discretization level are considered.


The main goal of voice activity detection algorithms is to determine the presence of human voice signals in a given environment. Voice activity detection is very challenging in vehicle interiors. The main challenge in detecting the presence of voice signals in vehicles is the presence of a large number of interferers and a high background noise level. Further, many types of interferers such as tire or engine noise have signals that are highly nonstationary. In this work, compact microphone arrays mounted in various locations within a vehicle are used to extract signals from locations of interest. Experimental comparisons of the performance of several voice activity detection algorithms are made for various array configurations (including single microphone) and source extraction processing algorithms. Processing algorithms considered include blind source separation algorithms such as fastICA, transfer function based inversion methods, and both fixed and adaptive beamforming techniques. The performance of c...


The invention relates to a method for controlling a pump (22) of a cooking appliance (10), the suction side (24) to a liquid container (18; 32; 34) and the pressure side (26) to a line (28) connected is at least sections located at a level above the pump (22), said pump (22) is operated with a power in a first phase, which is so low that liquid from the liquid container (18; 32; 34) sucked off and into the conduit (28) is pumped, but the liquid line (28) does not leave, and then the pump (22) is switched off and then, in a second phase, the liquid back into the liquid container (18; 32; 34) from flowing back. The invention also relates to a cooking appliance (10) with a pump (22), the suction side of suction (24) fluid and can dissipate via a line (28) to the pressure side (26) of the pump is connected, characterized in that is disposed conduit (28) at least in sections runs at a higher level than the pump (22).


In this paper we present generic CPU self-test programs and we check if the test programs conform to the IEC 61508 safety standard. We use processor architecture independent test programs to indirectly test the CPU components. We present a fault injection framework which we use to verify the fault detection ratio of the self-tests through simulation on a Plasma/MIPS and on a LEON3 processor.


This paper considers a parallel-machine scheduling problem with sequence dependent processing times and periodic maintenance. The time to complete jobs increases as the machines deteriorate and the machine deterioration depends on the particular job sequence assigned to a machine. The planned maintenance activity returns the machine to its optimal condition, and all machines undergo this maintenance activity at the same time. The objective is to find the job schedule that maximises the number of on-time jobs given a specified maintenance schedule. The paper presents a mathematical programming formulation, several solution algorithms, and evaluates their performance under various experimental conditions.


This paper follows a recent article of Nambiar et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 812, 2017, pp. 41–64) on the linear rheological response of a dilute bacterial suspension (e.g. E. coli) to impulsive starting and stopping of simple shear flow. Here, we analyse the time dependent nonlinear rheology for a pair of linear flows – simple shear (a canonical weak flow) and uniaxial extension (a canonical strong flow), again in response to impulsive initiation and cessation. The rheology is governed by the bacterium orientation distribution which satisfies a kinetic equation that includes rotation by the imposed flow, and relaxation to isotropy via rotary diffusion and tumbling. The relevant dimensionless parameters are the Péclet number $Pe\equiv \dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ , which dictates the importance of flow-induced orientation anisotropy, and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}D_{r}$ , which quantifies the relative importance of the two intrinsic orientation decorrelation mechanisms (tumbling and rotary diffusion). Here, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is the mean run duration of a bacterium that exhibits a run-and-tumble dynamics, $D_{r}$ is the intrinsic rotary diffusivity of the bacterium and $\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}$ is the characteristic magnitude of the imposed velocity gradient. The solution of the kinetic equation is obtained numerically using a spectral Galerkin method, that yields the rheological properties (the shear viscosity, the first and second normal stress differences for simple shear, and the extensional viscosity for uniaxial extension) over the entire range of $Pe$ . For simple shear, we find that the stress relaxation predicted by our analysis at small $Pe$ is in good agreement with the experimental observations of Lopez et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 115, 2015, 028301). However, the analysis at large $Pe$ yields relaxations that are qualitatively different. Upon step initiation of shear, the rheological response in the experiments corresponds to a transition from a nearly isotropic suspension of active swimmers at small $Pe$ , to an apparently (nearly) isotropic suspension of passive rods at large $Pe$ . In contrast, the computations yield the expected transition to a nearly flow-aligned suspension of passive rigid rods at high $Pe$ . We probe this active–passive transition systematically, complementing the numerical solution with analytical solutions obtained from perturbation expansions about appropriate base states. Our study suggests courses for future experimental and analytical studies that will help understand relaxation phenomena in active suspensions.


Construction and implementation of a data-oriented platform for rural ecological entrepreneurship based on rural remote sensing image change detection algorithm is studied in the paper. The image fusion method is used to detect the change information, and only the multispectral data of one phase and the high geometric resolution data of the other phase are used, which saves the cost of dynamic monitoring and information processing. In addition, the advantages of multi-source remote sensing information technology that can obtain thematic data efficiently, accurately, in a large area and in real time are used. With these advantages, this paper designs the novel data-oriented platform for rural ecological entrepreneurship. The system is implemented, and the data algorithm is tested.


Quickly mixing dopamine with human blood in cardiac patients could be vital. One way to accelerate this mixing process is by electrokinetic effects, applying small voltages in a vein segment where dopamine is injected. The physical laws involved in this phenomenon include: electrostatics, heat and mass transfer, and fluid dynamics. This paper presents an innovative design to enhance the bonding of dopamine with human blood molecules, getting satisfactory mixtures in less than five seconds. This could be an effective alternative in the medical treatment of patients with heart attacks, before applying a more aggressive electroshock. The mathematical model leads to a complex system of six nonlinear, coupled, and time dependent partial differential equations. Such multiphysics model is numerically solved using the finite element method in a simple, idealized domain. Proven scientific studies are referenced to make a comparison, highlighting the advantages of the proposed design.


The Use of Cathodoluminescence in Gallium Nitride During Growth to Determine Substrate Temperature Accurate measurement of the substrate temperature during growth of gallium nitride by molecular beam epitaxy is crucial. Typically, thermocouples are usually used to measure the temperature of the back side of block which is holding the substrate. Alternatively, pyrometers are often used. However, there is a big range of an error. In-situ cathodoluminescence (CL) occurring during reflection high energy electron diffraction is a strong candidate to determine the growth temperature. The electron beam supplied by our RHEED gun has an energy of 13keV which was used for each measurement. CL was easily detected up to and beyond typical growth temperatures. The CL was directed into a monochromator using fiber optics. The final signal was detected with a photomultiplier tube. This technique appears quite useful to accurately and reproducably determine substrate temperature during growth. The CL could also be observed using a ccd camera. Thus, we investigated using the CL to image the sample during growth. This could be used to see temperature inhomogenaities, and potentially to map alloy composition fluctuations. We calibrated the wavelength vs. growth temperature by using narrow band-pass interference filters. Background subtraction with blanking the e-beam could be used to remove black body radiation and other undesired sources of light. For gallium nitride, the photon energy at the growth temperature of 750°C is about 3.0eV. Using different filters, we can take a picture of e-beam on the surface of substrate for each filter and analyze the peak intensity using the line profile. We will present CL images of various samples at differing temperatures. This work was supported by the AFOSR MURI F49620-03-1-0330 monitored by Todd Steiner and Gerald Witt and by ONR Grants N00014-02-1-0974 and N00014-01-1-0571, both monitored by Colin E. C. Wood.


Immersion ultrasonic testing (UT) was used to determine elastic moduli of solid materials instead of the widely-used contact UT method. Conventionally, immersion UT is only used for determining the longitudinal wave speed. However, in this research, transverse wave speed was measured through finding transverse wave echoes caused by mode-conversion at material's boundary. Also, even in the cases when wave speeds could not be determined due to unknown thickness, Poisson's ratio was able to be calculated from the ratio of longitudinal and transverse wave speeds. This technique was verified for several materials, and it was found that higher accuracy was obtained by immersion UT method for materials either with relatively high wave speed or with relatively small Poisson's ratio. This technique thus will be suitable fur ceramics or high strength materials.


I present a design study for an X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) driven by the SLAC linac. The study assumes the FEL is based on Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) and lasing is achieved in a single pass of a high current, high brightness electron beam through a long wiggler. Following a brief review of the fundamentals of SASE, I provide without derivation a collection of formulas relating SASE performance to the system parameters. These formulas allow quick evaluation of FEL designs and provide powerful tools for optimization in multidimensional parameter space. Optimization is carried out for the SLAC FEL over all independent system parameters modeled, subjected to a number of practical constraints.


Most of the applications of semiconductors involve either photon absorption to form free carriers (photodetectors or solar cells) or the formation of photons by free carrier recombination (light emittiing diodes or lasers). Both kinds of applications require high quality single crystals having desirable dimensions, devoid of defects, grain boundaries, or impurities that act as electron scatterers, traps and non radiative recombination centers. As a consequence of the requirement of high quality, fabrication and growth conditions for the semiconductors must be carefully controlled for most applications. Hence single crystals of GeSe were grown by Direct Vapor Transport (DVT) technique, in a two zone horizontal furnace with temperature difference of 50 K between growth and source zones. The material crystallizes in the form of shining gray and platelets like crystals at the end of growth cycles. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used for many years to evaluate thermal stability of material as it will determine the range of stable operation for a device made up out of these materials under investigation. Thermal characteristics of GeSe crystals were studied employing thermoanalytical techniques, viz. TGA and DTA. Thermal analysis experiments were carried out with constant heating rate of 10 °C/ min in N2. The objective of this study is to determine activation energy and other kinetic parameters of GeSe crystals. Broido and Coats-Redfern (C-R) methods are used to evaluate different kinetic parameters of GeSe crystals viz. activation energy, entropy, enthalpy, Gibbs mean free energy etc.


Stimuli that are followed by reinforcement are reported to increase general activity in the rat. In order to study more precisely this effect, rats were observed in two training situations: the experimental group (n — 4) was subjected to paired presentations of a 15 seconds tone and water; in the control group (n = 3), tone and reinforce were not presented contiguously


Prediction is a fundamental process that spans most facets of human cognition and is one of the most essential aspects of efficient language processing. At the same time, prediction plays a critical role in reward processing. Nevertheless, the exploration of the involvement of the reward system during language processing has not yet been directly tested. Here, we investigated the role of reward-processing regions while listening to a natural story. In a pre-registered study, we utilized a published dataset in which half of the participants listened to a natural story and the others listened to a scrambled version of it. We compared the functional MRI signals in the reward system between these conditions and discovered a unique pattern that differentiates between them. This suggests that the reward system is activated during the comprehension of natural stories. We also found that the fMRI signals in reward areas are related to the predictability level of processed sentences and that the system might be involved in higher predictability during the processing of a natural story.


Energy consumption plays a significant role in the integration process of Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei economic belt. This paper compares energy situation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic belt and Tokyo-to metropolitan area. The results show there are some differences between Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic belt and Tokyo-to metropolitan area: first, the proportion of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic belt in China is lower than the proportion of Tokyo-to metropolitan area in Japan; second, energy intensity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic belt experiences a trend of descending, while it holds stable in Tokyo-to metropolitan area; third, energy structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic belt has a serious reliance on coal, whereas, in Tokyo-to metropolitan area, consumption of oil took the main proportion of energy structure, consumption of renewable energy increasing constantly. Based on our findings, we present some policy implications for energy save in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic belt.


The differential scattering cross section for electron-electron scattering has been measured at relativistic energies. A focused beam of 15.7-Mev monokinetic electrons from the 22-Mev betatron was scattered by 1- and 2-mil Nylon foils in a 20-inch scattering chamber. The incident current was collected by a faraday cage after it had passed through the scattering foil and was measured by a vibrating reed electrometer. The scattered beam was defined by gold-lined slits at a known angle to the incident beam. The number of scattered electrons in a given momentum interval chosen by a magnetic analyzer was counted by a Geiger counter.


Stochastic search algorithms have recently also gained a lot of attention in operations research, machine learning and policy search of robot motor skills due to their ease of use and their generality. Yet, many stochastic search algorithms require relearning if the task changes slightly to adapt the solution to the new situation or the new context. Therefore we consider the contextual stochastic search setup. Here, we want to find good parameter vectors for multiple related tasks, where each task is described by a continuous context vector. Hence, the objective might change slightly for each parameter vector evaluation. In this research, we investigate the contextual stochastic search algorithms that can learn from multiple tasks simultaneously.


The LiMn2O4 cathodes for lithium ion battery were synthesized from various pre- cursors of manganese oxides and manganese hydroxides. As the first step, nanosized precursors such as α-MnO2 (nano-sticks), β-MnO2 (nano-rods), Mn3O4 (nano-octahedra), amorphous MnO2(nano-spheres), and Mn(OH)2 (nano-plates) were prepared by a hydrothermal or a pre- cipitation method. Spinel LiMn2O4 with various sizes and shapes were finally synthesized by a solid-state reaction method from the manganese precursors and LiOH. Nano-sized (500 nm) octahedron LiMn2O4 showed high capacities of 107 mAh g �1 and 99 mAh g �1 at 1 C- and 50 C-rate, respectively. Three dimensional octahedral crystallites exhibit superior electrochemical characteristics to the other one-dimensional and two-dimensional shaped LiMn2O4 nanoparticles.


The establi shment of the WTO as a permanent institution to oversee the administration of
the multil ateral trade agreement and the continuing cooperation of its Members in
maintaining legal order have prompted diplomats to laud this as an ac hi evement - that the
Rule or Law has overcome force or power in presiding over the conditions or international
trade. This di sse1iation begins by trac ing th e ori gins or the Rule of Law in search or a
meaning in its hi storical and contemporary cont ex t to establi sh the parameters of the
conception of the Rul e or Law as a set of doc trinal standa rds establi shed by previous
literature, and then analyses how legal culture, econornic hi story, soc io-politi cal
developments and general attitudes or diplomats inllu encecl the contemporary multilateral
trade agreements. Subsequent! y. this di ssertation ex ami ncs the structure or the multil ateral
trade agreements and case law emanating under its dispute settlement procedures for
ev idence or implementation and interpretation or the Rule of Law


This note presents an elementary numerical scheme for discretizing the Laplace-Beltrami operator on smooth manifolds, as a difference operator of arbitrary high order. The method is coordinate-free, and involves very little geometry.


For any teacher of Greek tragedy, whether in Greek or in English, who has confronted student confusion on the role of the tragic chorus, or has been confronted by an obstinate interrogation on the 'tragic flaw', or similar anachronistic approach to Greek tragedy, this new work of a long-established scholar of choral poetry will be an essential help-mate. Claude Calame (C.) brings an approach to the tragic chorus that is at once semantic, ethnopoetic and one of cultural anthropology, to attain...


Multifiber responses to olfactory stimulation with alcohols, acids and salts were recorded from the olfactory tract of carp. 1) Alcohols were found to be effective to the olfaction of carp, though the responses were small. We found a tendency that alcohols with longer carbon chain were more stimulative. 2) The magnitude of the initial excitatory response to the stimulation with HCI was large, while that to the stimulation with butyric acid was negligible. The pH value lower than 3.5 regard-less of the kind of acid, however, induced inhibitory responses, which may probably be nonspecific pharmacological effects rather than olfactory responses. 3) Monovalent cations and monovalent anions induced only the initial excitatory responses, and were not accompanied with the oscillatory responses. Divalent cations induced both the initial excitatory and oscillatory responses, but only inhibitory responses were observed with tri-valent cations. The responses to salts were concluded to be largely dependent upon the cations. The salts with monovalent and divalent cations were found to be olfactory stimulants in carp, while those with trivalent cations seemed to be injurious to the olfactory receptors.


The 21st century is a century full of opportunities and challenges.With the rapid development of society,information konwledge is being broadened in an explosive way,and mankind have entered on a digitized era.To meet the requirements of the times and serve teaching and scientific research even better,librarians of institutions of higher learning should constantly improve their professional qualities.


In this paper, we analyze the operation of a half bridge Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS), the advantages and disadvantages of using a 2nd order filter circuit and a synchronous rectification bridge, the latter being controlled by an auxiliary output of the transformer. The converter works in a step-down operation mode, reducing the grid voltage to a more used voltage (40V), providing galvanic isolation through a transformer that works at high frequency. The output voltage is regulated using a feedback that allows the controller to adjust the PWM signal applied on the MOSFET. Dead time is also taken into consideration in order for the SMPS to work in the safe zone. The paper contains theory, simulation using L Tspice, a practical prototype as well as comparisons between them.


[Objectives]To analyse the characteristics of the training activities conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province(GDCDC)to train the professionals of the CDCs on municipal and county level from 2001 to 2005.[Methods]The data on the training activities and personal resource and the archived records of training activities edited annually by GDCDC from 2001 to 2005 were collected.Excel and SPSS were used to analyse the data.[Results]During 2001-2005,the number of training courses was 19?19? 29?36 and 40 respectively with a total of 143,an annual average of 28.6.The number of trainees was 1 708?1 583?3 522?3 395 and 4 094 with a total of 14 302,an annual average of 2 860.The number of trainees increased greatest in 2003.The times per capita/year attended a training course was 0.23?0.22?0.53?0.51 and 0.62 respectively.The total study-hour was 4 574 with an annual average of 914.8.The total study-score was 650.6 with an annual average of 130.1.With the promotion of the professional title,the professional had more and more chance to attend a training course.The training courses were mainly concentrated on the content for infectious diseases control and prevention,and more and more courses were concentrated on the treatment of public health events since 2003.[Conclusions]After the outbreak of SARS in 2003,the training of professionals of the CDCs on municipal and county level in Guangdong has been obviously strengthened effectively.The training courses are organized in accordance with the needs of practice and the key contents of the course are clear.


R. C. Gardner is a big name in motivational study, whose socio psychological (socio educational) model has been too dominant and important in this field to be ignored. Since the end of 1950s, motivational study has always centered round this model. However, 1990s witnessed the dialogues between Gardner and a Hungarian researcher named Z. Dornyei, who put forward his three leveled motivation model taking into the educational situations and settings into account. This thesis intends to discuss the Dornyei's model and hereby its applications in the oral English teaching.


The present invention relates to a die melt production process using this composition and a die for making melt. Seafood kill composition for preparing the rice flour material, melt material and a vegetable material, rice flour material of 40 to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the entire composition according to the invention; Melt material of 30 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the entire composition; And vegetable ingredients of 3 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the entire composition; characterized in that it comprises a. According to the invention, the specific nutrients and flavor and flavor with the respective component material in the lysate kill exquisitely blends can be used also as is fast food case, and preferably can be of the modern simple easily used as substitutes, to be received such as simple packaging container There domoham the development of the industry will be apparent.


ABSTRACT Ore deposits are formed by a variety of processes, and mineralised host rocks possess unusual petrophysical properties in contrast to un-mineralised country rock. Mineralised systems can therefore be identified directly in geophysical data via anomalous geophysical responses. In this paper, we review the interpretation of geology from aeromagnetic and electromagnetic data relative to orogenic gold systems. As a case study, we examine the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone in eastern Otago, New Zealand, which hosts a world-class orogenic gold system within hydrothermally altered and graphitic schist. A subtle low-resistivity anomaly in electromagnetic data correlates well with the location of the mineralised shear zone, which is otherwise indistinct in aeromagnetic data. We interpret other candidates for mineralised structures to be present in similar low-resistivity features in the south of the study area. We interpret magnetite-bearing mafic bodies, and magnetite- and pyrrhotite-rich schists to be the source of regionally extensive, isoclinally folded anomalies which are prominent features in the magnetic and electrical data and allude to the complex accretion and deformation history of the Otago Schist. Future work encompassing detailed field analyses of low-resistivity anomalies in the south of the map may reveal suitable targets for exploration.


This study analyzed the situation of families in the city of Viçosa in 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010 from a multi-dimensional perspective based on methodology adapted from that of Barros, Carvalho and Franco (2003), which was based on micro-data from the demographic census. Through the enormous amount of information contained in the database, it was possible to undertake a broad analysis enabling the household's living conditions to be evaluated.


International (WfWI) into the effects of its work in Afghanistan and Kosovo on women's social cohesion and economic resilience. The study used a mixed-methods approach and gathered data from more than 500 marginalised women who graduated from WfWI's combined social and economic empowerment programme between 2009 and 2014, key informants, participants of WfWI's men's engagement programme (in Afghanistan) and some women from communities where WfWI has not worked. These key findings provide valuable insights to inform more effective approaches to supporting all women's participation in conflict-affected countries. Towards an effective approach for women, peace and security:


Fiber optic flexural disk hydrophones made from castable epoxy have previously been reported. These Michelson interferometric hydrophones produced excellent sensitivity and reasonable depth tolerance. They were designed in the shape of closed cylinders with fiber coils mounted on both sides of each end cap in a push–pull configuration. The current work seeks to increase the depth tolerance without sacrificing the sensitivity by constructing the end caps from composite materials. The present sensors were configured as Mach–Zehnder interferometers and terminated with 3×3 couplers. Three different composite materials were tested. The first was a quasi‐isotropic lay‐up of unidirectional E‐glass in a thermoplastic matrix. The second was a 0°/45° lay‐up of woven E‐glass in a thermoplastic matrix. The third composite tested was a random orientation of E‐glass fibers in a vinyl ester matrix. The theoretical sensitivity and depth tolerance of each composite sensor were calculated using the experimentally determine...


The enterprise assessment is used to verify its activity and is a point of departure to make future decisions. The assessment quality depends on its executor's knowledge, experience and capabilities. Enterprises have adopted an assessment performance method based on their needs and activity specifics. In the ever changing environment the applied enterprise assessment algorithm should be progressively improved. The present enterprise assessment satisfies its basic needs but is not sufficient. The assessent should be enriched by a number of elements that will consider the enterprise logistic system multidimensionality. Numerous factors and their mutual relations should be taken into account in the assessment. This makes it necessary to form a pattern of the enterprise assessment algorithm that would function as a guide. Paper type: Viewpoint Published online: 27 April 2017 Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 67–75 DOI: 10.21008/j.2083-4950.2017.7.2.1 ISSN 2083-4942 (Print) ISSN 2083-4950 (Online) © 2017 Poznan University of Technology. All rights reserved.


IT is only within the last few years that an}i:hing has become known of the personal side of Robert Willan's career and that any of his possessions have been definitely saved for posterity. A few years ago the present writer endeavoured to find a portrait of Willan without success ; none was known. In 1929, however, through the exertions of Dr. J. E. Lane, the well-known American dermatologist, no less than three were brought to light. Dr. Lane got into communication with Mr. Robert J. Willan, of Newcastle, who is surgeon to the Royal Victoria Infirmary. Although not of the same family as Robert Willan the dermatologist, he took up enthusiastically the search for any trace that might be available of his famous namesake, and on inquiry at Sedbergh School, where Willan had his early education, he discovered that a portrait had already been given to the school by Miss Mary E. C. Howell, of London, Willan's greatgrand-daughter. Subsequently Miss Howell gave a pair of miniatures of Robert Willan and his wife Marv to the Royal College of Physicians, London, where they now hang in the Censor's Room. She also had at one time in her possession a silhouette of Robert Willan (Fig. 1), which she gave to the late Dr. Stowers, who deposited it with the Medical Society of London, who also obtained in the same way, five letters written by Willan. I have had the privilege of making the acquaintance of Miss Howell, who is Willan's sole surviving descendant, and has now reached the age of 80 years herself, and she has been kind enough to entrust me with several precious relics of her distinguished ancestor, which I wish to bring to your notice. In the first place she gave me no less than eleven letters written to Richard Willan and carefully preserved by him. Most of them were written by Robert Willan himself, one or two by his wife from his dictation and one in copy-book hand by his son Richard. There is no


Through this essay, Javier Anton Pelayo traces a general view of the Catalan historiography of the Eighteenth Century. Firstly, the author analyses the unifying and the incompatible elements of that historiography in relation to the last Baroque historicism. Secondly, Anton describes the ways in which historical criticism arrived at Catalonia, reducing the former patriotism. Finally, he lists the main Enlightened Catalan historians, always in the dilemma of their historical criticism and their own national feelings. The present article also examines the historiographycal works of an Enlightened Catalan institution (the «Academia de Buenas Letras») and the production of intellectuals as Narcis Feliu de la Penya, Josep de Mora, Pere Serra i Postius, Jaume Caresmar, Antoni de Capmany and Joan Francesc Masdeu.


The machining operation can be generally classified into two types which are traditional machine and non-traditional (modem) machine. There are two types of machining employed in this research, end milling (traditional machining) and abrasive waterjet machining (non-traditional machining). Optimizing the process parameters is essential in order to provide a better quality and economics machining. This research develops an optimization algorithm using artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimize the process parameters that will lead to minimum surface roughness (Ra) value for both end milling and abrasive waterjet machining. In end milling, three process parameters that need to be optimized are the cutting speed, feed rate and radial rake angle. For abrasive waterjet, five process parameters that need to be optimized are the traverse speed, waterjet pressure, standoff distance, abrasive grit size and abrasive flow rate. These machining process parameters significantly impact on the cost, productivity and quality of machining parts. The ABC simulations are developed to achieve the minimum Ra value in both end milling and abrasive waterjet machining. The results obtained from the simulation are compared with experimental, regression modelling, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA). In end milling, ABC reduced the Ra by 10% and 8% compared to experimental and regression. In abrasive waterjet, the performance was much better where the Ra value decreased by 28%, 42%, 2% and 0.9% compared to experimental, regression, GA and SA respectively.


Applications of time-domain optical Fourier transformation (OFT) in ultra-high-speed optical time-division multiplexed systems (OTDM) are reviewed, with emphasis on the recent demonstrations of OFT-based conversion between the OTDM and DWDM formats.


We discuss the stability of atoms and nucleons in the presence of multidimensional gravity characterized by the unified energy scale 1TeV. We point out that the multidimensional gravitational attraction can create additional bound states deep inside of atomic and nucleon constituents. These states would be characterized by sizes comparable to the TeV scale distance. We show that shallow gravity induced bound states between an electron and a quark are ruled out, because collapse processes in atoms to such bound states would occur on time scales which are in contradiction to current data on the stability of ordinary matter. The gravitational attraction may also produce diquark states, which should be considered in addition to those discussed in the literature. The estimates indicate that, for TeV scale gravity, the problem of UV divergencies and UV renormalization is crucial. Some universal renormalization mechanism should exist, which stabilizes atoms in the presence of multidimensional gravity.


The image pickup apparatus includes a first detector (20) matrix of electro-optical sensors simultaneously input the entire image, associated with an optical long focal length. A second detector (22) is associated with an optical giving a large field, covering the field of the first detector and overflowing. The apparatus further comprises means (28) for synchronizing the image captured by the two cameras and their recording


The major aim of comfort research is to find the comfort temperature for an individual or group. This subjective property can be evaluated by means of thermal conductivity as a physical characteristic of fabric. This phenomenon depends on many fabric parameters and it is difficult to study the effect of ones without changing the others. In addition, the non-linear relationship of fabric parameters and thermal conductivity handicap mathematical modelling. So a neural network approach was used to predict the thermal conductivity of knitting structure as a function of porosity, air permeability, weight and fiber conductivity. Data on thermal conductivity are measured by experiments carried out on jersey knitted structure.


Transfusion of ABO major–incompatible red blood cells (RBCs) can activate the complement system and can cause severe and even lethal acute hemolytic reactions. The activation of the complement system with formation of C3a and C5a (anaphylatoxins) and the release of hemoglobin from the lysed RBCs are thought to mediate clinical signs like fever, hypotension, pain, and acute renal failure. Therapeutic inhibition of the complement cascade in case of ABO‐incompatible RBC transfusion would be desirable to ameliorate the signs and symptoms and to improve the outcome of the reaction.


Objective To study the clinical manifestation and MRI feature of toxic encephalopathy after inhaling caffeine and sodium benzoate. Methods Three patients with toxic encephalopathy induced by inhaling caffeine and sodium benzoate were observed clinically and with MRI. Results The 3 patients were male. They all had definite addiction histories (the time of addiction for 3 years to 7 years ). There were special language and retropulsive dystonia besides the common characteristics of toxic encephalopathy:reaction retardation and disturbance of intelligence. MRI showed the change of generalized demyelination in bilateral symmetrical cerebral hemisphere, posterior limbs of internal capsule, corpus callosum, medial lemniscus, and cerebellum hemisphere dentate nucleus. The clinical symptoms of 3 patients were significantly improved 40 days after the adrenocortical steroid and neurotrophic treatment. The mild mood disorder remained in case 1. Conclusion Clinical manifestation and MRI of toxic encephalopathy after inhaling caffeine and sodium benzoate are known, so we could diagnose the patients of the disease in time.

Key words:
Caffeine;  Sodium benzoate;  Poisoning;  Brain damage, chronic ;  Magnetic resonance imaging


BACKGROUND
To investigate whether the immunohistochemical expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α is related to the diagnosis and pathogenesis of oral vascular lesions.

STUDY METHODS
Thirty cases each of pyogenic granuloma (PG) and hemangioma were studied. Antibodies against GLUT-1 and HIF-1α were detected by immunoperoxidase staining in 3-μm histological sections, and the results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, respectively. Positive and negative cells were counted, and the mean number of positive cells was calculated for each case.

RESULTS
The initial diagnosis of hemangioma was maintained in only 7 (23%) of the 30 cases studied, which were positive for GLUT-1. The remaining 23 cases were reclassified as vascular malformation (VM) (n = 13) and PG (n = 10) due to the absence of staining. The endothelium of blood vessels was negative for GLUT-1 in all cases initially diagnosed as PG (n = 30). The percentage of HIF-1α-positive cells was higher in cases of PG, followed by hemangiomas and VMs (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS
Histological features are not sufficient to establish the correct diagnosis of oral hemangiomas, and an accurate anamnesis is essential in these cases. In addition, these findings demonstrate that vascular lesions express mediators of angiogenesis, HIF-1α, and suggest that his process may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular.


Typically the objective of instrumental color measurement is to obtain repeatable numeric values that correspond to visual assessment. The method of sample preparation, sample presentation and instrument geometry used for measurement can effect both correlation of the measurement to visual assessment and precision of the measurement. There are a variety of techniques that can be used in handling yarn samples so that the most valid and repeatable measurements are achieved.


Visual representations of thylacines over 200 years are a microcosm of evolving ideas about animal species, as well as new methods of image production. The first commercial image of the thylacine appeared on a poster in 1870. This marked the beginning of the use of the species in advertising and on labels that continues into the twenty-first century. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first century dozens of logos and emblems in Tasmania use the figure of the thylacine. According to W. J. T. Mitchell in his essay "What Do Pictures Want?" images such as commercial and emblematic images make the kind of demands traditionally associated with idolatry, fetishism and totemism. The seal and medal for the Royal Society of Tasmania designed in 1927 by Colbron Pearse embodies the failure of Tasmanian scientific institutions to mount a timely response to the plight of the species.Keywords: emblematic images; image production; Tasmanian scientific institution; Thylacine totems


The concentration of ventilation air methane(VAM), exhausted from coal mine ventilation system, commonly is less than 0.5%(mostly below 0.3%), but the total emission amount is very large. According to the relevant data, The amount of VAM emitted annually into the atmosphere took up 80%~90% of the total emissions of China's coal mine annually[1]. Therefore, the utilization of VAM in energy conservation and environmental protection is of great significance through the enrichment technology. This paper summarized and prospected the technology progress of VAM enrichment.


A novel patch antenna consists of shorted-slots loading and asymmetric coplanar waveguide (ACPW) feeding structure is proposed in this article. The radiated patch antenna was chiseled two cross-slots, there are shorted-lines to be set at the middle- and cross-points of slots, which is designed to be operated at dual-ISM band (2.4GHz and 5.8 GHz bands). A prototype of the proposed antenna with 62 mm in length, 9.2 mm in height and 75 mm in width is fabricated and experimentally investigated.


THE MECHANISM BROUGHT FOR RECOGNITION OF DOCUMENTS (1) comprising: a head (3, 4), A MECHANISM LIGHTING TO HAVE AT LEAST ONE LIGHT SOURCE (26), a transport device (2), TO PREPARE THE HEAD MOVEMENT BETWEEN POWER UNIT AND GRADING (62). HEAD (3, 4) comprising at least two sensor FOTOGRAFICOS installed in two separate modules (4). THESE ARE INSTALLED IN PARALLEL TO A PLATE (3). UNION EXISTS IN EACH PROCEDURE CONDUCCON positionally modules (4). DUCT (27) AND CONDUIT ELECTRONICO (31) IS COUPLED TO UNIONS (28, 33), respectively, which also is attached to the coefficient (4) and potential (5). RATIOS (4) PALPAN, line by line in the document. LENGTH miramiento APPLIANCE, WITH SENSORS OCCURS PHOTOGRAPHY PASSING ALONG THE DOCUMENT. ENDING THE ACTION LEADS THE POTENTIAL (5) MISMO.LA FOR TRANSPORTATION miramiento LENGTH MODULE (4) is very sensitive ASI both the filters and the light source (26) MUST BE DETERMINED AND PLACED IN A PLACE CONCRETE WILL DAMAGE THE sENSITIVE MODULE.


It is reported that the fauna of sheep and goats in the Orenburg region is rather diverse and is represented with a number of species forming parasitic coenoses including various components. The dynamics of eggs and oocytes secretion depends on sexage peculiarities of animals, zonal-climatic conditions and the host's organism resistance. The maximum invasion intensity and extensity have been observed in young animals of eight and up to twelve months age as well as in animals of two years age.


BASF and Glycosyn will partner to develop human milk oligosaccharides for use in dietary supplements, functional nutrition, and medical food. Manufacturing of HMOs such as 2′-fucosyllactose was launched as a way to make infant formula more like mother's milk. But now firms want to add the sugars to products promising to improve gastrointestinal health in adolescents and adults. Glycosyn has patents for those HMO uses, while BASF brings manufacturing expertise.


The estimation of forest plantations growing in the square "Severny", Voronezh is made. Taxation, environmental, silvicultural characteristics of trees are given. Definitions of the quantities of taxational signs, visual assessment of the sanitary condition are carried out, species composition of trees and shrubs and living ground cover is defined. It was found that the floristic list of trees and shrubs of Severny square is represented by two divisions, fifteen families, eighteen genera and by twenty-two species. Distribution of trees in six categories by the state of viability is produced: 1 with no sign of weakening, 2 weak, 3 very weak, 4 drying, 5 fresh dead wood, 6 dead wood of past years, in accordance with "Regulations for the sanitary safety in forests." It is noted that the largest number of trees of square belongs to the second category of viability, ie, to the weakened trees (43 %). It was found that the most growth is characterized by common pear, Norway maple, European chestnut and Bolle's poplar; the least spruce fir, staghorn sumac, alycha and Sorbus scandica. The conclusion both about the prospects of individual trees and the reversibility of pathological processes and the need for cutting down dead and dying trees was made.


The present invention provides a method of administering to a patient by the pulmonary route bisphosphonate active agent in combination with a pyrazolone derivative. The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for use in the practice of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The methods and compositions according to embodiments of the present invention, but find use in a variety of different applications, such as treatment of bone resorption diseases pathology, but is not limited thereto.


This research is entitled Fasting and Its Relevance to Faithfulness (Study of Buya Hamka Interpretation in Al-Azhar Tafsir). This research is included in the category of library research (library research) with a qualitative approach. So that it can reveal the interpretation of the traditions that exist in society. The purpose of this study is to find out the meaning of fasting, to find out the factors and the role of taqwa, to find out Buya Hamka's interpretation of the verses of fasting and its relevance to piety. The results of this study are people who fast will get results in the form of taqwa provided that they live it with several aspects towards taqwa.


Polycrystalline silicon-germanium films have been deposited at a low temperature by dual ion beam sputtering. The ion assisted growth has been studied for various secondary ion beam energy and annealing conditions. The structural and electrical properties of as-deposited and annealed films have been characterized by grazing angle x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, electrical resistivity and Hall mobility measurements. A correlation between crystalline grain growth and surface microstructure has been observed. Sufficient adatom mobility of the growing film has been achieved due to secondary ion bombardment during deposition.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the treatment of fluctuation, i.e., according to the kind of disease, by the frequency control means (18) (12) the oscillation frequency of the generated oscillation frequencies selected from the plurality of the oscillator wave therapeutic apparatus (10), by sequentially selecting the low-frequency side of the frequency fluctuation, and that the time set in oscillation, and from the therapeutic electrode (14) and the independent electrode (16) of the low frequency current, or from the oscillator coil (14), (14A) of the electromagnetic wave or sonic sound waves simultaneously from the oscillator (62) or are applied to the human body.


The (untyped) λ-calculus is almost 90 years old. And yet-we argue here-its study is far from being over. The paper is a bird's eye view of the questions the author worked on in the last few years: how to measure the complexity of λ-terms, how to decompose their evaluation, how to implement it, and how all this varies according to the evaluation strategy. The paper aims at inducing a new way of looking at an old topic, focussing on high-level issues and perspectives.


Metal oxide/organic framework modification through mixing different metal ions is one of the most ingenious methods in material science. This study investigates elaborately designed bimetallic Fe/Mn, tri‐metallic NiFe/Mn‐metal organic frameworks, and their derived metal oxide nanocomposites for supercapacitor application. The novel bi‐ and tri‐metallic MOFs have shown substantially different morphologies consisting of hexagonal bipyramid and interconnected sheets respectively. After calcination, the materials have altered to spinel FeMn2O4 and Ni0.5Fe0.5Mn2O4 with porous nanorods and hierarchical texture features respectively. The diverse morphologies with considerably large surface areas of the mixed metallic MOFs and the derived oxides make them efficient electrochemical electrodes. Ni incorporation also enhances the capacitive behavior of the electrodes and NiFe/Mn‐MOF exhibits a superior specific capacitance of 1640 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, the FeMn2O4 and Ni0.5Fe0.5Mn2O4 nanostructures reveal highly stable capacitance with retention of 93 and 94% over 5000 cycles respectively. Besides, the assembled NiFe/Mn‐MOF//AC asymmetric supercapacitor represents significant energy and power densities of 75 Wh kg−1 and 1166 W kg−1 at 1.5 A g−1 respectively. It also has relatively high stability with capacitance retention of 73% over 5000 cycles.


Context: With the development of artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles are becoming more and more feasible and the safety of Automated Driving (AD) system should be assured. This creates a n ...


This paper introduces new algorithm to improve the performance of a Shunt Active Filter (SAF) by tuning the PI controller gain in order to maintain constant dc link voltage for non-linear balanced and unbalanced loads. The planned PI controller utilize a new artificial intelligent technique methods called grey wolf Optimization (GWO) for tuning the gain parameters of PI controller to attain optimality for SAF dc link voltage . For testing the heftiness of the controller unbalanced resistive loads that fed from uncontrolled three-phase bridge rectifier, proposed system uses balanced are taken as a non-linear loads. the hysteresis current control method and the instantaneous PQ theory is used to make the reference current is used in this strategy to distinguish the the actual currents and extracting reference in order to make the switching pulse for the Shunt Active Power Filter method. Determined Simulation results are attain with (Matlab/Simulink) it demonstrates so as to the GWO based PI controller tuning method is effective for maintaining the constant dc link voltage in minimum time period to improve the performance of the active filter.


Crops often face severe and damaging local drought events, and in some regions, these episodes are predicted to become more frequent due to climate change. Some micro-organisms have been shown to improve drought tolerance and improve yield in crop plants. Here, we show that fungal root endophytes isolated from a wild barley species (Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum) induced significant improvements in agronomic traits for a severely drought-stressed barley cultivar grown in a controlled environment, including number of tillers, grain yield and shoot biomass. Five endophyte strains were tested, and the trait that showed the greatest significant difference in the drought-stressed plants was the number of tillers, where all of the endophyte treatments induced a greater number of tillers per plant. However, except in one case, the mean dry root weight for all plants was greater in the control plants, indicating preferential allocation of resources to aboveground parts in the endophyte treatments. Results were not consistent across all endophyte treatments, with some endophytes performing much better than others. As these growth studies were conducted using soil-based compost, the results may translate to the field and suggest that some of these endophytes have potential as barley inoculants in arid growing conditions.


The paper re‐examines the real effects of credible disinflation in the presence of real wage rigidities and non‐linear dynamics. A credible, gradual disinflation is shown to lead to a delayed output slump along the transition path if real wage rigidities are sufficiently strong. This result is novel and holds across alternative models of nominal inertia—price staggering and price adjustment costs. In the special case of a cold‐turkey disinflation, price adjustment costs imply an immediate but short‐lived slump while price staggering implies a long‐lasting boom.


Purpose: Epidemiological data show that physical activity participation is lowest in minority women, particularly in Latinas. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hypertrophy (HT) and power training (PT) used concomitantly with evaluative (EC) or neutral conditioning (NC) on exercise adherence, lean body mass, and psychosocial variables in Latina women. EC is a behavioral method using paired stimuli to develop and strengthen associations in memory. Methods: 142 Latina women (mean ± SD, age 36.8±15.9 yrs.) were randomly assigned to HT or PT and then further stratified into EC or NC. Results: There was a significant training x conditioning interaction for exercise adherence (Fig. 1). For HT, the EC group demonstrated a significantly longer time spent training than the NC group, (F 1, 184 = 11.874, P < 0.001,ηp2 = .061). For PT, there was no significant difference between EC and NC groups in time spent training. Additionally, a significant time x condition interaction was found for lean bod...


Identification of xanthones and new arabinosides of flavone C-glucosides from Swertia perennis L. – Seven tetraoxygenated xanthones [1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-xanthone (1); 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-xanthone (2); 1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxy-xanthone (3); 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-xanthone (4); 3,7,8-trihydroxy-xanthone-xanthone-1-0-β-glucoside (5); 3,7,8-trimethoxy-xanthone-1-0-primeveroside (6); 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-xanthone-1-0-primeveroside (7)] have been isolated chromatographically, using polyamide columns, from roots of Swertia perennisL. From leaves and stems of the same plant, six xanthones [1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-xanthone (8); 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-xanthone-8-0-β-glucoside (9); mangiferin (10); 1; 4; 5] and four flavone C-glycosides [iso-orientin (11); isovitexin (12); iso-orientin-6″-arabinoside (13); isovitexin-6″-arabinoside (14)] have also been isolated. Among these compounds, 7, 13 and 14 were not encountered before in nature. In the last two compounds, the position of arabinose on the C-glucoside moiety of the flavone was established by 13C-NMR. spectroscopy.


Over the period of time, industries have selected geographical locations which provide specific advantages peculiar to that location. This gave rise to Industrial Clusters. Clusters have emerged through strong but informal linkages, both vertical and horizontal amongst various players in an industry having co-location. Ease of access and availability of knowledge in clusters has been one of the key advantages of spatial agglomeration. R&D and knowledge are the backbones of pharmaceutical industry. The active dispersion of knowledge is bound to encourage the pharmaceutical industry to grow in geographical proximity. Supply chain management is usually studied with more physical aspects in mind as it is associated with management and movement physical goods and services. The soft side of supply chain is equally important which deals with the flow and management of knowledge amongst various members of the supply chain. Knowledge and information is of key importance in many industries especially pharmaceutical and biotechnology. The purpose of this paper is to study the dispersion of knowledge along the supply chain in pharmaceutical industry in selected clusters in North India. This study concludes that there is a significant scope of quantitative and qualitative enhancement of knowledge dispersion amongst supply chain members in selected pharmaceutical clusters in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.


The utility model relates to a three-step buffering device which comprises a connecting shaft. A guide rod, a first rubber pad and a guide sleeve sequentially sleeve the connecting shaft from top to bottom, a gasket used for preventing the guide sleeve from sliding down is arranged on the lower portion of the guide sleeve and sleeves a first bolt which is connected with the bottom end of the connecting shaft, a spring sleeves the connecting shaft between the guide rod and the first rubber pad, and the top end of the connecting shaft is connected with a second rubber pad through a second bolt. The three-step buffering device has the advantage that impact collision caused by a weight can be reduced greatly.


Ayurveda , the science of life focuses on a holistic approach towards achieving health. Body and the mind are inseparable for a sound health, as per ayurveda .  So in view of this, an entity that attracts attention is the hrudaya . As per ayurvedic treatises hrudaya is not an organ that pumps blood, but  an entity with much broader area of action. Hrudaya is that, which controls, shareera (body), manas (mind), indriya (senses) and also is a seat of buddhi( intellect ) and chetana (vitality). And " Hrudya " is another term/function which is found mentioned in various contexts of ayurvedic literature. Hrudya  is often interpreted only as, that which is pleasing to mind. The exact understanding of hrudya , its scope of action and its utility in various somatic and psychic disorders is left unexplored. Therefore, through this article an effort is being made to understand the hrudya  karma( hrudya  function ) in light of hrudaya avayava .


Aquifers for energy storage, as well as other natural formations such as ponds, earth, or lakes, is the goal of a new five-year, US Department of Energy research and demonstration program called Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage, to be managed by the Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Initially, the program will demonstrate energy storage by pumping hot or cold water into aquifers, from which it can be retrieved for district heating. Planners say it could make better use of heat from solar energy installations, as well as other alternative energy systems that vary with seasonal or weather changes. In some applications, it could also make productive use of energy that would otherwise be dissipated as waste heat from electric power production or industrial processes. According to program manager, J.E. Minor (Battelle Mem. Inst., Pac. Northwest Lab.), energy storage of this kind is one route to leveling year-round energy requirements. Auburn University and Texas A and M University are conducting energy storage programs that use current aquifer technology.


Essentials Nonacog beta pegol (N9‐GP) activity is overestimated in clot method using silica‐based reagents. Mimicking contact activation phase with silica reveals N9‐GP activation before recalcification. Localization of N9‐GP to silica facilitates activation by factor XIa and plasma kallikrein. Silica‐based reagents to be used with caution when monitoring N9‐GP therapy using clot method.


The company often faces enormous idiosyncratic risk,and the current capital structure theory rarely involves the impact of idiosyncratic risk on the financing decision.Based on consumption utility indifference pricing method and through the application of stochastic control and optimal stopping theory,this paper considered the problems of pricing equity and debt, optimal capital structure and optimal default trigger determined by equity holders.This paper finds that:(1)Appropriate combination of equity and debt provides diversification benefits;The diversification benefits becomes increasingly weaker with a growth of the risk aversion parameter.(2)Risk aversion parameter has a significant impact upon the optimal default trigger and the equity value,but a slight impact on the debt value.(3)It is an feasible econometric method to estimate the absolution risk aversion parameter based on empirical research.


The literature system of the CCP originates from the complicated political conflict in the contest for hegemony.During the period from 1921 to 1929,the CCP established the status of literature in the propaganda task gradually in the procession of forming a party.The CCP not only set down policies and institutions to reinforce the organizing and control of the literature,but also spreaded the literature theory reflecting the party's ideology to the aspects of schools,press institutions,mass media,literature education and literature controversy etc.,which became the origin and archetype of the "Left Wing Union" in the 1930s and the literature system in the liberated region "Yan An" in the 1940s and after the founding of China.


The authors investigated physical mechanisms for flux pinning and energy losses due to inter- and intragrain flux motion by a high-accuracy experimental technique that uses the levitation effect. Low-power self-stabilizing magnetic rotors with HTS bearings have been designed on the basis of the obtained results, with rotational speeds up to 200,000 RPM. The low energy consumption of the rotor enabled the determination of the energy losses in any sample in alternating magnetic field with an accuracy down to 10/sup -11/ W. By this method, the authors investigated magnetic flux dynamics in Y-123 and Bi-2223 granular superconducting samples and determined that flux motion in a Y-123 sample is described by intragranular thermally assisted flux flow with viscosity equal 8/spl middot/10/sup -5/ kg/m/spl middot/sec. They have also studied the frequency dependencies of energy losses for rotors with nonideal magnetic symmetry and found optimization criteria for rotor design.


Patients can authorize physicians by setting an access tree supporting flexible threshold predicates. A patient attribute-based designated verifier signature a patient selfcontrollable multi-level privacy-preserving cooperative authentication security and privacy requirement in distributed m-healthcare cloud computing system. The directly authorized physicians the indirectly authorized physicians and the unauthorized persons in medical consultation can respectively decipher the personal health information patients identities by satisfying the access tree with their own attribute sets.


Background Instructors often use a point-based system for grading students (e.g., 100 or 1000 total points). This system can impact student outcomes. Objective The purpose of this research was to examine the implications of different point value courses for student emotions, perceptions of courses, and classroom performance. Method The lab-based study used an experimental design to gather student responses to a hypothetical course with one of three potential total point values (100, 1,000, or 100,000 points). The classroom-based study examined student responses to different point values in 12 actual courses in which students were enrolled (with either 100 or 1000 total points). Results In the lab-based study, courses with greater total point values (i.e., 1000 and 100,000) had greater emotional impact than a course with 100 total points. Participants in these conditions also preferred a course that featured a pass/fail scheme. In the classroom-based study, students in the 100-point condition (vs. 1000-point condition) missed more assignments, and as a consequence, performed more poorly in their course. Conclusion Higher total point values in courses may have a more significant impact on students' emotions, and as a consequence, they may miss less work, and perform better in the course overall.


For successful electroweak baryogenesis to take place through the sphaleron process the universe needs to undergo a strong first order cosmological phase transition. While it does not occur in the Standard Model it becomes possible in the presence of extra scalars in BSM. One of these scalars can well be responsible for the recently observed diphoton excess in the CMS and ATLAS experiments in LHC. We study the Electroweak phase transition in a myriad of scalar models in this context.


The maintenance of full employment of production resources, especially labour, is widely recognised as one of the principal objectives of macro-economic policy. However, in a market-Orientated economic systern lXlIicy measures aimed at promoting the employment of labour resources do not necessarily operate directly on emplO'f1Tlent itself but are mostly designed to influence employment indirectly through th91r impact on aggregate demand and output. A policy target of full employment of labour therefore requires a target of full employment output. The potential gross domestic product may be defined as that output 'Nhich the economy is capable of producing under conditionS of full employment of production resources, It may therefore serve as an output target Yv'hich will ensure full employment of labour, given existing production techniques and the optimal input of capital resources. Potential output also measures the production capacity of the economy and in this respect it also has important policy Implications, Short-term policy measures aimed at an unattainable potential output will introduce an inflationary blas into the economy, which could well be detrimental to long-run growth prospects, The aim of this analysis is to obtain SOfTIe indication of the output potential of the South African economy during the period 1960 to 1983 and, given certain assumptions about labour force growth, capital accumulation and the savings behaviour of the South African community, to provk:fe an Indication of the likely growth rate of the future production potential.


Abstract The tragic way in which Pompeii and the surrounding Campanian sites were preserved by the sudden eruption of Vesuvius in ad 79 makes them a unique and precious source of information about ancient gardens, such as can be known from no other ancient site. Living cities and villas are preserved just as they were at the moment of their destruction. The study of Italian gardens begins with these gardens.


We derive the equations of motion for a fluid with intrinsic spin in general relativity from a variational principle. Our theory is a direct extension of the theory of nonspinning fluids in special relativity.


Changes in moisture content of different plants and different organs were introduced.Moisture content of free water and bound water,and physiological significance of specific value were studied.Soil moisture content and air humidity changes were external causes of dehiscent fruit were provided for providing theoretical foundation of plant cultivation and management.


The release of some estrogenic drugs in the sixties which produced with several therapeutic goals mostly prevention of abortion followed in similar cancer for the children born from the users. However, such cancers identified as the subsequent use of the drugs, due to a multiplicity of pharmacists and the inability of patients to identify the leading manufacturers, the law cases failed to prove damages and consequently compensations in the first stage. The reason was the allegations base which was on traditional responsibility rules that require proof of a causal relationship failed in the legal process; afterward, the new concept of the principle of compensation based on the doctrine of "Market Share Liability" could lawsuit against the makers related to their market share and compensate their loss. Similar cases in the courts of the Roman systems like Germany accepted and grew in this period, which covered the same legal issues in this area. Due to risk of such legal disputes in Iran, this descriptive article studies and examines the market share liability concepts in Iranian jurisprudence, possible legal solutions of medicals and insurances regulation and will offer advanced solutions to such disputes.


Wang Xuance,an emissary of the Tang Dynasty,had visited India four times,which improved the political relationship and the economic,science,technological,and cultural ex- change among the Tang Dynasty,Nepal and India.His visits had active and far—reaching effects on many aspects of that time and aftertime.


Owing to the various ways of chemical bonding, carbon can form abundant allotropes with different frameworks, which harbor rich mechanical and electronic properties. Taking the cage-like isomer of C16 cluster as a building block, we design a new low-density carbon allotrope, which has tetragonal symmetry (I4/mmm) and a 56-atom unit cell, hence termed as T-C56. Our first-principles calculations reveal that T-C56 is not only energetically, dynamically, thermally (above 1800 K) and mechanically stable, but even more stable than the experimentally synthesized C20-sc and T-carbon. Remarkably, although the framework of T-C56 is low density (2.72 g cm−3), it exhibits novel superhard properties with a Vickers hardness of 48.71 GPa. The obtained Yang's modulus and ideal strength show that T-C56 is mechanically anisotropic. In particular, our analysis of electronic and optical properties suggest that T-C56 is a transparent indirect semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 3.18 eV (HSE06). These findings highlight a distinct carbon allotrope, having promising applications for optical and aerospace devices due to its light, transparent, superhard features.


The conventional heavy oil viscosity reducer was compared with emulsion and viscosity reducer after using nano-assistant .The test result indicates that after the nano-assistant was used, the surface tension,the effect of viscosity reduction temperature resistance,salt resistance and dewatering were improved slightly, and oil displacement was improved obviously. After the nano-assistant was used in operation, the average daily oil production rate, oil output and oil-gas ratio are improved and steam soak efficiency is evidently raised, oil increment of single well is 120t,by which a technical support is provided for further improving oil recovery and production efficiency in heavy oil recovery.


Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm at El-Salhiea City; Sharkia Governorate during two summer seasons of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and splitting application on maize plant (Zea mays L.) grown on sandy clay loam soil. Ten treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates; which were the simple possible combination between five treatments of N-fertilization, (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N fed -1 ). Each N rate was divided to 1two equal doses 50 and 50% which added after 14 and 48 day after sowing (DAS) and 2four doses 40, 20, 20 and 20% added after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS. The maize plant growth parameter increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilizer rate and the superiority of fresh and dry weight of leaves ear and chlorophyll observed with 120 kgN fed -1 . 100 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield increased with increasing the rate of N fertilizer up to 120 kg N fed -1 . Treatment of 120 kg N fed -1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% added after 14, 28, 48, and 56 DAS, recorded higher values of 100 grain weight, straw and grain yield of wheat. Significant difference in N, P and K concentration in leaves and grain of maize plant were observed due to different levels and splitting of N application. In general, N, P and K% were increased with increasing the N fertilizers levels up to 120 kg N fed -1 with split to 2 doses, and 150 kg N fed -1 with split to 4 doses. Under the same conditions of the experiment, it can be recommended to add the nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg N fed -1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS, which gave the best result of quantity and quality of the maize cultivated on sandy clay loam soil.


A thermal model containing time-variable parameters is constructed from an assumed velocity field and density disturbance. The fluid field is similar to Hill's spherical vortex, and the density disturbance is represented by a low-order Hermitian function series. The time variation of the model parameters is estimated by an optimal approximation method for the inviscid and non-diffusive Boussinesq equations. Initially, there is no motion but there is a low-density disturbance in the environment of neutral stratification. The time variation of the model parameters is studied with the aid of numerical integration. The time evolution of this model within a short period seems to be qualitatively comparable with some computer simulation results.


This report reviews the evidence on the effectiveness of innovation policy schemes for collaboration within a number of evaluation reports and the academic literature. The evidence reviewed is organised around the issues of input additionality, output additionality, behavioural additionality and programme design and governance. It also discusses five important thematic issues including the evaluation of the Alvey Programme, evaluations of the EUREKA Programme, Japanese experience with collaborative R&D support, CIS based evaluations of collaboration, and finally, a series of evaluations of Australia?s Cooperative Research Centres Programmes.


A gradient of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was added to enclosures in a high Arctic lake (Svalbard, 79° N). The aim was to simulate the effect of increased concentrations of DOC that will be a predicted effect of increased temperature and precipitation. The study aimed to provide information on the overall effects of such increased levels of DOC on the pelagic food-web, as well as the increased attenuation of UV-radiation (UV-R) caused by increased DOC. The biomass development of phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and ciliates from 15. July (shortly after ice-off) to 8. August revealed a consistent pattern across all enclosures. Initial phytoplankton biomass decreased from maxima around 600μg Cl -1 towards 50μg Cl -1 by the end of July. Similarly, ciliate biomass decreased from ∼100 to 5 μg Cl -1 , while heterotrophic bacteria decreased from initially 280μg Cl -1 to biomasses near 100μg Cl -1 . Over the same period, zooplankton biomass (almost a monoculture of Daphnia tenebrosa) increased from <40 to some 170μg Cl -1 . These patterns were reflected also in decreasing absolute production of bacteria and phytoplankton, while production:biomass ratio remained fairly constant. In general, the study demonstrated a very dynamic system over the brief ice-free season, where Daphnia grazing had a strong impact on the unicellular biota. Additions of DOC initially stimulated planktonic production, yet this effect was soon overruled by Daphnia grazing. This stimulating effect could be a result both of increased UV-R attenuation and some growth stimulating effect. Since no corresponding stimulating effect was observed in the bag shielded with Mylar filter to screen off UV-B, the latter cause seems most likely.


The present 40 mW generator design for use in space incorporates a thermoelectric module which is connected in a single series electric circuit. The unlikely event of the failure of one of the 324 electric module contacts or N and P legs would result in the loss of all generator power output. This paper presents the results of the work to date to incorporate cross connected parallel circuits that will improve the reliability of the generator while requiring only minor changes in the overall generator design.


Abstract Styrene butadiene Rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends were prepared with different concentration ratios, namely, 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0. The blends were mixed with multifunctional monomer (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and copper sulphate monohydrate. The blends obtained were vulcanized with γ-radiation at a dose of rate 7.51 rad/sec. The thermal properties of the blends obtained were characterized using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The dielectric permittivity (ε') and dielectric loss (ε'') were also measured. The experimental results were analyzed and discussed to show that the dielectric properties of the blends are greatly affected by γ-irradiation and decreased by grafting and cross-linking processes. The results obtained also show that the irradiated rubber blends in the absence of multifunctional monomer are incompatible over the entire range of irradiation dose as proven by the DTA. On the other hand, in the presence of the monomer, they are partially compatible but under certain conditions of blend concentration ratio and irradiation dose.


Background: Combination treatments for acne vulgaris, such as Benzamycin'" (3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide) and Stievamycin'" (0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4%), reduce bacterial growth, which contributes to the inflammatory lesions typical of adolescent acne, and also decrease the epidermal cell compaction which may form the characteristic noninflammatory comedone. Both agents contain erythromycin to reduce the growth of Propionibacterium ames in skin. Benzoyl peroxide has antibiotic activity as well as anticomedogenic properties. Tretinoin may increase the turnover of epidermal cells and loosen the cells compacted to form comedones. A combination preparation containing the two antibiotics may reduce the development of resistance; the combination preparation containing tretinoin and erythromycin will have an antibiotic effect as well as acting on differentiation. Patients and Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study compared the effectiveness of 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide and 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4%, each applied twice daily in patients with moderate acne vulgaris. Overall physician and patient ratings of severity of acne symptoms were performed at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Results: At baseline the two treatment groups had similar disease severity. The number of papules, pustules, and comedones was reduced in both treatment groups at week 12, and the reductions were not significantly different between the two comparators. Global physician rating of improvement was significantly higher in the 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide group compared with the 0.025% tretinoin/ erythromycin 4% group; however, there was no significant difference in global patient ratings between the two treatment groups. An aggregate score was produced, for both Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery Incorporating Medicol and Surgical Dermatology DOl: 10.1007/510227-002-2101-2 J Cutan Med Surg 2003; 31-37 IDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Center (Sunnybrook site) and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2Mediprobe Laboratories Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada 3Department of Dermatology, Toronto General and Toronto Western Hospital (Western site) and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Online publication: 9 October 2002 The study was funded through an unrestricted grant from Dermik Laboratories Canada Inc. Correspondence to:Aditya K. Gupta, Suite 6, 490 Wonderland Road South, London, Ontario, Canada N6K lL6, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com