Growing environments were controlled to prevent or reduce lettuce tipburn, a physiological disorder in inner developing leaves around a growing point caused by calcium deficiency. Lettuce (Lactuna sativa, L.) of butter head type was grown by hydroponics in a controlled-environment room which had heaters, humidifiers, a refrigerator, electric lamps, and a CO2 control apparatus. With air pumps and flexible pipes, room air was blown onto inner developing leaves totally or partially enclosed by the outer leaves. After transplanting, lettuce plants were exposed to various air supply conditions. Air temperature and RH were 24° C and 85%, respectively, in the light period, and 20° C and 85% in the dark. The PPF was 264 mmol m–2s–l, and light period was 14 hours. The CO2 concentration was 1500 mmol mol–1. Temperature of the nutrient solution was constant at 20° C, pH was 5.8-6.2, and EC was 150 mS/m. The effects of various conditions on tipburn development were studied in relation to growth rate. Air supply to inner leaves prevented tipburn completely up to 60 g f.w., though tipburn occurred at approximately 15 g f.w. in the control. All-day air supply was more effective in preventing tipburn than air supply in the light period or the dark period alone. Air supply to inner developing leaves was proved effective in preventing tipburn without sacrificing a rapid growth rate. The reason for the effect was an increase in transpiration from the leaves encouraged water and calcium uptake by the root and increased calcium concentration in the leaves.


The SAGE dynamic microsimulation model is an analytical tool with which to make projections and inform the development of social policy in Britain for the twenty-first century. As in other such models, the principal purpose of this model is to study the implications of population ageing for pensions and issues regarding health and long-term care needs.1 The model starts with a base population of individuals from a sample of the 1991 Census of Great Britain, and proceeds by updating each individual's status for every year in accordance with various life course transitions. The model specifies various demographic processes, education, employment, earnings, pension accumulation, health and disability and support networks.2 This chapter describes the work undertaken in constructing the labour market module and highlights generic lessons that can be drawn from this work.3


Embrapa maintains an important reservoir of agroecological diversity conserved in its genebanks, distributed in its different centers. In the same way as in other international genebanks, in general, this material has been always available just for research institutions. However, some examples of opening these genebanks for direct service of society presented large impact on the recognition of the complementarities between the strategies of ex situ and in situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Therefore, Brazilian public policies, established with the National Plan for Agro-ecology and Organic Agriculture, have guided the increase and the standardization of opening the public genebanks to small farmers and their unions. Many actions are underway to implement this important task inside Embrapa. The results of this action are


How monetary policy affects the economy is a central topic of debate in macroeconomics. The bank lending channel is one approach that emphasises the role of banks. Banks are important because of asymmetric information in the financial market. Banks are assumed to be better at handling information problems than other lenders. In this paper it is analysed how monetary policy works when there is a bank lending channel and then it is tested for the importance of this channel using Swedish data.


The Pharmaceutical field is a rapidly growing and highly variable market due to constant advancements in medical research. This industry is also considered one of the biggest markets currently in place. The competition in the pharmaceutical field requires companies to operate in a very efficient and effective way to ensure a competitive edge that allows them to keep moving forward. Furthermore, innovations in the IT industry have become a major part of businesses worldwide. One of the most advanced tools that companies are implementing nowadays is Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP) that runs the entire operational infrastructure in an automated way. This article aims to provide a qualitative approach to the integration of ERP in the pharmaceutical industry and the depth and spread of the available applications through testimonies from various head of departments within a pharmaceutical company that underwent a migration from a manual to an automated system.


This paper provides an overview of the education and support needs of women with abnormal Pap smears. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), rish factors for the development of cervical cancer, diagnosis by colposcopy, and treatment approaches will be presented. This background information lays a foundation for enhancing the quality of nursing care for these women.


Cutaneous metastasis from an internal malignancy is estimated to occur in 1 percent to 9 percent of patients with cancer.


The article deals with the problem of of two-link robotic manipulator program motions stabilization on a movable base by creating a PI-controller. The manipulator consists of two homogeneous links connected by a joint. A moving load is placed in the second link gripper. A movable base makes a translational motion in the horizontal plane. The links of the manipulator are also moving in the horizontal plane. Thus, the manipulator performs planar motion. The manipulator motions are described by the system of Lagrange equations of the second kind. The paper presents a control law carrying out stabilization of the given program motion as a proportional-integral dependence on condition that the base of the manipulator performs 1 Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект No 15-01-08482).


Learning is a transformative process as much for the e-learner as for the more traditional learner. In the process of helping our students grow, the transformative potential of our work can be enhanced by humanizing, participatory, and emancipatory methods. These methods, as portrayed in this article, have foundations in the work of Paulo Freire and are presented here to give specific guidelines for e-learning applications of Freire's ideas.


Alpha-hydroxy ketones are versatile intermediates for the synthesis of complex molecular architectures and subunits of a variety of natural products. Different approaches towards the synthesis of this important functional group combination have been elaborated. The present article summarises our research on the field of RuO4-catalysed oxidations of alkenes that resulted in the development of the first RuO4-catalysed ketohydroxylation of olefins. Mechanistic investigations of both dihydroxylation and ketohydroxylation led to the discovery of the first regioselective catalytic mono oxidation of vic-diols, which was applied in a two-step sequence of asymmetric dihydroxylation and regioselective mono oxidation to furnish enantiopure alpha-hydroxy ketones with both predictable regioselectivity and absolute configuration.


Knowledge of the distribution and excitation of gas close to the nuclei of starburst galaxies is an essential element in the construction of models dealing with intense, but short-lived, star forming events. Building a comprehensive picture of the concentrations of various gaseous components in such regions calls for a multi-wavelength approach: the principal cooling lines of cold (T<200K) molecular gas fall in the millimetre waveband, those of hot (T~l -3x l0 3 K) excited molecular material in the near-IR, and those pinpointing starburst activity in the optical. In many cases the extents of the emitting regions are on the order of only a few arcseconds. As part of such a study into the relationship between various nearand circumnuclear gaseous components in starburst galaxies, we have obtained data on NGC 6764, a barred spiral classified as a LINER, at resolutions of l"-4" across the optical, near-infrared and millimetre wavelength regimes. In a previous paper (Eckart et al. 1991) we discussed extensive single dish millimetre and JHK near-IR measurements of the nucleus and disk of NGC 6764. Here we present new near-IR observations obtained with the MPE FAST instrument (Rotaciuc et al. 1991) at the William Herschel Telescope, along with 2" resolution 1 C0 J=l-0 (115 GHz) interferometry measured with the Nobeyama millimeter array and 1" optical spectroscopy from the 3.5m Calar Alto telescope. Near-IR images, at spatial and spectral resolutions of ~ 1 " and 300 kms 1 respectively, were obtained in the 2.121/im H2 v=l-0 S(1) line, which traces hot molecular material with densities ~ 5 x l 0 4 cm 3 , excited via the action of shocks or in gas heated by intense UV or X-ray fluxes (see van der Werf et al., these proceedings). These data are presented in the accompanying figure together with our Nobeyama CO measurements and a 5GHz VLA radio continuum map (Wilson & Willis 1980). These data indicate that the excited H2 gas is extended on scales of a few arcseconds and that the emission shows prominent extensions to the south and south-east, similar to those seen in the radio continuum map. Although the CO map, which traces molecular gas with temperatures of 1020K and number densities of a few times 10 cm 3 , confirms that a large fraction of the emission arises from the inner 5", it also reveals components which are


The realizable aperture efficiency of electronically steered horn arrays is restricted by the thickness of the horn walls. The minimum thickness is driven by manufacturing limitations. Introducing a metal grid structure over the horn array can appreciably increase aperture efficiency [1]. This gain enhancing mesh (GEM) may be integrated into a radome, dust cover, or meander-line polarizer. An improvement in aperture efficiency of over 0.4 dB at the EHF band has been demonstrated.


For any positive integer s,let p=3.2~(s-1)-1,q=3.2~s-1,r=9.2~(2s-1)-1,m=2~s pq,n=2~s r.In this paper we prove that if s≡1 or 2(mod 4),then(m,n)is a pair of amicable numbers if and only if S=2.


Th e fi nancial market of Russia is preparing for the entry into force on January 1, 2020 of the Federal Law No. 514-FZ of December 27, 2019, which made signifi cant changes to the legislation on the legal regulation of securities issuance procedures, taking into account the increasing demands of the time, world and national markets.


The present study examines the extent to which American consumers' political attitudes translate into their economic preferences in the post-September 11 climate. Specifically, nationalism, patriotism, and internationalism as antecedents to consumer ethnocentrism are investigated. A web-based survey was carried out on a sample drawn from a population of known internet users in the USA. Results from this study show that nationalism and internationalism are good predictors of American consumers' ethnocentric tendencies. In addition, demographic characteristics such as gender, age, income, and education exhibit significant effects on consumer ethnocentrism. Male, younger, higher-income and better-educated consumers tend to be less ethnocentric. Suggestions are made to help both domestic and foreign firms and marketers understand how the post-September 11 political climate affects American consumers' economic preferences. Results from this study also provide useful insights for further theory development on consumer ethnocentrism in today's global marketplace.


Shwetapradara (Abnormal Vaginal discharge) in the reproductive age group is the most common complaint encountered everyday both by gynecologists and general practitioners. It occurs in 1-14% of all women in the reproductive age group. The prevalence of vaginal discharge in India is estimated to be 30%. The current study is an attempt to compare and to evaluate the efficacy of Nimbadi Yonivarti and Nimbadi Ghanavati in the treatment of Swetapradara by local route and oral route of administration. Married woman age group from 20yrs to 60yrs having clinical features of Shwetapradara and having positive causative organism by wet smear test have been selected for the trial. Among 103 registered patients, 51 patients were in Group ANimbadi Yonivarti while 52 patients were in GroupBNimbadi Ghanavati. Among registered patients, 50 patients completed the course of treatment in each groups. Nimbadi Yoga was used to make both drugs i.e. Nimbadi Yonivarti and Nimbadi Ghanavati. Nimbadi Yonivarti (3 gm each) was given per vaginally once at bed time for 15 days continuously. Nimbadi Ghanavati (two tablets of 500mg each) was given orally thrice a day before meal for 15 days continuously. Overall effect on subjective and objective parameters was found 85.13% in group A while 81.83% in Group B without any complication. Complete remission was found 24% in Group A while 12% in Group B. Marked improvement was found 60% in Group A while 70% in Group B. The data revealed that Nimbadi Yoga is highly effective in the management of Shwetapradara by local as well as oral route of administration. Nimbadi World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 3, 1238-1249. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 1 Article Received on 17 Jan. 2019, Revised on 06 Feb. 2019, Accepted on 27 Feb. 2019 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20193-14122 *Corresponding Author Hetal P. Baraiya Reader, Dept. of Streeroga and Prasootitantra, Shri Gulabkunverba Ayurved Mahavidhyalaya, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.


Thermal energy storage systems with phase-change materials promise a high energy density for applications where heat is to be stored in a narrow temperature range. The advantage of higher capacities comes along with some challenges in terms of behavior prediction. The heat transfer into such a storage is highly transient and depends on the phase state, which is either liquid or solid in the present investigation. The aim is to quantify the heat transfer into the storage and to compare two different fin geometries. The novel geometry is supposed to accelerate the melting process. For this purpose, a single tube test rig was designed, built, and equipped with aluminum fins. The phase-change material temperature as well as the heat-transfer fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet were measured for charging and discharging cycles. Sodium nitrate is used as phase-change material, and the storage is operated ±30 ∘ C around the melting point of sodium nitrate, which is 306 ∘ C . An enthalpy function for sodium nitrate is proposed and the methodology for determining the apparent heat-transfer rate is provided. The phase-change material temperature trends are shown and analyzed; different melting in radial and axial directions and in the individual geometry sections occurs. With the enthalpy function for sodium nitrate, the energy balance is determined over the melting range. Values for the apparent heat-transfer coefficient are derived, which allow capacity and power estimations for industrial-scale latent heat thermal energy systems.


In 1973, Patrick and Lindstrom serendipitously demonstrated the pathogenic effect of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies when they immunized rabbits with AChR purified from the electric organ of eels. The rabbits developed paralysis that was reversed by injection of edrophonium and all had precipitating antibodies to eel AChR. Subsequently, AChR binding antibodies (AChR-Abs) measured with a radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIA) were found in 87% of sera from myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. RIA using radiolabeled α-bungarotoxin remains the predominant method for measuring the presence and quantity of antibodies binding to AChR. AChR antibodies can accelerate endocytosis of the receptors by cross-linking them (modulating) and/or blocking the acetylcholine binding sites. These functional activities can be measured by an assay using cultured human muscle cells to detect reduction in the number of cell-surface binding sites for radiolabeled α-bungarotoxin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed as an alternative method to measure binding antibodies, although these assays may not detect very low concentrations of antibodies nor measure their functions. AChR-Abs are highly specific for MG, being positive in up to 90% of patients with generalized MG and in over 50% of those with ocular MG. Some MG patients without AChR-Abs on RIA have been found to have either AChR antibodies detected on cell-based assay, antibodies to muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), or low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 (LRP4). With the incremental discovery of pathogenic antibodies, serologic testing has become the predominant method for establishing the diagnosis of MG. The presence of AChR-Abs in the right clinical context not only establishes the diagnosis of MG but also informs treating physicians or researchers of the patient's serologic subgroup. This information can be used to guide development of novel therapeutics or implementing treatments. It would be very helpful if the antibody titer correlated with clinical severity or treatment response, and this has been the subject of many studies since the antibodies were discovered. However, these studies have consistently shown that the AChR-Ab titer varies markedly among patients, and does not correlate or correlates only loosely with disease severity. Change in the antibody titer also correlates weakly and inconsistently with change in disease severity. Among other things, this may be due to individual differences in affinity, binding sites, or pathogenicity of the antibodies. Notably, an early study showed that the correlation with severity improved when the functional antibody properties of "degradation" and blocking were combined. Currently, the utility of the AChRAb titer as a biomarker to follow the clinical course is limited, and repeated measurements are not routinely recommended for this purpose. In this issue of the Journal, Ching et al report five MG patients treated with plasma exchange (PLEx) who had AChR-Ab titers up to tenfold higher after PLEx compared with their baseline titers. In four of these patients, antibody overshoot was associated with clinical deterioration requiring additional treatments with subsequent PLEx, eculizumab, rituximab, or immunosuppressants. In one patient, the antibody overshoot was not associated with clinical deterioration. The antibody titers subsequently returned to baseline levels in all these patients. Although there seems to be a correlation between the clinical course and the antibody titers in most of these patients, one can only speculate on the true relationship because of the retrospective nature of this study-there may be other patients in whom antibody overshoot occurred without clinical deterioration and in whom further AChR-Ab measurements were not made or reported. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the antibody titer was on the rise before PLEx or the PLEx itself triggered higher production of antibodies. Another important consideration when comparing antibody titers is whether this is simply due to measurement variability, although this is unlikely because the measurements were made in the same commercial laboratory. Considering all these limitations, we agree with the authors that monitoring antibody titers after PLEx cannot be used to make treatment decisions. Antibody overshoot after PLEx was initially described in the 1980s, when the AChR-Ab had been recently discovered and PLEx was a prominent treatment for MG exacerbations. In one report, 5 of 17 patients treated with PLEx had antibody overshoot, which was accompanied by recurrence of MG symptoms in 3. Four additional patients had relapses after PLEx, and three of these were associated with rising antibody titers that did not exceed the baseline value. The report suggested that antibody overshoot may not be rare. However, there have not been any further reports of antibody overshoot in the past four decades, which may reflect the clinical practice of using immunosuppression after PLEx to prevent overshoot, and the fact that AChR-Ab is not widely used to monitor disease progression. The report by Ching et al provides an opportunity to ask whether there is value in following the AChR-Ab titer in some cases or circumstances. In a recent study of 53 MG patients, an average daily reduction of 0.64% or more from the baseline AChR-Ab titer within 100 days of beginning immunosuppressive treatment predicted achievement of minimal manifestation status. This result is consistent with findings from Received: 6 July 2021 Revised: 9 July 2021 Accepted: 18 July 2021


Climate change causes earlier and warmer springs in seasonal environments and a higher incidence of extreme weather events. In aquatic environments, this changes the thermal conditions during spawning, and the thermal performance of eggs and embryos may determine the consequences of climate change on recruitment. In iteroparous species with indeterminate growth, the eggs produced by a given female in successive years will increase in size as the female grows larger and likely be exposed to different temperatures during incubation due to annual variation in spring phenology. Still, we know little about whether differences in maternal size impact the temperature-dependent performance and viability of the offspring. Here we utilised a thermal gradient laboratory experiment on Baltic Sea perch (Perca fluviatilis) to investigate how maternal size influence the temperature dependent hatching success of the offspring. The results uncovered a positive relationship between maternal size and average hatching success, but the shape of the relationship (reaction norm) linking hatching success to incubation temperature was independent of maternal size. However, we did find an association between maternal size and the variance (S.D. and CV) in hatching success across temperatures, with larger females producing offspring with maintained performance (less sensitive) across temperature treatments, indicative of flatter reaction norms and broader thermal niches. This suggests that maintaining the size distribution of fish populations, for instance through regulations of size-selective fisheries, may be important to aid the long-term productivity and viability of fish populations and ultimately conserve the function and services of ecosystems.


Chemical analysis methods of acid pickling solution of martensitic stainless steel were studied in detail.In acid pickling solution of martensitic stainless steel,the sum of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid can be titrated by standard NaOH solution with phenolphthalein as the indicator.The content of hydrofluoric acid with pH ranging from 2.9 to 3.4 can be titrated by standard Th(NO3)4 solution with sodium alizarinsulfonate as the indicator.The content of hydrofluoric acid subtracted from the sum of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid gives the content of nitric acid.In the determination of hydrofluoric acid content,the recovery rate is from 100.3% to 101.9%,and the relative standard deviation is 0.004%.In the determination of nitric acid content,the recovery rate is from 99.1% to 101.3%,and the relative standard deviation is 0.01%.The method is suitable for controlling the contents of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in acid pickling solution of martensitic stainless steel.


The study examined the sociolinguistic situation of a Tigwahanon indigenous community in Bukidnon regarding its language use, attitudes, and documentation. It also identified the recommendations to perpetuate their language. The study employed a qualitative design, particularly the linguistic ethnographic method. Results showed that the Tigwahanon language was limitedly used in several social domains, and it was poorly documented. However, all participants had positive attitudes toward their language despite their viewpoints that social discrimination and stigma associated with speaking the language; bilingual environment; Cebuano as the mother tongue in school; and migration were obstacles that may affect promoting their language. Yet they wished their language to be promoted through education, raising awareness, language documentation, using modern technology, empowering, and pursuing higher education. These findings placed the Tigwahanon community in the language revitalization continuum and suggest that the Tigwahanon community and language advocates work together to document and protect the Tigwahanon language.


Study was made on the influence on temperature by evaporation and vegetation in summer in Zhuzhou city. The results showed that the temperature near the ground was the main factor influencing the evaporation. When the gap of evaporation rate was 0.607 g(/cm 2 ·h),it led to a temperature gap of 0.5 ℃ on average at 0.5m above the concrete ground. It was not efficient to decrease temperature in the summer only by means of water evaporation. It is more efficient to reduce temperature in the street in the summer by increasing vegetation cover. When humidity was too high or too low, the temperature-decreasing efficiency of evapora- tion became much weak.


Cash-flow crises and balance sheet insolvency resulting from inadequate rate relief and the interruption or cancellation of major construction projects have brought several utilities perilously close to bankruptcy proceedings. Given the uniquely regulated revenue structure of utilities and their obligation to provide essential service to the public, what guidelines would govern a utility company's operations during bankruptcy and its plan for reorganization. This article reviews the significant effects of public utility bankruptcy from the creditors' perspective and suggests several management strategies aimed at easing the pressures which may lead to more serious financial crises.


Nonunion employee grievance procedures, defined as the procedural requirements with respect to the processing of employees' complaints in nonunion companies, are a form of employee voice, alternative dispute resolution procedures, and industrial justice systems.

Keywords:

Distributive Justice


Data subset selection refers to the process of finding a small subset of training data such that the predictive performance of a classifier trained on it is close to that of a classifier trained on the full training data. A variety of sophisticated algorithms have been proposed specifically for data subset selection. A closely related problem is the active learning problem developed for semi-supervised learning. The key step of active learning is to identify an important subset of unlabeled data by making use of the currently available labeled data. This paper starts with a simple observation – one can apply any off-the-shelf active learning algorithm in the context of data subset selection. The idea is very simple – we pick a small random subset of data and pretend as if this random subset is the only labeled data, and the rest is not labeled. By pretending so, one can simply apply any off-the-shelf active learning algorithm. After each step of sample selection, we can "reveal" the label of the selected samples (as if we label the chosen samples in the original active learning scenario) and continue running the algorithm until one reaches the desired subset size. We observe that surprisingly, this active learning-based algorithm outperforms all the current data subset selection algorithms on the benchmark tasks. We also perform a simple controlled experiment to understand better why this approach works well. As a result, we find that it is crucial to find a balance between easy-to-classify and hard-to-classify examples when selecting a subset.


[1] Fracture networks exert a strong influence on fluid flow in the subsurface. We present a 2-D linear elastic finite element model that generates fracture patterns in incremental iterative steps. A subcritical failure criterion is applied to simulate quasi-static multiple crack propagation. We study their impact on fluid flow as a function of fracture density. Fractures are represented by closed polygons. Geomechanical apertures are a by-product of growth and depend on the current stress state. Fracture arrest, closure, and coalescence are handled by a geometric kernel. Traction and cohesion along fracture walls are not taken into account. All patterns are generated assuming plane strain and applying displacement tensile boundary conditions. We assume randomly distributed flaw positions with a uniform probability distribution and Gaussian-distributed flaw lengths. A piecewise fracture permeability is derived from the parallel plate law. We measure the effective permeability, keff, and fracture-matrix flux ratio, qf/qm across the percolation threshold. Before the percolation threshold we observe an increase in keff of up to two orders of magnitude. Models with fixed apertures overpredict keff by up to six orders of magnitude, as they disregard variations in the aperture distribution due to fracture interaction. After percolation our model predicts steady linear increase in effective permeability. The qf/qm ratio better captures the initial increase in hydraulic conductivity of the system as opposed to the keff measurements. Results corroborate that fracture percolation and stress-dependent aperture distribution due to mechanical interactions control the evolution of the keff of the system. Results depend on the number of initial flaws used for fracture set growth.


Strong demand for plasmonic devices with an enormously enhanced electric field and desired resonance frequencies has led to extensive investigations of metallic slot structures. While strong field enhancement can be achieved by reducing the width of the slot, the effect of the gap surface plasmon limits the maximum achievable field enhancement at higher frequencies. Specifically, the effect of the gap surface plasmon becomes stronger as the gap width decreases and strongly suppresses the transmission while causing a red-shift of the resonance. Here, we overcome these issues and realize strong field enhancements at higher frequencies, by managing the metal thickness of the nanoslots. We show that, as the nanoslots become as thin as 10 nm, they show a giant electric field enhancement of up to 7600. Moreover, the resonances are strongly blue-shifted to above 1 THz from 0.33 THz. Our work provides a novel route to achieving high field enhancements at desired frequencies, as well as a means by which to charact...


The radar-derived refractivity field can be used as a proxy of near-surface moisture field and has the potential to improve the forecast of convective initialization. The refractivity retrieval was originally developed for the use of single radar, and was recently extended for a network of radars by solving a constrained minimization of mean-square-errors (MSE). In practice, the number of high quality clutter returns can be often fewer than the number of retrieved refractivity points and the retrieval problem becomes ill-defined. In this work, an emerging technology of compressive sensing (CS) is proposed to retrieve refractivity field using a network of radars. It has been shown that CS can provide optimal solution for an underdetermined inverse problem if the conditions of sufficient sparsity and incoherence property are met. For example, CS has been proven to be advantageous over other least mean-square-errors (MSE) based methods if the number of measurements is much fewer than the dimension of signals to be retrieved. In this work, the relationship between the refractivity field and the phases measured from multiple radars is represented by a linear model. A CS framework with discrete cosine transform (DCT) was used to solve the inversion. The application of CS to refractivity retrieval using single and multiple radars is demonstrated using simulations. In simulation, the model refractivity field was calculated from numerical weather model. Subsequently, the radar-measured phases from randomly located clutters were generated by integrating refractivity along the ray path. The performance of CS was quantified statistically for various conditions such as the amount of measurement errors, the number of high quality clutter returns, and radar locations. Further, the performance of CS was compared to the method that was developed previously using a MSE approach with smoothness constrain. Our preliminary results have shown that CS can provide relatively robust and high quality estimates of refractivity field for most cases ∗ Corresponding author address: Serkan Ozturk, University of Oklahoma, School of Meteorology, 120 David L. Boren Blvd., Rm 5340, Norman, OK 73072-7307; e-mail: email@example.com


Although the use of the term "addiction" dates back to 1890, literature studies on the subject are relatively new. In food addiction (FA), the individual develops a behavioral pattern similar to addiction for processed, greasy, sugary, and salty foods. Neurobiological studies on FA show considerable similarities with substance addiction. FA, which has been shown to accompany eating disorders and psychiatric disorders, should be included in treatment guides in order to facilitate diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this article is to raise conceptual awareness regarding diagnosis and treatment strategies for FA..


An Almost Ideal Demand System with habit formation was estimated for fish and four meat products in Malaysia for the period of 1960-1990. It was found that these was pervasiveness of habit formation for fish, chicken and pork but not beef and mutton. Fish and other meat products were found to be necessities and demand for chicken was price elastic but demand for fish, pork, and beef was less responsive to their price change. Fish substitutes for chicken and pork but all meat products were complementary to each other.


Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and the brain's own macrophages are the most motile cells in the CNS and those with highest plasticity, as they rapidly move their projections to actively screen their environment for any type of injury. Upon cell damage or infection, microglia respond quickly: they proliferate, change morphology from ramified to amoeboid state to migrate or invade towards the injury, secrete many types of cytokines and chemokines to communicate with other inflammatory cells, and phagocytose cell debris. WNTs are secreted lipoglycoproteins, which bind to and act through the Frizzled family of receptors. The Frizzled (FZD) surface receptors belong to a family of seven transmembrane receptors listed as G protein-coupled receptors because of their structural similarities. WNT/FZD-signaling was historically divided into two main branches of pathways, depending whether or not they induce β-catenin stabilization. With increasing knowledge the WNT pathways are mainly named after their protein-induced intracellular events. WNT/FZDsignaling is important during embryonic development, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. Even though WNTs are expressed in the brain and definitely in contact with microglia cells, a link between microglia and WNTs has just recently begun to emerge. The aim of this thesis is to study how microglia cells respond to stimulation with recombinant WNTs with regards to WNT-induced intracellular signaling and physiological outcome. We have investigated this by the use of classical biochemical techniques, such as immunoblotting, immunochemistry, RT/QPCR, GDP/GTP exchange assay and proliferation assay. The results show that primary microglia cells isolated from mice and a microglia-like cell line (N13) express several receptors for WNTs and respond to recombinant WNT stimulation. Stimulation with WNT-3A induced the WNT/β-catenin-dependent pathway, and, in parallel, a classical GPCR pathway leading to phosphorylation of the MAPKs ERK1/2. Interestingly, by the use of the Gαi/o protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PTX), we pinpoint a central role for heterotrimeric G proteins in both WNT-3A-induced pathways. Further, stimulation of microglia with recombinant WNT-5A induced a classical GPCR MAPK signaling pathway recruiting Gαi/o-protein, PKC, calcium and MEK1/2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2. In addition, WNT stimulation of microglia induced a substantial proinflammatory response by increasing the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthase COX2, proliferation and invasion. Notably, some of these WNT-induced inflammatory markers could be inhibited by PTX or by a MEK1/2 inhibitor, pointing towards a WNT-induced G protein-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, in Alzheimer's disease, a chronic neuroinflammatory condition associated with activated microglia, amoeboid-like microglia cells show high levels of β-catenin, suggesting that WNT/β-catenin signaling in microglia plays an important role in AD-associated microglia activation. In addition, WNT-3A and WNT-5A induced the expression of COX2 dose-dependently, but if microglia are preactivated by the proinflammatory bacterial wall derivate lipopolysaccharide (LPS), WNTs counteract LPS-induced COX-2 expression. This suggests a dual regulatory, i. e. pro-and anti-inflammatory effect of WNTs on microglia. In conclusion, WNTs are expressed in the brain and have impact on microglia's inflammatory activity; this suggests that WNTs may play important roles as modulators of microglia activity in neuroinflammation and tissue homeostasis. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Halleskog C., Mulder J, Dahlstrom J, Mackie K, Hortobagyi T, Tanila H, Kumar Puli L, Farber K, Harkany T, and Schulte G. (2011) WNT signaling in activated microglia is proinflammatory. Glia. 59: 119-131. II. Halleskog C., and Schulte G. (2013) Pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G(αi/o) proteins mediate WNT/β-catenin and WNT/ERK1/2 signaling in mouse primary microglia stimulated with purified WNT-3A. Cellular Signalling. 25: 822-828 III. Kilander MBC, Halleskog C., and Schulte G. (2011) Recombinant WNTs differentially activate β-catenin-dependent and -independent signalling in mouse microglia-like cells. Acta Physiologica (Oxf). 203: 363-372. IV. Halleskog C., Dijksterhuis JP, Kilander MB, Becerril-Ortega J, Villaescusa JC, Lindgren E, Arenas E, and Schulte G. (2012) Heterotrimeric G protein-dependent WNT-5A signaling to ERK1/2 mediates distinct aspects of microglia proinflammatory transformation. Journal of Neuroinflammation.9: 111. V. Halleskog C., and Schulte G. WNT-3A and WNT-5A counteract LPSinduced proinflammatory changes in mouse primary microglia. Journal of Neurochemistry. Doi: 10.1111/jnc.12250. All previously published papers were reproduced with permission from the publisher.


The inactivation of pathogens in sewage sludge reduces the risks of infection through contaminant pathways associated with handling and disposal. Domestic sludge sourced from a rural treatment plant was found to contain high levels of the indicator microoganisms E. coli and fecal coliforms and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and C.perfringens. An effective and simple approach to enhance pathogen removal in a rural treatment setting was desired. Existing literature suggested that draw/fill staged configurations tended to yield better inactivation rates. Other literature suggested that the build-up of inhibitory compounds such as VFAs were detrimental to pathogens and that VFAs could be accumulated in higher temperature microaerobic conditions. The investigation of microaerobic pretreatment was trialed as a novel approach to staged digestion for improved pathogen removal. Microaerobic pretreatment of aerobically digested sludge improved inactivation of aerobic bacteria but the inactivation of persistent spores of C. perfringens were inconclusive. Microaerobic pretreatment alone was investigated in three phases of the experiments and did not result in inactivation greater than one log reduction for any bacteria monitored. In Phase I where feed solids concentration was varied across four reactors, the lowest solids loading of 1.1% TS showed the best removal rates of pathogens. In Phase II, contact time was evaluated in terms of feeding frequency and residence time. It was found that less frequent feeding and longer residence times were more effective in removing pathogens as expected from the reactor kinetics and suggested by the literature. The impact after digestion was found to be significant in Phase III for fecal coliforms, E.coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. It appeared that changes to the sludge matrix in microaerobic pretreatment improved digester performance in terms of pathogen removal. Operating variables were monitored to gain an understanding of the factors impacting performance. Statistical analyses were performed at the 90% confidence interval to determine which if any factors differed significantly between systems and stages. The major findings were that mesophilic pretreatment (35°C) with air supplied at 0.06wm yielded significantly higher ammonia levels after pretreatment than did pretreatment at ambient temperatures. This was hypothesized to account for the significantly greater extent of nitrification observed in downstream aerobic digestion over the effluents from digestion without pretreatment and those that were pretreated under ambient microaerobic conditions. Accordingly, the pH in those digesters was significantly lower than after digestion without pretreatment and after digestion with ambient microaerobic pretreatment. This enhanced depression in pH was hypothesized to account for the significantly enhanced inactivation in pathogens.


Configuration and principle of the constant ore feeding control system are introduced Main hardwares such as microprocessor belt scale,programmable controller and AC frequency conversion speed regu lar and performance of the control system are described This system can be extensively applied in on-line measurement and material flow control aresas.


Fighting among community groups in urban areas is no longer a new problem that should be faced by the community as city inhabitants and the city government as ruler and policy maker. But the issue of fights between community groups has become part of the complexities of city life, so it must be accepted as a reality. Fights between groups in urban communities, such as in Makassar City, do not have to occur in densely populated and slum settlements due to not being well organized, but also occur in residential environments that grow and are built with regular arrangement, as is the case in "BTP" (Bumi Tamalanrea Permai) Housing, which is one of the many settlements that grow in the city of Makassar. BTP with its plurality of inhabitants certainly is undeniable that there is a grouping. Whether it is among ethnic groups, nationalities and religions (race), including the compartmentalization of regions of origin. Such environmental conditions caused the years to end in 1990-1n and early 2000s, at the Bumi Tamalanrea Permai housing conflict broke out in the nature of fights between community groups in which religion was used as a group differentiator. This event was quite alarming because, in addition to bloodshed, also the direction to the destruction of house buildings. Keywords: Fighting, groups, BTP.


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Conduction electron spins interacting with magnetic impurity spins can lead to an indirect exchange interaction between magnetic impurities in nonmagnetic metals or semiconductors, namely, RKKY interaction. In general, this RKKY coupling is too weak to apply on devices. In this paper, we find that when a laser field of appropriate frequency irradiates the nanosystems, it can greatly strengthen the RKKY interaction. This is the so-called optical resonant RKKY interaction. We give the resonant frequencies for different size samples, and calculate the exchange integrals for these samples on the near-resonant conditions. This optical resonant RKKY coupling may be strong enough to guarantee its application on spintronic devices.


The invention discloses an organic light emission diode device containing an acridone compound. The device comprises a hole transport layer, a light emission layer and an electron transport layer. The material of the light emission layer of the device comprises a compound containing an acridone group, and the structural formula of the compound is shown in the general formula (1). According to the acridone material, due to a small triplet and singlet energy difference, energy transfer between host and guest materials can be realized easily, energy that is originally lost in a heat form is easily available, the radiative transition efficiency of the light emission layer is enhanced, and the high efficiency of the device can be acquired more easily. Further, when a fluorescent material is selected as a doped material, light emission radiation of the doped material is acquired more easily, and a long service life of the material can be acquired more easily.


Background: Pelvic organ prolapse refers to protrusions of the pelvic organs into or out of the vaginal canal. Vaginal prolapse can occur without uterine prolapse but uterus cannot descend without carrying the upper vagina with it. Therefore, genital prolapse is divided into two broad categories; one is uterine prolapse the other is vaginal prolapse. They are again divided into different subgroups. Objective: To find out risk factors that will help to reduce the incidence of uterovaginal prolapse. Method: It is a retrospective case control study conducted in the department of Obst & Gynae, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of October 2009 to June 2010. We included 50 uterovaginal prolapse women as a case and 50 reasonably healthy women as a control. Vault prolapse after abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, only cystocele, only rectocele, was excluded from study. Results: In this study, 62% women were 45-65 years of age and in control group this was 46%, P value was .001. In case group most of the women were multiparous, 84% were > 5, in control group this was 20%. P value was .001. Most of the patients had history of repeated childbirth, <3yrs, in control group it was >5yrs, p value is 0.001 which is highly sigficant. Most of the patients were coming from low socio-economic condition. In case group it was 56% and control group 34%, P value was 0.191. In this study, most of the patient had history of prolong labour (14.6%). Instrumental delivery 0.4% In case group, 80% patients showed easy vaginal delivery, 4.2% had obstructed labour. Almost 100% patients had history of something coming down per vagina. 42% complaining of frequency, 58% incomplete voiding, 10% retention of urine, 4% had stress incontinence, P value of incomplete voiding .001. 74% patients had history of constipation and 30% patients had history of difficulty in defecation. P value .001. 68% in case group complaining watery per vaginal discharge, 12% in control group. P Value .001. 22% in case group complaining of chronic cough, P value .001. 74% cases signifiquent history of heavy physical work. P value .001. 72% cases were 2nd degree uterine prolapse, 18% 1st degree and 10% 3rd degree prolapse. Conclusion: Early marriage, difficult childbirth, low socio-economic condition, poor nutrition status, delivery conducted by untrained dais, no rest in puerperium and complication of delivery are found to be recommended risk factors of utero-vaginal prolapse. In our socio-economic condition, it is need of ours to strengthen the existing maternal services at the basic level of community and build up the awareness to overcome & remove the risk factors of prolapse.


Tunable optical pulse compression is proposed to generate the FCC compliant impulse radio utra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulses with high speed modulation. Experimental generation and transmission of up to 5 Gbps IR-UWB signals are successfully demonstrated.


Simple Summary Fatty acids play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. The birth and the neonatal period are characterized by a high risk of inflammation and an increased production of reactive oxygen species in the calf. The present study deals with the effects of a different maternal fatty acid supply including the supplementation of saturated fatty acids by coconut oil, essential fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid or a combination of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on the immunological and oxidative as well as anti-oxidative status of neonatal calves. Maternal essential fatty acid as well as conjugated linoleic acid supply affected the inflammatory response and the oxidative and anti-oxidative status of the neonatal offspring. Essential fatty acids might have beneficial effects on the prevention of dysregulated inflammation after birth and reduced the plasma bilirubin concentrations in this period. Conjugated linoleic acid and saturated fatty acids might increase the inflammatory response. Similarly, plasma bilirubin increased, which in part might serve as a protector against oxidative stress in the early phase after birth. Abstract Fatty acids are known for their regulatory role in inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study investigated 38 calves born from dams, abomasally supplemented with coconut oil, essential fatty acids (EFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or EFA + CLA, according to immunological traits and the oxidative and anti-oxidative status for the first 5 days of life. On day 2 of life, plasma total bilirubin, cholesterol, interleukin 1-β and ferric ion reducing anti-oxygen power (FRAP) were lower in calves with than without maternal EFA supplementation, and FRAP additionally on day 4. On day 3, the concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites were higher in calves with than without maternal EFA supplementation and additionally on day 5 together of retinol. Total leucocyte counts were decreased in the EFA group compared to the CLA group on day 5. Lymphocyte proportions decreased from day 1 to 5 only in the EFA + CLA group. On day 2, plasma total protein was higher in CLA and EFA + CLA than in EFA calves. Similarly, CLA calves had higher interleukin 1-β concentrations compared to EFA + CLA calves. FRAP was decreased by CLA on day 4. Overall, the maternal fatty acid supply affected the inflammatory response and the oxidative and anti-oxidative status of the neonatal offspring.


Abstract : This study examines the viability of heavy (mechanized/armor) stay- behind forces in a deep maneuver role. A stay-behind force is a unit left behind an enemy advance to conduct a mission in the enemy rear after other friendly forces have withdrawn from the area. The monograph examines possible missions for the deep maneuver stay-behind unit, and the commander's requirements in terms of the seven battlefield operating systems. A determination is made whether the requirements for stay-behind operations can be met, and given the nature of modern battle and the weapons systems available, whether the ends of such operations justify the means. The conclusion is that the deep maneuver stay-behind operation is not a viable mission for heavy forces. Logistics requirements, fuel and casualty evacuation in particular, are the main limitations. Additionally, with modern technology', deep fires can effectively accomplish the same mission as a deep maneuver force. The monograph concludes that even though stay-behind forces are not viable in the deep battle, they are possible in support of the close fight.... Stay-behind force, Bypassed force, Deep maneuver.


Kinetic energy release measurements show that the similar primary fragmentation reactions in o-methoxybenzaldehyde and 2,3 dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol occur from common ion structures.


- X (1)Sigma(+) (v" = 0) Lyman bands in HD are presented using a narrow bandwidth vacuum ultraviolet laser system combined with an accurate frequency calibration. These measurements complete the recently published data on the Lyman frequency transitions of Philip.


In Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) projects, all stakeholders may be exposed to losses due to changes in political and legal environment which in turn certainly affect the satisfaction of clients'...


Educators at all levels are increasingly being told that classrooms should be places where students are guided through processes of critical inquiry, work collaboratively, and use both written and oral languages as tools for learning. The value of a collaborative, language-centered approach to teaching and learning can be demonstrated by drawing on two sources: (1) the work of language and composition theorists; and (2) the experiences of practicing classroom teachers. Theorists such as Janet Emig and James Britton present strong arguments for the use of written and oral language as ways of making and communicating meaning, of shaping knowledge, and of coming to know oneself. School and college teachers who espouse collaborative classrooms often discuss this approach in terms that transcend merely its language-based and cognitive value. Beyond these categories, teachers view such a classroom in terms of its social and cultural value, both to students--in the classroom and beyond--and to teachers, thus ascribing to it a global, humanistic value beyond the subject matter of the classroom. In short, despite the forces which wage war against this kind of pedagogical shift, this information attests to the value of changing the traditional classroom model to one that is collaborative, .rocess-oriented, and which features both oral and written language which are used to create meaning as well as to communicate it. (Included are three figures which list the values of such am approach, based on an informal survey of teachers.) (Author/n) Ii**********************Ikm********************************:::******* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***************************************************************1******* 1.1,1 DERUITMENT OF EDUCATION Oava al Eauukaanas Raw Ian ana anarawarroat EDI/CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI d The Documaal u awl aforapuead as rwanews horn me mama ay arganisatIoa argrammv C Moor Limnos Nava been mace Id latOrOwe gu OPIrOdiKNOO Perms*, vow Al *Mamas *twee in Ma limoMOM do nos oloaddooty rodoompos odIctio OE RI Amman or poacp -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MA REAL. HAS BEEN TED SY


Cancer cells frequently exhibit specific alterations in their metabolic activity. This metabolic reprogramming supports the increased production of metabolic intermediates for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and is a prerequisite for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. The most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer are an increase in glucose uptake and the use of aerobic glycolysis, termed the Warburg effect. However, other metabolic processes, including protein, nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis, are also enhanced as part of cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming. The majority of adult mammalian tissues satisfy their lipid requirements through the uptake of free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), from the bloodstream. Fatty acid (FA) and cholesterol biosynthesis are restricted to a subset of tissues, including liver, adipose and lactating breast tissues. However, reactivation of lipid biosynthesis is frequently observed in cancer tissue (reviewed by Menendez and Lupu, 2007). Over the past few years, increasing attention has been given to the study of the metabolic processes involved in lipid biosynthesis and their regulation within the context of this disease. In this Review, we will highlight some of the recent evidence implicating deregulated lipid biosynthesis in cancer development. We will focus on the contribution of some of the key enzymes involved in FA and cholesterol biosynthesis to cell transformation and cancer development. We will discuss their regulation by oncogenic signalling pathways and by the environmental conditions in growing tumours. Finally, we will examine how deregulated lipid metabolism in cancer cells might contribute to the complex interactions between cancer cells and the variety of stromal cell types that are recruited into the tumour. Because stromal cells play a vital role in cancer development and disease progression, targeting lipid metabolism in cancer cells could have therapeutic benefits.


The polemics on comprehending the position of women as witness within the context of qs. Al-Baqarah [2] : 282 become one of interest to be examined further. Literally, the verse appears to undermine the women status and raises the issue of gender inequality. The article offers an alternate way to look up this widely discussed theme. Using Fazlur Rahman's theory of double movement, namely micro and macro asbab an-nuzul, the verse is revisited in order to gain a more progressive and comprehensive understanding on the status of women witness. Other analytical tools such as linguistics, intra-textuality and inter-textuality are also deployed in enriching the discussion.


In this paper, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) method was applied to low frequency scalograms in order to contribute to the development of diagnostic and early diagnosis systems of epileptic intracranial EEG (iEEG) signals of brain dynamics at preictal, ictal, and postictal states, and to achieve results that will be the basis for determining the pathological conditions of iEEG signals. As part of this study, iEEG data obtained from epileptic subjects were first decomposed into their subbands by discrete wavelet transformation, and then Shannon entropy was applied to these five subbands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). The results obtained made us observe that the delta subband entropy value is lower than other subband entropy values. A low entropy value means that the data is less chaotic. A low degree of chaos means better predictability. Within this context, scalogram images of low-frequency delta subband were obtained at preictal, ictal, and postictal stages and treated with the CNN method, and consequently, a 93.33% accuracy rate was obtained.


Recently, considerable attention has been focused on the investigation of the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) to drive autonomous mobile robot for navigation in flexible, indoor environments instead of fixed locations, for their potential as a cheap, easily deployed, and distributed monitoring tool. However, such composite net systems are nontrivial to design for the robot systems typically assume the map known in advance, or they need to build the map while moving around, with the help of acquired sensor network infrastructure information. The key component for determining the robot's pose by the information of physical location of the sensor nodes after they have been deployed is known as the problem of localization. In this paper we propose an environment map free navigation algorithm based on RF wireless sensor networks for an indoor autonomous mobile robot. In our navigation system, the robot can navigate autonomously without the need for a map, by acquiring the information of pre-set radio emission sensors deployed in an indoor environment. By measuring the distance from one sensor node after another using triangular localization method, the robot locates itself and knows its pose. The proposed algorithm is conceptually simple and easy to implement. Our approach is applied to a mobile robot platform, simulation and experimental results show that good localization can be achieved using the proposed method.


Leuconostoc mesenteroides No. 20-2-10 isolated from Kimchi demonstrated to be a good strain for the production of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an intracellular enzyme (average 1u/ml broth). It was demenstrated that the maximum enzyme activity was obtained in the AC medium containing 1.2% sucrose as a carbon source and 1.0% yeast extract and 1.0% tryptone as nitrogen sources. The optimum temperature and pH for the culture of the organism were and 7.0, respectively. The maximum growth of the cell and the productivity of the enzyme was attained within 10 hours at the condition described above.


question of happiness and those which do not, i, e., ethics based in obligation and law. BecausePinckaers seeshumanfulfillment as the organizing principle of the moral life, he is able to unify revelation (the particular sources of Christian ethics) and practical reason. He holds that the Sermon on the Mount, for example, "strikes a human cord more 'natural' and universal than reason by itself can ever do" (p. 163).But whatever is the case on this point, Pinckaers intends to conform Christianethics to the movement of the Spirit in the Christian life. Thesecondpart of the bookis a briefhistoryof moraltheology. ForPinckaers, thehistoryreads as a rise (culminating with Thomas)and a fall. Thepivotalmoment comeswithOckham. Ockham proposes that "freedomdoes not proceed from reason and will, as St Thomas said, but precedesthem and movesthem to act;a person canchoose whetheror not to know and towill" (p. 243). Theresultof thisshiftis that the human fulfillment (along with corresponding inclinations and virtues) no longer provides the frameworkfor human actsor the link between divine andhumanfreedom. Thehumanendand the virtues are replacedby the will and the impositionoflaw. This shift to law and will is Pinckaers' interpretive key for understanding the manualist tradition and recent (intractable) arguments concerning the status of moral norms and naturallaw. With the nominalist disjunction of freedom from the good, natural law and freedom are divided as well. "To modems, nature seemed to shackle their freedom; they must conquer and dominate it." Pinckaers, on the other hand, holds that our nature "is spiritual, being made up of inclinations toward the true, the good, and love, none of which are opposed to freedom" (p. 291). He calls for a renewed theological understanding ofnature: "Grace reveals God to man and man to himself. It would be appropriate, therefore, in moral theology to begin with faith and the Gospel, knowing that the true good of man would then be perceived all the more clearly even on the purely human level" (p. 292).


EFFICIENT MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR TIME-DEPENDENT QUANTUM SYSTEM WITH APPLICATIONS TO CARBON NANOTUBES MAY 2010 ZUOJING CHEN M.Sc., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT AMHERST M.S.E.C.E., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Eric Polizzi Nowadays, for nano-electronic devices, inter-atomic interactions and quantum effects are becoming increasingly important. For time dependent problem, such as high frequency electronics responses, the description of the system behavior necessitate insights on the time dependent electron dynamics. In this thesis, we will be identifying all the numerical difficulties and propose new effective modeling and numerical schemes to address the current limitations in time-dependent quantum simulations. A real-space mesh techniques framework and TDDFT type calculations are used for obtaining time dependent properties for nanowire type device(such as CNT). Direct Hamiltonian diagonalizations are performed by using the innovative linear scaling eigenvalue solver FEAST, and a Gauss Quadrature scheme is proposed to enhance the speed and accuracy of the time evolution calculation.


n-type Mg2(Si0.4Sn0.6)Bix (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) solid solutions with minute amounts of Bi were prepared by induction melting, melt spinning (MS), and spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, namely the non-equilibrium technique MS-SPS, using bulks of Mg, Si, Sn, Bi as raw materials; the phase components, microstructures as well as the thermoelectric properties were systematically investigated. The multiple localized nanostructures within the matrix containing nanoscale precipitates and mesoscale grains were formed, resulting in remarkably decreasing of lattice thermal conductivities, particularly for samples with the nanoscale precipitates having the size of 10–20 nm. Meanwhile, the electrical resistivity was reduced and the Seebeck coefficient was increased by Bi-doping, causing improved electrical performance for the Mg2(Si0.4Sn0.6)Bix (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) compounds. The dimensionless figure of merit ZT was significantly improved and the maximum value reaches 1.20 at 573 K for the Mg2(Si0.4Sn0.6)Bi0.03 sample, greatly h...


Kopaja.id as online learning had developed in 2019.  This research is to provide online fun learning to students who want to learn tax anytime and anywhere. This research is follow-up research which using research and development method to reach the Technology Readiness Level for applied research. The development of an application system has been carried out based on a website with the address https://kopaja.id which can be accessed and used for learning from taxation courses. User testing with the Perceived Usability Website instrument developed by Wang and Senecal. The research sample is from 55 students of DIV Public Sector Accounting,  Department of Economics and Business, UGM Vocational School. The test results show that the website system is functioning correctly and user ratings show that the website has easy navigation, speed of access, and is comfortable to explore; however; interaction with users is still not optimal. Result of self-measurement on the achievement of Technology Readiness Level (TRL) reaches TRL 6.


This method of releasing the vehicle brake, the following steps, i.e., an automobile start command, when the manual application of the motor vehicle brakes in a position for stopping the car at rest does not occur after the completion of the assist device, progressively releases the brake according to the control method suitable adapted to move the car generally in its weight under itself tends towards speed state and the acceleration state is not a predetermined zero, then the predetermined condition When deemed reached comprises the step of assisting apparatus stops the release of the brake.


Proper planting is essential for healthy, vigorous growth of ornamental plants in the landscape. It assures rapid plant establishment by providing a favorable environment for the developing root system. Planting involves more than merely digging a hole and sticking a plant in it. Giving careful consideration to the preparation of the planting site, the time of year for best plant establishment and the handling requirements of different nursery stock will help you avoid problems later on. This publication offers step-by-step guidelines that will help you achieve planting success.


Six inbred lines in glutinous corn were used as test materials and a complete diallele cross was carried out by the the Griffing method(4) in order to study the general combining ability(GCA),specific combining ability(SCA) of plant height,ear height,the first stalk diameter on ground,the first stalk length on ground,growth date,ear weight,ear length and ear diameter in fresh glutinous corn.The results showed that the difference among GCA of other traits was very significant except the first stalk length on ground and that in SCA of the other traits was also very significant except ear diameter and first stalk length on ground.Ear diameter was mainly controlled by additive gene while the other traits gave expression to both additive gene and non-additive gene actions.In agricultural traits,P2,P6,P3 and P5 inbred lines were comparatively high in GCA of most traits,while the combination of P36,P15,P12,P16,P23 and P26 was the same in SCA.


Contents: Preface Introductions: The world of the tavern: an introduction, Beat KA min and B. Ann Tlusty Satan's servant or authorities' agent? Publicans in 18th-century Germany, Michael Frank Public houses and their patrons in early modern Europe, Beat KA min Thematic approaches: English inns, taverns, alehouses and brandy shops: the legislative framework 1495-1797, Judith Hunter Public houses, clientelism, and faith: strategies of power in early modern Toggenburg, Fabian BrAndle Taverns in Nuremberg prints at the time of the German Reformation, Alison Stewart Inns and taverns of western Sussex, 1550-1700: a documentary and architectural investigation, Janet Pennington The public house and military culture in Germany, 1500-1648, B. Ann Tlusty Regional Studies: The pre-modern hospitality trade in the Central Alpine region: the example of Tyrol, Hans Heiss Ownership of public houses by the Swiss nobility: a regional case-study, Felix MA ller Drink houses in early modern Russia, George E. Snow The 18th-century English inn: a transient 'golden age', John Chartres Index.


Obtaining optical absorption spectrum for other pure ionic liquids. After pure characterization, mixing of ionic liquids to characterize the spectrum and understand any differences in the spectrum between a superposition of pure spectra and the mixed spectrum. Also, comparison of the experimental spectra to quantum mechanical models to help understand the excitation of an ionic liquid during absorption. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30


Frank Walsh. Sin and Censorship: The Catholic Church and the Motion Picture Industry. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. Gregory Black. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics and the Movies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994 Gregory Black. The Catholic Crusade Against the Movies: 1940-75. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. The influence of the Catholic Church on Hollywood became abundantly apparent in 1930, when the moguls of the film industry allowed Daniel Lord, a Jesuit priest, and Martin Quigley, a Catholic layman who published a movie trade paper, to formulate the Motion Picture Production Code. Moreover, the Code, which was designed to regulate the industry's system of self-censorship, was administered by yet another Catholic layman, Joseph Breen, the industry censor. In addition, the American bishops launched the Catholic Legion of Decency in 1934, to rate the moral suitability of movies for its Catholic constituency. The Legion's ratings were followed by many non-Catholics as well as by Catholics (in the absence of an industry rating system, which would not be inaugurated until 1968). Hence the studios tended to do the Legion's bidding, in order to avoid receiving an objectionable rating for a movie, which could damage the film's chances at the box office. Gregory Black narrates these events in the first of his two volumes on the Church's interaction with the movie industry, as does Frank Walsh in his one-volume study of the same subject, Sin and Censorship. Both Walsh and Black, in their respective studies of this topic, draw on studio records, the industry's censorship files, and the Legion's archives, in order to present an engrossing account of how the Catholic Church affected the moral content of Hollywood films for more than four decades. Walsh's single volume carries the narrative up to the 1970s. By contrast, Black's first book, Hollywood Censored, stops at 1940; but his follow-up volume, The Catholic Crusade Against the Movies, goes all the way to the 1970s. As a result, Black treats films in his two-volume work that Walsh does not have room for; e.g., William Wyler's brilliant study of juvenile delinquency, Dead End (1937), which brought the Dead End Kids into prominence. Black recounts how producer Sam Goldwyn instructed Lillian Hellman to "clean up" the play from which her screenplay was derived. Black cites Hellman as commenting that what Goldwyn really meant was "to cut off its balls." Black then records how Hellman managed to sanitize the play sufficiently to get the film past both the industry censor and the Legion; she did so by removing the play's coarse language, as well as explicit references to prostitution and venereal disease. …


Reactive oxygen species( ROS) play a dual role in plant growth,development and responses to numerous environmental stresses: eliciting oxidative damages at high concentration,mediating cellular signalling as second messenger at low concentration. Such a functional switch depends on the equilibrium between ROS production and scavenging,which is delicately monitored by an in vivo binary antioxidative system with both enzymic and nonenzymic components. Among the antioxidative enzymes,plant cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1( APX1) is crucial in cellular redox homeostasis and ROS scavenging network. It has been regarded as an important leverage of ROS roles,and thus given with extensive research interest. This review introduced with emphasis the research progress on plant APX1 in enzymatic characteristics, gene expression and regulation, biological roles, and applications in plant genetic engineering of stress resistance,aiming at providing useful insights for future studies on plant ROS and stress tolerance.


In response to the banning of Mexican American Studies in Tucson, students in the newly formed Chican@ 1 Literature, Art, and Social Studies program displayed their resiliency in the face of the oppressive actions of the Tucson Unified School District and the state of Arizona. This article serves as a platform for the voices of these dedicated youth who continued their educational and activist journey on Sundays throughout the 2012–2013 academic school year. The students share their impressions of why the Chican@ Literature, Art, and Social Studies program was important to them and how the curriculum, pedagogy, and relationships with classmates and their teacher shaped their continued struggle to revive Mexican American Studies for future generations and the transformation of the world. Traditionally the term "Chicano" would be used for individuals of Mexican descent in the United States, and "Latino" is a pan-ethnic term that is inclusive of the people of South American and Central American descent. Due to the gendered nature of languages, the use of Chican@ and Latin@ have become more commonly used in Educational, Feminist, and Ethnic Studies scholarship as a representation of both Chicanas/Chicanos and Latinas/Latinos. It is a way to embrace equality and respect toward everyone.


Introduction Endoscopic therapy of Barrett's Oesophagus (BE) with high grade dysplasia (HGD) and/or intramucosal cancer (IMC) by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a recognised alternative to surgical resection. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of two radically different endotherapy approaches of focal EMR of neoplastic foci followed by RFA versus focal EMR followed by more radical EMR as necessary. Methods Patients referred with Barrett's HGD and/or IMC where treated with either focal EMR to visibly elevated lesions with subsequent intensive RFA of residual BE (Group A) or by a protocol of focal EMR to eradicate neoplasia (Group B). There were 37 patients (83% males) in Group A with a mean age of 66 years and a mean Barrett's segment length was 6.9 cms (1–14). In Group B we had 44 patients (90% males) with a mean age of 68 years and mean segment length of 5.0 cms (2–15). All patients were followed up in a rigorous endoscopic programme. The mean duration of follow-up was 23 months in Group A and 32 months in Group B. Results In Group A total of 23 EMR procedures were performed with a mean of 0.6 sessions per patient. Treatment then proceeded with a RFA-intensive protocol such that a total of 79 ablations were administered with a mean of 2 sessions per patient. Thereafter, Nd:YAG laser was applied to residual islands less than 0.5 cm in length. In Group B a total of 72 EMR procedures were performed with a mean of 1.6 sessions per patient. In this group RFA was employed in 6 patients only. No significant post-procedural complications were identified in these patients. Eradication of neoplasia (HGD and IMC) was achieved in 35/37 patients (95%) in Group A and 41/41 (100%) in Group B. Furthermore, during this relatively short follow-up period eradication of Barrett's oesophagus was achieved in 31/37 of patients (84%) in Group A. Conclusion This is the largest reported series demonstrating similarly excellent outcomes for two radically different endoscopic approaches for the ablation of Barrett's neoplasia. In addition, the RFA-intensive strategy has proved effective in eradicating residual Barrett's oesophagus. These observations call for a randomised controlled trial comparing these two strategies in order to identify the most cost-effective option.


This paper presents a novel robot-environment interaction in navigation tasks such that robots have neither a representation of their working space nor planning function, instead, an active environment takes charge of these aspects. This is realized by spatially deploying computing units, called cells, and making cells manage traffic in their respective physical region. Different from stigmegic approaches, cells interact with each other to manage environmental information and to construct instructions on how robots move.As a proof-of-concept, we present an architecture called AFADA and its prototype, consisting of modular cells and robots moving on the cells. The instructions from cells are based on a distributed routing algorithm and a reservation protocol. We demonstrate that AFADA enables a robot to move efficiently in a dynamic environment that stochastic changes its topology, comparing to self-navigation by a robot itself. This is followed by several demos, including multi-robot navigation, highlighting the power of offloading both representation and planning from robots to the environment. We expect that the concept of AFADA contributes to developing the infrastructure for multiple robots because it can engage online and lifelong planning and execution.


Based on the students attending Wushu Optional Courses in Guangdong Women's Polytechnic College, this paper analyzes the present teaching situations, such as the students' attitude to Wushu learning, teaching contents, methods and effectiveness, suggesting Wushu Optional Courses be innovated, teaching hardware be strengthened, teaching contents be optimized. It also comes up with an idea that Wushu teaching should incorporate visual aids like CAI for Wushu learning so that the students learn it through the visual aids.


We demonstrate that van der Waals interactions can be used to self-assemble a small, controlled number of magnetic nanoparticles onto metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes. We study the effect of the sequential grafting on the room temperature transport properties of carbon-nanotube electronic devices containing metallic or semiconducting carbon nanotubes. The results show that the grafting of the nano-objects has different effects on metallic and semiconducting CNTs, with an appreciable effect for single nanoparticle grafting only on field effect transistors. The results indicate that these grafting techniques are suited for the production of multi-quantum dot systems usable at low temperatures. Magnetization measurements of single nano-objects using carbon nanotube-based magnetic sensors, like nano-SQUID devices, also become feasible.


The most important requirement for forestry units managing state owned forests is to carry out sustainable forest management. Among the many criteria of sustainable forest management the maintenance of a stable financial background is essential. Providing the financial background is almost solely based upon the incomes generated from marketable forest based products and services, of which timber is predominant. Studying the potential incomes from timer is therefore of high importance for both the representative of the state as the owner and the forest management units. This income can be considered as the basis of calculating the trusteeship fee. This paper presents an applicable method to calculate long term profitability of forest management.


Many rehabilitation robots have been designed to alleviate the conflict between increasing number of post-stroke patients and shortage of therapists. Active training is the main feature of advanced rehabilitation robots, which has been proved to be more effective than simple passive movement training. This paper presents the implementation of active training on a 2-DOF upper-limb rehabilitation robot, which can assist the shoulder and elbow joint rehabilitation training of post-stroke patients. The controller is built based on impedance control, which can provide a compliant human-robot reaction. The implementation of active training is combined with a virtual reality game, and the average error between the actual and target reaction force is 1.41 ± 0.79 N in the X axis, and 1.22 ± 0.91 N in the Y axis.


The spectral shape and flavor composition of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux can contain important information about the sources and processes which produce it. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has previously demonstrated the ability to observe neutrinos of all flavors by selecting events which interact within the detector volume. Sensitivity to charged current muon neutrino interactions in or close to the detector has also been shown by selecting muon track events whose directions indicate passage through the Earth. We present an updated analysis of starting events using 6 years of IceCube data taken from 2010--2016 focusing on energies from the PeV region down to 1 TeV, far below the threshold of the original data sample used in the initial discovery of the astrophysical flux. Astrophysical neutrinos remain the dominant component in the southern sky down to 10 TeV. We then also perform a unified analysis of the flavor and spectrum implications of this sample when combined with the recently published data on $\nu_\mu$ induced muon tracks as well as recent work to identify candidate $\nu_\tau$ events.


The computation of long-range sound propagation, which consists in solving the full 3-D compressible Navier-Stokes equations in order to include all physical phenomena correctly, is now feasible. These progress are mostly due to the development of high fidelity algorithms in aeroacoustics over the last two decades, characterized by a high spectral accuracy and a low selective dissipation. The accuracy of these algorithms has been validated by considering various benchmark problems in computational aeroacoustics. However, assessment of the numerical accuracy remains tricky for nonlinear problems. In the context of long-range atmospheric propagation of infrasounds, nonlinear effects induced by large relative amplitudes and molecular absorption in the upper atmosphere can be significant. A direct computation of the propagation and a spectral analysis of the acoustic signals are here performed. The importance of the numerical dissipation is examined by considering the spectral transfer function of the numeric...


The invention discloses a low-voltage slow start circuit which comprises a transistor MOS1 and a control loop, wherein the transistor MOS1 is an N-channel MosFET, the drain electrode of the transistor MOS1 is connected with main input voltage Vin1, the source electrode of the transistor MOS1 is connected with output voltage Vout, the grid electrode of the transistor MOS1 is connected with the control loop, and the other end of the control loop is connected with auxiliary input voltage Vin2. Because of adopting the two paths of input voltage Vin1 and Vin2 which have a difference value greater than the threshold voltage of the transistor MOS1, the transistor MOS1 can be normally conducted. Moreover, because the control loop controls the conduction time of the transistor MOS1 and the output voltage is smoothly raised, the functions of low-voltage slow start and sequential control are realized, and the problem that a belch phenomenon occurs in the output voltage is also solved.


An ultrasonic method for the extraction of alizarin from roots of Morinda citrifolia was investigated. The influence of four extraction variables on extraction efficiencies of alizarin was evaluated and compared with maceration. The optimal extraction conditions found were 0.1 g dried plant sample with soaked for 3 h in 15 mL of 60% aqueous ethanol and then extraction for 15min under ultrasonic irradiation in ultrasonic bath. Under the optimumconditions, the extraction yield of alizarinwas 14.80 i'± 0.02mg/ g with 95 - 102 % recovery. The reproducibility of the extraction method were in the range of 2.1 -2.5%for intra-day and inter-day extraction.


Objective: To obtain the replication-defective retrovirus. Methods: In this research, with the recombined retroviral expression vector was constructed. The package cell was successfully cultured, then the package cell were co-transfected through the recombined vector. Results: The package is finished successfully. Conclusions: the replication-defective retrovirus was produced.


One of the things that are protected for the benefit of humans is to maintain offspring. For this reason, Islam regulates marriage and forbids adultery, stipulates who should not be married, how marriage is carried out, what conditions must be met, and how is it legal so that the children that are born from that relationship can be considered legitimate and become legal descendants of their fathers. This study aims to analyze the position of the principle of monogamy in the Indonesian Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage by analyzing the application of the principle of monogamy in Law Number 1 of 1974 to reconstruct this law based on justice value. This research is a normative-legal type of research that is used to examine the function of a norm that lays the law as an instrument that regulates and controls society. The approach used in this research is conceptual, a statute approach, a philosophical approach, and a comparative approach. The analysis used in this research is descriptive-qualitative. The result shows that the marriage in Law Number 1 of 1974 which has been used so far has not fulfilled a sense of justice, especially for husbands who want to practice polygamy even though the wife has been permitted to do polygamy. Article 2 paragraph (2) provides special conditions for husbands who will have polygamy, namely permission from the court, even though permission from the first wife is already owned. This is certainly a burden for the husband because he has to deal with the court which of course requires time, money, and energy. In addition, the court's participation in granting permission for polygamy according to the author is a form of court intervention in other people's household affairs.


High impedance (about 1 Megaohm) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are used to observe and record the magnetodynamics of the nanomagnets that form the junctions themselves. To counteract the bandwidth limitations caused by the high impedance of the junction and the parasitic capacitance intrinsic to any cryogenic system, silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) are used as cryogenic preamplifiers for the MTJs. The resulting measurement improvements include an increase in bandwidth by a factor of 3.89, an increase in signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 6.62, and a gain of 7.75 of the TMR signal produced by the MTJ. The limitation to the measurement system was found to be from the external, room temperature electronics. Despite this limitation, these improvements allow for better time-resolved magnetodynamics measurements of the MTJs. These experiments pave the way for future cryogenic, magnetodynamics measurement improvements, and could even be useful in cryogenic memory applications.


This article, the third in a series aimed at providing veterinary staff and students with tips and tools to enhance teaching and learning, considers how to give feedback to students in a constructive manner that enhances learning in practice.


Antipsychotics are a class of psychiatric medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders (ATC code N05A). First-generation antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, were discovered in the 1950s. Most second-generation drugs, known as atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently. Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways, but atypicals tend to act on serotonin receptors as well.

 In the present book, ten typical literatures about antipsychotics published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on medical science, neurology, psychology, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in antipsychotics as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.


A uniform distribution of color centers in a LiF crystal was achieved by /sup 60/Co ..gamma..-ray irradiation. The crystal was used in an optically pumped laser to produce 0.69 ..mu..m radiation. (AIP)


The comprehensive development of information and communication technology in the recent decades has made human face wonderfulevolution in all aspects of his life. Indeed, this evolution has had undeniable effects on economy general structure and social and cultural parts at the international level. Also, this evolution includes financial and banking services of the current century economy. They are so efficient that they have created some innovations on the kind, quality and quantity of the presented services. Technological revolutions creating high speed and low cost systems of electronic exchanges have seriously evolved financial and banking market structure. Thus this research considers e-banking fulfillmen.


User cooperation in wireless networks is inherently a cross-layer optimization problem. We identify a new direction for cooperative communications: i.e., in addition to the point-to-point communication channel between the transmitter and the receiver, the communication configuration should take the network topology into account. In this paper, we first propose a network modulation (NM) design that can transmit bits with different SNR requirements in a single symbol transmission. We then propose an error-correction coding assisted relay (EAR) scheme that is also configured according to the network topology. We study the performance of NM and EAR in both a three-node collinear network and a two-dimensional cellular network. Extensive simulations have been conducted, which demonstrate the substantial performance gain of the proposed schemes, in terms of both a higher network throughput and a lower bit-energy consumption. Comparing between NM and EAR, NM is more beneficial for the downlink performance and EAR is more beneficial for the uplink performance. Combining NM and EAR leads to a more efficient cooperative network. It is concluded that the topology-aware physical layer design will be a promising direction with many open issues for further study.


Understanding the biological impact of chemicals is hindered by the high number and diversity of compounds in the market. To simplify the chemical risk assessment, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) method has arisen as a framework to predict the impact of chemical exposure on human and environmental health. The development of this predictive tool requires knowledge of the molecular interaction between chemicals and protein targets. Those molecular initiating events connect alterations of cellular function with physiological impairment. This strategy aims to focus on the complex biological interaction to predict the impact on health. The high-throughput identification of all chemical targets can be obtained by a proteomics-based thermal shift assay, however, selecting the priority target candidate is a biased process strongly dependent on expert knowledge and literature. Here, we unravel new molecular initiating event from a tested chemical combining the target deconvolution by the proteome integral solubility alteration (PISA) assay, and the target selection by an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach. In the proof-of-concept study, we identified by PISA assay 8 protein targets for 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) from the soluble proteome from hepatic cells containing 2824 proteins. The definition of the AHP approach facilitates the selection of heat shock protein beta-1 (Hspb1) as the most suitable protein for developing AOPs. Our results demonstrated that the process of target identification is independent from a chemical characterization, and that the process of data curation and target selection is less sensitive to lack of toxicological information. We anticipate that this innovative integration of methods could decipher the chemical-protein interactions from new chemicals including the new alternative chemicals designed for chemical replacement and that would discover new molecular initiating events to support more sustainable methodologies to gain time and resources in chemicals assessment. SYNOPSIS Our combined methodologies can determine the most suitable target to develop adverse outcome pathways from the proteome-wide protein target identification.


This article explores the rich seam of female prophetic writing in Romantic-era England by comparing and contrasting two of the most significant millenarian prophetesses of the period: Dorothy Gott and Joanna Southcott. The literary significance of these figures has remained underexplored, in spite of the two women's striking use of life writing in their millenarian texts, which included spiritual autobiography; the typological interpretation of personal incidents; the inclusion of autobiographical verse amidst expository prose to convey the sense of God's divine voice speaking through the untaught woman; and the appendage of personal letters contemporaneous with the timeline of chronicled events in order to provide evidence for the prophetess's authenticity. In this study, we uncover the women's respective autobiographical hermeneutics and assess their literary significance, particularly in developing a range of textual practices that sought to counter their disadvantaged class and gender positions as la...


This paper focuses on variable selection for varying coefficient EV models when model error is a time series.We use B- spline basis and the SCAD penalty function to select.With appropriate tuning parameters,the proposed method can select significant variables and estimate the nonzero smooth coefficient functions simultaneously.We establish the consistency of the variable selection procedure,further the optimal convergence rate of the regularized estimator can be derived.


Objective
To evaluate the in vitro effects of photodynamic therapy alone or in combination with antifungal agents on the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of Exophiala dermatitidis (E. dermatitidis) .

Methods
The planktonic suspensions of E. dermatitidis were prepared, and the biofilms of E. dermatitidis were prepared via a modified 96-well plate-based methods. Planktonic and biofilm cells of E. dermatitidis were separately divided into several groups: antifungal agent groups treated with antifungal agents alone, photodynamic therapy group receiving photodynamic therapy alone, combination groups receiving photodynamic therapy followed by the treatment with antifungal agents, and blank control group receiving no treatment. These antifungal agents included amphotericin B, posaconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole. The concentrations of these antifungal agents were all 1 mg/L, and the treatment with antifungal agents lasted 2 hours. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of E. dermatitidis in all the groups.

Results
The antifungal agents and photodynamic therapy both affected the apoptosis of planktonic (both P 0.05) . The photodynamic therapy group also showed a significantly higher apoptosis rate of E. dermatitidis planktonic cells (41.37% ± 7.80%) compared with the control group (P < 0.05) . After the treatment with photodynamic therapy combined with amphotericin B, posaconazole, voriconazole or itraconazole, the apoptosis rates of E. dermatitidis planktonic cells were 29.23% ± 6.71%, 37.23% ± 10.86%, 43.57% ± 6.42% and 69.87% ± 3.53% respectively. Moreover, the photodynamic therapy+ voriconazole group and photodynamic therapy+ itraconazole group both showed significantly higher apoptosis rates compared with the voriconazole group and itraconazole group respectively (both P < 0.05) . The apoptosis rate of E. dermatitidis biofilm cells was significantly higher in the photodynamic therapy group than in the control group (32.00% ± 0.43% vs. 25.30% ± 1.31%, P < 0.05) , as well as in the photodynamic therapy + amphotericin B than in the amphotericin B group (P < 0.05) .

Conclusion
Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal agents can markedly promote the apoptosis of planktonic and biofilm cells of E. dermatitidis.

Key words:
Phialophora; Apoptosis; Photochemotherapy; Antifungal agents; Biofilms; Exophiala dermatitidis


Error control in high speed communication networks is usually applied either as a link-by-link scheme or an end-to-end scheme. The performance of such schemes is analyzed in this paper. The impact of errors due to transmission errors as well as dropped packets due to buffer overflow is incorporated in the models.