Only five patients recalled having had contact with cats. Seven hadfever and weight loss. Six had excessive sweating and five had chills. Seven had painfully enlargedlymph nodes mainly in submandibular and axillary regions. All had an increased C reactive proteinand six had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Five had leukocytosis and four an elevated serumlactate dehydrogenase. The disease subsided in all, even in one patient that did not receiveantimicrobials.


The molecule of the title compound, C13H10Br2N2O, is nearly planar and displays a trans configuration with respect to the central C=N double bond. In the crystal structure, the molecules are linked through intermolecular C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the b axis.


After the demonstration of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in lacrimal gland tissue the author investigated lacrimal gland tissue for TGF-alpha. This growth factor has structural similarities to EGF, binds to the same receptor and has also wound healing promoting effects. Stained with specific antibodies 30 specimens of bovine lacrimal glands were investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of TGF-alpha. In all sections TGF-alpha was detected in the acini. Here it was located in the lacrimocytes in a pattern that resembles the localization of the secretory granules. This gives strong evidence that also TGF-alpha is, like suggested for EGF, produced and secreted by the lacrimal gland. This implies the possibility that also TGF-a is present in tear fluid, an initial result that is strongly supported by recent studies. It is concluded that the current models on the effect of EGF on the ocular surface should also consider the simultaneous presence of TGF-a. The possibility that both growth factors a...


A cooperative team of agents may perform many tasks better than isolated agents. The question is how coopera- tion among self-interested agents may be achieved. It is impor- tant that, while we encourage cooperation among agents to form a team, we maintain autonomy of individual agents as much as possible, so as to maintain flexibility and generality. This paper presents an approach toward this goal, based on bidding utiliz- ing reinforcement values acquired through reinforcement learn- ing. The result is a simple and straightforward method that is generic and works in a variety of task domains. We further apply evolutionary computation to enhance cooperation among agents of a team, through selecting and reproducing those teams that are able to cooperate. We tested and analyzed this ap- proach, MARLBS, in a variety of task domains, and demon- strated that a team of self-interested agents indeed performed better than the best single agent as well as the average of the single agents. In particular, Backgammon players trained us- ing this approach outperformed PubEval (a publicly available benchmark player). These results validated our approach.


In simple two-choice discrimination tasks, performance may involve either or both of two tendencies: responding in the presence of the discriminative stimulus for reinforcement (approaching the "positive" cue, SD) and not-responding in the presence of the discriminative stimulus for non-reinforcement (avoiding the "negative" cue, S.6.). When both stimuli are available in a situation, it is rarely possible to determine which is prepotent, or if both are equally functional. Identical performances could be a function of "approach" alone, "avoidance" alone (assuming a general situational SD), or some complex combination of the two.


This paperdescribesa microcomputercontrolledcurrent and voltage measuring instrumentwhichwas primarily designedto find the maximumrms currentin selectable time intervals of 1, 5, 15 or 60 minutes,or an indefinitelylong interval. The instrumentconsistsof a Measurement Controller (MC),which is the main subjectof the paper, up to three current probes, associatedamplifiers,and a smallprinter. The MC and currentprobeamplifiersplug into a portable power module which is about the size of a smallsuitcase. The MC has a 3 1/2digitdisplaythat is updated every 200 milliseconds.The instrumentcan also be used as a continuousindicatingtruerms ammeter or voltmeter. The usablefrequencyrangeis dc and 15 Hz to 2500Hz.


PURPOSE: To exclude a rapid increase in an engine speed during shift caused by underrating of the engine torque by substantially excluding the torque supplied by the engine by changing the normal setting of engine torque control according to the detection of the state of a rapid increase of the speed of the engine. CONSTITUTION: When starting upshifting, the torque supplied by an engine 12 is evaluated and on the basis of the torque evaluation and time, according to a prescribed pressure schedule, on-coming fluid pressure is supplied to second friction elements 30-34. Next, when the occurrence of the state of a rapid increase of the speed of the engine 12 during the supply of the on-coming fluid pressure is sensed, afterwards, the normal setting of the engine torque control is changed according to the detection of the state of the rapid increase of the speed of the engine 12, the torque supplied by the engine 12 is substantially excluded.


The invention discloses a monitoring method and a monitoring device of application (app) view switching on an internet work operating system (IOS) platform. The method comprises obtaining a first method body where views enter and which an application programming interface (api) directs to and needs executing in a view switching process, wherein the first method body comprises the following logics of invoking the api where the views enter and recording view entering time; obtaining a second method body where the views leave and which the api directs to and needs executing in the view switching process, wherein the second method body comprises the following logics of invoking the api where the views leave and recording view leaving time; and executing the obtained first method body and the obtained second method body. The monitoring method and the monitoring device solve the problem that workload is big and errors are easy to cause due to the fact that measurement codes are added when view switching is detected on the IOS platform in a correlation technique, reduce workload for capturing system information and further improve accuracy.


Image schema is one of the important fields of cognitive linguistics.Using this theory to analyze poetry leaves great space for us."Annabel Lee" and "Tune: The Riverside Town" are two famous poems reminiscent of the dead wife.Based on image schema theory,the analysis of the two poems can provide a new perspective of appreciating poems.


The identity of Chloronia bogotana Weele is reconsidered. This is after the genus revision and a previous redescription of the species have been published, in 1982 and 1991, respectively. The current description is based on two old specimens and a recently collected male, all of which clearly show diagnostic traits present in the holotype. Among other characters, C. bogotana is distinct from other Chloronia species because of a pair of posterolateral occipital bands on the head, a dark spot at the base of foretibiae, and a male ninth abdominal sternum with strongly developed lateral lobes. Chloronia specimens roughly similar to the ones herein described, may prove to actually belong to separate undescribed species. Habitus photographs and illustrations of diagnostic traits are included.


average and record yields. Those crops having marketable vegetative structures exhibited approximately threeCrops with economically valuable reproductive structures show fold reductions in yield (Boyer, 1982). These data sugthe greatest negative discrepancy between average and record yields. gest that plants have high productivity potential but are To alleviate environmental stress–related yield reductions, a better understanding of the relative sensitivities of pollen development, deoperating well below their genetic potential. hiscence, pollen germination, pollen tube growth, fertilization, and Yield loss might be lessened by identifying and optisubsequent boll development is needed. Progress in identifying the mizing those plant protective mechanisms that could be sensitivities of these developmental stress responses has been hamused to improve stress-resistant germplasm stocks. One pered in part by the lack of a rapid and reliable method of germinating such protective mechanism is acquired thermotolerance, cotton (Gossypium spp.) pollen in vitro. The present study describes a process postulated to be closely linked to the heat the development of an in vitro cotton pollen germination system that shock response. Plants are frequently exposed to eleprovides improved pollen germination levels and pollen tube growth vated soil and air temperatures resulting in a reduction over existing methods. This procedure was used to evaluate the temin their growth, development, and ultimately productivperature sensitivity of pollen from greenhouse and field-grown cotton. ity. Subjecting them to a period of sublethal elevated The medium comprises 10% (w/v) agarose (pH 7.6), 25% (w/v) sucrose, 0.52 mM KNO3, 3.06 mM MnSO4, 1.66 mM H3BO3, 0.42 mM temperatures induces a transient state of thermotolerMgS04·7H20, and 1.0 M A3 gibberellic acid. The medium is overlayed ance, which raises the injury threshold and protects the with a layer of 1.5% agarose before use. Optimum pollen germination plants from subsequent, otherwise lethal, high temperaand rapid tube elongation occurred between 28 and 31 C under 80% tures. This acquisition of thermotolerance is a complex relative humidity. Decreased pollen germination occurred at temperaphysiological phenomenon that has been shown to intures above 37 C, and decreased tube elongation occurred at temperavolve at least some heat shock proteins (HSPs) (Viertures above 32 C. Evaluation of pollen, taken at 1400 h from fieldling, 1991). Although varying in magnitude among plant grown cotton plants, showed that pollen from flowers exposed to cultivars, most vegetative tissues exhibit an inducible direct sunlight had reduced viability compared with pollen from flowheat shock response. Germinating pollen, however, has ers inside the canopy. This could be attributed to the fact that flowers from field-grown irrigated cotton plants exposed to full sunlight expenot been found to exhibit the heat shock protein inducrienced internal temperatures as high as 39 C, well above the 28 to tion pattern upon exposure to elevated sublethal tem31 C optimum for pollen germination. peratures and concomitantly exhibits rapid losses in viability upon heat exposure (Hopf et al., 1992). This may explain Boyer's observation that crops with economiC species grown throughout the world experically valuable reproductive structures show the greatest ence environmental stresses that limit their growth, discrepancy between average and record yields (Boyer, development, and full expression of their genetic poten1982). tial for agronomic yield. Comparison of average crop Modest progress has been achieved in selecting cotton yields with reported record yields has shown that the varieties with improved heat tolerance by heat treatmajor crops grown in the USA exhibit annual average ment of pollen before pollination, allowing only the yields threeto sevenfold lower than record yields due more heat-tolerant pollen to be effective in subsequent to unfavorable environmental conditions (Boyer, 1982). crosses (Rodriguez-Garay and Barrow, 1988). The proAnalysis of yields from corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticess of selecting pollen with improved heat tolerance cum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], could be accelerated with a rapid and reliable method sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), of germinating cotton pollen to measure viability across barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), potato (Solanum tubersoa range of environmental stresses. Current pollen germisum L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) revealed that nation techniques include hanging drop culture, sitting the average yield represented only 22% of the mean redrop suspension culture, suspension culture, and surface cord yield. Crops with economically valuable reproducculture (Alexander and Ganeshan, 1989; Brewbaker and tive structures showed the greatest discrepancy between Kwack, 1963; Cheng and Freeling, 1976; Dawkins and Owens, 1993; Egea et al., 1992; Feijo et al., 1995; Frascaroli and Tuberosa, 1993; Mulcahy and Mulcahy, 1988; USDA-ARS, SPA, Plant Stress and Water Conserv. Lab., Lubbock, Pareddy and Petolino, 1992; Pundir, 1972; Shivanna and TX 79415. Received 3 June 2002. *Corresponding author ( jburke@ lbk.ars.usda.gov). Rangaswamy, 1992; Shivanna et al., 1991; Singh et al., 1992; Tanaka et al., 1995; Tupy et al., 1983; Vogt et al., Published in Agron. J. 96:359–368 (2004). 1994; Yistra et al., 1995; Zonia and Tupy, 1995). The  American Society of Agronomy 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA hanging drop and sitting drop cultures use only small


Summary

The generation of aroma compounds and the changes in sensory characteristics through the soy sauce koji fermentation were investigated to evaluate the crucial impact of the koji fermentation on soy sauce aroma. The sensory analysis showed a marked increase in 'musty' and 'soy sauce-like' odours, whereas the beany attribute decreased significantly during koji fermentation. Aldehydes and alcohols were the major volatile classes present in the koji samples. Gas chromatography–olfactometry was used to identify the aroma-active compounds in harvested koji, and the results showed that 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, (E)-2-octenal, di-epi-α-cedrene, benzeneacetaldehyde and 3-(methylthio)-propanal exhibited the greatest aroma intensities in harvest koji. Moreover, relative contents of (E)-2-octenal, benzeneacetaldehyde, 3-(methylthio)-propanal and 2-phenylpropenal were found to be positively related to 'musty' and 'soy sauce-like' odours. Results from principal component analysis showed that the growth and sporulation of Aspergillus oryzae had the important impacts on the volatile evolution.


An electric circuit pattern is formed on a substrate by (i) coating a soln.-retaining film on a substrate where the soln.retaining film allows a soln. that contains an electric circuit element-forming material and a solvent for permeation and retention at the position at which the soln. initially contacts the film; (ii) depositing the soln. on the film in accordance with a predetermined pattern; (iii) enabling the deposited soln. to permeate through the film; (iv) pre- heating the substrate to cause evapn. of the deposited solvent; and (v) baking the rest of the soln., the film and the substrate to cure the rest of the soln. and bake off the film leaving a printed electric circuit.


In the last ten years Oxford University library system underwent a radical reform process that has completely changed its organization. From a set of approximately 100 libraries, with the Bodleian at its center but with no real coordination on services, collection development and on management, Oxford has moved to a coherent and coordinated library system, called OULS (Oxford University Libraries Service). This article outlines the story of this reorganization process through the analysis of published material and the reports of the working parties that have contributed to the birth of the new system.


From the advent of literary Japonisme late in the nineteenth century through the literary and cultural upheavals of the twentieth century Japanese literature, visual arts, aesthetic principles, and landscapes imaginative and real have attracted the attention of many of the most remarkable and remarked upon poets of Britain and the United States. This work provides a critical and bibliographical overview of the works that constitute the textual fabric of this attraction, focusing particularly on the first half of the twentieth century, when Japan first emerged as a determinative presence in Anglo-American verse. The introduction, 'Anglo-American Poetry and the Special Case of Japan', places the work under study in historical context, and is followed by four bibliographical sections. Section A, 'Critical and Comparative Studies', provides a chronological listing of general secondary works that have addressed the use of Japanese subjects and forms in Anglo-American poetry. Section B, 'Poets Central to the Study', provides chronological listings of prim ary and secondary materials by and about twelve writers whose mediation of Japanese subjects and forms was most significant among Anglo-American poets active from 1900 to 1950: Conrad Aiken, Richard Aldington, Laurence Binyon, Edmund Blunden, Witter Bynner, William Empson, Arthur Davison Ficke, John Gould Fletcher, Amy Lowell, William Plomer, Ezra Pound, and W. B. Yeats. Section C, 'Other Materials', includes selected listings of works by and about other Anglo-American poets whose mediation of Japanese materials has been significant (CA), a selected listing of relevant archives (CB), and a selected listing of secondary works that focus on the larger influence of Japan in the West (CC). Section D, 'Sources of Influence and Transmission', provides a bibliographical overview of the writers and texts that have provided Anglo-American poets with many of their images and understandings of Japan and Japanese forms. Anglo-American Poetry and Japan, 1900-1950: A Critical Bibliography


Abstract. According to the defect of the high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) in optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the PAPR reduction technology based on the partial transmission sequences (PTS) method has been deeply studied. An improved enhanced-iterative-algorithm-PTS (EIA-PTS) technology is proposed. The proposed EIA-PTS technology, compared with the original PTS (O-PTS), can reduce the computational complexity. The simulation analysis shows that the computational complexity of the O-PTS method grows exponentially with an increase in the number of both subblocks and phase factors, while the computational complexity of the EIA-PTS technology basically remains stable and is lower than that of the O-PTS method. On the basis of the proposed EIA-PTS technology, an improved EIA-PTS-Clipping combined PAPR reduction technology that combines EIA-PTS technology with clipping technology is proposed. The simulation result shows the proposed EIA-PTS-Clipping combined PAPR reduction technology, compared with the previous proposed EIA-PTS technology, can further improve the PAPR reduction performance and has a higher application value because it can have a better tradeoff between the bit error rate performance and PAPR reduction effect for optical OFDM systems.


This paper begins by putting electronics into a historical perspective, identifying it as the latest in a long line of knowledge technologies, noting that electronic writing (the sequential recording of original symbol strings) is now performed on magnetic surfaces and electronic printing (the mass replication of fixed knowledge) is now done on plastic in the form of CD-ROM. We note a shift away from classical Newtonian-electronics towards a VLSI culture that transcends the old paradigm; this 'new electronics' is here called epitronics, being built upon electronics, but no longer having the same essential physical nature. After a brief review of current technologies, some ideas about how we may expect these to evolve are presented, followed by a discussion of the new knowledge-based tools that will be needed for product development in the latter part of this decade. Finally, we try to imagine the impact-of epitronics on Earthtown in the year 2000.<<ETX>>


Summary Previous research indicates that the use of impression management is related to supervisor ratings of employee likeability and job performance. It has been argued, though, that employees might also use impression management so that their superiors will see them as 'good soldiers' who engage in high levels of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). This study investigates the ways in which three types of impression management—namely, job-focused, self-focused, and supervisor-focused tactics of impression management—influence supervisor ratings of OCB. Using a sample of 122 supervisor-subordinate dyads, the findings indicate that supervisor-focused tactics of impression management are positively related to OCB ratings, while job-focused tactics are negatively related to such evaluations. Additionally, citizenship behaviors are positively related to supervisor liking of the employee and overall ratings of job performance. Finally, the results suggest that OCB ratings mediate the relationship between supervisor-focused tactics of impression management and supervisor evaluations of employee likeability. Some implications of this study and directions for future research are also addressed. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The pace with which the world is developing today is directly proportional to the pace of declining environmental sustainability. Electronic equipment has signified their need in the modern era, with the world's population growing rapidly and generally improving wealth. It is a known fact that every electronic component has got a life, after which it is considered to be scrap.
Out of the several problems awaiting to be addressed, disposal of electronic wastes generally known as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a major one to be concentrated. Generally, when the WEEE is spoken of, one only thinks about industries producing the electronic goods and no-one thinks about the educational institutes as their generator.
The paper concentrates mainly on the repurposing of tin-lead solder scrap, a WEEE, found abundantly in laboratories of the selected educational institute. The work resulted in obtaining 92% of reusable tin-lead solder material from the scrap collected from the laboratories of the institute


Lagrangian formulation of quantum mechanical Schr\"odinger equation is developed in general and illustrated in the eigenbasis of the Hamiltonian and in the coordinate representation. The Lagrangian formulation of physically plausible quantum system results in a well defined second order equation on a real vector space. The Klein-Gordon equation for a real field is shown to be the Lagrangian form of the corresponding Schr\"odinger equation.


Fuel cells are promising alternatives in power generation. Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) offer significant advantages due to the comparatively safe handling, non-toxicity and renewability of ethanol as well as its high power density. Development of the efficient catalysts for ethanol electroxidation has attracted great attention and represents one of the major challenges in electrocatalysis. This work investigates ethanol electrooxidation on Cu-BDC MOF catalyst-modified electrodes. The catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. The Cu-BDC MOF catalyst shows significantly improved catalytic activity and high durability for ethanol electrooxidation.


In article it is considered modernization processes in Tula region for the ten years' period (20002010). The approach is put in a basis of this research to the modernization studying, developed by professor He Chuantsi (People's Republic of China). He assumes complex studying of dynamics of three types of modernization primary, secondary and integrated. The author comes to a conclusion that results of secondary modernization in Tula region correspond to average values across Russia and the Central Federal district, are characterized by a growth tendency. It is possible to consider primary modernization of the region complete to the middle of the considered period.


Training adults remains ineffective nowadays. The reason can be poor adoption of the studying content by adults. The article gives a short theoretical analysis of the basic psychological approaches to training adults; it draws the data of an experimental research of training adults from positions of ontological approach, confirming its efficiency.


High voltage direct current (HVDC) connected wind farms promise reduced electrical losses, lower bill-of material cost and undiminished functionality with the condition the wind plant medium voltage (MV) collection network becomes DC, rather than MVAC. One dearly missed building block that would enable the transition to a DC voltage collection, is the DC/DC converter for high power & high voltage. The main hypothesis of this thesis is that transition of MVAC connected wind turbines to MVDC (medium voltage direct current) output is conceivable with present and commercial technologies. Therefore, the main objective was investigation and development of proof of concept demonstrator for a high efficient, medium voltage (MV) converter topology, across relevant power (5 to 15 MW) and voltage range (±35 kV to ±50 kV). Research and concept demonstrators in DC/DC converters for high powers and voltages have emerged over the last decade, but none have become products yet, due to high cost, complexity or market volume. With priority on availability, losses and power density, an analysis of a large catalogue led to favor a variant of the series resonant converter ( entitled SRC#). As the DC turbine application does not require bidirectional power flow, forced commuated semiconductors on the ±50 kVdc side are not required. A monolithic rectifier and transformer configuration was favoured for further robustness. With amorphous steel the transformer excitation frequency of 1 kHz was deemed achievable. Even more, at this frequency, linefrequency rectifier diodes are still feasible to use in series connected design, respecting their individual characteristics in recovery charge and recombination time, to balance losses and ratings. During analysis, it was discovered that the transformer core size and losses could be significantly reduced by shifting the resonant inductor and capacitor to the transformer secondary, and operate the inverter (on the primary) with a modified pulse-pattern, entitled pulse removal technique. The new modulation scheme permits requlation of power from nominal level to zero, in presence of variable input and output DC voltage levels. Combination of variable switching frequency and phase-shift modulation, below v the resonant point of the LC tank, allows soft-switching commutation on all semiconductors and design of the medium frequency transformer for highest operating frequency. Further on, substantial effort was invested to develop the analysis and design guide line tool, including a 10 kW, 5 kV laboratory test circuit. From this scaled power circuit and simulation & design tools, the full-scale circuit performance was estimated to yield impressive 1-1.5% losses and transformer weight of less than 4 tonnes. This should be comparable to the present solution of some 2-2.5% losses and weight of 20 tones. On a different medium voltage experimental setup, target 6.5 kV igbts and press-pack diodes have been exposed to similar voltage and current waveforms as in the target converter. The proposed soft-switching characterization setup allows generation of kilovolt and kiloamps pulses for a short time, without the need of bulky and expencive dc sources and loads. The semiconductor loss model was further validated and calibrated, while further works needs to address the validation of the monolithic transformer loss model.


Multifunctional composites have great potential for applications in aerospace and automobile domains. This work aims at evaluating the properties of an RVE model consisting of a carbon fiber at the core encompassed with a layer of piezoelectric material which are embedded in a non-piezoelectric matrix (epoxy resin). The carbon fibers act as a reinforcement to perform the primary functionalities (strength and stability) as a structural member while the piezoelectric layer provides sensing and actuations. With the aid of Representative volume elements, using finite element analysis we can homogenize the model equivalent to that of an original composite. The appropriate boundary conditions allow the simulation of various configuration of models to deform when multiple arbitrary combination of electrical and mechanical loadings were applied. In the first analysis a square unit cell was subjected to certain loading and boundary conditions which allows the prediction of effective material coefficients of the multifunctional composite with circular cross sectional fibers. The achieved results of effective properties are then validated with the other methods and formerly published results available in literature. In future, multifunctional composite materials can be analyzed for anticipating effective properties with square cross section fibers and also hexagonal unit cell. The comparison of results with different combination of fiber geometries and unit cells can be observed.


To increase the accuracy and reliability of the transmissibility function evaluation, a combined crosstalk cancellation method based on wavelet packet denoising and Welch's method for operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) is proposed. Firstly, prior tests are carried out with pulsed excitation, and the signals at reference points are measured concurrently. Secondly, wavelet packet denoising is adopted to process the measured signals, which can effectively reduce the effects of measurement noises and other random errors. Thirdly, Welch's method is adopted to evaluate auto-power spectrums and cross-power spectrums, and thus the prior transmissibility functions can be accurately obtained. Fourthly, a crosstalk cancellation method is proposed and the signals at reference points without crosstalk are obtained. Finally, the crosstalk problem is solved and an efficient and accurate OTPA is obtained. Furthermore, numerical case studies and experimental case studies on a test bed with shell structures are carried out to study comparatively the performances of the proposed method. Generally, this study provides an effective crosstalk cancellation method for OTPA, which can increase the accuracy and reliability of transfer path identification and contribution evaluation, and thus benefit vibration and noise monitoring, reduction and control.


Very slow cooling of poly-L-lysine hydrobromide solutions in the magnetic field of an n.m.r. spectrometer produced gelled samples in which the long axes of the poly-L-lysine α-helices were oriented parallel to the magnetic field, but remained fixed in the sample (thus allowing alteration of the angle between the long axes and the field by rotation of the sample). This alignment was detected by n.m.r. and by the anisotropy of the optical density. The orientation is due to anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility of the hexagonally-packed α-helices, and shows that each hexagonal array must involve ≳ 5 × 105 molecules.


ABSTRACT This article presents the findings from a survey conducted in two museums in the western Grassfields of Cameroon. The purpose of the study was to identify how people feel about the newly constructed museums. Between 2005 and 2006, and also during intermittent visits in 2009, 2010 and 2012, a total of 20 interviews were conducted with museum officials, relevant government departments, as well as local and foreign visitors to the museums. The findings reveal that the population of the region is happy with the museums, regardless of the fact that they are worried about the impact these might have on the royal treasury or traditional palace museum, where the objects were previously stored.


Fifty-one patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma refractory or relapsing after CHOP-like regimen, underwent a salvage chemotherapy by VPH: etoposide 100 mg/m2/d, D1 to D3, cisplatin 20 mg/m2/d, D1 to D5, ifosfamide 1 g/m2/d D1 to D5, mesna 1.2 g/m2/d D1 to D5, every 4 weeks. Among 46 evaluable patients for efficacy, 21 (45.6%) achieved complete or partial response according to WHO criteria and 25 (54.3%) failed, while five cases (9.8% of all patients) were not evaluable (two initial complete remission before VPH, two early toxic deaths and one confusional syndrome). Thirty-five patients (68.6%) died of lymphoma, three (5.8%) of acute toxicity and 13 (25.5%) are alive: five in complete remission. The toxicity is mainly myelo-suppression, digestive and renal but could be managed as usually. Although the follow-up is short, this regimen appears effective in these circumstances after CHOP failure but it should be used early, before overt chemoresistance. It does not hinder a bone marrow transplantation programme.


The elderly nutrition program, authorized under Title III of the Older Americans Act, provides grants to state agencies on aging to support congregate and homedelivered meals to persons 60 years and older. The program is designed to address problems of dietary inadequacy and social isolation among older persons. It is the largest Older Americans Act program, funded at $714.5 million in FY2004, accounting for 40% of the act's funding. The home-delivered nutrition program has grown dramatically in recent years. From 1980 to 2002, the number of home-delivered meals served grew by almost 290%, while the number of congregate meals served actually declined by 18%. The faster growth in home-delivered meals is due to increased growth in federal funding as well as state actions to meet the needs of frail older persons living at home.


Chittagong Hill Tracts problem is a national integration problem from the inception of Bangladesh. In fact, this area is an isolated region of Bangladesh. From the very beginning, the people of this region had to face different types of crucial problems. Ethnicity or Adibashi, Bengali or Bangladeshi, was the first step in this respect. Settlement of Bengali in tribal areas was another problem. In an incidental manner national integration is to be considered the precondition of a strong nation. Without overcoming the nation building problem, overall development of the state is almost impossible. Analyzing this problem, knowing the history of problem as well as to know the present condition are the main objectives of this study.


This study investigates the impact of supplementing dairy ewes in mid lactation with rumen‐protected (RPO) pellets containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n−3) or pellets infused with 50 mL kg−1 DM of either canola (CO), rice bran (RBO), flaxseed (FSO), or safflower (SFO) oils on enhancing the concentration of n−3 long‐chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 LC‐PUFA) in milk. It is hypothesized that including these oils in the diet of grazing dairy ewes will improve milk fatty acid (FA) composition by increasing levels of n−3 LC‐PUFA. Sixty grazing dairy ewes balanced by sire breed and parity are randomly allocated to one of 6 treatments: 1) Control: commercial pellets without oil inclusion; 2) pellets containing 50 mL kg−1 DM of CO; 3) RBO; 4) FSO; 5) SFO; and 6) RPO at the rate of 1 kg day−1 for each ewe for 8 weeks. Weekly bulked daily milk FA analysis shows RPO has the most efficiency at elevating n−3 LC‐PUFA content by twofold, threefold, and fivefold greater concentrations of EPA, DPA, and DHA, respectively, than the control (0.17 vs 0.08%, 0.23 vs 0.08%, 0.19 vs 0.04%) (P < 0.0001). FSO improves levels of EPA (0.11%) and DPA (0.15%), while CO increases DPA (0.13%) (P < 0.0001). FSO and RPO reached the "source" and good "source" of n−3 LC‐PUFA (ΣEPA + DHA + DPA) contents of 35.1 and 61.7 mg 250 mL−1, respectively. These findings recommend that rumen protected pellets containing EPA + DHA, flaxseed, and potentially canola oil supplements, can be used to improve the content of n−3 LC‐PUFA in dairy ewe milk.


Traditional agricultural research result is recognized as site specific,slow,and expensive.One alternative to solve this problem is to use modeling approach.A nitrogen×variety experiment was conducted in the Research Station of Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science(25°N,Lat.,109°E Long.,1 900 msl.).Three were five nitrogen levels,i e.100,145,185,230,and 270 kgha -l .Three maize varieties,two were Quality Protein maize(QPM),were used,i e.,Across 8763,Poza Rica 7863,and normal maize Mobei 1.In order to simulate the effects of management practice on growth and development of different maize cultivars by using the Crop-Environment Resource Synthesis(CERES)-Maize model in Northern Thailand,one varieties×planting dates experiment was conducted in the Research Station of the Multiple Cropping Center,Faculty of Agriculture,Chiang Mai University(18°47′Lat.99°57′Long,300msl).The experiment was conducted to generate data set for use in genetic coefficients determination.There were three planting date levels:December 20,1994;January 5,1995;Januany 20,1995.Three maize cultivars were used,Across 8763(QPM),Poza Rica 8763(QPM) and Suwan 1.The Genotype Coefficients Calculator(GENCAL)was used to determine a set of genetic coefficients for the three cultivars.The CERES-Maize model satisfactorily simulate effects of planting dates on growth and development of different maize cultivars.This set of genetic coefficients was then used to simulated effects of management practices in Yunnan.The CERES-Maize model demonstrated acceptable ability to simulate phenology events,e g,silking,and physiological maturity dates. -


The tittle irrigation is a advanced irrigation technology that had many advantages about water-saving、trouble-saving、effort-saving. The paper expound the construction on standardize vegetable farming and tittle irrigation, introduced the application of tittle irrigation tech- nology in Jinhua standardize vegetable farming, for a step speading forward.


Abstract Extrinsic photoluminescence has been studied from both undoped and p-type doped single and multiquantum well (MQW) GaAsAl x Ga 1−x As heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. For undoped MQW samples this luminescence is attributed to n = 1 electrons recombining with shallow neutral acceptors (probably carbon) near the well center whereas for single well samples the acceptors (probably carbon) are frequently concentrated in a thin GaAs layer at the first grown heterointerface. Ionization energies obtained from these data are in reasonable agreement with the calculations of Bastard. With Be-doped samples one can also see luminescence due to ground state heavy hole excitons bound to Be neutral acceptors. These data provide estimates of the dissociation energy of the heavy hole exciton neutral acceptor complex.


Pasquine Saule and Isabelle WolowczukTan-Sothea Ouk, Anne Delanoye, Claudie Verwaerde, Laurence Macia, Myriam Delacre, Georges Abboud,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/177/9/5997J Immunol€2006; 177:5997-6006; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/177/9/5997.full#ref-list-1This article cites 54 articles, 15 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:


Basis expansion ideas are employed in order to equalize frequency-selective, rapidly fading channels. It is shown that for certain fading channels (like the mobile radio channel), the coefficients' time variation can be modeled as a combination of a small number of complex exponentials, which leads to novel adaptive and decision-feedback equalization algorithms. By interpreting ideas from cyclostationary signal analysis, batch and recursive methods are also developed for estimating the frequencies of the exponentials. Finally, some illustrative simulations are presented.<<ETX>>


In Early Modern Spain, the clergy was a social group for which domestic service was crucial.The households of the clergymen lacked the conjugal core and always needed a maids and housekeepers for dealing with the home and servants for various functions. Moreover, as have many servants were an indicator of high social status, they tended to increase the number of servants. Reality of the domestic service of the Murcia prebendaries will be investigated and the created relationships will be researched too. It will be checked that for many servants was very profitable served to prebendaries because they could initiate processes of upward social mobility.


The scientific educational development view is the overal and basic view concerning the essence, purpose, intension and requirment of the educational development, mainly including three pieces of basic intension: One is people first; Next is the overall, coordinate and sustainable development; The third is advance educational innovation in an all-round way.


Grating structures of the same grating period and similar ridge widths and heights are fabricated at the air interface of highly Ga‐doped ZnO (GaZnO) thin films of different thicknesses for studying the different resonance behaviors of induced surface plasmon (SP) polariton and localized SP in the near‐IR range. The wavelengths of those SP resonance modes obtained via the reflection and transmission measurements from the air and substrate sides are compared for observing the effects of the GaZnO/substrate interface on the behaviors of the SP resonances induced around the grating structures. With the refractive index of the sapphire substrate around 1.75, the resonance wavelengths of the SP modes induced in a sample of a smaller GaZnO film thickness generally become longer. This variation trend can be clearly observed in the reflection measurement from the sapphire side. Therefore, the SP resonance wavelengths of a GaZnO grating structure can be controlled by the refractive index of the used substrate as long as the GaZnO layer is not too thick (roughly thin than 200 nm).


Abstract. The mechanism of diabetic macroangio‐pathy was studied from the view point of phenotypic change of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC). The growth rates of cultured SMC of diabetic rats or rabbits were higher than those of non‐diabetic animals (controls). This difference of the growth responses was observed specifically with platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). Of the three PDGF dimers, PDGF‐AB heterodimer (PDGF‐AB) and PDGF‐BB homodimer (PDGF‐BB) stimulated growth of diabetic SMC more than that of control SMC but PDGF‐A A homodimer (PDGF‐AA) did not. The binding of ′251‐PDGF to the diabetic SMC was greater than that to control SMC. This was due to increase in the number of cell surface receptors for PDGF. On in vitro culture, SMC from diabetic rats expressed more PDGF β‐receptor mRNA than SMC from non‐diabetic rats. Moreover, in vivo, the aortic media of diabetic rabbits expressed PDGF β‐receptor mRNA, but that from non‐diabetic rabbits did not. Thus diabetic SMC over‐react on PDGF stimulation through over‐expression of the PDGF P‐receptor gene. The significance of this fact in development of diabetic macroangiopathy is discussed.


The prospects for maintaining, let alone expanding, employment within the fisheries sector are infinitesimal. Korea's fishing industry has witnessed a significant decline over the last 26 years, with the fishery household population falling by 50%: from 25,100 individuals in 2000 to 12,600 in 2016. The contribution of the fishery sector in GDP declined precipitously from 0.68% in 1990 to 0.24% in 2017. Its contribution to economic growth is 0.6%, a very low figure in 2017. Despite its relatively minor contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) at a national level, the Korean fishing industry remains important to regional employment and wealth creation, especially in local economies where alternative opportunities are limited. Fishery household populations differ greatly according to regions. The fishery household population of Gyunggi fell by 71.6% from 5,800 individuals in 2000 to 1,600 in 2016, while that of Chungnam dropped only by 30.0% from 27,600 to 19,300. This article analyzes the Korean fishing industry for eight provinces: Gyunggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Kyungnam, Kyungbuk, and Jeju with the help of a shift-share model. It also aims to shed some light on the underlying factors. This shift-share analysis is carried out to identify the winners and the losers in the fishery sector market during the study period. Results show that none of the eight regions gain market share but the lead winners are Jeonnam and Jeonbuk that experience a competitive advantage. While the regional competitiveness explains most of the change to the fishery household population in Gyunggi, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Kyungnam, all of the three factors affect the regional fishery * 목포대학교 무역학과 교수 : (Dept of International Trade, Mokpo National University) ** 순천대학교 물류학과 교수 : (Dept of Logistics, Sunchon National University) *** 광주테크노파크 경영기획부 선임연구원 : (Dept of Management Planning, Gwangju Technopark) Corresponding Author : Kwang-Bae Lee, firstname.lastname@example.com, (Tel) +82-61-750-5112, (Fax) +82-61-750-5110 102 韓國島嶼硏究 第31卷 第1號 (2019年 4月) household populations in Kyungbuk, Gangwon and Jeju. This paper shows that the regional competitive effect is much more important than the national growth and industrial mix effects for the change in the fishery household populations supported by fisheries Key Words(핵심용어) : shift-share analysis(변이할당분석), fishery household population(어가인구), competitive advantage(경쟁우위), dynamic effect(동태적 효과), regional fishery competitive effect(지역어 업경쟁효과), national fishery structure effect(국가어업구조효과)


The number of drugs entering the US pharmaceutical market is at a low point. At the same time, demand for innovative therapeutic alternatives has been rising in numerous fields, including antibiotics for multidrug resistant organisms and drugs for tropical diseases prevalent in low-income settings. The growing gap between the need for new pharmaceuticals and their development and approval for use in clinical care has drawn the attention of policymakers from diverse sources, including academia, industry, and government. Federal initiatives have been proposed to stimulate drug development. Most suggestions target the intellectual property environment. In this legal framework, multiple features (e.g., the duration of exclusivity, expedited approval processes) have been identified as plausible levers for encouraging the development of health-promoting pharmaceuticals. Over the past three decades, prior reforms based on using these levers to incentivize drug development have been implemented with the backing of the pharmaceutical industry. This analysis critically reviews the origins of and outcomes from five well-known incentive programs with substantial influence on pharmaceutical research and development that use market exclusivity as a lever - the Bayh-Dole Act, the Hatch-Waxman Act, the Orphan Drug Act, the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, and the pediatric exclusivity extension. The findings suggest that using market exclusivity incentives to promote pharmaceutical innovation has both benefits and substantial problems for public health, including negative consequences for the patients these incentives are intended to help. Future legislative efforts aimed at encouraging investment in drug R&D should be more precisely designed to avoid waste and misuse, and should be linked to demonstration of positive public health outcomes. Without these limitations, offering exclusivity incentives in the pharmaceutical market may not be worth their public health risks.


Abstract Regularities of the temperature effect on yield strength of nanosized tungsten crystals are ascertained. Experimental values of the yield strength of nanoneedles in the direction [1 1 0] are obtained using the high-field technology at the temperature range 17,4–862 K. It is found that in this range, decrease in strength of tungsten nanoneedles is about 30%. So low, compared with ordinary single crystals, susceptibility of nanoneedles' strength to change in temperature is due to specific feature of mechanism of transition from elastic to plastic deformations in defect-free nanocrystals. To analyse this mechanism, molecular dynamic simulation of tensile of tungsten nanowire over the temperature range 3–2400 K has been utilized. The thermal fluctuation model of the temperature effect on the strength of nanosized crystals is offered.


SUMMARY This report presents the results of an economics component of the National Interdisciplinary Project (NIP) on wildlife tourism in Australia. Objectives of Study The main objectives of the study were: • to outline and assess the role that economics can play in the valuation and management of wildlife-based tourism; • to undertake appropriate case studies to highlight the value of economics and its limits in assessing wildlife tourism in each case; • given the importance of nature conservation for sustainable tourism, including for the sustainability of its economic value, take into account relevant environmental issues involved in wildlife tourism; and • to make recommendations on the basis of these studies that will help managers of wildlife tourism to sustain and/or increase its commercial or economic value.


NVESTIGATORS have recently used the fresh plant tissue as an I index of mineral nutrient deficiencies and excesses in the growing plant and have found a high correlation between the concentration of inorganic constituents in the conducting tissues and fertilizer treatment and yield (2 , 3 , 4, 5 , 8, 11, ~ 2 ) . ~ The analysis of fresh tissue has also been found useful in studying the effect of one nutrient on the rate of absorption of another and should be useful in determining the range in the concentration of a specific nutrient in relation to its deficiency or toxicity to a particular plant. The purpose of the present investigation has been to study the concentration of mineral nutrients in the fresh tissues of the peanut plant as an index of soil fertility and fertilizer requirements of the peanut. Under field conditions unbalanced relationships exist in plants with respect to the soluble mineral nutrient content. Deficiencies or excesses of one or more of the mineral constituents can be readily determined by proper selection of plant tissue and standardization of methods of analysis and the unbalanced conditions existing in young plants can be corrected by the proper fertilizer supplements. Methods of extraction and analysis of plant tissue, distribution of mineral elements within the peanut plant, and the effect of fertilizer supplements on unbalanced conditions within the peanut with respect to yield are presented in this paper.


Many studies have focused on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Galaxauraceae with the use of molecular markers, allied to morphological taxonomy, providing a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within the family, as well assisting with the specific delimitation. For the Brazilian coast, Galaxauraceae has few studies with morphological taxonomy, but lack studies with a molecular focus. The diversity of Galaxauraceae was assessed in northeastern Brazil (Bahia state) using rbcL and COI-5P, as well as morpho-anatomical analyses. We report four species from Brazil: Dichotomaria huismanii (the first report for the Brazilian coast), D. obtusata, Galaxaura rugosa, and Tricleocarpa fragilis. Molecular and morphological data supported the establishment of two new species for Galaxauraceae: Tricleocarpa laxa sp. nov. and Dichotomaria viridis sp. nov. Tricleocarpa laxa formed a well-supported clade sister to T. natalensis (South Africa, type locality) and T. cylindrica (Australia) in both rbcL and COI-5P analyses, whereas Dichotomaria viridis, formed a moderate clade sister to D. huismanii. The Brazilian sequences of D. huismanii grouped with sequences from the type locality (Bermuda) showing no intraspecific divergence for rbcL, and very low divergence values for COI-5P. The record of D. huismanii in Brazil expands its geographical distribution to the South Atlantic Ocean. Male plants are described for the first time for this species. Even though our results are restricted to a region of northeastern Brazil (Bahia), they clearly revealed a hidden diversity of Galaxauraceae in Brazil.


Although instruments that estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) are available, few include potential predictors of violent behaviors such as beliefs and attitudes. The main purpose of this study was to develop a measure of attitudes toward various forms of IPV. The secondary purpose was to examine Mexican American and non-Hispanic White college students' attitudes toward IPV. Data from a sample of 333 predominantly Mexican American (65%) college students were used to determine reliability and factor structure of the final 23-item scale. Principal factor analysis revealed three factors—Abuse, Control, and Physical Violence—with Cronbach alphas of .81, .69, and .70, respectively. The three subscales were positively intercorrelated, at levels that suggest good convergent and discriminate validity. The findings support the possible utility of the scales for predicting IPV. The study did not find significant differences in Mexican American and non-Hispanic White college students' attitudes toward IPV.


: Herein, we performed a comparative study of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of SnO 2 films using Sn(dmamp) 2 as the Sn source and either H 2 O plasma or O 2 plasma as the oxygen source in a wide temperature range of 100–300 ◦ C. Since the type of oxygen source employed in PEALD determines the growth behavior and resultant film properties, we investigated the growth feature of both SnO 2 PEALD processes and the various chemical, structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of SnO 2 films, depending on the oxygen source. SnO 2 films from Sn(dmamp) 2 / H 2 O plasma (SH-SnO 2 ) and Sn(dmamp) 2 / O 2 plasma (SO-SnO 2 ) showed self-limiting atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth behavior with growth rates of ~0.21 and 0.07–0.13 nm / cycle, respectively. SO-SnO 2 films showed relatively larger grain structures than SH-SnO 2 films at all temperatures. Interestingly, SH-SnO 2 films grown at high temperatures of 250 and 300 ◦ C presented porous rod-shaped surface morphology. SO-SnO 2 films showed good electrical properties, such as high mobility up to 27 cm 2 V − 1 · s − 1 and high carrier concentration of ~10 19 cm − 3 , whereas SH-SnO 2 films exhibited poor Hall mobility of 0.3–1.4 cm 2 V − 1 · s − 1 and moderate carrier concentration of 1 × 10 17 –30 × 10 17 cm − 3 . This may be attributed to the significant grain boundary and hydrogen impurity scattering.


The article examines the activities of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk military-industrial committee in 1915– 1917. Close attention to the object of study is determined by the fact that Ivanovo-Voznesensk was the center of the largest textile region in Russia, and the local military-industrial committee united enterprises with a total number of more than 30 thousand workers. On the basis of the analysis of the archival documents of the committee, the author comes to the conclusion that the sole direction of its activity was the supply of the army with military equipment: the production of grenade and shell cases, and the production of asphyxiant gas. For this, special enterprises (shell and phosgene plants) were founded, generously financed by the members of the Committee. They regularly carried out deliveries for the military department. On the other hand, the local textile enterprises, which fulfilled large defense orders for the supply of fabrics, found themselves outside the sphere of influence of the military-industrial committee. All factories received orders and reported on them independently. Based on this, the thesis is confirmed that the military-industrial committees were not monopolists in the distribution of military orders. Even the attempts of local manufacturers, with the help of the military-industrial committee, to ensure the allocation of additional labor, raw materials, fuel and equipment were not very successful. As a result, no more than 40 % of the capacities of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk textile industry were mobilized for "defense production". In addition, there is absolutely no trace of the role of the local military-industrial committee in the political organization of the bourgeoisie in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. This can be attributed to the fact that, on the one hand, the committee solved mainly economic problems, and, on the other hand — that the local bourgeoisie had other economic and political organizations that had operated long before the committee was created.


Analgesics are used in the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions. This paper discusses the elemental composition and concentration of analgesic drugs by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Physical basis of used analytical method, experimental set up and the procedure of sample preparation are presented. The complete results of this investigation are given in Table 1. The presence of C, O, Mg, Si, Cl, Ti, Fe, Na, S, Ni, P, K, Pd, Ca, Mn, Al, Crelements in analgesic drugs were found. The relative errors for results have been given 7 %. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a proven technique to determine the presence of various elements in analgesic drugs.


The demand of super high-rise building construction projects has recently been increasing in Korea and overseas. Estimating the budget for such projects is much more difficult than that for typical high-rise buildings. Super high-rise building construction projects generally involve more complicated structure for each floor and more various design conditions for interior and exterior finishes given a facility composition ratio. Consequently, it encompasses numerous design condition changes from the initial design development phase. This results in the difficulty in the prediction of appropriate construction budget due to frequent changes of design conditions and customer demands. The purpose of this research is to suggest an approximate estimation process and system that assists the construction engineers in decision making on-site, focusing on the exterior finish work that accounts for fifteen percent of the overall construction cost of super high-rise buildings. It is expected that the proposed approximate estimation process and system contributes to the decision making of the construction engineers by examining and comparing the appropriateness of the construction costs for each proposed design alternative as well as making it easier the estimation of the increase of decrease in the construction cost (cost over-runs) due to the changes of customer demands and design conditions from the initial design phase. Additionally, the finding of this study, i.e. the proposed approximate estimation system for the cost of exterior finish work of super high-rise buildings, is hoped to enhance the understanding of the details of the estimation process and provide more reliable estimation results faster than the traditional method.


This paper presents a new and reliable battery state estimation method for Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries used in portable applications. The proposed method performs the following two basic functions. The first one determines battery state, detecting deteriorated batteries. The second one guarantees a safe fast-charge without negative effects on battery life, analyzing the previous charge state of the battery. Due to this easily implemented method, effective and universal NiCd/NiMH battery fast-chargers can be obtained by using few and inexpensive components.


Jumbo phage can isolated by two different methods and protocols. It depends on size, phage species, substrate sources, environment, media and tools. Each method has positive and negative results within each factors. The research aimed to determine the suitable protocol to isolated the jumbo phages from winter grass soil during winter conditions, utilizing two main protocols, the enrichment protocol and non-enrichment protocol. In Sequent, research was conducted with several steps, including bacterial isolation, jumbo phage isolation, plaque test in Escherichia coli colony, bacterial genus identification, phage test in soil bacteria, protocol evaluation, DNA extraction and electrophoresis. Based on the plaque size and plaque total, each protocol did not significantly differ on plaque total among the E. coli or each isolated soil bacteria. On the E. coli test, the plaque total average was 65 plaque, nor 45 plaque emerge on each isolated soil bacteria. The significant difference on each protocol were on the clarity of plaque. Based on visual observation, the plaques with enrichment protocol are clearer. It was obvious that the isolation of jumbo phage from the winter grass during winter conditions can be done without the enrichment protocol. It can isolated with standard isolation protocol.


Small, modestly funded and resourced schools can be disadvantaged by limited access to information and communication technology (ICT). This chapter outlines a two-year project conducted in six small special schools located in metropolitan and rural communities. The project was designed to increase the participating schools' ICT capabilities and promote the use of technology to deliver the curriculum in efficient and appealing ways to their students with a diversity of intellectual and behavioral difficulties. An ICT specialist supported the schools over the course of the project and promoted the introduction of Universal Design for Learning. At the conclusion of the project all schools had made notable gains in acquiring state-of-the-art technology. Teachers and students had become capable and enthusiastic users of hardware and a range of operating and educational software.


Nowadays, the vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) have been widely applied in the generator protective system and the medium voltage distribution and utilization power system. During the breaking process of the VCBs, the metal vapor arc plasma is inevitably generated and influences the dynamic and static insulation performance, dielectric recovery property and interrupting performance. In this paper, for analyzing the interaction of the electro-magnetic field with the metal vapor arc for the VCBs, three-dimensional magnetic field computation has been modeled and simulated for different contact structure, and the influence of the electrode contour on the axial magnetic field variation with the breaking process has been obtained and quantitively illustrated. Moreover, based on the comparison of different contact structure of AC VCB, the rational static and movable contact structure with magnetic field control scheme has been given out for improving the magnetic flow capability. And the corresponding vacuum arc test has been performed based on the established short-circuit current test system based on the IEC standard. During the vacuum arc experiment under the short-circuit current interrupting condition, intruding the experimental circuit, permanent magnet repulsion mechanism control system and high-speed image acquisition system into the whole system.


Low awareness and underdeveloped instruments evaluating elderly Malaysians' well-being, social support, and independence necessitate lubben social network scale (LSNS), social provisions scale (SPS), Katz activities of daily living (ADL), and life satisfaction index (LSI) development and evaluation involving 201 60-year-old males and females (purposive samples) in Kuching and Bintulu participated (June to August 2022). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) examined the construct validity of LSNS, SPS, Katz ADL, and LSI, whereas principal axis factoring (paf) and orthogonal (varimax) rotation with Kaiser Normalisation validated their psychometric properties and internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Social integration (0.94), reassurance of worth (0.91), attachment (0.90), sense of reliable alliance (0.78), and guidance (0.74) have eigenvalues >1 in the SPS-10 EFA; good Cronbach's alpha reliability values. Family (0.77) and friends (0.73) of LSNS-6 factors have eigenvalues >1, good Cronbach's alpha reliability values. Acceptance-contentment (0.87) and Achievement-fulfilment (0.72) had eigenvalues >1 in the Life Satisfaction Index-Z EFA, good Cronbach's alpha reliability values. In the EFA of Katz ADL, single items with factor loadings ≥0.5: bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, and feeding; loadings <0.3: Continence; Cronbach's alpha reliability value was 0.95. LSNS, SPS, Katz ADL, and LSI were valid and reliable instruments measuring elderly well-being, social support, and independence. Confirmatory factor analyses will revalidate it in different populations.


[Extract] Calcification of the coronary arteries is associated with cardiovascular end-point, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death.1
Techniques for quantifying vascular calcification in patients, particularly in arteries outside the chest, are not routinely available.2 In this prospective study, we examined whether CT angiography (CTA) could be used to
reproducibly measure severity of infrarenal abdominal aortic calcification. The study involved 50 consecutive patients undergoing aortic CTA for investigation of peripheral vascular disease or aortic aneurysm in 3 stages.
For the initial 14 patients, sequential plain and contrast-enhanced CT were obtained and then analyzed on a workstation using 5 different thresholds to define aortic calcification. The calcification volumes were assessed using a number of nonparametric statistical tests to compare
clinical measurements to define the most appropriate threshold by which calcification should be measured on CTA by comparison with CT. For the next 24 patients, CTA alone was obtained and analyzed with the threshold defined as optimal from part 1 of the study. The calcification volume measurements were performed by one observer using three different workstation protocols: (1) manual threshold setting without image magnification, (2) manual threshold setting with twice image magnification, and (3) automatic threshold setting with twice image magnification. To assess the most appropriate protocol, the readings were repeated on a second occasion 24 hours apart by the same observer, and the intraobserver reproducibility was assessed by nonparametric statistical tests. Having defined the most appropriate thresholds and workstation settings to analyze the calcification volume on CTA, the interobserver reproducibility of calcification volume measurements was analyzed on the next 12 consecutive patients undergoing CTA and compared with those for CT (using the first cohort of patients).


In this study we have tested the ability of a standard DFT computational protocol to reproduce the experimentally obtained stereoselectivity of 26 different C2-symmetric zirconocene catalysts active in propylene polymerization. The catalysts were chosen for their relevance in metallocene catalyzed polymerization of propylene. To this end, primary insertion of both si- and re-propylene enantiofaces into the Zr-CH2-CH(CH3)2 bond was considered to simulate the growing chains step. The energy difference between these two transition states, ΔEre-si, was taken as a measure of the stereoselectivity (pentad: mmmm%) of different catalysts. The results clearly indicated that there was a good agreement between ΔEre-si and the mmmm% values, so that greater ΔEre-si could correspond to higher mmmm%. A model was fitted to the experimentally obtained mmmm% against theoretical ΔEre-si. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the resultant plot was 0.9793, which indicated a good accuracy of the model. Finally, to quantify the steric role of the studied ligands in the observed stereoselectivity, the analysis of the buried volume (VBur) and of the steric maps was performed for two representative complexes. The images revealed that a greater asymmetric localization of the %VBur around the metal center led to a higher mmmm% in the resultant polymer.


Hyperlip idemia is co mmonly associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS). We have investigated lipoprotein (a) (LP (a)) level and other lipid abnormalit ies in Saudi children with primary nephrotic syndrome (steroid sensitive and steroid resistant NS). Thirty eight children with primary nephrotic syndrome who were fo llo wed up at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah were recruited for the study on second half of 2009. Their mean age ± SD =8.76± 3.8 years. They were classified into group 1; steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), group 2; steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in remission (SRNS®), group 3; SRNS not in remission , and compared them with 27 controls of normal ch ild ren. Seru m creat inine, seru m albumin and fasting serum lipids were measured in all patients. In addition urine protein was measured on the same day of b lood samples. There was a significant increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations in SRNS as co mpared to controls, SSNS and SRNS®. All groups showed a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels . There was a significant increase in LP (a) level (P < 0.001) in SRNS group and in SSNS group (P< 0.05) compared to control group. However, a non significant increase (p =0.06) was observed in SRNS® group. No significant changes were observed in apoprotein A 1 (Apo AI) and Apo B levels between group 1, group 2, g roup 3 and the control group. In the SRNS group; there was positive correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL and trig lyceride and Apo B. There was negative correlat ion between cholesterol and albu min, triglyceride and albu min and LDL and albu min. In conclusion, SRNS in ch ild ren was associated with high LP (a) and dyslipidemia which was not completely normalized in children who achieved remission.


Context Most Brazilian beef breeding programs perform selection for young bodyweight, which will inevitably increase mature weight due to the genetic correlation among weights at different ages. Aims The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for bodyweight from birth to maturity in Gir, Guzerat, Nelore and Caracu cows born between 1981 and 2014 at Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Instituto de Zootecnia, Sertaozinho, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods The model included the fixed effects of contemporary group (herd and year of birth), month of birth and previous reproductive status (calved = 1, or not calved = 0), the linear and quadratic effects of animal and cow age as covariates, and direct additive genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects as random effects. The genetic parameters were estimated by univariate analysis of weights adjusted at birth, and at 120, 210, 378, 450 and 550 days of age, and annually from 2 to 10 years. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed considering weights at birth, and at 210 and 550 days, and at 5 years of age for all breeds. Key results For the different breeds, the heritability estimates ranged from 0.28 to 0.49 for birthweight, from 0.11 to 0.31 for weaning weight, from 0.25 to 0.43 for yearling weight, and from 0.25 to 0.69 for weights from 2 to 10 years of age. The genetic correlations were high and positive, indicating that selection at any age will affect weights at the other ages. Conclusions The results suggest the possibility of genetic progress for weights at different ages and the use of the young weights to monitor the mature weight of the animals. Implications As the trait most strongly correlated with mature weight was yearling weight, already used as the selection criteria for females in the breeding program of the Instituto de Zootecnia, selection indexes should be derived to keep the mature cow weight constant, since heavier cows could be undesirable for pasture-based Brazilian production systems.


The present study was undertaken to provide data on the distribution of bryophytes in the acid-neutral water system together with the water chemistry and chemical composition of the bryophyte shoots. The approach was to combine field observations with the analysis of samples, using newly developed analytical techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis


This project researched and developed a miniaturized antenna by increasing the width of the folded arm and designing the bend structure of the arm. HFSS software is used for the main process of simulation design and optimization. The simulation and the experimental results showed that the input impedance is 18.3305 +j* 196.1702Ω, which is nearly conjugate-matched up the SL3ICS1202 G2XL chip with impedance of 24-j* 195Ω at 915MHz. Its total size is 33mm ×67 mm ×3 mm, bandwidth is 66 MHz, gain is -8.7848dB and the efficiency is 0.17106. It meets the demands of miniaturization, low cost and the input impedance conjugate matching.


This research addresses scheduling problem of n jobs on a Hybrid Flow Shop (HFS) with unrelated parallel machines in each stage. A monolithic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is presented to minimize the maximum completion time (makespan). As the research problem is shown to be strongly NP-hard, a Lagrangian relaxation (LR) algorithm is developed to handle the HFS scheduling problem. We design two approaches, simplification of subproblems and dominance rules, to solve the subproblems which are generated in each iteration. For evaluation purposes, numerical experiments with small and large size problems are randomly generated with up to 50 jobs and four stages. The experimental results show that the Lagrangian relaxation approaches outperform the MILP model with respect to CPU time. Furthermore, from the results, it can be conclude that the simplification of subproblems shows slightly better solutions in comparison with dominance rules to solve the subproblems.


Background:
 High-density lipoproteins (HDL) is presumed to exhibit cardiovascular protection, since HDL mediate the reverse transport of cholesterol and exhibit strong anti-inflammatory potential. Previous studies have found that HDL can reduce the level of IL-8 secreted by the inflammatory adipocytes, as well as affect the expression of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) under the inflammatory condition in adipocytes. These studies indicate that HDL is closely related to the inflammatory response of adipose tissue, yet its mechanism has not been fully understood. Secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a nonglycosylated single-chain polypeptide protein, may play an important role in diet-induced obesity and adipocyte inflammation.

 Purpose:
 To study the role of SLPI in HDL anti-inflammatory action in the adipocytes, and explore the mechanism of the action.

 Methods:
 3T3-L1 Adipocytes were induced to differentiation and maturation by culturing. Acute inflammation in adipocytes was induced by LPS (100 ng/ml, 6h), and then the adipocytes were pretreated with HDL and/or SLPI-siRNA. The protein and mRNA levels of SLPI, TNF-α and JNK were examined by Western blotting and qRT-PCR assay, respectively. In addition, the levels of inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA.

 Results:
 HDL up-regulated SLPI expression, down-regulated TNF-α expression, and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes pre-treated by LPS. Silencing of SLPI by its siRNA effectively abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of HDL. JNK inhibitor (SP600125) partially restored the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL decreased by SLPI knockdown and decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors.

 Conclusions:
 These data suggest that HDL up-regulate the expression of SLPI and inhibit the inflammation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes pre-treated by LPS. The anti-inflammatory effect of HDL, including inhibition of the secretion of inflammatory factors via TNF-α/JNK signaling pathway, probably viat up-regulating the SLPI expression.

 Key words:
 high-density lipoprotein, Inflammation, Adipocytes


Fact projection is realized as a fact noun followed by an appositive clause. In this article, we conducted a corpus-based study of the modality of fact nouns. It is found that proposal facts tend to occur more in formal academic texts than proposition facts because the higher obligation that proposal facts construe does not fit into the interpersonal communication purpose in informal spoken texts. It is also found that modalized proposition facts are more prevalent in formal academic texts than non-modalized proposition facts because modalized proposition facts can lower the negotiability and the risk of rejection from readers in academic texts. These findings reveal how nominalization trigger the reenactment of interpersonal relationship in fact projection so the modality becomes salient and persuasive. The modality realized by fact nouns also contributes to the abstraction, objectification and reliability in academic writing.


Anthea Coster is a staff member at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory where she works in the satellite tracking program at the Millstone Hill Radar. She received a BA in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin and an MS and PhD in space physics and astronomy from Rice University. Arthur Niell is a research scientist at the M.I.T. Haystack Observatory specializing in geodetic measurements using GPS and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). He received a BS in physics from Caltech and a PhD in applied physics from Cornell University.


ABSTRACT The present work focuses on the production and identification of microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with antimicrobial properties from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S13 newly isolated from the brown alga Zonaria tournefortii. For this purpose, strain isolated was grown on Luria–Bertani culture medium with 15‰ (w/v) NaCl, with an initial pH 7.2 at 30°C for 48 h under continuous agitation at 180 rpm. The VOCs were sequentially extracted from the supernatant containing extracellular compounds by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main volatile compounds identified are 13-epi-manoyl oxide (29.39%), manool (17.39%), 15,16-dinorlabd-8(20)-en-13-one (13.17%), labda-8(17),13Z-dien-15-ol (9.51%) and 3α-hydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide (5.26%) belonging to the labdane-type diterpenes class. Other compounds representing different chemical classes were also identified in the chemical composition. The produced volatile fraction was tested in vitro on antimicrobial activity and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against pathogenic microorganisms were estimated. The results indicated that among the tested microorganisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (24 ± 0.3 mm; MIC = 64 μg/mL) was the most susceptible to volatile fraction followed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (20 ± 0.5 mm; MIC = 128 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtilis (18 ± 0.8 mm; MIC = 128 μg/mL).


Upcoming applications like indoor navigation, 3D object recognition or autonomously driving vehicles have increased the demand for high-resolution 3D LIDAR systems. The time of flight (TOF) technique for distance measurement in combination with a scanning system requires a beam source with low divergence and high peak power in pulse operation. The detailed application and its operating distance define the output peak power. Furthermore, the needed distance and lateral resolution leads to a maximum pulse length and beam divergence of the light source. Parameters like wavelength, pulse shapes and repetition rates can be derived from the interaction between source, receiver and environmental conditions of the LIDAR system. For a scanning 3D-LIDAR system for consumer or autonomous applications with a working distance of 1-200m, a diffraction-limited beam with pulses in the nanosecond regime is needed. The external cavity of VECSELs allows decreasing the divergence and simultaneously increasing the active area and as a result, the maximum output power. By using electrically pumped VECSELs in a modulated operation, one can achieve the demanded pulse conditions. Low duty-cycle operation allows using significant higher peak current pulses and generating much higher optical peak pulses by pushing the thermal rollover point to higher currents. The external cavity as well as the combination between electronic driver and VECSEL design shows a significant influence on pulse shape and limits the overall performance. This paper will show a first prototype of electrically pumped VECSEL for LIDAR applications and different measurements and investigations of electrically pumped VECSELs in short pulse operations by electrical modulation.


Patients look to physicians not only to prevent and treat disease, but also to alleviate pain and suffering. Pain is the most common complaint among patients seen in the emergency department.1 A widely held belief is that codeine is a powerful and effective analgesic. The classic therapeutic regimen, endorsed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Pain Management, is to begin with nonopiate analgesia and to add opiate therapy if the level of pain control proves to be inadequate.2 The most common prepackaged combination therapy is codeine with acetaminophen (Tylenol #3 or #4).3 The underlying theory of this plan is that using 2 drugs with different mechanisms of action will, in essence, attack the problem from 2 sides. Unfortunately, studies have shown that this combination is at best only slightly more efficacious than nonopiate analgesia alone and results in a greatly increased number of adverse side effects.

In a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 29 published trials, de Craen and colleagues examined the change in both efficacy and safety when codeine was added to paracetamol (acetaminophen) for the relief of pain.4 Multiple reviewers were used to assess all studies, and 13 predefined methodologic criteria were applied to assess the quality of each trial. Pain intensity and relief were quantified through visual analog scales. In most studies, 60 mg of codeine was administered; the dosage of paracetamol ranged from 400 to 1,000 mg. Results of the pooled analysis of the 19 single-dose trials showed that adding codeine leads to an increase in analgesic effect of only 5%, as measured by the sum peak intensity difference, and produces similar results in peak pain-intensity difference, total pain relief, and peak pain relief. While the single-dose studies showed a similar incidence of side effects between the 2 groups (pooled rate ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.8-1.4), multidose studies showed a significant increase in side effects when codeine was added (pooled rate ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.5-3.5).

Boreau et al reported similar findings from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study in which they compared the use of acetaminophen (400 mg) plus codeine (25 mg) with aspirin (1000 mg) and with placebo in the treatment of acute migraine headache in 198 patients.5 Response was measured with a visual analog scale in which a patient was asked to mark the intensity of his or her pain on a 100-mm line where 0 is "no pain" and 100 is "worst possible pain." Baseline pain levels ranged from 55.9 to 59.6. Two hours after treatment was administered, the mean pain scores were 36.6 and 39.3 for aspirin and for acetaminophen plus codeine, respectively, with a placebo value of 53.8. Side-effect profiles were similar in the 2 treatment arms of this study.

Analgesic combinations with hydrocodone bitratrate appear to be more effective than those with codeine. Palangio et al performed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study in which 429 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1- or 2-tablet doses of a hydrocodone (7.5 mg) plus ibuprofen (200 mg) combination or a 2-tablet dose of a codeine (30 mg) plus acetaminophen (300 mg) combination.6 Patients who received the 2-tablet hydrocodone plus ibuprofen treatment reported greater daily pain relief than those who received either of the other 2 combinations. In addition, patients receiving codeine were more likely to stop therapy because of side effects.

The myth that codeine is a potent and efficacious analgesic must be exposed so that clinicians can make more rational choices when managing and treating pain.


Abstract Tunable antennas have become research hotspots due to their applicability and practicability. To get rid of complex peripheral facilities, a novel design featuring an efficient actuating strategy by liquid-gas phase transition is proposed, which consists of liquid metal embedded in soft polymer and alcohol stored above a ceramic heater. By simply applying voltage on the heater to induce evaporation of working medium, there appears a sharp increasement in internal pressure, which pushes the liquid metal antenna continuously from planar to tridimensional state. Both the experimental and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the actuating strategy to adjust the antenna configuration.


Oil and fat industry is one of the important sectors of the food industry. Salomas (Hydrogenated oil) for food and technical purposes are the main components of margarine products, toilet, household soaps, various technological lubricants, cosmetic creams and can be used as valuable chemical raw materials. Objective: ox work is to study the effect of the amount of catalyst on the hydrogenation of cottonseed oil by chromatographic analysis of the resulting salomas. It is confirmed that an increase in the amount of the catalyst from 0.05 to 0.4% percent increases the melting point of salomas and reduces the iodine number, which confirms the known pattern of hydrogenation. Studies on the hydrogenation of cottonseed oil with various amounts of N-820 catalyst have established the possibility of reducing the content of transisomers of fats to 30.1%, increasing the melting point from 28.2 to 43.2 degree C and hardness to 500 g/cm.


PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to examine the general and travel-specific job exhaustion of international business travelers (IBTs). The study employs a JD-R model to explain general and travel-specific job exhaustion (IBTExh) through international business travel as demand and leadership (LMX) as a resource buffering the demands of international business travel.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted among Finnish service company employees who had taken at least one international business trip during the previous year. The data (N = 569), collected in 2015, were analyzed with path models.FindingsThe results suggest that a higher number of international business travel days is related to a higher level of job exhaustion, especially the exhaustion related to international business travel. Moreover, a high-quality LMX was found to be linked to lower levels of both types of exhaustion. Interestingly, for those IBTs' with a low-quality LMX, even a high number of long-haul international business travel days was not connected with IBTExhOriginality/valueThe contribution of our study is threefold. First, this study contributes to JD-R theory and the ill-health process by focusing on a job-specific well-being indicator, IBTExh, in addition to general exhaustion. Second, specific job demands related to international business travel, particularly the duration of business travel spent in short-haul and long-haul destinations, contributes to the literature on global mobility. This study sheds light on the potential effects on IBTs of different types of business travel. Third, our study contributes to the leadership literature and the importance of acknowledging the context in which LMX occurs.


A set of electromagnetic induction and skin effect experiments on the electrical wire are designed,which can be used to observe the phenomenon of common mode interference of electrified wire and coaxial cable.The high frequency electromagnetic induction apparatus of current carrying conductor skin effect is observed by self-made high frequency comprehensive experimental instrument,and a series resonance is used to measure the increase of good conductor loss resistance with increasing frequency,which is induced by the skin effect.It can be further confirmed that the electromagnetic induction phenomenon can give rise to the skin effect.Meanwhile,we also verify the energy radio transmission of electromagnetic induction,the series of experiments mentioned above should give us better understanding of the principle and effect of electromagnetic induction.


Question Does the combination of a lifestyle intervention (LSI) and metformin reduce antipsychotic-induced weight gain more than either intervention alone in schizophrenia? Methods Design Randomized placebo-controlled trial. Allocation Concealed.* Blinding Blinded (data collectors, {patients, data analysts, safety committee, and manuscript writers}).* Follow-up period 12 weeks. Setting Schizophrenia outpatient clinic in China. Patients 128 patients 18 to 45 years of age (mean age 26 y, 50% men) who were diagnosed with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia, gained >10% of predrug weight in year 1 of antipsychotic treatment (clozapine, olanzapine, sulpiride, or risperidone), were taking only 1 antipsychotic with 25% change in dose in the past 3 months, first attended the clinic or were discharged from an inpatient unit <1 year before enrollment, had relatively stable improvement (Positive and Negative Symptom Scale total score 60), and had an adult caregiver who could monitor adherence. Exclusion criteria were liver or renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, history of substance abuse, pregnancy or lactation, inability to perform the LSI, and psychiatric diagnoses other than schizophrenia. Intervention Metformin, 250 mg/d for 4 days, then 750 mg/d (n =32); placebo (n =32); LSI plus metformin (combination, n =32); or LSI plus placebo (n =32), for 12 weeks. The LSI had psychoeducational, dietary, and exercise components. Outcomes Included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting insulin level, and insulin resistance index. Patient follow-up 92% completed the study (100% in the intention-to-treat analysis). Main results Groups differed for all outcomes (Table), and each treatment group was better than placebo (P <0.001). Metformin had better outcomes than LSI (P <0.01), and the combination had better weight-related outcomes than metformin or LSI (P <0.05) and better insulin outcomes than LSI (P <0.001). The combination and metformin did not differ for insulin outcomes. Conclusion In patients with schizophrenia, metformin plus a lifestyle intervention was better than placebo or either intervention alone for antipsychotic-associated weight gain. Comparisons of metformin, lifestyle intervention (LSI), metformin + LSI, and placebo in patients with schizophrenia Outcomes at 12 wk Mean difference from baseline (95% CI) Overall P value Metformin Placebo LSI + metformin LSI + placebo Body mass index 1.2 (1.5 to 0.9) 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) 1.8 (2.3 to 1.3) 0.5 (0.8 to 0.3) <0.001 Waist circumference, cm 1.3 (1.5 to 1.1) 2.2 (1.7 to 2.8) 2.0 (2.4 to 1.5) 0.1 (0.5 to 0.7) <0.001 Insulin level, IU/mL 12.7 (15.3 to 10.2) 2.1 (1.0 to 3.2) 13.9 (17.1 to 10.8) 2.7 (4.3 to 1.1) <0.001 Insulin resistance index 3.5 (4.4 to 2.7) 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) 3.6 (4.5 to 2.7) 1.0 (1.5 to 0.5) <0.001 Commentary Wu and colleagues evaluated treatment for weight gain induced by atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) in patients with schizophrenia who had gained >10% of premorbid weight. They found better results with metformin plus LSI than with metformin or LSI alone. The authors reported mean dose for, and number of patients taking, each AAP. Some AAPs (e.g., clozapine and olanzapine) have greater potential to cause weight gain than others (e.g., aripiprazol or ziprasidone) (1). A comparison across treatments of patients receiving the same AAP would be of interest; however, the small sample size does not allow for such an analysis. In addition, the reported mean daily doses of AAPs were considerably lower than those usually used for patients with schizophrenia in Western countries, even in clinically stable patients. In my clinical experience, daily doses of 115 mg clozapine, 5.9 mg olanzapine, and 2.7 mg risperidone often fail to induce clinical stabilization, and in many cases, treatment with multiple AAPs is needed. Perhaps racial differences in drug metabolism allowed patients in this trial to achieve effective plasma levels with low AAP doses; however, this would limit the generalizability of the results to clinical populations in other countries. Finally, although the study provides evidence that metformin combined with a psychoeducational, dietary, and exercise LSI is appropriate for some patients with antipsychotic-associated weight gain, implementation of both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic preventive measures should be a basic element of treatment schedules. In any case, metformin would be an appropriate option from the start of treatment for some patients (e.g., those who are overweight, hypertensive, or prediabetic).


Computational intelligence paradigms can be used for advanced manufacturing system optimisation. A static simulation model of an advanced manufacturing system was developed in order to simulate a manufacturing system. The purpose of this advanced manufacturing system was to mass-produce a customisable product range at a competitive cost. The aim of this study was to determine whether this new algorithm could produce a better performance than traditional optimisation methods. The algorithm produced a lower cost plan than that for a simulated annealing algorithm, and had a lower impact on the workforce.


History has bequeathed us many artists' journals. These dialogues with the private self have provided us with crucial reflections about the inner nature of individual artists and their works; in addition they offer testimony about the times during which these journals were kept. The "voice" of the journal ranges from the philosophical expansiveness of Leonardo's great Notebooks—crammed with arcane speculations about virtually the entirety of Renaissance art and science—to the meticulous brevity of Pontormo, interspersing notations about his daily meals with progress reports about his work on the frescoes for the choir of San Lorenzo: "Wednesday the torso and at night I had no supper/Thursday the arm and at night I had an omelet."


RNA was isolated from various mouse tissues 126 days after the injection of 14C‐uridine and 37 days after the injection of 3H‐uridine. Calculations based on a small but definite residual amount of 14C‐labeled RNA suggest the existence of an RNA with a half‐life in excess of 10 days. Independent calculations based on the ratio of 3H and 14C dpm in chromatographically isolated UMP suggest a minimum half‐life of about 30 days.


A procedure of experimental evaluation of the durability of ZhS6U superalloy under the joint impact of thermomechanical and vibration loads in conditions of non-isothermal loading is developed using Coffin models. A test facility providing an ultrasonic monitoring of the kinetics of cyclic elastoplastic deformation is developed and implemented. Superposition of additional high frequency loads is shown to result in significant reduction ofthe thermal cycling durability of the alloy.


Background: Non-‐communicable diseases are diseases of longer period and are increasing. This study was intended to find out the proportion of adolescents having modifiable life style associated risk factors.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 15 pre-‐university colleges (PUC) of Udupi taluk, which were randomly selected, a class from each PUC was randomly chosen. WHO stepwise approach was used to collect data. A total of 838 adolescents in the age group 15 to 19 years were included. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 15. Chi square test was used to find the association.
Results: Current smoking was found in 1.67% of the participants. Nearly 16.94% participants were exposed to second hand smoke. About 2.15% of the participants were current alcohol drinkers. Junk food consumption was found in 64.08% of the participants. About 89.86% of the participants were physically inactive. Nearly 31.98% of the participants reported adding extra salt to the diet.
Conclusion: The behavioural risk factors investigated in the present study are potentially modifiable; identifying subgroups having one or multiple risk factors at an early age is of extreme importance for preventing risk of acquiring chronic diseases in adult life.


In hepatic granuloma, identification of lipogranulomas generally leads to etiological diagnosis. The case reported here was granulomatosis due to mineral oil ingestion, revealed by prolonged fever. In the literature lipogranulomas are generally asymptomatic and diagnosed at autopsy.


This paper deals with experimental works and analysis for influence of stator slot number on performance of interior PM (IPM) motor. First, for a conventional 6-pole IPM rotor, stators with 18, 27 and 36 slots satisfied with same required and restricted conditions are designed. And then, performances and parameters of each IPM motor such as cogging torque, torque ripple, d- and q- axis inductance, total harmonic distortion (THD) of back-emf, etc. are investigated using 2-d finite element analyses (FEA). Finally, test results such as d- and q- axis inductance, back-emf and efficiency measurements are given to confirm analysis results. It is concluded from the results obtained by this work that the influence of stator slot number on IPM motor behavior is very significant.