The invention discloses a rope adjusting device hoisted by vertical friction and a rope adjusting method. The rope adjusting device comprises a base, a hoisting mechanism, a hydraulic pressure station, a centralized console with a PLC and a rope clipper. The whole hoisting mechanism can rotate on the base; a rope is hosted to get in and out of an upper rope clipper, a lower clipper and a rope guide from a lateral side by rotation; then openings at the lateral sides of the upper rope clipper, the lower rope clipper and the rope guide are closed, which causes the center of the hoisting mechanism aligns to the centers of two hoisting ropes at the outermost side so as to grasp the hoisting ropes; when the upper rope clipper clips and hosts the hoisting ropes upwards, the lower rope clipper releases the ropes; when the upper rope clipper releases the ropes which fall back, the lower rope clipper clips the hoisting ropes; the ropes are adjusted by clipping and pulling the ropes alternately; a rope adjusting machine is controlled by the centralized console with the PLC automatically or manually. The rope adjusting device has the advantages that the device can conveniently and fast adjust the ropes and has high adjusting height due to continuous adjusting. When the ropes are adjusted during vertical friction hoisting, a great deal of time and labor intensity of workers can be reduced, and the device is safe and reliable.


"Open Teaching & Learning" in a University/academic environment becomes increasingly more important and needs to be designed in the most efficient and effective way to
ensure a balanced return-on-investment. This issue is of particular importance when it comes to complex learning areas. In this context, the paper addresses opportunities applying new learning technologies within a multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural environment to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of training.
This paper presents an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art learning methodologies (knowledge transfer process) to ensure a higher learning engagement of all employees, taking into consideration function, age, culture and technological abilities.
The results arising from this paper will identify the pedagogic and business impact of an individualized application of a knowledge transfer strategy.
After a review of literature on the subject, the paper concludes with a proposal of the optimal knowledge transfer strategy. This strategy is to be integrated into the existing pedagogic provisions of a multi-disciplinary / multi-cultural R&D (learning) environment of a global PTS company. The strategy can also be used in an academic environment to aid problem solving and engineering
knowledge transfer.


The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a menopausal symptom, comprising cinnamic acid, shanzhiside methylester or a mixture thereof as an active ingredient. The composition of the present invention exhibits an excellent estrogenic activity, and is effectively utilized for treating or preventing diverse menopausal symptoms generated by estrogen deficiency during perimenopause, menopause and postmenopause.


The paper presents the results of bibliometric analysis of publications co-written by authors affiliated with Ukrainian and Russian institutions in 2007–2016, based on Scopus data. The survey results have showed that Ukrainian and Russian researchers continue carrying out joint research in major international projectsю However, a decrease in the number of works published by Ukrainian and Russian research institutions in 2016 has testified to an adverse impact of Russia's military aggression on cooperation in the field of science. The findings are important for preparing the science development programs in Ukraine.


The city of Batam is a city with a population that is predominantly Muslim, where in ensuring every believer of religion to worship and carry out his religious teachings, In ensuring that all food products circulating in Batam City do not contain unlawful/not in accordance with Islamic law, the government has regulated in the laws and regulations, where products that enter, are circulated, and traded in the territory of Indonesia must be certified halal. To analyze the problem of legal protection for consumers for food products that are not certified halal, it can be analyzed with the Theory of Legal Protection from Philipus M. Hadjon. The objectives to be achieved in this study are: To analyze the legal protection of consumers for non-halal certified food products circulating in Batam City. From the results of the study, it can be seen that preventive and repressive legal protection for consumers for food products that are not halal certified has been accommodated in the Legislative Regulations, but the preventive efforts made by the government are still not optimal in this case the Halal Product Guarantee Agency (BPJPH). because there are still many non-halal food products circulating and being traded.


The infrared transition frequencies (vapor and solution phases) of the uranyl and hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfacac) moieties, as well as /sup 13/C and /sup 1/H NMR shifts, correlate linearly with the relative basicity of the neutral bases (B) for 15 UO/sub 2/(hfacac)/sub 2/ adducts. Solvation effects and relative entropy changes appear to be minimal for the base-exchange equilibrium, suggesting that the observed shifts in thes easily measurable spectroscopic properties predominantly reflect the Lewis acid-base relative bond strengths. We interpret the observed shifts in terms of electronic structure perturbations of both the uranyl and hfacac moieties arising from changes in neutral base (L-M) bonding. 6 figures, 2 tables.


Abstract:  The new formation of slangs is evidence that languages develop dynamically. The slangs are generated more in the digital era as the presence of social media which one of them is Twitter contributed quite significantly. Twitter which is simple and easy to use makes it the best place in the process of user creativity, one of which is in making new words. Inventory of this word becomes important because the rapid development of language allows for changes that have not been recorded so that they do not leave traces. Therefore, the researchers try to investigate the new slangs contained in Twitter and its formation process to draw conclusions what process is the most dominant used. This research is a qualitative study with a corpus study whose data is taken from Twitter uploads from Indonesian users. The results of this study found that there are six new word formation processes found in Twitter posts such as blending, clipping, acronyms, compound, borrowing and multiple processes. Blending is the most dominant process used by Twitter users in Indonesia because it is easier and looks more creative.


Water scarcity is a critical issue in Caspian Sea regions of Iran. Thus, people may use polluted water or saline brackish groundwater, estuarine water or seawater. This paper deals with the application of Low-Pressure reverse osmosis (RO) for removing salt and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in synthetic and Caspian Sea waters. The study aims to achieve optimization at different pressures (30, 50, 70, and 90 PSI) with synthetic seawater at initial salt concentrations (5, 25, and 35 g/L TDS) at various retention time intervals (15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). The results showed that the low-pressure RO system was able to reject 95 %, 57 %, and 46 % of 5, 25, and 35 g/L of TDS from synthetic seawater. In addition, rejection efficiency was achieved at 86 % and    78 % for Caspian seawater and Tajan River, respectively. In addition, optimal conditions (pressure: 70 PSI, time: 120 min) for salt rejection included 16-23 %, 93-94, 52-56 %, 88-90, and 22 % for 35g/L TDS, Tajan River, 5g/L TDS, 25g/L TDS, and Caspian seawater, respectively. Moreover, TOC rejection was achieved at >95 % and >97 % of Tajan River and Caspian seawater, respectively, at an overall 120-minute interval. In the case of growing environmental pollution that is discharged into Caspian sea including industrial and agricultural effluents from rivers, this study proposed the suggested pilot as a simple design that will significantly reduce salt, TOC, and TDS.


One of the most promising techniques for network-wide interference management necessitates a redesign of the network architecture known as cloud radio access network (CRAN). The cloud is responsible for coordinating multiple Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) and scheduling users to their radio resources blocks (RRBs). The transmit frame of each RRH consists of several orthogonal RRBs each maintained at a certain power level (PL). While previous works considered a vanilla version in which each RRB can serve a single user, this paper proposes mixing the flows of multiple users using instantly decodable network coding (IDNC). As such, the total throughput is maximized. The joint user scheduling and power adaptation problem is solved by designing, for each RRB, a subgraph in which each vertex represents potential user-RRH associations, encoded files, transmission rates, and PLs for one specific RRB. It is shown that the original problem is equivalent to a maximum-weight clique problem over the union of all subgraphs, called herein the CRAN-IDNCgraph. Extensive simulation results are provided to attest the effectiveness of the proposed solution against state of the art algorithms. In particular, the presented simulation results reveal that the method achieves substantial performance gains for all system configurations which collaborates the theoretical findings.


Personal danger which derives from the research on the cause of crime in criminology is adopted into criminal field later.The defenition of personal danger in criminal field should be rooted in sentencing and conviction .While assessing personal danger ,we should differentiate personal danger from social hazard and avoid involving personal danger in social hazard as well as repetitive assessment.


Based on automatic spelling check for English essays,the spelling errors in English compositions are classified into non-word and real-word errors.Statistical modeling and rule matching methods are studied for checking the spelling errors,thus expanding the scope of the research for spelling check in English words.The research of the real-word errors check mainly depends on some specific confusion sets and as well as Bayes theorem.Encouragingly,the accuracy analysis of the results of the system is over 80%.


Applications that use linked data are now part of mainstream social science research, though they generally do not take linkage error into consideration. Solutions that correct for the bias caused by these errors have been proposed but are not yet embedded in the various analysis procedures in common use. Secondary analyses based on linked data can therefore be potentially misleading. We review some recent approaches to non‐deterministic data linkage together with a framework for secondary analysis of the linked data which makes use of paradata produced by the linkage process to correct this bias. We also describe a new method for secondary analysis of linked data that builds on this framework and show how it can be used for estimation of a set of domain means based on linked data. We then illustrate this approach via an empirical study based on record linkage of agricultural producers in four states of Brazil aimed at producing estimates of agricultural output by industry. Our study considers register‐to‐register linkage as well as sample‐to‐register linkage, and we show results for the traditional Fellegi–Sunter approach to record linkage as well as for a newer linkage procedure based on the use of classification trees and bagging.


This text is the summary of my research on scholars in Song Dynasty whose reflection on Ou Yang Xiu's (歐陽修)"Pian Wen" (駢文), and the time when this literature was written, what kind of unique characteristics did Ou Yang's "Pian Wen" have? How these characteristics appear in "Pian Wen"? My research has showed that after Ou-Yang passed the imperial examination, he changed the "Xi Kun Shi Wen" (西崑時文). He did this by using "Yi Wen We Si Liu" (以文為四六). The use of this method is the main characteristic in "Pian Wen". The concrete method can be divided into three kinds: 1.long sentences 2.less use of literary allusion 3.to narrate by using "Pian Wen". My research considers method number two and three to be more important. As a result of this, Ou-Yang's "Pian Wen" can be separated from traditional "Pian Wen". "Po Ti We Wen" (破體為文) is a way of integrating different literary styles. This method sometimes sticks to literature rules of writing, sometimes not. Because Ou-Yang's follows the "Zherlg" (整), "Li" (儷), "Xie" (諧) rules, it can be categorized as "Pian Wen". On the other hand, when it doesn't stick to the "Zheng", "Li" rules, we can call it "Yi Wen We Si Liu".


This article discusses the possibilities of determining the risk to individuals as a result of radiation exposure, which is one of the most common and important characteristics of environmental hazard. Environmental damage with the likelihood of an event contributing to the determination of environmental risk. In this case, the risk itself shows the effect of radiation on the human body. When determining the risk, it is necessary to take into account the power of an individual dose for a certain period of time. The criteria curves considered in the article take into account stochastic and non-stochastic effects. These criteria show compliance of waste disposal methods with requirements related to specific risk levels.


A total of 68 species of anomuran and 284 living species of brachyuran crabs are listed as reliably occurring in the Hawaiian Islands. These figures include 12 species of brachyurans known to have been introduced, but not four species of anomurans and nine brachyurans whose identifications are questionable and two species of anomurans and 14 brachyurans that appear to have been recorded from the islands in error. Five species of anomurans and one brachyuran so far only known from the Midway Islands are included in the total number of Hawaiian species, but not five species of brachyurans only known from Johnston Atoll that are included only for their biogeographical interest. The Hawaiian crab fauna shows a predominance of wide ranging Indo-West Pacific species (41% of Anomura, 58% of Brachyura), some degree of endemicity (37% of Anomura, 14% of Brachyura), but it is much impoverished in terms of total number of species when compared with the crab fauna of the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, regarded as a center of diversification for many marine taxa. Several taxonomic changes are also made: Trapezia neglecta Castro, 2003, is ascertained to be a junior synonym of T. intermedia Miers, 1886, and a lectotype and a paralectotype are selected for Grapsus oceanicus Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846 (Grapsidae).


First aid management of sports injury means during the time of any sports activity injury occur in children that time what type of first aid management is given to resolve the wound or any injury and to prevent complication. So, that the basic knowledge of first aid is required in primary school teacher. Objective: 1.to assess the knowledge regarding first aid management of sports injury among primary school teachers 2. To the effectiveness of health education regarding first aid management of sports injury among primary school teachers 3. To associate the knowledge with selected demographic variable. Research approach: Quantitative research approach. Research design: Experimental design Participation: 40 primary school teacher. Tool: Questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge among primary school teacher. Results: The comparison of mean and standard deviation of pre – test and post – test level of knowledge regarding management of sports injury among primary school teacher. The mean score was increased from 10.55 to 16 which showed a marked deference of 5.45 respectively and the standard deviation was 0.300 to 0.42 after the administration of health education. 'T' test value is 11.94. This value is significant at p < 0.05 level. It indicate the effectiveness of health education on increasing the level of knowledge regarding first aid management of sports injury among primary school teacher. Hence the hypothesis was accepted. Conclusion: Teachers had increase level of knowledge.


Image processing methods for an extraction of a nuclear fuel rod image and visualization methods of the RGB color data were studied with a sectional image of spent fuel assembly. The fuel rod images could be extracted by using a histogram analysis, an edge detection and RGB rotor data. In these results, a size of the spent fuel assembly could be measured by using a histogram analysis method and a shape of the spent fuel rod could be observed by using an edge detection method. Finally, a various analyses were established for status of the spent fuel assembly by realized various 3D images for the color data in an image of a spent fuel assembly.


In this paper, we use Goldman's formula for the Poisson bracket of invariant functions to derive formulae for the Poisson bracket of length functions on Hitchin space. In particular we derive the formulae for the first and second derivatives {l α, l j β} and {{l α, l j β}, l γ}. These generalize formulae of Wolpert given in the Teichmüller case for the Weil-Petersson Poisson bracket. We use the formula to prove convexity results for spectral length functions along the associated Hamiltonian vector fields. We also derive a formula for H{l α, l j β} ∩ [π], the Poincare dual of the Hamiltonian of the Poisson bracket of two length functions.


OBJECTIVE To explore the expression and its significance of focal adhesion kinase(FAK)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9)in the pituitary adenomas. METHODS The expressions of FAK and MMP-9 were determined by immunohistochemical technique in 50 pituitary adenoma tissues samples obtained during operation, including 27 invasive pituitary adenomas and 23 non-invasive pituitary adenomas. The relationship of FAK and MMP-9 expression with tumor invasiveness were analyzed. RESULTS The expression of FAK and MMP-9 in the invasive pituitary adenomas were significantly higher than those in the non-invasive pituitary adenomas(P0.05).The expression of FAK was positively related to that of MMP-9 in the invasive pituitary adenomas(P0.05). CONCLUSION There was a significant correlation between invasive characters of pituitary adenomas and the over expression of FAK and MMP-9.It is suggested that the expression levels of FAK and MMP-9 may be as biologic markers for determination invasive pituitary adenoma.


Sands can be jammed the fracture during the fracturing construction. If sands jam is effective, it can affect fracturing pressure. In order to exactly calculate the position of sands jam in the fracture, fracturing pressure can be analyzed. By drawing the double logarithmic curves of fracturing pressure and construction time, the data of pressure response could be obtained after sands jam happened. By their linear regression, the slope of straight-line segment could be obtained. Then, the position of sands jam in the fracture was calculated by the slope and correlative fracture parameter. It is very significant to correctly direct fracturing construction and obtain fracture with high quality.


On the environment of JavaScript,the medium what by data format of JSON store and operate data with Web-Based front end so that implement "an application of Web-Based front end with SQL." With regular expression,using this tool to resolve SQL Statement by structured;by building a series object and function,implement structured query of JSON object.To construct an engine of JSON SQL with this idea,it supports for using standard structured query at Web-Based front end,implement JSON data inquiry and structured output.


The TNM classification (1) of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (2), and the older classic Dukes' (3) and modified Astler-Coller (MAC) (4) classification systems are the widely adopted staging systems for patients with colorectal cancer. In Japan, the general rule for the treatment of colorectal cancer was published by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) in 1975, and every surgeon has followed this rule for many years. The JSCCR registry is also described according to the JSCCR general rules (5, 6). There are two key points of difference between the TNM and JSCCR staging systems. One concerns the presence of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in the rectum, and the other concerns the presence of N3 nodes. Until the 6th edition of the JSCCR rules (5), N1 and N2 were divided by the existence of metastatic nodes in the N1 or N2 areas. In the 7th edition of JSCCR (6), the definitions of N1 and N2 were changed according to the number of metastatic nodes, as for the TNM system, for ease of discussion at international forums. Despite efforts to standardize the JSCCR and the TNM classification systems, the UICC are making further changes to the TNM classification in the upcoming 7th edition, which will complicate matters further. This edition was compiled mainly from proposals from the AJCC and without detailed discussion at an international conference. With this in mind, I would like to compare the prognostic value of the JSCCR rules (6) with that of the TNM classification 6th (7, 8) and planned 7th editions.


Laboratory bioassays were conducted during the period from June 2009 till August 2010 to evaluate the residual activities of six acaricides against adult females of four populations of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch). The acaricides included in this study were abamectin, amitraz, bifenazate, chlorfenapyr, milbemectin and spiromesifen representing the most important groups registered for spider mite control in Jordan. Three of the four tested populations were collected from Al-Ramtha, Baq'a and Zyzya, covering the main regions devoted to cucumber cultivation in upper lands regions in Jordan. The fourth population was brought from Syria and was considered as a susceptible strain (SSS). The toxicity of bifenazate(85%-96%), chlorfenapyr (69%-73%) and spiromesifen (69%-77%) persisted for 9 days against adult mite females when they were applied at the highest recommended field dose. In general bifenazate induced 90% mortality to all populations, followed by 78% for chlorfenapyr and 76% for spiromesifen. However, abamectin, amitraz and milbemectin did not display residual effect against the local field populations, except tremendous effects against adults females of SSS strain, with residual mortality of 76%, 61% and 71%, after 9 days, respectively. The results indicated obviously that most of the local TSSM populations displayed different levels of resistance to abamectin, milbemectin, spiromesifen, amitraz and chlorfenapyr and were more susceptible to bifenazate.


In the desert woodlouse Hemilepistus reaumuri monogamy and kin recognition have been found. To understand the evolution of this behavior, the mating system of the related subsocial woodlouse Hemilepistus elongatus was examined. This species shows maternal broodcare. If some of these woodlice were put together for some days in our experiments, almost all males had progeny with almost all of the females. However, if two males and one female were put together for 24 hr only, most juveniles were fathered by the male with the higher share of the first 10 copulations. Generally, the heavier male was the superior male in agonistic interactions. Superior males fathered more offspring. If two males were paired with a female one after another for 24 hr each, the first male fathered the majority of the offspring. The reproductive success of the second male increased, if it was paired with the female 48 hr after the removal of the first male. An explanation for these findings was found in the morphology of the sperma...


How shall we characterize what is proper to contemporary anarchism? What quality or qualities make it anarchist and not something else? What distinguishes its critique of capitalism from Marxism, or its anti-authoritarianism from nihilism? What draws the various threads of different anarchisms together into a single weave? At one time, people thought that the uniqueness of anarchism lay in its critique of the state. While Marxists sought to take over the state, or to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat until such time as the state would wither away, anarchists sought instead to abolish the state outright. Is it not Proudhon himself who writes, "To be GOVERNED is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so" (293-4). And Bakunin, in his criticism of Marx's program, points out that "the doctrinaire revolutionaries, whose objective is to overthrow existing governments and regimes so as to create their own dictatorship on their ruins, have never been and will never be enemies of the state...They are enemies only of existing governments because they want to take their place" (137). For Marx, the central category of oppression is exploitation, the extraction of surplus value from the worker. If exploitation is the problem, there is no bar to commandeering the forces of the state in order to dismantle it. True, the state will no longer be necessary once exploitation has ceased, and then it can disappear of its own accord. But in the meantime, the state must be seized as a powerful source for the revolution of the means of production. In contrast, it is said, anarchism finds the problem to lie not primarily in exploitation but in power itself. Any institution that can exert power is to be resisted, and the state, which possesses the most power, is to be resisted above all. This is a misreading of anarchism. We should not see the difference between Marxism and anarchism as lying in the argument between those who would lay the blame for oppression at the feet of the economy and those who instead would lay it at the feet of the state. While this


Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna to Lorenzo de Zavala: Expressed hope that the friendship indicated by Zavala in his last letter will continue. Discusses the political situation of the country and Mexia's departure from the army. Jalapa, April 12, 1829.


Be accurately obtained detailed coordinate position of the position which overlaps the finger and the touch panel obtain coordinate input device and a touch panel device capable. Using a plurality of output values obtained from a plurality of sensors located on the touch panel, the most output values of the large 1st peak sensor which outputs the output value, the output value of the 2nd peak sensor is greater output value in the second, third to seek correction value based on the output value of the 4th peak sensor is larger output value of the output value and the fourth 3rd peak sensor is larger output value to calculate the detailed coordinates.


The smart home Electricity Management System (EMS) enables users to obtain crucial information about the entire household electricity consumption. In this paper, a similar smart home EMS named beLyfe developed by Telecom Malaysia (TM) has been used in which we intend to forecast a day ahead of hourly electricity consumption timeseries data. The short-term electricity consumption timeseries data forecasting is complex due to the non-linear form of data, recently the Deep Neural Network (DNN) models have gained considerable attention to perform this task. This study aims to determine an effective DNN model for forecasting our (EMS) hourly data by evaluating four popular DNN models such as the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the Long Short Term Network (LSTM), the hybrid CNN-LSTM, and the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The significant hyper-parameters, such as filter size, neuron size, and optimizer algorithm, has been determined through hyper-parameter tuning and performed a comparison experiment between each of these model on four different week sample datasets. The evolutionary experimental results indicate that the 1-D CNN model outperformed the remaining models concerning prediction accuracy and computational training complexity. Index Term-1-D Convolutional Neural Network, Electricity Management System (EMS), Time-Series Data


An experiment was conducted in order to determine the level of chicken manure which best for the production and carrying capacity of Super-1 sorghum. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment with four treatments as follow P0 = without chicken manure; P1 = 3,500 kg manure/ha; P2 = 4,500 kg manure/ha; P3 = 5,500 kg manure/ha, 5 repetitions each treatment, as a result it was obtained total of 20 experimental unit. There were 36 sorghum plants on each 6 m2 plot sized. Measurements taken were plants height (cm/plant), leaf number (leaves/plant), leaf length (cm/leaf/plant), fresh weight (gr/plant), dry weight (gr/plant) and carrying capacity (ha/AU/year). Sorghums were harvested on the day 110th. It was found in this experiment that the application of chicken manure gave a significant effect (P<0.05) on all measurements taken compared to that of all measurements taken in control. Application of chicken manure at level 5,500 kg per hectare gave the best results on all growth parameters and forage yields of Super 1 sorghum as well as its carrying capacity.


The theoretical analysis of the concepts of "inclusion", "inclusive education", "children with special needs" has been carried out. The study of these terms has made it possible to conclude that inclusive education is based on the idea of including children with special educational needs in mass educational institutions. It has been demonstrated that at the present stage of development of the society, inclusive education as a central pedagogical condition for the success of each child has its clearly defined value. The basic principles of inclusive education are defined in accordance with the legislative framework of Ukraine. The history of the formation and implementation of the ideas of inclusive education has been considered. The uniqueness of inclusive education lies in the fact that it combines pedagogy, medicine and social work. This contributes to the theoretical comprehension of it in the context of each of the scientific fields and the formation of an integral conception of it. The important tasks, which are necessary for the implementation of inclusive education in Ukraine, have been analyzed. It has been found that the basis of inclusive education is the ideology that prevents any discrimination against children, ensures equal treatment for all, creating special conditions for children with special educational needs. It is noted that inclusive education can support such children in learning and achieving success, which will give them chances and opportunities to improve their lives. It has been proved that the introduction of inclusive education contributes to the restructuring of the culture of the educational institution, involving teachers, students and their parents.


This paper quantifies the impact of adverse environmental conditions on the detection of fiducial markers (i.e., artificial landmarks) by color cameras mounted on rotorcraft. We restrict our attention to square markers with a black-and-white pattern of grid cells that can be nested to allow detection at multiple scales. These markers have the potential to enhance the reliability of precision takeoff and landing at vertiports by flying vehicles in urban settings. Prior work has shown, in particular, that these markers can be detected with high precision (i.e., few false positives) and high recall (i.e., few false negatives). However, most of this prior work has been based on image sequences collected indoors with hand-held cameras. Our work is based on image sequences collected outdoors with cameras mounted on a quadrotor during semi-autonomous takeoff and landing operations under adverse environmental conditions that include variations in temperature, illumination, wind speed, humidity, visibility, and precipitation. In addition to precision and recall, performance measures include continuity, availability, robustness, resiliency, and coverage volume. We release both our dataset and the code we used for analysis to the public as open source.


Mushrooms have highly nutritious compounds, which are used to prevent and treat disease and the ingredients can be used in supplements. Especially, peptic ulcer or gastritis disease occurring from the infection of Helicobacter pyrola as a Gram-negative bacteria in the human stomach1-6 and administration of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs are used for the treatment of pain, rheumatic, and cardiovascular diseases. Regular use of NSAIDs will inhibit an action of Prostaglandins which can affect the digestive system, liver, cardiovascular system and respiratory system and also the central nervous system.7-10 found that there are increasing numbers of gastritis and ulcer incidences throughout the world.


Green building is one of the sustainability dimensions in built environment. The issues of green building and its impact to the society have been increasingly discussed. Green certification is one of the components in measuring sustainable development and plays an important role as an assessment system to an individual building's performance. The question arises whether the market understand and recognized the green certification. The objectives of this research are to discuss the issue pertaining to green value and the relationship between green certification and property price. The research emphasized on the understanding of property attributes focusing on green certification and the impact to the property price. Among the attributes identified are structural characteristics, location and neighborhood, and time attributes. Thus, this paper will discusses the review of literature on green development and the significance impact on property market in term of price and value. The green building development across the country could be classified as another sector in property markets that give significant impact to the real estate industry. As a result, a conceptual framework in assessing the impact of green certification is suggested to provide a significant input in developing the model of hedonic pricing for green building. This research may contribute to extend the body of knowledge in the area of green development and a suggested significant input will give much emphasize on the new valuation technique in valuing green building properties.


The feedback mode of the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) is used to induce and measure charge-transfer coupling (CTC) between two ion-transfer (IT) processes across liquid/liquid interfaces. Results are interpreted using a general model for coupling processes under steady-state conditions that is also applicable to other modes of coupling such as IT−ET and ET−ET (ET = electron transfer). The measured feedback curves demonstrate the effect of mass-transfer limitations in these processes on the potential across the interface, shedding new light on the dynamics of bioenergetics and phase-transfer catalysis systems as well as on previous SECM studies of liquid/liquid interfaces.


agents. These agents include genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemical carcinogens such as. tobacco. hormones. viruses. metals etc, Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that accumulates several genetic and epigenetic changes of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, For agents having similar bio]ogical function and affecting the same step of carcinogenesis. additivity is generally expected. while for agents acting at different rate-limiting step.


Humans have a close relationship with nature either as guardians, explorers, or even nature waster. The relationship between humans and nature is also manifested in literary works, especially folklore. In folklore, the relationship between humans and nature is described as very intimate. However, this relationship is not only beneficial for nature itself. In the Minangkabau folklore Ikan Sakti, it is illustrated that the relationship is not too good between humans and nature which ultimately causes harm to nature and humans. This shows a criticism of the destructive attitude of humans towards nature and the environment in which humans live. In the folklore Ikan Sakti depicted local wisdom about how to maintain nature and the environment so that there is a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. In addition, the folklore of Ikan Sakti also voices the cultural aspects as well as the ecological aspects of the community behind the folklore.


The VPN technology and IPSec protocols are introduced,and implementation of the IPSec-based VPN technology discussed for network security,dispite the amounted complexity of operation.


The research developed a Sustainable Tourism Management Model for strategic planning in Pedernales province of Manabi. A selection of territory was done to identify entities and collaborators, an analysis of tourism to identify supply and demand, with the result that most cities are in need of improving infrastructure and tourism promotion. The participatory aspect link communities to tourism, determining that itself is interested in developing new tourism alternatives, the selection of indicators worth to be aware of important issues for management; a comprehensive diagnosis matrix was used to structure Weaknesses, Threats, Strengths and Opportunities, knowing the main potentialities that Pedernales has and its shortcomings, and develop relevant strategies and Sustainable Tourism Management Model for strategic planning structures, stages and courses of action, which is simplified in a process diagram. It is concluded that the model of sustainable tourism management will assist the authorities and stakeholders involved in tourism can planning various areas and promote sustainable tourism actions, in addition to presenting interesting because it includes aspects that can be converted in support for further research in Pedernales.


To the lay person, the strict fifty-minutes sessions, the consistency of same time, same place and the apparent detached stance of a therapist might make psychotherapy appear unnecessarily rigid an...


It is difficult to answer the problem whether the range rate measurement should be adopted to track a target in a tracking scenario. A practical adaptive nonlinear tracking algorithm with the range rate measurement is proposed, which avoids this problem and achieves good accuracy of target state estimation. First, three popular nonlinear filtering algorithms only with the position measurement are surveyed. Second, three popular nonlinear filtering algorithms with the position and range rate measurements are surveyed. Then, a novel tracking algorithm with range rate measurement is proposed based on the cumulative sum detector and the above two kinds of nonlinear algorithms. The results of simulation experiment demonstrate that the range rate measurement could reduce accuracy of the target state estimation in mismatch tracking scenarios. The results of simulation experiment also verify that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than the current state and the art interacting multiple-model algorithm and can well follow the state estimation output of the measurement equation matching the tracking scenario.


In this paper are treated the aspects regarding spectral enhancement "tasseled cap" applied to the satellite images of medium resolution spatial Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus. The technique is similar to the principal components analysis and suppose the reduction of the data dimension requisite for interpretation of satellite registering. The analysis of the image obtained shows that this can be used on the large area to differentiation of land use.


Ground water is the only primary source of drinking water in the study area. So, a comprehensive study has been carried out with respect to heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Lead, Selenium and Zinc in ground water sources of Jammalamadugu (JMD) and Yerraguntla (YGL) areas of YSR Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. Ten groundwater samples from each area were collected and analyzed for trace metals by ICP-OES method. The results showed that the mean concentration level of various heavy metals in the JMD area followed the sequence: Zn > Fe > Mn > Se > Cu > Cd>Mo~ Pb > Ni > Cr > As~Hg where as in YGL area the mean concentration of heavy metals was in the order: Zn> Fe> Se> Mn> Ni> Mo> Cd> Pb> Cr> As~ Hg ~Cu. The concentration of eleven heavy metals, except cadmium, in both areas was detected within the permissible limits of WHO. The Concentration of Cadmium in 40% of samples of JMD area and 30% samples of YGL area was detected above WHO guidelines. Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic industrial and environmental pollutant. Drinking water with high Cadmium levels severely irritates the stomach, leading to vomiting, diarrhea, kidney damage, osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Some of the groundwater sources are safe for drinking, but proactive measures should take to check the levels of trace metals periodically.


The dissociation of CX, CXM, and CX+ (X=F, Cl) and the nature of the corresponding at- oms or ions are investigated using ab mition molecular orbital methods.The results show that the order of first ionization potential of C, Cl, and C atoms is FClC, and the first adiabatic electron affinity, ClFC. The calculated properties are in good agreement with available reference data. the Calculated adiabatic electron affinities using ab initio, LDA, or LDA/NL methods proved that anion is more stable than corresponding neutral molecular. The calculated dissociation energies of various dissociation channels from ab initio method are more high than reference data by leV - 1.5eV. The first ionization potential and adiabatic electron affinity can be used to estimated the CX, CX-, and CX+ which are more easy to dissociated.


To assess whether thoracenteses performed with sonographic guidance are associated with a lower rater of pneumothorax and tube thoracostomy than those performed without sonographic guidance.


The invention discloses an intelligent electricity use data management method based on AMI and J2EE. The method comprises the following steps that according to different service requirements and configuration condition requirements of data to be collected, collection tasks are allocated; the collection tasks are executed, wherein collection instructions are automatically issued to a collection terminal or a measurement device according to the prepared collection tasks and the requirements, and various data of the collection terminal or the measurement device are obtained; the data are checked, wherein service rule checking, data completeness checking, data quality checking and checking about whether data results are correct or not are carried out on the collected data; the data are stored, wherein the data collected by the collection terminal or the measurement device are stored in a cache region and batch storage is carried out after the data reach a preset quantity. An intelligent electricity use data management system comprises a sensor, a serial server, a communication service circuit and the collection terminal. Under the condition that no hardware facility needs to be added, completeness of the data is achieved due to automatic or manual supplementary collection carried out through technological means.


During 2006, Dennis Hardy was the recipient of the International Garden City Research Fellowship, awarded jointly by Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation and the University of Westminster. This book, which is the result of that period of study, marries together a passionate interest in sustainable cities with the author's conviction about the continuing relevance of the Garden City project. Hence, after providing a succinct summary of the familiar territory of environmentalism, Hardy draws on Howard's Garden City principles to suggest a hierarchy of 'eco-places' suitable for the twenty-first century. Extending from eco-buildings to eco-metropolis, this might provide a conceptual framework into which existing settlements could be adapted and new places built.


Communication networks are becoming more essential for our daily life and critically important for industry and governments. The intense growth in the backbone traffic implies an increment on the power demands of the network equipment. This power usage has a significant negative effect on the environment. In this paper, some ideas are exposed and discussed in order to make backbone communication network more environmentally friendly. In addition the scheme of a potential model is introduced to be able to evaluate the emissions of a network during its life time.


Significance We found that the probability of carrying heterozygous germline BLM mutations is significantly higher among mesothelioma patients than in the general population. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that heterozygous BLM mutations increase susceptibility to mesothelioma. BLM-mutation carriers are at higher risk of developing mesothelioma, and their risk increases upon asbestos exposure. Therefore, BLM mutation carriers should benefit from prevention and screening for early detection. We suggest that genetic testing to identify carriers of BLM heterozygous mutations and genetic counseling would help identify individuals at higher risk of mesothelioma and provide mutation carriers the option to implement simple preventive measures to reduce exposure to asbestos and other carcinogenic fibers to decrease their risk of developing mesothelioma. Rare biallelic BLM gene mutations cause Bloom syndrome. Whether BLM heterozygous germline mutations (BLM+/−) cause human cancer remains unclear. We sequenced the germline DNA of 155 mesothelioma patients (33 familial and 122 sporadic). We found 2 deleterious germline BLM+/− mutations within 2 of 33 families with multiple cases of mesothelioma, one from Turkey (c.569_570del; p.R191Kfs*4) and one from the United States (c.968A>G; p.K323R). Some of the relatives who inherited these mutations developed mesothelioma, while none with nonmutated BLM were affected. Furthermore, among 122 patients with sporadic mesothelioma treated at the US National Cancer Institute, 5 carried pathogenic germline BLM+/− mutations. Therefore, 7 of 155 apparently unrelated mesothelioma patients carried BLM+/− mutations, significantly higher (P = 6.7E-10) than the expected frequency in a general, unrelated population from the gnomAD database, and 2 of 7 carried the same missense pathogenic mutation c.968A>G (P = 0.0017 given a 0.00039 allele frequency). Experiments in primary mesothelial cells from Blm+/− mice and in primary human mesothelial cells in which we silenced BLM revealed that reduced BLM levels promote genomic instability while protecting from cell death and promoted TNF-α release. Blm+/− mice injected intraperitoneally with asbestos had higher levels of proinflammatory M1 macrophages and of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-10, and IL-12 in the peritoneal lavage, findings linked to asbestos carcinogenesis. Blm+/− mice exposed to asbestos had a significantly shorter survival and higher incidence of mesothelioma compared to controls. We propose that germline BLM+/− mutations increase the susceptibility to asbestos carcinogenesis, enhancing the risk of developing mesothelioma.


Evaluating semantic similarity of texts is a task that assumes paramount importance in real-world applications. In this paper, we describe some experiments we carried out to evaluate the performance of different forms of word embeddings and their aggregations in the task of measuring the similarity of short texts. In particular, we explore the results obtained with two publicly available pre-trained word embeddings (one based on word2vec trained on a specific dataset and the second extending it with embeddings of word senses). We test five approaches for aggregating words into text. Two approaches are based on centroids and summarize a text as a word embedding. The other approaches are some variations of the Okapi BM25 function and provide directly a measure of the similarity of


Defects such as voids, pores, and joints will transform into big scale cracks in the rock of tunnel surrounding under dynamic load like blasting and earthquake. In this paper, three kinds of symmetrical cracks were chosen as an example, and experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to study the effect of symmetric cracks on a blast-induced crack. The relationship of main crack propagation characteristic and distribution of symmetrical cracks was investigated. Some circular specimens using two kinds of material, PMMA and sandstone, including a center hole charged with a detonator and pre-existing cracks were used in the experiments. The test system consisted of an oscilloscope and an ultradynamic strain amplifier and crack propagation gauges (CPGs) were employed in monitoring propagation velocity. AUTODYN code was applied in numerical simulation to investigate the propagation behavior of main crack between symmetrical cracks. Linear equation of state and a modified major principal stress failure criterion was utilized to describe the status of rock material. Based on experimental and numerical results, it can be concluded that (1) the pre-existing symmetrical cracks have arrest effect on main crack propagation, (2) compressive stress in y-direction plays very important roles in crack arrest, and (3) the spacing of parallel cracks has a great influence on crack propagation length and velocity.


At the end of the second Querelle des femmes in France, François de Billon wrote Le Fort inexpugnable de l'Honneur du Sexe Femenin (1555) in honor of Catherine de Médicis and other women of high social standing. In this work he offers the reader arguments to resist the misogynist onslaught and siege. Billon details the arguments for (and against) women in order to combat misogynist prejudices. The superiority of women that he defends is based primarily on intellectual, moral, technical, inventive, poetic, artistic, legal and rhetorical grounds. In his work, we can find the influence of authors such as Cornelius Agrippa to combat classical arguments such as those coming from Plato or Aristotle. However, he does not only stick to these "inherited" arguments since, thanks to his immense culture, he incorporates original motifs. She includes in this work many contemporary authors by praising those who wrote in favor of women (Héroët, Ronsard, du Bellay, Saint-Gelais, Jodelle, Baïf, Thiard, Pelletier...) and by criticizing those who displayed a misogynist position (Gratien du Pont de Drusac, Rabelais or Erasmus, for example). The aim of this work is none other than to analyze the arguments of his apologia, trying to establish the flow of influences.


The UNDP (2005) notes the twentieth century as one of the bloodiest in human history. It has been defined by wars between countries and regions, as well as conflicts within countries. As members of the global community, it is hard for educators not to encounter the effects of violence and war in different forms in local and professional contexts. Set against the aftermath of one of the longest civil wars in recent times, this study explores what three Sri Lankan teacher education programs in the National Colleges of Education (NCOE) are doing to prepare prospective English language teachers to teach in a time of post-conflict reconciliation. This qualitative study was conducted in three teacher education programs in the Western, Central and Northern Provinces of Sri Lanka and includes the voices and perceptions of culturally and linguistically diverse teacher candidates and teacher educators. Most of the war zone was located in northern Sri Lanka. In particular, this study focuses on teacher candidates' identities, their experiences within the program and with diversity, their understanding of diversity as well as their roles and responsibilities when teaching socially and culturally diverse learners. This qualitative research inquiry utilizes a blend of narrative and case study methodologies, and includes a variety of traditional data sources such as semi-structured face-to-face interviews, iii formal and informal observations, and document analysis, as well as non-traditional methods such as picture descriptions, identity portraits and mind maps generated by the teacher candidates. The research is informed primarily by a group of focal participants comprised of 12 teacher candidates (4 from each program). Their voices are complemented by a peripheral group of 16 teacher candidates and 9 teacher educators from the three teacher education programs, thus providing a rich understanding of how Sri Lankan English language teachers experience the process of becoming teachers. An integrated conceptual framework based on notions of pedagogical orientations (Cummins, 2009; Miller and Seller, 1990; Miller, 2007, 2010) support the analysis of teacher candidates' diverse perspectives and experiences relevant to curricular practices in their teacher education program. Additional concepts and theories are considered to allow for a more textured understanding of the prospective teachers' identities, the nature of their experiences in the program and their perceptions of their own roles as future teachers. These include poststructuralist identity theory (Clarke, 2009; Norton Pierce, 1995; Norton, 2000), social justice teacher education (Cochran-Smith, 2004; Zeichner, 2009, 2011) and culturally relevant pedagogy


Planning as a managerial function implies the important process of predicting the future. In business planning plays a key role, as it depends on the fate of the enterprise in some way. It is also known that planning is unavoidable in all areas, as well as planning as the first and basic stage of forecasting reduces the uncertainty and uncertainty of either the enterprise or beyond. Looking at planning as a process of predicting the future takes into account the very important role of the manager in wanting to reduce the mistakes in making a decision, he must foresee all possible factors to come up with. to achieve the goal. Thus the goal is the first step of planning, as all plans must contribute to the achievement of the goals. All entrepreneurs need to know exactly where they are right now and where they want to go when making plans, because they need to know what the critical path is or what paths to follow. So, given the nature of this paper, among other things, I have tried to present the overall goals, but also of the business organization in particular, the hierarchy of these goals, the process of setting and the stages to follow until reaching the goals. Also the models used in planning, and who prepares the plans, what they mean and who deals with them. I have also tried to describe in detail the necessary techniques and models that are an inevitable part of sustainable planning.Planning is a placement system, where based on anticipating possible situations in the surroundings, it is required that combination of available and expected resources be used to enable the rapid growth of the business organization. - Planning is the adaptation of business activities to changes whereby it can escape all risks and efficiently exploit the opportunities given.Planning as a process or mental activity represents the thinking process, organized mission prediction, based on facts and experience, which are necessary to undertake any conscious activity. Planning is an intellectual process, a mental disposition to do things properly, to think before acting, to act in the light of facts rather than intentionally.


The Guadalquivir river marshes, located in the ancient estuary, cover an area of 142.000 ha. They are formed on soils of alluvial origin, very clayey, with a saline - sodic nature and a shallow very saline water table. Part of this soils have been reclaimed to agricultural use by the installation of a drainage system and the construction of the "Bajo Guadalquivir" Channel for irrigation water supply. The objective of this work is to determine the composition of the in situ soil solution and exchange complex, and its evolution between two consecutives irrigations, using the EXPRESO model, (Rieu et al, 1998). This estimation would permit us to optimize the irrigation application and its amount, in order to help the salt leaching. The soil samples (0-0.30, 0.30-0.60 y 0.60-0.90 m) used in this work were obtained in a farm plot of 6 ha (Lebrija, Sector BXII), situated on the left bank of the river. Sugar beet was growing on it, and sprinkling irrigations were applied. There was a first sampling in order to characterize the plot. A 0.5 ha subplot was selected in order to study the evolution of the chemical equilibrium between adsorbed species and soil solution with the irrigation. The chemical analysis were determined in the saturated paste extracts for soluble ions. Exchangeable cations were determined using a method described by Tucker, 1974. The initial sampling showed a soil of clayey texture, saline-sodic, slightly alkaline, calcareous, with low nitrogen and organic matter contents and medium values of available P. The experimental results obtained between two irrigations showed an increase in the saturated paste extract electrical conductivity (ECsp) and a decrease in the exchangeable after irrigation. This trend follows up for five days at the depth of 0 - 0.30 and 0.30 - 0.60 m, and not so long at 0.60 - 0.90 m. This data have been introduced in the EXPRESO model to know the evolution of the chemical composition of the soil solution, the exchange and precipitated phases at the in situ water content.


To study the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Langao mafic volcanic rocks in South Qinling orogenic belt,basalts and volcanic breccias are sampled from Langao County for petrography,major elements,trace elements and REE analysis.The results show that they are classified to alkaline basalts,and characterized by strong differentiation between LREE and HREE,Rb,K depletion relative to Th,Hf and no Nb,Ta,Zr,Ti negative anomalies.All of the samples display highly consistent REE patterns and trace elements spider diagrams with OIB.Petrogenenis studies reveal that they were derived from a congenetic primitive magma which was the product of low-degree partial melting of the spinel-garnet lherzolites and garnet lherzolites.These rocks mainly underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene with minor plagioclases and were not accompanied by contamination of continent crustal materials during their magmatic evolution processes.Tectonic discrimination for mafic volcanics,using trace elements,and regional geological analysis demonstrate that Langao mafic volcanic rocks were most likely formed in the ocean basin plateau or ocean island setting.


Cleft palate speech is characterized by a pronounced nasality of all the vowel sounds, an inability to pronounce the dentals t and d , the labials p and b , the palatals k , hard g and hard c and an incorrect pronunciation of the labiodentals f , v , l , r , and the sibilants s and z . There are several types of cleft palate: a cleft in the soft palate, a cleft in the hard palate, a cleft in both or a cleft in the upper lip. This last condition is known as harelip and is frequently associated with the other types of cleft palate. MECHANISM OF SPEECH FAILURE The speech defect is due to a failure of function on the part of the palate. The soft palate and its prolongation, the uvula, serve to close up the posterior passage to the nose during phonation. This closure takes place in the production of


This quantitative study aimed to determine the influence of parental education and income level on the performance of senior secondary students in Mathematics in Botswana. A survey method was adopted to collect data from a random sample of 168 students doing mathematics. The data were collected on the three measures of socio-economic status; family income, father's education, and mother's education. The level of father's education was found to be higher than the mother's as no father was found to be illiterate but 7.7% mothers were found to be illiterate. The highest of 51.2% students belong to low income level whereas a lowest of 8.3% to the high income level families. The income level, mother's education level and father's education level have significant influence on the performance of students in maths which indicates that these factors are significant predictors of the performance of students in mathematics. Government as well as parents should find effective strategies to improve their education and income *S.P. Baliyan (Corresponding author)M.Ed. (Research and Evaluation) Student, Department Educational Foundations, University of Botswana E-mail: email@example.com *K.S.Madhava Rao,Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Botswana, E-Mail: email@example.com *P.S. Baliyan, Lecturer, Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Botswana,E-mail: email@example.com Global Research Journal On Mathematics And Science Education ISSN 2278-0769 V1N2 136 so as to be able not only in providing the necessary reading material and learning environment to their children but also equip parents in helping, encourage and motivate in learning mathematics. The socio-economic status of the students, especially in rural areas can be improved by offering some monetary incentives such as rural scholarships.


Extradition — Procedure of — Competence of requesting authorities — Burden of proof — Presumption of competence — Whether plea of innocence can be bar to extradition — Extradition Treaty of 1886 between Argentina and Italy — The law of Argentina.


Sulfonamides (SAs) represent a significant category of pharmaceutical compounds due to their effective antimicrobial characteristics. SAs were the first antibiotics to be used in clinical medicine to treat a majority of diseases, since the 1900s. In the dairy farming industry, sulfa drugs are administered to prevent infection, in several countries. This increases the possibility that residual drugs could pass through milk consumption even at low levels. These traces of SAs will be detected and quantified in milk. Therefore, microextraction techniques must be developed to quantify antibiotic residues, taking into consideration the terms of Green Analytical Chemistry as well.


To validate a set of peer nomination forms, 40 different prototypical descriptions were written to represent four aptitude domains (intellectual, creative, socio-affective, physical) and four talent fields (academic, technical, artistic, interpersonal). They were distributed among six experimental forms, which were paired and administered in counterbalanced oreder at a 3-week interval to a sample of 2350 pupils about equally divided between both sexes and three grades (4, 5, 6), and to the teachers of their 88 groups. Indices of reliability —interpeer agreement— were computed for each prototype in every group. A majority of the prototypes maintained acceptable interpeer agreement levels; important variations were observed associated with a small age effect, a significant group effect, and a very large prototype effect, confirming that interpeer agreement depends first and foremost on the specific aptitude or talent assessed. Consensus among peers was best for intellectual and physical aptitudes, and academic and artistic talents; it was worst for socio-affective aptitudes and interpersonal talents.


The Auger Collaboration has recently published the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 1 EeV, which exhibits interesting features. These spectrum features provide an opportunity to investigate the propagation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). In this study, we have developed a model that incorporates the dip model for UHECRs in the extragalactic propagation, while accounting for the suppression due to diffusion and interactions within the galaxy. Our model demonstrates excellent agreement with the energy spectrum measured by Auger and supports a spectral index of 2 for the diffusion coefficient in the galaxy starting from $5\times10^{18}$eV.


This protocol describes how to prepare, stain and mount biogenic silica particles (opaline from diatoms, Radiolaria, sponges spicules, phytolith...) for 3D imaging with fluorescence microscopy. The protocol is fast, convenient and affordable. Hence it could be a relevant alternative to X-ray computed tomography or photogrammetry. EXTERNAL LINK doi: 10.7554/eLife.26066 DOI dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.vuze6x6 EXTERNAL LINK doi: 10.7554/eLife.26066 PROTOCOL CITATION Sebastien Colin 2018. Simple 3D imaging of biogenic silica structures by fluorescence microscopy. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.vuze6x6 MANUSCRIPT CITATION please remember to cite the following publication along with this protocol LICENSE This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited CREATED Nov 24, 2018 LAST MODIFIED Nov 26, 2018 PROTOCOL INTEGER ID 18041 1 11/26/2018 Cita tion : Sebastien Colin (11/26/2018). Simple 3D imaging of biogenic silica structures by fluorescence microscopy. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.vuze6x6 This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited


Many are still confused by the EMC directive; however, the European Commission's new guidelines should help in this field. Here, the author describes the latest official attempt to explain Directive 89/336, the most contentious of the new approach directives.


The journal ACM Transactions on Computation Theory has now entered its tenth year of existence, having begun accepting submissions in February, 2008. A new Editor-in-Chief, Venkatesan Guruswami, assumed control of the journal in February, 2017. In this article, the outgoing Editor-in-Chief shares a few thoughts about the journal.


The invention concerns a pure or mixed grafted thermosetting thermoplastic polyurethane obtainable by direct grafting on a pure or mixed thermoplastic polyurethane, of a crosslinking agent selected in the group comprising diisocyanate trimers capable of initiating the crosslinking reaction at a temperature higher than 85 DEG C and blocked isocyanates, whereof the reactivation temperature is higher than 85 DEG C.


A specific hemagglutination reaction has been described (1) between the sera of tuberculous experimental animals or human beings and sheep erythrocytes treated with extracts or products of the culture filtrates of tubercle bacilli. Observations on this reaction have been confirmed and extended by other investigators (2-6). The present paper is concerned with a modification of this test which involves the addition of complement to the reaction system and thereby often transforms the reaction from one of hemagglutination to one of hemolysis. This hemolytic phenomenon was first observed while investigating the possibility of using tuberculous patients' own red cells instead of sheep red cells for performing the hemagglutination reaction. It has been independently observed by Fisher and Keogh in studies on the application of the hemagglutination test for tuberculosis in cattle (7); and what appears to be the same phenomenon has recently been observed in serologic studies on trypanosomiasis (8).


The existing crowd flow simulation models fall into two major categories: those based on space syntax theories, and those based on the vehicular micro-simulation models incorporating origin-destination matrix. The space-syntax based models have a unique strength in their ability to analyse the spatial geometry quickly and generating valuable information about the configuration of space. However it suffers from the exclusion of dynamic effects of flow that are driven by the needs of people to go from A to B. The origin-destination based models are fundamentally micro-simulation models that provide for these dynamic effects. These models provide the valuable information on interaction of agents and densities as a function of time. However these models tend to be complex, both in pre-processing and execution, and reliable information on space effectiveness is only available at the end of a number of simulation runs. The present work brings these two techniques together by integrating graph-theory based network analysis with an origin-destination matrix model. The resulting model can be analysed in a static as well as dynamic state. In the static state, the model analyses space based on connectivity of nodes, superimposed with the origin-destination matrix of population to provide valuable information such as footfalls, density maps, as well as quasi-static parameters such as mean flow rates. In the dynamic state, the model allows time-dependent analysis of flow using a detailed agent based simulation that also incorporates dynamic route-choice modelling, agent behaviours and interaction, and stochastic variations. The paper presents the modelling technique and its implementation into simulation software SmartMove. The space is represented as a 3D network of nodes and links, with each link modelled as "1.5D" (width information is used for lateral positioning of people on the links). This enables rapid dynamic simulation of multiple scenarios without major computational overheads. The model is very effective in rapid design optimisation of spaces within and outside buildings. The static state model allows testing of various configurations quickly. The dynamic state model provides detailed investigation of such as maximum flow rates, queue lengths, and design parameters to attain a required level of service. The model is easily scalable and applicable to a range of scenarios. The paper illustrates this with reference to the circulation design of a 2,200+ capacity school, covering the pre-processing (population and origin-destination data), static analysis, dynamic simulation results, and (design and management) optimisation strategies.


Packet filtering and forwarding are the core issues of gigabit network intrusion forensics system (GNIFS), which requires network forensics machine to classify IP packets and then process the packets according to the classification results. With the existing cross-product methods, the classification of each dimension is based on the difference display of IP packet addresses. It classifies the addresses into several classes, and then cross-product these classes. According to this method, no matter how many dimensions are involved, these classes are overlapping in an address space and can't be looked up using fast one-dimensional searching algorithms. This paper presents an improved cross-product. A set of non-overlapping areas are divided in the address space. This method enables the use of fast onedimensional looking up algorithm and decreases the searching time. To compress the size of crossproduct table, this paper uses an equivalent class to combine repeating rows or columns. Run-length encoding (RLE) and Bit Array compression algorithm are applied for further compression. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we used the Internet routing table of reality autonomous systems to simulate a classifier. By using classifiers with different sizes, we proved the validity of this method.


Pulmonary haemorrhage may occur in several diseases involving the kidneys, such as nephrosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, periarteritis nodosa (23), Wegener's granulomatosis (19), pyelonephritis, acute renal failure and myeloma (24). The most common cause is glomerulonephritis, of which more than 100 cases have been reported (21). MCCAUGHEY & THOMAS at autopsy found bilateral haemorrhage in 25 out of 252 cases of glomerulonephritis, and small areas of local haemorrhage and haemosiderosis in 119 cases. Haemoptysis had been noted in only 22 cases. Radiographic pulmonary changes in glomerulonephritis caused by haemorrhage have been reported in 87 cases (1-3, 5-11, 13, 14, 17-20, 22, 23, 25-27,29-31,33-39,41,44-47,51-57). The diagnosis of pulmonary haemorrhage was based on a history of haemoptysis confirmed at autopsy in 76 cases, based on haemoptysis alone in 10 cases who survived, and on autopsy findings alone in one case; 5 cases were confirmed by lung biopsy. Iron-laden macrophages in the sputum made the diagnosis probable in 9 cases. The time that elapsed between roentgen examination and autopsy, when the haemorrhage


The rapid and mostly uncontrolled spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic over the past 4 months has overwhelmed many healthcare systems worldwide. In Singapore, while our public healthcare institutions were considered well prepared due to our prior experience with the SARS outbreak, there was an unexpected surge of infected patients over the recent 2 months to deal with. We describe our radiology department's experience in modifying operational practices and implementing strict infection control measures aimed at minimizing disease transmission and mitigating the potential impact of possible staff infection. From the perspective of serving a medium-sized regional hospital and limited by physical and manpower constraints, our radiology department had to adapt quickly and modify our initial responses and practices as the disease scenario changed. We have also enumerated some guidelines for planning future radiology departments.


3 1. What is democracy? Short review of conceptual definitions 4 2. The empirical spreading of democracy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries: The need for distinguishing between different qualities of democracy 7 3. Initiatives for an empirical measurement of democracies in global context: Freedom House, Polity IV, Vanhanen's Index of Democracy, and Democracy Index 10 4. Minimum or maximum definitions of democracy? Short review of concepts of the quality of democracy 18 5. The basic concept for the Democracy Ranking of the Quality of Democracy 30 References 42


The COVID-19 pandemic led the majority of educational institutions to rapidly shift to primarily conducting courses through online, remote delivery. Across different institutions, the tools used for synchronous online course delivery varied. They included traditional video conferencing tools like Zoom, Google Meet, and WebEx as well as non-traditional tools like Gather.Town, Gatherly, and YoTribe. The main distinguishing characteristic of these nontraditional tools is their utilization of 2-D maps to create virtual meeting spaces that mimic real-world spaces. In this work, we aim to explore how such tools are perceived by students in the context of learning. Our intuition is that utilizing a tool that features a 2-D virtual space that resembles a real world classroom has underlying benefits compared to the more traditional video conferencing tools. The results of our study indicate that students' perception of using a 2-D virtual classroom improved their interaction, collaboration and overall satisfaction with an online learning experience.


Molecular dynamics simulations of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers using the CHARMM27 force field in the tensionless isothermal-isobaric (NPT) ensemble give highly ordered, gel-like bilayers with an area per lipid of approximately 48 A(2). To obtain fluid (L(alpha)) phase properties of DPPC bilayers represented by the CHARMM energy function in this ensemble, we reparameterized the atomic partial charges in the lipid headgroup and upper parts of the acyl chains. The new charges were determined from the electron structure using both the Mulliken method and the restricted electrostatic potential fitting method. We tested the derived charges in molecular dynamics simulations of a fully hydrated DPPC bilayer. Only the simulation with the new restricted electrostatic potential charges shows significant improvements compared with simulations using the original CHARMM27 force field resulting in an area per lipid of 60.4 +/- 0.1 A(2). Compared to the 48 A(2), the new value of 60.4 A(2) is in fair agreement with the experimental value of 64 A(2). In addition, the simulated order parameter profile and electron density profile are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Thus, the biologically more interesting fluid phase of DPPC bilayers can now be simulated in all-atom simulations in the NPT ensemble by employing our modified CHARMM27 force field.


SummaryThe authors report a case of Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome the diagnosis of which was very difficult to make. The clinical picture was mainly made up with gastric hemorrhages, gangrene of the legs and eye troubles. Fundus examination showed the presence of angioide striae of the retina and this fact attracted attention on the cutaneous lesions of elastic pseudoxanthoma. The association of these two symptoms is called by the name of Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome or elastorrhexia generalisata; this syndrome must probably be ranked among collagen diseases.


OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA is a condition characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway often resulting in oxygen desaturation and arousals from sleep. The classic daytime manifestation is excessive sleepiness but other symptoms such as unrefreshing sleep, poor concentration and fatigue are commonly reported. Over the past thirty years many types of abnormal breathing during sleep have been described that are related to, but not accurately described as apneas. Partial airway obstruction can lead to a reduction in tidal volume, referred to as a hypopnea, with the same consequences as an apnea.1 Even more subtle abnormalities have been described such as progressive increases in respiratory effort, reflecting increasing upper airway resistance, that terminate after an arousal.2 Some patients have periods of hypoventilation during sleep, most commonly seen in REM, and not always associated with apneic events. These patients are often obese, usually have awake hypercapnia, and signs of cor pulmonale.3 Still another type of breathing abnormality consists of those apneic events that are not associated with inspiratory effort, indicating reduced central respiratory drive, referred to as central apneas.4 Central apneas can occur in otherwise healthy individuals but they are also a feature of Cheyne-Stokes breathing, which is commonly seen in patients with congestive heart failure. Mixed apneas refer to periods of absent airflow that are initially associated with an absence of respiratory effort and that persist upon resumption of respiratory effort indicating upper airway obstruction. As different types of disordered breathing events during sleep have been described, it has been recognized that signs and symptoms could be used to describe several syndromes. Burwell used the term Pickwickian syndrome to describe patients with obesity, hypercapnia, cor pulmonale, erythrocytosis, and daytime hypersomnolence.3 Guilleminault introduced the term obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with its central feature of daytime hypersomnolence and polysomnographically proven obstructive apneas.5 Hypopneas were first described by Block, et al. as events of shallow breathing causing oxygen desaturation.6 In 1988, cases with hypopneas and no or few apneas were described, with clinical symptoms similar to OSAS, and introduced the sleep hypopnea syndrome.1 Subsequently the OSAS began to be referred to as the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). In 1992 Guilleminault described a series of patients that had typical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea but who did not have obstructive apneas or hypopneas on polysomnography. It was suggested that these events, characterized by increasing negative esophageal pressure during inspiration and terminating with an arousal, reflected an upper airways resistance syndrome (UARS).2 The term central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS) has also been discussed in the literature but it has never been established whether patients with Cheyne-Stokes breathing or those with high altitude periodic breathing should be included under this rubric. The initial description of OSAS by Guilleminault included a criterion of a minimum duration of 10 seconds for an apnea to be scored. Based on a study of healthy subjects it was also suggested that more than 30 apneas per night should be considered abnormal.5 This was later standardized as the apnea index, which reflects the number of apneas per hour of sleep. The apnea index cutoff for OSAS was set at 5.7 Since the initial descriptions of these different types of abnormal breathing events and their related syndromes, technology has changed and original definitions have been modified to incorporate methods with uncertain validity and reliability. This has led to variable definitions of events and syndromes that are based on differing methodologies. The lack of uniform definitions as well as the clinical overlap between the Pickwickian syndrome, OSAHS, and CSAS has created confusion in clinical settings and has hindered comparisons of results from research studies. This publication addresses this issue by proposing a set of standard criteria for defining apnea events and syndromes. The Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force


[1] The inaugural conference of the Russian Society for Music Theory (Obshchiestvo Tieorii Muzyki or "OTM") was a huge success.(1) The conference, held from September 30 to October 2, 2013, took place in one of the world's most stunning cities, St. Petersburg, in two of its most distinguished institutions: St. Petersburg State University and the St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music. Coming from as far afield as Australia, Azerbaijan, England, France, Israel, Florida, and Texas-and with a strong showing from Russia's two historic capitals, Moscow and St. Petersburg itself-participants were treated to a smorgasbord of events that showcased the uniqueness of music theory as practiced in the Russian Federation. With five plenary talks, some 70 paper presentations of 30 or 45 minutes running in three or four concurrent sessions, spirited and sometimes heated Q&As, two concerts of Russian folk music and dance, a presentation of publications from St. Petersburg Conservatory Press, a lively business meeting, coffee breaks, collegial meals, and a long, jubilant closing session, the conference represented a historic step forward for Russian music theory.[2] In a sense the Russians are late to the game. The French society of music analysis began in 1985, the Italian in 1989. The British began the Society for Music Analysis in 1992, the Dutch-Flemish society began in 1999, and the German Gesellschaft started in 2000. With their rich theoretical tradition, it was logical for the Russians to begin a music theory society. Notably, the Europeans also launched journals as they began their societies, and the Russians have as well. At the OTM business meeting, editor of the Russian Journal of the Society for Music Theory, Olga Loseva (Moscow Conservatory), discussed this new publication, which has already launched its first issue (www.journal-otmroo.ru).(2) Though not yet apparent on its website, the interface will ultimately be available in English as well as Russian, and, more importantly, the journal will accept submissions in four languages: Russian, German, French, and English.(3) Marina Karaseva (Moscow Conservatory) also announced, at the opening session, the launch of a new social network, SPLAYN (www.splayn.com). A combination of three words-sound, play, and network-this site allows musicians and aficionados alike to freely exchange ideas in a social-network environment. Finally, OTM is now part of a larger federation of European societies of music theory and analysis, which includes the French, Italian, Dutch-Flemish, British, and German Societies. OTM will be taking part, therefore, in the next quadrennial EuroMAC conference in Leuven, Belgium, in September 2014, as a full-fledged member of that federation.(4)[3] The opening of the conference took place in the historic Petrovsky Hall of the university, a splendid, intimate, ornate chamber from the 18th century with original paintings and artwork.(5) Before a standing-room-only crowd, the president of the society, music theorist Alexander Sokolov, opened with a keynote address about Russian music scholarship in light of recent arts initiatives of the Russian government. This might sound strange coming from a theorist, were it not for the fact that Sokolov is the rector of the Moscow Conservatory and a former minister of culture (from 2004 to 2008) of the Russian Federation! Music theory topics started in earnest with the two keynote speeches immediately following Sokolov's address: Hermann Danuser (Humbolt University, Berlin) spoke about metadrama and metamusic in Wagner's Die Meistersinger, and Fred Lerdahl (Columbia University, New York) spoke about generative music theory in relation to the Schenkerian and Riemannian traditions.[4] Remarkably, the OTM organizers provided either written or oral translations for all presentations of the conference, into Russian or English depending on the need. For the roughly seventeen foreign participants who did not know Russian, about six young women from the university's philological department were available to interpret simultaneously. …


Most commercially available ultrasound imaging systems currently implement the delay and sum (DAS) beamforming. Alternative beamformers have been presented, offering higher performance at the expense of computational complexity, which has so far limited their practical real-time implementation. In particular, the Filtered-Delay Multiply and Sum (F-DMAS) beamformer, which adds the computation of signed square roots, absolute values and multiplications to DAS, was recently shown to be effective in improving resolution, dynamic range and overall image quality. In this work, we present the real-time implementation of the F-DMAS beamformer on the ULA-OP 256 research system. This is obtained through a reformulation of the F-DMAS algorithm that allows reducing its computational cost. Compared to DAS, F-DMAS images of a commercial phantom captured in real-time showed higher CR (up to +7 dB), better spatial resolution (up to 30%), but lower CNR (−40%).


ABSTRACT In situ experimental investigations of partial melt phenomenon in as-cast H13 steel at elevated temperatures between 1150°C and 1300°C was carried out using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observation. Stripy primary carbides composed of Cr, Mo, V and Ti were observed in the interdendritic zone of as-cast H13 steel. In the interdendritic zone there existed obvious Cr and Mo segregation and slightly C and V segregation. At temperatures above 1150°C, the liquid phase was observed at the primary carbides-matrix boundary, even though this temperature is much lower than the solidus temperature of H13 steel. A higher heat temperature and longer holding time result in the generation of an increased amount of liquid phase. The maximum fraction of the liquid phase in the present investigation was 6%. Two effects are responsible for the premature appearance of the liquid phase, namely the alloying elements segregation in the interdendritic zone and the decomposition of primary carbides. The presence of the liquid phase accelerates alloying elements diffusion in the interdendritic zone, and cavities will be generated because of the shrinkage of the liquid phase during rapid cooling.


This report constitutes the first deliverable of the "Composition Tools" Task (T6) of the MOSART Research Network Project and the Final Report on a Qualitative Analysis of Composers as Work conducted at the University of Sheffield in collaboration with Mosart. In it we document work towards defining a set of requirements for enhanced support for electroacoustic music composers. Electroacoustic music composition tools and systems selectively attempt to provide composers with services they require for music generation, e.g., for accessing, generating, organising and manipulating audio (and other) objects, which constitute the composition. However, a primary aim of composition software is also to create conditions in which composers can be creative in the use of these services. The evolution of composition software with respect to the former requirements has been dynamic and innovative, stimulated by continuing development of new programming and audio synthesis paradigms and techniques. However, we believe that the aim of providing a fertile environment for creativity has been largely ignored. Specifically, we believe there to be a need to establish a research base for enhancement of support within composition software for creativity. It is this aspect that is addressed by this report. In the first part of the report (chapters 2 and 3), we address the two questions: do research results exist already that can provide an effective research base, and if not, how should such research be conducted? Accordingly, chapter 2 provides a critical review of previous studies of composition and software to support composers, and the research methods used. In the light of this review, it then considers which research methodology will be most appropriate for further research into music generation systems. It concludes that there is need for studies towards a research base for enhancement of electrocoustic music composition software, such that creativity is better supported. Further, given the preliminary nature of such research, the methods used should be qualitative, with the aim of identifying the sensitising parameters. This preliminary study should involve observation of composers at work in naturalistic situations. A second phase is then envisaged which will involve both qualitative and quantitative methods used in tandem. A future aspiration is to devise software solutions to improve support for creativity, in which engineering research methodology will become appropriate. The second part of the report documents our experimental study of composers, in which we have applied the research methodology proposed. Chapters 3 and 4 respectively document and analyse a series of three experiments, conducted with progressive refinements to our research methodology. In each, composers were observed working in naturalistic setting over protracted periods of time. The main notions that emerged from the analysis of the rich data collected in this way are reiterated in Chapter 5, the third part of the report, which concerns the software requirements motivated by this study. These concern: the value of the unexpected; the value of diverse, unfamiliar and idiosyncratic tools; the need for support for composers both as users and programmers; the key role of new tools; the need for personal and shared know-how; the need for physical and visuo-spatial control of audio; support to allow users to multitask; and the support for holistic approaches to composition. The Editor Dr Barry Eaglestone, University of sheffield university Page 2of 49 T6 (1 Deliverable) Requirements Specification Version 0.1 (31 May. 02) requirements which address these are then set out from the perspectives of system architectures, object and process management. Data and knowledge management, and composer-computer interfaces. The report concludes with a summary and identification future work toward elaborating the theories in this document and validating them through prototyping and evaluating composition software. Editor Dr Barry Eaglestone, University of sheffield university Page 3of 49 T6 (1 Deliverable) Requirements Specification Version 0.1 (31 May. 02)


BACKGROUND
Low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) infection is the main cause of genital warts. LR- HPV genotypes 6 and 11 are associated with genital warts, but there have only been a few published studies about the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in genital warts in China. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of HPV genotypes for clinical cases involving both men and women and to evaluate the potential benefit of a quadrivalent (genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) HPV vaccine in eastern Guangdong province of China.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 696 eligible patients with genital warts were enrolled during the period Aug 2009 through Oct 2014. Specimens were collected from genital warts, the HPV GenoArray test was used for HPV detection and genotyping, which could detect 21 HPV genotypes, including genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18.

RESULTS
Among the 696 cases, 675 samples were successfully genotyped. The median age of patients was 32.1 years (range, 16-67 years). The most prevalent genotypes were HPV-6 (285/675, 42.2%), HPV-11 (265/675, 39.3%), HPV-52 (52/675, 7.7%), HPV-16 (51/675, 7.56%), HPV-81 (50/675, 7.40%) and HPV-58 (37/675, 5.48%). Low-risk genotypes predominated, with a prevalence of 96.59%. The cumulative prevalence of genotypes 6 and 11 was 78.7% (531/675), the cumulative prevalence of genotypes 16 and 18 was 11.6% (78/675), and the cumulative prevalence of genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 was 82.5% (557/675).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide strong evidence that, in eastern Guangdong, different from Western countries, the most prevalent low risk HPV genotypes in patients with genital warts are 6, 11 and 81. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine could prevent 82.5% of genital warts in eastern Guangdong.


There are many mysteries in the details of Gulliver's Travels. It seems that the description of the stage on which Gulliver let the Liliputian horses exercise is erroneous concerning its structure and size. But if we make thorough consideration, we can find out that Swift's description is rather correct. To make the stage we should put the sticks in the ground and make them slant a little, though this is not indicated clearly by the author. Also we can make use of the mysterious ninth stick at the centre of the whole structure as a support of the handkerchief. Though the stage can actually be built from Gulliver's handkerchief and thirteen sticks, it is still impossible to let the troop of twenty-four horses manuever on it when we adhere to the scale of 1 to 12. The field is too small for the cavalry. We need to interpret the latter half of the episode differently by means of a sur-realistic method. The episode resembles a Japanese rakugo-story, called 'Atama-Yama,' which means 'Head Hill.' In this fantastic story a man grows a cherry tree on his head and bewilderingly it is on his head too that many people gather to see the blossoms. The man's head and the crowd in 'Atama-Yama' correspond to the handkerchief and the horses in Gulliver's Travels. Behind the episode of the exercise on the handkerchief we can discover many points of significance. For example, the handkerchief probably means the Union Jack which represents the Union of England and Scotland accomplished by Queen Anne in 1707. We may assume that, as is demonstrated in this episode, there are numerous possible interpretations of many details in Gulliver's Travels.


The cadmium and rare earths from 30 g uranium metal are concentrated on a 20 g cellulose column, and the residual uranlum is eluted using ethyl ether containing 5% of nitric acid. The activated cellulose is ignited at 500 deg C. One pant of the ashes is mixed with zinc oxide for the spectrographic determination of cadmium. The other part is mixed with lithium carbonate for the spectrographic determination of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanons. The limits of detection are: 0.5 ppb for Yb and Sc; 2 ppb for Dy, Er, Eu, and Y; and 5 ppb for the other rare earth metals and Cd in uranium. The problem of lanthanum in uranium when used as internal standard is discussed. (auth)


A simple and single-step synthesis of 2-and 3-acyl substituted benzothiophenes has been described via environmentally benign acylation of benzothiophene with in situ generated acyl trifluoroacetates. Both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids participated in trifluoroacetic anhydride/phosphoric acid mediated CC bond forming reactions under solvent-free conditions affording acyl benzothiophenes in good overall yields.


These proceedings contain papers based on invited talks at the First International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (INIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland in October, 1997. The invited presentations addressed four major areas of importance to atomic and molecular data activities: Global trends affecting scientific data, collisions and spectral radiation data, date assessment and database and data management activities and lastly, data needs of the main user communities such as the magnetic and inertial fusion research communities, semiconductor{minus}related plasma processing, the atmospheric research community and the space astronomy community, etc. These proceedings are expected to be of interest to both producers and users of data and provide up{minus}to{minus}date surveys on atomic and molecular data. A wide range of data has been presented including X{minus}ray transition energies, atomic transition probabilities, atomic collisions data, data for cosmology and X{minus}ray astronomy, data for fusion plasma diagnostics, etc. There were 27 invited talks and consequently 27 articles in these Proceedings. Out of these, 9 have been abstracted for the Energy Science and Technology database.(AIP)