— Tourism was bounced from one ministry to another without being given due importance in the national economy. Fortunately, the current government has reinstated the ministry, taking appropriate measures for the good of the tourism, helping budgetary Romanians to spend their holidays within their country by holiday vouchers. The Romanian ecotourism destinations, no matter of the season, remain Romanians favorites, given the modest prices the owners of these pensions charge. In present, sustainable Romanian destinations are increasingly affected by the new strategic challenges posed by innovative technologies and often related to tourist consumer behavior and environmental pressures. In order to address these challenges, destinations first have to analyze the global trends and then respond proactively (Soteriades et al., 2007), strongly emphasizing that innovation is extremely important, even indispensable to evolution.


The paper discussed the technology to access the external database,studied the key technology for communication betw een applications,database and NX softw are by tool of NX / OPEN.Given an example to realize the design of universal parts of modular machine tool based on external database and dynamic link library w hich improve the efficiency of product development and facilitate the management of the design parameters and information data.


Navezuelas is a good example of the rural area from Inner Spain that is experiencing serious problems of depopulation (862 inhabitants in 1990 vs. 637 inhabitants in 2019) although its land surface covered by fruit trees has increased twofold since the year 2000 (from 475 ha to 886 ha). So, the authors have analyzed data from Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Official Agrarian Censuses and interviewed key agents to understand what is behind this "illogical" cause-effect relationship. The results have shown a reduction in the number of farms below 20 ha in size. Also, the number of farmers has been drastically reduced, particularly in the intervals under 34 years old and between 35 and 54. Finally, the amount of hectares utilized for agriculture has increased both by property as land tenure and by share-cropping. Some of the possible reasons for these figures given by the experts have been the mechanization within the farms and a good tendency in the price of chestnuts since it is the main fruit collected in the municipality.


Photochromic (PC) luminescent ferroelectric materials have aroused great interest because of their potential applications in non-contact smart information storage materials and devices. In this study, we adopted the effect of rare-earth ions to refine the grains, combined with the unequal replacement of donor doping and higher temperature sintering methods to introduce more vacancy defects, to simultaneously improve the transmittance and photochromic contrast of KNNLB-RE ceramics. The optical transmittance of a typical KNNLB-RE > 50%, and the modulation contrast of KNNLB-RE is relatively significant, such as ΔAbs = 16.2% and ΔR = ∼34% for KNNLB-Er. More interestingly, the Tc of KNNLB-RE increased by about 10%–18% (∼30 °C–50 °C) due to the degradation of the relaxor-feature and the increase of internal stress, which broadens the temperature application range of KNNLB-RE ferroelectric ceramics. In contrast to most opaque inorganic photochromic materials, the KNNLB-RE transparent ceramics can express multiple pairs of "off" and "on" codes by using the reversibly decreased and increased transmittance and PL intensity; thus, these materials have potential in the applications of optical sensors and memories or other optical data storage devices.


Prologue Chapter 1: Positives and Negatives Chapter 2: Dreams Chapter 3: Simple Principles Chapter 4: Refining and Enriching Your Soul Chapter 5: Life As a Service to Others Chapter 6: Harmony with the Universe


The development of a new kind of self-powered vibration sensor (SPVS) with cantilever structure made with polymeric piezoelectric material for low frequency vibrations detection is demonstrated. Methylammonium lead bromide (MAPB) particles incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite film exhibiting significant yield of piezoelectric β-phase and outstanding flexibility that resulting superior mechanical energy harvesting behaviour. The composite films also possess relatively increased dielectric constant than PVDF film. The resonance frequency and amplitude of damping vibrations have been determined utilizing the output voltage of the SPVS without any power source. Thus, SPVS might be useful in detecting low frequency vibrations in self-powered mode.


Any persistent nonhealing ulcer, particularly when associated with a callus, should alert the clinician to neurotrophism as the cause. Opinion is divided to some degree on the bone and joint changes seen by radiography in patients with neurotrophic lesions of the feet. Roentgenographic changes of a degenerative character in any foot with proved peripheral sensory impairment are indicative of neurotrophic arthropathy. The association of bony proliferation that is meaningless or excessive should further alert the clinician. Periosteal thickening, if affecting a site remote from an ulcer, may be significant. Therapeutic measures include simple curettage, removal of the metatarsal head, toe amputation, and major amputation.


Summary The results of these studies indicate that: The feeding of molasses grass silage to milking cows has the advantage over either beet pulp or corn silage in that it produces milk which: (a) Has a superior initial flavor. (b) Has a more stable flavor in storage. (c) Is more stable toward the catalytic effects of added soluble copper. The feeding of grass silage prevents the development of oxidized flavor in milk when it is not contaminated with soluble metal and greatly retards the development and lessens the intensity of the flavor when soluble copper is added. Accelerating the oxidation reaction by adding soluble copper to milk seems to be a satisfactory means of demonstrating, more or less quantitatively, the relative stability of flavor of different milks. The feeding of molasses grass silage seems to retard the development of hydrolytic rancidity in milk. The results presented in this article are not as conclusive as those on oxidation and the subject needs further study. There is a significant positive correlation between the yellow color and the flavor of freshly drawn milk from individual cows. A very significant negative correlation exists between the yellow color of the fresh milk and the loss of flavor in this milk during storage. Milks of extra good flavor when fresh retain their good flavor in storage better than corresponding milks of poorer flavor quality. The stabilizing effect on flavor of grass silage seems to be due, in part at least, to the comparatively high carotene content of this type of feed. The feeding of properly ensiled green grass crops appears to be a highly satisfactory method of producing a milk of high flavor stability during winter months in northern climes.


This paper discusses the move within UK social science funding to use non-academic 'impact' as a measure of quality and success for social research. It suggests that behind this move are a set of unspoken assumptions about what constitutes 'good' and 'bad' impact, and the paper seeks to problematize these. By way of provocation, it presents three classic cases of anthropological research, in which the impact of anthropologists on the societies in which they worked was at worst reprehensible, and at best controversial. These controversies – Darkness in El Dorado, the Human Terrain System and Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood – are used to demonstrate the difficulty with which we can assess impacts as 'good' or 'bad', and the problems with attempting to do so.


Category: Diabetes; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Management of complex foot and ankle deformities secondary to charcot neuroathropathy represents a significant challenge. This is a consequence of medical co-morbidities, vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and immune compromise with the surgical challenges of progressive bony defomity and bone resorption. To combat these challenges 'superconstructs' have been developed to improve fixation. These aim for fusion beyond the zone of injury with adequate deformity correction all whilst maintaining viability of the soft tissue envelope and mechanical function. This can be achieved with internal fixation using indication specific plates and beaming techniques, external fixation with a circular frame or a combination of the two. The aim of this study was to evaluate of a tertiary referral hospital in the operative management of charcot neuroarthopathy. Methods: This is a retrospective two surgeon case series with all cases jointly operated upon. Cases were identified from a locally held diabetic patient registry as those undergoing charcot foot and ankle reconstruction from 2017 to 2019. No exclusion criteria were outlined. Patient demographics and co-morbidities were collected, pre-op radiological markers (meary's angle) measured and repeated at 6 weeks and one year. Pre-op radiographs were classifed accroding to brodsky classification. Patient outcomes were recorded of amputation, mortality, ulcer recurrence, reported pain, stable heel, ability to ambulate, need for revision surgery, need for prolonged antibiotics, fusion and surgical complications. PROMS were requested and still awaited at time of submission. Results: Eleven Cases were identified from ten patients, all were included for analysis. Three patients had internal fixation, two had external fixation and six had combined internal with external fixation. Eight patients were Brodsky 1, two patients were Brodsky 3 and one patient was Brodsky 2. Limb salvage was 100% with nil amputations, mortality 0%, ulcer recurrence 0%, 100% improved pain score, and 100% with a stable heel. Meary's angle improved by a mean of 14o from -16o to -2o at 1 year. Fusion rate determined clinically and radiologically with X-ray was 100% with mean of 129 days and range of (360 - 52). Mean follow-up 454 days and range (547-417). Complications of 2 tibial fractures and 1 deep infection with delayed wound healing. Conclusion: The outcomes of using all three methods is positive with 100% limb salvage, 100% fusion rate, 100% ulcer free and maintenace of Meary's angle at 1 year post op. We believe that combined internal and external fixation, not widely reported in the literature, is a good option in these cases. The complications reported here were in the first three patients undergoing said technique and represent a learning curve.


In the European projects EuroPIC and PARADIGM development of an InP based generic photonic integration technology is being undertaken to implement complex InP based application-specific photonic integrated circuits (ASPIC) with transmit and receive functionalities from a set of basic building blocks. The integration platform pursued at Fraunhofer HHI is building on semi-insulating substrate. Recently a variety of receiver-type PIC with up to 40 GHz bandwidth capability designed by external users was fabricated in multi-project wafer runs. Examples are demonstrated. Extension of this platform to include transmit functionalities is underway using an MOVPE based butt-coupling approach.


Scambaiting is a form of vigilantism that targets internet scammers who try to trick people into advance fee payments. In the past, victims were mainly contacted by bulk emails; now the widespread use of social networking services has made it easier for scammers to contact potential victims – those who seek various online opportunities in the form of sales and rentals, dating, booking holidays, or seeking for jobs. Scambaiters are online information communities specializing in identifying, documenting, and reporting activities of scammers. By following scambaiting forums, it was possible to categorize different scambaiting subgroups with various strategies and tools. These were tested in hands-on sessions during creative workshops in order to gain a wider understanding of the scope of existing internet scams as well as exploring counter strategies to prevent internet crime. The aim of the workshops was to recognize and develop diverse forms of anti-scam activism.


Tomato is well known regarding its quality and nutritional value in all over the world but imbalances of fertilizer nutrients severely affect the quality of tomato. To inves- tigate the specific contribution of potassium to yield and quality of tomato, a field ex- periment was conducted on two tomato cultivars, Nagina and Roma. Foliar application with varying levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0%) of potassium solu- tions was applied to the plants and compared with control (without K). Exogenous appli- cation of 0.6% K significantly improved plant height, lycopene content, potassium, fruit weight and diameter. Exogenous application of 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7% K maximally improved ascorbic acid contents of both tomato cultivars whereas 0.4 and 0.8% did not improve ascorbic acid contents. Due to positive correlation between K nutrition and fruit quality attributes, exogenous application of an appropriate K level can contribute to higher yield and better quality of tomato fruits. Among all potassium levels, 0.5-0.7% K maximally improved performance of tomato plants of both cultivars.


Without reasonable doubt Mr. X. suffers from a chronic obstructive bronchitis and Mr. Y. from pulmonary emphysema. With relation to the new occupational disease no. 4111 the safe diagnosis of chronic obstructive bronchitis and of pulmonary emphysema is very difficult. The various aspects are described here.


The present invention relates to a MOS device and a manufacturing method. The device includes a semiconductor substrate; forming a channel in a semiconductor substrate; a gate stack formed over the channel and spacers around the gate stack; and a spacer formed in the substrate on both sides of the source / drain electrode; wherein the gate stack insulating layer and which is composed of a metal gate on a multilayer, the multilayer gate metal layer into a metal channel strain to the stress made, means for adjusting the work function of the metal gate work function adjustment layer is formed, the work function adjustment layer from the bottom and the side surface of the metal layer surrounding the strained. The multilayer structure overcome the conventional metal gate metal gate material strain can not satisfy a work function adjustment and optimization of the effect of the strain applied to the defect.


The aim of the paper is to analyse the relationship between government expenditure volatility and long-run growth. Using cross-country panel data from 1970 to 2000, the paper finds that countries with higher government expenditure business-cycle volatility have lower growth, even after controlling for other country-specific growth correlates such as investment, government expenditure, human capital, population growth and output volatility. This relation is robust to different measures of business cycles. Moreover, considering different subsamples, the paper finds that while government volatility significantly affects long-run growth for developing countries, it has a small effect for OECD countries.


The opto-mechanical properties of silicon together with its fabrication flexibility make it an excellent candidate for many integrated photonic applications. The recent trend in miniaturizing optical components, while maintaining stringent demands for their performance opens a way for various coupling mechanisms to be used for sensing and switching. However, as the system grows in complexity, the number of possible coupling channels increases. Being able to resolve the specific coupling mechanisms becomes a delicate and challenging task. At the same time, the overall performance of the device is often decided by the collective performance of all of these channels rather than by each of them separately. Because of that, it becomes essential to account for all of these mechanisms, while modelling the system. As an example of such a system, a mechanical displacement sensor is presented, whose principle is based on simultaneous evanescent coupling mechnisms between the TE- and TM-like modes. By using the FEM approach, the coupling mechanisms between the waveguides (and modes) are analyzed separately through 2-dimensional simulation and later combined and investigated globally in a series of 3-dimensional simulations.


In recent years, with the continuous updating of power electronic devices, mathematical signal processors and high-quality rare earth permanent magnet materials, permanent magnet AC servo systems have been widely used. And modern permanent magnet synchronous motors mostly use closed-loop vector control drive systems, which need to detect the rotor position and phase winding current value in real time. However, the excess number of sensors increases the cost of the drive system and is not conducive to improving the reliability of the system. In this paper, the improved current reconstruction technology and SMO-based position sensorless control technology are combined to realize the vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor by using single current. Current reconstruction is achieved by measuring only the voltage source inverter DC link current.


The gravitationally induced self-interaction force is calculated at a large distance from a Schwarzschild black hole. If, instead of the electromagnetic field, the particle is coupled to a vector-meson field of vanishingly small, but nonzero, mass, then it is shown that the self-force has the same magnitude but opposite direction. A sharp difference between massive and massless vector fields is a result of different boundary conditions at the horizon surface.


This research proposes a mobile and cloud-based framework for the automatic detection of diabetic foot ulcers and conducts an investigation of its performance. The system uses a cross-platform mobile framework that enables the deployment of mobile apps to multiple platforms using a single TypeScript code base. A deep convolutional neural network was deployed to a cloud-based platform where the mobile app could send photographs of patient's feet for inference to detect the presence of diabetic foot ulcers. The functionality and usability of the system were tested in two clinical settings: Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The benefits of the system, such as the potential use of the app by patients to identify and monitor their condition, are discussed.


We consider the stochastic propagation of high-energy protons and nuclei in the cosmological microwave and infrared backgrounds, using revised photonuclear cross-sections and following primary and secondary nuclei in the full 2D nuclear chart. We confirm earlier results showing that the high-energy data can be fit with a pure proton extragalactic cosmic ray (EGCR) component if the source spectrum is $\propto E^{-2.6}$. In this case the ankle in the cosmic ray (CR) spectrum may be interpreted as a pair-production dip associated with the propagation. We show that when heavier nuclei are included in the source with a composition similar to that of Galactic cosmic-rays (GCRs), the pair-production dip is not present unless the proton fraction is higher than 85%. In the mixed composition case, the ankle recovers the past interpretation as the transition from GCRs to EGCRs and the highest energy data can be explained by a harder source spectrum $\propto E^{-2.2}$-- $E^{-2.3}$, reminiscent of relativistic shock acceleration predictions, and in good agreement with the GCR data at low-energy and holistic scenarios. While the expected cosmogenic neutrino fluxes at high energy are very similar for pure proton and mixed composition hypothesis, the two scenarii predict very different elongation rates from $10^{17.5}$ to $10^{20}$ eV.


Assisting transgender individuals is a concern for career development practitioners because there is a lack of knowledge on this topic. The complexity of gender reassignment surgery brings challenges and unique needs to this population, throughout gender transition, and requires career development practitioners to understand these challenges and needs to provide appropriate services to transgender individuals. The author conducted a comprehensive review of the literature in the areas of transgender issues in career development and counseling, counseling transgender individuals, gender transition, and multicultural counseling competencies. The role of career development practitioners as advocates for transgender individuals who experience gender transition is discussed.


In a completely randomized design, sixteen (16) West African Dwarf (WAD) rams aged between 10-15 months with an average pre-trial body weight of 14.5 kg were used to study the influence of a compounded concentrate diet (Diet 1), malted sorghum sprout (MSP) (Diet 2), shrimp waste meal (SWM) (Diet 3) and Tephrosia bracteolata hay (Diet 4) as supplement to soybean stover (SBS) + Panicum maximum hay for 13 weeks. The total DM intake was highest (P<0.05) for rams on Tephrosia bracteolata hay (153.89gd-1W0.75) and lowest for those on SWM (137.51gd-1W0.75). the highest (P<0.05) weight gain was recorded for sheep on Tephrosia (41.97gd-1) and lowest for SWM (13.73gd-1). The nitrogen retention of all the rams ranged between 68.53 and 70.65%. The DM digestibility ranged from 0.639 in SWM to 0.692 in concentrate diet. Organic matter digestibility ranged from 0.650 for SWM to 0.695 in concentrate while CP digestibility was 0.654 for SWM and 0.687 in Tephrosia. NDF digestibility varied between 0.563 in SWM and 0.6545 in MSP. Total serum protein (9.0g/dL), blood urea nitrogen(17.85mmol/L), cholesterol (158mg/dl) and plasma glucose (0.53 mmol/L) were significantly (P<0.05) increased in rams fed the concentrate (5.4g/dL, 11.06mmol/l, 15.6mg/dL, 0.38mmol/L), MSP (5.3g/dL, 10.7mmol/L, 152mg/dL, 0.3mmol/L) and Tephrosia (5.0g/dl, 9.63mmol/L, 143mg/dl, 0.3mm0l/L) in that order. It was concluded that these unconventional supplements could be fed with soybeans stover to improve feed intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization leading to a better weight gain with sheep.


Some Recollections [1961] Emma Hardy, Diaries [1985] Emma Hardy, Real Conversations [1904] William Archer, Talks with Thomas Hardy at Max Gate 1920-1922 [1928] Vere H. Collins, Thomas Hardy's Wessex [1913] Hermann Lea, Folkways in Thomas Hardy [1931] Ruth Firor, Dorsetshire Folklore [1922] J.S. Udal, Providence and Mr Hardy [1966] Lois Deacon and Terry Coleman, Thomas Hardy: A Study of his Writings and their Background [1938] William Rutland, A Thomas Hardy Dictionary [1911] F. Outwin Saxelby, Music in Thomas Hardy's Life and Work [1940] Elna Sherman, Thomas Hardy as Musician [1940] Eva Mary Grew, Florence Hardy and the Max Gate Circle [1980] Margeurite Roberts, The Hoffman Papers [1981] Michael Rabiger, The Youth of Thomas Hardy [1984] John Doheny, Thomas Hardy's Relatives and their Times [1989] John Doheny, A Call on Thomas Hardy's Sister [1970] D.J. Winslow, Hardy's Residences and Lodgings [1992] Fran Chalfont


Intravaginal release of contraceptive steroid by avoiding the first-pass effect may provide a suitable route of administration, thus leading to higher bioavailabilities. RU486 is significantly metabolizlcd by the first-pass metabolism. We have studied its pharmacokinetics


On the basis of experimental data differential mathematical model characterizing the dependence of the inductance values of the width of the strip line segment is based. Using regularizing spline allows to smooth the results of experiments. Numerical calculation of the derivative allows us to compare the expected results with those obtained experimentally.


Abstract Structural measurements of neutron and ion damage annealing in Si and Ge are compared and interpreted in terms of the annealing of identified defects. Either or both of two prominent isochronal annealing stages above room temperature in neutron irradiated Si are exhibited by X-ray, electron microscope, infrared, and electrical measurements. It is shown that the same two annealing stages are observed in Rutherford scattering measurements of ion implanted Si. Two similar prominent annealing stages are also observed for structural measurements of neutron and ion irradiated Ge. For both Ge and Si the center temperatures for the two annealing stages are approximately 0.35 and 0.5 times the melting temperature. The annealing kinetics and activation energies for the lower temperature stage in Si are correlated with the kinetics and activation energies obtained by analyzing previously reported results on the effects of the substrate temperature and the ion irradiation rate. From a comparison of the time ...


Motivation - Link Analysis (LA) is a method to study relationships of elements within a system, and it is also used as a data recording method of Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM), e.g. capturing staff movements. However LA has limitations, such as time-consuming data recording and results generating processes. Research approach - Computerised Link Analysis (CLA) system is being developed and tested by computerising template generating, real-time event recording and data analysing processes. Design - The first version of system has been accomplished and its description is included to demonstrate its versatility. Research limitations - This system is still at an early prototype stage and improvements and tests need to be conducted. Value - CLA is the first system which is designed specially for healthcare domain and has proven to save plenty of time compared to manual method. Take away message - CLA system is able to offer analysts an efficient and effective tool to perform LA.


Abstract This is the presidential address of David N. Elkins, who served as president of Division 32 in 1998–1999. Current mechanistic models of psychotherapy are criticized as failing to honor the complexities of human growth and the therapeutic process. The article presents an alternative vision of psychotherapy, grounded in an artistic perspective, that focuses on the deeper, more complex processes of clients' growth and becoming. Four major pillars of this alternative vision are discussed: (a) the "more," (b) the phenomenological experience of the emergence of the new, (c) the duende, and (d) destiny.


Electrostatic precipitators of one 2×362MW units were imported from GEC UK and its ash handling system was designed to use air skewed slots.In recent years,along with increase of ash content in coal-fired and ash demand in market,handling capacity of ash handling system was gradually insufficient.The ash handling system was modified by using doubled-pipe pneumatic ash handing technology.After 3 year operation,doubled-pipe pneumatic ash handing technology was prior to other ash handling systems in that it had the advantages of no-obstruct pipe,high concentration,low flow velocity,less abrasion,and better ash adaptability,etc.


Knowledge of growth and mortality is essential for a meaningful assessment of the
exploited stock. The parameters of growth and mortality are components of majority of the
yield models used to explain the dynamics of the exploited stocks and the effect of fishing
on them.


, Cambridge University Press.This work was funded in part by a grant to the author from the United States National Institute ofMental Health (MH48680 and MH57669). I am grateful to the following individuals for theircomments on this chapter: Kari Applegate, Trevor Burnsed, Jacqueline Fogel, J'lene George, Ilsede Koeijer, Tom Malloy, Andrea Pantoja, Cory Secrist, and Dankert Vedeler.


The unique physical and chemical characteristics of rare earth elements make them attractive for use in a number of existing and innovative production lines. The use of complex concentrates of various deposits to obtain new materials is a promising area of modern materials science. The article presents the results of studies of electroarc metallization coatings of flux-cored wires with modifying additives. As additives, a complex concentrate of rare-earth metals from the deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and other modifying powders were used to obtain hardening phases. To determine the optimal composition of the modifying additives, various compositions of cored wires were made. An analysis of the structure of coatings showed a uniform distribution of the main elements of the cored wire, as well as a local distribution of unmelted particles of the modifying additives. The levels of open porosity and microhardness of the phase components of the coatings are determined. The prospects of using complex concentrate with rare-earth elements from deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as modifying additives for coatings with enhanced performance properties is shown.


Diversity-manipulation experiments suggest a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem properties (EPs), but variable relationships between species richness and EPs have been reported in natural communities. An explanation for this discrepancy is that observed richness–EPs relationships in natural communities change with environment and species functional identities. But how the relationships change along broad-scale climatic gradients has rarely been examined. In this paper, we sampled 848 plots of 20 × 30 m2 from boreal to tropical forests across China. We examined plot biomass with respect to environmental factors, tree species richness and functional group identity (FGI, i.e. evergreen vs deciduous, and coniferous vs broadleaf). Variation partitioning was used to evaluate the relative effects of the three classes of factors. We found that, most of the 'effects' (percentage of variation explained) of richness and FGI on forest biomass were shared with environmental factors, but species richness and FGI still revealed significant effects in addition to environment for plots across China. Richness and FGI explained biomass mainly through their shared effects instead of independent effects, suggesting that the positive biodiversity effect is closely associated with a sampling effect. The relative effects of richness, FGI and environment varied latitudinally: the independent effects of environment and richness decreased from boreal to subtropical forests, whereas the total effect of FGI increased. We also found that the slope of richness–biomass relationship decreased monotonically from boreal to subtropical forests, possibly because of decreasing complementarity and increasing competition with increasing productivity. Our results suggest that while species richness does have significant effects on forest biomass it is less important than environmental gradients and other biotic factors in shaping large-scale biomass patterns. We suggest that understanding how and why the diversity–EPs relationships change along climatic gradient would be helpful for a better understanding of real biodiversity effects in natural communities.


As an increasingly conservative wave of Islam engulfs the globe, literalist Salafi interpretations of the faith have become prevalent in Malaysia. Over the past year, there has been increasing recognition of women's roles as recruiters, financiers and influencers for radical Islamic groups. More women have been arrested for their support for and involvement in the Islamic State (IS), but much of the focus has been on their desire to marry a jihadi soldier or channel funds to the cause. In Malaysia, these women (including returnees from IS) are seen to be followers, not decision-makers or active agents in extremist action. While it is assumed that Malaysian Malay women endure the restrictions of cultural and Islamic patriarchy, they do have agency in the home, and exercise this power and centrality within the private sphere by wielding religion as a tool to exert influence over their spouse and children. This paper seeks to demonstrate that more attention needs to be paid to mothers as potential nurturers of extremist interpretations of Islam and that there is a possibility that they could be vectors of radicalisation (whether violent or otherwise) given their unrivalled influence in the home. This ethnographic study of women in both rural and urban Malaysia reveals that women may be susceptible to the process of radicalisation through religious social gatherings, and should extremist views be


view across street of building surrounded by trees and a white fence.stamped on verso: the herodotus studio / c.g. greenham / photographer / hawthorn. title inscribed in image.


Reports on the quality initiative undertaken by Safeway, the largest supermarket chain operating in Victoria, Australia and part of the Woolworth's group. Illustrates the impact that a "converted" chief executive can have on an organization, and how the organization has been changed through his tremendous energy and conviction. Also illustrates how service organizations typically perceive quality management, especially in an environment highly oriented towards people and customer service. Safeway readily acknowledges that there is still much that can be done within their organization to adopt quality management practices, but they are eager to share their experiences with others. Indeed, it is one of the few service organizations which have made significant progress in this area.


ABSTRACT As social work education expands instruction through the rise of distance education, educators seek new ways to improve quality in online courses. Quality assurance standards and student feedback offer valuable insights to ensure satisfying and effective online learning experiences. An examination of these two assessment approaches concurrently in the context of a 4-year study of student perspectives in MSW Human Behavior and the Social Environment foundation courses illustrates how systematic feedback from students can complement existing quality assurance standards. Of particular importance is the unmistakable strength of student voices about their learning from diverse perspectives in an online collaborative leaning setting that can and should be incorporated into standardized quality assessment guidelines for social work programs.


Through six centuries of commercial activity, cultural identification, wartime pillage, and scholarly scrutiny, the Sanguo zhi pinghua 三國志平話 (Plain Tale on The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms), a work of popular historical fiction, survived to be reprinted for scholarly study around 1930. But this title and others from an original 1320s series continue to exist only because of a shared dedication to the study of books and through the collaboration of generations of Chinese, Japanese, and probably Korean merchants, teachers, editors, scholars, and bibliographers. This essay traces the tortuous path followed by this thin book through time, wars, and personal passions to reveal the generosity of scholars in making this title and its historical significance known today. As with cultural matters at other times and places, this path was regularly overshadowed by political and commercial interests.


1550-7998=20 The study of light pseudoscalar quark-antiquark bound states in the Dyson-Schwinger approach with the effective QCD coupling enhanced by the interplay of the dimension 2 gluon condensate hA2i and dimension 4 gluon condensate hF2i, is extended to the – 0 complex. We include the effects of the gluon axial anomaly into the Dyson-Schwinger approach to mesons. The calculated masses, mixing and twophoton decay widths of and 0 mesons are in agreement with experiment. Also, in a model-independent way, we give the modification of the Gell-Mann–Okubo and Schwinger nonet relations due to the interplay of the gluon anomaly and SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking.


In this study, we investigated the response of five infaunal bivalve species to changes in their life positions (life orientations) by tilting the aquariums in which they were placed. The results show that the bivalves returned their orientations to normal when they were inclined ventrally or dorsally, but not when they were inclined to the left or right side. The conditions were not changed in any other respect except for tilting the aquarium. The only difference in conditions of all the aquaria was the degree of inclination. That the animals readjusted to their normal position in such circumstances indicates that they control their orientation, presumably in response to gravity. The different responses to dorsal-ventral right-left tilting may be due to their style of movement which is in turn related to their shell, musculature and external body form. This and previous studies indicate that antero-posterior life orientations of bivalves have functional or ecological significance. It is proposed that bivalve antero-posterior orientation can be interpreted to be intermediate between the burrowing orientation and the orientation with the siphons extended upright most efficiently.


The densification behavior of ZnO and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} containing coarse, rigid ZrO{sub 2} particles was examined with special emphasis on the microstructure development during initial and intermediate stages of sintering. The densification during these stages was enhanced by the formation and growth of dense regions in the pure matrices. ZrO{sub 2} particles reduced the densification rate by two mechanisms; suppression of formation and growth of dense regions, and formation of large pores. Large pores formed around ZrO{sub 2} particles in ZnO, whereas in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} they formed apart from the inclusion particles. The difference in location of large pores has been explained by the ZrO{sub 2}/matrix interfacial behavior. The large pores in the ZnO matrix gave an stronger effect on the densification rate than those in the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} matrix.


The subject of the present invention is a complex comprising: a support provided with at least two faces one of which is provided with a coating of an adhesive, at least one ligand, said ligand being immobilized on the adhesive surface. The ligand implemented within the framework of the present invention is chosen from among proteins, peptides, antibodies, nucleic acids, sugars or oligosaccharides, toxins, pesticides, hormones, herbicides, fungicides, and neurotransmitters.


Chromium is a heavy metal toxic for plants that due extensive industrial applications over the last decade, has become a serious environmental pollution. On the other hand, chelator dissolution and absorption of metal by the plant increase and their use in phytoremediation is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of chromium and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) chelator on sunflower (Heliantus annuus L.) through the study of growth parameters, chlorophyll, and soluble sugar amounts and Cr accumulation in plants under hydroponic culture. In order to plant sunflower were treated with different concentrations of Cr (1, 2, 4 and 6 ppm) and EDTA (0, 1 and 3 mg/L) in the medium Hoagland. The results showed that the use of chromium reduced the length of shoots and roots, and chlorophyll, while it increased soluble sugars. Addition of EDTA to the metal increased the shoot and root length and chlorophyll content while it reduced soluble sugars. According to the results, the use of chromium heavy metal in medium increased the amount of it in shoot and root. EDTA application, particularly with higher levels of chromium led to its accumulation in shoot and root. This research suggested positive role of application of EDTA in the presence of chromium heavy metal in increasing the power of phytoremediation of sunflower.


Abstract Spark-ignition of propane/air mixtures in a constant volume combustion bomb at 200 kPa pressure has been studied within an explored time window covering four decades (0.2μs−2.0m) Shadowgraphy and Rayleigh imaged (l-D) laser light scattering have been applied simultaneously, in order to obtain 2-D qualitative and 1-D quantitative descriptions of the fluid dynamic and chemical processes, developing after the spark It is shown that energy delivered lo the gas within the first tens of nanoseconds gives rise to i) a fast expansion of the spark channel, ii) the development of a shock wave and iii) the build-up of a peculiar flow field, spreading out over a quite large volume, within the first millisecond An interpretation scheme is provided, which highlights quantitatively the relations among three phases. and based upon the consideration of the dynamics and the morphology of the shock wave Analysis of the toroidal shapes of the ignited flames allowed us to identify two, temporally distinct, growth mec...


In 1832, when William T. Boutwell of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions first visited the Pillager Chippewa, the northwest frontier of the United States had not yet advanced to northwestern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota. The Chippewa, distributed in thirty-odd villages in the region south and west of Lake Superior, varying from a few families to several hundred souls, were still engaged in the fur trade, fishing, hunting, wild rice collection, and maple sugar production. Among the non-Indians in their range were fur traders, Indian agents, and a sprinkling of Presbyterian missionaries who had just arrived in the region. There were also a number of timber men who bince the 1820's had been getting concessions from the Indians and the government to cut pine in very limited areas to satisfy a demand for lumber in the pioneer settlements to the south.


A crown diagram of a smooth, closed oriented 4-manifold can be thought of as the projection of a link in the product of a closed surface and the circle, with chords in the circle direction connecting the strands of each crossing. This paper uses a straightforward assignment of integers to these chords to show that the smooth structures on the topological 4-manifold underlying a pair of Fintushel-Stern knot surgery 4-manifolds which are known to have the same Seiberg-Witten invariant are not isotopic. A natural question is to determine if the argument may be strengthened to show these manifolds are not diffeomorphic.


The effect of ultraviolet photoirradiation on the azo-bent-core liquid crystal electronic structure and the optical properties was studied by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry observation and electronic structure calculation.The optical absorption spectrum showed that two optical absorption peaks appear at about 360 nm and 275 nm which originated from electronic transitions of azo-chromophores indicated by electronic calculation.The result showed that nitrogen double bonds in the azo-containing liquid crystal can be broken when it is exposed to 365 nm irradiation which caused the absorption,decreasing rapidly at360 nm and increasing accordingly at 275 nm,and which indicated the occurring of photo-dissociation.


The reflectance anisotropy has been calculated by microscopic tight-binding theory for various configurations of the As-rich GaAs(100) cs4 3 4d and s2 3 4d reconstructions, based on precise atomic coordinates from ab initio total-energy minimization. The comparison to experimental reflectance anisotropy in combination with scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction allows one to identify precise correlations between structural units and optical features. Clear indications are obtained for the intermediate steps in the surface reconstruction transformation. [S0031-9007(98)06681-2]


Seabuckthom (Hippophae rhamnoides) is probably a native of Europe and/or Asia, as it is known to grow wild as well as in cultivated forms in both continents. Its usefulness has been known since time immemorial, however, a renewed interest in this wonder plant is of recent past. Today, it is known for its food, medicinal and cosmetic properties all over the world. And therefore, the attention and interest generated amongst the scientists, pharmacists and farmers is fully justified.


Industrial policy (IP) in the 21st century has fundamentally changed in nature. (Mainly) gone is the achingly technical discussion of the motivations behind IP and whether it is a good idea or not. In its place is a recognition that IP is undertaken everywhere in the world, even if it is not openly called industrial policy. It is now widely accepted that IP is a response to market failure just as education policy or health policy are responses to such failures. This normalisation1 of IP has allowed economists to stop focusing on defending and justifying the pursuit of IP (especially in lagging economies). Instead they can now focus on extant, fine-grained, real world problems facing incumbent policymakers operating in difficult situations. Through this lens, problems with IP design and implementation are viewed – not as insurmountable – but merely the normal course of business which any sensible policy framework must address.


In any strategy to increase the attractiveness of public transportation, the underground network, like a high capacity infrastructure network, part of the pubic urban transportation network, plays a major role. The present research was stimulated by the upcoming development of the Bucharest underground network. The authors tried to emphasize the designed network's attractiveness in relation to the existing network. Comparatively, on a system/network level, essential network properties have been studied: ubiquity, connexity, connectivity, homogeneity/isotropy, vulnerability and different node rankings (generalized accessibility, Shimbel accessibility, and nodal accessibility). Original theoretical aspects could be revealed, primarily because the ubiquity, vulnerability and isotropy studies have been conducted. Study conclusions are useful in developing fundamental network solutions, increasing collaborative passenger service aspects, and establishing maintenance activity priorities.


【Objective】To investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine(Hcy),lipoprotein(a) ,C-reactive protein(CRP),fibrinogen(FIB) and cerebral artery stenosis.【Methods】A total of 70 patients with cerebral artery stenosis experienced magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) and 50 controls were enrolled.Plasma Hcy,LP(a),CRP and FIB levels were analyzed and conventional risk factors of cerebral stroke such as sex,age,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes and long-time smoking were evaluated in all subjects.【Results】Plasma concentrations of Hcy,LP(a),CRP and FIB were significantly higher in patients with cerebral artery stenosis than in contro1s.The more severe the artery stenosis was,the higher the Hcy,LP(a),CRP and FIB concentrations in blood.Based on logistic regression model,Hcy,LP(a) and FIB were closely correlated to cerebral artery stenosis.【Conclusion】High level of plasma Hcy,LP(a) and FIB are independent risk factors of cerebral artery stenosis.


The disposal of abandoned stope is a problem of technological difficulty in the mining field in China.A large abandoned-stope without disposal poses a potential danger of sudden large-scale roof fall.A regular safety assessment of an abandoned stope is among necessary measures to insure safe production in underground mines where the open-stopping method is adopted.This paper discusses the methods used in the safety assessment of abandoned stopes and their applications.They include 3-D simulation of a large-scale roof fall,the calculation and assessment of the pillar distribution,the design against air shock waves and the assessment.The 3-D simulation involves some modification of ANSYS.The plastic strain variations and tensile fractures are considered.The new pillar strength theory,the conception of stress release,and the statistical classification of rock falling are adopted in the method for assessing the pillar distribution.Air dynamics of underground mining and crack growth are taken into account in the design against air shock waves and the assessment.The results show it is technologically feasible to accurately,simply and efficiently evaluate the stability of abandoned stopes and related engineering environment with these methods.And the methods have been applied successfully to safety evaluation or safety acceptance evaluation in gold mines,phosphorite mines,iron mines,plumbum and zinc mines,coal mines,vanadium mines and strontium mines.


The Connected Facility Location (CFL) is a network design problem that arises from a combination of the Uncapacitated Facility Location (FL) and the Steiner Tree (ST) problems. The Online Connected Facility Location problem (OCFL) is an online version of the CFL. San Felice et al. (2014) presented a randomized algorithm for the OCFL and proved that it is O(log2 n)-competitive, where n is the number of clients. That algorithm combines the sample-and-augment framework of Gupta, Kumar, Pál, and Roughgarden with previous algorithms for the Online Facility Location (OFL) and the Online Steiner Tree (OST) problems. In this paper we use a more precise analysis to show that the same algorithm is O(log n)-competitive. Since there is a lower bound of (log n) for this problem, our result achieves the best possible competitive ratio, asymptotically. First author supported by Grant No. 2009/15535-1, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). Second author supported in part by NSF Grant CCF-1115256. Third author supported in part by Bolsa de Produtividade do CNPq Proc. 303947/2008-0 and Edital Universal CNPq 477692/2012-5. B Mário César San Felice firstname.lastname@example.com David P. Williamson firstname.lastname@example.com Orlando Lee email@example.com 1 Institute of Computing, Unicamp, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil 2 School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-3801, USA


with a thin straight 1 mm needle with a cutting edge, starting from the smaller fragment via a 2 mm stab incision. With the needle across the fracture with the tip and the eye projecting percutaneously on either side of the digit, the free ends of a prepared loop of stainless steel wire (30 gauge/0.25 mm) with the bone tie mounted, is passed into the eye of the needle. The tip of the needle is pulled out gently by a plier or using a drill with a low torque. Once the needle is completely withdrawn, the stainless steel wire is pulled through until the bone tie lies against the far cortex of the bone. The original entry hole used to introduce the needle is enlarged to accommodate the bone tie. A bone tie is passed through the free ends of the stainless steel wire until it abuts against the cortex. The free ends of the stainless steel wire are twisted on themselves and cut short, close to bone tie. The fracture alignment and positioning of the bone ties are confirmed with an image intensifier (Figure 1). We have used this technique to treat two intraarticular proximal phalangeal fractures of the thumb. In both cases the outcome has been satisfactory, with patient regaining full range of movements within 3 weeks of fixation. No complications were encountered and there has been no need for implant removal (Figure 2).


Developed market economies demonstrate a growing interest in issues concerning Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its effects, confirmed by the sizeable theoretical and empirical literature on this issue. A substantial research proves also the positive relation between CSR commitment and financial results of banks in mature markets. However, there is less evidence on CSR existence and its impact in other geographical areas, especially in the research concerning Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). In our study we analyze the interrelation between being socially responsible and tangible financial outcome (Corporate Financial Performance—CFP) of banks in the CEEC. The aim is also to empirically verify the relation between efficiency of corporate social-environmental performance (CSP) and the efficiency of CFP for CEEC banks. In our study, we analyze the financial and CSP data of the biggest public banks in CEEC. The researched period is 2012–2016. The empirical part analyzes the interrelation between CSP and CFP based on the panel regression. Moreover, in order to evaluate the CSP efficiency and the CFP efficiency we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The empirical results reveal that in case of banks in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region being socially responsible is not reflected in the bottom line. The financial condition of the banks also does not impact the CSR engagement. Our study confirms, however, that CEEC banks with better financial efficiency have higher efficiency of CSR activities. The conclusions may lead to the improved decision-making processes concerning CSR activities and their communication in banks in CEEC.


The question of the necessity of teaching of the native culture during the lessons of the English language in the context of multicultural approach is considered. The article proves the necessity of native and foreign cultures costudy, describes the ways of effective inclusion of the component of native culture in the lessons, considers realization of the basic methodical principles in the process of co-study of native and foreign cultures.


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health and a key One Health challenge linking humans, animals, and the environment. Livestock are a key target for moderation of antimicrobial use (AMU), which is a major driver of AMR in these species. While some studies have assessed AMU and AMR in individual production systems, the evidence regarding predictors of AMU and AMR in livestock is fragmented, with significant research gaps in identifying the predictors of AMU and AMR common across farming systems. This review summarizes existing knowledge to identify key practices and critical control points determining on-farm AMU/AMR determinants for pigs, layer and broiler hens, beef and dairy cattle, sheep, turkeys, and farmed salmon in Europe. The quality and quantity of evidence differed between livestock types, with sheep, beef cattle, laying hens, turkeys and salmon underrepresented. Interventions to mitigate both AMU and/or AMR highlighted in these studies included biosecurity and herd health plans. Organic production typically showed significantly lower AMU across species, but even in antibiotic-free systems, varying AMR levels were identified in livestock microflora. Although vaccination is frequently implemented as part of herd health plans, its effects on AMU/AMR remain unclear at farm level. Social and behavioral factors were identified as important influences on AMU. The study fills a conspicuous gap in the existing AMR and One Health literatures examining links between farm management practices and AMU and AMR in European livestock production.


Aself-stabilizingsystem is a distributed system which can tolerateany numberandany typeof faults in the history. After the last fault occurs the system converges to alegitimate behavior. The self-stabilization property is very useful for systems in which processors may malfunction for a while and then recover. When there is a long enough period during which no processor malfunctions the system stabilizes.Dynamicdistributed systems are systems in which communication links and processors may fail and recover during normal operation. Such failures could cause partitioning of the system communication graph. The application of self-stabilizing protocols to dynamic systems is natural. Following the last topology change each connected component of the system stabilizes independently. We present self-stabilizing dynamic protocols for a variety of tasks including: routing, leader election, and topology update. For systems that support local broadcasts to neighbors in a single time unit the protocol for each of those tasks stabilizes in ?(d) time, wheredis theactualdiameter of the system.


The purpose of course design is to serve learning content,so the concept of curriculum design must be based on students needs.The collaboration between the learners requires us to improve the interactivity of the course design.It is necessary to introduce micro courses into cloud platform,in this new trend of introducing mobile learning into remote education.


A system that remains dependable when facing changes (new threats, failures, updates) is called resilient. The fast evolution of systems, including embedded systems, implies modifications of applications and system configuration, in particular at software level. Such changes may have an impact on the dependability of the system. A system is resilient when such changes do not invalidate its dependability mechanisms, said in a different way, current dependability mechanisms remain appropriate despite changes. In this paper we introduce some measures to quantify the capability of a system to remain dependable despite changes, i.e. how resilient it is!


We propose a method to reconstruct a High-Definition Color-Pointed map from the large-scale urban road scene. In contrast to prior methods, we collect the urban road data under the severe traffic conditions and several kilometers long data sets. In our High-Definition Color-Pointed map, we can clearly see the lane surface and surrounding environment. Moreover, our maps are collected in a high speed of 40km/h, which greatly improved the practicality of the whole system. The High-Definition Color-Pointed map can be used in perception, localization and automatic navigation in driverless cars, drones and smart city management. Images, lidar and gnss best poses are collected as the raw data. We use interpolation method to process the raw data, and use our algorithm to translate the Lidar poses into the images collected time. To detect the dynamic obstacle, we use the fast neural framework YOLOv2. Our method, Dislocation Projection, can solve the spare points problems. Our algorithm was evaluated on wide roads and narrow streets. The experimental results exhibited the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The jelly around amphibian eggs presents a formidable barrier to oxygen diffusion. Therefore, egg capsules must be thin enough, and the dimensions of globular egg masses small enough, to avoid oxygen limitation leading to developmental retardation or death. The eggs of the Australian moss frog, Bryobatrachus nimbus, have the thickest jelly capsule known for any anuran amphibian. Laboratory measurements of respirometric variables predict that single prehatching embryos should be normoxic between 5° and 20°C, with Po2 in maintained above critical levels (10.2–17.0 kPa). However, numerical models of embryos amid larger egg masses (13–20 eggs) predict hypoxia at temperatures above 5°C. Contrary to model predictions, however, B. nimbus embryos rarely experience hypoxia in natural nests, because embryos occur in one or two layers and the moss substrate permits aeration of the lower surface while photosynthesis probably supplies oxygen directly. After hatching, larvae move to oxygen‐rich regions of the jelly mass and disperse more widely within the mass as temperatures increase. Although nest characteristics relieve diffusive constraints, small clutch sizes, low rates of embryonic and larval respiration, and the cool climate occupied by B. nimbus are the main characteristics that prevent hypoxia.


THE FIRST in a new breed of community practitioners will start working in Scotland in December as part of a pilot project being sponsored by the World Health Organization, Steven Black writes.


The Heck coupling of haloarenes with various alkenes was successfully performed in the presence of 0.5 mole % Pd(OAc)2 and 1.0 mole % d-glucosamine as an additive with K2CO3 as the optimal base in a mixture of H2O/iPrOH (φr = 2: 1) as the reaction solvent at 80°C after 6 h. d-Glucosamine was found to be an inexpensive, air-stable, easy to available, and efficient additive in palladium-catalyzed Heck reactions of aryl iodides (67–95 % conversion) and bromides (38–72 % conversion).


Fortune and Men's Eyes, a hard-hitting drama about prison life by John Herbert, is by all odds the most successful play to come out of Canada in recent years. Following a run off-Broadway in 1967, it has won a steadily growing audience in many parts of the world. It has been produced in the United States, Canada, Australia, England, and Hawaii, and translated into six languages for productions in another nine European countries. It has been published by Grove Press and is the only play to be represented in the recent Penguin anthology, Canadian Writing Today. A film version distributed by MGM will introduce the play to many more spectators.


Hollow alumina precursor was prepared by the enzyme-inspired precipitation onto o/w emulsion using urease. Decomposition of urea by urease increased the pH of the solution to hydrolyze aluminum sulfate. The advantages of the enzymatic reaction are that the apparent precipitation rate could be controlled by the enzyme concentration of urease, and that the precipitation could take place without the destruction of emulsion. Hollow particles were obtained at enzyme concentrations ranging between 10 and 50 mg/l. The destruction of the emulsion occurred at enzyme concentrations 50 mg/l. Hollow powders with the phase of pseudo-boehmite, maintained their apparent shape after transformation into α-alumina at 1300°C.


In present research, the internal damage evolution and failure characteristics of carbon fiber woven composites under indentation and residual compressive loads were studied by using acoustic emission technology and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Real-time acoustic emission signals originating from internal damage of composites under applied loads were obtained and analyzed by the k-means clustering algorithm. Moreover, the internal damage characteristics were observed by the reconstructed three-dimensional model and the slice images of composite specimens. The results showed that the higher the indentation force reading, the more acoustic emission signals with high amplitude and frequency (over 300 kHz) are generated. Furthermore, the early acoustic emission signals with high-frequency were observed under residual compressive loads. It can be attributed to serious failures of fibers with the increase of static indentation loads. In addition, the internal damages such as delamination, debonding, crack and fiber breakage can be clearly characterized by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy observation. The complementary technology combing acoustic emission with micro-computed tomography can provide a better understanding of internal damages and evolution behaviors of the composites.


A pharmaceutical composition is provided which includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a pharmaceutically and physically acceptable amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of Chemical Formulas I-IV as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of increasing a level of a defined neurotrophic peptide in an organism or tissue comprising the administration of a pharmaceutically and physically acceptable amount of one or more of the compositions described above, and a method for treating a neurodegenerative disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1.


ABSTRACT The important pharmacological components of Bupleuri radix include saikosaponins a–d. A multivariable approach with experimental design was employed in this study to determine four saikosaponins in different species of Bupleuri radix by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Compared to traditional multiple-parameter investigations, the current experimental design can shorten the time necessary for method development, and the multivariable approach can be used to evaluate the separation capability of the method and to explore the interactions of the different parameters. The significant influences of two experimental variables, including the concentration of γ-cyclodextrin and the percentage of methanol, on the responses were investigated using chromatographic resolution statistics. The optimized conditions were as follows: 25 mM of borate (pH 9.18) containing 50 mM of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5 mM of γ-cyclodextrin, and 15% methanol (v/v) as running buffer. After the separation conditions were optimized and good resolution was acquired, solid phase extraction was performed to reduce the interference of crude extracts of Bupleurum kaoi and Bupleurum chinense DC. The simple and rapid analytical method was successfully applied, allowing for the determination of four saikosaponins and the identification of species of Bupleuri radix.


In recent years, with the development of deep learning, facial expression recognition has become a hot research direction. In order to improve the accuracy of facial expression recognition, this paper focuses on comparing two improved algorithms based on convolution neural network (CNN), namely, double-stream CNN and CNN local fusion feature facial expression recognition. The dual-stream CNN algorithm uses a variety of advanced technologies for preprocessing and feature extraction; Local feature fusion of CNN is to perform complex processing on local features and finally optimize feature fusion weights. In this paper, the accuracy of face recognition of the two algorithms on CK+ and JAFFE data sets is 98.81% and 96.05%; 94.56%, and 97.08%, respectively. The recognition rate of these two algorithms shows that the optimization effect is very good. By comparing the similarities and differences of the two algorithms, it provides ideas and directions for further improving the accuracy and algorithm.


A headspace (HS) solid phase extraction based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ionic liquid (IL) sponge was developed for the extraction of lavender essential oil. The PDMS after loading of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([BMIM]FeCl4 ) with high surface area and excellent adsorption capacity were successfully applied in the solid phase extraction process. Microwave distillation (MD) coupled with HS-PDMS/[BMIM]FeCl4 extraction following GC-MS was proposed. Various experimental parameters were studied. The optimal conditions were: [BMIM]FeCl4 as the optimal ionic liquid, 1:5 as the volume ratio of ionic liquid to ethanol, extraction solvent of n-hexane, 600 W microwave power and 12 min irradiation time. The limits of detection and quantification of the analytic compounds were in the ranges 4.00-16.32 ng and 10.00-40.00 ng, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the ranges 0.37-1.94% and 1.20-2.45%, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, 13 samples of three lavender varieties were analyzed and a total of 40 compounds were identified. Lavender varieties were distinguished by PCA. The results showed that MD-HS-PDMS/IL-GC-MS is a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the determination of essential oil in complex plant samples.


Based on Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) and combinational logic circuits, an implementation of a model machine using Verilog HDL and top-down method is proposed. This paper describes how to design each of its parts with the schema of DFA in Verilog HDL and simulates the machine in the end.


The presence of shape resonances due to tunneling through the centrifugal barrier modifies strongly the dynamics of cold atom scattering. As shown on the example of the ground and lowest triplet electronic states of the {sup 85}Rb{sup 133}Cs molecule, the crucial parameter is, as usual for cold collisions, the scattering length. A general description of shape resonances of diatomic molecules is given from three simple single channel asymptotic models, whose respective performances are discussed. The first model, which consists of a R{sup -6} potential limited at short range by a repulsive wall, positioned to reproduce the s-wave scattering length, accounts satisfactorily for the main system-independent properties of shape resonances. Introduction in the model of energy- and angular-momentum-dependent nodal lines specific to the inner part of the potential greatly improves its efficiency. When the energy and angular momentum dependence of the nodal lines cannot be deduced from full potential calculations or from experiment, a rough, but universal, estimate of these properties is obtained by extending the R{sup -6} behavior of the potential up to the origin.


In the title compound, C38H29N7O12, the five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation in which the 'flap' is cis to the cyclopropane group. This conformation is similar to those of other bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane analogues for which crystal structures have been reported. The absolute configuration of the stereogenic centers on the cyclopentane ring, as determined by comparison with the known configurations of the stereogenic centers in the (2S)-2-acetoxy-2-phenylacetoxy groups, is 1(R), 2(R), 3(R), 4(R) and 5(S). An intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond is present.


This paper discusses several aspects regarding the derivation, accuracy, applicability, and possible future developments in the field of "compact models." A "compact model" is a simplification of a full or detailed thermal model of an electronic package. As such, it consists of a simple network comprising a limited number of thermal resistances (typically 7), connecting the critical part of the device (usually the junction) to the outer parts of the device. Furthermore, the "compact model" is independent of the applied boundary conditions, and is an accurate representation of the full model. It is found that the compact models values typically approach the full model values within 6%. Compact models are suited for embedding in design environments in use by the electronics industries, because they can be incorporated into the component libraries linked to board and system level thermal analysis software packages.


There has been increasing interest in the Liquid Argon ROD group to consider the latest generation of DSPs from TI as a possible solution for the LArg ROD system. This note describes the status of an ongoing study of the C64x DSP.


THIS INDUSTRY IS FLAT AND IS IN WHICH TYPE MULTICHANNEL POWER PLASTIC open into HOUSING CROSS ROLLED THAT ARE DONE IN THE BODY OF THE INDUSTRY and open THEMSELVES IN A JOINT GAP DEFINED BY THE LIPS OF THE INDUSTRY AND DETERMINING THE tHICKNESS OF FILM OR MULTI-LAYER SHEET. IN THE BODY OF THE INDUSTRY IS PLACED 7 PLATE WHICH THE EDGE CROSS LOCATED BELOW CONTAINS, THE WAY OF A cOMB, 9 TEETH eNDING BY TIP AND dEFINING SPACES IN EACH OF wHICH 10 DEBOUCHE A POWER CHANNEL 12, 13, 14 COLORED PLASTIC A, B, C wHICH AREAS 10 COMMUNICATE DIRECTLY WITH CROSS APLATI CORRIDOR IN wHICH FORM OR SHEET FILM RESULTING FROM THE MERGING OF PLASTIC MATERIAL FROM vEINS SPACES ABOVE, WHICH IS CONNECTED AISLE APLATI THEN WITH OTHER CORRIDORS IN CONNECTION WITH CHANNEL SUPPLY MATERIAL LAYER -SUPPORT D AND FIELD COVERAGE E LEAD BEFORE IN THE GAP OF THE INDUSTRY.


Although rheology as well as neutron and x-ray scattering studies of ordered dispersions have been performed no coherent picture is discussable. In this paper we report our synchrotron x-ray and neutron scattering data of concentrated, charge stabilized, monodisperse polymer colloids and compare them with rheological data. We found that the scattering data can be understood in terms of viscoelastic flow. When ordered by flow-, solid- and liquid-like behavior can be separated with two independent experiments: (a) The solid-like character can be seen at perpendicular incidence as Bragg reflections, (b) the liquid-like character becomes apparent by sample rotation as the intensity distribution along Bragg rods.


Experts from Cameroon Dahomey Gambia Ghana Upper Volta Kenya Liberia Madagascar Nigeria Central African Republic Mali Senegal Sierra Leone Tanzania Togo Uganda and Zambia met in September 1970 at a conference convened by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In this meeting focusing on the pertinent questions of demographic transition in tropical Africa the experts agreed on the problems of demographic transition progressing now in its 2nd phase in the respective countries. All were concerned about the consequences for the development of their respective countries. Africas problem was seen as differing from the European problem in 2 ways: 1) the birthrate remains very high and will even increase at the beginning of the development process because the improvement of sanitary conditions better health control of epidemics and a more balanced nutrition will increase fertility as well as reduce mortality; and 2) the late start and slow rate of social economic and cultural development will interfere too late to correct demographic growth. Little is known about the epidemiological transition. As far as causes of death are known tumors and infant mortality have maintained constant relative incidence. Tuberculosis other infective and parasitic diseases maternal mortality and unknown causes have decreased whereas the percentages of other causes of mortality have increased. Such comparison suggests that Africa will also go through an epidemiological transition period being in 1 of the early phases of "epidemic regression" with an increase of incidence of cardiovascular diseases and accidents but with the continuation of serious problems including that of anemia and infants diarrhea. Only future investigation will be able to confirm or refute this view.


•The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) has undergone much research; however, not many studies have been made to explain its dispersal behavior (Lausen et. Al 2). Understanding its dispersal pattern will help understand how human-caused landscapes change and roost destruction affect the little brown bat. •Many species of bats such as Myotis myotis show a sex-influenced dispersal pattern in which the females exhibit a natal philopatric dispersal behavior (Vonhof et. al). To test whether the little brown bat exhibited this kind of dispersal behavior using population genetics tools, was the objective of this research. •A feasible method to figure out if the M. lucifugus dispersal behavior exhibited female natal philopatry was to compare the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with the nuclear DNA of individuals from several maternal colonies. Since both males and females spread far away from their birthplace to mate, the genetic structure of their nuclear DNA, which is bi-parentally inherited, should be uniform among colonies. However, if this species showed natal philopatric behavior, the genetic structure of their mtDNA, which is inherited clonally from the mother to the offspring, should be similar among individuals within each maternal colony and different from other maternal colonies. Methods


by Gary Painter, Stuart Gabriel, and Dowell Myers January 2000 (Revised May 2000) Assistant Professor, School of Policy, Planning and Development; Director, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate and Lusk Chair in Real Estate, Marshall School of Business and School of Policy, Planning, and Development; and Professor, School of Policy, Planning and Development, respectively. Lusk Center for Real Estate, 331 Lewis Hall, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90089-0626. The authors are grateful to the Research Institute for Housing America and to the Zumberge Research and Innovation Fund of the University of Southern California for research funding. We thank Stephen Ross, Mark Turner, two anonymous referees, seminar participants at USC, as well as participants at the 2000 AREUEA annual meetings and at the 2000 Homer Hoyt Institute for Advanced RealEstate Studies for helpful comments. We also thank Paul Hughes for his excellent research assistance.


Since Taiwan promoted "Doubling Tourist Arrivals Plus" in 2002, the number of foreign tourists has boosted substantially. For a long time, Japanese tourists were the primary foreign visitors, so attracting more Japanese tourists to visit and consume in Taiwan was an important subject of tourism development of Taiwan. A lot of scholars all pointed out that tourist image of visitors influenced not only choice of the destination but also the feeling after traveling, and then it influenced the will of revisiting and recommendation.Due to its historical background and special geographical position, Jiou-fen was an important sight-seeing resort of northern Taiwan at present. The empirical object of this research was Japanese tourists and Taiwan tourists in Jiou-fen. The purpose of research aimed at the influence degree and causality among tourist image, satisfaction, and revisiting of Japanese tourists and Taiwan tourists in Jiou-fen. The method of this research was questionnaire survey, the data analysis adopted descriptive statistics, independent-sample T test, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, structural equation model and path analysis. The result of research showed the (1) Different population statistics variables of the tourist's tourist image, satisfaction and revisiting have obvious difference; (2) The tourist image of Japanese tourists and Taiwan tourists had direct on satisfaction and revisiting; (3) Satisfaction was a key factor of revisiting; (4) Japanese tourists or Taiwan tourists, a significant difference in the the revisiting willingness structure surface both.


My topic is a fundamental social and political change and how it prompts advocates to think differently. We see the change on the part of legislatures. It's a change from a paradigm of respect for rights to one of majoritarian willingness to override them without justification. I think this change imposes on advocates two responsibilities. One is to help judges to recognize the paradigm shift and its implications for them. The other is to conceive and frame arguments appropriate to the new paradigm — what I call advocacy notwithstanding the notwithstanding clause.


The goal of this research is to develop catalysts that directly convert methane and light hydrocarbons to intermediates that later can be converted to either liquid fuels or value-added chemicals, as economics dictate. During this reporting period, we synthesized several phthalocyanine catalysts supported on magnesia (MgO) in Task 3. In Task 4 we have tested these catalysts for oxidation of methane and did a number of blank experiments to determine the cause of the low methanol yield we have observed. Magnesia supported catalysts were prepared by first synthesizing the various metal tetrasulfophthalocyanines (TSPCs), converting them to the acid form, and then supporting these complexes on a basic support (MgO) by a neutralization reaction. The metals used were Ru, Pd, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, and Mo. CoTSPC was also synthesized in zeolite Y using our standard template techniques described in Quarterly Report No. 1. These complexes were examined for catalytic activity in the oxidation of methane. The PdTSPC/MgO had greater activity, and oxidized some of the methane (selectivity of 2.8% from the methane oxidized at 375{degrees}C) to ethane. This is a much lower temperature for this reaction than previously reported in the literature. We also examined the reactivity of various components more » of the system in the oxidation of the product methanol. The reactor showed some activity for the oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide. When zeolite or magnesia were added, this activity increased. The magnesia oxidized most of the methanol to carbon dioxide, while the zeolite reduced some of the methanol to hydrocarbons. With oxygen in the feed gas stream (i.e., the conditions of our methane oxidation), a very large fraction of the methanol was oxidized to carbon dioxide when passed over magnesia. From this, we can conclude that any methanol formed in the oxidation of methane would probably be destroyed very quickly on the catalyst bed. « less


The methods to process the random error and system error and the statistical meanings of uncertainty are discussed.The method to calculate the uncertainty of resistance in experiment to survey a resistance using voltammetry is obtained.


Ultrasound is cheap, easily available imaging modality which is useful in detection of stent within the biliary tree, dilatation of biliary tree and in assessment of complications after ERCP. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: Our study aims at to statistically assess the diagnostic accuracy and utility of ultrasound in assessment of biliary stent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 221 patients from gastroenterology department were evaluated by ultrasound abdomen examination using Philips HD 11XE ultrasound scanner. Post ERCP clinical details were obtained. X-ray abdomen done in all cases with ERCP is done wherever required. RESULT: In our study we found following measures of diagnostic accuracy in detection of biliary stent. Sensitivity 77.27%, Specificity 94.59%, Accuracy 85.97%, Positive predictive value 93.40%, Negative predictive value 80.76%, Positive likelihood ratio 14.29, Negative likelihood ratio 0.24, Diagnostic odds ratio 59.50. Twenty cases showed biliary dilatation in presence of CBD stent. Out of these 4 cases showed presence of upper end of stent in tumor mass while in rest cases it was in dilated biliary tree. Post ERCP complications were noted in 11 cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is a reliable, noninvasive, nonradiative imaging modality to assess presence of biliary stent, biliary dilatation in presence of stent and to assess tumor status and post ERCP complications. Hence we recommend the use of follow up ultrasound after ERCP procedure.


Approximately 20 years ago, evidence based medicine emerged as a novel approach to teaching medicine, and was coined by the originators as a paradigm change (EBMWG, 1992). The core idea at the time was to educate the next generation of physicians how to use best research evidence in taking care of patients. The teaching model gained rapidly momentum internationally and within all health care professions, principally because it is difficult to disagree with the axiom that translating good evidence into good clinical decisions is likely to do more good than harm for patients. However, even from its inception several very competent individuals questioned how it was possible to judge some research evidence as "best" and inversely as "inadequate" (Polychronis et al., 1996). Also underscored was the realities of widespread grey zones of clinical practice because of lack of good evidence (Naylor, 1995), and the benefits of rational clinical reasoning based on experience and understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms (Feinstein & Horwitz, 1997). Since then, disputes have raged amongst academicians, clinicians and other stakeholders. Worse, the debates do not seem to abate, likely because scientism seems to play a role, as opposed to the situation that "Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability", a quotation attributed to the Canadian physician William Osler more than a century ago but still very much relevant today. Incidentally, the same individual made numerous insightful statements, and many are directly relevant to today's debates. Another passage ascribed to Osler is the slightly more provocative statement: "Common sense in matters medical is rare, and is usually in inverse ratio to the degree of education" (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/ William_Osler). One of the biggest misunderstandings in these debates appears to be a belief that research resulting from one particular study methodology of research trumps the strength of evidence obtained from all other alternative study methodologies. It is unclear why so many debate contestants hold this view. One may speculate that there appears to a resemblance with the widespread misconstruction in judging risks. Stated in other words, relatively few can interpret abstractions such as probabilistic estimates correctly. Probability rationalization based on observations is the core of any scientific paper. To promulgate that only results obtained in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can be trusted, in contrast to any other non-RCT research designs is a fallacy based on a failure to understand and apply fundamental mathematical reasoning. Other statistical constructs like level of study power, likelihood of systematic and random errors and sizes of confidence intervals are equally or perhaps even more important with regard to probabilistic thinking and logics of scientific reasoning. In essence, an RCT is "a dumb" study design, because only one simple objective can be addressed, which is whether the intervention titled "experimental" is likely not better than the intervention titled "control". An RCT can provide nothing more and nothing less, and results can be subverted by choices of inappropriate "control intervention" or surrogate outcomes. Moreover, dependent on the randomization, allocation, blinding, possible collinearity amongst variables in combination with a range of biases, the inherent risks of type I – alfa and type II beta errors are always latent.Withinmy own field of dental research, i.e., prosthodontics and implant dentistry, it has been recognized that a substantial number of published RCTs have a high risk of bias (Esposito et al., 2001; Jokstad et al., 2002), and the phenomenon appears not to have disappeared 15 years later (Papageorgiou et al., 2015). Not everything that glitters in the scientific publishing world is necessarily RCTs, and not all Correspondence Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway E-mail: email@example.com EDITORIAL


ABSTRACT Although a growing number of universities worldwide have adopted performance-based incentive systems to improve their ranking and reputation, empirical evidence of the effectiveness of such incentives is limited. By analyzing data on over 1,000 scientists in a Korean university over a nine-year period, the present study suggests that performance-based incentive systems may work effectively in academia. As the university increased its financial rewards for publication quantity and quality, both the number of publications and the average impact factor of the target journal improved. However, raising the minimum publication requirements for promotion increased publication quantity but reduced publication quality. To avoid unintended responses, such as replacing publication quantity for quality, any performance-related pay structure must therefore be carefully designed to reflect multiple organizational goals.


Plagiarism occurs whenever you use someone else's work without giving them proper acknowledgement. The whole of academic life and scholarly activity is based on the presumption that we will give credit to those who provide us with helpful ideas that we can write about, or perhaps even upon which we build ideas of our own. We rarely invent something so new or come up with an idea so revolutionary that we do not owe considerable intellectual debts to others. We must be mindful of these debts and carefully repay them. The remarkable thing is that we can do so simply by giving credit where credit is due.


Academic discipline adapts to the needs of market competition, whose construction is a complex system, needing multistakeholder involvement and systematic, standardized operation. Current priority is to improve and perfect its theoretical knowledge, which provides the theoretical support for the development of discipline. The concept of academic discipline is clearly defined in this paper according to its characteristic. The construction of academic discipline is introduced from development direction, base construction, team building,academic atmosphere, clinical education, domestic and international exchanges. The effectiveness of discipline construction is evaluated in order to improve the understanding of academic discipline and promote the development of discipline.


China'entry into WTO will bring opportunities and challenges for the development of Chinese economy and the Chinese trade unions.Because the trade unions in western countries put forward a proposal in the 1990s that international labor standards should be linked with international trade.Their goal is to safeguard their workers'rights and interests.Some trade unions in western countries also oppose China's WTO entry.The Chinese trade unions should have their clear-cut stands.


The soil beneath a wind turbine withstands not only environmental impacts but also continuous vibrations transmitted from the superstructure. This paper presents an experimental study of the deterioration characteristics of shear strengths of residual soils affected by drying-wetting cycles and continuous vibrations. A series of triaxial tests were performed on compacted residual soil specimens after various drying-wetting cycles and vibrations. The influences of drying-wetting cycles and vibrations on the shear strengths of residual soils with different compaction degrees were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the shear strength and cohesion of compacted residual soils decreased as the number of drying-wetting cycles increased, and they tended to be stable after three drying-wetting cycles. The angle of internal friction decreased linearly with the reduction of compaction degree but was generally not affected by drying-wetting cycles. The shear strength of compacted residual soils also decreased because of continuous vibrations. After 10000 vibrations, the strength was stabilized gradually. Both the cohesion and angle of internal friction showed dynamic attenuation phenomenon. Finally, a modified Mohr–Coulomb strength equation considering the effects of drying-wetting cycles and vibrations was established. This equation could be used to predict the shear strength of compacted residual soils and further estimate the embedded depth of wind turbine foundations.


Aim: To record the frequency of clinical features of colorectal carcinoma. Methods: This study included 100 cases of colorectal carcinoma at the Department of Surgery, Services Hospital Lahore, during 1 st January 2016 to 31 st December 2016. Digital rectal examination, proctosigmoidoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, contrast studies, colonoscopy, computerized tomography and I/V urography in selected cases was done. The common demographic information including age, gender and clinical presentation of these cases were recorded. Results: The mean age as 45.87±6.58 years, majority of the patients were between 41-70 years of age i.e., 66(66%) while 34(34%) were between 20-40 years of age, 57(57%) cases were male whereas 43(43%) were females. Involved site of colorectal cancer shows rectum in 49(49%), 6(6%) anal canal, 2(2%) ascending colon, 3(3%) descending colon, 1(1%) transverse colon, 25(25%) sigmoid while 14(14%) involved caecum site. Regarding clinical presentation of colorectal cancer, altered bowel habits were recorded in 91(91%), abdominal pain in 80(80%), weight loss in 78(78%), bleeding per rectum in 53(53%), tenesmus in 48(48%) and abdominal distension in 29(29%). Conclusion: We concluded that altered bowel habits is the leading clinical feature of colorectal carcinoma followed by per rectum bleeding, weight loss and abdominal pain while younger age population was also recorded in higher proportion.


Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNAs) may alter the processing, transcription, and expression of miRNAs and, thus, may contribute to cancer development. The authors hypothesized that common polymorphisms in pre‐miRNAs are associated individually and (more likely) collectively with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).


The landings of threadfin breams recorded 8 fold increase during 1989 – 1998
period while the catch rate showed three-fold increase. Maximum catch and
catch rate was observed in September-October. N. mesoprion has taken over
the place of N. japonicus by forming 64% of the fishery. The mean size increased
from 127 to 164 mm. Significant differences were found in the length-weight
relationship between sexes. Males outnumbered females in all the months and
the overall sex ratio was M-1: F-0.70, which significantly departs from the expected
1:1 ratio. The minimum size at first maturity of males was 145 mm and
female, 125 mm. Spawning was prolonged with peak during August-November.
The peak spawning indicated by GSI, is in general agreement with the percentage
occurrence of maturity stages in different months. The fecundity ranged
from 7,444 to 49,689 eggs. The stomach content analysis revealed that the species
feed mainly on crustaceans.


These studies would indicate that the endogenous brain amines are responsive not only to LSD-25 and psychoactive congeners but also to some factor or factors of intense stress. If so, this would provide some biological link between psychoactive drugs, their effects upon amine metabolism and conditions which give rise to the need for such drugs. Perhaps, if endogenous amine mechanisms are chemically or genetically impaired, this could be reflected in altered psychophysiologic function in the face of excessive activation or demand. These studies refer largely to changes in the rat brain. If we are not to anthropomorphize the rat nor "rodentomorphize" man, our speculation must be limited. Within the rat some psychotomimetic drugs show a pattern of effects on biogenic amines and vice versa. There are little data for the rat which firmly link rates of binding and release within a specific animal with specific patterns of physiological or behavioral response. With respect to psychophysiological effects, these c...


The sun emits a broad spectrum of photons which reaches the earth and makes us able to see, makes plants able to do photosynthesis but these photons have a drawback too. Part of the spectrum 1 is harmful to humans, an overload of these photons to human skins increases the chance on skin cancer and eye diseases. Fortunally most of these harmful photons are absorbed or reflected by our atmosphere. Unfortunally, our atmosphere is less capable of stopping these harmful photons the last decennia as a consequence of human influence on the atmospheric composition. The amount of harmful photons which passes through our atmosphere to the earth surface depends on the composition of the local atmosphere and this composition differs from day to day. This is why efforts are made to make models 2 which predict the amount of harmful photons which reach the earth surface using a prediction for the atmospheric composition. To inform the public the so-called UV index is used. This is a positive number: 0 indicates it's safe, while 10 or even more


Background: Considering the clinical safety of acetaminophen over other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, this clinical trial was formulated to assess the analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen for controlling postextraction dental pain when compared to commonly prescribed ibuprofen. Aim: The aim was to assess the analgesic efficacy of paracetamol/acetaminophen in postextraction dental pain. Settings and Design: Double-blind, randomized prospective clinical trial. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients requiring bilateral maxillary and mandibular premolar extraction for their orthodontic treatment were included in the study to evaluate the efficacy of acetaminophen in controlling postextraction dental pain. Statistical Analysis Used: Unpaired t-test. Results and Conclusions: Clinically, both the postoperative analgesics exerted similar pain control with minor variations of recorded visual analog scale scores by the patients in both the groups. It may be concluded from the findings of this study that paracetamol at a dosage of 500 mg thrice a day (1.5 g) is sufficient to achieve reliable pain control following exodontia provided the surgical trauma caused to the investing tissues is minimal.


Purpose To describe the facilitated trailing haptic externalization technique for intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation. Methods In this technique, first the direction of the 4–5 mm tip of the trailing haptic is straightened with the help of forceps. After the second needle enters the posterior chamber, the edge of the IOL optic is pushed towards the opposite scleral tunnel with the needle. The trailing haptic approaching the center from the periphery and the straightened distal part of the haptic towards the direction of the needle facilitate the relatively easily and gently placing of the haptic into the lumen with a one-time use of forceps. Results This technique was performed on 65 eyes of 58 patients, with a mean patient age of 53.0 ± 14.6 years (range, 22–78). No complications such as endothelial touch, vitreous loss, iris or ciliary body damage, and hyphema were encountered during surgery. The mean operation duration was 14.8 ± 2.3 min (range, 12−20). In the postoperative period, there was only mild postoperative anterior chamber reaction in all eyes. Postoperative transient intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation that responded well to topical antiglucomatous therapy was observed in only two cases (3%). No patient developed haptic exposure, IOL dislocation, iris capture, postoperative hypotony, vitreous hemorrhage, choroidal effusion, cystoid macular edema, or retinal detachment. Conclusion The facilitated trailing haptic externalization technique provides a safer, simpler, and minimally invasive surgery without significant complications while easing the surgical difficulties of the Yamane technique.


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The invention provides a displayer preparation method. The displayer comprises a substrate, a display apparatus layer and an oxide protection layer. According to the method, the display apparatus layer is prepared on the substrate, and the oxide protection layer is prepared on the display apparatus layer through an intermittent oxygen feeding technology and comprises doping components. The doping components comprise components of, by mass, 38% to 45% of nanometer hollow fiber tube magnesium oxide, 27% to 33% of nanometer zinc oxide particles, 5% to 8% of Be, 6% to 13% of Ca and the surplus silicon carbide particles. According to the display apparatus layer, ultrathin glass substrate is bonded on the substrate through a two-side bonding material, a single-side bonding layer or static, and accordingly, the bonding effect can be improved effectively in the vacuum condition, and the packaging performance is good; the intermittent oxygen feeding technology is divided into two stages wherein the anaerobic growth stage growth time is in a range of 30s to 480s, and by the aid of the displayer, the high-voltage discharging and low lighting efficiency problems are solved effectively.