The energy of a graph is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Two graphs are said to be equienergetic if they have same energy. A graph is said to be complementary equienergetic if it is equienergetic with its complement. In this paper, we characterize the strongly regular graphs, which are complementary equienergetic. In addition, by means of Cartesian and strong graph products, we construct equienergetic graphs using complementary equienergetic graphs.


Recent years have seen the establishment of numerous spatially bounded regeneration agencies in the United Kingdom, prominent amongst which have been urban development corporations (UDCs). Attempts to evaluate such agencies have so far focused almost exclusively upon the impacts within formally delimited areas and have neglected to consider the effects on surrounding nondesignated areas. In this paper, an attempt is made to address this by devising a technique for assessing the wider effects of spatially bounded regeneration agencies and programmes. Drawing from a government-commissioned evaluation of UDCs at Leeds, Bristol, and Central Manchester, we explore the extent to which government intervention in delimited areas has generated a net beneficial impact on the wider local economies of the three cities. By use of data on the nature of vacancy chains for commercial properties in the three UDCs and in their respective surrounding areas, an attempt is made to measure the degree of displacement or additionality engendered by UDC activities.


Because of the growing interest in noise abatement through the shielding of aircraft component noise (including
engine noise), there has been, in the past few years, an increased necessity for the development of appropriate
evaluation methodologies for the shielding properties of new aircraft designs. Progress in this domain is necessary to
develop technologies which allow the accurate prediction of the noise reduction potential of an aircraft design. Part
of DLR's effort, in this respect, is focused on the development and application of a laser-generated reference sound
source. While most applications of this type of sound source deal with very high intensity, non-linear, shock-like
phenomena, here the focus is on generating an isentropic sound source as a valuable tool to realize dedicated
shielding experiments in a non-intrusive manner. Due to its small size, its non-intrusiveness and its monopole
character, the laser source is also very well suited for the assessment of sensors transfer function in a wind tunnel
environment. Its application in hybrid anechoic wind tunnels also provides appealing prospects.
The laser sound source was shown to display the characteristics of a moving monopole i.e. a sound source
convecting with the surrounding medium [1]. Experimental evidences presented revealing that the laser sound
source displays, in fact, the characteristics of a moving monopole i.e. a sound source convecting with the
surrounding medium are presented. A solution to the convected wave equation for a moving point heat source in a
uniform subsonic flow is derived, providing i) means for an appropriate scaling of experimental results and ii) an
appropriate closed-form sound source easily reproducible in numerical simulations.
In order to establish a sound aeroacoustic shielding database for a firsthand validation of acoustic prediction codes, a
set of interrelated aeroacoustic shielding tests were planned and executed [2]. The emphasis was put on an extensive
2D diffraction study of NACA 0012 airfoil. These studies laid the groundwork for which the characterization of
acoustic shielding properties of actual aircraft geometries was done. The 2D shielding tests presented herein were
conducted in DLR's Acoustic Wind Tunnel Braunschweig (AWB), ONERA's F2 Low-Speed Wind Tunnel and
NASA's Quiet Flow Facility (QFF)[3] for nominally the same test conditions in order to learn about the
measurement scatter across different facilities. A major objective of this study was to determine how consistent the
measured data would be across the three facilities, since each has a different test section configuration. The AWB
and QFF have, respectively, a fully open and partially open test section, while the F2 tunnel has a closed hard-wall
test-section.
The aim of this oral presentation is thus to give an overview of the current development status of the laser sound
source methodology developed at DLR. Aspects of numerical and experimental realizations as well as analytical
representation will be discussed. The content of this oral contribution was already, in part, presented at the 21st and
24th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conferences [1][2] and at the STAB symposium 2018 [4]


This paper is a study of a fragment of folklore that became assimilated into serious academic discussion; it investigates the story that John Lord Hussey, who was executed in Lincoln following the Lincolnshire Rising of 1536, was dragged to his execution through a window. If it were true, this would be an early example of the iconography of 'defenestration' which, by the seventeenth century, connoted the martyrdom of adherents of the Old Religion by Protestant extremists. On examination, however, the persistent story of Lord Hussey's defenestration would seem to be a post hoc fabrication. It is argued here that the story may have been invented in the early eighteenth century, at a period when there was, once again, strife between High and Low Church, and when accounts of previous religious controversies were being recruited by antiquarians as weapons in their contemporary disputes. It is further suggested that the power of the image was still strong in the nineteenth century and it might have played a role in the preservation of a window in Lincoln Castle, even though it had no documented association with Hussey and is too small to climb through.


The inequalities between the numbers of orbits of action of the automorphism group of a finite graded partially ordered set on the levels are obtained. The proofs are based on the notion of Δ-reduced algebras of binary functions introduced in the paper. These algebras are analogies of the Δ-reduced incidence algebras of finite partially ordered sets.


2-Hydroxypyridine-N-oxide (HOPNO) is described as a new and efficient transition-state analog (TS-analog) inhibitor for the mushroom tyrosinase with an IC(50) = 1.16 microM and a K(I) = 1.8 microM. Using the binuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(2)(BPMP)(mu-OH)](ClO(4))(2) (2) known as a functional model for the tyrosinase catecholase activity, we isolated and fully characterized a 1:1 (2)/OPNO adduct in which the HOPNO is deprotonated and chelates only one Cu-atom of the binuclear site in a bidentate mode. On the basis of these results, a structural model for the tyrosinase inhibition by HOPNO is proposed.


Abstract International criminal law is being pulled in different directions by various conflicting considerations – deterrence, retribution, justice for victims, reconciliation, and setting the historical record. This trend is detrimental to the survival of the system as it erodes coherence and undermines its legitimacy. One may suggest that international criminal law needs a principle objective to bring order to the system. This article argues that while this statement may be true, it is equally important to have a discussion about pragmatic policy choices underlying the system. Acknowledging that the role of international criminal law is symbolic assists with constraining over-ambition implicit in the discipline. Treating symbolism as a policy consideration places necessary checks on other goals proclaimed by international courts and UN executive bodies and also serves as a tool informing the exercise of discretion in international criminal law.


††† Summary: This paper deals with the introduction and designing of a buffer manager, which is a part of the quality manager of the client. The aim of designing buffer manager is to prevent the buffer from overflowing, under flowing, control the jitter and send the congestion indication signals to the server. When the play out buffer indicates buffer overflow, it is not possible for the decoder to decode all frames with in stipulated time, then some of the low quality frames will be dropped. To drop frames, an algorithm named as 'Balanced Frame Drop' is proposed in this paper.. The congestion indication mechanism at receiver has been discussed in this paper. If the number of packets loss is greater than the threshold value, then it is treated as another indication for congestion. Jitter can cause jerkiness in playback due to the failure of some samples to meet their presentation deadlines. The use of buffering effectively extends the presentation deadlines for all media samples and in most cases practically eliminates playback jerkiness due to delay jitter. The playback buffer reduces the number of packets that arrived with in their playback deadline. The extended presentation deadlines for the media samples allow retransmission to take place when packets are lost; it is possible through playback buffer and play out scheduler.


With the release of ShockWave, MacroMedia Director animations can now be incorporated directly into Web pages to provide high quality animation and interactivity, to support, for example, tutorial style questions and instantaneous feedback. This paper looks at the application of this technique in the translation of a traditional computer-based tutorial, Ariadne's Thread, into an online version. A significant change was evident in its development and implementation processes and impact on the student learning and departmental infrastructure. This change was seeded in part by the increased modularity and open delivery of online Web materials, and in part by the development of specialized interactive learning devices and support tools. In particular, the shift from authoring to writing tools has moved the locus of project control from the technical to educational, involving teachers more directly in development and implementation. A simultaneous shift from a development-centered project approach to one that is implementation-focused, has increased the potential of responding to learning needs on an ongoing basis. Five figures illustrate the program. (AEF) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** An Implementation of Interactive Objects on the Web Paul Fritze Centre for the Study of Higher Education The University of Melbourne email@example.com Interactivity on the Web has until r xently been accomplished with HTML forms and CGI scripts, lacking the responsiveness of stand-alone computer programs and consequently limiting the effectiveness of learning interactions. With the release of ShockWave, (2) MacroMedia Director animations can now be incorporated directly into Web pages to provide high quality animation and interactivity, to support for example, tutorial style questions and instantaneous feedback. This paper looks at the application of this technique in the translation of a 'traditional' computer-based tutorial into an on-line version. Further, a simple authoring front-end to these interactive elements makes it possible to capitalise on the Web's modularity and potential for efficient development and implementation. It is apparent that changes in roles and responsibilities of all participants can result from this approach. The tutorial, 'Ariadne's Thread', was originally designed to reduce the load on Library staff and lecturers by increasing the library skills of first year Arts students (Jones & Fritze, 1996). It was developed in HyperCard by the Interactive Multimedia Learning Unit of the University in conjunction with University librarians and lecturers from the Faculty of Arts. The main areas of focus were use of the catalogue system and interpretation of reading list citations. Each topic area in figure 1 consists of several screens employing a combination of information and interactive questions. A mythological metaphor supported the navigational structure of the program, providing a 'thread', hopefully not mythical, to assist students in making their way through the 'maze' of the Library. The program was developed and tkialed during 1994 and scheduled computer laboratory sessions organised by library staff were first offered to students on a voluntary basis in 1995. U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (Ace Or Educational Research and Irnpro.ernent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC; O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent offidial OERI position or policy t About


Abstract : A new technique has been developed for measuring the selfdiffusion coefficients of liquids. Inactive and labelled samples of the liquid are contacted in a long capillary cell, and the extent of diffusion at suitable time intervals determined by means of a collimated scintillation counter. Experimental details and possible errors are discussed. The method has been tested with liquid mercury. The result agrees with the work of Nachtrieb and Petit, but is significantly lower than measurements by the capillary cell technique. Possible reasons for this are discussed. (Author)


The present investigation examined test-retest MMPI profile patterns for two highly similar groups of hardcore heroin addicts: 30 clients admitted to 6-mo. hospitalization in the NIMH Clinical Research Center, Fort Worth and 28 addicts confined approximately 6 wk. in an inpatient hospital setting. MMPI changes following hospitalization were characterized by decreases in scale scores on almost every clinical scale with higher elevations on scales reflecting ego strength and personal guardedness. Elevations on Scales Pd and Ma remained relatively constant over intake and discharge conditions, while scores on Scales Hs and Hy were particularly sensitive to changes in circumstance. Although both conditions produced diagnostic signs of general improvement, changes in personality functioning appeared to be most dramatic in the shorter, more intensive treatment condition.


The nine letters to be discussed here were written by George Theotokas (1905-1966) in the space of ten months, that is, between the 20th of December 1922 and the 14th of October 1923. This was the first year he spent in Greece and also his first year at the University of Athens where he studied law. Indeed, eight of these letters were sent from Athens and one (No. 8) from Leros where he stayed for part of his summer holidays. The recipient was Sophoclis Dimitriadis, an old school-friend. During the same period Dimitriadis was first in Vienna following a course of commercial studies, then back in Constantinople and finally in Bucharest for business reasons as the family firm had connections there. His own letters in reply have not been found nor indeed any of those which, presumably, Theotokas wrote to him in subsequent years. In the latter instance, the only exception is a card dated 13 September 1947 where he expresses regret for having seen Dimitriadis only once during that summer and explains that he had been too preoccupied with his father's illness. In fact, although their interests and professional lives were quite different (Theotokas a lawyer but first and foremost a writer, Dimitriadis a businessman), it seems that they never lost touch altogether but made a point of meeting every so often until, that is, Dimitriadis' premature death in 1964, two years before that of Theotokas.


It is frequently alleged that health care workers with higher than statistically normal fear of death are, in virtue of that characteristic, ill equipped to render optimal care to the terminally ill. The plausibility of this claim rests on anumber of highly dubious claims about the nature and status of death anxiety and its relation to the phenomenon of death denial. I argue that the fear of death is not nearly so undesirable as supposed, that it may well be psychologically unavoidable, grounded in the human condition, and by and large altogether reasonable. Moreover, it is seriously confusing to equate the fear of death with the denial of death. Once we are clear about these matters, it can be seen that not merely is the fear of death compatible with the capacity to render quality care to the dying, but such care is unlikely to be given by those who do not candidly and honestly acknowledge the reality of their own fear and struggle to avoid denial.


The paper presents the study on the effectiveness of ship propulsion devices based on model tests conducted in the open water experimental set up. The influence of the water depth to draft ratio and distance from the vertical tight wall on the hydrodynamic forces generated by the propellers on the ship hull was investigated. The interaction effects observed for the twin propeller ship in bollard pull condition were compared with the effects induced by single propeller vessels available in literature and discussed with respect to the mathematical modelling of hydrodynamic forces generated on the hull by ship propulsion devices.


209 patients with vulvar disease were examined, 99.33% of the women were identified to have genital infection with prevalence of fungi Candida. All the patients diseases were of a chronic nature, which was confirmed by bacteriological and vulvoscopic exams.


Palladium is one of platinum group elements present in the nature at very low concentrations. However with the use of this element in the automobile catalyzers Pd became a new pollutant. Besides, Pd has been studied in the preparation of new antitumour drugs. Consequently, there is a need to determine Pd concentrations in biological and environmental samples. This study presents palladium results obtained in the analysis of biological samples and reference materials using instrumental thermal and epithermal neutron activation analysis (INAA and ENAA). The solvent extraction and solid phase extraction separation methods were also applied before ENAA. The samples analyzed in this study were, reference material BCR 723–Palladium, Platinium and Rhodium in road dust, CCQM-P63 automotive catalyst material of the Proficiency Test and bovine tissue samples containing palladium prepared in the laboratory. Samples and palladium synthetic standard were irradiated at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor under thermal neutron flux of about 4 x 10 12 n cm s, during a period of 4 and 16 h for INAA and ENAA, respectively. The induced gamma activity of Pd to the sample and standard was measured using a hyperpure Ge detector coupled to a gamma ray spectrometer. The palladium concentration was calculated by comparative method. The gamma ray energy of Pd radioisotope measured was of 88.0 keV, located in a spectrum region of low energy where occurs the interference of X rays, "bremsstrahlung" radiations, as well as Compton effect of Na. The pre-separation of palladium from interfering elements by solvent extraction was performed using dimethylglyoxime complexant and chloroform as diluent. In the case of the pre separation procedure using solid reversed phase column, the palladium was retained using N,N-diethyl-N'-benzoyl thiourea complexant and eluted using ethanol.


Abstract The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) were established by the United Nations in 1993 and 1994 to apprehend and try individuals suspected of committing war crimes including genocide. The crimes that are prosecuted by these courts are the same, and the structure of the tribunals is also similar (indeed, they both share the same appellate court). However, the mandate of the ICTR is much more narrow and is limited both in terms of the period of time under investigation (one calendar year) as well as being limited to crimes that were committed only in Rwanda. Given the mandate and structure of these tribunals, many question their effectiveness. This article examines these tribunals and measures effectiveness by examining not only the number of indictments that have been handed down but the actual number of individuals apprehended. One of the criticisms of both tribunals is that the lack of success in apprehending suspects diminishes the deterrent effect of the tribunals. Based on a case study of the ICTY and the ITCR, we find that the lack of effective apprehension has reduced the deterrent effect of the tribunals and provided one of the primary justifications for the creation of an international criminal court.


Kaolinite is a common clay mineral. It is a nanomaterial with a platelet crystalline structure. In order to analyze the behavior of kaolinite, its microscopic structure and material properties must be specified correctly. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used for determining the microscale properties of hydrated kaolinite, and these properties are introduced into a multiscale homogenization analysis (HA). We previously developed such an MD/HA technique to investigate seepage, diffusion, sorption and consolidation in bentonite clay (Proceedings of the Science Basis for Nuclear Waste Management, Davos, Switzerland, vol. XXI. Material Research Society: Warrendale, PA, 1997; 359–366; Eng. Geol. 1999; 54:21–31; Eng. Geol. 2001; 60:127–138; Coupled Thermo‐Hydro‐Mechanical‐Chemical Processes in Geo‐systems. Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2005; 457–464). We here apply the method to kaolinite clay to investigate the permeability, diffusion and related similitude law. The obtained results are supported by existing experimental data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As improving air safety has always been the ultimate goal for the airline industry, Safety Management System (SMS) gains enormous attention for its systematic concepts and implementation. This qualitative paper reveals the perception gaps in the SMS execution between frontline employees and their immediate supervisors in the airline industry. The most representative crews in the airline industry including cockpit crew, cabin crew and maintenance crew are interviewed. The results advise airlines of the necessity to further redeem the policies, procedures and audit action of the SMS execution based upon the authentic feedback from the frontline employees.


itral valve prolapse is generally benignand may even be beneficial for some individuals in view of the low body weight and blood pressure commonly associated with it,but it is well documented by studies of selected patients cared for at university hospitals that mitral prolapse may predispose to serious complications, including severe mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and sudden death.2,3 Estimates of the risk of such complications based on clinical studies may be seriously biased, however, by factors causing severely affected patients to be referred to physicians engaged in clinical research.4 Even controlled studies that have estimated the relative risk of mitral regurgitation or infective endocarditis in individuals with mitral valve prolapse5,6 have not provided information on the actual risk of these complications in unselected adults with this condition. Recently, however, progress has been made in quantifying the overall risk of infective endocarditis and identifying subgroups at particularly high risk of this complication. Studies from Sydney, Australia,7 and from New York8 have calculated the annual risk of endocarditis to be in the range of 1 in 5,000-7,000 among all adults with mitral prolapse and -1 in 2,000 among those with a murmur of mitral regurgitation. Other risk factors for bacterial endocarditis complicating mitral valve prolapse include male gender and older age.6-8 In addition to these data linking mitral regurgitation to an increased risk of infective endocarditis in adults with mitral valve prolapse, other lines of evidence suggest the central importance of mitral regurgitation in determining the clinical severity of this condition. Thus, in recent reports of patients with pure, severe mitral regurgitation, from 38% to 64% have had mitral valve prolapse as the underlying etiology,6.9-'3 making mitral prolapse the most common cause of this hemodynamic lesion in industrialized countries at present. Furthermore, complex ventricular arrhythmias and the risk of sudden death in patients with mitral valve prolapse are heavily concentrated among those with severe mitral regurgitation.14-16 However, no data have been available concerning the actual risk of an adult with mitral valve prolapse developing severe mitral regurgitation. The study by D.E.L. Wilcken and A.J. Hickey (Circulation 1988;78:10-14) represents an important step toward correcting this situation by estimating that approximately 4% of men and 1.5% of women with mitral valve prolapse will require corrective mitral valve surgery by age 70. Because these estimates may be expected to be used in practice to advise patients of the risk of their condition as well as in designing future research studies, it is important to examine both the validity ofthe underlying assumptions and the likelihood that the results may be correctly extrapolated to the United States or other similar countries. This study derived its estimates of risk by comparing the number of patients in various age and sex groups who had prolapsed mitral valves replaced in the Australian state ofNew South Wales in 1982 with the number of adult residents of this state expected to have mitral prolapse. While no "gold standard" exists for the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse, the criteria of valvular redundancy and thickening without restriction of motion, supported by the finding of myxomatous changes in all cases examined microscopically, is standard and reasonable. 17 Case ascertainment was facilitated by concentration of cardiac valvular surgery in New South Wales in 1982 at five university hospitals but might have been incomplete (resulting in understatement of the risk of mitral valve surgery associated with mitral prolapse) if any residents of this state went elsewhere in Australia (e.g., Melbourne) for surgery. While the male predominance (36 of 50 patients, or 72%) among the prolapse patients undergoing surgery in the study by Wilcken and Hickey is striking, it is in line with the finding of other investigators that men comprised approximately two thirds of mitral valve prolapse patients with severe mitral regurgitation.6.'1-13 18-2' The only one of the authors' assumptions that is likely to be in error is, as they discussed, that mitral valve prolapse is equally prevalent among men and


The features of the Helicobacter pylori pathogen diagnosis in the human gastrointestinal tract using Raman spectroscopy are described. The estimation of the Raman gas analyzer resolution was conducted. Experimental measurement of a gas mixture with a known composition has been carried out.


director of the Columbian National Life Insurance Company and the Liberty Mutual Life Insurance Company, and president of the Franklin Foundation. Mr. Morss was one of the "Founder Members" of the Business Historical Society, having joined it in March 1926. During this period of affiliation with the Society, he was most helpful in expanding the interests of the organization. With the passing of Mr. Morss, the Society has lost a friend who will be sadly missed by his associates.


while the other focuses on the destructive force of the atomic bomb. Each painting employs imagery that is closely akin to the diagrams and maps used in the press to illustrate nuclear power after the bombing of Hiroshima. Nuclear II features a simple circle reminiscent of scientific diagrams that explain nuclear processes. Nuclear I, CH offers a maplike grid, as if seen from a bird's-eye perspective. Yet, in important ways, the paintings transcend their models, evoking the power of the atom and linking that power to a human dimension.6 When Moholy-Nagy (fig. 6) produced these two compositions, he had personal reasons for harboring mixed feelings about nuclear science. His move to Chicago from London was prompted by an invitation to head a new design school sponsored by the Association of Arts and Industries, an organization dedicated to cultivating a closer relationship between designers and manufacturers. The "New Bauhaus," as it came to be called, was to be patterned after the famous Bauhaus in Dessau, Germany, where Moholy-Nagy had taught from 1923 until 1928. Although a self-trained artist, his zealous advocacy of modernism and his reputation not only as a successful educator and a prolific painter but also as a photographer, sculptor, and designer gave former Bauhaus director Walter Gropius full confidence in recommending MoholyNagy as "the best man you can get" for the new post in Chicago. His years in Chicago, however, proved to be rocky. When the backers of the original project lost interest after a brief trial, MoholyNagy opened his own School of Design in 1939, reorganizing it in 1944 as the Institute of Design. Fundraising, day-today administration, recruitment of faculty and students, and his creative workboth as a visual artist and writer-consumed enormous time and energy.7 His wife, Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, believed that such professional demands were at least indirectly responsible for his serious illness in 1945. Feeling increasingly exhausted that fall, he refused to seek medical advice for what he thought was merely overwork. When he finally received attention, the cancer had progressed so far that his life was in jeopardy. Hospitalized and quickly diagnosed in late November, Moholy-Nagy began treatment for his leukemia immediately with a combination of transfusions and ten radiation treatments. Sibyl recalled his treatment as 25 American Art 1 Carey Orr, "Which One's Grave," Chicago Tribune, 12 August 1945, p. 1 2 Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Nuclear I, CH, 1946. Oil, 96.5 x 76.6 cm (38 x 30 in.). Art Institute of Chicago, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Leigh B. Block an "agonizing" experience, the radiation causing temporary but devastating illness when her husband's "body trembled for hours." To their immense relief, however, improvement was surprisingly rapid, and by Christmas his leukemia appeared to be in remission. When he arrived home, he felt "infinite gratitude" at having his health restored, but memories of the horrendous radiation treatments remained with him as an unforgettable ordeal.8 His experience with radiation no doubt gave Moholy-Nagy a unique appreciation for the avalanche of new reports about both the promises of nuclear science and special dangers of the atomic bomb. Initial accounts from Hiroshima and Nagasaki focused on the enormous


This dissertation examines concepts such as gender, teaching, devaluation in the teaching profession, and the construction of the concept of teaching within a gender-related viewpoint as the main objective. This research was based in qualitative research and an Action-Research methodology and, in extremis, we worked with the iconographic methodology in order to know how students conceptualize male and female professors in a genre point of view.
It also involved observation to students and some interviews to both female and male teachers in order to explore how each actor constructs their image from a gender-related viewpoint. This research took place in Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Queretaro, Plantel 13 in Delegacion de Epigmenio Gonzalez, in the afternoon shift.
The importance of this study is based in clear objectives that lead us through the conceptualization of teaching as a gender perspective and how the teacher with their speech, motivation to students, their pedagogy and didactics made possible that their students build an image of the female teacher and the male teacher respectively.


We have established a monolayer culture system for human fallopian tube epithelial cells. The cells were isolated from tubes using collagenase digestion, and were cultured in Ham's F‐10 supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum. The epithelial cells derived from culture were characterized using immunocytochemical staining and electron microscopy. These cells were stained with antikeratin and anti‐epithelial membrane antigen, but showed no staining after treatment with antivimentin. Electron microscopy showed many microvilli on the cell surface and tight junctions or desmosomes at areas of cell‐cell contact. Cell proliferation was enhanced by epidermal growth factor, but not by fibroblast growth factor, insulin, transferrin, estradiol‐17β, or progesterone.


stable reactive Aqueous dispersions of grafted functionalized polyorganosiloxanes consisting of grafted copolymer units derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer capable of free radical polymerization and of a functionalized polyorganosiloxane containing similar or different units of formula (I) (CF DRAWING iN BOPI) wherein: - the symbols R represents an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl; - the symbols X represent a hydrogen atom or a reactive function linked to a silicon atom by an Si-C or Si-OC; - the symbols Y represent an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon radical bonded to a silicon atom of the unit of formula (I) by an Si-C bond and capable of reacting by a radical route with said or said monomer (s) ethylenically unsaturated (s); - a, b and c are 0, 1, 2, or 3; - a + b + c = 0, 1, 2 or 3; the content of units SiO4 / 2 being less than 30 mol%; the number of units of formula (I) in which the silicon atom carries a function X and / or a residue Y is such that said polyorganosiloxanes contain - at least 5 milliequivalents, preferably from 10 to 500 milliequivalents, of functions X per 100 grams of polyorganosiloxane of formula (I), - at least 5 milliequivalents, preferably from 10 to 500 milliequivalents of Y residues per 100 grams of polyorganosiloxane of formula (I). Use said aqueous dispersions of grafted functionalized polyorganosiloxanes for producing silicone compositions curable under the action of heat, radiation, electron beam ... and / or using a catalyst.


(57) Abstract: having a molecular weight of about 50-55kD as measured by pH optimum and gel filtration from about 3.6 to 4.2, the new purified xylanase is disclosed as produced by A Sid Therm scan sp. Disclosed xylanase is useful for the treatment of bleaching and feed composition of the pulp for making paper.


The main objective of this research is to conduct stress analysis calculations and modeling of a MCR for Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis with the aim to build an optimized lab-scale micro-channel reactor (MCR) in our laboratory. 2-D and 3-D models were used for stress analysis calculations in a MCR containing 10 channels and provided with two 10-mm diameter hole for gas entrance and exit. The analyses, including total deformations, von Mises stresses and principal stresses, were calculated with ANSYS using the Finite Element Method. Two different construction materials for the MCR, namely Plexiglas and 316 Stainless Steel were considered in the calculations. Also, a 2-D pseudo-homogeneous dispersion model was built in MATLAB to investigate F-T synthesis using cobalt catalyst in the MCR. The effects of superficial syngas velocity and H2/CO ratios on the CO conversion were investigated. This study led to the following conclusions:
1. The 2-D stress analysis model predicted the failure of the MCR inlet surface by evaluating the elastic plastic fracture mechanics of the structure. The 3-D stress analysis showed that the maximum stresses exhibited within the structure were generally lower than the maximum yield strength of both Plexiglas and Stainless steel.
2. Increasing the inlet superficial gas velocity decreased the CO conversion and the temperature distribution in the MCR. The highest CO conversion and temperature values were exhibited at the centerline of the reactor. The temperature gradients decreased significantly with increasing superficial gas velocity. Decreasing the H2/CO ratio of the feed systematically decreased the CO conversion throughout the packed-channel, whereas increasing the H2/CO ratio resulted in higher and steeper CO conversion contours. The hydrocarbons yield was determined to be 3.84 bbl/day for 3600 channels with dimensions of 4 mm x 4 mm x 150 mm operating at P = 25 bar, T = 483 K, H2/CO ratio of 2, and a superficial inlet velocity of 0.05 m/s, the yield was also determined to be 4.24 bbl/day when operating at a superficial velocity of 0.01 m/s.


The views and analysis expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs.


Chapy impact test was used to investigate the method to confirm notch locations for impact sepcimens of high frequency welded(HFW) pipes,especially discussed how to confirm notch locations when the weld centre line was not verical to the specimen centre line(the weld seam was oblique).The results show that sepcimens with two types of notch location were prepared when weld seam was oblique.One type was that the bottom of notch located in the intersection point of the specimen centre line and the line 2 mm from the side surface,and was on the line vertical to the specimen centre line.The other type was that the notch bottom located in the intersection point of the specimen centre line and the weld center line,and was on the line vertical to the specimen centre line.The smaller value of test results was regarded as impact absorbed energy of weld seam in two specimens,and this specimen was just the impact specimen of weld seam.


Abstract:  The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revolutionized the field of diagnostics, and today it has routine applications in medical, veterinary, forensic and botanical sciences. The fields of biological control and insect pest management have generally been slow to adopt PCR‐based diagnostics in comparison with other fields of science. However, there has been increasing interest in the use of molecular diagnostic tools in arthropod biological control. In applied entomology, molecular techniques have generally been used for insect identification and systematics; however, PCR‐based techniques are increasingly becoming recognized as valuable tools in ecological studies. Here, we review research that has used PCR‐based techniques for parasitoid and predator/prey identification and detection, and place these studies in the context of their contributions to biological control of arthropods. The status and future directions of diagnostic molecular markers in applied entomology and insect pest management are also discussed.

http://www2.hawaii.edu/~messing/Papers Tara/Gariepy et al 2007.pdf


In order to remain competitive, wind turbines must be reliable machines with efficient and effective maintenance strategies. However, thus far, wind turbine reliability information has been closely guarded by the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and turbine reliability studies often rely on data that are not always in a usable or consistent format. In addition, issues with turbine maintenance logs and alarm system data can make it hard to identify historical periods of faulty operation. This means that building new and effective data-driven condition monitoring techniques and methods can be challenging, especially those that rely on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system data. Such data are rarely standardised, resulting in challenges for researchers in contextualising these data. This work aims to summarise some of the issues seen in previous studies, highlighting the common problems seen by researchers working in the areas of condition monitoring and reliability analysis. Standards and policy initiatives that aim to alleviate some of these problems are given, and a summary of their recommendations is presented. The main finding from this work is that industry would benefit hugely from unified standards for turbine taxonomies, alarm codes, SCADA operational data and maintenance and fault reporting.


The authors report the 12 year experience with laparoscopic surgery in 136 children with pathology related to the persistence of the vitelline duct. 124 (91.2%) of them had Meckel's diverticulum (MD) and 12 (8.8%) complete intestinal fi stula. 89 (65.4%) of the patients were boys. Their age varied from 4 days to 18 years and was below 3 years in 83 (61%) patients. The children were referred to the clinic in emergency conditions (n=71, 52.2%) with complaints of abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction or massive intestinal bleeding and for the planned treatment (n=65, 47.8%) of umbilical fi stula and periodic intestinal bleeding. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed or confi rmed pathology in all patients. Laparoscopic resection of a diverticulum or vitelline duct alone was accomplished in 131 patients and laparoscopically-assisted resection of a small bowel segment in 5 children. 67 cases presented with ectopic alien tissue (gastric, pancreatic, duodenal, sigmoidal, leiomyoma) in the diverticulum. Mean duration of surgery was 44.0 ± 2.1 min. Neither serious complications nor fatal outcomes were documented. It is concluded that laparoscopic intervention is the method of choice for diagnostics and adequate radical correction of practically any pathology associated with the vitelline duct in children of all age groups.


Antioxidantis one of the compounds that can inactivate free radical. White layer of watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad) contains flavonoid, saponin and polyphenol. Flavonoids can be useful as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the cream of white layer watermelon rindagainst free radical and determine the optimum proportion of polysorbate 80 and sorbitan 80 mixture which can produce antioxidant cream formulation from extract of white layer watermelon rindwith optimum physical properties by simplex lattice design. White layer of watermelon rind was extracted using maceration method. Diluter used was ethanol. White layer of watermelon rind extract was made in cream with various concentrations in formula, formula A (5.25% sorbitan 80: 1.75% polysorbate 80), formula B (3.5% sorbitan 80: 3.5% polysorbate 80), formula AB (1.75% sorbitan 80: 5.25% polysorbate 80). Analysis of the test results of the three physical quality test parameters were conducted by design expert 8.0.6. method for making optimum formula. Optimum formula which obtained then conducted test of antioxidant activity against DPPH measured by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 515 nm and determined IC50value. The results showed that cream ofwhite layer watermelon rind(Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad) had absorber antioxidant activity of free radical. Antioxidant activity in 87.579 ppm cream preparation form higher than in pure extract form with IC50value was 97.389 ppm. Formula optimum of polysorbate 80 and sorbitan 80 mixture from white layer watermelon rind extract was found area in accordance with desire properties were 32% polysorbate 80 with 0.67 gram and 68% sorbitan 80 with 1.42 gram.
Keywords: formulation optimization, antioxidant activity, white layer watermelon rind extract


The running-in effects of NO.9 running-in oil developed by Lanzhou RD Center and 40CC common diesel oil on 6113B type diesel engine Produced by Dalian Diesel Engine Plant are investigated according to two different run-in procedures with use of ferrography analysis technology. This provides scientific evidences for running in of 6113B type diesel engine to bedelivered.


Identity reclaimed, rebellion squelched, economic security, and marriage: happy endings all, these are the elements that conclude Frances Burney's The Wandererand Walter Scott's Waverley. Published in 1814, both novels investigate the impact of revolution, be it the French Revolution of Burney's epic or the Jacobite rebellions of the mid-eighteenth century, and their endings partake of a stability peculiarly appropriate to this hiatus during the Napoleanic wars. The novels' mainstream endings seem to indicate their authors' acceptance of Tory principles and the need to contain insurrection; however, just as this lapse in the wars would prove inconclusive, so too do the novels' finales. Following upon lengthy narratives of discontent, these speedy endings contain within them elements that challenge the promised peace. For example, in The Wanderer, Juliet's husband is meticulously removed from the text so that she can marry Harleigh; however, having effaced his presence, Burney does nothing to remove the fact of the ongoing French revolution that produced him. In Waverley, too, Edward's marriage to Rose signals the reconstituted union between England and Scotland. However, the majestic painting of Waverley and Fergus clothed in Highland dress (with armies amassed behind them) hovers permanently over both unions. In each instance the ostensible stability is qualified by threatening absences or troubling signs, each auguring the potential disruption of a hard-earned calm. In this sense, even if Bumey and Scott do espouse conservative ideas of stability, their endings suggest that such a state may be impossible, and this in itself is a radical position.


During the past ten years many forms of respiratory insufficiency have been managed by tracheostomy with a cuffed tube and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. An increasing number of reports':' document tracheal stenosis as a significant complication of this type of tracheostomy. Since 1962 at the Toronto General Hospital, we have encountered 30 functionally significant tracheal strictures in 29 patients following cuffed-tube tracheostomy. The present paper reports a brief resume of our clinical experience, and the details of a recently instituted prospective study of tracheal injury complicating tracheostomy with a cuffed tube.


An extended synthetic oligonucleotide (58-mer) has been used to identify and characterize a human liver gap junction eDNA. The eDNA is 1,574 bases long and contains the entire coding region for a gap junction protein. In vitro translation of the RNA products of this eDNA is consistent with it coding for a 32,022-D protein. Southern blot analysis indicates that the gap junction gene is present as a single copy, and that it can be detected in a variety of organisms using the human liver eDNA as a probe. The human cDNA has been used to screen a rat liver eDNA library, and a rat liver junction eDNA clone has been isolated. The rat liver clone is 1,127 bases in length, and it has strong sequence homology to the human cDNA in the protein-coding region, but less extensive homology in the 3'-untranslated region. M OST eukaryot ic t i ssues con ta in ce l l ce l l c o m m u n i ca t ion pathways or electrical synapses that permit the transfer of information, in the form of small molecules, to occur between cells. Due to these junctions, all the cells in a communicating tissue potentially share a pool of small ions and metabolites, such as nucleotides, amino acids, oligosaccharides, and second messengers. However, the different types of ceils in a tissue presumably retain their individuality as a result of the lack of cell-cell transfer of macromolecules, such as enzymes, DNA, RNA,


Inventory, condition, and performance data describing facilities and components is a primary information source supporting maintenance and rehabilitation (M and R) decisions. At present, this data, which serves as the basis of billions of M and R expenditure dollars, is incomplete, inaccessible, or nonexistent. This situation leads to costly reactive maintenance and project overruns, and prevents organizations from implementing rational M and R programs. In contrast, the recent revolution in sensors, electronics, and computers has made technology available that can rapidly collect this physical data and automatically enter it into the management database. The full exploitation of this technology has been limited by the lack of a profit motive, the need to adapt traditional management methods to the new information capabilities, and the lack of a clear‐cut rationale for technological performance specifications. These limitations can be overcome through the initiation of educational and research programs, w...


Factors that affect profitability based on normal conditions when viewed in terms of liquidity, solvency, and activity, if the current ratio is high it will indicate a strong liquidity position and vice versa. This study aims to analyze the effect of the bopo ratio, loan to deposit, cash ratio on profitability.
The population in this study are banks listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) for the 2018-2020 period. The sample banks in this study were 30 banks and the sample was determined using the purposive sampling method. The study used descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption testing, Multiple Regression Analysis and analysis tools using SPSS 25
The results of this study indicate that, (1) BOPO has a negative effect on company profitability, this is indicated by the regression coefficient value of -0.073 with a significance value of 0.002 because the coefficient value is negative and the significance value is less than 0.05. (2) LDR has a positive positive effect on company profitability, this is shown by the regression coefficient value of 0.145 with a significance value of 0.000 because the coefficient is positive and the significance value is less than 0.05. (3) the cash ratio has no effect on the company's profitability, this is shown by a regression of 1.531 with a significance value of 0.485 because the coefficient is positive and the significance value is greater than 0.05.


To the young medical researcher looking for funds to investigate a bright idea the Medical Research Council may look like a big and unapproachable sharp toothed fish. But to the government the MRC is only a small part of a large and complex system for funding research and development, a system with which the government is not much impressed and is now set on radically reforming. The system is highly complex, and a neat description is not possible because the system is not neat. A rough outline of the system is, however, given in fig 1. Figure 2 is my informed guess of


ABSTRACT This article explores the complex ways in which Racine handles time in Andromaque, particularly as it is experienced by the tragic protagonist Andromaque herself.


Uteroplacental insufficiency, defined as the failure of the placenta to adequately supply nutrients to the developing fetus, can result from insufficient blood flow to the placenta, and thereby deficient fetal oxygenation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In Randy Malamud's evocatively titled travel exploration he establishes himself as an enthusiastic traveller who is compelled by his curiosity and academic awareness to reflect on what it is to be ...


Children are the center of young learner's English teaching. Their motivation and interest are capable of guiding them English learning effectively. Only when the young learners are motivated and stimulated can they learn English well in an active and harmonious atmosphere. This paper first analyses the factors causing the lack of learning motivation of young English learners. Then, based on Maslow's theory, the author puts forward some effective teaching methods and strategies, hoping to be helpful to motivate the young learners to learn English.


This research aims to know the effect of supply chain management and kaizen on company's production. The Research method used is multiple linear regression analysis and simple linear regression analysis. The research result showed that supply chain management and kaizen togethers react positive and significant effect on production. The result is that partially supply chain management and kaizen each react positively and play significant role to production.


The study is structured according to the four Greek Elements (earth, water, air and fire): Emissions of pyrolytic generated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the atmosphere reach the earth surface due to atmospheric deposition even in rural areas. Thus, PAHs accumulate in the soils over time, which may pose a threat of groundwater contamination due to transportation with seepage water. In general, deposition rates of PAHs are higher in the winter season than during summer. Nevertheless, annual deposition rates display constant input values of these persistent organic pollutants into the soils. The heterogeneity of the long-term atmospheric deposition (annual basis) due to relief-depending exposure is negligible. On this time scale, the variation between open-field deposition and deposition in forests (via throughfall and litterfall) is within a factor of 2 depending on the amount of litterfall. Similar distribution pattern of PAHs in atmospheric deposition and soil samples indicate a close relationship between atmospheric input and accumulation of PAHs in soils in the terrestrial environment. Taking historical deposition rates into consideration the actual soil burden can be linked to this pathway even quantitatively. This is a sign for the persistency of the PAHs in the soils. Relatively high concentrations of perylene in the subsoil of a dystric Planosol supports the hypothesis of in-situ formation of this compound even in terrestrial environments. The PAHconcentrations in groundwater, seepage water as well as in surface water in remote areas are very low. The mass balances on catchment scale indicate that more than 90% of the deposited PAHs remain in the soils. Thus, the buffer capacities of the soils are not yet exceeded due to adsorption of PAHs on the soil organic matter. Even leaching tests on representative soil samples support this conclusion. Organic particles (soot, char, charcoal) act as carriers for the PAHs. They are abundant in the atmospheric deposition as well as in soil samples. Based on morphological studies of organic particles, traffic soot seems to be the major source for the actual PAH-deposition in rural areas. Due to atmospheric deposition of such particles, sorption capacity of the soil can rise over time. This should affect the mobility of PAHs in the soils. Based on a simple model the time was calculated, when PAHs should break through the unsaturated zone under equilibrium condition. Following this model calculation, legal limits defined for seepage water in the German Federal Soil Protection Act and Ordinance will not be exceeded in the next 1000 years. However, this model doesn't take into account preferential flow, even though preferential flow controls the actual PAH-dynamics on catchment scale.


In the 1 June 2017 issue of New England Journal of Medicine , Masuda et al. presented important new findings on capecitabine in HER2-negative breast cancer (1). All patients received standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment before surgery with an anthracycline or a taxane, or both. Masuda et al. gave oral capecitabine, 1,250 mg/m 2
twice daily on days 1 to 14, nothing days 15 to 21, for 6 to 8 cycles after surgical resection to those whose surgical tissue showed residual invasive breast cancer.


The objective of this study was to compare of genetic parameter estimates on carcass traits of Hanwoo(Korean Cattle) according to modeling with Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML. The data set consisted of 1,941 cattle records with 23,058 animals in pedigree files at Hanwoo Improvement Center. The variance and covariance among carcass traits were estimated via Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML algorithms. The carcass traits considered in this study were longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness, and marbling score. Genetic parameter estimates using Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML from single-trait analysis were similar with those from multiple-trait analysis. The estimated heritabilities using Gibbs sampler were .52 .54, .54 .59, and .42 .44 for carcass traits. The estimated heritabilities using MTDFREML were .41, .52 .53, and .31 .32 for carcass traits. The estimated genetic correlation using Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML of LDA between BF and MS were negatively correlated as �� .34 �� .36, �� .23 �� .37. Otherwise, genetic correlation between BF and MS was positive genetic correlation as .36 .44. The correlations of breeding value for marbling score between via MTDFREML and via Gibbs sampler were 0.989, 0.996 and 0.985 for LDA, BF and MS respectively.


In recent years, there have been a large number of field studies aimed at improving our knowledge of weathering mechanisms in humid tropical landscapes (Viers et al., 1997; Braun et al., 1998; White et al., 1998). The present study focusses on the seasonal variations of organic carbon and trace elements in a series of rivers flowing through tropical forests in south Cameroon, Africa. These variations have been observed in the dissolved (<0.22 lam) and bulk (i.e. unfiltered) river waters composition. Indeed, the relative proportion of the dissolved and particulate phases to the bulk river water composition and their respective temporal variations in response to water discharge fluctuations give indications on the mechanisms which control the concentration of these trace elements. Firstly, we worked at the scale of the small Mengong river (1 km length) which drains the NsimiZo&616 site (100 ha) southern Cameroon. Secondly, we attempt to enlarge our observations to a set of three rivers (Awout, Soo, and Nyong) characterized by a gradual increase in their drainage surfaces and water discharges.


Pipe bends are most important necessity for all kind of industries in terms of pipelining materials. Pipe bend is very difficult to avoid the thinning on the inner side of the bend and thinking of the outer side of the bend. The pipe bend produces more flexibleness compare with the straight pipes because of the ovality effect. The bend section is the weaker part in high pressure application because the pipe bend will be made with the ovality. The ovality is the main cause to fail the pipe. In this proposed system, the dimensional element analysis method is applied to model and analysis stand alone, long radios inlet pigtail pipe bend with attached support pipe used in hydrogen reformer application. It is prsented that the effect of ovality is important in the pipe bend with attached straight pipe due to internal pressure and elevated temperature. The induced stress, strain in the pipe bend geometry also increases with the percentage of ovality. It leads to improve the pipe quality and trustworthiness in terms of pipe bend analysis.


This work presents the cellular microstructures and properties of PMMA/graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) microcellular foams. GNRs were obtained by oxidative unzipping multiwalled carbon nanotubes and solvent thermal reduction in dimethylformamide (DMF), then they were mixed with PMMA to fabricate PMMA/GNRs nanocomposites by solution blending. Subsequently, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a friendly foaming agent was applied to fabricate PMMA/GNRs microcellular foam by a batch foaming in a special mold. The morphology of cell structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and image software, showing that the addition of a smaller content of GNRs caused a fine cellular structure with a higher cell density (∼3 × 1011 cells/cm3) and smaller cell sizes (∼1 μm) due to their remarkable heterogeneous nucleation effect. The mechanical testing of PMMA/GNRs microcellular foams demonstrated that the obtained GNRs also could be used as a reinforcing filler to increase the mechanical properties of PMMA foams. An improvement in the compressive strength of ∼80% (about 39% increase standardized by specific compressive strength) was achieved by 1.5 wt % GNRs addition, and the thermal stability of PMMA/GNRs foams was enhanced too. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45182.


7088 Background: Phase II studies have shown that gefitinib (Iressa) produces approximately a 10% response rate in previously treated patients (pts) with NSCLC. Currently, little is known about which pts are likely to benefit from treatment with gefitinib. Tobacco, gender, and histologic subtype may be important factors in response to gefitinib(M Kris et.al.,V Miller et.al.). Our objective is to evaluate potential clinical prognostic factors in NSCLC pts treated with gefitinib.

METHODS
Response rate, progression free interval(PFI) and survival were evaluated for 126 patients (64 female/62 male, median age 68; 67 adenocarcinomas/59 other histologies; 72 PS 0-1/53 PS 2+; 110 used tobacco/ 16 no tobacco use) who were treated with gefitinib (500 mg po day 1, then 250 mg po daily) and evaluated monthly on the expanded access trial. CT scans were performed every two months. We collected data on the pts' age, sex, performance status(PS), tobacco use, number of previous chemotherapies and date of last prior chemotherapy Results: Median follow-up was 169 days(d). Overall response rate was 5.6%(1CR,6PR) and 24 pts (19%) had stable disease. Median Kaplan-Meier survival and PFI were 172 and 59 d, respectively. The Fisher's Exact Test was used to evaluated associations. A greater proportion of patients with adenocarcinoma 85% (6/7) responded than did other histologies 14% (1/7) p=.08. Median survival was 484 d for nonsmokers and 167 d for smokers. Similarly, PFI was146 days-nonsmokers and 59 days-smokers (p<.04). Significant differences in survival were also observed for pts with PS 0-1, 231 d and PS2+, 119 d (p=.0005). A significant association was also observed between tobacco use and gender; a larger proportion of females never used tobacco.

CONCLUSIONS
Longer survival and PFI were observed in pts treated with gefitinib who have never used tobacco and have PS 0-1. These data suggest further investigation of tobacco usage and PS as predictive factors of response to gefitinib, as well as the relationship between tobacco use and gender is warranted. [Table: see text].


Since the 1960s, U S presidents have used their executive, administrative, and political power to pursue policy goals in elementary and secondary education This article analyzes the K-12 education policy strategies pursued during the first three years of the Donald Trump presidency, focusing on two main aspects of Trump's approach to education policy First, I analyze Trump's heavy reliance on executive and administrative tools and his use of these tools to promote state flexibility, diminish federal direction on civil rights issues, and expand private and public school choice Second, I examine the Trump administration's approach to implementing the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 (ESSA), especially in reviewing state plans pursuant to the ESSA The administration took a highly deferential approach as states sought approval for their ESSA plans and in a way that suggests the Trump presidency is shifting federal involvement in K-12 education policy away from prioritizing equity and oversight


Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of synthetic aromatic compounds with the general formula C 12H 1 oCl that were historically used in industrial paints, caulking material and adhesives, as their properties enhanced structural integrity, reduced flammability and boosted antifungal properties. Although the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has banned the manufacture of PCBs since 1979, they have been found in at least 500 of the 1,598 National Priorities List (Superfund) sites identified by the USEPA. Prior to the USEPA's ban on PCB production, PCBs were commonly used as additives in paints and asphaltbased adhesives that were subsequently applied to a variety of structures. Government facilities constructed as early as 1930 utilized PCB-containing binders or PCB-containing paints, which are now leaching into the environment and posing ecological and worker health concerns. To date, no definitive in situ, non-destructive method is available for the removal of PCBs found in weathered coatings or on painted structures/equipment. The research described in this paper involves the laboratory development and field-scale deployment of a new and innovative solution for the removal and destruction of PCBs found in painted structures or within the binding or caulking material on structures. The technology incorporates a Bimetallic Treatment System (BTS) that extracts and degrades only the PCBs found on the facilities, leaving the structure virtually unaltered.


PURPOSE: A wireless communication network system with a function for reducing a current consumption, and operating method thereof are provided to minimize the power consumption caused by an oscillator by cutting off the power supply to the oscillator in a sleep mode. CONSTITUTION: A processor(56) outputs a switch-off signal in a sleep mode. In addition, the processor outputs a switch-on signal in an operating mode. According to the switch-off signal, a switch of a first regulator(53) cuts off the power supply of a power supply unit(51). In order to transmit and receive a wireless signal, the first regulator supplies the power of the power supply unit to a modem(57). In order to control the entire system, a second regulator(52) supplies the power of the power supply unit to the processor.


The crystal structure of the title compound, {(C13H10N)2[Zn(C6H2N2O4)2]}n, consists of polymeric Zn complex anions and discrete acridinium cations. The Zn cation, located on an inversion center, is N,O-chelated by two pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate (pyzdc) anions in the basal plane, and is further coordinated by two carboxylate O atoms from adjacent pyzdc anions in the axial directions with a longer Zn—O bond distance, forming a distorted ZnN2O4 coordination geometry. The pyzdc anions bridge the Zn cations, forming polymeric chains running along the crystallographic b axis. The acridinium cations are linked to the complex chains via N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. Significant π–π stacking between parallel acridinium ring systems is observed in the crystal structure, face-to-face distances being 3.311 (3) and 3.267 (4) Å.


We characterize the simplicity of C-algebras arising frommultispinal groups. LetOGmax be the universal C-algebra associated to a multispinal group G. We show that the invertibility of a matrix completely determines the simplicity of OGmax .


Conference on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 20-23 November 2002, Sofia, Bulgaria


Using the formal series symmetry approach, we obtain three sets of generalized symmetries of the AKNS-type breaking soliton equation. These sets of formal series symmetries are not truncated except that the arbitrary functions of the formal series symmetries are fixed as polynomials of the corresponding independent variables. Differing from the truncated cases such as KP and Toda field equations, these non-truncated symmetries constitute another type of generalization of the Virasoro algebra.


Biogenic amines and polyamines in meat and meat products were determined by HPLC. Spermine and spermidine were the only amines always detected in meat and meat products, ranging from 6.4 to 62.1 mg/kg for spermine and from 0.7 to 13.8 mg/kg for spermidine. Tyramine, histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine contents varied greatly, especially in ripened products and even among samples from the same commercial brand. Biogenic amines in cooked products were, in general, lower than 10 mg/kg, whereas 40% of ripened products reached levels above 300 mg/kg. Amine content in dry-cured ham was similar to those found in cooked products. High amounts of biogenic amines in some cooked products could be related to the use of low hygienic quality meat. Besides the contribution of the raw materials, amine formation can occur during the fermentative-ripening process. Adverse reactions due to interaction between monoamine oxidase inhibitors drugs and tyramine are expected in ripened products. Keywords: Biogenic amines; meat;...


PRIYO HANDOYO WICAKSONO. Determining Optimum Shelter for Production Intensification Mud Crab Scylla serrata on Recirculation Systems. Supervised by KUKUH NIRMALA and YUNI PUJI HASTUTI. Shelter is a place that used by crab to take refuge from another crab attacks, especially when molting, so shelter has important role in reduce the deaths caused by cannibalism. This research aims to determine the amount of the best shelters in increasing the production if mud crab through the parameters of survival rate, specific growth rate, carapace growth rate, the molting frequency, and physiological conditions. Mud crab that used to have an average carapace length of 7.04±0.24 cm with weights 71.89±6.33 g. Mud crab reared in recirculation system for 60 days in a container volume of 60 L with a stocking density 10 crabs/container. The research design used completely randomized design with three treatments giving shelter (2, 4, and 6) and controls without shelter, with three replications. Rearing of mud crabs with the amount of different shelters provide significantly different results (P <0.05) of survival rate, specific growth rate and molting frequency. The addition of 6 shelter is the best treatment seen from the survival rate of 73.33±5.8%, the specific growth rate of 0.886±0.14%, and the molting frequency of 10.67±0.58 times.


Financial reporting is one of the most important information for investors. Internet Financial
Reporting (IFR) is seen as a tool to convey information effectively to customers, investors,
and shareholders. This study aims to examine the factors that affect the company's financial
reporting on the internet by banking companies in the personal website of the company's.
The variabels used in this research are firm size, profitability, leverage, otside ownership and
firm value. This research was conducted by a survey of non-financial companies listed on the
Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014.Technique sampling was used is stratified random
sampling. This study used multiple linier regression analysis and classic assumption test for
data analysis.T test have been used to test the research hypothesis. The results showed only
the firm size and profitability is positively related on corporate IFR. While othe variabels,
leverage, outside ownership and firm value is not signification.
Keyword :internet financial reporting, website, sector perbankan


Abstract We study the set of all m-tuples (λ(1), . . ., λ(m)) of possible types of finite abelian p-groups Mλ(1), . . ., Mλ(m) for which there exists a long exact sequence Mλ(1) → ⋅⋅⋅ → Mλ(m). When m=3, we recover W. Fulton's (Eigenvalues of majorized Hermitian matrices and Littlewood-Richardson coefficients (Special Issue: Workshop on Geometric and combinatorial Methods in the Hermitian Sum Spectral Problem), Linear Algebra Appl. 319(1–3) (2000), 23–36) results on the possible eigenvalues of majorized Hermitian matrices.


The process related to the formation of mixed SAM and a structure for preventing the growth or nucleation undesirable to the exposed surface in the reactor is described. Mixed SAM (322) is the nucleation is not desirable to introduce a second SAM precursor (338) having a first length of the first SAM precursor 334 and the shorter of the second length of the molecule than the first one having a molecular in that the surface 308 may be formed. An example of an exposed surface which can be provided with a mixed SAM (322) comprises a selective surface of the integrated circuit structure 800, such as a reactor surface and a non-conductive and dielectric layers.


In this paper, the operating characteristic curves (OCCs) of optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) technology for label switching of an optical packet-switching (OPS) network was evaluated. A node structure for processing the packets, with spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) labels, considering a balanced detector and an optical switch, was developed and modeled. The effects of decoding noises on the performance of both M-sequence and stuffed quadratic congruence (SQC) labeling systems were addressed. Hypothesis testing was applied to the decoder to investigate the results of label recognition. The null and alternative hypotheses were, respectively, defined as a decoder receiving the matching and mismatching labels. Due to the noise effects, the decoder output may not reflect the label status correctly. Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true while accepting the alternative one. Type II error occurs when the alternative hypothesis is true while accepting the null one. Analytic equations of both errors were given, considering a desired packet that was missed and an undesired packet shown in a switched path. The trade-off between these two errors, regarding the decoder threshold, was demonstrated in operating characteristic curves (OCCs). A better OCC could be found when a packet had more labeled payload bits, or when the utilized label code had a lower auto-to-cross-correlation ratio.


The purpose of this study is to identify the critical factors which ar mainly influence on the consumer behavior and perception on brand choice among the personal care brands. This study is only competition between Nivea and Pond's Brand choice. Factor Analysis and multiple regression analysis are used in the study to meet the respective objectives. In this study, four factors are most critical factors that mainly influence to making buying signal and brand loyalty. These four factors are Quality and Confidence, Availability, Promotions and Brand Image. According to the results, it is observed that the factors influencing on consumer behaviors and perceptions of Nivea are more likely to be influencing on quality and confidence, and brand image but they are less likely to be influencing on availability and promotions of the product. In addition, Factors influencing on consumer behaviors and perceptions of non-Nivea user (Pond's) are more likely to be availability and promotions of the product but they are less likely to be influencing on quality and confidence, and brand image of the product.


We have studied the Raman spectra of C78H26, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with D2h symmetry point group resembling a longitudinally confined graphene ribbon (or a graphene island) with armchair edge. The experimental spectra recorded with several excitation laser lines have been compared with the results from a theoretical analysis of the resonant Raman response based on density functional theory calculations. Compared to previous investigation the spectra show better signal-to-noise ratio, which allows determining previously unresolved weak spectroscopic features. We have extended our analysis to the overtone and combination region (i.e. above 2000 cm−1) demonstrating the presence of signals attributable to 2G, G + D, 2D, Dj + Dk and G + acoustic-like modes. Moreover, we have measured the temperature dependence of the G peak position, which turns out to show a similar behavior with respect to that of graphene/graphite. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The conceptualization, nourishment and propagation of new technologies, as a key, active component in the accelerated growth of a technologically advanced or industrialized society, relies on the understanding and development of two individual but highly interconnected competencies: leadership and innovation. These are the two fundamental attributes that have encouraged the successful development of most major technologies in production today.  They are also the source for most of the highly successful commercial and industrial organizations currently operating globally.  It is the state of health of these two linked competencies that often determines the longevity and profitability of these organizations and, to a large extent, the societies that spawn and house them. It is also through their successful integration that those same technologies are encouraged to evolve and to fuel the imaginations of the next set of great leaders and innovators. It can thus be postulated that the stewardship of innovation and leadership determines the potential success and the rate of advancement of a modern society and, as a corollary, the lack thereof its decay, or at best its stagnation. This discussion is directed to the two characteristics of leadership and innovation and how they create value through integration and how we as a society gain from this successful union.  This article is, therefore, dedicated to anything, or anyone, that might lead us to innovation, in all of its forms, along with the leadership that is often the springboard, or tipping point, in making it all happen. It is through the innovative process where we all get the chance to generate creative thought.  It should therefore become our common goal to encourage others to pursue their own personal view, or quest, for the future, while in other cases, to simply get out of the way of those who are trying to do the same.  Change, while often uncomfortable, and habitually avoided or ignored, is the nature of any progressive system. Staying ahead of the problems created by change while jumping even farther ahead is a prerequisite to success and continued growth.  The result of this constant requirement to advance the elements of a modern society, while scary, also forces the participants to live at the edge of their comfort zones. An innovative change, in any form will bring you to that edge. Therefore, it has become clear that innovators, and their dedicated leadership, will continue to add to the excitement in all of our lives, whether we are ready for it or not.


Impetuous is a kind of social and official disease with the impact of great harm and contagiousness.It is a behavior of formalism and utilitarianism,but also the refraction of an snxious and fretful psychology.If we does not eliminate it firmly,it certainly will weaken the fighting capacity of Party members and cadres seriously,and damage the flesh-and-blood connections between the Party and people and eventually hinder well-to-do society from realizing smoothly.It is especially important at present.For us to take the firm and effective measure to overcome the leading cadre's such bad custom.


P i ~ l s e d ispers ion measurements were c a r r i e d ou t on s o l i d and 1 iquidcore mul timode o p t i c a l f i bres having stepindex d i f ference bet ween core and c ladd ing a t three wavelengths, namely 694, 782 and 871 nm. I t was founti t ha t provided launching was done a t t h e same numerical aperture, there was n e g l i g i b l e d i f f e rence i n pulse d i s p e r s i o n a t the three wavelengths. Measurement o f the output angle from the f i b r e i n d i cated tha t the establ ished mode d i s t r i b u t i o n was a l s o near ly equal i n each case. '


This article examines whether CERCLA Section 107 violates equal protection under rational basis review by allowing governmental parties but not private parties to recover attorneys' fees in cost recovery actions. In the course of this examination, the article explores an issue that has been largely ignored by courts and scholars, namely whether the government can be considered a "person" under the Constitution, such that equal protection analysis can be applied to discrimination between private and governmental parties. This issue is arguably particularly relevant in the CERCLA statutory framework, which waives governmental sovereign immunity and expressly defines governmental parties as "persons."


The effects of different applications of 24-epi-brassinolideon the physiology and yield of 'Owhadi' pistachio trees was investigated in Iran over an off and on year. Plants were treated by 24-epi-b...


The problem of reduced access to medicines is being increasingly felt throughout Europe including Malta. A country's National Medicines Policy (NMP) must consider accessibility together with other factor such as affordability, regulation and rational use of medicinal products, financing, and supply and distribution systems. These areas can all be presented within a framework as exemplified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) framework which is the most effective in incorporating NMP components and objectives. 1 (World Health Organisation, 2001) The Descriptive Logic Model (DLM) was used as an essential tool to collectively represent relevant framework areas focusing on the entry of a medicinal product in the Maltese market.2,3 Pharmaceutical policy is one of the basic elements of an efficient health service and provides guidance as to the standard of health and pharmaceutical service to be delivered. Pharmaceutical policies may portray an array of aspects within a given health care system. Policies are by their nature dynamic as they consider the past; strategically address current patient needs and project future challenges. Thus strategy and pharmaceutical policy form a dynamic scientific tool which attempts to maximise resources and to provide appropriate pharmaceutical care whilst being able to evolve and adapt to any changes. Throughout the years Europe has increased its collaboration among various stakeholders in order to address health care demands such as an increased need for innovative treatments.


Increasing horizontal integration in agriculture, by creating groups of agricultural producers, may accelerate the modernization of Polish agriculture and increase its competitiveness. The aim of the research was to find out about the state and conditions affecting the functioning of agricultural producer groups in North-East Poland in the years 2000-2021. As part of the research, data on the characteristics of the groups were analyzed, i.e. their specializations, scope of activities, personal composition, and legal forms. Moreover, the amount of financial aid obtained from RDP was defined. The article uses information contained in legal acts, literature on the subject, as well as secondary data from the ARMA. Based on the research, a short duration of the created groups has been noticed. Out of 170 entities created, 24 of them were active at the time of the study, with a total of 3,142 members. Most of them collaborated in dairy groups in the Podlaskie Voivodeship (1940).


Cenospheres are often been used as multi-functional fillers because of good performance. The electroless Ni-P-coating process is modified by replacement of the conventional PdCl_2 activator with AgNO_3 activator. The cenosphere particles are characterized through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) during and after the coating process. Ni-P-coating is obtained over fly ash cenospheres using the electroless coating technique with AgNO_3 activator. The possible mechanism of electroless Ni-P-coating of cenosphere particles with AgNO_3 activator is suggested.


The effective Hamiltonian for high- T c Cu-based oxide superconductors is derived based on Cu: d x 2 - y 2 and O: p σ orbitals in the Cu–O plane by taking into account the intra- and nearest-neighbor interatomic Coulomb interactions for both cases of hole and electron doping. For hole doping, where the stability of Cu ++ is assumed, the effective Hamiltonian proves to have various interaction processes, some features of which are studied by considering a case with a single Cu spin and one hole in the oxygen band. The spatial extent of the singlet-bound state in this case has been examined to the linear order of the oxygen band width. For electron doping the effective Hamiltonian is much simpler and essentially the same as the t - J model. Based on these results we discuss the relevance of the t - J model to the high- T c Cu oxides. The effects of Cu: d 3 z 2 - r 2 orbitals and O: p z orbitals at the apex of the pyramid or octahedron are also examined.


This article sites modern principles and theoretical substantiation of pharmacotherapy by methotrexate in patients with juvenile arthritis. Particular emphasis has been placed on parenter al methods of drug introduction, as the possibility of therapy effectiveness increase. A variety of adverse reactions is outlined, recommendations on their monitoring and overcoming are made. The importance of duration and continuity of therapy is emphasized for the realization of disease modifying influence on clinical course. Algorithms of methotrexate use in various variants of juvenile arthritis are presented. Key words: methotrexate, juvenile arthritis, treatment, children.


Microblog has already been one of the most popular communication channels on the Internet, and also has become the third part of the public opinion source in China. This paper describes the behavior of browsing messages in microblog to calculate the probability of a message to be browsed after releasing and proposed an epidemic model to explain how a rumor gets spread among followers with the influence of different rumor refuting measures. We investigate the evolution of retweeting behavior by gathering data through Sina API. By establishing a human dynamics model for deducing retweeting behavior, the result reveals that the distribution of the probability of a message to be browsed over time presents power-law characters. This indicates that the messages are time-bound, which offers suggestions for message releasing of Micro-blogging Marketing. As for the propagation of rumor, we chose a specific rumor and firstly process its retweet count under the consideration of microblog users' active periods based on empirical analysis. Then, an improved rumor spreading SIR model, which takes the impact of rumor refuting by the affected enterprise, a microblogging opinion leader and microblogging platform into account, is constructed. According to the simulation results, this model shows how these rumor refuting measures influence the propagation of rumor, reflecting the most effective measure to shrink the transmission of rumor via microblog community.


This article aims to encourage reflection and discussion around issues relating to the assessment of individuals living with HIV-related cognitive impairment.


The solution presented consists of implementing the N neuron Hopfield network as a systolic square array made up of N/sup 2/ cells. Systolic arrays are well suited to wafer-scale integration (WSI). Inherent error tolerance of neural networks facilitates wafer design. However, a wafer-level reconfiguration is required to bypass faulty chips. The principle and the architecture of a switching element which provides a flexible wafer-level reconfiguration is described.<<ETX>>


CONTEXT Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterised by activation of the inflammatory cascade. The only treatment that reduces the mortality rate associated with this syndrome is lung protective ventilation, which requires sedation of patients. Sedation in critical care units is usually induced intravenously, although there is reason to believe that inhaled anaesthetics are a suitable alternative. Sevoflurane has recently been shown to modulate the lung inflammatory response in a model of lung injury more favourably than propofol. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to confirm whether or not sevoflurane is more effective than propofol in ameliorating the inflammatory response in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. DESIGN A prospective, randomised, controlled study. SETTING Research foundation laboratory at the Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Sixteen Landrace/large white crossbred pigs weighing 30 to 45 kg. INTERVENTIONS Animals were allocated randomly to one of two groups: one sedated with intravenous propofol 5 to 7 mg kg−1 h−1 (group P) and the other with sevoflurane, administered using an AnaConDa device to obtain an end-tidal concentration of 1.5% (group S). Monitoring, lung protective ventilation and anaesthetic management were identical in both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The PaO2/FiO2 ratio and cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were determined at 10, 150 and 240 min after confirmation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <26.7 kPa). RESULTS At 240 min, median and interquartile range (IQR) concentrations of cytokines in bronchial lavage specimens in group S were lower than those in group P [interleukin-1&bgr; (IL-1&bgr;) 53, IQR 16–140 vs. 311, IQR 183–637 pg ml−1, P = 0.04; tumour necrosis factor-&agr; 347, IQR 161–433 vs. 552, IQR 475–649 pg ml−1, P = 0.04; and IL-6 101, IQR 76–282 vs. 580, IQR 369–701 pg ml−1, P = 0.03]. The polymorphonuclear neutrophil count was also lower in group S (P = 0.007), which also had a higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio. TRIAL REGISTRATION GE-015/09. CONCLUSION In an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, sevoflurane ameliorates the lung inflammatory response and improves oxygenation to a greater extent than propofol.


In this letter, a low in‐band radar cross section (RCS) antenna with radiation and scattering characteristics based on phase gradient metasurface (PGM) is proposed. The proposed structure consists of periodic arrays of metallic patches printed on a 1.2 mm dielectric substrate with a metallic ground plane, and the RCS is reduced between 7.8 and 12 GHz under normal incidence. Without increasing the structural complexity, some units on the metasurface are used directly as the radiators of the antenna array, which maintains the radiation characteristics of the antenna and reduces its RCS in the working band. The performance test for metasurface antenna agrees well with simulation.


Motion of dense fluids along the bottom boundary, that produced by instantaneous release of a heavy fluids from water surface into a stagnant water, is investigated experimentally. A series of laboratory experiment is conducted by varying inflow condition. The horozontal motion of dense fluids is found to be distinguishied into two flow regimes: the transition and gravity current regime. Main flow characteristics of the motion of dense fluids, including the rates of change of height, length and the front propagation speed and the densimetric Froude number in the transition and gravity current regison, are quantified .


Partial asymmetric syntheses were carried out in the reaction of Grignard reagents with crotonic and cinnamic esters of 1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-D-glucose, 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose, 1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-deoxy-D-xylose and (−)-menthol. The reaction of 3-O-crotonyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-D-glucose (Ic) with phenylmagnesium bromide, followed by the hydrolysis of the resulting ester, gave (−)-3-phenylbutyric acid (III) in 33% optical and 12% synthetic yields, while in the presence of cuprous chloride as a catalyst, III was obtained in 74% and 58% yields respectively. The reaction of 3-O-crotonyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-deoxy-D-xylose (Ie) with phenylmagnesium bromide gave (+)-acid (III) without cuprous chloride in 16% optical and 32% synthetic yields and (−)-acid (III) with cuprous chloride, in 58% and 61% yields respectively. The reaction of 3-O-cinnamoyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-D-glucose (IVc) with benzylmagnesium chloride, followed by the saponification of the resulting ester, ...


This is the second part of an edition of twenty-nine letters that Alice James wrote to her good friend Anne Ashburner (later Richards) from 1873 to 1878. During this time, Anne (sometimes Nannie, Nan, or Nancy) was in Europe—mostly in England—and Alice James was usually at home in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first part, published in Resources for American Literary Study 27.1, includes the letters through number 14, 21 November 1874, and reveals the close relationship between the two young women—Alice was born in 1848 and Nannie in 1846—based upon mutual friends, mutual interests, and mutual sympathy. Nannie was especially attentive during Alice's bouts with poor health and nervous prostration. Alice expresses herself on many topics—love, marriage, relations between the sexes, men, women, family, friends, acquaintances, England, America, customs and manners—and shares her fund of local gossip with one who is far from home. The second part of the edition completes the correspondence, covering letters 15 to 29, 1875‐78. The subjects are those already mentioned, although the tone becomes more ironic, at times even a bit acerbic, leavened by an occasional note of rue. Alice frequently comments on the engagements and marriages of their mutual friends and, with no prospects of her own (on one occasion in 1874 she had given a caustic account of a possible "offer"), she eventually in November 1878 has to post her congratulations to Nannie on her engagement to Francis Richards of Gardiner, Maine. At this point the correspondence, as it is now available, ends, though the friendship continued and grew when Alice James moved to England in 1884, and Nannie Richards, also a resident, resumed her visits with her ailing friend; upon Alice James's death in 1892, Nannie served as one of four mourners selected by Alice to attend her funeral service.


Two 60-residue snake toxins with four disulfide bridges, cardiotoxin II and IV, of Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra) have been rapidly prepared in overall yields of 3.9% (cardiotoxin II) and 3.7% (cardiotoxin IV) within three weeks using the chemical method. Physicochemical characterization of these synthetic cardiotoxins was carried out by amino acid analysis, mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, peptide mapping, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and lethal toxicity. As compared with natural cardiotoxins, the results indicated that the synthetic cardiotoxins possessed the same physicochemical properties as those of natural ones. Therefore, in addition to preparation of various important toxins with satisfactory quantities for biochemical and pharmacological studies within a short lime, this rapid method also provides an important route to obtain many interesting toxins and designed toxin analogues for structure/function relationship studies in the near further.


The device for analysing the composition and the perfusion rate of an interstitial liquid comprises a coupled probe comprising an external sleeve (110); an exchange membrane (160), particularly for microdialysis and which is situated at the distal end of said coupled probe, an internal conduit (124; 134, 170) which can be connected at its proximal end to a supply source for supplying a perfusate liquid, particularly a dialysis liquid, means (120, 130) for measuring the interstitial liquid perfusion flow rate, introduction means (400) providing for the protection of the distal end of said probe.


Space transportation vehicles have asymmetric protuberant devices on their surfaces, such as cable ducts. Such protuberances, typically arranged asymmetrically with respect to the vehicle axis, are...


Recent intensive research efforts at material development and device optimization have realized high performance organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with carrier mobility higher than 1.0 cm/Vs. However, organic semiconductors having both stability and high performances are still rare, and thus new superior organic semiconductors are still actively pursued. To this end, we have developed a series of new thiophene-containing fused aromatic compounds (often called as heteroarenes) and tested them as an active material for OTFTs. Among these compounds, we found that dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) and 2,7-dialkyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes (C -BTBTs) n 4 are fairly stable and superior organic semiconductors; the former is suitable to vapor-deposited OTFTs and the latter is to solution-processed OTFTs (Figure 1). These devices showed typical p-channel transistor characteristics with mobility up to 3.0 cm/Vs with I grater than 10 on/off . For the further development of this semiconductor class, we have recently synthesized alkylated DNTTs (C -DNTTs). The solubility of C -DNTTs is, unfortunately, no n n t good enough for the solution processes, but their vapor-processed OTFTs showed excellent transistor characteristics with mobility as high as 8.5 cm/Vs, which is the highest mobility so far reported for OTFT devices. In this contribution, we will present the syntheses, properties, structures, and transistor characteristics of these heteroarene-based organic semiconductors and discuss the structure-properties correlation of the present semiconductor class.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of leverage, audit quality, size, family ownership, capital intensity, profitability and liquidity on tax aggressiveness. The sampled of this study are manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during year 2018-2020. The sample in this study was obtained by the purposive sampling method. There are 55 companies chosen as the final samples. The hypothesis of this study is tested using the multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that profitability has an influence on tax aggressiveness in Indonesia. However, leverage, audit quality, size, family ownership, capital intensity and liquidity have no effect on tax aggressiveness in Indonesia.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of oxymatrine on experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats. Methods Hepatic fibrosis was induced in 72 Wistar rats within 8 weeks using subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (twice a week, 3ml·kg-1) together with feeding with alcohol (containing 10% ethanol) and another 8 rats were routinely fed as normal group(N group), 16 rats were sacrificed to ensure the onset of hepatic fibrosis(M group), then all the rest rats with hepatic fibrosis were randomly divided into two groups receiving intraperitoneal injection of oxymatrine ( 100 mg·kg·d~(-1), T group)and normal saline(10 mg·kg·d~(-1), R group) respectively for consecutive 9 weeks, the stage of hepatic fibrosis was assessed through HE staining and observed under light microscope( semi-quantitative scaling system, SSS).The area density of collagen in liver speciments was assessed through Masson staining and observed under light microscope; transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) were determined with immunohistochemistry assay. Results The stage of hepatic fibrosis in T group was obviously reduced when compared to R group(7.5±2.2 vs 10.4±3.0, P0.05);the differences of serum transaminases between the two groups were also significant(P0.05);the area density of collagen in liver tissues was obviously lower in T group than that in M group(10.4±3.0 vs 22.5±4.8, P0.01), what's more, the difference was also significant when compared to R group (10.4±3.0 vs 16.8±3.5, P0.05).Imaging analysis revealed that TGFbeta 1 immunohistological staining areas were markedly shrinked in oxymatrine treated group(T group) compared with M group and R group(P0.01).Conclusion Oxymatrine has obvious therapeutic effects on rats with hepatic fibrosis. The mechanism may be correlated to the reduction of TGF beta 1.