The aim of this paper is to study the influence of salicylic acid (SA), in different concentrations, 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 1.0 m M (presoaking 6h, before germination, or germinated in SA solutions, after 3 or 5 days from germination) on the isoperoxidase patterns of maize ( Zea mays) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum) seedling roots. The separation of the isoperoxidase was obtained th roug continuous system PAGE electrophoresis by isoelectrofocusing (IEF). T he gel concentration was 5%. The sample preparation was performed according to t he Brinegar and Goundan method (1993). The hystochemical emphasis as well a s the visualisation conditions represent an adaptation of the various protocols av ailable at the Institute for Biological Research in Cluj Napoca (Murphy et al., 1990, Acquaah, 1992). In the peroxidase electrophoretic spectra of the ma ize roots, there were 6 isoperoxidases identified. In the alcaline region t here were 4 catodic isoperoxidases with very close Pi values. Isoperoxidase 5, located aproximately in th e middle of the gel was neutral and isoperoxidase 6, located in the inferior part of the gel was anodic. In the peroxidase electrophoretic spectra of the wh eat roots, there were 5 isoperoxidases identified, uniform in all analysed plants, regardless of the treatment or of the SA concentration. Of the 5 isoperoxidases, 4 were highly alcaline, and one was acid. Out of the 4 catodic isoperoxidases the first one was located near the start of electrophoretic migration, with a P i value greater than 9, and the other 3 isoperoxidases bands has a Pi value, between 8-9. T he anodic isoperoxidase has a Pi value near 5. In conclusion, the isoperoxidase spectra was very s imilar, both in the control lot and in the ones treated with SA regardless of the c oncentration and the treatment method, but it differed depending on the species.


Hop inhibition in L. brevis was analysed focusing on microbial viability, physiology, metabolism and electrochemical membrane characteristics. Synergistic effects of hop compounds, mechanisms involved in multifactorial hop tolerance and iso-α-acid inhibition, as well as the roles of pH- and redox-homeostasis were elucidated. Possible applications of hop derived substances in biotechnology and food preservation are highlighted.


The influence of bubbles on sound has long attracted the attention of physicists. In his 1920 book1 Sir William Bragg described sound absorption caused by foam in a glass of beer tapped by a spoon. Frank S. Crawford described and analyzed the change in the pitch of sound in a similar experiment and named the phenomenon the "hot chocolate effect."2 In this paper we describe a simple and robust experiment that allows an easy audio and visual demonstration of the same effect (unfortunately without the chocolate) and offers several possibilities for student investigations. In addition to the demonstration of the above effect, the experiments described below provide an excellent opportunity for students to devise and test explanations with simple equipment.


OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a foot clinic for diabetes patients.

DESIGN
Retrospective study and cost-effect analysis.

SETTING
Spaarne Hospital, Heemstede.

METHOD
The effectiveness of 5 years's activity (1987-1991) of a foot clinic was measured by comparing its patient population, the presenting ulcers and amputations, the average stay in hospital and the cost reduction with 1983-1986.

RESULTS
From 1987 to 1991 4323 diabetic check-ups were done in the clinic, of which 810 were first referrals. Of these first referrals 112 presented with a leg ulcer. Compared with the period before the establishment of the clinic in 1987, hospital admission for diabetic foot problems decreased from 48 to 29 days and 30 admissions could be prevented. The number of amputations decreased by 43%. The reduction in costs was calculated to be about Dfl. 325,000.--annually.

CONCLUSION
A specialised foot clinic reduces morbidity and cost in diabetes foot care. Central figures in this clinic are a chiropodist and a nurse, supported by a surgeon and specialists in internal diseases, rehabilitation and footwear.


We examine whether international tourism affects financial market investments. Using data for more than 40 countries, we demonstrate that recreational travel between countries is associated with higher levels of foreign equity investments. Increased foreign investments lead to a reduction in home bias and improved diversification. The impact of tourism is stronger for countries that are farther apart or when home country residents are more risk averse. Using predictors of recreational travel as instruments, we show that the relation between foreign travel and foreign equity investments is causal. Collectively, these results suggest that tourism has positive externalities in financial markets.


without giving reasons. Of the 32 patients completing the course of therapy, 19 were judged to have benefited considerably from the skin cleanser foam, eight others derived some benefit and only five showed no improvement attributable to the povidone-iodine skin cleanser. The results obtained were not appreciably afTected by the choice of concomitant therapy, the apparently greatest difference between the group on oral contraceptives (best) and those given oxytetracycline (worst) did not reach statistical significance (X=c3.15).


Sirih duduk or  Piper sarmentosum  Roxb. ex Hunter have been long used the people in Indonesia for traditional medicine to cure various diseases. One of them was used to treat fungoid diseases. This research was aimed to examine the anticandidaisis activity from extract of  P. sarmentosum  leaves and to isolate and identify the anticandidaisis compounds from  P. sarmentosum  leaves. The isolation bioactive compounds of  P. sarmentosum leaves was performed by extraction the powder of  P. sarmentosum  leaves using methanol and the bioactivity tests were performed against  Candida albicans . The methanol extracts was then fractionated using organic solvents such as n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Identification of the bioactive compounds was carried out using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, fourier transform infra red spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The result showed that the chloroform fraction of methanol extract of  P. sarmentosum  leaves have activity against  C. albicans.  The fractionation was performed by coloumn chromatography using  n -hexane-ethyl acetate(1:1) eluent. A bioactive compound of sinamic acid derivative was 4-ethoxy-2-hidroxy-3,5-dimethoxy sinamic acid could be purely isolated.


Although there are many approaches and methods to protect user privacy, most of them work best for normal cases. In several particular situations, they would lead to privacy leak. Our approach is to overcome these exceptional scenarios by being aware of user context. In this paper, we propose a context-aware privacy-preserving solution for location-based services. With our system architecture as the backbone, we present our privacy-protecting strategy to deal with privacy breach by using cache and hybrid obfuscation. Furthermore, we analyze the contexts of privacy leak, even with privacy-preserving techniques, and show that our solution can get over them by providing either full or probabilistic privacy protection. The former gives no privacy risk to the end-user while the latter completely preserves the attack probability at least 1/k for all cases.


This report describes the major progress in understanding the physics of transition metals in silicon and their possible impact on the efficiency of solar cells that was achieved during the three-year span of this subcontract. We found that metal-silicide precipitates and dissolved 3d transition metals can be relatively easily gettered. Gettering and passivating treatments must take into account the individuality of each transition metal. Our studies demonstrated how significant is the difference between defect reactions of copper and iron. Copper does not significantly affect the minority-carrier diffusion length in p-type silicon, at least as long as its concentration is low, but readily precipitates in n-type silicon. Therefore, copper precipitates may form in the area of p-n junctions and cause shunts in solar cells. Fortunately, copper precipitates are present mostly in the chemical state of copper-silicide and can relatively easily be dissolved. In contrast, iron was found to form clusters of iron-oxides and iron-silicates in the wafers. These clusters are thermodynamically stable even in high temperatures and are extremely difficult to remove. The formation of iron-silicates was observed at temperatures over 900C.


In this work, we solve numerically initial value problems (IVP) in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) by Euler method. The proposed method is presented from the point of view Taylor's algorithm which invariably simplifies the demanding analysis. The method is quite efficient and practically well suited for solving these problems. Many examples are considered to validate the accuracy and easy application of the proposed method. We compared the approximate solutions with the analytical solution and found out that the approximate solutions converge to the exact solutions monotonically. In addition, to achieve more accuracy in the solutions, the step size needs to be very small. Lastly, we analyzed the error terms for the method for different steps sizes and compared also by appropriate examples to demonstrate the reliability and efficiency.


Crack width estimation through remote imaging and digital image processing are the leading diagnostic technologies used for infrastructure. However, owing to limitations in the accuracy of these techniques, alternative methods to detect target crack widths larger than the diagnostic standard are being developed. In this study, the coordinates of fiducial markers were extracted using the Harris corner detector, and fine crack widths of approximately 0.3 mm or less were estimated using the ground sample distance, varied numbers of adjusted pixels, and varied focal lengths. The results of these examinations were compared with the measured values. As a result, it was confirmed that the number of pixels rather than the ground sample distance was the dominant factor affecting the accuracy of the estimated value, and the accuracy could be improved by adjusting the number of pixels, increasing the focal length, and ensuring an effective object distance. The results showed the feasibility of estimating fine crack widths with a high accuracy through the fiducial-marker-based method under the aforementioned conditions. In the future, if the number of crack samples is increased and more detailed focal length and object distance data are supported, this method may provide estimations with a higher accuracy.


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver condition in the developed world and may progress to more severe forms of disease such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Thus, steps taken to reduce its prevalence through preventative nutritional approaches such as functional foods and nutraceuticals (FFN) should be pursued. It is well known that certain lipotropic nutrients such as choline and metabolites betaine and phosphatidylcholine (PC; lecithin) could prevent or alleviate fatty liver through a variety of mechanisms, including increased hepatic VLDL secretion. Animal and human studies have demonstrated clear protective effects of choline, betaine and PC for NAFLD as well as possible roles in CVD prevention from epidemiological data. Currently, choline consumption is below dietary recommendations due in large part to a general lack of understanding regarding the importance of this nutrient for human health. As lecithin is commonly added (in small amounts) in many processed foods due to its functional capabilities, it is projected that increasing its abundance in the food supply and increasing consumer education and acceptance of lecithin-based functional foods and nutraceuticals may represent a progressive step towards preventing liver and whole-body metabolic pathologies in many areas of the world.


This is an annual technical report on the Phase 2 of a three-year phased research program. The principal objective of the research project is to develop novel and low-cost processes for the fabrication of stable and efficient CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} and CdTe polycrystalline-thin-film solar cells using reliable techniques amenable to scale-up for economic, large-scale manufacture. The aims are to develop a process for the non-toxic selenization so as to avoid the use of extremely toxic H{sub 2}Se in the fabrication of CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} thin-film solar cells; to optimize selenization parameters; to develop a process for the fabrication of CdTe solar cells using Cd and Te layers sputtered from elemental targets; to develop an integrated process for promoting the interdiffusion between Cd/Te layers, CdTe phase formation, grain growth, type conversion, and junction formation; to improve adhesion; to minimize residual stresses; to improve the metallic back-contact; to improve the uniformity, stoichiometry, and morphology of CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} and CdTe thin films; and to improve the efficiency of CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} and CdTe solar cells.


With the development of railway transportation, the traffic load increased continuously and it had the adverse effect on the system of pier-foundation. The quantitative analysis of the load supplied on the top pier is necessary for analyzing the dynamic response of pier-foundation system. Based on the theory of vibration inverse analysis and finite element method, the paper identified the dynamical load supplied on the top pier in vertical and the transverse direction. Combined with the vibration and acceleration history measured by the field test in Xiaolinhe Bridge, the vertical and transverse direction vibration-load history curves were calculated when the train speeds were 153 km/h and 206 km/h respectively. The results indicated that the amplitude of dynamic load increased with the higher speed of train.


The vibronic magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectrum of the electronically forbidden 260 nm 1A1g→1B2u transition in benzene is analyzed in terms of e2g vibrational modes. The negative MCD progression is aasigned to the e2g 608 cm−1 and 1596 cm−1 modes and the positive progression to the e2g 1178 cm−1 and 3056 cm−1 modes. Experimental MCD and absorption spectra of benzene and benzene‐d6 in solution at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature are reported. Magnetic rotational strengths and oscillator strengths associated with each of the four e2g vibrations in benzene and benzene‐d6 have been calculated by two different methods: a perturbation treatment involving the π electrons only, and a CNDO calculation for a geometry in which the nuclei are distorted along a normal coordinate. The results of the two calculations agree reasonably well with each other and with experiment. Two terms that dominate the magnetic rotational strengths are identified.


The LEM-Ⅱdrilling fluid lubricity evaluation monitor is extensively used to evaluate the lubricating performances of the drilling fluid.But it has some disadvantages: operation complexity,maintenance difficulty,data processing inconvenience.For improving the testing ability of the LEM-Ⅱ,an improving study for the electric system of the LEM-Ⅱ is presented.In this paper,the principle of the LEM-Ⅱ is described,the composition of the improving electrical system′s software and hardware are discussed and the calibration method of the improving LEM-Ⅱ is studied.The experimental results show that the improved system has the same precision as the old and possesses the high testing stability,the operator simplicity,the data processing convenience,and so on.


Napoleonic or later. A note on the use of ratebooks in association with census enumerators' books (Southsea, Hampshire in search of the houses designed by the architect T. E. Owen, 1838-62) suggests that the comparison can help to build mid-century urban topography in detail. Swift's study of food riots in Exeter, 1847-1867, adds substantially to our knowledge of this well-researched city; it examines not just the causes of these disturbances but also the emergence of the police rather than the military as a means of controlling riots. Riots, it is suggested, lasted longer in Exeter than elsewhere because of conservative governing attitudes towards the economy and the emergence of working-class politics, so that riots served as 'a release valve for social discontent'. A study of voting patterns in the borough elections at Lewes in 1865 and 1868 shows how the Second Reform Act strengthened the hopes of the Conservatives (who lost the two seats from this county town in 1847 but were gradually recovering their strength) but denied them a victory by cutting the number of seats from two to one. This is a long and thorough study of the influence of religious affiliation, cultural and economic interest groups, employed status connections and the 'urban peasants' on voting patterns; does he perhaps under-estimate outside influences, both direct and indirect? Two other studies are suggestive. An examination of the payment of poor relief in Southampton from 1919 to 1939 suggests that the ratepayers preferred to save money rather than relieve suffering; that different devices were sought to alleviate the costs involved; that the replacement of the Board of Guardians by the Public Assistance Committee in 1930 caused or coincided with a substantial rise in the level of poor relief expenditure; and that it was central government interference which in the end modified attitudes towards 'paupers' which endured into the late 1930s. Finally, prompted by the Blake Report, there is a study of the way local and regional history is taught to the undergraduate, postgraduate and extra-mural students of the universities of this region. In sum, this is a useful volume showing something of the health of local studies in the south and by allowing a serious outlet for such work a spur to the development of similar research.


Incremental relaying (IR) has been widely studied in the cooperative communications literature in order to tradeoff between the improved signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and spatial diversity provided by a relay, and the additional time required by it to forward data to a destination. When multiple relays are present, several variants of IR with relay selection (RS) have been proposed and analyzed. These select one among the available relays to forward data only if the SNR of the source-to-destination (SD) link is either less than a threshold or less than the end-to-end SNR of at least one of the relays. However, an in-depth analysis of the average rate of the rate-optimal RS rule for IR, which turns out to be a non-linear function of the SNR of the SD link, and insights into its behavior are not available in the literature. We derive novel, closed-form expressions for this important performance metric. We further develop an insightful asymptotic analysis that helps to quantify the rate gain over direct transmission and characterizes the effect of various system parameters. We also extensively benchmark the performance of the rate-optimal RS rule against several IR variants proposed in the literature. We present numerical results to verify the analysis and show the impact of imperfect channel state information.


Africa rising is a raging discourse among policy wonks and African scholars. Some have questioned the veracity of this proposition, while others agree that indeed Africa's prospects are incontrovertible. In this article, the author developed an exegesis to theorize that Africa's future growth, at least for the next one century, shall depend on three praxes: internet of things, population growth and the eventual implementation of AfCFTA. Internet of things accentuated by increased internet connectivity is going to create prodigious solutions to African problems, especially in increasing financial inclusion, solving election malpractices through blockchain technology, raising income earnings for rural communities via the sharing economy and improving agribusiness productivity through smart farming. These solutions will mostly target small-holder business players and poor households in hinterland Africa, aiming to lift them from poverty and narrowing the inequality gap. Besides, Africa's population growth is estimated to reach 2.4 billion by 2050 and theorized to create a market revolution punctuated by a demographic dividend of 15–64-year-olds. The youthful population shall be necessary for providing workforce and technological innovations for driving the wheels of growth in the continent. Moreover, AfCFTA shall be the largest Free Trade Area since the formation of WTO, providing a 1.2 billion people mass market (Signe, 2018: 3). In retrospect, the author intends to demonstrate that the three pathways – the internet of things, population growth and AfCFTA – shall be quintessential building blocks for actualizing the Africa Rising narrative.


According to the current relevant standards and specifications at home and abroad, this paper studies the acceptance tests which must be performed to validate whether the grid-connection/splitting process and grid-connection operation of the Microgrids meet the relevant technical requirements or not. Combining the technical requirements of the Microgrids, this paper gives the conditions, measuring instruments, general process and acceptance standards of the acceptance tests, and focuses on the designing of acceptance tests of key operation, operation parameters and protection functions of the Microgrids, such as grid-connection/splitting process, power quality during the grid-connection operation and reverse power and short-circuit protection, etc. The relevant test methods, specific steps and acceptance standards are proposed. This paper can provide a good foundation and basis for designing the acceptance tests specification of the Microgrids.


Lieutenant Alsup describes how he became an accident statistic--even though he considers himself a good driver: he was on vacation with his brother, drove a bit too fast and too long, and was fatigued. There were no serious injuries but it took a week to fix the car. Now, he does not push himself so hard!


We propose a combined spatial and non-spatial probabilistic modeling methodology on the basis of an inspection task performed by a group of miniature robots. Our models explicitly consider spatiality and yield accurate predictions on system performance. An agent's spatial distribution over time is modeled by the Fokker-Planck diusion model and complements current non-spatial microscopic and macroscopic models that model the discrete state distribution of the robot swarm. We validate our models on a microscopic level based on real experiments as well as realistic embodied robot simulations. Subsequently, abstraction is raised to the level of macroscopic dierence


Xanthomonas albilineans, which causes leaf scald disease of sugarcane, produces a highly potent pathotoxin and antibiotic called albicidin that was shown to inhibit DNA replication in both sugarcane proplastids and Escherichia coli. Low yields of albicidin production in slow growing X. albilineans have slowed studies of its chemical structure and potential therapeutic applications. Albicidin is synthesized by a unique hybrid PKS/NRPS (polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthase) pathway that does not resemble any other described to date. We report here the transfer of the entire 49 kb albicidin biosynthetic gene cluster from X. albilineans into X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and the subsequent production of an antibiotic active against E. coli that shows cross-resistance with albicidin. The yield of this antibiotic in X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria is 6 times higher than in X. albilineans. This study demonstrates the feasibility to transfer the albicidin pathway into an heterologous host and offers a promising strategy to overproduce, characterize and explore potential therapeutic applications of this potent antibiotic. (Texte integral)


The commercial board game Cranium is the inspiration for an educational exercise developed for both undergraduate and graduate teaching assistants (TAs) in chemistry. Catalyze! has been used to highlight the value of game-based active learning while serving as a review of factors that influence undergraduate students' persistence and success in chemistry studies, as well as teaching techniques and resources TAs can draw on to help students realize their academic potential. Players are challenged to consider common teaching and learning scenarios under five card categories: study strategies, prior knowledge and misconceptions, motivation and mindset, classroom climate, and social and personal issues. Overall, TAs appreciate the engagement and insights afforded them by the game. Catalyze! scenarios can be easily customized across disciplines and for use at other institutions, and the game can be incorporated in a variety of TA professional development contexts.


This study investigates how Chinese learners of Spanish, who have a T/V distinction in their first language (L1),
 use the T/V address forms in Spanish as a second language (L2). Findings show that the learners rely mainly on their L1 pragmatic
 knowledge to employ the T/V in the L2. Despite having relatively good grammatical control of T/V, the learners produced frequent
 T/V alternation due to negative pragmatic transfer. In Chinese using V normally conveys speaker's perception of a high-power
 differential and in relationships that are borderline T or V usage, shifting from T to V can convey deference and tends to
 co-occur with face-threatening or face-enhancing acts. The learners transferred from Chinese their tendency to use V to express
 deference and overutilized this politeness strategy in Spanish regardless of their relationship with the addressee. This
 problematic usage may generate negative social consequences and calls for pedagogical intervention.


How do subalterns imagine their membership in India's political community? Many scholars argue that they imbibe the egalitarian ideals in India's political–economic sphere. Others suggest that subalterns identify the modernising impulses of the political–economic sphere as a greater threat to their ways of life.  Intervening in this debate, recent research enlivens analysts to the perspective that the political–economic sphere of the state cannot be unambiguously mapped onto modernity. Nor, for that matter, can the socio-cultural sphere be regarded as singular realm of uninterrupted tradition. This article is offered as a contribution to this strand of the scholarship. By exploring endogenous egalitarian impulses among subaltern groups in India, I seek to interrogate the widely prevailing notion that ideas associated with modernity are the preserve of and emanate from elites in the political–economic sphere of the Indian state. Subalterns eschew notions of hierarchy and value ideas of equality and social justice without necessarily drawing on statist vocabularies in their assertions.


Abstract The drilling of shape-memory alloys based on nickel-titanium (Nitinol) is challenging due to their unique properties, such as high strength, high hardness and strong work hardening, which results in excessive tool wear and damage to the material. In this study, an attempt has been made to characterize the drillability of Nitinol by investigating the process/cooling interaction. Four different combinations of process/cooling have been studied as conventional drilling with flood cooling (CD-Wet) and with minimum quantity lubrication (CD-MQL), ultrasonic-assisted drilling with flood cooling (UAD-Wet) and with MQL (UAD-MQL). The drill bit wear, drilling forces, chip morphology and drilled hole quality are used as the performance measures. The results show that UAD conditions result in lower feed forces than CD conditions, with a 31.2% reduction in wet and a 15.3% reduction in MQL on average. The lowest feed forces are observed in UAD-Wet conditions due to better coolant penetration in the cutting zone. The UAD-Wet yielded the lowest tool wear, while CD-MQL exhibited the most severe. UAD demonstrated a ∼50% lower tool wear in the wet condition than CD and a 38.7% in the MQL condition. UAD is shown to outperform the CD process in terms of drilled-hole accuracy.


We introduce \(p^*\)-closed sets and obtain new characterizations of pre-\(R_0\) and pre-\(R_1\) spaces. Necessary and sucient conditions are obtained forthe \(p^*\)-closedness of a strongly compact (countably \(p\)-compact) set in pre-\(R_1\) (pre-sequential, pre-\(R_1\)), \(p\)-normal (pre-sequential, p-normal)and also in \(p^*\)-normal (pre- sequential, \(p^*\)-normal) spaces introduced in the paper.


—Scientific research teams often find themselves in remote working situations due to their internationality. Incredibly complex technological projects demand close collaboration and knowledge-sharing management. Remote teamwork, especially in cutting-edge scientific technology development, comes with various challenges that can negatively influence the overall team performance and commitment to the project. Within the EU-Japan (EU-/MIC-funded) project e-VITA, a consortium of 22 multidisciplinary partners and around 80 people work on research regarding a virtual assistant for healthy and active aging. We conducted qualitative data within the consortium after nine months of teamwork to understand the influence of collaboration on commitment, personal performance, efficiency, and work outcome. Based on this research's outcome, we built a framework for future scientific research projects and consortia to increase efficiency and quality of teamwork, thus researchers' well-being.


The present study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside (POGD) and its possible mechanisms. The anti-proliferative effects of POGD on MH7A cells were detected using a CCK-8 assay, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-17A, were determined by ELISA. A type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of POGD in vivo. The paw volumes, arthritis indices and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)4, Smad7, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated (p-)JNK, p-P38, P38, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, ERK1/2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in the nucleus (N), cytosolic NF-κB p65 (C), and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) were determined by western blot analysis. The results indicated that POGD significantly inhibited MH7A cell growth. POGD markedly inhibited paw swelling and the arthritis indices of the CIA rats, and POGD may also inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, POGD downregulated the expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad4, NF-κB p65 (N), p38, p-p38, p-ERK1/2, JNK, p-JNK, TGF-β1, Smad4, p-JNK, JNK, p-P38, P38, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65 (N), and upregulated the Smad7, NF-κB p65 (C) and IκB in TNF-α induced MH7A cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that POGD is a promising potential anti-inflammatory drug, and that POGD may decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators via inhibiting the TGF-β/NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.


To develop the healthy/functional food ingredients of soluble β-glucan extracted from oat bran concentrate (OBC), the glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI, %) and the effect on the blood glucose concentration of diabetic rats were investigated. The GDRI value of glucose dialysis after 4 hours w...


Aim of the study: To estimate the prevalence of acute diarrhoea in children under 5 years in a rural population and to study the different modalities of treatment adopted by the caregivers. Methodology: This was a population based study in which a total of three hundred under 5 children having acute diarrhoea at the time of interview or had acute diarrhoea in the preceding 2 weeks were included. Details of acute diarrhoea and treatment modalities were obtained among the respondents of under 5 children. A per-test questionnaire was used as a data collection tool and face to face interviews were conducted. All the data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22 software. Chi square/Fisher Extract/Student t test and ANOVA test has been used. Results: The prevalence of Acute diarrhoea was found to be 30.5% (95% CI 19.4% - 38.5%). The prevalence of acute diarrhoea among males and females were 31.4% and 29.8% respectively. Children in the age group 7-12 months had the highest prevalence of diarrhoea to the extent of 43.5% followed by the age group 13-24 months, 0-6 months and group 25 months.Oral Rehydration Therapy use rate was found to be 47.6% (95% CI 56.5 – 76.9). There was no marked difference in ORT use among male and female children. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute diarrhoea among under 5 children was found to be 30.5 % and the most vulnerable age group was 7-12 months which corresponds to the time of weaning. The ORT use rate was found to be 67.2% much higher than other studies. The ORT use rate was higher among literate mother.


We used laser interference lithography to fabricate organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with gold Bragg gratings on top of the indium-tin-oxide layer for efficient light management. We built polymer OLEDs with 15 and 30 nm gold grating thickness as well as reference devices with continuous gold layers and without gold layer. Electrical and optical device characterization was performed and compared to optical simulations. The gratings extract waveguide and substrate modes and change the angular and spectral emission characteristics by cavity effects. The combination of light extraction and cavity effects leads to 25–30% enhancement in power efficiency compared to reference devices.


There is no scientific evidence to support the affirmation that organic food is more nutritious or that its production is more sustainable than traditional food. In addition, productivity is very low and, concomitantly, the price is higher. This article reviews the basics of EU regulations on organic food production and concludes that, for the most part, they mislead the consumer and are not science based. Most of them rely on concepts related to the appeal-to-nature fallacy, with the explicit presence of pseudosciences, such as homeopathy or biodynamic agriculture. On the other hand, interesting aspects such as the carbon footprint or local production are not present in the regulations, and technological improvements that could be useful for organic food production are excluded.


In this article we are analyzing the specifications of Turkisms penetration in accentual system of Russian language, filling of accentual hole of new oxytone with Turkisms, which served as a sign of oriental lexical units.We're also covering the effect of Turkisms' accentuation on the productivity activation of Russian word-formation elements.


In this paper, we present a catalog that includes 141 bright candidates (⩽10.27 mag, V band) showing an excess of infrared (IR) at 22 μm. Of these 141 candidates, 38 stars are known IR-excess stars or disks, 23 stars are double or multiple stars, and 4 are Be stars while the remaining more than 70 stars are identified as 22 μm excess candidates in our work. The criterion for selecting candidates is Ks − [22]μm. All these candidates are selected from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer all-sky data cross-correlated with the Hipparcos main catalog and the likelihood-ratio technique is employed. Considering the effect of background, we introduce the IRAS 100 μm level to exclude the high background. We also estimate the coincidence probability of these sources. In addition, we present the optical to mid-IR spectral energy distributions and optical images for all the candidates, and give the observed optical spectra of six stars with the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences' 2.16 m telescope. To measure for the amount of dust around each star, the fractional luminosity is also provided. We also test whether our method of selecting IR-excess stars can be used to search for extra-solar planets; we cross-match our catalog with known IR-excess stars with planets but found no matches. Finally, we give the fraction of stars showing excess IR for different spectral types of main-sequence stars.


The theory of equilibrium enthalpy fluctuations in resistors is presented. Measurements of excess noise in an electrolyte resistor are compared with the Green's function for change in resistance caused by changes in power dissipation. The two measurements are found to obey a relationship predicted by thermodynamics.


Abstract It is shown that the requirement that the basic unformly-oriented state of equilibrium of a nematic liquid crystal be stable to small disturbances leads to Parodi's relation between the viscosity coefficients, provided the material aligns in shear flow. This relation was first derived from Onsager reciprocal relations.


Worldwide efforts to eliminate bank secrecy and foster transparency in international currency flows have accelerated significantly in recent years. The identification of tax havens and potentially harmful tax practices and regimes gives rise to a considerable potential for preventing distortions and violations that could undermine the benefits of enhanced capital mobility in today's global economy. In the light of the aforementioned, the aim of this article is to detail: 1. efforts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to eliminate «unfair tax competition»; 2. efforts of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) to reduce international money laundering; 3. steps being taken in the European Union (EU) to combat money laundering and tax evasion. The author analyzes the OECD's efforts to create a firm international platform for global tax information exchange. The Article also touches upon the FATF initiatives to combat money laundering: a) the FATF Forty Recommendations setting out a comprehensive and consistent framework of international standards which countries should implement in order to combat money laundering and terrorist financing; b) identification of jurisdictions which have the substantial and on-going money laundering and terrorist financing risks and strategic deficiencies; c) inclusion of certain anti-money laundering recommendations applicable to business and professions beyond the financial services industry; d) ongoing investigations of compliance with the Forty Recommendations by FATF members and by other states (mutual evaluations); e) helping national governments and financial institutions to ensure adequate and accurate information on the beneficial ownership. In the last part of the Article, the author analyses enforcement measures to combat money laundering adopted in the EU that go further beyond FATF recommendations.


AbstractCemented paste backfill (CPB) is widely applied in underground mines around the world. Prior to stope backfilling, barricades need to be built in drifts near drawpoints to retain the flowable fill. A number of reported barricade failures have shown that barricade stability is critical for ensuring successful and safe application of backfill. The barricades are usually made of high-strength materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, or reinforced shotcrete. Alternatively, barricades made of waste rocks are becoming popular because of their simple and low-cost construction. A simple solution was proposed for sizing waste rock barricades (WRBs) by considering the limit equilibrium of a three-dimensional (3D)-rectangular block. More recently, the authors modified this solution by considering the global stability of trapezoidal barricades, but the local stability was not taken into account. Consequently, the size of the crest can be underestimated, leading to a nonconservative design. In this paper, a ...


Research on categories indicates that superordinate categories lack informativeness because they are represented by only a few attributes while subordinate categories lack cognitive economy because they are represented by too many attributes (e.g., Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976). Basic level categories balance informativeness and cognitive economy: They represent the most attributes common to category members and the fewest attributes shared across categories. Green (2006) has suggested that the universality of basic level categories can be used for building crosswalks between classificatory systems. However, studies of basic level categories in KO systems have assumed that the notion of a basic level category is understood and have failed to operationalize the notion of "basic level category" before applying it in the analysis of user-generated vocabularies. Heidegger's (1953/1996) notion of handiness (i.e., zuhandenheit, or being ―at hand‖) can provide a framework for understanding the unstable and relational nature of basic level categories and for operationalizing basic level categories in KO research. A substantial body of research indicates that basic level categories are the first categories formed during perception of the environment, the first learned by children, and those most used in language (e.g., Mervis & Crisafi, 1982; Tversky & Hemenway, 1983). In his seminal article, Roger Brown (1958), who is often identified as the first researcher to have theorized the existence of a basic level of categorization (e.g., Lakoff, 1986; Murphy 2002), described how parents teach their children to name and categorize objects. He argued that the ―name of a thing, the one that tells what it  ̳really' is, is the name that constitutes the referent as it needs to be constituted for most purposes‖ (p. 17). Brown points out that, while some names given to an object are ―recategorizations‖ that represent ―acts of imagination‖ (p. 17), the names of things as they really are serve as true representations of the referent. Brown's contention that category names of things represent things "as they are" -as the thing "needs to be constituted for most purposes" -foreshadowed Eleanor Rosch's theory of basic level categories. Drawing inspiration from Brown's (1958) observations and from Wittgenstein's (1953/1963) discussions of language use, Rosch and her colleagues (Rosch & Mervis, 1975; Rosch et al., 1976) developed the theory of basic level categories. Rosch (1978) argued that, in the perceived world, information-rich bundles of perceptual and functional attributes form natural discontinuities and that basic cuts in categorization are made at these discontinuities (p. 31). Working from these assumptions, Rosch et al. (1976; Rosch, 1978) defined basic level categories as most inclusive because they convey "the most information, possess the highest cue validity, and are, thus, the most differentiated from one another‖ (Rosch et al., 1976, p. 383). According to Rosch and Mervis (1975): Basic objects (for example, chair, car) are the most inclusive level of abstraction at which categories can mirror the correlational structure ... of the environment and the most inclusive level at which there can be many attributes common to all or most members of the categories. (p. 586) Thus, while experimental studies have suggested that superordinate categories lack informativeness because they are represented by only a few attributes and that subordinate categories lack cognitive economy because they are represented by too many attributes (Rosch & Mervis, 1975), basic level categories provide a balance between informativeness and cognitive economy because they represent the most inclusive level of abstraction: the level at which the greatest number of attributes are common to category members (e.g.,


Abstract A new species, Amara (Bradytulus) shalulishanica Hieke & Kavanaugh, sp. n. (type locality: Haizishan Yakou, 29.47366°N, 100.21921°E, 4623 m, Shalulishan, Zhuosang Township, Litang County, Sichuan Province, China) is described and diagnosed. Additional records are provided for 16 other Amara species, each of which represents one of five different geographical distribution types, which are discussed.


The accumulation of arsenic by Traustochytrium sp. CHN-1 (Labyrinthulids) was examined by using a medium [2% (w/v) glucose, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.1% (w/v) peptone in a half salt concentration of sea water] containing arsenic as As (V), As(III). Traustochytrium sp. CHN-1 was grown in 1/2 sea water medium [2% (w/v) glucose, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.1% (w/v) peptone] containing an arsenate (As(V)) at up to 1000 mg dm -3 and arsenite (As(III)) at up to 50 mg dm 3 . The cells died even at [As(III)]-100 mg dm -3 . These results suggested that the order of growth inhibition of Traustochytrium sp. CHN-1 by arsenic was As(III) > As(V). The biomass of Traustochytrium sp. CHN-1 decreased with an increase of the surrounding arsenic concentration. On the other hand, the arsenic concentration in cells increased with an increase of the surrounding arsenic concentration. Arsenic compounds were extracted with methanol/water (1:1) from a freeze-dried sample of Traustochytrium sp. CHN-1. The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer serving as an arsenic-specific detector. Arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and arsenosugar were identified in Traustochytrium sp. CHN-1. The order of arsenic species in Traustochytrium sp. CHN-1 was As(V) > DMAA > As(III) > MMAA > arsenosugar at [As]-10 mg dm -3 in the medium. Detoxification of arsenic by cells was probably achieved by methylation.


Social networks (SNs) are sources with extreme number of users around the world who are all sharing data like images, audio, and video to their friends using IoT devices. This concept is the so-called Social Internet of Things (SIot). The evolving nature of edge-cloud computing has enabled storage of a large volume of data from various sources, and this task demands an efficient storage procedure. For this kind of large volume of data storage, the usage of data replication using edge with geo-distributed cloud service area is suited to fulfill the user's expectations with low latency. The major issue is the way to store the data and replicate these large data items optimally and allocate the request from the data center efficiently. For efficient storage of these data, we use edge server, which is part of the cloud server, in this study. Thus, the data are distributed and stored with quick access, which will reduce the latency with response. The proposed data placement approach learns with machine learning (ML) algorithm called radial basis kernel function assisted with support vector machine (RBF-SVM) to classify the data center for storing the user and friend's data from the SIoT devices. These learning algorithms will be used to predict the workload of the data stored in the data center as either edge or cloud depending on the existing time slots. The data placement with dynamic nature is also optimized using the proposed dynamic graph partitioning (GP) method to meet the individual user's demand of low latency with minimum costs. This way will keep the SIoT data placement efficient and effective over time. Accordingly, this proposed data placement and replication approach introduces three kinds of innovations compared with the existing data placement approach. (i) Rather than storing the user data in a single cloud, this study uses the edge server closest to the SIoT devices for faster access with reduced response time. (ii) The classification algorithm called RBF-SVM is used to find storage for user for reducing data replication. (iii) Dynamic GP is introduced for data placement with reduced latency and minimum cost to fulfil the dynamic nature of the SN. The simulation result of this approach obtains reduced latency of 130 ms and minimum cost compared with those of the existing data placement approaches. Therefore, our proposed data placement with ML-based learning on edge provides promising results in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and performance with reduced latency and minimum cost. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Computer Systems Science & Engineering DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.019507 Article ech T Press Science


In Weishan County of Yunnan province,the phenophase,forage yield,stem/lamina ratio,green and fresh grass ratio,nutrition composition of dry matter and intake rate of 13 silage pasturage varieties were tested.The results showed that the dry matter yields of Pacesetter plus,Hunnigreen and M-8IE were significantly higher than those of maize varieties;among the maize varieties,Donglong No.1,Danke 2143,Donglingbai and Quchen No.3 grew better and had higher yields.Hunnigreen,Donglong No.1,Pacesetter plus and Euchlaena mexicana had higher yields of dry matter and adapted well to the native climate.Therefore,it is suggested that these 4 varieties can be promoted to be silage pasturage in the areas with the similar climate as Weishan County.


In this study, we introduce a sensing platform based on a plasmonic metasurface absorber (MA) with a vertical nanogap for the ultrasensitive detection of monolayer molecules. The vertical nanogap of the MA, where the extremely high near-field is uniformly distributed and exposed to the external environment, is formed by an under-cut structure between a metallic cross nanoantenna and the mirror layer. The accessible sensing area and the enhanced near-field of the MA further enhance the sensitivity of surface-enhanced infrared absorption for the target molecule of 1-octadecanethiol. To provide strong coupling between the molecular vibrations and plasmonic resonance, the design parameters of the MA with a vertical nanogap are numerically designed.


The aim of the chapter is to propose a ToBI transcription system for French, F_ToBI. The system is designed in such a way as to (i) be (surface) transparent and easily learnable by researchers working in different theoretical frameworks; and to (ii) make the exchange of data more feasible. It is couched in the Autosegmental Metrical framework and follows the usual ToBI conventions. This is to facilitate research in prosodic typology in particular within Romance, for which ToBI-style systems are often used. F_ToBI is designed to transcribe distinct intonation contours that are generally accepted in the literature on French intonation and which are supported by the analysis of empirical data. While it is inspired by existing theoretical accounts of French phrasing and intonation – both within and outside the Autosegmental Metrical framework – it does not follow one single precursor, since its primary goal is to allow for an adequate and comprehensive transcription of French prosody in a cross-dialectal perspective. 3.


Essential Tremor (ET) refers to involuntary movements of a part of the body. ET patients have serious difficulties in performing their daily living activities. Our ultimate goal is to develop a system that can enable ET patients to perform their daily living activities. We are in the process of developing an exoskeletal robot for ET patients. This robot is controlled by estimation of voluntary movement using surface electromyogram (EMG) signal input and a Neural Network (NN) learning algorithm. However, the EMG signal of ET patients contains not only signals from voluntary movements but also noise from involuntary tremors. We have therefore developed a signal processing method to suppress tremor noise present in the surface EMG signal. The proposed filter is based on the hypothesis that tremor noise can be approximated to powered sine wave. It have been confirmed that the proposed filter increases the accuracy of recognition. In this paper, we have focused on the effect of inconsistency of weight load between instruction signal and input signal. When the instruction signal comprised unloaded motion, our voluntary movement estimation method worked stably with the loaded motion's EMG input.


Res_eng:Nanofibrous materials have a huge potential for the development of both extracellular matrices for tissue engineering applications and new systems for therapeutic agents delivery. In this chapter, the fundamentals for preparation of polymeric or composite nanofibrous matrices by electrospinning of solutions are briefly presented. Although electrospinning is a versatile technique for nanofiber production, the process is very complex and it depends on numerous processing parameters and intrinsic properties of the solution. The main variables that affect the process, the commercially available equipment and recent developments are described. In the biomedical field, several strategies for cell incorporation, techniques for pore enlargement and cellular infiltration improvement as well as cell behavior in nanofibrous structures, are presented. Among the main applications in the biomedical field, the ongoing research advances in tissue engineering (bone, cartilage, vascular, nerve and skin) and the development of multifunctional matrices for controlled release of therapeutic agents are discussed. Future perspectives on development and new applications of nanofibrous biomaterials are finally mentioned.


The effects of long-term optical displacement of the visual stimulus were measured in a wide variety of sensory coordinations. The pattern of changes observed indicated that a transient adaptation in the proprioceptive system is succeeded by a stable adaptation in the visual system. It was found that viewing the whole body during optical displacement, rather than just a part of it, serves to induce the visual adaptation.


This paper presents the design, mathematical background and performance studies of a new chaotic emulator circuit. The circuit exhibits various chaotic phenomena by emulating multiple jerk equations. The circuit is designed using simple and easy-to-use components like operational amplifiers, passive components, and a single switch. It uses an inductor-free and diode-less architecture; thus eliminating the nonideal parameters of these elements. The circuit operates in three modes; each mode exhibiting a different chaotic behaviour. Detailed working of the circuit and its ability to follow jerk equations are explained in the paper. This is followed by performance studies, first using a SPICE software and then using experimentation. These studies validate the capacity of the proposed circuit to emulate multiple jerk equations and various chaotic attractors. The experimental studies corroborate well with simulation and results mentioned in previous works.


This paper describes an eleven channel artificial nerve signal generator with a programmable inter-channel time delay using only a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a small number of passive external components. The FPGA is used to create a novel, linearised Pulse Width Modulation scheme which would not be possible with other alternatives technologies such as a micro controller. This signal generator can be used in the testing of multi-electrode cuff system tests without needing to resort to the use of a real nerve. Techniques are developed to improve precision of the signal waveform without increasing cost or hardware complexity. The system described has applicability in other areas where multiple, time skewed, low voltage signals are required. The waveform signal shape and time delay can be modified easily to match the new application.


This study aims to assess the productivity of Lao economy and manufacturing industry based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. Firms in enterprise survey and economic census survey are used for quantitative analysis facilitated by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit estimate. The study argues that Laos could develop the manufacturing industry further in the future since its share in GDP is small. Improving the productivity is crucial to develop manufacturing industry in the future. There is a room to improve the productivity via efficiency component since many existing firms achieved only 20-40 percent of their full efficiency. To end this, this study proposes that the policy interventions for short term should be prioritized in the areas of introduction of accounting system, credit access and international quality certification to manufacturing firms. Whereas, the infrastructure development and increasing market access are considered as the medium and long-term policy recommendation. The experience of Japan shows that economic growth was driven by manufacturing sector. With panel data, the sources of productivity growth for Japanese firms can be decomposed and analyzed. It reveals that although firms made technological progress boosting productivity but they were less efficient over time during the study periods, which implies that such technologies were underutilized. The case study of Japan indicates that the availability of statistics is essential to improve research on productivity analysis of Lao economy and industries in the future. Therefore, the statistics on Lao industries needs to be urgently improved especially Economic Census Survey.


compared3-drugantiviraltherapy(interferonalfa,riba-virin, and amantadine) with a 2-drug combination, interferonand ribavirin, for patients with chronic hepatitis C who hadfailedtorespondtointerferonalone.Theauthorsshowedthattriple antiviral therapy for 1 year yielded a higher rate of sus-tained biochemical and virologic response (19 of 40, 48%)than double therapy (1 of 20, 5%).Data analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis,in which patients must be analyzed as part of the treatmentgroup to which they were originally assigned even if theyfailed to receive the intended treatment. Although intention-to-treatallowsavalidestimationoftheeffectofaclinicaltrial,it can hide problems related to the way in which missing dataare handled.In the study by Brillanti et al., patients who were not eval-uated at either month 12 or month 18 for alanine transami-nase level or serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, were clas-sified as treatment failures. Although this is standardprocedure, a bias will arise if the number of subjects withmissing data and the reasons for the missing data differ be-tween groups. This may be a particular problem for "open-label" studies such as the one performed by Brillanti et al.Patients knowing that they belonged to the group receivingless intensive therapy (2 drugs) could have been less inter-ested in pursuing the standardized follow-up; also, physiciansdealing with this group could have been less motivated togather complete data. In this case, the real effect of the controltreatment(2drugs)maybeunderestimatedandthedifferencebetween the 2 groups overestimated. Similarly, an apparentlysignificant difference can be artifactual if the number of sub-jects lost to follow-up is not comparable in both groups. Thereport by Brillanti et al. does not mention the number of pa-tients with missing data and the reasons for this. If no datawere missing, this should be stated. Of those with missingdata in the dual therapy group, very few would need to beresponders in order to eliminate the significant difference be-tween the groups. We suggest that missing categorical re-sponses, such as HCV RNA, should be handled more conser-vatively by assigning "missing 5 failure" for the treatmentgroup and "missing 5 success" for the control group. Thisapproach has already been recommended for other fields.


During Sino-American negotiation in 1902-1903, Dr. Wu Tingfang held a very different view from Zhang Zhidong. On the basis of perfecting Chinese legal system, Wu argued for China's conditional acceptance of the term on mutual-protection patent by use of various negotiation techniques to win over management right, postpone the treaty carrying out date; contract the protecting objects; change 'patent' to 'autocratic'; decrease the protected levels; normalize the registering procedure for foreigners, etc.. Thus he made modifications and supplement to the term in favor of China. Besides, by use of his special personal capacity and language superiority, he played an important role as a link in the negotiation.


Research on the ambiguity of modern Chinese has been going on for almost 60 years.Examining their research perspectives and methods are mainly structural(component analysis,transformation analysis),semantical(semantic relations,semantic features,semantic indication analysis),information processing("latent ambiguity","constraint" and "preferred" analysis),pragmatical(ambiguous degree,pragmatics,contextual ambiguity analysis),cognitive(image schema,experiment,demonstration,orientation analysis) and so on.To reveal the reality of ambiguity can also be done from sociolinguistics angle and by means of analyzing speech community and language variation.


Nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate and rac- and meso-2,2′-[(1,2-diphenylethylene)bis(iminomethylene)]diphenol (rac- and meso-BzPhen-H2) formed pale green complexes in methanol. A pyridine solution of these complexes deposited deep red diimine complexes after prolonged heating under aerobic conditions. The saturated ligand system of the initial complexes was dehydrogenated to an unsaturated one by molecular oxygen. From the pyridine solution of the meso-isomzr, [2,2′-(cis-1,2-diphenylethenylene)bis(nitrilomethylidyne)diphenolato]nickel(II)([Ni(SalStil)]) was isolated in addition to the diimine complex ([Ni(meso-SalPhen)]). In this case, the (Remark: Graphics omitted.) bridge was dehydrogenated to (Remark: Graphics omitted.) conjugated double bonds; that is, a fully conjugated metal chelate was formed by the dehydrogenation of the coordinated ligand.


This paper presents a recent change in the social assistance network of care and protection to children and adolescents living on school dropout, pursuant to Resolution No. 109/2009 of the National Council of Social Service (CNAS), which typifies the social assistance services to be offered by the Unified Social assistance. From the deployment of these services, urges an interdisciplinary look between educational policy and welfare policy that requires a coordinated intervention of different institutions. In this general context, the paper seeks to discuss the management of FICAI from the contemporary age and social transformations.


The present invention relates to a kind of pharmaceutical compositions, including lipiodol and molecule with anti-tumor activity, secondly include hydroxyethyl starch.The invention further relates to the application of composition of the invention in treating cancer.According to an absolute preferred embodiment, pharmaceutical composition of the invention include weight be 0.004% to 0.2% between idarubicin, weight is the hydroxyethyl starch between 0.38% to 2.25%, followed by weight is the lipiodol between 60% to 68%, with enough (q.s.) water for injection (or even physiological saline), amount to 100%.


OpenMultimedia Application Platforms (OMAP), suchas161xand2420,aredualcoreprocessors withan Advanced RiskMachine(ARM)andafixed-point Digital Signal Processor (DSP).Thedecision ofissuing ornotpartofan application tobeexecuted bytheDSP coremustbecarefully made,because ofboth,theadditional complexity related tothe design process, andthetimeoverhead involved withcontrol and datatransfer between theARM andtheDSP.Inthis paper, we introduce a methodology to assessthe performance of applications whichusebothcores. Theresults oftheprofiling mightbeapplied tohelpdesigners map applications tothe platform cores. I.INTRODUCTION


346 Background: Treatment of advanced CCC remains difficult. Sophisticated therapy of individual locations is essential due to differing biological characteristics. Apart from recent systemic therapeutic approaches, combined treatments using, among others, locally ablative procedures offer chances of extended life expectancy.

METHODS
This analysis is based on a phase II study on treatment of advanced BTC (biliary tract cancer) with gemcitabine/docetaxel(G/D) in 79 patients (pts).Observing purely intrahepatic CCC, omitting Klatskin tumors, modes of therapy were advanced further. In addition to local ablation by TACE (TA) systemic therapy was modified using Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin(G/O). TACE could only be employed initially in purely intrahepatic inoperable findings. Treatment was later adjusted using local brachytherapy followed by intraarterial chemotherapy with 5-FU (AL + i.a.). A retrospect data analysis of 57 pts diagnosed with advanced intrahepatic CCC was deployed after collecting cases prospectively. A matched pair analysis in relation to data from systemic treatment was performed. Ultimately, 5 groups were formed: 1- 12 pts being treated with TACE only (TA); 2- 15 pts receiving TACE initially followed by systemic therapy of progressive disease (TA+G/D); 3- 11 pts receiving G/D; 4- 14 pts receiving G/O; 5- 5 pts receiving AL+i.a. Treatment continued until either disease progressed or inacceptable side effects occurred.

RESULTS
Median time of survival in the TA group was 4.2 months, TA+G/D 20.1 months, G/D 8.5 months and G/O 15.0 months. Currently no conclusive data has been obtained in the AL+i.a. group, yet. Median time to tumour progress was 2.1 months in TA, 5.1 months in TA+G/D, 3.5 months in G/D and 7.7 months in G/O. In the G/O group a case of secondary respectability occurred. Results were achieved with an acceptable toxicity profile and satisfactory quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS
When the advanced intrahepatic CCC, voiding Klatskin tumours, are limited to the liver and do not offer the possibility of surgical intervention, a combination of treatments should be commenced. Improved systemic protocols can additionally achieve extended time of survival.


Whenever I think of guidelines for selecting an antidepressant, long lists of patient and drug-specific factors quickly come to mind. For example, Preskorn (1994) has outlined 16 specific factors (see Table). When sitting with a patient requiring antidepressant therapy, the limitations of such a list quickly become apparent. First, the information pertinent to each factor may be difficult, if not impossible, to retrieve in a timely manner. Second, this information often is not generalizable to your patient's specific circumstances (e.g., concurrent illnesses). Third, some lists include factors of dubious importance (e.g., family history of antidepressant response)(Cunningham, 1994). Fourth, several important outcomes are not listed as factors to consider, including remission and recovery rates and quality of life measures. Finally-and likely most important to optimizing the chance for a long and stable response-is the absence of a factor specific to evaluating comparative treatment adherence among antidepressants. Separate trials have observed that at 3 months, 60 to 68% of antidepressant users have interrupted their treatment course prematurely-regardless of the antidepressant prescribed (MacDonald, McMahon, Reid et al., 1996; Madden Levi, & Thompson, 1974). This suggests that the primary cause of treatment failure in the real world setting may be noncompliance, as opposed to inadequate efficacy (likely to be just one of several factors contributing to noncompliance). This sobering statistic should broaden our focus to answer two equally important questions: what can I do to improve long-term antidepressant adherence? and which antidepressant is best for my patient? Regarding the first question, Haynes et al. (1999) concluded that treatment compliance for long-term illnesses is a particularly complex issue; no single intervention is considered sufficiently adequate. These investigators suggested that various combinations of more convenient care, information, counseling, reminders, self-monitoring, reinforcement, family therapy, and other forms of additional supervision or attention were required. More often than not, clinicians have a great degree of uncertainty when attempting to answer the second question. Instead of denying this uncertainty, it may be advantageous to acknowledge it outwardly, and involve the patient in the selection process (Hope, 1999). This can accomplish two things: First, the patient will be recognized as one of the two experts in selecting and evaluating results of the therapeutic intervention. Second, a patient who takes part in making the decision would be expected to stay with their decision more so than a patient to whom treatment is dictated. The involved patient is more likely to learn about the treatment process-including what to anticipate and when, regarding the antidepressant. For a depressed patient, the goal of therapy is to eliminate the symptoms of depression as rapidly as possible, then maintain this full response (i.e., remission) until the natural course of the depressive episode has ended (recovery) while inconveniencing the patient as little as possible (tolerability and cost). From this goal, the factors deserving the highest priority when selecting an antidepressant appear to include effectiveness (acute, continuation, and maintenance), rate of improvement, overall tolerability, and treatment completion or adherence. When comparing treatment options, these factors should be measured directly-as opposed to relying on surrogates such as efficacy and lists of side effects. It is worth noting that, for the purpose of making an antidepressant selection, simply listing side effects


The movement of sand particles on the desert is the primary mechanism resulting in the development of sandstorms. Scientists have found that the physicochemical environments of terrestrial planets can cause the surface of sand particles to form a peelable covering layer, which may shed gradually during the movement of sand particles and affect the collision process between sand particles and bed surface, and finally affect aeolian sand transport itself. However, only a few studies have investigated these microscopic physical processes and conducted quantitative analysis of the relationship between covering layer mass and its coefficient of restitution (COR) when a particle impact desert surface. In this study, we collected four types of natural sand particles from the Badain Jaran, Mu Us, and Taklimakan deserts and the shoreside of the Yellow River respectively. A hydrochloric acid solution was used to dissolve the surface‐covering layer of sand particles, and high‐speed photography was used to capture the process of particle‐bed collision. The motion characteristics of the sand particles under different covering layers were analyzed using statistical analysis, and the quantitative formula between the COR and the covering layer mass was provided. This calculation result was further incorporated into an aeolian sand transport model to evaluate the effect of the covering layer on sand flux. Considering the ubiquity of covering layer on sand particle, the methodology proposed in this study can be used to simulate sand drift on Earth, Mars, and other terrestrial planets more accurately.


Gastrointestinal nematodes represent one of the main threat associated with the use of pastures by grazing small ruminants. In organic farming systems, the use of chemical treatments to control these parasitic diseases remain strictly limited. There is thus a need to explore novel, alternative approaches to complement or replace the action of chemical anthelmintics. This seek for novel solutions is also widely required in other farming systems, because of the widespread diffusion of anthelmintic (AH) resistance within worm populations and because of the increasing concern of consumers on drug residues in animal products.


Stevia is a natural sweetener with increasing use in known products, for instance Coca Cola Company launched a new brand called "Life" were they use Stevia as a sweetener. In this work, we have attempted to separate and analyze the different compounds that give the sweet taste, known as steviol glycosides, by ion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The known methods for separating rebaudiosides often use HPLC and thereby often use polar interaction to separate the compounds. No research has been found where High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detector (HPAEC-PAD) is used to separate the steviol glycosides, or as some of them are called, rebaudiosides. In this work the sugar moieties, attached to a non-polar diterpene as aglycone, were ionized in highly alkaline mobile phase and separated on a CarboPac PA20 column. This use of the sugar moieties for separation have not been used before and proved to give a good separation. The resin of this column is non-polar and interacted with the diterpene part of the rebaudiosides, there for acetonitrile was added to the mobile phase to counteract the hydrophobic interaction between these two parts. The exploratory experiments showed that acetonitrile does reduce the hydrophobic interaction and that the rebaudioside A, used as standard, does also have ionic interaction with the column and could be eluted with 200 mM NaOH, gradient of 0-200 mM NaOAc and 10 % ACN. A commercial product with stevioside and rebaudioside A are run under same conditions and achieves a good separation, thereby opening for further investigation of the separation of steviol glycosides with anion exchange chromatography. (Less)


Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been suggested as a non-invasive stimulation treatment modality in bipolar disorder. However, the efficacy of repetitiver TMS in acute phase mania is unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of theta burst stimulation (TBS) as an add-on therapy in the treatment of acute phase mania stimulation both right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in a randomized and sham-controlled design.

Forty right-handed patients between 18 and 59 years were randomly allocated to active and sham groups. Then, intermittent TBS (right DLPFC) and cTBS (left DLPFC) sessions (half an hour apart) were delivered in two sessions per day for 5 days in a week. Youngs Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Clinical global impression-Bipolar Disorder (CGI-BP) were assessed at baseline and at 7th and 21st days.

Our study fails to show a significant effect on of active stimulation in comparison to sham over psychopathology YMRS (F = 0.300; P ≤ 0.612), CGIBP-S (F = 0.432; P = 0.562), CGIBP-P (F = 0.202; P = 0.701), and CGIBP-W (F = 200; P = 0.705) in intention to treat protocol across 21 days. Minimal side effects were reported and none of the patients discontinued TBS citing side effects.

We conclude that it is safe and well tolerated yet has inconclusive short-term therapeutic benefits. Trials using better localization technique with large sample, longer duration, and better dosing protocols are needed.


A polybutadienyl dilithium initiator has been synthesized from butadiene and lithium naphthalenide in cyclohexane solution by an electron transfer-coupling reaction.In order to resolve the problem of the insolubility of lithium naphthalenide and its low initiation efficiency in cyclohexane solution,a new method has been proposed based on the controllability of anion polymerization and the solubility parameter principle.It was found that the conversion of lithium naphthalenide could be conducted in a homogeneous phase under the following conditions:(i) the butadiene-cyclohexane solution was added in batches;(ii) the concentration of butadiene-cyclohexane solution was greater than 75% of the concentration of lithium naphthalenide;(iii) the volume of butadiene-cyclohexane solution added was less than 1.33 times that of lithium naphthalenide solution before the degree of polymerization of butadiene reached 2.Solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber(SSBR) was synthesized using the resulting polybutadienyl dilithium initiator in 5L and 200L agitated reactors,showing that the initiator is suitable for use in industrial production.


An unprecedented wealth of biological data has been generated by the human genome project and sequencing projects in other organisms. The huge demand for analysis and interpretation of these data is being managed by the evolving science of bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is defined as the application of tools of computation and analysis to the capture and interpretation of biological data. It is an interdisciplinary field, which harnesses computer science, mathematics, physics, and biology (fig 1). Bioinformatics is essential for management of data in modern biology and medicine. This paper describes the main tools of the bioinformatician and discusses how they are being used to interpret biological data and to further understanding of disease. The potential clinical applications of these data in drug discovery and development are also discussed.


In this paper, we implement a scheme to combine six coherent, spatially separated Raman sidebands generated in single-crystal diamond into a collinear beam. With appropriate phase tuning, this results in a pulse much shorter than the generating pump. We elucidate the characteristics of the synthesized pulse by using an interferometric collinear cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating setup. The beating of the synchronized sidebands results in an additional component in the signal, which we use to optimize the relative phases of our sidebands. In this way, we synthesize and measure visible-range, nearly single-cycle isolated pulses of approximately 5-fs total pulse duration.


The Monte Carlo program MUSIM simulates production of muons in high energy hadronic and electromagnetic showers and their subsequent transport through bulk matter. The energy range includes the SSC/LHC regime. The program is briefly described and some results are shown.


Anti-collision technique is a key technique and hot research in the RFID system.The binary search algorithm and some improved algorithms are compared and analyzed in detail,and the binary search algorithm for multi-state has been improved and innovative.According to the characteristics of the tags collision,the algorithm applies the obtained collision information,and abolishes the activation command to save a lot of time.Choosing the number of forks dynamically improves identification efficiency and reduces the search range.Moreover,the performance analysis shows that the algorithm has more obvious advantages than the binary search algorithm and the dynamic binary search algorithm.


This paper presents geometrical-based wideband circuit models for different configurations of loaded slotline and loaded coplanar waveguide (CPW). It investigates, first, the strip-loaded slotline and then extends the developed model to strip and split-ring resonator (SRR)-loaded CPW. The proposed models successfully describe the behavior of several structures of interest in the literature and provide new insights on the design procedure. They operate over the entire frequency range if higher order modes are not generated without the need for fitting parameters. This paper also presents three applications, of which the design relies on the proposed modeling methodology. They are a third order maximally flat low-pass filter with 1.4-GHz cutoff frequency, a 3-GHz slow wave structure with a slow wave factor larger than 2 in the linear range of the dispersion relation, and a balanced composite right-/left-handed SRR-loaded CPW with 100% (2.31–7.1 GHz) fractional bandwidth. Experimental results, which are in a very good agreement with the electromagnetic simulations, confirm the proposed theory.


In this article, a new mixed finite element formulation is presented for the analysis of two‐dimensional compressible solids in finite strain regime. A three‐field Hu–Washizu functional, with displacement, displacement gradient and stress tensor considered as independent fields, is utilized to develop the formulation in spatial configuration. Certain constraints are imposed on displacement gradient and stress tensor so that they satisfy the required continuity conditions across the boundary of elements. From theoretical standpoint, simplex elements are best suited for the application of continuity constraints. The techniques that are proposed to implement the constraints facilitate their automatic imposition and, hence, they can be regarded as an important feature of the work. Since the exterior calculus provides the basis for the developments presented herein, the relevant topics are discussed within the context of the work. Various technical aspects of the formulation are described in detail. These aspects help to illuminate the mathematical formulation that might seem vague in the first place and, more importantly, they help to provide an efficient implementation for ensuing developments. The performance of the mixed finite element method is studied through benchmark numerical examples and it is compared with other similar elements. It is shown that the element has excellent convergence properties and it is numerically stable, especially for problems where classical first order elements demonstrate stiff or unstable behavior.


The utility model provides a wireless relay device, a mobile wireless communication terminal and a wireless communication system. The wireless relay device comprises a first wireless module and a second wireless module, wherein the first wireless module is configured to be coupled to a wireless access network, so as to receive telephone calls, and the second wireless module is coupled to the first wireless module so as to process the telephone calls, and configured to be connected to a mobile terminal in a wireless way, so as to send the telephone calls to the mobile terminal on a short-range wireless link. Further, the second wireless module is configured to work in a pass-through mode and a analytical mode, so as to exchange speech data with the mobile terminal.


F‐box protein is a key component of the Skp1‐cullin‐F‐box‐type ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF‐ULC) that marks its target proteins with ubiquitin for proteasomal degradation. In this study, we explored the potential role of AOL_s00076g207 (Aog207) in Arthrobotrys oligospora, a model fungus for studying nematodes‐fungi interactions. The Aog207 gene encodes a putative F‐box protein of the SCF‐ULC. Deletion of Aog207 could inhibit mycelial growth in TYGA and PDA media. More importantly, the conidial germination rate of ΔAog207 mutants was remarkably declined compared to that of wild‐type (WT) strain, and the mutant strains were more sensitive toward chemical stressors than the WT strain. In addition, ΔAog207 mutants generated fewer traps and captured fewer nematodes than WT strain. In summary, Aog207 disruption significantly affected the pathogenicity, mycelial growth, conidial germination, environmental adaptation and trap formation of A. oligospora. These findings may facilitate a better understanding of the nematode predation mechanism of A. oligospora and provide an experimental basis for developing biological control agents against nematodes.


Electric vehicle mileage is limited because of its dependence on the battery, and moreover is reduced due to the use of battery power for heating in winter and air conditioning in summer. In particular, the capacity of lithium ion batteries decreases as the temperature of the battery falls. At a temperature of -25°C, the capacity is decreased to 60% of that at 25 °C. In particular, PTC heaters, which are mainly used in electric vehicles, increase battery power consumption. Also, the heat pump, and in particular its compressor, consumes a lot of battery power, and it shows poor performance in cold weather. Hence, the PTC heater and heat pump are not good solutions for the heating issues of electric vehicles. According to recent studies, the cruising range of electric vehicles is reduced to about 40% due to the power consumption of the heater at 0 °C. In order to enhance heating performance and initial battery performance of electric vehicles in cold weather, a feasibility study of a fire-operating heating system using a low carbon fuel was conducted in this work, and satisfactory results were obtained.


Constitution closely connects with human rights.As the safeguard certificate of human rights,constitution's main function is to safeguard human rights.Whereas,the realization of human rights depends on the construction and improvement of constitution and constitutional systems,in which the review of constitutionality is the indispensable system and key channel of modern constitutional states to safeguard human rights and realize constitution's safeguard function.The theoretical relation between review of constitutionality and human rights safeguard is analyzed,thus,the opinion of the implementation of constitution together with the establishment of review of constitutionality system is the only way for the realization of human rights safeguard function is proposed.


Background and purpose: Women who develop preeclampsia are prone to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The major role of spiritual health is well understood in health contexts. On the other hand, the effects of stress, anxiety, and depression are known to influence the treatment process in women with preeclampsia experiences. So, this study aimed at comparing spiritual health and perceived stress levels in women with preeclampsia, affected and unaffected by PTSD. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done in 278 multipara women with preeclampsia at 36-40 weeks gestation admitted to public hospitals in Mashhad, Iran 2017. The Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ), the Post Traumatic Disorder Checklist (PCL), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS 21), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale were administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS V16 applying independent T-test, Mann Whitney, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Among the patients 68 (26%) developed postpartum PTSD. Significant relationships were found between the two groups of affected and unaffected by postpartum PTSD in spiritual wellbeing (P= 0.030), depression (P= 0.001), stress (P= 0.000), and anxiety (P=0.000). Conclusion: Low levels of spiritual health and high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in postpartum women are amongst the main causes of developing PTSD in women with history of preeclampsia.


The article considers the sacral architecture and presents the characteristics of sights of sacral art in Pokuttya. It is noted that use of monuments of sacral architecture in tourism brings significant budgetary replenishment and influences the development of a region in particular.Therefore, research and preservation of sacral architecture of this region are one of the important areas of public policy in the tourism industry and are of particular importance. Different types of wooden church building which formed the basis for three main types Pokuttya temples are discussed. The first type of buildings consists of three log cabins and, of course, three towers. Cruciform wooden structure consist of five parts – the second characteristic type of Ukrainian wooden buildings. Churches consisting of five log cabins with five domes in Pokuttya are rare and unbelievably performance skill and perfection of details. Main features of these temples are outlined in the article. The characterization of the most striking examples of religious architecture Pokuttya are submitted. An attempt to estimate of the sacral heritage is made. We also consider the problem of popularization of sacral monuments of wooden architecture in Pokuttya. The program of the protection and promotion of the wooden church should be both national and international. The problem of protection and preservation of the unique sacral heritage Pokuttya is shown. Emphasis is placed on European experience of cultural heritage. The basic reasons for which the unique samples of wooden building are destroyed, or worse – even disappear are detected. The importance of preservation of icons, religious books, mural paintings, located in churches are determined. They often reflect the period they were drawn. It is noted for bringing order you need to create a regional commission to check the status of preservation and availability of cultural value of religious buildings which are architectural monuments. The article presents a series of specific measures which should to be implemented to prevent the destruction of the unique religious architecture Pokuttya. In order to do this, we should start the repairing and restoring churches, mural paintings and icons in them. The next step should be the preparation of documents and application to UNESCO for the inclusion of the unique phenomenon of Ukrainian sacral art in World Heritage List.


Introduction: the priority role in the legal system of most countries all over the world is assigned to the basic law as a priority source of law. In practice, disputes often arise regarding the priority of applying the provisions of national or international law which prompts the author to define the goal, to understand which type of law is more significant. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the methods of analysis and comparative law. Results: in the modern world, there is a wellestablished opinion that international legal provisions have exceptional priority over the national ones. At the same time, the legal systems of countries face contradictions in this regard and use arbitrary interpretations of such a trend. Conclusions: in the scientific community, the three most stable opinions have been formed on the interpretation of the importance of national law over international law. The first theory says that national law is always more important than international law, the second is based on the fact that these categories should be applied in practice equally, the third theory emphasizes that the norms of international law should adapt to the national legislation.


(57) Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating a structure element continuously, the longitudinal wire piece and transverse wire pieces welded together at the intersection position intersect each other from (L, Q) parallel flat two wire grid mats (M, M ') comprising the extrusion production line, these wires lattice mats (M, M') by inserting an insulator between (K), an insulating body (K) so as to penetrate, to guide the straight web wires (S, S '), so welding the end of the web wire the wire grid mats (M, M) and, the wire grid mats (M,) is predetermined mutual distance in which it is held, in this case, by forming the insulating material web of endless coupled from each of the insulating plate (I), extruding the insulating material web, the length can be selected an insulator (K) separating from said insulating material web is.


The prison memoirs of Yang Xiguang, a high school student, who was arrested during the Cultural Revolution for penning a political essay. He spent the next ten years in a succession of Chinese gulags, and relates here the poignant stories of his cellmates - activists, intellectuals, "rightists", thieves, and madmen - as well as his own intellectual and spiritual journey.


Considering the inadequacy of the describing function, through an example Ne=4πA, this paper presents a new method of calculating the descriptive functions, in the case of the frequency of 3w. Simulation experiments show that Ne=4πA(2-43sin2ω t), in comparison with the conclusion by normal descriptive function, the results of the new algorithm within a proper range are satisfactory.


Use this guide to understand how to correctly use quotes and paraphrases and cite your sources in a research paper. Citation information provided by databases


The architecture of the city of Paris encompasses a history of more than two millennia. Paris's earliest known architecture dates to the start of the 1st century, when the Gallo-Roman city of Lutetia developed on the Left Bank and the Île de la Cité. The city subsequently expanded across the Right Bank and the present location of many important ecclesiastical monuments was determined after Clovis I, king of the Franks, made Paris the seat of the Merovingian Kingdom at the start of the 6th century. The cathedral of Notre-Dame, the abbey church of Saint-Germain-des-Près, and the French Panthéon (formerly the church of Sainte-Geneviève) were all built on Merovingian sites. Although there is little evidence of the city's architecture from these early periods, it nevertheless established two enduring principles that broadly characterize the development of the city's architecture over time. First, Paris's urban fabric has followed an ongoing process of centrifugal expansion, engulfing the surrounding land until 1869 when it was decided to annex the old eleven faubourgs and make them the surrounding arrondissements, whose outer edges mark the municipal limits of the city. In the 20th and 21st centuries, urban development projects continue apace in the banlieues, or suburbs, beyond the city's limits, while building campaigns within the capital have principally taken the form of urban infill and renovation projects. Second, subsequent rulers have consistently appropriated the same sites and rebuilt or extended them as a mark of political ambition. This was the case for important Christian sites as well as for the city's palace complexes, such as the early-13th-century Louvre, which was consistently occupied, rebuilt, and expanded during the Old Regime; partially used as a museum during the French Revolution; and only transformed into a museum in its entirety in the 1980s when President François Mitterand stamped the buildings with his own political ambition in his bid to again transform the city. Collectively, the process of urban expansion and the reappropriation of sites have made the city's architecture dense with historical layers from different periods of time. It has been the task of historians to peel back these layers to study the social, cultural, and material significance of the city's architecture. To present the literature on Paris's architecture in light of its vast history, the following bibliography begins with more general literature and research sources, and it then progresses chronologically, starting with Lutetia's architecture and ending at the close of the 20th century. As the bibliography moves forward in time, the scholarship becomes denser, especially in the 19th century. This focus in large part reflects the recent nature of the city's existing built fabric, which was mostly constructed starting in the mid-19th century.


A 31-year-old man presented to the emergency department with pain in the left shoulder. He had tripped over his backpack shoulder strap earlier in the day and noted immediate severe pain around his left shoulder. Physical examination revealed bony point tenderness over the humeral head and limited range of motion due to pain; crepitus was present. Shoulder radiographs revealed an impacted fracture of the left humerus and evidence of osteopenia.


This letter describes a new method for the highly site- and chemoselective Pd-catalyzed direct arylation of naphthalene. Tuning the structure of the diimine-ligated Pd catalyst results in formation of the α-arylated product in high yield and >50:1 selectivity. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic evaluation of catalyst control in the C−H arylation of an unactivated aromatic substrate. Preliminary studies implicate an unusual mechanism involving sequential naphthalene π-coordination/metalation at PdIV.


Traditional simultaneous localization and mapping (SALM) algorithms are based on static environments. If there are dynamic objects in the environment, it will cause inaccurate positioning or problems that cannot be located. In order to solve this problem, the method of SegNet lightweight neural network and sparse optical flow combined with multi-view geometry is proposed to eliminate dynamic feature points. Firstly, the SegNet network is used to obtain the mask of potential moving objects. Secondly, sparse optical flow and geometric methods detect dynamic feature points. Finally, the dynamic feature points detected by semantics, optical flow, and geometric methods are combined to reject the feature points. This method can improve the positioning accuracy of the SLAM system in a dynamic environment.


Nitrogen-incorporated nanocrystalline diamond (ND) vacuum field emission transistor (VFET) with self-aligned gate is fabricated by mold transfer microfabrication technique in conjunction with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of nanocrystalline diamond on emitter cavity patterned on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The fabricated ND-VFET demonstrates gate-controlled emission current with good signal amplification characteristics. The dc characteristics of the ND-VFET show well-defined cutoff, linear, and saturation regions with low gate turn-on voltage, high anode current, negligible gate intercepted current, and large dc voltage gain. The ac performance of the ND-VFET is measured, and the experimental data are analyzed using a modified small signal circuit model. The experimental results obtained for the ac voltage gain are found to agree with the theoretical model. A higher ac voltage gain is attainable by using a better test setup to eliminate the associated parasitic capacitances. The paper reveals...