Drilling, coring, and geophysical logging were performed with a seafloor drilling rig to investigate a potentially gas occurrences of the Nile deep sea fan, in Baltim North Gas Field, Nile Delta, Egypt. Different sites within stream-mouth bar genetic deltaic units were investigated. Geophysical log data of electrical resistivity, Neutron, Density, NMR and spectral gamma ray are combined with core-derived physical properties of porosity, permeability, electrical resistivity, MICP and bulk density. Coreand log physical property data are used to define NMR-T2 conversion by empirical modeling, which is then used to interpret the permeability data in noncored wells. The mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) measurements for some selected samples have been used to evaluate both reservoir micro and macro porosity cut off values. Three reservoir flow units which have been detected based on the integration of pore throat radius (r35) and NMR T2-cutoff are related to only two superimposed stream-mouth bar genetic deltaic units having been penetrated in Baltim North-5st well. It is of highly beneficial for permeability prediction in other un-cored drilled wells in the Baltim gas field. The intercorrelation among core-derived physical properties and borehole log data gives an opportunity to determining the permeability profile side by side with Swi for each detected rock flow unit in un-cored well. It has been done through the calculated regression line models, connected to different flow units, in the studied cored wells. Verification of permeability prediction obtained models has been approved through the correlation between the predicted permeability and the permeability derived from normalized NMR -T2 cutoff (150μm). It shows a robust and reliable coefficient of correlation (R= 0.91). The predicted and calculated permeabilities showed a close matching with each other. The lake of the associated water production confirms that most of the calculated water saturation was mainly irreducible. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 20-06-2020 Date of Acceptance: 07-07-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Background: Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is a disorder that manifests clinically as recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and/or foetal loss. Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (CAPS) is a very severe variant of the classic APS. It is characterized by clinical evidence of multiple organ involvement developing over a very short period of time, histopathological evidence of multiple small vessel occlusions and laboratory confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, usually in high titre. Although patients with catastrophic APS represent less than 1% of all patients with APS, this is usually a life-threatening condition. The majority of patients with catastrophic APS end up in intensive care units with multiorgan failure. Making the diagnosis is challenging and can be missed. Unless the condition is considered in the differential diagnosis by attending physicians, it may be completely missed, resulting in a disastrous outcome. Catastrophic APS develops rapidly and can result in death of up to 30-50% of cases. Case presentation: A nineteen year old nulliparous lady diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) four months prior to admission with no prior history of thrombo-embolic events presented at the accident and emergency department with one day history of fevers and convulsions. This was associated with history of progressively worsening memory loss and confusion associated with incoordination of hands. She also reported to have had a productive cough of 3 months which was episodic. The patient was admitted and developed multiple organ failure from lungs, heart and the kidney during treatment in hospital attributed to this disease. She succumbed during treatment. Keywords: Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Arterial and Venous Thrombosis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management


Power grids are potentially vulnerable to cascading outages. Predicting cascading outages is difficult. It helps to quantify a measure that relates to the vulnerability of the power grid to cascading outages. A probabilistic measure is proposed in this paper, based on two different approaches. The first approach is to identify cut-sets in the transmission network which may have all transmission lines within its set to be tripped open, in a cascade. Using the actual flows across the cut-set, a probability of the cascading outages can be computed. A second approach is to perform a series of line outage simulations to uncover potential modes of cascades. By identifying these modes, and by relating the flow conditions over the transmission lines involved, a probability of cascading can also be estimated. Together, these two methods show promise for quantifying the vulnerability of a power grid to cascading outages. By computing these indices over time, in parallel with actual power system operation, this type of quantitative measures could be an effective way to alert grid operators. east-west direction to test for vulnerabilities that restrict further east-west power transfers. This analogy shows that in order to identify potential tearing along the north-south orientation of the fabric, a stretching in the east-west direction will enable the critical interfaces to be more visible. Further extending the analogy, a particular portion of the fabric can be examined from a different perspective but in a similar manner to determine a particular area of the power systems' exposure to its vulnerability of exceeding its import or export limits due to transmission limitations, e.g., for a generation pocket or a load pocket. The analogy of stressing the fabric would be grabbing hold of some part of the fabric and pulling on it while the perimeter of the fabric is being held steady. This would identify a weak ring around the area being held and pulled. Why the fabric analogy is useful is that when it is being pulled and stressed, additional scissor cuts along a critical interface may suddenly cause the stress to propagate along the critical interface, tearing the strands of fabric in between the existing cuts, and causing the piece of fabric to break into two pieces. That phenomenon is a cascading event similar to a transmission grid experiencing cascading line outages along a critical interface. The benefit of using this analogy is to show that most nonlinear complex networks behave similarly under stress beyond a critical point. Therefore, it may be possible to use a relative simple model to identify potential cascading modes of a power grid.


In this paper, the backhauling topology of an integrated and backhaul (IAB) network is designed to sustain bursty traffic with the highest probability. To ensure sequential DU-MT or MT-DU transmissions, the topology is characterized by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). First, the Bayes' theorem is used to transform the probability of sustaining the UE traffic into the probability of generating a DAG, and then the transformed problem is decomposed into two subproblems: 1) The link traffic load is determined under the condition that a DAG is formed; 2) Based on the link traffic load, the links that are critical for sustaining the UE traffic are identified, and then a new DAG is generated by maximizing the joint probability of links in the new DAG. Given random initial DAG, the two subproblems are iteratively solved until obtaining a final DAG. Theoretical analysis validates that the above iterative procedures converge to a single DAG, and simulations confirm that the convergence can be achieved within tens of iterations. Simulation results also show that the backhauling approach developed in this paper can support 56.41% higher traffic variations and achieve a 29.32% lower average hop-count than the existing topology generation schemes.


Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the multilingual practices in Nigerian army barracks with a view to showing the sociolinguistic profile of the Nigerian army barracks, establishing the patterns of language use of the Nigerian army and demonstrating how they make use of language choice in different domains to express multiple identities. Data were collected from 46 military men comprising soldiers and officers in four army barracks through face-to-face interviews, observation and questionnaire. The study revealed that army barracks are profoundly multilingual settings in which soldiers and officers had at least a minimum of three languages in their repertoire. It was also found out that most of the soldiers and officers are receptive multilinguals as the majority of them can speak English, Nigerian Pidgin English, their own native language but also understand the indigenous languages of other soldiers and officers. Furthermore, it was shown that the army engaged in functional differentiation of the languages in their repertoire as each of the languages they had competence in was being used in a specific domain. Finally, the study showed that our participants expressed their occupational, ethnic and religious identities through language choice.


Excerpt: Ernst von Glasersfeld has succeeded in finding a viable fit between the man and the scientist and in embodying a Haltung (attitude) that represents constructivism. He was prepared to get …


Ultrasonic velocities in dilute solutions of water in n-alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol), and 2-alkoxyethanols (2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol) have been determined at 298.15 Kusing single crystal variable path interferometer working at 3 MHz. The excess ultrasonic velocities have been evaluated using the formula, which is thermodynamically valid. A distinctive non-linear variation of ultrasonic velocity with concentration of water in both n-alcohols and 2-alkoxyethanols has been observed over a small range of concentration. A similar behaviour is also observed in the concentration dependence of excess ultrasonic velocity in these solutions. This behaviour has been explained by considering the existence of water molecules as monomers up to certain optimum concentration, (X 2 ) o p t , of water and the non-linear behaviour observed beyond (X 2 ) o p t has been explained in the light of water-water and water-alcohol interactions leading to the formation of islands of water-alcohol extended structures.


This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN Plan Nacional (Grant No. FIS2009-13430-C02-02) and by the Comunidad de Madrid Microseres-CM (Grant No. S2009/TIC-1476)


In this study, a novel system, delivering synthetic speech with the quality near to natural, is designed and implemented by reconstructing dysphonic speech of patients that have lost their voice totally due to apoplectic chordae vocalis, organic lesions of vocal cords or partial laryngectomy.


In the big data era, large volumes of social media data are generated at a high velocity, which we refer to as social big data. It is beyond the ability of traditional methods and algorithms to manage the massive amount of data in a tolerable elapsed time. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the established big data techniques and new achievements on social big data management. The study also highlights a list of state-of-the-art applications based on data gathered from social networking platforms. At the end, we identify the key issues and challenges related to social big data analytics.


The distribution of neutron flux inside the proton beam duct and escaping from its entrance or other outside surfaces of ADS (Accelerator Driven System), which is the nuclear system of new generation, was calculated with Monte Carlo method. Some useful conclusion for the design of ADS had been obtained.


The tumor control effects of total body irradiation (TBI) for tumor bearing mice and human tumor were investigated fundamentally and clinically. TBI is usually used in tissue transplantation experiment in order to prevent rejective response for transplanted tissues by immunological reaction. This kind of suppressive effect of immunological response by TBI is considered as to be caused even if very small dose of TBI. However, there are only a few data concerning the effect of low dose of TBI, and TBI of low dose level is concluded to bring about the same effect as in high dose level by back extrapolation from the data of high dose level. In present paper, firstly the effects of TBI for tumor control in murine squamous carcinoma are reported, and secondly the results of clinical trial in malignant lymphoma are demonstrated. In fundamental studies, TBI of low doses (10-15 cGy) suggests potentiating effect in cell killing in combination of TBI of 10 cGy and local irradiation given at 12 hours after TBI, though TBI of 10 cGy is not able to detect any cell killing effect. TBI of 10 cGy or 15 cGy also stands for suppressive effect of distant metastasis (lung metastasis). In clinical studies, malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgikin's lymphoma) is selected as the first disease of clinical trial, and the results is seemed to be prospective method to overcome cancers with radiotherapy, though the trial is not phase III clinical trial.


The numerical integration of Foucault test data is simplified when readings are taken for the centers of contiguous zones of equal area. Height errors from the reference surface are shown to be proportional to the simple sump of knife-edge shifts from nominal settings. Change of reference curvature for minimum zonal error is effected by changing each shift by the same amount. Errors are exact to third-order for conic surfaces. The method is especially helpful when many tests must be made in the figuring process. Formulas are derived and an example is given, using both arithmetical and graphical error adjustment.


The present invention relates to a rigid arch girder and construction method of a flexible, steel girder, steel box arch and flexible boom at the factory into a single member, the segments produced; symmetrical cantilever erection method first complete the installation of rigid steel truss girder ; then mounting arch, the upper deck crane line down, rib into two half-arches, the upper deck is welded, using a vertical rotation joint between the rib and the steel girder, temporary tower sling, temporary cable and other ancillary facilities will turn arch erected in place and implemented across the arch closure. After the steel girder and Rib are installed, and then mounted on the upper deck and a flexible sling tension, to complete the installation of the main structure. Rib construction method of the present invention, after the first steel truss girder, reducing the difficulty of construction of the arch reduces the lifting height of the crane, greatly shorten the construction period, reducing the project cost and improve economic efficiency, improved long-span arch bridge construction process integrity and stability of the structure, reducing the risk of construction.


We aimed to assess carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) prevalence in transthyretin (TTR)‐related and light‐chain amyloidosis (AL), comparing it to the general population, adjusted for age and gender. In TTR‐related amyloidosis (ATTR) we investigated (i) CTS prevalence in relation to genotype, cardiac amyloidosis (CA), age and gender; (ii) CTS role as an incremental risk factor for CA; (iii) temporal relationship between CTS and CA; and (iv) CTS prognostic role.


The utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in the whole life of plant is only 10%—25%.By analyzing the research progress in the literatures,it indicates that the phosphorus is easily fixed in soils,including adsorption fixation and chemical reaction fixation.The amount of phosphorus fixed is determined by the content of calcium carbonate,iron oxide,aluminum oxide,clay and the initial concentration of phosphorus in soils.Most of phosphorus is fixed in adsorption fixation in early period,which lasts several hours to tens of hours.In later period,chemical reaction fixation occurs mainly and lasts a few months to a few years,which results in phosphorus unavailable to plants.The dynamics of the entire fixation period can be described by Elovich equation.For reducing the amount of phosphorus fixed,an efficient way is to reduce the concentration of phosphorus in soils.By using the fixation data from the red soil in Shenxian(in Zhejiang province,China),together with the research data on the phosphorus uptake of cole,the release,the fixation and the plants uptake of phosphorus are quantitatively analyzed.The calculation result based on the established mathematical model indicates that the consumption amount of fertilizer can be greatly reduced and utilization efficiency can be increased by fertilizing the mixed DAP and controlled released DAP,compared with that by fertilizing DAP only.


Radar research using transmitters of opportunity (commensal radar (CR)) has experienced a resurgence in popularity, focused mainly on target detection and less so on target classification. This reported work has demonstrated that CR can be used to estimate the rotation rate of an aircraft propeller accurately over a wide range of frontal aspect angles. The propeller induces polarisation modulation, which results in amplitude modulation of the signal received by the passive radar receiver. This effect is derived mathematically and verified with a detailed electromagnetic simulation of the aircraft's propeller. Lastly, these findings were validated with field measurements of a Cessna 172 aircraft.


Change-point detection has a long history of research in statistical signal processing and remains a fundamental problem in many real-world applications involving information extraction from streaming data. Exploiting low-dimensional structures (subspace in particular) of high-dimensional signals is another research topic of significance, as it improves not only efficiency in computation, storage, and communication, but also interpretability and understanding of data. In this paper, we formulate the problem of subspace change-point detection, where a stream of high-dimensional data points lie on a low-dimensional subspace that abruptly changes at a certain time instant. Then, we propose a cumulative-sum-based algorithm for the task of detection in this problem setup. From the algorithmic perspective, the proposed method is computationally efficient, as it proceeds in an online and recursive manner, and each iteration involves simple matrix computation; it is also practical and flexible, as it works under mild conditions on the distribution of data points after change point. From the theoretical perspective, we derive rigorous performance bounds of the proposed algorithm in terms of false alarm rate and detection delay. We also conduct extensive numerical experiments on both synthetic and real-world data to validate effectiveness of our algorithm and correctness of theoretical analysis.


This is an extremely rare genetic disease. It is linked to mutations of the TF gene that encodes for transferrin, the plasma protein that transports iron. Most cases of atransferrinemia are indeed a hypotransferrinemia, since the full absence of transferrin is likely incompatible with life. Atransferrinemia has been reported in few families worldwide. It is estimated that the prevalence of this diseases is <1 / 1 000 000.


Abstract A multi‐channel system was developed for simultaneous monitoring of multiple environmental factors and electrical signals in greenhouse grown cucumber plants. Using this system, electrical signals in response to water stress were recorded in the laboratory and in the greenhouse. Application to the roots of a 30% polyethylene glycol 6000 solution (‐0.84 MPa water potential) caused a significant decrease in the amplitude of an electrical signal induced by a dark/light change. The amplitude of the mean value of the signal in the transition from dark to light (40–50 min at dawn) was used to reflect the status of the plant under water stress, at which time the soil water content was reduced to 27%. The system was able to provide a long‐term stable tool to measure and analyse changes in electrical signals in plants in response to environmental changes.


Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) enables fine-grained access control to the encrypted data for commercial applications. There has been significant progress in CP-ABE over the recent years because of two properties called traceability and large universe, greatly enriching the commercial applications of CP-ABE. Traceability is the ability of ABE to trace the malicious users or traitors who intentionally leak the partial or modified decryption keys for profits. Nevertheless, due to the nature of CP-ABE, it is difficult to identify the original key owner from an exposed key since the decryption privilege is shared by multiple users who have the same attributes. On the other hand, the property of large universe in ABE enlarges the practical applications by supporting flexible number of attributes. Several systems have been proposed to obtain either of the above properties. However, none of them achieve the two properties simultaneously in practice, which limits the commercial applications of CP-ABE to a certain extent. In this paper, we propose two practical large universe CP-ABE systems supporting white-box traceability. Compared with existing systems, both the two proposed systems have two advantages: 1) the number of attributes is not polynomially bounded and 2) malicious users who leak their decryption keys could be traced. Moreover, another remarkable advantage of the second proposed system is that the storage overhead for traitor tracing is constant, which are suitable for commercial applications.


Recurring digital fibrous tumors of childhood are unusual inclusion-bearing fibrous tumors typically located on the fingers and toes of young children. We report here a histologically similar tumor located on the arm of a 44-year-old man.


A method of representing fuzzy knowledge using associative memories, the Fuzzy Associative Inference System (FAIS), is proposed. FAIS integrates representation of uncertain knowledge in fuzzy knowledge and associative memories' abilities of inference and learning, making it possible to manage representation, manipulation, and refinement of knowledge throughout. Knowledge representation in FAIS is discussed, and characteristic features, multidirectional inference and fuzzy entropy control, are shown with simulation results.<<ETX>>


Little is known about the association between spicy food intake, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) score, and incident stroke. This study aimed to explore the association of eating spicy food, DASH score, and their interaction with stroke incidence. We included 22,160 Han residents aged 30–79 in southwest China from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Three hundred and twelve cases were newly diagnosed with stroke by October 8, 2022, during a mean of 45.5 months of follow-up. Cox regression analyses showed that eating spicy food reduced stroke risk by 34% among people with low DASH scores (HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.45–0.97), while individuals with high DASH scores versus low DASH scores had a 46% lower stroke incidence among spicy food nonconsumers (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.36–0.82). The HR of the multiplicative interactive term was 2.02 (95%CI 1.24–3.30) and the overall estimates of relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S) were 0.54 (95%CI 0.24–0.83), 0.68 (95%CI 0.23–1.14), and 0.29 (95%CI 0.12–0.70), respectively. Consuming spicy food seems to be associated with lower stroke risk only in people who have a lower DASH score, while the beneficial effect of higher DASH scores seems to be found only among nonconsumers of spicy food, and a negative interaction may exist between them in southwestern Chinese aged 30–79. This study could provide scientific evidence for dietary guidance to reduce stroke risk.


. To avoid misleading discrepancies between results of different dark matter search experiments as well as between the data and SUSY calculations it is in general preferable to use a mixed spin-scalar coupling approach in which spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon couplings are both non-zero. On the other hand one may, however, to safely neglect the subdominant spin WIMP-nucleon contribution in comparison with the spin-independent one in analysis of data from experiments with heavy enough non-zero-spin target nuclei. The mixed coupling approach is applied to estimate future prospects of experiments with the odd-neutron high-spin isotope 73 Ge.


Polysilicate aluminum (PSAA) was prepared from fly ash,and used as defluorider and coagulant in the treatment of waste water containing fluoride from power plant by chemical deposition,camplexation,agglomeration and flucculation.The results show that the treatment technology is simple and economical and practical for the purpose of full utilization of waste resources in power plants.


AbstractPrevious studies have shown that urinary calculi are associated with increased risks of urinary tract cancers. However, the association between urinary calculi and overall cancers is a largely undefined body of knowledge.We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 and 2009. Patients were excluded if they had antecedent cancers or urinary calculi before the enrollment. All study subjects were followed until the occurrence of cancer, dropout from the NHI program, death, or the end of 2010. Patterns of cancer incidence in patients with urinary calculi were compared with those of the general population using standardized incidence ratio (SIR).A total of 43,516 patients with urinary calculi were included. After a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 1891 patients developed cancer. The risk of overall cancers was significantly increased (SIR, 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68–1.83). We observed that urinary calculi was associated with higher risk of cancers of kidney (4.24; 95% CI, 3.47–5.13), bladder (3.30; 95% CI, 2.69–4.00), thyroid (2.50; 95% CI, 1.78–3.40), hematologic origin (2.41; 95% CI, 1.92–2.99), breast (1.84; 95% CI, 1.54–2.20), lung (1.82; 95% CI, 1.59–2.07), digestive tract (1.69; 95% CI, 1.57–1.82), and head and neck (1.54; 95% CI, 1.32–1.79), respectively.Our study shows that urinary calculi are associated with higher risk of systemic cancers in addition to urinary tract cancers. Further study is required to validate this association.


The exfoliative cytology of the lung was studied during the induction and early development of respiratory tract tumors. Syrian golden hamsters received multiple intratracheal injections of benzo( a )pyrene-Fe2O3 for 14 weeks at a cumulative dose of 45 mg benzo( a )pyrene. Shortly after start of the experiment a severe, probably toxic, cytological response to the carcinogen application was observed; this response rapidly diminished during further injections and disappeared after cessation of carcinogen administration.

The average time interval from start of carcinogen application to death was 35.5 weeks. During this time specimens revealed a progression from mild atypia of squamous metaplastic cells, to moderate atypia, to marked atypia, to changes indicative of cancer. These carcinogen-induced progressive cytological changes showed striking morphological similarities to cytological changes described in cigarette smokers prior to the development of lung cancer. By the 25th week of the experiment, specimens of all carcinogen-treated animals had cells suggestive or conclusive of cancer. In animals that died after the 35th week, the diagnosis of cancer had been made at an average time of 19 weeks before death, while in animals that died between the 18th and 35th week of the experiment the diagnosis had not been made earlier than 9 weeks before death.

Sensitivity and specificity of the cytological method for diagnosing cancer were very high, since no false negative diagnoses were made in tumor-bearing animals nor were false positive diagnoses made in control animals that received Fe2O3 alone or in carcinogen-treated animals that did not develop tumors. Cytological typing of malignant tumors was efficient for histologically well-differentiated tumor types.


A new engineering method on the coastal protection, "Artificial Marine Forest (AMF)" proposed by Liang et al. (2004) is composed by lots of tautly-moored floating structures (TMFS). The concept of this method is to establish a buffer zone between the shoreline and the sea area by building a dense forest to reduce the wave energy and protect the coast. When deploying a larger number of cylindrical floating bodies in the offshore region, the scene is similar to a marine forest.


Purpose

An update for firms located outside the European Union of the possible extra-territorial impact of certain provisions in the recast Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (together referred to as "MiFID2").

Design/methodology/approach

The focus is on the issues that are most likely to have an impact on non-EU firms, including buy/sell side financial institutions and private banks.

Findings

That the impact of MiFID2 will be felt far beyond the EU, particularly in relation to product governance, inducements and dealing commission, trading obligations, position limits for commodity derivatives and the new regime for accessing EU markets.

Practical implications

Non-EU firms need to assess their interaction with EU clients, counterparties and markets to identify the likely impact of MiFID2. Relevant interaction could include: manufacturing and distribution of financial instruments; the provision of investment research and dealing services to EU clients and trading in instruments which are admitted to trading on EU markets.

Originality/value

This article will be of interest to "third-country" firms, located outside the EU, but with a European connection, either in terms of European counterparties, investors or accessing European markets.


We study the global existence in time and we obtained the classical one with Friedrich's mollifier like the elliptic operator in Holder space.


From farm to monastery to orphanage. The use plants on the grounds of the Roode Weeshuisstraat, Groningen. This paper focuses on the analysis of plant remains that were recovered from the archaeological excavations at the Roode Weeshuisstraat, in the city of Groningen (province of Groningen), which took place in 1990 and 1991. The excavation results revealed three different phases of occupation: early medieval farms, a late medieval monastery and an early-modern orphanage. Botanical samples were taken from different contexts belonging to these different phases in order to examine the diet of the different types of inhabitants (farmers, nuns and orphans).


The following report contains the results of 2D numerical simulations intended to reproduce the rain induced seepage process which triggered the Nocera landslide of March 4, 2005. Particular attention has been dedicated to focus on the effects of rainfall on pore water pressure distribution and flow rate over the slope domain and on the slope stability progress over time.


A 'roadmap' for the future of UK flood hydrology over the next 25 years has been published, based on a wide-ranging and inclusive co-creation process involving more than 270 individuals and 50 organisations from different sectors and disciplines. This paper highlights key features of the roadmap and its development as a community-owned initiative. The roadmap's relationship with hydrological research and practice is discussed, as is its context within the wider flood risk management innovation landscape, including funding. While the paper has a focus on UK flood hydrology, reflecting the scope of the roadmap, it is also considered in the context of advances in hydrology internationally.


An Overview of How Livelihoods is Changing in Rural Bangladesh Kazi Ali Toufique and Cate Turton The Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) is a multi-disciplinary organisation which conducts policy-oriented research on development issues mainly in the context of Bangladesh. The Department for International Development (DFID) is the British government department responsible for promoting development and the reduction of poverty. The government, first elected in May 1997, increased its commitment to development by strengthening the department and increasing its budget. © Kazi Ali Toufique, Research Fellow, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Cate Turton, Senior Consultant, the IDL group, PO Box 20, Crewkerne, Somerset, UK. This publication was funded by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development. However, the Department can accept no responsibility for the information provided herein. Cover photograph: Gabriele Beatrice Toufique Editing: Omar Sattaur


In the current work, we studied the effect of multiphasic dielectric material on coplanar dielectric barrier discharge. To enhance the application potential of standard alumina ( Al2O3 ) ceramic barriers, composite materials composed of immiscible Al2O3 and Mg-spinel ( MgAl2O4 ) phases were prepared and investigated. The effect on coplanar dielectric barrier discharge was studied in a broad concentration profile of the composite materials ranging from 0 to 100 vol.% MgAl2O4 in an alumina matrix. The study was mainly focused on the determination of ignition voltage as a crucial parameter for industrial applications. The minimum ignition voltage was found in the ceramic composite with 15 vol.% MgAl2O4 . We also noticed differences in plasma filament localization on the ceramic surfaces of different composites. This work also brings comprehensive investigation of the electrical and microstructural properties of this biphasic barrier material. Detailed investigation revealed that the ignition voltage was a nontrivial combination of both bulk (phase and chemical compositions) as well as surface (phase distribution, grain size, surface roughness) properties of the barrier materials.


The location of tropical cyclone is always an important and difficult problem. Satellite digital photograph makes it possible to implement image process technology in this field. Using image process technology, it is possible to apply new method based on the feature of digital picture which was useless in human based center location method. In this paper, we advance a new system to locate the typhoon center based on the satellite photograph. After pre-processing, we put forward several center location technologies based on tropical cyclone's structure, the whirl and the whole movement. According to the tropical cyclone's symmetry shape and its spire movement feature, we use some logarithmic helix to fit part of the cyclone feature cloud and the center of the helix is the center of the cyclone; according to its movement feature, we advance a rotation matching method, the rotation center point is the typhoon center. The system is now in tryout in Shanghai Weather Broadcast Central. Practices show the system is effective and the error is quite acceptable.


Mental set appears to be the most critical aspect of effective classroom management. The concept of mental set in the classroom is very similar to the construct of mindfulness popularized by the psychologist Ellen Langer (1989). She described the construct as involving a heightened sense of situational variables and a conscious control over one's thoughts and behaviors relative to a given situation. It is an awareness that is difficult to develop and maintain, because our brains are not naturally inclined to pay attention and automatically operate relative to all relevant stimuli. This is most obvious with very routine tasks. The mental set necessary for effective classroom management requires teachers to develop a mindful stance relative to their withitness and emotional objectivity. Withitness (Kounin, 1970) is about knowing what is going on in all parts of the room— with great accuracy and timeliness. Emotional objectivity refers to the ability of the teacher to be persistent with all the elements of effective management by not interpreting violations of rules and procedures, negative reactions to disciplinary interventions, and rebuffs to the teacher's attempts to build caring relationships as personal attacks. Emotional objectivity is about remaining calm, emotionally detached, and businesslike in the face of disciplinary issues. It is not about emotional aloofness, but it is about maintaining a certain psychological distance. It is about carrying out the various elements of classroom management without becoming emotionally involved regarding the outcomes. High-arousal emotional states do not provide a good basis on which to implement rules, follow-through with disciplinary interventions, or build relationships.


Geospatial technology is a rapidly growing and changing field. The term geospatial technology (GST) refers to geographical information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), and remote sensing (RS), all emerging technologies that assist the user in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of spatial data. The speed at which new fields are adopting GST, along with the speed at which equipment and software are being modified and updated, precludes many industries, much less the educational system, from keeping up to date. The issue is further complicated at the community college level because national coordination of workforce information and educational resources within the community college network is fairly poor. Developing a Plan for the National Coordination of Geospatial Technology Education: A Community College Perspective was an effort to document the needs and concerns of community college educators and to use this information to produce recommendations for the development and operation of a National Geospatial Technology Center (NGTC). The following ten issues were identified by community college educators as critical to GST education: 1) workforce needs; 2) core competencies; 3) professional certification; 4) curriculum development; 5) educational pathways; 6) professional development; 7) communication; 8) awareness and reaching underserved audiences; 9) the role of GST education in supporting college administrative tasks and entrepreneurialism; and 10) future trends in GST. From the recommendations put forth in this study, it is clear that community college educators want a NGTC that will: represent their interests in national education and workforce initiatives, act as a clearinghouse to provide easy access to existing curricula and workforce information, and provide access to professional development opportunities, among other activities described in this report. Additionally, it is imperative that a NGTC works with existing competency-related efforts (University Consortium for Geographic Information Science's (UCGIS) Body of Knowledge; GeoSpatial Workforce Development Center's (GeoWDC) Geospatial Technologies Competency Model; Geospatial Information and Technology Association (GITA) / Association of American Geographers (AAG) study, Defining and Communicating Geospatial Industry Workforce Demand, Phase I report recommendations, and existing DACUMs) to bring them closer together so that core competencies, and in turn a core curriculum, that supports many entry-level positions, can be established and agreed upon by a wide range of stakeholders. The consequences of not coming to an agreement will certainly contribute to greater gaps between what the workforce needs and what the educational system is producing. 1 Core competencies define the knowledge and skills required to carry out specific tasks that are common to a particular profession or occupation. Core competencies are critical links between the workplace and the classroom, since they connect job requirements to educational subject areas. 2 DACUM is an acronym for developing a curriculum. It is a one or two day storyboarding process that provides a picture of what the worker does in terms of duties, tasks, knowledge, skills, traits and in some cases the tools the worker uses (DACUM, 2005)


A new stilbene dimer, andalasin B, was isolated from the root trunk of Morus macroura Miq., together with three known compounds, andalasin A, lunularin, oxyresveratrol, and β-resorcylaldehyde.


The study analyzed the nature and essence of sexuality as a guarantee of relations between people, providing for the consistent solution of the following tasks: a) to show that it is in the context of this phenomenon that one should look for the focus of a person's self, its uniqueness; b) determine that the realization of sexuality causes actualization of self-attitude, the result of which is the significant psychophysiological and philosophical changes in the personality.
The realization of sexuality at the first stage of the awareness of the inseparability of love causes oppression of individuality, dissolution of consciousness, a complete subordination of the subject to his feeling and involves a study of the type of "bodily disease", which progresses and requires treatment. However, the desire for survival introduces the process of "self-medication", when the subject of unrequited love, under the influence of "self-care", namely about his own body, revives his individuality, but at a higher level.


About 627 elderly people were chosen by random and surveyed by the elderly psychological stress scale established by the author.The article analyzed psychological stress of elderly people including healthy stress、economic stress、family relationship stress and social stress.Suggestions are provided for strengthening the social security system by the state,holding mental health education by the community,and maintaining a positive attitude by the elderly themselves.


This article outlines a project (School of Education, University of Birmingham) which aims to develop a new comprehensive test of children's braille-reading skills. The Project Management Group has decided to adapt the new print Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (1989) for braille users. This diagnostic test of prose-reading ability yields measures of reading speed, accuracy and comprehension. When adapting narratives for use by braillists, several key areas require careful consideration including assessing comparative difficulties, capitalization and the replacement of pictures. These areas are addressed, as well as other matters concerned with the standardization sample and the rationale behind the decision to opt for the Neale test.


Woodpecker . By Gerard Gorman, 2017. University of Chicago Press. (ISBN 978-1-78023-829-6). Soft Cover. $19.95.

Sometimes, when people are outdoors, they hear the rapid-fire tapping of a woodpecker on a nearby tree. Woodpeckers actually communicate by drumming their bills on trees. Of course, they are also using this process to make a hole in the tree.

There are several kinds of woodpeckers, most of them stocky, short-legged birds with strong tails and dagger-like bills. In appearance, many are rather plain, whereas others display a variety of colors, some almost gaudy. Woodpeckers are diurnal, and though a few are migratory, most are sedentary, living the majority of their lives in one place. Most species are monogamous, but a few live communally.

Woodpeckers are found in many environments all over the world, their greatest diversity being in South America. They are also found in many emblems and …


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This study presents a case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis affecting the terminal ileum in a 25-year old male patient, discovered accidentally during laparotomy for acute abdomen which was proved to be due to perforated duodenal ulcer, Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is characterized by the presence of subserosal or submucosal gas filled cysts in the wall of gastrointestinal tract, this condition is rarely seen in the surgical practice.


It provides improved sst- receptor-binding peptide ligands for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. Improved ligand, N- terminus or C- terminus or natural or unnatural amino acid or peptide-like structure on both ends, contain carbohydrate units and chelating agents or prosthetic groups, radioisotopes that bind or retain the radioisotope providing complex formation in the body. The sst- or SSTR- receptor binding peptide ligands, optionally contain one or more multifunctional linker units coupled bind to peptides, and / or sugar moieties and / or chelating agents and / or prosthetic groups it may be. By administering the ligand to the mammal via the blood system, availability of ligands over the non-sugar structure forming ligands, clearance kinetics, Sst- receptor targeting and internalization obtained.


Quantum reactive scattering calculations of the vibrational quenching of HD due to H collisions are carried out employing an accurate potential energy surface. The state-to-state cross sections for collision energies between 1 cm-1 and 10,000 cm-1 of the HD (v = 1, j = 0) + H → D + H2 (v' = 0, j') chemical reaction are presented and a Feshbach resonance in the low-energy regime, below the reaction barrier, is observed for the first time. The resonance is attributed to coupling with the vibrationally adiabatic potential correlating to the v = 1, j = 1 level of the HD molecule and it is dominated by contribution from a single partial wave. The properties of the resonance, such as its dynamic behavior, phase behavior, and lifetime, are discussed.


Background— The efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for coronary collateral growth promotion and thus impending myocardial salvage has not been studied so far, to our best knowledge. Methods and Results— In 52 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease, age 62±11 years, the effect on a marker of myocardial infarct size (ECG ST segment elevation) and on quantitative collateral function during a 1-minute coronary balloon occlusion was tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind fashion. The study protocol before coronary intervention consisted of occlusive surface and intracoronary lead ECG recording as well as collateral flow index (CFI, no unit) measurement in a stenotic and a ≥1 normal coronary artery before and after a 2-week period with subcutaneous G-CSF (10 &mgr;g/kg; n=26) or placebo (n=26). The CFI was determined by simultaneous measurement of mean aortic, distal coronary occlusive, and central venous pressure. The ECG ST segment elevation >0.1 mV disappeared significantly more often in response to G-CSF (11/53 vessels; 21%) than to placebo (0/55 vessels; P=0.0005), and simultaneously, CFI changed from 0.121±0.087 at baseline to 0.166±0.086 at follow-up in the G-CSF group, and from 0.152±0.082 to 0.131±0.071 in the placebo group (P<0.0001 for interaction of treatment and time). The absolute change in CFI from baseline to follow-up amounted to +0.049±0.062 in the G-CSF group and to −0.010±0.060 in the placebo group (P<0.0001). Conclusions— Subcutaneous G-CSF is efficacious during a short-term protocol in improving signs of myocardial salvage by coronary collateral growth promotion.


carried targets. instance, in a typical pharmacognostic studies of natural products, a whole lot of scientific data obtained of ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study sought to establish quality control parameters of a locally and ubiquitously occurring medicinal plant, Lophira lanceolata which is utilized as folk medicine among the local communities in Northern Nigeria as well as other regions, due to its therapeutic indication mainly as an aphrodisiac, among other uses. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostically, different types of evaluations were carried out that focuses on organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, chemical evaluations as well as heavy metal assessments using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: Organoleptic and macroscopic studies revealed some features of the leaves as green and oblanceolate, pinnate venation, with an average leaf size length and width of 14-15 and 4-5 cm respectively. The root has a light pale-brown outer surface and a reddish-brown inner surface. The outer surface was soft and dry while the inner surface was moist and smooth. Leaf microscopy indicated the presence of anisocytic or cruciferous type of stomata while both the rootbark and leaves are not devoid of common ergastic cell contents of calcium oxalate, lignin, starch, protein and tannin. Phytochemical evaluations revealed abundance of phytoconstituent that are richly phenolic of the types of saponin, tannin, triterpenoid, flavonoid, glycosides, diterpenoids, alkaloid, steroid, anthraquinones and phenols etc. Physicochemical evaluations showed a good source of mineral content of carbohydrate (35.93 ± 1.9199 for leaves and 33.58 ± 1.6791 for rootbark), Ash (9.33 ± 0.4714 for leaves and 7.17 ± 0.2358 for rootbark) in the plant. Heavy metal analysis of the leaves and rootbark investigated for Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Mercury showed that their concentrations were within the WHO (2002) permissible limits. Conclusion: This study provides the scientific data for the proper identification and establishment of standards for the use of the plant, Lophira lanceolata (False shea). This study revealed some pharmacognostic data of organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and chemical constituent analysis of Lophira lanceolata leaves and rootbark, which has gained a wide acceptance and folklore use among the local communities in Northern


Lodgepole and jack pines (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex. Loud. and Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), components of the North American boreal forest, have pioneering roles after major disturbances such as fire or glaciation. These species are closely related and hybridize in western Canada, but their fossil records and contemporary variation patterns suggest they had completely different late Quaternary histories. Several taxonomically recognized geographic races of lodgepole pine apparently survived the last glaciation without drastic modification, the northern races either persisting in far-northern refugia or migrating from the south. The uneven influence of jack pine on northern lodgepole populations implies repeated genetic contacts, but less marked introgression in the other direction could be of post-Pleistocene origin. Jack pine occupied its entire range after the last glacial maximum and lacks taxonomically recognized races. In the Great Lakes region, however, the presence of regionally distinct populations sugges...


The genus Tabuda is Holarctic in distribution, with 2 species occurring in North America and 4 species in central Russia. Tabudamima contains only a singles species confined to western North America. Cladistic analysis of 24 morphological characters supported the monophyly of Tabuda and the establishment of a new genus Incoxoverpa, with its single species confined to northcentral North America. The species are revised, a phylogeny is hypothesized, and keys to the genera and species are provided. Two species from central Russia, Tabuda lyneborgi Webb & Irwin and T. zaitzevi Webb & Irwin, are described as new to science.


Inorganic trace element iron, zinc can be enriched into organic forms by yeast Two strains which can enrich high content of iron and zinc simultaneously were selected from 22 strains of yeast by using culture enrichment technique. Iron and zinc contents in the two strains were about 6~8?mg/g and 4~5?mg/g, respectively Sulphate of Fe and Zn were ideal forms of the two elements with optimal concentration in the culture medium being 60~120 mg/kg


Humanity has often been taken by surprise by new strains of microorganisms that adversely affect human life expectancy The coronavirus outbreak is causing an unprecedented global health emergency and a global economic slowdown Epidemiologists are aware of various specimens of viruses like the ones that cause Malaria, for instance, and scientists have been able to meet such threats by introducing drugs that make them perish at a rapid pace so that the natural human resistance to meet such attacks become sufficient for the patients to return to normal health But viruses also try to survive by transmuting themselves into different strains that are capable of overcoming the existing antiviral drugs Probably, COVID-19 may be one such transmutation Hence the main objectives are to study how the COVID-19 virus affects the population and at what stage and time the epidemic will abate As primary data is challenging to get, we use ICMR and other Govt publications for the related information Simple demographic and statistical methods are used for the analysis At the early stages of the infection, we have no protocol on how to approach the virus But now the health department has the protocol and thus even though we have no medicine, we are able to increase the recovery rate and flatten the mortality Thus by following government and health workers' directions - Break the Chain movement - one can make sure that one is safe and also the people around him So governments need to take measures for testing as many people under observation as possible and assess their COVID-19 status at the earliest


A damage model was established by introducing an isotropic damage variable to the Anand's viscoplastic constitutive equation.The evolution equation for the damage was determined.This damage model was implemented into finite element software ABAQUS with the form of Fortran code through user subroutines interface UMAT.The model and user subroutine were verified by element level's numerical calculation.The results show that the features of viscoplastic material can be characterized by the damage model,and also the stiffness degradation caused by damage can be reflected.This damage model can be used for reliability evaluating of electronic packaging and its components.


LonWorks Field Bus has excellent features and is widely used in home automation products.A kind of LonWorks Field Bus is introduced and its application in home automation products is presented in this paper.


Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is an important characteristic of advanced wet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and leads to severe visual impairment among elderly patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin induces several biological effects related to antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐angiogenesis. However, the role of melatonin in CNV, and its underlying mechanisms, has not been investigated thus far. In this study, we found that melatonin administration significantly reduced the scale and volume of CNV lesions, suppressed vascular leakage, and inhibited the capacity of vascular proliferation in the laser‐induced mouse CNV model. Additionally, the results also show that the melatonin‐treated retinal microglia in the laser‐induced mice exhibited enhanced expression of M1‐type markers, such as iNOS, CCL‐3, CCL‐5, and TNF‐α, as well as decreased production of M2‐type markers, such as Arg‐1, Fizz‐1, IL‐10, YM‐1, and CD206, indicating that melatonin switched the macrophage/microglia polarization from pro‐angiogenic M2 phenotype to anti‐angiogenic M1 phenotype. Furthermore, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was activated during CNV formation, yet was suppressed after an intraperitoneal injection of melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin attenuated CNV, reduced vascular leakage, and inhibited vascular proliferation by switching the macrophage/microglia polarization from M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype via inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in CNV. This suggests that melatonin could be a novel agent for the treatment of AMD.


A series of cyclic poly(e-caprolactone)s (c-PCLs) with extremely high purity have been prepared and quantitatively investigated in terms of the impact of molecular topology on the nanoscale film morphological structure. Quantitative synchrotron grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering analysis found that c-PCLs, in comparison with their linear counterparts (l-PCLs), exclusively form a horizontal lamellar structure with a shorter long period, characterized by a thicker crystalline layer, thicker and denser interfacial layers and a thinner amorphous layer. Grazing incidence wide angle scattering analysis additionally confirmed higher crystallinities for c-PCLs, which were further supported by synchrotron X-ray reflectivity analysis. Overall, the quantitative structural analyses of this study provide for the first time comprehensive insights into cyclic topology effects on the nanoscale film morphology of biocompatible and environment-friendly PCL.


High secondary electron emission (SEE) from chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films (σ=14–48) has been reported previously. Effective negative electron affinity of the diamond surface due to hydrogen termination is believed to be responsible for these high yields. Typically the total secondary yield is unstable under continuous electron beam exposure due to desorption of the surface hydrogen but stable when exposed to electrons in a hydrogen environment. Recent observations of SEE from a CVD diamond film on Mo suggest that impurities on the diamond surface may lead to stable high secondary yields under continuous electron beam exposure without the use of hydrogen. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the diamond surface as well as the bulk.


A theoretical calculation on the fluorescence correlation function of the intensity of radiation from a fluorescence labelled-macromolecule in the solution which is illuminated by standing light waves is presented. The method proposed in this note implies some advantages of the faster and more accurate measurement of the translational diffusion coefficient of the macromolecule than that proposed first by Elson and Magde.


Lake Magadi, Kenya, is an alkaline, "saline pan" lake system, and approximately 100 sq km in size being geographically the southernmost lake within the Rift Valley of Kenya. Located approximately 80 miles southwest of Nairobi, the lake contains concentrated brines of sodium carbonate as well as large precipitates of the mineral trona, hydrated sodium bicarbonate carbonate (Na3HCO3CO3•2H2O). The lake water is primarily recharged by meteoric input as well as by a number of saline hot springs (up to 83°C) flowing into the lake's extremely alkaline system (pH values up to ~11). This creates a unique extreme environment, containing both thermal, highly saline, and extreme alkaline features all located in close proximity and overlapping to various degrees [1]. While some microbial diversity of this region has been characterized [2], many of the unique springs of the region have yet to be examined. Here we report the discovery of marine-related Crenarchaeota within a thermal feature and the initial phylogenetic placement of the archaeal monoammonium oxygenase (subunit amoA) from this location. Background: (2° 00′ 24.46′′ S, 36° 14′ 05.80′′ E) The hot spring complexes of the Magadi region contain a wide variety of niches based on initial observations, including phototrophic mats as well as filamentous structures. One complex located at southern tip of the lake contained a unique structural feature associated with a thin (>1cm on average) biofilm (Fig. 1) This biofilm was extensively co-located with a "terraced" erosional structure occurring within the surface of the evaporitic deposit from which the spring emerged, suggesting it potentially is involved in the formation of these structures. These features occurred both in the surrounding margins of the spring as well as within the spring as terraced mound-like features, with the spacing of the terraces appearing to correlate with the slope of the surface to which the biofilm is attached. These types of microbially associated structures have the potential to serve as biosignatures within the geological record both on Earth as well as Mars. Fig. 1 Terraced evaporite deposit associated with Microbial Biofilm Diversity Data: An initial survey of microbial diversity was conducted utilizing 16S rDNA amplicons obtained from bacterial (27F and 1525R, 342F and 1407R), archaeal (8F and 1041R), and nanoarchaeal (9F and 961R) universal primers, which were subsequently cloned and sequenced. 127 bacterial clones and 102 archaeal clones were analyzed utilizing an OTU definition of ≥ 97% identity. Initial analysis suggests that this biofilm is composed predominantly of phototrophic bacteria as well as a number of related archaeal species related to the marine Crenarchaeota. Among the bacterial OTUs obtained, two groups appear to dominate this system a number of closely related sequences of the alphaproteobacteria, closely related to the photosynthetic genus Rhodobacter, and a single OTU most closely related to to a Fusibacter sp. of the Firmicutes known for thiosulfate reduction. Rhodobacter sp. are known to possess an extensive range of metabolic capabilities, including photosynthesis, fermentation, aerobic respiration, lithotrophy to obtain reducing equivalents as well as nitrogen fixation [3]. Given the relative abundance of sulfate in this system, it can be envisioned that the sulfatereducing Fusibacter. sp. in combination with the photosynthetic alphaproteobacteria (utilizing sulfides produced through sulfate reduction) are potentially responsible for producing these biogenic erosional features [4]. Interestingly while Magadi is known for an abundance of halophilic Euryarchaeaota, the dominant Archaea from this site were most closely related to marine Crenarcheaota. Recently it was discovered that the Crenarcheota possess the capacity for aerobic ammonia oxidation and recent studies suggest they are the dominate nitrifying organisms on the planet (NH3 è NO2 /NO3). Monoammonium oxygense is composed of three subunits amoA, amoB. amoC. The amoA subunit has been utilized to phylogenetically classify the archaeal genes into two broad classes, one found predominately in marine environments and one found predominately in soils. In order to classily the amoA subunit from this unique location it was amplified via pcr (amoA_F and amoA_R), cloned, sequenced (96 isolates), and the peptide sequence were compared to representatives of the two broad classes of Archaeal enzymes. Conclusions: These initial results lend support to the concept that a largely microbial biofilm is involved in the production of these these unique terraced features within this hot spring and evaporative basin. It contains a number of both bacteria and archaea known to be chemolithotrophs. Interestingly the dominant archaeal lineages fall within the uncultured marine Crenarchaeota in a location meters from Lake Magadi, which is famous for halophilic Euryarchaeota. The springs at this site are known to be nomadic, with locations of flow migrating with time. This could possibly lead to preservation of these structures as biosignatures of an active chemolithotrophic ecosystem from a thermal feature being preserved in the geological record. Phylogenetic characterization of the amoA subunit of the Archaeal monoammonium oxidase from this site shows that it is most closely related to the marine subgroup, but forms a unique cluster. In addition these sequences contain seven amino acids that are unique to this location, which is the most alkaline environment site reported to date in terms of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) discovery. This could potentially provide structural and functional insight into this ubiquitous enzyme. Acknowledgements: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation. I would like to thank the Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, and Mack Ivey of the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Arkansas. References: [1] Eugster H.P. (1980) Hypersal. Brines and Evap. En(Elsevier)[2] Rees H.C. et al. (2004) Extremophiles, 8, 63–71. [3] Mackenzie C. et al.2007) Ann. Rev. Micro., 61, 283-307. [4] Ravot G. et al. (1999) Int. J. Sys. Bact.49, 1141-1147


Building a voice conversion (VC) system for a new target speaker typically requires a large amount of speech data from the target speaker. This paper investigates a method to build a VC system for arbitrary target speaker using one given utterance without any adaptation training process. Inspired by global style tokens (GSTs), which recently has been shown to be effective in controlling the style of synthetic speech, we propose the use of global speaker embeddings (GSEs) to control the conversion target of the VC system. Speaker-independent phonetic posteriorgrams (PPGs) are employed as the local condition input to a conditional WaveNet synthesizer for waveform generation of the target speaker. Meanwhile, spectrograms are extracted from the given utterance and fed into a reference encoder, the generated reference embedding is then employed as attention query to the GSEs to produce the speaker embedding, which is employed as the global condition input to the WaveNet synthesizer to control the generated waveform's speaker identity. In experiments, when compared with an adaptation training based any-to-any VC system, the proposed GSEs based VC approach performs equally well or better in both speech naturalness and speaker similarity, with apparently higher flexibility to the comparison.


We address the computational efficiency in solving the A-optimal Bayesian design of experiments problems for which the observational map is based on partial differential equations and, consequently, is computationally expensive to evaluate. A-optimality is a widely used and easy-to-interpret criterion for Bayesian experimental design. This criterion seeks the optimal experimental design by minimizing the expected conditional variance, which is also known as the expected posterior variance. This study presents a novel likelihood-free approach to the A-optimal experimental design that does not require sampling or integrating the Bayesian posterior distribution. The expected conditional variance is obtained via the variance of the conditional expectation using the law of total variance, and we take advantage of the orthogonal projection property to approximate the conditional expectation. We derive an asymptotic error estimation for the proposed estimator of the expected conditional variance and show that the intractability of the posterior distribution does not affect the performance of our approach. We use an artificial neural network (ANN) to approximate the nonlinear conditional expectation in the implementation of our method. We then extend our approach for dealing with the case that the domain of experimental design parameters is continuous by integrating the training process of the ANN into minimizing the expected conditional variance. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that our method greatly reduces the number of observation model evaluations compared with widely used importance sampling-based approaches. This reduction is crucial, considering the high computational cost of the observational models. Code is available at https://github.com/vinh-tr-hoang/DOEviaPACE.


Cation exchange membranes were prepared using styrene and divinylbenzene as respective components and polyvinyl chloride cloth and microporous polyethylene film as respective backing materials. The intramembrane structures of synthetic and commercial membranes were analyzed using Tye's treatment by considering the non-homogeneous charge distribution within the membrane. Volume fractions of the pore, polyelectrolyte and inert polymer phases within the membrane were determined by using the water content of the membrane and the Donnan sorption concentration. The diffusion coefficients of the cupric ion within the pore and resin (i.e., polyelectrolyte and inert polymer) phases were correlated with the respective volume fractions of the membrane. A simplified model of the intramembrane structure was found to be useful for evaluating the sorbed concentration and the membrane conductivity.


Objective To evaluate the performance and clinical value of spiral CT in adult intussusceptions.Methods The spiral CT performance and pathology of 26 adult patients with intussusceptions were reviewed and analyzed.Results The performances of spiral CT in 26 adult patients with intussusceptions were target sign 11 cases,comet tail sign or kidney shape sign 9 cases,the shape of mass 6 cases.The pathogen of 26 adult patients with intussusceptions were primary carcinoma 15 cases,metastic tumor 2 cases,lymphoma 2 cases,polyps 3 cases,appendicitis 4 cases.According to the part of intussusception they were divided into colon-colon intussusception15 cases,ileum-colon intussusception 6 cases,ileum-ileum intussusception 5 cases.Conclusion Spiral CT have some significance for intussusceptions and can show the part of intussusception,especially the contrast CT scan.


Short-term financial early warning system that takes cash flow as the core puts forward short-term quantitative early warning method of rolling cash budget,and sets forth long-term financial early warning method from three aspects: qualitative,quantitative,qualitative and quantitative analysis.I apply Waldo proportion score to financial early warning in order to make it become a method of combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis.


An extensive data base of flow angularity repeatability measurements from four NTF check standard model tests is analyzed for statistical consistency and to characterize the results for prediction of angle-of-attack uncertainty for customer tests. A procedure for quality assurance for flow angularity measurements during customer tests is also presented. The efficacy of the procedure is tested using results from a customer test.


We present a controller for flexible-joint robots without link velocity measurement. Our main result consists in a simple controller of the type proportional-derivative plus feedforward and a series of cascaded filters; the control design is reminiscent of classical backstepping control. To avoid the assumption that link velocities, accelerations and jerks are measured, we use approximate differentiation. The originality of our work lays in establishing uniform global asymptotic stability for the closed-loop system.


Founded by a young nation in the midst of a civil war, a private institution with a public purpose celebrates its sesquicentennial.


Background The Liverpool HIV community nursing team (HCNT) became operational in 1993, prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and was one of the first HCNTs outside London. Liverpool is a relatively small city with only one HIV treatment centre at the local hospital. Clinics are delivered by genitourinary medicine (GUM) and infectious disease (ID) units. During the pre-treatment era, the core functions of the HCNT were to optimise quality of life, facilitate end-of-life care at home, provide diagnosis support to patients and significant others, teaching, audit and research. This was a difficult time to work in HIV nursing and good nursing care, exercising advanced communication skills, empathy, trust and symptom control were all we had to offer. Following implementation of HAART, post 1996, core functions of service delivery changed to include managing patients with inadequate adherence, late diagnosis, and engaging with those struggling to attend hospital clinics. Nursing by the HCNT has evolved over the years; Piercy et al. have described it as highly responsive to the changing needs of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Liverpool and mentioned the introduction of a range of initiatives to improve the service [1].


Abnormality of sphincter of Oddi is divided into the anatomical and functional ones. Anatomical abnormality includes stenosis and insufficiency, and the dyskinesia of sphincter of Oddi is composed of hypermotility and hypomotility. Many biliopancreatic diseases are associated with the abnormality of sphincter of Oddi, which include congenital pancreaticobiliary maljunction, gallstones, primary choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis, post-cholecystectomy syndrome, and pancreatitis. The proper acknowledgement of abnormality of sphincter of Oddi is of importance to improve the diagnosis and therapy of corresponding biliopancreatic diseases.

Key words:
Sphincter of Oddi;  Abnormality;  Biliopancreatic diseases


Traditionally, optical proximity correction (OPC) on cell array patterns in memory layout uses simple bias rules to correct hierarchically-placed features, but requires intensive, rigorous lithographic simulations to maximize the wafer process latitude. This process requires time-consuming procedures to be performed on the full chip (excluding the cell arrays) to handle unique cell features and layout placements before (and even sometimes after) OPC. The time required limits productivity for both mask tapeouts and the wafer process development. In this paper, a new cell array OPC flow is introduced that reduces turnaround-time for mask tapeouts from days to hours, while maintaining acceptable OPC quality and the perfect geometric consistency on the OPC output that is critical for memory manufacturing. The flow comprises an effective sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) insertion and OPC for both the cell array and the peripheral pattern areas. Both simulation and experimental results from actual wafer verification are discussed.


There was a tradition of travel study in ancient China,especially in the East Han dynasty.Travel study had become a part of scholars' life in that period,and it has its own characteristics,that is,it had carried on a painted political color.In the latter part of the East Han Dynasty,the teachers and their students were full of enthusiasm about clique and critique,and lead to a great disaster to them.


Alyssum desertorum (Alysseae, Brassicaceae) is an annual spring ephemeral plant whose life cycle is only 2–3 months. It typically has high photosynthetic capacity and a high growth rate. However, little was known about the chloroplast (cp) genome structure of this species. Furthermore, the phylogenetic position of the tribe Alysseae relative to other tribes in the Brassicaceae has not been established and there appear to be inconsistences between different DNA markers. This study is the first report on a cp genome of the genus Alyssum and discusses the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Alysseae relative to other tribes in the family. The complete cp genome of A. desertorum was 151 677 bp in size and is thus the smallest cp genome of Brassicaceae sequenced to date. The genome includes a large single‐copy region of 81 551 bp, a small single‐copy region of 17 804 bp, and two inverted repeats of 26 161 bp each. The genome contains 132 genes, including 86 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. A total of 16 genes contained introns, including 10 PCGs and 6 tRNA genes; the ycf3 and clpP genes contained two introns, and the remaining genes each contained one. Compared to the cp genomes of 21 other Brassicaceae species, the cp genome of Alyssum desertorum was the smallest, as due to variation in gene content and gene length, such as a lack of the rps16 gene and the deletion of some coding genes. Additionally, deletions of introns and intergenic spacers were observed, but their total length was not significantly shorter than those of other taxa. Phylogenetic analysis at the tribal level based on a cp genome dataset revealed that the tribe Alysseae is an early‐diverging lineage that is sister to other species within subclade B of clade II.


For the period of 4 years, in quarter-time cycle, samples had been taken from surface microlayers and subsurface water of the lakes: Gardno, Jasien and Dolgie Wielkie, by two techniques (Garret net and glass plate). In each talked over layers we have analyzed contents of calcium, general alkalinity, conductance and water reaction (pH). We have also determined the ability of surface microlayer to accumulate these components and we have compared it to subsurface water ability and verified whether this ability depends on the kind of the lake.


This paper will present results from a recent airborne campaign to collect and anayze reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-R) signals. The objective of this experiment was to test the GNSS Instrument for Multistatic and Occulatation Sensing (GISMOS) and provide additional data for comparison of GNSS-R sea roughness retrievals with in situ measurements. Raw sampled data from the direct GPS signal (using a conventional navigation antenna) and the reflected signal (both right and left-hand circularly polarized nadir antennas) were recorded at both the L1 (1575.42 MHz) and L2 (1227.6 MHz) frequencies. These signals were post-processed using a software-defined radio. Low cost consumer gaming processors were reprogrammed to efficiently generate Delay-Doppler maps (DDMs). A scattering model was then fit to these DDMs in order to estimate the upwind and cross-wind slope variances and the principal axis direction. Initial results suggest a sensitivity to wind direction.


Although we live in the 20th century and there are many educated people, the development of libraries and raising of the general cultural standard causes a lot of problems. Local authorities can still hardly recognize the libraries, their functions and needs. Based on the collected statistical data the authors review the conditions in the libraries of elementary schools, secondary schools and public libraries in the Sisak-Moslavina region. They regard that the improvement of the quality and quantity of library acquisitions could be supported by the new library act. In addition, the Ministry of culture and education should issue a resolution which would oblige the cities and municipalities to give financial support to the acquisitions of library materials


PART I: PREPARE TO BUILD THE SITECHAPTER 1: Plan and Wireframe Your New SiteCHAPTER 2: Understand and Use Color and Imagery to Reinforce the Message CHAPTER 3: Design the Interface and NavigationPART II: PREPARE THE FILES FOR THE WEBCHAPTER 4: Create Rollovers and Image Maps with SlicesCHAPTER 5: The Need for Speed: Making the Page Load Quickly and EfficientlyPART III: WORK IN DREAMWEAVERCHAPTER 6: Building the Home PageCHAPTER 7: Streamlining the Process--Using Cascading Style Sheets and TemplatesCHAPTER 8: Creating the Whole SiteCHAPTER 9: Add Movement and InteractivityPART IV: MOVE BEYOND YOUR LOCAL COMPUTERCHAPTER 10: Create Forms and E-Commerce CapabilitiesCHAPTER 11: Adding the Cool FactorCHAPTER 12: Going Live: Uploading Your Site to the Web


In a 16-month study on rodent-infestation patterns in crop fields on the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan, five rodent species were found to occur in the following order of dominance: Tatera indica, Bandicota bengalensis, Mus spp., Golunda ellioti and Nesokia indica. On the basis of the trapping data, the first three species were considered to have pest status and their relative abundance changed from season to season. During spring, T. indica and B. bengalensis were the dominant species. B. bengalensis became dominant in summer. The proportion of T. indica increased during the monsoon season and autumn (58.5%) and reached almost 95% during winter. Mus species were more common than B. bengalensis in the post-summer monsoon and autumn. G. ellioti and N. indica were captured occasionally, and showed no seasonal preference. As N. indica is a highly fossorial species, surface trapping is believed to have underestimated its prevalence. Unlike the other species, the population of T. indica was stable all over seasons; this appeared to be linked to its use of the wild vegetation on the field boundaries. This preliminary information highlights the need for further studies to explore the life-history traits and habitats of these rodent species.


Frequency ratio of structural elements above the isolation layer to those below the isolation layer was optimized.In the shaking table tests,the lateral stiffness of isolation layer was with lower,optimized,or excessive value.The results showed that the optimization can significantly reduce the seismic responses and raise one grade of the earthguake fortification level in the tests,from partial failure to no damage in strong motions.For such structures,significantly reducing story drift is an appropriate goal of optimality and it has general significance in engineering.


Using previously obtained data on the solubilities of curatives in SBR, EPDM and in NBR, different mixing procedures were performed on 50/50 SBR/EPDM and NBR/EPDM blends. In contrast to a previous phase-mixing study, the curatives were added to separate phases before final blending, in an attempt to control the curative distributions in the blends for optimal mechanical properties. Fillers were not applied in the system to exclude their influence on the dispersion of the curatives. The properties of such blends compounded by selective phase mixing are superior to those of blends compounded with normal mixing procedures.


Purpose – Philip Kotler is one of the pioneers who has contributed to the broadening of academic inquiry in the field of marketing. He has had a significant role in shaping how marketing is taught to and practised by students and managers of marketing. By examining the personal and macroenvironmental influences that have come to shape his work, this paper seeks to explore how Philip Kotler has achieved such influence in the field of marketing.Design/methodology/approach – The research was driven by a desire to understand the context in which Kotler developed his work, including the personal influences on his life as well as the macroenvironmental forces within which his work has emerged. To this end, the reseaerch employed qualitative techniques to analyze a number of data sources including depth interviews with Philip Kotler and nine of his colleagues, participant observation at Kotler's 75th birthday celebration hosted by the Kellogg School, a review of marketing textbooks, and a review of relevant lite...


Poor solubility and bioavailability of an existing or newly synthesized drug always pose challenge in the development of efficient pharmaceutical formulation. Numerous technologies can be used to improve the solubility and spray drying technology can be successfully useful for development of product from lab scale to commercial scale with a wide range of powder characteristics. Spray drying is an interesting manufacturing technique for the pharmaceutical industry since it uses a one-step process for formation and drying of powders. Using this technique the number of unit operations is reduced, improving production efficiency and reducing costs. Since spray drying is a technique which can be easily automated and equipped for in-line product analysis. Current review deals with the importance of spray drying technology in drug delivery, basically for solubility and bioavailability enhancement, instrumentation, advantages and the various applications of spray drying. Overall, spray drying has a bright future due to its versatility, effciency and the driving force of poorly soluble drugs.


Review(s) of: Watching clouds, by Gerry Boland, Tralee: Doghouse, 2011, RRP 12. ISBN 9780956528056; Notes towards a love song, by Aidan Hayes, Tralee: Doghouse, 2011, RRP 12. ISBN 9780956528032; Between the lines, by Karen O'Connor, Tralee: Doghouse, 2011, RRP 12. ISBN 9780956528070.


salvaged from the miscellaneous and unsystematic statistics of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The conclusions reached, while not altogether new to students of the early iron industry, will serve to check or minimize some ideas advanced by more general observers. For example, the home market for Pennsylvania iron "burgeoned from 1750 on," and most of Pennsylvania's product went into local "manufacturing. Even though Philadelphia in 1760 was the leading exporter of iron to England, much iron never left the interior of the state. This high local consumption continued beyond the eighteenth century. For example, the total demand for nails was always far larger than for railroad iron, showing not only the local predominance of building construction but also of horse-shoeing. The census word blacksmith could cover everything from a one-man hammer and anvil to an urban iron works such as that started by Oliver Evans in Philadelphia. Paskoff combines interests in business organization and production. He has many tables correlating productivity or other factors with proprietary ownership, partnership, or incorporation. While proprietary ownership seemed generally to have been the most efficient, in integrated large-scale works "little difference in output rates distinguished one type of firm from the others" (p. 103). Eastern Pennsylvania ores were hard to process, being both siliceous and suHurous. The long-established charcoal smelters had learned much from experience, such as the fact that large quantities of limestone were necessary to produce malleable iron. This led local manufacturers and blacksmiths often to prefer charcoal iron to that smelted with anthracite, after the latter became practical in 1839. Charcoal furnaces were still being built in the 1850s. But iron from the charcoal process cost more than that from either anthracite or British coke smelting, and hence for purposes not demanding high quality or malleability it was superseded by the cheaper processes. More and more the industry clustered around Philadelphia and to a lesser extent Pittsburgh, where in the period immediately following that selected by Paskoff coke was to be widely introduced. I have only two criticisms of this careful, well-executed study. First, the eighteenth-century material is relatively fuller and more satisfactory than that of the mid-nineteenth century; second, I would like a little more discussion of the "chemistry," such as was known, and its practice in various types of production.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: invention pertains to a printing matrix engraved by a laser, used for obtaining a relief image using known methods. Description is given of the printing matrix engraved by a laser, obtained through photocuring a compound on a photosensitive resin base (a), consisting of a polymerised unsaturated group and which has an average molecular mass between 1000 to 20 x 10 4 , an organic compound (b), with a polymerised unsaturated group and average molecular mass less than 1000 and an organic silicon compound (c), with at least, one Si-O bond and not containing a polymerised unsaturated group. Content of the organic silicon compound (c), lies in the range from 0.1 to 10 % of the mass of the compound on the photosensitive resin base. Description is given of obtaining the printing matrix engraved by a laser, through formation of the given compound on a canvas or cylinder with subsequent linking and solidification under exposure to light. EFFECT: increased resistance of the printing matrix to abrasion and to adhesion on its surface. 19 cl, 2 tbl, 12 ex


As Marshall et al[1][1] point out in their article published in this issue of Respiratory Care, nasal cycling appeared in the literature over 100 years ago, and it continues to be regularly reported in medical and scientific journals.[2][2]–[7][3] Respiratory texts and journals have seldom


PURPOSE: A gas supply system is provided to inject uniformly gases onto various substrates by using a plurality of adapters including detachable nozzles of various injection modes. CONSTITUTION: A gas supply ring(21) includes a ring-shaped gas supply path(23) and a plurality of gas distribution paths formed from the ring-shaped gas supply path to the center direction. A plurality of adapters(30) include gas injection nozzles(31) which are connected to each gas distribution path. The adapters are coupled to the inside of the gas supply ring. The gas injection nozzles have different injection modes according to injecting angles and injecting positions.


This research seeks to apply "numerical assessment of water quality using quality control - A case study of Idah, Kogi state, Nigeria." Secondary data of 500 bags of Idah factory water produced over period of 23 days were analyzed using control chart for fraction and number defectives to monitor the proportions of defective and number of defects in the factory water. It was found using P-CHART that central line (CL), upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) were 0.04, 0.07, and 0.01 respectively. Similarly, the result obtained using NP-CHART in monitoring number of defects in Idah factory water production indicated that , lower control limit (LCL), central line  and  upper control limit (UCL) were 8, 22 and 36 respectively. In both cases all the points were within the control limits. This implies that the production process is in a state of statistical control. It was therefore, recommended that the current components of the production process should be sustained among other things.


AbstractIn the GRADE approach, randomized trials start as high-quality evidence and observational studies as low-quality evidence, but bothcan be rated down if a body of evidence is associated with a high risk of publication bias. Even when individual studies included in best-evidence summaries have a low risk of bias, publication bias can result in substantial overestimates of effect. Authors should suspect pub-lication bias when available evidence comes from a number of small studies, most of which have been commercially funded. A number ofapproaches based on examination of the pattern of data are available to help assess publication bias. The most popular of these is the funnelplot; all, however, have substantial limitations. Publication bias is likely frequent, and caution in the face of early results, particularly withsmall sample size and number of events, is warranted. 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: GRADE; Quality of evidence; Publication bias; Funnel plot; Conflict of interest; Pharmaceutical industry


Previous studies have demonstrated that disparity across minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) can cause graft versus host disease (GVHD) in patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell grafts from HLA-identical donors. mHA are peptide epitopes derived from normal cellular proteins presented by self MHC. Most autosomal mHA are generated as a result of non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs), which lead to differences in the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins between donor and recipient cells. Although it is estimated that several hundred mHA exist in humans, only 16 have been definitively characterized to date. Using the Affymetrix 20K cSNP array we performed SNP typing on 97, HLA-A2+ hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and their sibling donors. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from patients and their donors. All patients were in remission at the time of sampling, all had undergone HSCT at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 1998 and 2005 and all samples were drawn prior to transplantation. The transplants included myeloablative and non-myeloablative conditioning regimens, T cell depleted and non-T cell depleted grafts and sex matched and sex mis-matched donors. Using dChip software, we evaluated each of the 20,000 non-synonymous cSNPs on the array for mismatch between sibling pairs and for an association between mismatch in the GVHD direction and the development of acute or chronic GVHD. Mismatch in the GVHD direction was defined as a homozygous donor (AA or BB) and a heterozygote recipient (AB) or a homozygous donor (AA or BB) and a homozygously mismatched recipient (BB or AA). We ranked the cSNPs on the array in order of the strength of the association between mismatch in the GVHD direction and the development of either acute or chronic GVHD. There was no overlap between the 40 mismatched cSNPs most strongly associated with acute GVHD and the 40 most tightly associated with chronic GVHD. Mismatch at the SNP rs12407003 in the OMA1 gene was most highly associated with acute GVHD with mismatch in the GVHD direction occurring in 13 of 41 pairs with acute GVHD and 2 of 56 without (p=0.0003 by Fisher's Exact Test). OMA1 encodes a mitochondrial membrane-bound metallopeptidase. 65 sibling pairs were assessable for chronic GVHD. Mismatch at the SNP rs2740349 in the GEMIN4 gene was most strongly associated with chronic GVHD with mismatch in the GVHD direction occurring in 10 of 26 pairs with chronic GVHD and 1 of 39 without (p=0.0002). GEMIN4 is part of a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex. This study demonstrates a novel, genome-wide method of identifying putative mHA using a cSNP array. It reveals that mismatch of non-synonymous cSNPs in the GVHD direction occurs at an appreciable frequency in sibling pairs consistent with the hypothesis that the number of mHA in humans is large. Interestingly, the pattern of mismatch differs between acute and chronic GVHD. The study also identifies individual non-synonymous cSNPs for which mismatch in the GVHD direction is highly associated with the development of GVHD. Further evaluation of these cSNPs in larger independent cohorts will be undertaken to validate this association and targeted immunologic analysis of peptides derived from these cSNPs will examine their role as putative mHA.


A growth model for heated glasshouse tomatoes is described in detail. A mechanistic approach is used so that both development and real growth are distinguished for both crop and fruit. Some results of the growth model as part of a bio-economic model are given. Of the different phsyiological processes, the rate of photosynthesis showed the largest influence on productivity. Other regarded aspects are: rate of flowering and maturing, tomato type, intercropping and planting date.


The aim of this article is to verify the possibility of using inductive coupling for the on-line measurement of partial discharges MV cables. At its principle, inductive coupling records partial discharges that cause current changes over this coupling only. This natural selectivity can be used within on-line measurement, and, therefore, to restrain other partial discharges sources that can be found in MV system. That is why a new detection system based on the inductive coupling principle was designed and tested in laboratory conditions. In order to verify sensitivity and recording availability, basic partial discharges models (corona, surface, and internal) were prepared, and verifying measurement with standard PD Smart detecting system was realized. Based on measured and analyzed data, it is possible to state that this newly developed system has, at its disposal, parameters suitable for partial discharges detection.


The real-time path-planning problem for autonomous robots is considered with the presence of arbitrary roving and static obstacles in the workspace. It is solved as a dynamic shortest route problem by adapting Dijkstra's algorithm to the workspace motion-scene graphs generated at successive scan intervals. In this obstacle-avoidance scheme, the robot takes the relative importance of detected obstacles into consideration. Simulation results show that the success rate of collision-free navigation for the new approach is 90% compared to 60% for the classical approach of wait/temporary relocate-resume . However, the total time and the distance travelled are about 10% longer for the new scheme than that obtained using the traditional technique. The numerous needs for, and benefits of self-driven robots make the research both justifiable and desirable.


In order to resolve the lack of semantic information of traditional keyword-based information search mechanism, this paper puts forward the information search model based on Semantic Web Services (ISMSWS) in distributed network environment, on the basis of the description on key technologies of Semantic Web and Web Services. Through analysis of each function of the model, it proposes the information search algorithm based on semantic similarity (ISASS), and provides the solution in order to implement integration and sharing on information resources of heterogeneous systems in this paper. Finally it illustrates the implementation of information search prototype system based on Semantic Web Services(IPSSWS), and makes performance analysis by simulated experiment in this paper. As a result, this paper provides a solution for achieving automatic and intelligent information search.


The development of good agricultural practice concept was outlined retrospectively,the framework of good agricultural practice standards and their operation in China and abroad were introduced,and good agricultural practice situation in China tobacco production was reviewed briefly.


A photoreactive analogue of coelenterazine having an azido group was synthesized. The analogue showed similar chemi- and bioluminescence properties to those of the natural coelenterazine. Photolysis of the analogue in the presence of diethylamine gave a derivative azepine as the major product.