This article discusses the use of marginal notes to correct the classical Ottoman penal codes. It aims specifically to describe the role of the marginal notes in certain kānūnnāme manuscripts in the development of the Ottoman criminal code. In the 15th century, the basic penal code was formed with the addition of kānūns stipulating heavy penalties to the kānūnnāme that was enacted to regulate fines. Through additions made in the next century, criminal laws continued to develop in a way that sometimes overlapped with the domain of sharī'a. The marginal notes, which can be interpreted as responses to the development of the criminal kānūns, are typically intended to emphasize the transience of the kānūns unlike sharī'a. Generally attributed to Nisāncī Celālzāde, the notes intentionally ignore the basic penal code and almost exclusively target newly added kānūns. This pattern indicates that the basic penal code, developed in the 15th century, had gained a permanent legitimacy and authority as a kind of kānūn-i kadīm alongside the sharī'a. The most frequently repeated marginal note is, "The injunction of the sharī'a law is valid; there is no kānūn (in this matter)," which draws attention to the fact that some new kānūns added to the basic penal code became invalid upon the death of the legislator, thus sharī'a applied again in the relevant matter. Among the new kānūns, those regulating the compensation that should be included under sharī'a, such as blood money, are among the the Nisāncī's priority targets. Other corrections indicate that particular laws have been abolished, are in need of a special order from the ruler, or are written incorrectly in terms of fiqh. The article examines and interprets these notes along with the laws they target.


In this study, a hybrid composite featuring zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/carbon aerogel (ZIF-8/CA) was synthesized via in situ nucleation and growth of ZIF-8 nanoparticles inside carbon aerogels. The novel material was used as the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for the five phthalic acid esters (PAEs) detection by coupling with a gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Compared with bare carbon aerogel, the ZIF-8/CA presented the best performance, which is attributed to the unique advantages between the high surface area of CA and high hydrophobic properties, the thermal stability of ZIF-8, and their synergistic adsorption effects, such as molecular penetration, hydrogen bond, and π–π stacking interactions. Under the optimized conditions, the as-proposed ZIF-8/CA fiber provided a wide linearity range from 0.2 to 1000 μg L−1 and a low detection limit of 0.17–0.48 μg L−1 for PAEs analysis. The intra-day and inter-day of signal fiber and the fiber–fiber relative standard deviations were observed in the ranges of 3.50–8.16%, 5.02–10.57%, and 5.66–12.11%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of five PAEs in plastic bottled and river water samples.


In organ culture, the chondroblasts of the rat mandibular condyle cartilage inhibit the mitotic activity of the prechondroblasts. Hypertrophy of the chondroblasts decreases their inhibitory action. The hypothetical "inhibitory signal" might be a chalone-like substance.


The German-Russian excavations launched in 2004 in Taganrog and the surrounding area as well as in the Don delta were concluded in 2010. With numerous settlement sites, the late and final Bronze Age have emerged as key stages in the cultural-historical development. Following the collapse of this dense settlement landscape (Dally u. a. 2009, 104 f.), the early Iron Age trading post of Taganrog, presumably founded by Ionian Greeks, was successfully able to establish itself (Dally u.a. 2009, 105). Taganrog was integrated in a regional and transregional sphere of communication that extended as far as the eastern Mediterranean region. It was from Taganrog that a new network of settlements in the Don delta originated; among these Elizavetovka grew to be the most important centre in the 5 th and 4 th century B.C. (Dally u. a. 2009, 105 f.). Many other, smaller settlements existed as well, such as Novo Zolotovka which, like Elizavetovka, was incorporated in a network in the north-east Azov region in the 4 th century and 1 st quarter of the 3 rd century B.C. Nomadic and semi-nomadic groups must have been no less significant than the sedentary population in the cultural development of the Don delta in the Iron Age; their presence is attested by a number of kurgans in the region (van Hoof – Schloffel [in Vorbereitung]).


We develop a supervised learning algorithm that predicts the publication date of news articles from their content. This study is an exploratory analysis of the relationship between semantic meaning and time. We collect New York Times articles written over 30 years and develop heuristic feature selection measures for choosing the most time-predictive words. We analyze the performance of various supervised learning algorithms, expose the issues faced in NLP data filtering and learning, and proposes solutions. The algorithm correctly classifies around a third of the test set; which is much better than human performance.


Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is a noise-assisted data analysis method which decomposes a signal into a collection of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). There nevertheless appears a multi-mode problem where signals with a similar timescale are decomposed into different IMF components. A possible solution to this problem is to recombine the multi-mode IMF components into a proper single mode but as of yet, no general rules have been proposed in the literature. This paper presents the incorporation of a statistical cluster analysis to assist in the diagnosis of multi-mode IMFs and to recombine them based on the classified clusters. As a result, signals are reorganized into a condensed set of clustered intrinsic mode functions (CIMFs). The method is applied to two sets of artificially synthesized signals and two sets of practical signals: wind turbine noise and earthquake motion. These applications demonstrate that, with the additional cluster analysis, the multi-mode problem can be largely eliminated in a statistically reliable manner, and in situ applications can be improved.


Medicine in Hong Kong is a microcosm of Hong Kong itself—it is bustling, dynamic, go-ahead, state-of-theart. What is surprising, perhaps, is that Hong Kong should also be in the vanguard of the development of telemedicine, having formed the Hong Kong Telemedicine Association at an early stage in the development of the subject globally, contributed to a series of international telemedicine conferences in London over the past few years, and run the world's first global 24-hour conference on telemedicine. 1 This achievement is surprising because the major successes of telemedicine around the world have been in sparsely populated rural areas, where it has improved access to medical services (particularly specialist services) and reduced the professional isolation of health care workers in remote places. Examples that come to mind include the telemedicine networks in northern Norway 2 and telepsychiatry in Australia. 3 Yet Hong Kong does not have these problems—it is one of the most densely populated regions of the world and has one of the highest standards of living. Why then, should Hong Kong be interested in telemedicine? The two fundamental driving forces of telemedicine are a desire to reduce costs and a desire to increase the quality of service. 4 Although planners in Hong Kong probably would not be averse to making economies where they can, it is difficult to believe that this is the principal motivating factor. For example, Hong Kong has none of the problems of poor countries such as Mozambique, where a population of 18 million is served by a mere 600 doctors. In Hong Kong, a population of less than 7 million is served by more than 8000 doctors. Clearly, telemedicine in Hong Kong is being driven by a desire to improve the way that medicine is practised. How can telemedicine help? The technique of telemedicine ('medicine practised at a distance') covers three broad areas of clinical endeavour: education; diagnosis and clinical management; and treatment. Treatment at a distance—surgery carried out by robots guided by a surgeon in another hospital, for example— is the stuff of science fiction and looks likely to remain


In patients with acute pancreatitis, reparative changes of frank parenchymal necrosis,
divided into granulation tissue, fibro-granulation tissue and fibrosis, occur depending on the
duration and sev


This paper probes into the beauty of cataloguing work and how to create actively the beauty in the work, and points out that guiding the work by using the concept of aesthetics can improve the cataloguing quality and increase the service level.


Aims: The present work is to investigate the effect of probiotic namely normagut on the biochemical and commercial characteristics of silkworm, B. mori.
Study Design: Normagut treated mulberry leaves were supplemented at three different concentrations: 1%, 2% and 3%. It was fed to B. mori larvae and biochemical parameters were analyzed.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were performed at Muslim Arts College, Tamilnadu, India between June 2019 and May 2020.
Methodology: The feeding supplementation started from first day of third instar to last day of fifth instar for every 24 h. The research was performed with control and experimental groups of 3 replications of 30 larvae each.
Results: In our study, 2% concentration of probiotic normagut was very effective and maximum of fat body protein (31.18 µg/mg), glycogen (20.21 µg/mg) and lipid (255.31 µg/mg) was observed. Maximum of haemolymph protein (58.12 µg/ml), trehalose (365.06 µg/ml) and of lipid (41.06 µg/ml), free amino acid (34.32 µg/ml), protein (64.43 µg/mg ) and 15.27 µg/mg of lipid was recorded in silk gland of B. mori (p<0.001). The economic traits of larval weight (3869.23 mg), cocoon weight (2131.36 mg), shell weight (463.13 mg), shell ratio (21.72%) and filament length (912.24 m) was recorded in 2% normagut treated group.
Conclusion: The probiotics enhanced the commercial characteristics of cocoon and silk.


An open problem for quality of service routing management is the use of inaccurate metric information. Due to the periodic link-state updates, the router always contains out-of-date information. This paper proposes a novel framework for routing management with inaccurate information. We introduce fuzzy metric representation and the concept of non-dominance or Pareto-optimal fuzzy shortest path routing into our framework. The term fuzzy shortest path routing used here is distinct from the classic sense of fuzzy rule controlled routing. We map the crisp link-state information to a new plane by fuzzification factor, and use fuzzy non-dominated multipath routing algorithm for path selection in order to achieve a better network usage. Under our framework, a network administrator can easily switch between fuzzy or non-fuzzy routing. We will discuss and investigate how this framework could be merged with the current network infrastructure to support better QoS for emerging services and applications. A case study is shown in the paper, and simulation results are also included to validate the network preference enhancement under our framework.


According to the character of the work of library circulation in the Internet information age, the author insisted that creative idea should be injected into it. In order to speed up with the library's modernization construction in the college, we should start with composing a humane environment, catering to the readers' need of information, propelling the innovative service and rending the innovation modernization management as well as to improve the quality of the sendee.


A General Explanation of Qu in the Song,Jin,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties by Wang Xue-qi Professor gives a thorough knowledge the time order and thought thread of the history of the Chinese traditional opera,widens the domain of the Qu,covers various literary forms,namely dramas of the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the Jin and Yuan Dynasties' modes of ancient Chinese music,the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties' Zaju and tonal verses,and Ming and Qing Dynasties' romance,etc.The distinguishing features of this book are rich in systematic materials,extensive in quotations,appropriate in diction and interpretation and remarkable in insight.


Chapter I. Epimenides.*

 How true that there is nothing dead in this Universe; that what we call dead is only changed, its forces working in inverse order! 'The leaf that lies rotting in moist winds,' says one, 'has still force; else how could...


Theory,characteristics and precision analysis of a real-time pulse-width measuring instrument using grating sampling second-harmonic method are described in this paper. It is shown that this instrument will have a wide applications.


The dibutyl (BTDB) and diethyl (BTDE) esters of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-dicarboxylic acid have been prepared (BTDB for the first time) and used in the transfer of electrons from morpholine ethene sulfonic acid (MESH) to 1,5-anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles, or across vesicle bilayers prepared from dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB). BTDB and BTDE act as light absorbers and then accept an electron directly from MES– before passing it to AQDS. Kinetic studies indicate that the rate determining step in micelles is the electron transfer from BTDB–˙ to AQDS, whilst in the vesicle system, at low concentration it is either the same step or diffusion of BTDB–˙ across the vesicle bilayer. At higher concentrations, the rate of electron transfer across the vesicle is independent of all [reagents] except H+, so we tentatively conclude that the rate determining step is charge compensating diffusion of H+ across the bilayer.


There is an appreciable decline in MMR from 254 (2004–2006), 212 (2007–2009), 178 (2010–2012), to 167 (2011–2013).[2] The immediate cause of death is a biomedical event, but the contributory causes are diverse. Health system and social and developmental factors immensely contribute to it. It is an outcome of inequity – both in health and social sectors. Levels of per-capita income, social factors, and MMR are positively related.[3] Inequality in health as an outcome of social and economic inequality has been emphasized for long.[4] Although there is a decline in maternal mortality, there is considerable interstate and intrastate variation, ranging from 300 in Assam to 61 in Kerala. An empowered action group of states of the National Health Mission contributes to the maximum maternal deaths. Reduction in MMR over three periods 2001–2006, 2004–2009, and 2007–2012 was 47, 42, and 37 points, respectively.[3] Poor-performing states had rapid decline and better-performing states had relatively less decline. This rapid decline in a relatively short time is expected and is due to scaling up of health services and reforms within the health system through Reproductive and Child Health Programme and National Rural Health Mission. This difficult now as most maternal deaths in India are associated with social determinants such as poverty, poor education, low socioeconomic condition, and marginalized population. In India, many researchers have demonstrated the link between maternal death and social inequity.[5-10] Even within better performing states like Kerala, there is inter-district variation because of social constructs.[11] Maternal and Perinatal Death Review has yielded many insights into nonmedical determinants of maternal deaths.[12] Thus, vulnerable and disadvantaged groups must be identified for priority interventions to bring down maternal mortality.


Braneworld models typically predict gravity to grow stronger at short distances. In this paper, we consider braneworlds with two types of additional curvature couplings, a Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk, and an Einstein-Hilbert (EH) term on the brane. In the regime where these terms are dominant over the bulk EH term, linearized gravity becomes weaker at short distances on the brane. In both models, the weakening of gravity is tied to the presence of ghosts in the graviton mass spectrum. We find that the ordinary coupling of matter to gravity is recovered at low energies/long wavelengths on the brane. We give some implications for cosmology and show its compatibility with observations. We also discuss the stability of compact stars.


An optimized large-scale and sparse semi-definite programming algorithm for the LMI(Linear Matrix Inequality) approach of m (Structure Singular Value, SSV) analysis and synthesis is given in this paper, which is then applied to the Power System(SMIB) to solve the controller synthesis problem that guarantees the robust stability for given variations in operation conditions. Computer simulation results based on the suggested control strategy are compared favorably with that based on the classical PSS control.


A well-defined iron complex system was established using PNNP-R (R = Ph and Cy) as a strong σ-donating ligand with a rigid meridional tetradentate structure. Reactive Fe(0) complexes [{Fe(PNNP-R)}2(μ-N2)] were synthesized by a reaction of the corresponding iron dihalide with NaBEt3H and structurally characterized. The reaction proceeded via the iron dihydride intermediate [Fe(H)2(PNNP-R)], which underwent H2 reductive elimination, supporting the hemilabile behavior of PNNP-R. [{Fe(PNNP-R)}2(μ-N2)] catalyzed the dehydrogenative coupling of silanols with silanes to selectively form various hydrosiloxanes, which are important building blocks for the synthesis of a range of siloxane compounds. This system exhibited higher catalytic efficiency than the previously reported precious-metal-catalyzed systems.


The Russian philosopher Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev was born on March 6, 1874 to aristocratic parents in Kiev. He attended the University of Kiev but was arrested as a Marxist and exiled to Vologda in 1898. Returning to Kiev in 1901, his commitment to Eastern Orthodox theology was awakened by Sergei Bulgakov. In 1920, Berdyaev began teaching philosophy at Moscow State University, but was exiled 2 years later for anti-authoritarian views. Berdyaev moved to Paris in 1923, where he published Put ("The Way"), a journal of religious philosophy, from 1925 to 1940. Though he never completed a university degree, Berdyaev lectured at the Sorbonne in 1939, and received an honorary doctorate of divinity from Cambridge University in 1947. Berdyaev died at his desk on March 24, 1948.

Keywords:

Berdyaev, Nikolai Alexandrovich (1874–1948);
Russian philosopher;
arrested as a marxist;
philosopher of freedom;
God, could not control freedom;
true freedom, being divine freedom;
Christianity, religion of freedom


Introduction: Astigmatic changes induced by upper lid repositioning may be a cause of blurred vision after upper eyelid procedures. We designed a study to document the astigmatic changes after ptosis correction surgery in children. Aim: The study aims at documenting the changes in astigmatism after ptosis correction surgery in 30 consecutive children seen in a Regional Institute of Ophthalmology. Material and Methods: 30 consecutive paediatric patients (4-12 years of age) of blepharoptosis were enrolled. The patients were subjected to a complete ophthalmic examination and ptosis evaluation. Keratometry and cycloplegic refraction were done pre and postptosis correction surgery. Observations and Results: The average pre-operative astigmatism was 1.28 while the average observed postoperative astigmatism was 1.71. The average postoperative change in astigmatism was 0.43 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a significant astigmatic change following ptosis surgery in children. Mandatory visual acuity testing, refraction and post mydriatic correction are recommended in all paediatric patients with ptosis at the time of presentation and three months post surgery.


An attempt will be made in this study to arrange the furniture of Colonial America into a proper sequence relative to the development and changes made in their design and construction.


Adaptive convergence in floral phenotype among plants sharing a pollinator guild has been acknowledged in the concept of pollination syndrome. However, many plants display traits associated with a given syndrome, but are visited by multiple pollinators. This situation may indicate the beginning of a pollinator shift or may result in a stable situation with adaptations to different pollinators. In Salvia stachydifolia, a previous study suggested that flower shape is optimized to maximize the contribution to pollination of bees and hummingbirds. Here, we studied three additional aspects of its floral biology: sexual phases, nectar dynamics and breeding system, and examined their connection with pollinators' behaviour to explore the presence of adaptations to bee and/or hummingbird pollination.

 Using a greenhouse population, we applied five pollination treatments to characterize breeding system. To determine sexual phases, we recorded flower opening, anther dehiscence, corolla fall and stigma receptivity. Additionally, we characterized nectar volume and concentration dynamics along the day. Finally, to determine pollinator assemblage and visitation patterns, we performed field observations and recorded pollinators' behaviour.

 Salvia stachydifolia was partially protandrous and self-compatible, but open-pollinated plants attained the highest reproductive success, suggesting that reproduction is mainly dependent on pollinator activity. Bombus opifex bumblebees were the most frequent visitors, but Sappho sparganura hummingbirds dominated visits early in the morning and at dusk. Nectar was typical of bumblebee pollination. We suggest that the bee–hummingbird mixed visitation constitutes an unstable evolutionary situation, making S. stachydifolia an ideal system to understand the ecological circumstances in which pollination shifts occur.


A new type of transmission system of mechanical press is designed according to the demands of low-speed stamping-forge of mechanical press.The transmission system mainly consists of differential gear train,planetary gear train,crank linkage slide mechanism and two drive motors.Through controlling the two drive motors,two different speeds of the slider of mechanical press can be obtained.Its transmission system,not only can keep the working efficiency of mechanical press.but also can reduce the velocity of the slide.Based on the technological parameters of JH23-200 type mechanical press the new transmission system that meets the working demands of mechanical press is designed,which proves that this transmission scheme is practical and feasible.


MOST OF THE STUDIES of diseases of wildlife have been carried on primarily in relation to human welfare and the transmissibility of these diseases to domestic livestock rather than for the benefit of wildlife itself. Today the emphasis is changing somewhat, and wildlife diseases are being studied as a necessary part of conservation. Despite the views of many older writers, losses among wild species from disease are very considerable. The isolation of many wild animals in places remote from human habitations and their general tendency to scatter rather than to concentrate make it difficult to obtain information on the mortality from disease among them. It is also a characteristic of wild animals, when they are sick, to secrete themselves in dense cover or in burrows, thus making their discovery unlikely; and scavenger insects, birds, and animals rapidly dispose of carcasses in exposed places, so that shortly after their death little trace of them remains. Nevertheless, from time to time epizootics, or severe outbreaks of disease, of varying degrees of de-


A case of primary pneumaturia caused by alcoholic fermentation in the urinary bladder is reported. The etiology, bacteriology and treatment are discussed.


Although the literature has identified important benefits associated with group affiliation, the channels through which business groups provide support to members remain relatively unexplored. Using IPO data from 44 countries, we investigate how family groups create financing advantages for young member firms by facilitating their entry into the equity capital market. Our evidence suggests that internal capital accumulated by a group in the form of retained earnings can enable new members to go public by bridging significant funding gaps associated with costly external financing. Consistent with this channel of group support, we also find that group-affiliated IPOs tend to possess firm characteristics generally associated with serious external financing constraints and that they are better able to go public under weak IPO market conditions and incur lower flotation costs compared to independent firms. After listing, group affiliation continues to benefit IPO firms by enabling them to overcome adverse external capital market conditions. Our results are most pronounced for affiliated firms controlled through pyramids, consistent with the theory that this organizational structure provides a mechanism for controlling families to leverage their internal capital and alleviate external financing constraints of affiliated new ventures.


A decrease in physical size and multiband ability are essential requirements for antenna incoming wireless devices.The antenna based on Sierpinski fractal antenna theory. Design & simulation of fractal triangle microstrip patch antenna done by using IE3D software of Zeland. In this paper, a special technique is proposed to design a new patch antenna, shapes is equilateral triangular fed by a 50-Ω microstrip line. Then the planned antenna was fabricated on FR4 Epoxy/glass substrate with dielectric constant 4.4. Fractal antenna properties were observed from the measurement of bandwidth, beamwidth, standing wave ratio (VSWR < 2), return loss (S11), directivity and also radiation pattern are measured in this project. The antenna exhibit dual frequencies that are work on S band & C band applications.


The ratio of the amounts of thyrotropic hormone in rat and beef hypophyses is entirely different from the ratio of the interrenotropic content in pituitaries of these 2 animal forms. Per unit of weight, adult male rat hypophyses are 7 to 9 times as potent in thyrotropic hormone as beef glands, whereas bovine pituitaries exceed male rat hypophyses in the ability to hypertrophy the adrenal cortex of adult male rats. Intramuscular implants into immature male guinea pigs and subsequent histological study of the thyroids showed that as good a response can be elicited with 6 mg. of male rat pituitary as with 50 mg. of beef. The adrenal weight is almost doubled when 1800 mg. of bovine glands are implanted over a 5 to 10 day period into adult male rats, provided the recipients have not been thyroidectomized. 1 On the other hand, as many as 200 (about 1600 mg.) adult male rat hypophyses implanted into intact rats produced no adrenal enlargement whatsoever; however, 350 whole glands administered to one rat did induce adrenal hypertrophy. Preliminary work indicates that adrenalectomy greatly increases the interrenotropic capacity of rat pituitaries, which, as we have just seen, is normally very low compared with the thyrotropic content.


The biological nitrification characteristics were studied in DIBFBR (Bown flow Internal circulation Biological Fluidized Bed Reactor) through experiment. The results show that the loading of the reactor and treatment efficiency are 2kgNH + 4-N/m 3·d and more than 90%,and the reactor is able to resist influence shock,and the effluence quality is stable.Treatment efficiency is related to circulation rate and gas supply amount. The maximum of circulation rate and bulking ratio is 0.6 cm/s and 100% respectively.


The joint tracking problem is one that was initially motivated by applications within markerless motion capture, and it can also be further considered as a subcase of the human pose estimation problem, which has been widely studied and researched but mostly in the context of estimation from single images. Only in recent years have there been more work focused on techniques involving video input and temporal data, and a few pieces of literature that have been valuable to us are briefly outlined below.


Since 1992, several thousand children and adults have been held in Australia's immigration detention centres. The detention environment has created a quagmire of human tragedy. It has exacerbated pre-existing trauma and precipitated preventable mental illness. I will argue in this article that Australia's treatment of vulnerable people who have sought its protection as refugees is contrary to the international prohibition on torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. I will then consider the extent to which Australian law has addressed the effect of immigration detention on mental health and comment on the ramifications of the policy.


We present a covariance matrix method to compute accurate error rates in a 10Gb/s DWDM chirped RZ transmission systems with channels spaced 50GHz apart at the computational cost of only 280 Monte Carlo noise realizations.


Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) perform every day more critical operations. Originally, sensor nodes were connected in closed networks, where they only collected data and sent them to a central server to be processed. However, with the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution and the era of Cyber-Physical Systems, Wireless Sensors Networks are employed in a large catalogue of applications, many of them critical: traceability, ambient intelligence, biological signal control, etc. At the beginning, simple encryption techniques were enough, but as more sophisticated applications are proposed, protection schemes turn also more complex. In particular, schemes based on digital signatures, hash functions and Public Key Infrastructures are extensively implemented. Nevertheless, all these solutions present a very important problem: nodes must store a secret key. As future systems will be unmanaged and be deployed in remote places without surveillance, the use of ROM memories where keys are stored in a permanent way is a critical risk. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new scheme for signature delegation in WSN, based on magnetic Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF). PUF take advantage of any physical properties to build private keys which are inaccessible and impossible to replicable; what added to the intrinsic complexity magnetic phenomena will enable us to define an inviolable signature scheme. A simulation scenario is also defined to validate the usability and performance of the proposed framework.


Sandusky Bay is largely populated by cyanobacterial algal blooms, mainly formed by Planktothrix. Fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus run from agricultural lands into the bay, building up excess nutrients forming eutrophic waters. The Planktothrix feed off these nutrients and grow into algal blooms. To determine a potential solution to the growth of these blooms, I implemented a hydroponics system involving Lactuca Sativa for analysis of Planktothrix growth and productivity. Four different nutrient conditions were added to a Planktothrix-only solution and a solution growing Planktothrix with the lettuce in the hydroponics system. The four conditions consisted of no nutrient addition (control), base levels of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), high nitrogen base phosphorus (HN), and high phosphorus base nitrogen (HP). My results concluded that when Planktothrix was exposed to HN and HP conditions, it grew substantially more when in an environment alone than when growing with lettuce. The rate of growth and cell counts were higher in those solutions of Planktothrix-only, suggesting a possible competitive relationship formed between the bacteria and the lettuce in which the lettuce out-competed the bacteria for nutrients. This analysis can conclude a possible solution to the algal blooms in Sandusky Bay where a change in agricultural systems may help mitigate Planktothrix growth. The implementation of a hydroponics system where eutrophic water is recycled back into the agricultural systems, or where cultivation of crops occurs right on the bay itself may lead to crops outcompeting bacteria for nutrients, leading to a decrease in algal blooms within the water.


Abstract It is unknown what teaching styles (range of pedagogies) coaches are employing during coaching sessions and whether these teaching styles are associated with recommended pedagogical principles advocated by sport and coaching scholars. It is unknown whether twenty years of coach education has shifted coaching practice as the insights into the pedagogical diversity and preference of teaching styles that underpin and inform the coaches' decisions to employ particular teaching strategies during coaching sessions are undetermined. This paper addresses these unknowns in the field of tennis coaching in Australia by reporting the findings of a study that address the lack of information on the teaching styles employed by tennis coaches by asking the following research question: What teaching styles are junior coaches in Australia actually using during coaching sessions? This study used The Spectrum (Mosston & Ashworth, 2008) of teaching styles as a tool to assess the observed teaching styles of twelve junior coaches. Contrary to the educational convictions of Australian sport coach education materials the results from this study indicated that the coaches in this study potentially did not offer players developmental opportunities beyond a limited range (i.e., motor skill development in the physical learning domain) due to a narrow pedagogical mix in their coaching.


This paper describes a new 500 volt junction isolated BIMOS technology developed by and recently brought into production at the General Electric Company. It differs from previously reported junction isolated (J.I.) high voltage IC (HVIC) technologies in the versatility and ruggedness is provides. As such, it not only addresses the display driver markets, but also those dealing with power conditioning and control.


A sedimentological and palynological investigation was carried out on outcropping sedimentary rocks at Dogiyai, Papua, proposed to be named as the Mapia Formation. The age range is from Middle Miocene to Pleistocene. The lower Mapia Formation was deposited at Metroxylon type to Nothofagus emarcida Zone, Middle Miocene to Early Pliocene. It is comprised of three facies associations: tidal channel, tidal point bar, and tidal flat deposits. A tidally dominated fluvially influenced depositional environment is suggested for the deposition of sediments of this unit. The upper Mapia Formation was deposited at Malvacipollis diversus Zone, Garcinia cuspidata type Zone, and Proteacidites sp. Zone, Late Pliocene to Pleistocene. It is comprised of five facies associations: delta front, slump, debrite, turbidite, and lacustrine mud deposits. A non-channelized deep-lacustrine slump and debris-flow dominated depositional environment is suggested for the deposition of sediments of this unit. The lower Mapia Formation was deposited as synorogenic clastic sediments at the beginning of Central Range orogeny event while the upper Mapia Formation was deposited in the piggyback basin at the major uplift event.


international agencies have now agreed on how to provide such support. The Inter-Agency Stand-ing Committee (IASC), established in response to United Nations General As-sembly Resolution 46/182, is a commit-tee of executive heads of United Nations agencies, intergovernmental organizations, Red Cross and Red Crescent agencies and consortia of nongovernmental organiza-tions responsible for global humanitarian policy. In 2005, the IASC established a task force to develop guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergencies.The guidelines


The portable electronic device has one or more proximity sensors. This is a portable electronic device comprises at least one signal receiver for receiving the carrier signal corresponding to one or more signal emitters and signal source (s) on the basis of the orientation of the housing, the housing for directing the source signals (s). In one embodiment, the apparatus may include a sensor for identifying the orientation of the plurality of signal emitters and the housing. Based on the orientation of the housing identified by the sensor, an appropriate signal emitters may be selected. In another embodiment, the apparatus can include a mechanism on the basis of the orientation of the housing to redirect the source signal from the signal emitter in the appropriate direction.


Industrial wood wastes and domestic wastes are composed mostly of cellulose, which is the main constituent in plant materials. Reuse of these products as a biomass energy source is one way of solving the energy problems we are facing today. Studies on the pyrolysis of cellulose reveal that with more than 90 products and by-products, levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose) as one of the main products is broken down to produce most of these smaller products. Ab initio calculations were carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of levoglucosan decomposition— an important parameter for char formation that is eyed to be a possible alternative energy source.


The prevention and cure of canker of Carya are very difficult and the chemical control only is a kind of assistant measure,which is taken as the preventive measures.The proper chemical control could get better effect.27 % of"908" could be used in the early spring for its prevention and 27 % "908" or bluestone could be used at the beginning of April after the disease tissue was scratched thoroughly.


Heat transfer enhancement area attracts the close attention of the researchers and engineers worldwide for the last decades. The most popular techniques nowadays to enhance heat transfer from the surface is to extend it with the fins, studs, etc. or to profile it with the elements of artificial roughness, winglets, dimples, etc. Those types of surface enhancement allow improving the thermal efficiency of the heat transfer equipment with minimal design modification and without significant capital expenses. One of the interesting and promising techniques of the surface profiling is the formation on the surface the arrangement of spherical dimples, which generate intensive vortex structure near the surface, increase flow turbulence and, as a result, enhance heat and mass transfer between a profiled surface and a liquid (or gas) flowing over it [1–3]. In this connection, it is interesting to establish whether surface profiling will also enhance the heat transfer intensity between a liquid film on such a surface and ambient air. Unfortunately, authors were not able to find any publications on this subject in the open domain. At the same time, the investigation of this process could be of great interest for the engineering practice, in particular, for the cooling towers advancement. In the present work, the authors discuss some experimental results obtained for the different profile parameters and flow regimes.© 2011 ASME


Introduction Power and Dependency Mobilization, Heterogeneity, and Party Solidarity Reactive and Control Processes The General Causal Model of Conflict Processes Ideological Supports for Conflict Ideological Dimensions and A Theoretical Submodel Responses to Heterogeneous Parties and Conflict Groups Sustaining Conflicts Terminating Conflicts A Final Model


【Objective】 To understand the circumstances suffering from chronic diseases and the circumstances impact on self-rated health in Guizhou rural elderly people.【Methods】 Make some Questionnaire survey to the rural elderly from six state-level poverty-stricken counties in 2007.And,to analysis with χ2 inspection and ordered variable cumulative odds model.【Results】 The prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly in the rural areas is 18.5%,The top 5 of the prevalence of chronic diseases is high blood pressure,chronic bronchitis,rheumatoid arthritis,tuberculosis,sports disease,gastroenteritis;There are statistical differences in types with elderly chronic illnesses of different gender(χ2=17.01,P =0.00) and age paragraph(χ2 =23.47,P =0.01) elderly.The old people with chronic conditions self-rated health more negative(χ2 = 172.77,P =0.00),and the type of illness exist certain effect to the self-rated health.The worst self-rated health is the old people with gastroenteritis,followed by tuberculosis,high blood pressure,sports disease,chronic bronchitis and rheumatoid arthritis(χ2=21.17,P =0.02),Chronic diseases on the rural elderly self-rated health effect is remarkable(OR =5.24).【Conclusion】 The self-rated health indicators can reflect the elderly overall health condition,significant body symptoms lead to more negative self-rated health.


Over the past few years, many national and regional mapping agencies have built a basic scale dataset covering their territory, often now referred to as 'framework' data. At the same time, there have been increasing requirements for rapid creation of multiple products at different scales and specifications, combined with great pressures to cut costs and reduce staffing. These conflicting requirements have given a real incentive to use automated generalisation. However, production-quality, intelligent tools for contextual generalisation have been scarce or unavailable. The advantages of object data modelling, active object toolkits and software agents have been proven by research projects, and by successful deployments of prototypes in production flowlines at national mapping agencies. Work is now underway, guided by the MAGNET consortium to develop a new production-ready object generalisation environment (Clarity). This is developed from the AGENT prototype, but building on experience gained, and adopting standard technologies such as XML and Java. This paper overviews the current and future developments and product strategy of a leading automated solution for cost-effective object and agent generalisation. It particularly describes the new architecture with its use of XML and Java, and the importance of topology.


A long-standing problem in the study of Maya civilization is the eighth to tenth century end of the Classic Lowland Maya Civilization. The so-called "collapse" of Maya civilization has been the subject of popular speculation, as well as serious study and debate throughout the twentieth century. What must be made clear at the outset is that — in keeping with the theme of this volume — this crisis in the Maya tradition was the end of only one manifestation of that tradition: it was specifically the end of the city-states in the Maya lowlands, especially the southern lowlands. The Maya tradition continued elsewhere with vigor and recovered significantly in the northern lowlands. It was one specific episode in the vast spectrum of Maya civilization discussed in this volume. Nonetheless, the late eighth to tenth century crisis in the Maya tradition in the lowlands is of tremendous interest for comparative studies of civilizations. The end of the city-states of the lowlands can be compared to theories on the crises and transitions in other civilizations to provide insights into the general processes of the cycle of the rise and then the disintegration or transformation of states and, indeed, of all complex societies. One of the great intellectual problems of all social sciences has long been, "Why do civilizations follow a trajectory that in general fails to stabilize?", "Why is success in complex political systems unable to achieve equilibrium or sustainability?" Studies in philosophy, history, politics, and anthropology have contemplated this question and what it also tells us about the very nature of societies. How a society disintegrates or transforms tells us much about how it was structured in the first place. Thus, archaeological and historical study of the end of civilizations allows us to begin our understanding of the institutions and adaptations of that ancient set of social, political, and ideological systems.


In the new era,with the implementation of the concept of scientific development and human-oriented idea,humane care has become an inevitable requirement for social development,and an inherent requirement for modern ideological and political education. This article,based on the study of the mental state change of Chinese people before and after the Wenchuan earthquake,analyzes the necessity and importance of stressing the value of humanistic concern in ideological and political education,which,as well as the appeal for ultimate concern for human life,becomes the mainstream of society. This paper believes that knowledge of the four major trends of concern for human life in the ideological and political education stated and the proposals put forward will promote free and all-round development of people.


A group of listeners were engaged in training to learn to evaluate auditory source width (ASW) and listener envelopment (LEV). The training consisted of discussions on perception of spatial sound and visualization of both attributes with drawings. After each session the subjects evaluated the ASW and LEV of a set of stimuli consisting of different source signals simulated in a few chosen acoustical environments. Most subjects developed consistent criteria for their judgements and maintained them throughout the training and a subsequent control two months later. However, considerable individual differences were found. Analysis of the data revealed that large part of the differences was due to different judgements between the chosen source signals. The training also suggested that some differences could have been caused by the translation from multi-dimensional perception to the unidimensional judgements. A further graphical evaluation of the stimuli showed that this was not the case.


The article presents a practical method for reading,processing,analysing and dealing with power consumption information of thousands of clients included in demand side power meter by analysing various data reading methods of multi-function power meter.It also combines with other current customers information in marketing information system,so as to achieve accurate and effective centralizing supervision of sales electric energy,incomes,average electric price,electric charge errors,measuring errors,electric charge retrieving rate,etc.The system can calculate the actual line loss to improve operating efficiency and quality,and improve the monitoring and decision making ability of electric power company at the same time.


Objective: To research the relationship model among social support,coping and learning burnout.Methods: 413 participants were measured with learning burnout scale,social support scale and coping scale.Results: ①Undergraduates' learning burnout level,especially the level of behavior inadequacy,was comparatively high.In terms of grade difference,juniors' and sophomores' level of emotional exhaustion was higher than that of freshmen,while freshmen's level of low personal accomplishment was higher than that of sophomores.In terms of gender difference,male students' level of behavior inadequacy was higher than that of females'.②Social support,positive coping,negative coping and learning burnout had significantly positive correlation.There was no direct relationship between coping and learning burnout but indirect relationship between social support and learning burnout.Conclusion: Part of college students' learning burnout has gender difference and grade difference;copying mediates the relationship between social support and learning burnout.


Relative values of on-state current in undoped-body double-gate (DG) and triple-gate (TG) FinFETs are examined via three-dimensional numerical device simulations. The simulation results reveal significant bulk inversion in the fin bodies, which limits the benefit of the third (top) gate in the TG FinFET and which negates the utility of the commonly defined effective gate width (W/sub eff/=2h/sub Si/+w/sub Si/). Even the concept of W/sub eff/ for the TG FinFET is invalidated, but the proper W/sub eff/ for the DG FinFET is defined. Physical insights attained from the simulations further solidify our notion, based previously on gate layout-area inefficiency, that the third gate is neither desirable nor beneficial.


Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) and Chikungunya Virus (CHIV) are neglected reemerging pathogens that cause comorbidities worldwide. Since no antiviral drug is prescribed for those infections, there is a demand on researching compounds that inhibit viral replication. Saponins are amphiphilic compounds that already demonstrated in vitro activity against enveloped virus. Therefore, two purified saponin fractions from Quillaja spp. were evaluated regarding their antiviral potential against YFV and CHIKV. The cell line used in this study was VERO (African green monkey kidney cells) since it is permissive to the replication of both viruses. The antiviral activity of both saponins fractions was screened using the plaque reduction assay protocol. Although saponins did not inhibited YFV replication, they strongly inhibited CHIKV. To confirm the absence of antiviral activity of Quillaja saponins against YFV, the cytopathic effect inhibition assay was performed also. Further studies are required to determine the antiviral mechanisms involved in the CHIKV inhibition.


Preface Representation, Blacks, and Women in the Political Process The Representation of Blacks and Women since 1970: An Era of Change Campaign Contributions: An Historic Overview Aggregate Contributions in Theory and Practice Political Action Committees and Candidate Funding Party Money, an Affirmative Action Stance? Individual Contributors and Discrimination Appendix: Data and Variable Definitions Bibliography Index


Invited for this month's cover is the collaboration between Dr Rob Evans at Aston University, Birmingham, UK and Prof. Art Ragauskas at University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA. The image illustrates that low-field, or benchtop, NMR spectrometers can be as effective as their higher-field counterparts in the accurate, quantitative analysis of bio-oils. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202300625.


Defined benefit pension funds in the United States experienced material declines in funded ratios in the past decade. The events of 2008 coincided with the implementation of a new federal pension funding regime, the Pension Protection Act of 2006. This case study describes a unique pension agreement between a major American labor union and the sixth largest American employer, involving the merger of four underfunded multiemployer pension plans that restructured the legacy benefits through a financial transaction and redesigned future benefits and funding policy.


The concern about the possible adverse health effects of plastic based food packaging as well as the environmental pollution caused by plastics has lead to efforts in looking for alternative, eco-friendly and biocompatible food packaging materials. In the present investigation, a composite edible film was prepared from whey, pectin and gelatin, which was supplemented with Ocimum essential oil. These films were characterized for thickness, transparency towards visible and UV-light, and total moisture content. Antimicrobial activity of these films were examined against Escherichia coli MTCC 118, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus MTCC 1272 and Pseudomonas fluorescens MTCC 103. The film activity was found to be maximum against B. cereus with 8 mm zone of inhibition on addition of 6% of Ocimum essential oil. The films were also active against all other pathogens except P. aeruginosa.


Currently, increasing attention is given to enrichm ent of people's diet with dietary fibre. The aim of the present study was to improve the quality of fibre-enriched wheat bread by enzyme supplementation. The possible use of enzyme preparations of β-xylanase from A.niger, α-amylase from A.oryzae and glucoamylase from A.niger as bread improvers were tested in bread containing dif ferent amount (15–20 % of flour) of extruded wheat bran. Extruded bran was chosen for the positive nutrition al and safety effects of the extrusion process. Ext ruded bran supplementation of wheat flour, in general, had pro nounced effects on dough properties yielding higher water absorption and smaller extensibility in compare wit h those obtained without bran. The bran always contributed to a decrease of the bread volume and crumb porosit y and changed the texture properties. Exploitation of enzymes considerably improved bread quality and pro longed shelf life. The tested multienzyme mix (β-xylanase, α-amylase and glucoamylase) was more efficient than individual β-xylanase in improving the bread quality. Enzyme addition allowed increasing the amo unt of bran up to 20 % without negative effects on bread acceptability.


The authors investigate the complex resonant frequencies of a circular microstrip patch mounted on a spherical body using the spectral domain method. In this method, the effects of the dielectric substrate and of the metallic sphere are incorporated by the rigorous Green's function formulation. Vector Legendre series is defined to simplify the process of formulation. Galerkin's procedure is employed to solve for the complex resonant frequencies. The cavity model surface current functions are used as the basis functions. The resonant frequencies and Q-factors of the TM/sub 11/ mode are presented. >


a Center for Corrosion Science and Engineering, Nava l Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columb ia 20038, USA b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, T he Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, USA Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California at Berkley, Berkley, California 94704, U SA Center for Research Excellence in Corrosion, King F ahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saud i Arabia. * NRL SCEP student and Corresponding author: email@example.com


Our research shows that serving sizes influence perceptions of healthfulness of restaurant foods. This context is important as more restaurants begin to post nutrition information on menus. Yet, some restaurateurs use serving sizes smaller than what consumers normally consume at a sitting. We find that when nutritional information is framed using serving sizes cut in half, foods are perceived to be healthier. In addition, serving size framing may differentially affect consumers with various levels of dietary concern. Our results reveal that serving size interacts with dietary concern in a curvilinear manner.


The chemical composition of mare's milk, which is poor in fat and proteins and very rich in lactose, is more similar to human milk than to mammary secretion from other species. Mare's milk is also characterised by a high whey protein content and is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. As a result, mare's milk exhibits interesting nutritional characteristics and an optimum potential for a future use as a dietetic, therapeutic food product. This work shows results on chemical-physical characteristics and fatty acid composition of some bulk milk samples obtained from Haflinger, Quarter horse, Sella and Salto and Rapid Heavy Draft breed mares. Results showed remarkable differences between the samples analysed, especially in total protein and fat content, fatty acid composition and protein fraction distribution. Quarter horse breed, as compared to the other breeds investigated, exhibited distinctive characteristics such as high main constituent content and high percentage of essential linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. Information obtained from this work may be considered as a starting point for carrying out further studies on individual breeds to promote a widespread use of mare's milk as an "alternative", therapeutic food product.


The actions of pyrethroid insecticides were tested on isolated giant axons of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, using oil-gap, single-fibre recording techniques. Current-clamp and voltage-clamp experiments were used to determine the actions of pyrethroids on axonal membrane potentials and ionic currents. Treatment with deltamethrin at micromolar concentrations caused gradual depolarisation of the axon accompanied by a reduction in amplitude of the action potential. This depolarisation was enhanced by an increase in stimulation frequency. Other synthetic pyrethroids: 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl (1RS)-cis-3-[(RS)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, biopermethrin and its (1S)-enantiomer, (1R)-tetramethrin, S-bioallethrin, bioresmethrin and its (1S)-enantiomer, cismethrin, and 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl (E)-(1R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (RU-15525, 'Kadethrin') were investigated. The (1S)-enantiomers were inactive, but all the other pyrethroids tested, apart from deltamethrin, induced prolonged negative (depolarising) after-potentials.

All the treatments with the active pyrethroids resulted in the appearance of a voltage and time-dependent 'maintained' sodium conductance. The duration of this 'slow' conductance varied considerably depending on the pyrethroid under test. Clearly, the effectiveness of pyrethroids on whole insects is not determined only by the degree to which they directly modify the properties of sodium channels. Nevertheless, voltage-clamp experiments on isolated axons readily permit direct comparison of the actions of different pyrethroids on the sodium channels of insect neurones.


Since the closing years of the19th century the two treatises of St Athanasius against Apollinaris have been regarded by some scholars as spurious. This view has been a matter of considerable debate because of its implications for the interpretation of St Athanasius' Christology. The first part of this dissertation examines the history of criticism from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, and outlines the major points of research which has to be undertaken in a re-examination of the case. Accordingly the dissertation proceeds with the examination of the External Witnesses (Part II), the Internal Evidence (Part III), the Style (Part IV), the doctrine of the Death of Christ (Part V), the doctrine of the Soul of Christ (Part VI) and finally the Christology of Athanasius and the two disputed treatises (Part VII). Particular emphasis is placed on the theological issues raised in this connection. Part V contains a re-examination of all the Athanasian texts on the Death of Christ, as well as in the two works under investigation. Part VI contains a full critical analysis of the modem scholarly debate on the Soul of Christ in Athanasius. Finally Part VII (the longest section of the dissertation) re-examines all the works of Athanasius on Christology with particular reference to the doctrine and terminology of the Incarnation. The above researches establish the conclusion that there are no fundamental problems to the traditional Athanasian paternity of the two Contra Apollinarem. The external Witnesses are many and important. The internal evidence shows that Athanasius is the possible author. The Style presents no divergencies. As for the doctrine it has been shown that it is Athanasian in outline and in many significant details.


An efficient magnetically coupled wireless power transfer system using a conical coil structure is presented. The use of conical inductors instead of traditional planar coils increases the self-resonance frequency of the transmitter resonator while maintaining the flux linkage to the receiver side. Electromagnetic (EM) and circuit simulation results predict an increase in the efficiency achieved by such wireless power transfer links as compared to systems that use planar inductors. The measurement results of a prototype three-coil structure built based on the conical structure confirm the validity of simulation results.


Agent-based and choice models represent two popular approaches for modelling recreational behaviours. While these approaches investigate similar research questions and focus on individual behaviours, there is no formal link between these approaches within outdoor recreation research. This article demonstrates an initial attempt to benefit from the marriage of agent-based and choice modelling approaches. After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, we illustrate our Landscape Fisheries Model. This model predicts the amount, timing, type, location and value of recreational fishing trips at a landscape scale. Choice models of participation and site choice decisions are used to guide the behaviours of the agents. The resulting model benefits from the virtual world of the agent-based model and the theoretical grounding of choice models.


An approach for evaluating uplift and dam foundation conditions, which resulted from the initial phases of an Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) study is presented. An earlier study found that uplift data is very limited and that misconceptions concerning uplift are widespread. This study includes the development of guidelines for core drilling, piezometer installation and laboratory testing for stability analyses of concrete gravity dams, field and laboratory work at a variety of concrete gravity dams, and collection of uplift data for different foundation conditions.


This paper presents results of experimental investigations on the frequency domains of cavitation-induced vibrations at an orifice plate and at a butterfly valve. These are two components that are often encountered in hydraulic installations. Orifice plates are usually used for measuring the flow rate, but they can also be used for restricting the flow. Butterfly valves are normally used to quickly shut off the flow and, to some extent, for throttling the flow (i.e. for adjusting the flow rate). Under certain operating conditions, cavitation and the accompanying damage can occur both at orifice plates and at butterfly valves. The results presented in this paper suggest that cavitation caused both by butterfly valves and by orifice plates seems to be indicated by high frequency vibrations having local maxima at roughly 18 kHz. From a practical point of view, these results could be used for preventive maintenance in industrial hydraulic installations.


ABSTRACT The introduction of new products, greater competitiveness-based export performances, and higher profits are three major benefits from technological change. We build on previous work that has identified 'virtuous circles' between R&D, innovation and profits in firms and industries [Bogliacino, F., and M. Pianta. 2013a. "Profits, R&D and Innovation: A Model and a Test." Industrial and Corporate Change 22 (3): 649–678; Bogliacino, F., and M. Pianta. 2013b. "Innovation and Demand in Industry Dynamics. R&D, New products and Profits." In Long Term Economic Development, edited by A. Pyka, and E. S. Andersen. Berlin: Springer., Bogliacino, F., M. Lucchese, L. Nascia, and M. Pianta. 2016a. "Modelling the Virtuous Circle of Innovation. A Test on Italian Firms" Industrial and Corporate Change. doi:10.1093/icc/dtw045.] and between R&D, innovation and exports [Guarascio, D., M. Pianta, M. Lucchese, and F. Bogliacino. 2015. "Business Cycles, Technology and Exports." Economia Politica – Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics 32 (2): 167–200; Guarascio, D., M. Pianta, and F. Bogliacino. 2016. "Export, R&D and New Products: A Model and a Test on European Industries." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 26 (4): 869–905.]. We test a model – with a Three Stage Least Squares methodology – using data at the industry level – for 39 manufacturing and service industries – for 6 major EU economies – Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom – over the period 1995–2011. Results confirm the presence of a 'virtuous circle' linking the gains from technology, and identify the specific role of additional variables and the presence of lags and feedbacks. Moreover, the relevance of differences between Northern and Southern European countries is examined, with separate estimations that shed new light on the heterogeneity of these relationships.


With the development of reforming the scheme of teaching in University, the author use several approaches to improve the teaching quality and train the ability of finding the problem and solving the problem in the Inorganic Chemistry Experiment for Pedagogic Student, considering the characteristic of major. These approaches have been found to be fruitful.


Combined with main supply links of natural gas,the analysis focuses on the difference and similarity of two pricing methods- cost pricing method and market netback method. Then based on the retrospective study about the pricing mechanism and the reform practical experience of natural gas in North America and Western Europe,the paper contrastively analyzes the status and the existing problem of gas pricing mechanism reform,followed by presenting some relative suggestions.


The storing sites and contents of triterpenoid saponins,and anatomical structure of Akebia quinata were studied by means of histochemical localization,light microscope and quantitative analysis.The results showed that the contents of triterpenoid saponins accumulated in vegetative organs are arranged in the order of leavesrootsstems,which was identical with the results from histochemical examination.As to the same vegetative organ,the content of saponins was varied in different developing stages,and the changing pattern was as follows:old leavesyoung stemsyoung rootsyoung leavesold rootsold stems.Saponins were stored in a certain part of the vegetative organs separately,with roots in secondary phloem and phelloderm,stems in cortex and secondary phloem,and leaves in palisade tissue.The primary xylem is diarch,and most of the vessel in secondary xylem which are rich in fibers,are pore,a few are pore chain.More phloem fibers are distributed in stem,fiber bundles beyond the primary phloem and fiber ring round secondary phloem.The leaves are bifacial.


The utility model relates to a mixed dam type structure of concrete dam and embankment dam. The utility model discloses a reduce the large tracts of land excavation of the opposite bank slope slide rock body, avoid the transportation of generous volume excavated material, the corresponding scale that reduces to abandon the sediment field, the construction investment of great improvement, ecological protection environment effectively embodies the good economic nature and the feature of environmental protection simultaneously. The utility model provides a: this structure has concrete dam section and embankment dam section, and the concrete dam section includes the basic curtain grouting corridor of the concrete dam body and concrete dam body bottom, and the embankment dam section includes the core -wall rock -fill dam of clay core and clay core both sides, and the concrete dam section links up the position with the embankment dam section and is equipped with the transition district, should link up the position both sides and arrange fan -shaped enrockment district, the transition district leans on the slope of embankment dam section side to be 1: N, N=1-2, fan -shaped enrockment district leans on the slope of concrete dam section side to be 1: K, K=1.8-2.5, the foundation grouting curtain has been put with the interior equipartition of clay core to basis curtain grouting corridor.


Contrary to serial replacement, parallel replacement problems force the decision maker to evaluate all replacement decisions together because of economic interdependencies among assets. In this paper, the authors describe a specific parallel replacement situation in which the economic interdependence among assets is caused by capital rationing. The research was motivated by the experience gained from a real vehicle fleet replacement study where solutions to serial replacement problems could not be implemented since they violated management's budget plan. When firms use budgets to control their expenditures, competition from the limited funds creates interdependent problems. In this paper, the authors formulate the problem as a zero-one integer program and develop a branch-and-bound algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation methodology. A multiplier method is developed to solve one Lagrangian dual.


Quasistatic nanoindentation is a proven tool that provides information on the micromechanical behavior of wood cell walls. However, quasistatic tests cannot probe the time-dependent mechanical behavior shown by wood. Nanoindentation dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA) can measure the viscoelastic properties of wood cell walls. This research aimed to study the quasistatic and viscoelastic properties of individual radiata pine wood (Pinus radiata D. Don) cell wall layers. To minimize variability and retrieve both properties at the same locations, a load function composed of a multiload-quasistatic function followed by dynamic reference frequency segments was developed. Nanoindentations were then performed on the S2 layer and compound corner middle lamella (CCML) of unembedded latewood cells. Because the S2 layer is anisotropic, both transverse and longitudinal–tangential wood planes were studied. In the transverse plane, the average results of the quasistatic elastic moduli Es for the S2 layer and CCML were 15.7 GPa and 4.6 GPa, respectively. In the longitudinal–tangential plane, the Es was 3.9 GPa. In the transverse section, the hardness H of the S2 layer and CCML were 331 MPa and 277 MPa, respectively, and in the longitudinal–tangential section H was 244 MPa. To acquire the viscoelastic properties, measurements were made over more than three decades of frequency. An increase of the storage modulus E′, and a reduction of the loss modulus E″ and loss factor tanδ as frequency increased were found in both wood orientations. The quasi-static and dynamic indentations equivalent at 0.1 Hz showed similar values for Es and E′. This study contributes to our knowledge of wood cell wall micromechanical properties.


Abstract : A series of decontamination tests, limited by improper weather conditions, was conducted using techniques of snow plowing, power sweeping, and fire hosing. The following evidence, based on the fragmentary information obtained during this test series, should be considered tentative and subject to change. The decontamination techniques of grading, sweeping, and hosing on applicable cold weather surfaces are less effective than the same techniques on corresponding temperate-weather surfaces. Mechanized sweeping and vacuum sweeping of packed snow an frozen soil are effective decontamination techniques. The possibly unique decontamination technique of water hosing packed snow and frozen soil is apparently without merit. Radiation dosage was kept to a minimum by the experimenters and no residual dosage problems were encountered. Normal camp activities were resumed 30 days after the conclusion of the testing period.


High‐resolution display bandwidth requirements often now exceed the capacity of display link channels necessitating compression. The goal of visually lossless compression codecs such as VESA DSC 1.2 is that viewers perceive no difference between the compressed and uncompressed images, maintaining long‐standing expectations of a lossless display link. Such low impairment performance is difficult to validate as artifacts are at or below sensory threshold. We have developed a 3D version of the ISO/IEC 29170‐2 flicker paradigm and used it to compare the effects of image compression in flat images presented in the plane of the screen (2D) to compression in flat images with a disparity offset from the screen (3D). We hypothesized that differences in the location and size of the compression errors between the disparate images in the 3D case would affect their visibility. The results showed that artifacts were often less visible in 3D compared to 2D viewing. These findings have practical applications with respect to codec performance targets and algorithm development for 3D movie, animation, and virtual reality content. In particular, higher compression should be attainable in stereoscopic compared to equivalent 2D images because of increased tolerance to artifacts that are binocularly unmatched or have disparity relative to the screen.


This article aims to determine the policies and problems that exist in Islamic primary and secondary education in Indonesia in Era 4.0. This research method uses library research with a qualitative approach. The authority of schools to manage themselves is given by the government to develop the potential that exists in schools so that there are several things that are the duty of the government in terms of education, one of which is education management as stated in Law no. 23 of 2014 that the district or city government manages basic education. The national education policy for Islamic basic education includes Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Madrasah Tsanawiyah which have been regulated in Minister of Religion Regulation No. 60 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Madrasah Education, paragraphs 4 and 5. Then the national education policy on secondary education includes Madrasah Aliyah and Vocational Madrasah which have been regulated in Minister of Religion Regulation No. 60 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Madrasah Education, paragraphs 6 and 7. The educational levels of MI, MTs, MA, and MAK are all under the auspices of the Minister of Religion. Islamic primary and secondary education in Indonesia in Era 4.0 include First, the lack of public interest in Islamic education. Second, the low quality of teachers, Third, government discrimination against the allocation of Islamic education funds. Fourth, Certificate oriented. Fifth, the low quality of each learning process management process in each educational unit.


The aim of the paper is to present a parallel simulator that allows one to use distributed algorithm to develop artificial neural networks. We developed an efficient parallel simulator to implement artificial neural networks. This simulator makes use of the parallel properties of connectionist models to make an efficient parallel implementation onto general purpose shared memory MIMD computers. Therefore, this simulator naturally leads to build (learning and generalising) neural algorithms that respect the large natural parallel aspects of these models.


The present study tested the role of attentional focus on control of voice fundamental frequency (F0). Subjects vocalized an "ah" sound while hearing their voice auditory feedback randomly shifted upwards or downwards in pitch. In the "UP" condition, subjects vocalized, listened for and pressed a button for each upward pitch shift stimulus. In the "DOWN" condition, subjects listened for and pressed a button for each downward shift. In the CONTROL condition, subjects vocalized without paying attention to the stimulus direction or pressing a button. Data were analyzed by averaging voice F0 contours across several trials for each pitch shift stimulus in all conditions. Response magnitudes were larger for the CONTROL than for the UP or DOWN conditions. Responses for the UP and DOWN conditions did not differ. Results suggest that when subjects focus their attention to identify specific stimuli and produce a non-vocal motor response conditional upon the identification, the neural mechanisms involved in voice control are reduced, possibly because of a reduction in the error signal resulting from the comparison of the efference copy of voice output with auditory feedback. Thus, focusing attention away from vocal control reduces neural resources involved in control of voice F0.


The present research examines links between adult attachment styles, working alliance, and treatment response in men and women receiving 16 sessions of supportive–expressive dynamic psychotherapy for major depression. 58 clients were assessed using the Relationship Questionnaire and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) prior to commencement of psychotherapy. The Working Alliance Inventory was completed in session 3, and the HRSD was readmi-nistered after six and 16 sessions. Results indicated that a high proportion (39%) of the sample reported 'fearful–avoidant' attachment at intake. Fearful avoidance also longitudinally predicted significantly more negative outcomes (particularly over the initial six sessions), but was unrelated to working alliance. Working alliance was unrelated to treatment response. Findings highlight the negative impact of fearful attachment on treatment response, but indicate that this occurs independent of the working alliance. The avoidance of intimacy for fear of rejection appears to impede successful psychotherapy, and treatment should be tailored for these clients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Restored shellfish reefs provide valuable habitat for fish, but it is not clear how different approaches affect performance, and either promote the development of new fish populations (i.e. "production") or simply attract individuals from the broader seascape (i.e. "attraction"). We measured the effects of a 1.5 ha shellfish reef restoration site on fish assemblages in Pumicestone Passage in eastern Australia, which contains replicates of six different restoration units: shell patch reefs, crates of shells, and biodegradable matrix, and each had replicates with and without live oysters. Fish were surveyed before restoration and then every 6 months for 30 months with baited (at restoration and control sites) and unbaited (at 106 sites across the seascape to detect potential fish attraction, and at the different restoration units) underwater cameras. Shellfish reef restoration represents an addition to the carrying capacity of Pumicestone Passage for fish for two key reasons. First, restoration significantly enhanced the diversity and abundance of fish assemblages and the density of harvestable fish at the restoration site by 3.8, 10.7, and 16.4 times, respectively. Second, fish distributions across the broader seascape did not change in response to succession at the restoration site. Fish assemblages did not differ between restoration units or the presence or absence of oysters. These findings further support the notion that restored shellfish reefs significantly enhance fish abundance and diversity and that restored reefs can enhance the overall carrying capacity of seascapes for fish, rather than simply centralizing them at restoration sites.


In a wide range of professional service firms, individuals perform a variety of tasks which are highly cognitive and knowledge intensive yet repetitive in nature, providing significant opportunities for learning. In addition, individuals in such environments tend to enjoy considerable discretion in managing when and how they perform their tasks. In light of these observations, we investigate task allocation and timing strategies that may enhance or inhibit learning and productivity for professional service workers. Specifically, we focus on the role of task variety. We use a detailed dataset of 3273 coronary artery bypass surgeries in a private European hospital over 7 years to examine the effect of concurrent and non‐concurrent exposure to task variety on learning and productivity on a focal task. We find that while concurrent exposure to variety has a positive impact on focal productivity, non‐concurrent exposure to variety has a negative impact on it. Our results also suggest that short‐term exposure to variety amplifies these relationships.


Abstract A combination of biomimetic in-bean experiments and spiking of green coffee beans with potential precursors was implemented to study formation pathways of several key odorants like 2-furfurylthiol (FFT) and alkylpyrazines during coffee roasting. Both labelled and unlabelled precursor molecules were used and the target analytes in the roasted coffee samples were analysed in terms of their isotope labelling pattern and their abundance. The biomimetic experiments elucidated that FFT is very likely not generated via 2-furaldehyde, which is in contrast to what was found in model studies. In addition, the incorporation of the arabinose C5-skeleton into FFT could not be confirmed, and our study showed that smaller arabinose fragments are integrated into the FFT molecule. In the second series of experiments, proposed pathways for the formation of alkylpyrazines were confirmed and the role of amino acids ( e.g. alanine) was underpinned. In conclusion, the results of the biomimetic in-bean experiments emphasised the potential of this methodology for the verification of formation pathways in complex food systems like coffee. Furthermore, it represents a tool for the evaluation of options to modulate the aroma profile of roast and ground coffee.


Objective To study the cytotoxicity of FUDR on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-1 and evaluate the radiosensitivity of noncytotoxic FUDR,and compare the efficacy with 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu).Methods The concentration suppression rate curve was established by using cell counting kit 8,and ID50 of FUDR and 5-Fu was calculated;then the radiosensitization of low concentration of FUDR and 5-Fu(1/5 ID50) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma line CNE-1 associated with radiotherapy was determined by clonogenic assay.Cell cycle of different groups was determined by flow cytometry.The expression of p53 was measured by Western blot analysis in 5-Fu and FUDR treated cells.Results The ID50 of FUDR and 5-Fu were 0.078 mg/mL and 0.509 mg/mL respectively from concentration suppression rate curve.Cell survival experiments showed the sensitivity enhancement ratio(SER) and SER2 of FUDR were 1.504 and 1.677,which were 1.159 and 1.287 of 5-Fu.The proportion of cells in S phase increased after 6,12,18,24 hours exposure to both FUDR and 5-Fu.The expression of p53 was significantly increased after FUDR and 5-Fu treatment,especially in FUDR treated cells.Conclusion Noncytotoxic concentration FUDR has better radiosensitization effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-1 than 5-Fu.The results of Western blot demonstrated that the expression of p53 were increased in 5-Fu and FUDR treated CNE-1 cells,especially in FUDR group.The radiosensitization is not related to the distribution of cell cycle and there was no statistical significance of the cell cycle distribution between FUDR and 5-Fu treated groups.


"Safe water, sanitation and hygiene" are necessities of life and are also imperative to reduce "child mortality" and sickness.1 The United Nations' Human Rights' Council adopted a binding resolution recognizing the human right to water and sanitation is a part of the right to adequate standard of living. India has met the millennium development goal (target 7c) to halve by 2015 those without access to an improved water source. However, achieving water safety and security for rural areas remains a challenge. Water quality problems are primarily caused by pollution and overexploitation. The National Rural Drinking Water Program aims "to provide every rural person with adequate and safe water for drinking, cooking, and other domestic basic needs on a sustainable basis."2 In West Bengal, the State VISION 2020 document highlights ensuring permanent drinking water security at 70 liter per capita day in rural West Bengal by 2020. Though 87,133 (91%) of habitations in West Bengal are fully covered with water supply, 5,448 (6%) habitations are quality affected due to chemical contamination (arsenic, fluoride, iron, and salinity), and microbiological quality remains widespread. Nearly 12% of water sources were found contaminated as per routine monitoring reports. In this paper, an attempt is made to highlight the overall rural drinking water quality situation in West Bengal. Issues and concerns toward ensuring adequate safe access to "safe drinking water" in rural sectors have also been discussed.


Ceramics in the system Al2O3-SrTiO3 are studied with a view to obtain microwave dielectrics with dielectric constant of about 10, a near zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) and high quality factor. Compositions having formula (1 − x)Al2O3-xSrTiO3 with x = 0.01 to 0.08 (by weight fraction) are prepared and characterized. The major phases in the sintered samples are Al2O3, SrTiO3 and SrAl12O19. Changes in the lattice parameters of Al2O3 and SrTiO3 with composition indicate some solid solution formation. The highest sintered density (95 to 96%) is obtained for the composition 5 wt% SrTiO 3 . The dielectric constant remains nearly unchanged. The Q for disc resonator decreases from ∼ 2078 to ∼927 with increasing SrTiO3 content. The TCF varies from −43 to 11.3 with increasing SrTiO3 from 1 wt% to 8 wt%. Thus it appears feasible to design compositions in this system with near zero TCF, high Q · f and a low dielectric constant.


This paper provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) in the context of ranging applications and assesses the precision and accuracy of UWB ranging from both a theoretical perspective and a practical perspective using real data. The paper begins with a brief history of UWB technology and the most current definition of what constitutes an UWB signal. The potential precision of UWB ranging is assessed using Cramer–Rao lower bound analysis. UWB ranging methods are described and potential error sources are discussed. Two types of commercially available UWB ranging radios are introduced which are used in testing. Actual ranging accuracy is assessed from line-of-sight testing under benign signal conditions by comparison to high-accuracy electronic distance measurements and to ranges derived from GPS real-time kinematic positioning. Range measurements obtained in outdoor testing with line-of-sight obstructions and strong reflection sources are compared to ranges derived from classically surveyed positions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential applications for UWB ranging.


Background. Etiology of chronic glomerular diseases is not completely known to the present day. A number of factors, including viral infections, are described. Aim of the study: determination of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (immunoglobulin (Ig) G to the nuclear and early antigen (AG), IgG and IgM to viral capsid AG), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (IgG, IgM), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (IgM, IgG), specific DNA fragments of herpes and polyomaviruses (BK and JC) in the blood serum and kidney tissue to clarify the role of viral infection in the development of glomerulopathies (GP) in children. Materials and methods. One hundred thirty children with primary and secondary GP were examined for the presence of antibodies and DNA fragments of herpes and polyomaviruses, including 42 recipients of the kidney transplant (Tx); 36 apparently healthy individuals were included in the control group. Ultrastructural analysis of kidney tissue for herpes viruses was performed. Results. IgM to HSV and IgM to CMV were detected in the sera of patients with secondary and primary GP more often than in controls (17.1 and 12.8 % vs. 0, 20 and 17 % vs. 5.5 %, respectively), and also children with Tx (vs. 0 % for HSV, 5 % for CMV, and 7 % for EBV, respectively). In 5 cases of secondary GP, IgM to 2 or more herpes viruses simultaneously were detected. In the blood serum of 24.4 % of children with secondary GP, both antibodies to EBV (IgG to early AG and IgM to viral capsid AG) and nucleic acids of HSV, CMV and EBV were detected. The ultrastructural analysis of 10 biopsy specimens showed the presence of type 1 and 2 HSV DNA in one case and CMV DNA in 2 cases. The features of the course of GP associated with herpetic infection are presented. Conclusions. Herpes viruses influence the development and course of the pathological process in chronic GP. The presented algorithm of virological examination of children with GP can be used in the practice of a nephrologist.


The aim of this study is to detect the presence of Avian Influenza antibody subtype H5 on stray cats (Felis silvestris catus) in several place in Surabaya such as Keputran traditional market, Turi traditional market, Pacar Keling traditional market, Wonokromo traditional market, Pucang traditional market, Keputih housing complex dan Sukomanunggal housing complex. Samples for HI test were isolated from sera of stray cats that have been added RDE (Reseptor Destroying enzyme) (3:1). HI test is positive when inhibition of agglutination is shown, that is signed by the erytrosite's precipitation on the base of microplate's wells.The result showed that from 40 samples, there were 7 samples (Keputeran traditional market, Wonokromo traditional market dan Sukomanunggal housing complex) that have Avian Influenza antibody subtype H5. The percentage of the presence of Avian Influenza antibody subtype H5 is 17,5.


A smart navigation system (an Electronic Travel Aid) based on an object detection mechanism has been designed to detect the presence of obstacles that immediately impede the path, by means of real time video processing. The algorithm can be used for any general purpose navigational aid. This paper is discussed, keeping in mind the navigation of the visually impaired, and is not limited to the same. A video camera feeds images of the surroundings to a Da- Vinci Digital Media Processor, DM642, which works on the video, frame by frame. The processor carries out image processing techniques whose result contains information about the object in terms of image pixels. The algorithm aims to select the object which, among all others, poses maximum threat to the navigation. A database containing a total of three sounds is constructed. Hence, each image translates to a beep, where every beep informs the navigator of the obstacles directly in front of him. This paper implements an algorithm that is more efficient as compared to its predecessors.


As part of the reform of teacher education in France, the Neopass@ction platform1 seeks to provide examples of actual teacher work at national level as distance self-training resources or institutionalised training with trainers or tutors. Neopass@ction is mostly based on video resources likely to significantly contribute to the professionalisation of beginning teachers. This paper examines the various training and support schemes available. Unlike some normative models based on the identification and dissemination of 'good practice', Neopass@ction resources are designed to emphasise the gradually changing activities and attitudes of beginners.


Abstract A thin layer of adhesive bonded between two stiff elastic plates of uniform thickness and triangular in shape is recommended as a test specimen for measuring cohesive or adhesive strength. A similar test was employed many years ago by Mostovoy et al. 1,2 but appears to have received little attention in the intervening period. Nevertheless, it has marked advantages in comparison with current ASTM tests in simplicity of construction and use. Examples are given using silicone rubber layers bonded between steel plates.


There is a rumour that in late 1991, during the final negotiations of the Treaty of Maastricht, the Spanish Prime Minister Felipe Gonzáles convinced the other heads of government to introduce citizenship of the European Union. Gonzáles is said to have pointed out that the ambitious goals of economic and monetary union could only be sold to voters if these could see themselves as citizens of Europe.


The invention discloses a gravity settling and multi-stage impact type inertial dust remover. The gravity settling and multi-stage impact type inertial dust remover comprises a conical dust-containing gas inlet (1), a conical dust-containing gas outlet (2) and multi-stage inclined and parallel baffles (3), wherein the conical dust-containing gas inlet (1) and the conical dust-containing gas outlet (2) are designed for uniform distribution of gas flow; the multi-stage inclined and parallel baffles (3) are arranged according to the structure of a settling chamber; the direction of dust-containing gas flow is rapidly changed by collision and impact with the multi-stage baffles, and by means of the own inertia effect of dust particles, the dust particles are separated from the gas flow. The gravity settling and multi-stage impact type inertial dust remover also comprises two conical ash hoppers (4) equal in size and shape, wherein the two conical ash hoppers are arranged at the lower part of the dust remover. Due to gravity settling and inertia effect, the dust particles flow out of the ash hoppers, and are trapped by ash hopper openings. Filtering cloth (5) is arranged at the position of the gas outlet close to the duct-containing gas, and the dust-containing gas flow passes through the filtering cloth, so that the dusts are separated by the filtering material and further the effect of purifying the gas is achieved.


In Australia at least, travel book sales are booming - especially shorter city guides. Katie Horner takes to the road to find out what's hot.


Background and Purpose—Hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare but potentially devastating complication after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative measurement of cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) and intraoperative measurement of internal carotid artery (ICA) flow could identify patients at risk for hyperperfusion after CEA. Methods—For 26 patients with unilateral ICA stenosis ≥70%, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CVR were investigated before and 1 month after CEA, with resting and acetazolamide-challenge single-photon emission CT. CBF on the first postoperative day was also measured. ICA flow was measured before and after reconstruction by electromagnetic flowmeter during surgery. Results—Ipsilateral CBF on the first postoperative day significantly increased relatively (56.6±53.2%) as well as absolutely (37.9±8.8 to 57.7±18.0 mL/100 g per minute) in the reduced CVR group (CVR <12%) but not in the normal CVR group (CVR ≥12%) (10.3±15.5% and 40.6±7.9 to 43.9±5.7 m...


Aiming at the problem of insufficient text feature extraction in the existing short news text classification methods for identifying marketing intentions and difficulty in capturing the semantic information in the text, a short text news marketing recognition method based on the attention mechanism neural network model is proposed. The model uses convolutional neural network to extract local features, and then uses bidirectional long and short-term memory network to extract contextual semantic information, strengthens the learning of features, and introduces a double-layer attention mechanism to calculate feature weights to further obtain influential features between sentences. Finally, perform text classification at the softmax function layer. Through experiments on two standard data sets, the experimental results show that this method has better classification performance, and has a significant improvement in accuracy compared with other models.


PURPOSE: A vibrating device of a wireless terminal is provided to reduce a production cost of the vibrating device by using a linear driving method. CONSTITUTION: An electromagnet(100) is formed by winding coils(102) around an outer circumference of a steel core(101). The direction of magnetic force generated from the iron core(101) is varied according to a direction of current when AC power is applied to the coils(102). A vibrator(120) is slid by the varied direction of magnetic force. A guide bar(110) is combined with both ends of the steel core(101) in order to guide the vibrator(120). The guide bar(110) is formed by a nonconductor. The first and the second permanent magnets(130a,130b) are fixed to both ends of the vibrator(120). A stopper portion is formed by inserting the first and the second coil springs(140a,140b) into the guide bar(110) between the first and the second permanent magnets(130a,130b) and the steel core(101).


The tone categories of the loanwords in Miao-Yao form strict correspondences with those of the middle ancient Chinese.The similar typological tone pattern lays a solid foundation for the correspondences.During the four-tone period,the borrowers discriminate the loanwords mainly by their intensity and length;while during the eight-tone period,they also differentiate them by intensity and length,with the help of tone value difference between voiceless and voiced initials and the voiced aspiration.In modern times,with the phonological development,tone correspondences collapse.The disappearance of the entering tone and the word-stress of the disyllabic loanwords lead to the decline of the intensity and length,and the rise of the pitch.


Public Health Wales and Bangor University have recently published the results of the Stay Well in Wales survey, Chris Parr reports on the findings.


'' PROCEDURES TO CALIBRATE AND OPERATE AN ANALYTE TEST INSTRUMENT TO DETERMINE THE DATE AND TIME OF EVENTS IN A REAL INSTRUMENT ANALYTE TESTING, AND CONTROL THE OPERATION OF AN ANALYTE TEST INSTRUMENT ''. An analyte test instrument with calibration processes and improved communication. The instrument employs a calibration process that allows him to communicate with a plurality of storage data strips. A data storage strip that includes a memory device is inserted into the test instrument orifice. The data storage strip is identified, and the instrument establishes communication with the data storage strip using a protocol corresponding to the data storage strip. Second, the instrument employs a process to ensure that the instrument is operated using valid calibration strips and test strips. The instrument determines whether one or more test parameters stored in the instrument is invalid for a test strip inserted into the test instrument orifice. If a test parameter is invalid, an invalid parameter strip indication is displayed on the screen. Finally, the instrument uses a process to determine the actual data and the time of the events that occurred before the instrument is provided with time and current data.