In this talk, we will propose a filter-integrated method to improve the stability of the radiation patterns of the compact planar UWB antenna, especially increasing the broadside realized gain values at the higher portion of the UWB frequency range. As is known, with the rapid development of UWB technology for commercial communication applications, many practical applications, such as portable devices, high-accuracy positioning systems, cognitive radios and so on, require constant realized gains in a specified direction. However, the radiation pattern degradation in the upper portion of the UWB frequency range is a serious defect of the planar designs.


ABSTRACT: This study examines the association between corporate governance and disclosures of material weaknesses (MW) in internal control over financial reporting. We study this association using MW reported under Sarbanes‐Oxley Sections 302 and 404, deriving data on audit committee financial expertise from automated parsing of member qualifications from their biographies. We find that a lower likelihood of disclosing Section 404 MW is associated with relatively more audit committee members having accounting and supervisory experience, as well as board strength. Further, the nature of MW varies with the type of experience. However, these associations are not detectable using Section 302 reports. We also find that MW disclosure is associated with designating a financial expert without accounting experience, or designating multiple financial experts. We conclude that board and audit committee characteristics are associated with internal control quality. However, this association is only observable under th...


From the branches of Schoepfia jasminodora collected in Okinawa, three new dihydrochalcone C-glycosides, one dihydrochalcone di-O-glucopyranoside, two flavanone C-glycosides, one flavanone O-glycoside and one flavone O-glycoside were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by extensive study of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data.


This paper compares the macroeconomic and welfare performances of the currency union against those from the independent managed floating regime using a two open-country DSGE model with the foreign currency denomination of private debt. The model is calibrated on the average data from the five founding members of the ASEAN and the performance of regimes is assessed under the effects of supply and demand shocks. We find that the macroeconomic and welfare performances of the ASEAN economies under the independent managed floating regimes are comparable to those under a currency union. This is explained by the stability of the intra-regional nominal exchange rates arising from the similarity of policy rules under the independent managed floating regimes. Our findings suggest that the choice of exchange rate targeting regimes with coordinated policies for the ASEAN countries would be an effective way to move towards a currency union.


A numerical procedure based on a fully implicit finite difference method for an inverse problem of identification of an unknown source in a heat equation is presented. The approach of the proposed method is to approximate unknown function from the solution of the minimisation problem based on the overspecified data. This problem is ill-posed, in the sense that the solution (if it exist) does not depend continuously on the data. To regularise this ill-conditioned, we apply the Tikhonov regularisation 0th, 1st and 2nd method to obtain the stable numerical approximation to the solution. A stability analysis shows that this numerical scheme approximation is unconditionally stable. Numerical results for two inverse source identification problems show that the proposed numerical algorithm is simple, accurate, stable and computationally efficient.


A long time ago, digitization has proven that it will help mankind. Rapid development and quality of digital equipment has helped to define actions and our daily chores and to improve them in the workplace including noise and vibrations. Kosovo is rich with coal electrical energy and fuel produces coal, for total extraction of coal per year, which projected 9.5 x 106 t / year of coal, this amount meets the needs of PP "Kosova A " and points "Kosova B " which later is put into operation in 1983 with a capacity of 2x339 MW. Existing coal reserves are sufficient for the needs of Kosovo. Two power plants Kosovo A and Kosovo B and the supply of coal created a big bang for the community living near the two power plants. By 2016, the total thickness of the earth will increase, which should reactivate the devices to remove excess heights. During this period of the earth measures cornice in the empty spaces in both White and Mirash mines. In this period they will relocate villagers and Shipitulle East Mirena. Within the period 2018-2022, the thickness of the earth will rise throughout the front so it will create a big noise and this noise should be measured and fingerlings that noise exceeding permissible standard settings, then around mine sites. They must leave eventually. The purposes of the scientific paper are the measurement of noise of the digital appliances that are hauled F- 1680 and analyze the extracted coal mine, where the mining of large appliances are hauled key. The method of measurement is made with digital device called FONOMETR device type 1680, Japanese production which serves for the measurement of noise and vibrations. Results and analysis are made noise throughout the mine location with 162 measurement points which are presented by diagrams and tables. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p299


Phenols were determined by gas chromatograph(GC) in industrial waste water at the range of pH 4—5 with bromine,which used ascorbic acid as the reducing agent in derivation,and mixed solvent extraction.The phenols included phenol,o-cresol,m-cresol,the four phenol cresol,dihydric phenol and trihydric phenol.The recovery rate was in the range of 86.0%—98.1%,and the values of RSD were in the range of 4.5%—7.3%.


Career and technical education (also known as vocational education) has been in existence since at least the 19th century as a means of preparing students for employment. However, for much of the 20th century, it also has served to segregate students, even after such segregation was deemed illegal. Robert Kim describes the legal history of career and technical education (CTE). Although many of today's CTE programs show positive outcomes for students of historically marginalized backgrounds, policy makers and education leaders must understand how CTE programs differ across communities and be prepared to apply new understandings of equity to these programs.


The effect of increased uncertainty on the agent's allocation decision is an intriguing general question and has recently received some systematic attention in the literature. Sandmo has analyzed the effect of savings rate uncertainty on the savings decision and both he and Leland have explored the effect of "income uncertainty" on the same decision. In addition, Leland has investigated the effects of uncertainty on optimal foreign exchange positions and both authors, Leland and Sandmo have begun an exploration of the effects of uncertain demand on the firm's output decision. Finally, Block and Heineke have analyzed the effect of income, savings rate, and wage uncertainty on the agent's labour allocation. However, in all of this work there has not been a geometric treatment of even a restricted case. The purpose of this note is to develop such an analysis for a special, but interesting labour allocation problem, and thereby derive the results of income uncertainty in a transparent fashion.


On a way of structural analysis of total N-glycans linked to glycoproteins in royal jelly (Kimura, Y. et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 64, 2109-2120 (2000), Kimura, M. et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 66, 1985-1989 (2002)), we found that some complex type N-glycans containing a β1-3galactose residue occur on the insect glycoproteins. Up to date, it has been considered that naturally occurring insect glycoproteins do not bear the galactose-containing N-glycans, therefore, in this report we describe the structural analysis of the complex type N-glycans of royal jelly glycoproteins. By a combination of endo- and exo-glycosidase digestions, IS-MS analysis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, the structures of the β1-3 galactose-containing N-glycan were identified as the following; GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-6[GlcNAcβ1-2(Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4)Manα1-3]Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, Manα1-3Manα1-6[GlcNAcβ1-2(Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4)Manα1-3]Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, and Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6[GlcNAcβ1-2(Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4)Manα1-3]Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4Man unit occurs in N-glycans of insect glycoproteins, indicating a β1-3 galactosyl transferase and β1-4GlcNAc transferase (GNT-IV) are expressed in the honeybee cells.


According to the "Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China",the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Agricultural Product Quality Safety" and the present status of the standards for agriculture in China,the paper sug-gested that the formulation of local standards for agriculture should emphasis on the kinds of standards,agricultural products safety class and production technique standards.In addition,the management department of the local standards for agriculture should be the provincial bureaus of quality and supervision.


During the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, many poets and theoreticians have proposed the hypothesis that the initial of poem is "affected by things", while the "things" here refer to natural phenomena, and the "affected" means the psychotically activities of creation and aesthetic response of a poet after he has been stimulated by the natural phenomena. A poem is genetic only when there is a correspondence and communication between natural phenomena and the subjective spirit of the poet.


This paper presents results from a survey of researchers' behavior and attitudes about depositing data from sponsored research. The survey was conducted as part of a larger project called "Incentives for Data Producers to Create 'Archive-Ready' Data.1 "Archive-ready data" are data that meet the minimum requirements for data quality, metadata, and documentation of the repository or archives where they will be preserved. We found that researchers often are unaware of data deposit requirements, but that they would be more willing to deposit "archive-ready" data if they knew it would be used and have a broader public benefit. Our research has identified barriers that data producers face when preparing data for deposit in an archives. We discuss broader implications of the findings for data producers and archivists in a variety of different settings and suggest ways the archivists and records managers might use incentives to encourage data producers to create "archive-ready" data.


Cape gooseberry, which is the most exported Colombian exotic fruit, is commercially propagated by seed, but its high genetic variability causes growth, vigor, yield and fruit quality heterogeneity. Asexual propagation by cuttings can be a viable alternative but it is necessary to ensure adequate rhyzogenesis and the formation of a strong root system. For a period of 90 days, the present study evaluated the effect of five concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA; 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg L-1) and two substrates (peat moss, and a 1:1 v/v mixture of black soil and rice husks) on the rooting and growth of terminal cuttings from adult plants. The best results were observed when applying 800 mg L-1 IBA to cuttings planted in peat moss. This treatment combination determined the highest rooting percentage and the largest root length, roots fresh and dry mass, leaf number and leaf area scores.


With the expansion of multinational enterprises (MNEs) overseas, corruption has become an unavoidable problem. Among the many acts of corruption, commercial bribery is the most rampant and has a strong impact on the world economic order, thus the legal resolution of commercial bribery in the trade of MNEs is crucial. This essay will mainly discuss effective legal regulatory measures for the commercial bribery of MNEs based on the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and make suggestions for improving the existing legal system of the issue in China through comparative research methods.


This paper proposes and presents an autonomic Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) container that enables self-configuration using IBM's autonomic computing (AC) architecture and resolves resource bottlenecks by service migration. The migration manager bases its migration policy decision on an overall health status metric (H-metric) of service containers. This light-weight migration protoc ol permits scalability. A unified AC sensor/effector interfac e, protocol, and metric summarization allows to build up hierarchical WSRF container structures, a virtualized WSRF container. The experimental results demonstrate that our system scales across network of autonomic containers as service demands increases at runtime.


This essay examines how unarmed civilian peacekeeping (UCP) could be mainstreamed. It begins by describing how this concept has changed, and what exactly that means. Then, it will analyze the three generations that have characterized contemporary UCP. Finally, it will argue that UCP could be mainstreamed mainly through international political institutions and conventional research. Concerning political institutions, UCP-mainstreaming mechanisms could benefit from a global coalition of concrete and smart civil society organizations (CSOs) and key-people, especially those with remarkable credibility and careers in international organizations. In the field of research, the approach should gain the attention of scholars who are not supporters of the concept. Some possible research lines for the future are presented to move beyond the existing literature.


Ground based observations of the Zodiacal Light in the visible are actively pursued by the group at Kobe University (Japan), led by T. Mukai. Using large-angle optics combined with CCD detector, their imaging program aims at characterizing the structure of the Zodiacal Light and its various components: dust trails, libration clouds, etc. See articles by Mukai et al., Urakawa et al., Ishiguro et al., and Takahashi et al. - all published in the Proceedings of IAU Coll. 181 (also COSPAR Coll. Series 15), "Dust in the Solar System and Other Planetary Systems" (Eds. S.F. Green et al., Pergamon) - and Ishiguro et al. (Ap.J. 572, L117-120, 2002). As part of a program to study the extragalactic background light (EBL) at 3000, 5000 and 8000 A, the seasonal variations of the Zodiacal Light toward a fixed extragalactic target at high ecliptic latitude have been monitored. The required accuracy to reach the EBL and systematic errors have been discussed (Bernstein et al., Ap.J. 571, 85-106, 2002). Space observations of the Zodiacal Light were performed in the mid IR by ISOPHOT. Spectra are featureless and temperature variations can be explained by the 3-D geometry of a well-mixed interplanetary dust cloud (Leinert The inner Zodiacal Light has been studied from the Clementine spacecraft using the Moon to occult the Sun. The 2-D brightness map is interpreted in terms of three dust populations having different


Acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in acute primary angle closure (APAC) can cause huge damage to the variable cells in the eye; however, the mechanisms that connect the two processes still remain unclear. In this study, we aim to evaluate the levels of soluble CD44 (sCD44) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humour of acute primary angle closure patients.


In this paper, a state feedback control law is presented using the Lyapunov direct method and nonlinear backstepping with nonlinear mathematical model of straight-line tracking control system of under actuated ships. The control law can remove the constraints that the yaw rate is required to be nonzero, and can make the off-course ship be stable on the given straight reference line. The simulation result by the Matlab Simulink toolbox on an ocean-going training ship presents that the proposed controller has good controlling effect.


Symbols and rituals held high status in East German public life.2 They allowed, as is now stressed, state socialism to bind the people to the ruling system, while also affirming the links between this system and the traditions and programmes of the pre-stalinist and pre-communist labour movement and pointing to a future in which the red banners would no longer be used to conceal dilapidated facades. Moreover, they represented a society which tried to compensate its members for what they lacked materially with non-material gratification; or put another way, it replaced the struggle to distribute economic capital by a struggle for social and thus symbolic capital.


In order to reduce the mechanical sensitivity of ε-CL-20, wax and fluororubber polymers were used as coating materials and desensitizers to coat ε-CL-20 by the water suspension method. Through molecular dynamics calculations, fluorine rubber F2311, which had a good combination with ε-CL-20, was selected as the coating material and then ε-CL-20-based composite particles with double-layer structure were prepared. The contact angles of water, glycerin and diiodomethane as the testing liquids on the surface of F2311 and wax were measured by a contact angle measuring instrument, and the thermodynamic parameters of ε-CL-20/F2311 and the ε-CL-20/wax interface were calculated. ε-CL-20 before and after coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the mechanical sensitivity analytical method. The results showed that F2311/wax had uniformly passivated on the surface of ε-CL-20, forming a dense and uniform protective film, and the CL-20 crystal form did not change after coating. The double-layer composite structure effectively reduces the sensitivity of ε-CL-20 and improves the thermal stability of ε-CL-20.


The invention relates to a method for processing a workpiece (12) with a laser beam (16), particularly for producing a printing form, stamping die or the like, wherein the workpiece (12) relative to the laser beam (16) is moved and the laser beam (16) contiguous wells (22) are lifted from the workpiece (12), wherein the contiguous recesses (22) each consist of at least one running in the direction of the relative movement continuous track (62). This means that less waste is produced during excavation of the recesses (22) and the desired values of the geometric Napfchenparameter can be met better, the invention proposes that the continuous track (62) by means of a pulsed laser beam (16) is excavated.


In the present review we have tried to explain the details of GABA and benzodiazepine receptors and also focused on the recent trends of GABA receptors. GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) is mainly synthesized from glutamate and it is a inhibitory neurotransmitters and is classified in to two major types i.e. GABAA and GABAB and recently found GABAc which is also very important and it is functionally similar to that of GABAA. Different drugs acting on GABA receptor are muscimol (direct agonist); bicuculine (direct antagonist), benzodiazepine (indirect agonist), barbiturate (indirect agonist), steroid (indirect agonist), picrotoxin (inverse agonist), Zn, strychnine etc. These drugs are mainly useful in sedative and hypnotic, anterograde amnesia, muscle relaxant, insomnia etc. However, the exact subunit composition of even a single GABAA receptor subtype has not yet been identified. Many more experiments have to be performed in order to reach this goal. If a receptor composition existing in the brain had been identified, a recombinant receptor with the same composition could be expressed in a cell culture system. Thus, the investigation of the various GABAA receptor subtypes and their composition, regional distribution in the brain and pharmacology is not only of tremendous importance for the basic neurosciences but will also result in the rapid development of new and more selective compounds for psychiatry.


The objective of this study is to find out the link between speaking anxiety and speaking achievement of the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 03 Palembang. The method used was correlational study. The data were collected by using questionnaire of speaking anxiety and speaking test of speaking achievement. One hundred seventeen students were involved in the study and the data were analyzed by test analysis. The result showed that 3,4% students had high anxiety, 68,3% students had medium anxiety, and 28,2% students had low anxiety. Besides that, the result also showed 5,1% students had very good speaking achievement, 59,8% students had good speaking achievement, 32,4% students had  fair  speaking achievement  and 2,5% students had poor speaking achievement. There was no link between speaking anxiety  and  their  speaking  achievement  since  the  correlation  coefficient  or  r- obtained (-0.167) was lower that r-table (0.1816), and p-output  (0.071) higher than (0.05).


The objective was to determine the in vitro antifungal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the seed of Persea americana Mill. In strains of Candida albincans ATCC 10231. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by the method of microdilution in BHI medium and minimum fungicidal concentration (CMF) by the UFC agar diffusion method. The result obtained for CMI was at the concentration of 312.5 μg / ml in which no greater turbidity formation was observed. With respect to the CMF, a concentration of 2500 μg / ml resulted in a percentage of inhibition of> 99% with a statistically significant difference p <0.005. This effect may be due to the metabolites present in this seed reported by several phytochemical studies such as flavonoids, lactone compounds, tannins and quinones that act by inhibiting the germination of conidia of the fungus. It was concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of the seed of Persea americana Mill has a moderate antifungal activity (MIC of 100 to <500 μg / mL) in vitro in strains of Candida albicans


Optical yields in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diazofluorene with chiral acrylate or fumarate derivatives were found to be considerably improved by use of Corey's 8-phenylmenthyl group as a chiral O-alkyl group in these esters. The absolute stereochemistry of resulting cyclopropanes is different from the one expected from the "diazo-exchange" mechanism proposed by Walborsky et al.


PurposeThis study aims to highlight the impacts of a rapidly growing automobile industry on the environment and how implementation of Circular Economy (CE) principles and strategies can help us in improving its sustainability without compromising on our existing economic models.Design/methodology/approachIncrease in spending capacity, improvements in technology and decrease in the prices have catapulted automobile demand over the last few decades. Harmful emissions and waste generation during the entire life cycle of these complex machines need to be addressed in an urgent manner globally. Implementation of CE principles and strategies which are based on promoting a pivotal balance between environment, economy and the society can lead to minimize economic and environmental impact leading to better results for all the stakeholders.FindingsCarbon footprint or environmental emissions during different stages of an automobile life cycle can be minimized using CE principles and strategies without compromising on the existing economic models. Government legislation and keen participation of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and automobile manufacturers can drive the automobile industry toward sustainability despite growing consumption.Originality/valueThe literature review has been done with a fresh perspective to combine environmental sustainability with CE. This is a literature review of prior work done in this domain to explore the possibility of further intervention in this domain.


1\. Introduction 2\. Scattering theory 3\. Scattering theory of adiabatic
reaction forces 4\. Relation between the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe
and the adiabatic reaction forces 5\. Atomic-scale gate control of a single-
molecule transistor by individual atoms 6\. Conclusion A. Loschmidt echo
within scattering theory B. Loschmidt echo within Green function formalism


Background: Weight loss is associated with a reduction in all body compartments, including muscle mass (MM), and this effect produces a decrease in function and muscle strength. Our objective was to assess the impact of protein or amino acid supplements on MM loss in middle-aged men (age < 65 years) with severe obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) during weight loss. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-site randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05143398) with 40 in-patient male subjects with severe obesity. Participants underwent an intervention program consisting of a low-calorie balanced diet and structured physical activity. They were randomly assigned to 4-week treatment groups: (1) control (CTR, N = 10), (2) protein (P, N = 10), (3) branched-chain amino acid (BCAA, N = 10), and (4) essential amino acid mixture with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (PD-E07, N = 10) supplementation. Results: Following 4 weeks of intervention, all groups showed similar reductions in body weight compared to baseline. When examining the delta values, a notable increase in muscle mass (MM) was observed in the PD-E07 intervention group [MM (kg): 2.84 ± 3.57; MM (%): 3.63 ± 3.14], in contrast to the CTR group [MM (kg): −2.46 ± 3.04; MM (%): −0.47 ± 2.28], with a statistical significance of p = 0.045 and p = 0.023, respectively. However, the MM values for the P group [MM (kg): −2.75 ± 5.98, p = 0.734; MM (%): −0.44 ± 4.02, p = 0.990] and the BCAA group [MM (kg): −1 ± 3.3, p = 0.734; MM (%): 0.34 ± 2.85, p = 0.956] did not exhibit a statistically significant difference when compared to the CTR group. Conclusions: Amino acid-based supplements may effectively mitigate the loss of MM typically observed during weight reduction. Further validation through large-scale studies is necessary.


Comparison of different driveline variants shows that the combustion engine and the spur gear multistage transmission, complemented by the starter generator, will remain a leading driveline concept in Europe. In the important sector for compact and medium size cars, the number of automated manual transmissions will significantly increase on account of their potential for reduced consumption and emission and their outstanding cost effectiveness. The dry clutch, as the accessory starting and shifting component, can be adapted to new requirements through developments regarding torque capacity, installation space and operating forces. The specific advantages, such as efficiency and the absence of drag torque, are maintained in this process, with costs remaining relatively Iow. The disadvantages, such as the thermal capacity under permanent slipping or creeping should be avoided in view of the resulting consumption increase. When in certain operating situations this is not possible for reasons of comport, overloading can be avoided by means of appropriate control strategies.


After a criminal complete his term of imprisonment,he enjoys citizen's political rights and should have the right to be a civil servant.The idea that the one with criminal record cannot be a civil servant is not correct,since it violates the humanism principle,has bad influence on them to complete returning back to society,denies the reconstruction function of criminal penalty,infringes equal rights in constitution and obstructs the exercising of his political rights.Therefore,the article 6 of the Law to Civil Servants should be revised properly.


Funding information CONICYT-Chile, AFB170001. Concurso Apoyo a Centros Cientificos y Tecnologicos de Excelencia con Financiamiento Basal, 1161325. Becas-Chile Programme. Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Matemática (CIMA). Universidad del Bío-Bío, 171508. In this article, we consider an augmented fully mixed variational formulation that has been recently proposed for the nonisothermal Oldroyd–Stokes problem, and develop an a posteriori error analysis for the 2-D and 3-D versions of the associated mixed finite element scheme. More precisely, we derive two reliable and efficient residual-based a posteriori error estimators for this problem on arbitrary (convex or nonconvex) polygonal and polyhedral regions. The reliability of the proposed estimators draws mainly upon the uniform ellipticity of the bilinear forms of the continuous formulation, suitable assumptions on the domain and the data, stable Helmholtz decompositions, and the local approximation properties of the Clément and Raviart–Thomas operators. On the other hand, inverse inequalities, the localization technique based on bubble functions, and known results from previous works are the main tools yielding the efficiency estimate. Finally, several numerical results confirming the properties of the a posteriori error estimators and illustrating the performance of the associated adaptive algorithms are reported.


In this paper, the boiling phenomena of steam boiler under atmospheric pressure are simulated by using the UDF program of CFD software. Characteristics including pressure, temperature and vapor fraction respectively for bubble, slug and annular flow patterns are extracted as the input characteristic vectors of the BP neural network for the purpose of identifying the two-phase (vapor/liquid) boiling flow patterns within wall tubes. It reveals that the rate of recognition accuracy of flow patterns is up to 95.24%. By analyzing relations between flow pattern, wall temperature and wall heat transfer coefficient, it is found that changes in flow patterns will cause drastic variation in heat transfer coefficient of the wall surface, and the coefficient reduces rapidly as the wall temperature increases and eventually converge to a minimum.


Thank you for downloading introduction to advertising and promotion management. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this introduction to advertising and promotion management, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


This paper analyses the characteristics of dual spiral antenna with varying length. This antenna is operated in the lower band of the radio frequency range, since human body absorbs the microwave signals. Here the concept of multilayer substrate is used in order to reduce the size of the antenna. The existing system has several limitations. Firstly, most capsules are powered by an internal battery cell that restricts capsule miniaturization. Secondly, current systems are incapable of maintaining a continuous communication link due to the random orientations of the capsule. Therefore an efficient communication link between the in-body capsule and the external receiver unit is important for the development and applicability of the Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE). These limitations are overcome by this proposed antenna. Since the proposed antenna provides an omnidirectional radiation pattern and ultra wide bandwidth for short distance communication between transmitting and the receiving antenna with low power consumption. By combining two spiral antennas with different radius of the radiation zone, the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) can be kept low for a large bandwidth, resulting in an improved spiral antenna performance.


At first glance, the response by Łuczaj and Łuczaj gives the impression that they and we are in conflict on a series of central issues. In fact, their goals are essentially the same as ours, although they use different terminology and refer to different literatures. Rather than exchanging epistemological missiles, we should be supporting each other and moving rapidly toward practical solutions. Nothing is more urgent than the need to address the global climate crisis, and all academics in all disciplines can play a role. We no longer have time for sophisticated intellectual discussions and debates unless they are accompanied by practical solutions. Our reviewers complain that we "extrapolate (our) experience in the Global North to the entire academic community." Our experience is indeed primarily based on conference traditions from the global North, but the same surely applies to our reviewers and most colleagues reading this text. Initially, we had no choice but to extrapolate from that limited experience. But if our proposed alternative conference formats are adopted, an increasing number of colleagues from the global South will be included in global academic enterprises of all kinds at the same level, and they will increasingly play leading roles. We want to enable that transition by reforming infrastructures. Under the heading "Essentializing races," our reviewers claim that our "narrative of privileged academics is another example of a 'grand erasure' of experience and social process characteristic to the Global South." On the contrary, we are trying to solve some of the problems that arise from such a narrative.We agree that a "grand erasure of colonial experience" has been happening for decades in academic disciplines and their conferences, but that is not all. In addition, the carbon emissions of the global North, including those of academic conferences, are now physically destroying the future for everyone, but primarily for the global South. Our claim that "AGW may be considered racist in the sense that the main perpetrators are or were white and the main victims are or will be non-white" is correct as it stands. It could be improved by placing the word "white" in inverted commas, given that the skin of "white" people is actually "colored." We agree that race is a social construct; in fact, skin color is a social construct when it is categorized as "black," "white," or "colored." Similarly, we agree that race and ethnicity are subject to social labeling, boundary work, and symbolic violence, but these detailed questions are beyond our scope. Instead, our aim is to move rapidly toward practical solutions, developing conference formats that will enable colleagues from the global South to participate on the same level as we do. Under the heading "A universal academic privilege," our critics complain about our expression "global academic community." They are right that this community barely exists, but in truth any "community" has fuzzy edges: people may feel they "belong" to any number of overlapping communities, which recalls the sociological concept of boundary work. Belongingness to an "academic community" depends on how we define "scholarship," "science," or "research." We must nevertheless identify or construct "communities" in order to understand complex social interactions. We agree that "global knowledge production" has centers and peripheries. That is exactly our point: We want to bring "centers" and "peripheries" together by enabling colleagues with fewer financial resources to participate at the same level. New virtual and semi-virtual conference formats can end the tradition of scholars from the Global South having to "participate at a distance." Rather than merely theorizing about this problem, we are actively trying to solve it, bringing the "peripheries of global knowledge production" toward the center. That is also our proposed solution to the problem of "scholars in specific, highly populated areas." Parncutt, R and Seither-Preisler, A. 2021. Live streaming at international academic conferences: Doing rather than talking. Elem Sci Anth, 9: 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00435


【Objective】Vegetation is the most sensitive factor of the local natural biogeography on the Earth,and play an important role in maintaining human being sustainable development and mitigating climate change.The objective of this paper was to introtduce systematically the types of vegetation in Guangxi and its classified system and to provide basic data for protection,research and uses of the vegetation.【Methods】Based on the classification principle,unit and system of China vegetation,the data that included both publications recording the types of Guangxi vegetations and authors' vegetation investigation in Guangxi since 1950 were gathered and sorted out.And then two classification systems were drawn up for natural and artificial vegetations of Guangxi.【Results】The natural vegetation in Guangxi could be divided into 4 classes of vegetation type,26 groups of vegetation type,and 722 formations.The artificial vegetation in Guangxi could be divided into 5 vegetation types,20 vegetation subtypes, and 298 formations.Among 722 formations of natural vegetation,the type numbers of forest,bamboo forest,shrub,herb and hydrovegetation account for 63%,4%,10%,6% and 17%,respectively.Among 298 formations of artificial vegetation,the type numbers of timber forest,economic frult and tree forest,urban forest vegetation,crop vegetation and artificial paludal and hydric vegetation account for 28%,20%,29%,17%and 6%,respectively.【Conclusion】Guangxi is one of the most rich regions of vegetation types in China with 1020 formations,and has an important position in the protection,research and uses of vegetation in China.


IT (information technology) in the primary schools. However, in all undoubted theoretical and practical significance of this research it should be noted that a wide range of problems relevant to the effective training of the primary school teachers to teach a propedeutical course of computer science remains insufficiently developed. The article explains urgency of the problem being investigated, presents the specific proposals relating to the process of the professional readiness formation for future teachers of primary schools to teach a propedeutical course of computer science based on the training experience of specialists in the Nizhnevartovsk State University. It determines the pedagogical terms of efficiency and effectiveness for a process of professional readiness formation of a primary school teacher to teach a propedeutical course of computer science, characterizes components of the future teacher readiness to implement this type of activity and presents the methodological features of training for the future primary school teachers to teach a propedeutical course of computer science. The results of the investigation extend knowledge about the features of information training for the primary school teachers, particularly in matters of training a propedeutical course of computer science.


Patients suffering from renal failure can be treated with a renal replacement therapy. Although a possible transplantation is determined by the availability of kidney donors, peritoneal dialysis is only adequate for patients with sufficient remaining renal function. As a third alternative, hemodialysis therapy can be used in which the patient's blood is purified extracorporeally in a hemodialyzer. To have better insight in this blood purification modality, dialyzer geometry, membrane properties, fluid characteristics, and the basic transport phenomena are described.

Focused on a hollow fiber dialyzer, an overview is given of models and experiments describing blood and dialysate flow on a macroscopic basis. Also, the physical models handling of microscopic phenomena like concentration polarization and mass transport are described.

Finally, in-house developed CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and experimental models are presented, which aim at optimizing dialyzer geometry by looking more in detail at transport processes and fluid properties inside the dialyzer. First, a macroscopic CFD model to visualize blood and dialysate flow distributions was developed and validated using SPECT (single-photon emission-computed tomography) medical imaging. Second, a microscopic numerical model was developed to describe flow and mass transport in a single dialyzer fiber. After model calibration and validation, the impact on solute removal of a variable fiber length and diameter was assessed for small and middle molecules. Also, the model was used to examine the effect of flow maldistribution by implementing the experimental SPECT results.

Keywords:

kidney failure;
dialyzer;
ultrafiltration;
mass transport;
convection-diffusion;
hemoconcentration;
viscosity model


Squaraines are 1,3 derivatives of squaric acid, a condensation product of squaric acid and electron-rich aromatics or heterocycles. Squaraine dyes feature sharp and intense solution absorption in the red to near infrared (NIR) region of the solar spectrum. More importantly, squaraine film absorption is quite broad, which is highly beneficial for sunlight absorption. A series of novel, high purity squaraines have recently been prepared, including the products in the table below.1 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ, Aldrich Prod. No. 758337) has been successfully utilized as a donor material for high-performance cells in both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OPVs.2 Pairing SQ with PC70, C70fullerene acceptor, has achieved high power conversion efficiency of 5.5% mainly due to its high open circuit voltage, high short circuit current, and high fill factor.3 Replacing diisobutylamino substituents with diphenyl amino moieties, 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DPSQ, Aldrich Prod. No. 757233), improved solubility for solutionprocessing of OPVs with enhanced charge carrier mobility. DPSQ, with its 0.2 eV deeper HOMO energy than SQ, is anticipated to lead to OPV devices with higher open circuit voltage and hence better device performance (Figure 1).4 Figure 1. A) current density (J) versus voltage (V) characteristics at 1 sun illumination of the as-cast SQ/C60 and DPSQ/C60 cells with structure of ITO/MoO3(80 Å)/SQs(85 ± 5 Å)/C60(400 Å)/3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) (80 Å)/Ag (1,000 Å) and B) External quantum efficiencies (EQE) plot.


Written with remarkable clarity and readability, Foundations of School Learning analyzes the development of children and youth in the learning X ^ ~ situations of the school. It stresses the special lessons which the school, by i { yits nature and function, is equipped to teach, and thus brings into focus the intellectual development the school is especially equipped to foster. As a ia eresult, it keeps clear of the overemphasis on physical growth and emotional maladjustment which in recent years has characterized many books dealing with the growth and development of pupils. Following an introductory section on the unique responsibilities and op5 (portunities of the school in American life, the discussion is organized into three phases. The first is a general description of behavior and mental processes which provides a broad picture of mental activity as it is condij^!l tioned by the sequential lessons of the school. The second gives in some r Ldetail a view of the different types of mental activity involved in the student's progression from an untrained immaturity to a trained maturity. The last returns to a general view of learning and shows the various learning activities united in moving toward the common goal of a well-integrated personality.


Semarang provides its many important activities and movements. This city already has BRT system for public transportation, expected to make a sustainable transportation system in Semarang city. However, there are several problems, especially in service performances. The existence of BRT has not been efficient to resolve the congestion problem in the city, indicated by the low BRT load factor level. Location of bus stops are not strategic and not easy to reach, dirty, cramped, have little seatings, do not have guards, do not have feeder mode from the housing area, and the bus arrival schedule is uncertain, causing people to use private vehicles in their daily life. The main purpose of this research is to assess the service performance of BRT Trans Semarang related to safety, comfort, and regularity to achieve sustainable transportation. Conditions of BRT service performance in regard to safety level, 78% of the provision is appropriate, and 22% is not appropriate. Based on comfort level, 70% of the supply is appropriate, and 30% is not suitable. As for the regularity level, 38% of the supply is appropriate, and 62% has not been matched from the total performance indicators of BRT services that require repairs and additions. Government, thus shall improve the regularity level to enhance the load factor of BRT Trans Semarang.


The purpose of this research is to develop various types of interfaces that will support real-time music making for people with physical limitations. Technologies employed include: light sensors, motion sensors, and programmable devices.


A new protocol renders possible in situ generation of nucleophilic selenium species which allow the preparation of Se-functionalized Michael adducts.


Dengue virus is a single-stranded RNA virus comprising four distinct serotypes. These closely related serotypes belong to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Dengue imposes a significant health, social, and economic burden in endemic areas. Dengue virus is transmitted through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Most of the resulting infections are asymptomatic or subclinical. The characteristic hemorrhagic manifestations of severe dengue are plasma leakage due to increased vascular permeability, thrombocytopenia, and hemoconcentration. These may present as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, and only rarely, significant bleeding. Such bleeding, along with transient bone-marrow suppression seen in dengue fever, are the documented causes of anemia in dengue fever. Cold-agglutinin hemolytic anemia has not been reported in association with dengue fever. We present a rare case of a patient who developed hemolytic anemia following the formation of transient cold agglutinins secondary to dengue-virus infection.


The utility model discloses an electrical connector which includes an insulation body, a card-withdrawing mechanism, a plurality of terminals and a correcting device. Wherein, the insulation body is provided with a central groove channel. The back surface of the insulation body is provided a plurality of spacer blocks. A slot is provided between every two neighbouring spacer blocks. A plurality of terminals is arranged on the two side walls of the groove channel. The tail parts of a plurality of terminal rows are located at the back of the insulation body. The card-withdrawing mechanism is arranged at the two corresponding sides of the insulation body. The correcting device is arranged on the electrical connector, and cooperates with the spacer blocks of the insulation body to make the tail parts of the terminals of the electrical connector regularly arranged.


The current theory of solar modulation can be used to argue that the cosmic-ray component at low energies, which is observed to have an anomalous composition, is not of galactic origin, i.e., it is not a component of the galactic cosmic-ray flux. The current theory predicts, from quite general considerations, that an unreasonably large intensity of cosmic rays, by many orders of magnitude, would be required in the interstellar medium to account for the observed fluxes. Conceivably, the current modulation theory could be modified so that only reasonable interstellar fluxes are predicted. One such modification involves an unusual scheme for particle diffusion in the interplanetary medium. Particles are assumed to diffuse not as a result of their own motion among small-scale irregularities in the magnetic field, but rather in a process in which they are trapped between time-varying constrictions in the large-scale field. (AIP)


Organizational performance is the combined efforts of the employees and leadership. Their effective engagement and better working relationships enhance organizational performance and effectiveness. Open communication among employees and Leadership bolsters organizational performance and provides social, emotional, psychological, ethical, and moral support, safety, and security. This study explores employee engagement's mediating role in assessing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). A mixed methodology was adopted for the study. In the first step, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was adopted as a methodology for the analysis.   In the second stage, a case study supported the study's findings. The study found that leadership style affects organizational performance. Moreover, employee engagement has a significant effect on organizational performance. The study also proposed a model based on the content review, which is recommended to be tested in different contexts and industries around the globe.


During the period 22. XI. 1957 to 31. XII. 1963 a total number of 1810 women were admitted to the General Department of the Norwegian Radium Hospital (NRH) as in-patients for treatment of histologically verified carcinoma of the breast. Of these 1810 patients, however, 366 had previously completed their primary treatment course; they were now admitted for recurrent or progressive disease or for a cancer in the opposite breast, and are not included in the present study. The rest, 1444 patients, got all or a part of their primary treatment during their first admittance to NRH in the period mentioned above. One of these patients left Norway 3 months after the treatment and was lost to follow up. In another patient the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma was made during the terminal stage of malignant melanoma. These two patients are eliminated from the study. The total case material of the study is therefore 1442 women admitted to NRH for primary treatment of histologically verified carcinoma of the breast in the period 22. XI. 1957 to 31. XII. 1963 (in the following called primary cases). The distribution of these patients in relation to stage and age is shown in Appendix 1 and Fig. 1.


A novel coaxial relativistic Cerenkov generator (CRCG) operating in quasi-transverse electromagnetic mode is proposed for generating Ku-band high-power microwave radiation. It is found that using a cathode with a shielding electrode can decrease the diffusing electric field in the diode, thereby allowing a CRCG with the proposed diode structure to operate in a low guiding magnetic field. Taking advantage of the two-sectional slow wave structure, the output power and conversion efficiency are improved. Furthermore, a simple optimization rule is proposed for the length of the drift cavity and is verified by numerical simulation. In a particle-in-cell simulation, when the diode voltage and beam current are 550 kV and 4.2 kA, respectively, the microwave with an output power of 1 GW at 15.3 GHz is achieved in a guiding magnetic field of 0.35 T, yielding a conversion efficiency of 43%.A novel coaxial relativistic Cerenkov generator (CRCG) operating in quasi-transverse electromagnetic mode is proposed for generating Ku-band high-power microwave radiation. It is found that using a cathode with a shielding electrode can decrease the diffusing electric field in the diode, thereby allowing a CRCG with the proposed diode structure to operate in a low guiding magnetic field. Taking advantage of the two-sectional slow wave structure, the output power and conversion efficiency are improved. Furthermore, a simple optimization rule is proposed for the length of the drift cavity and is verified by numerical simulation. In a particle-in-cell simulation, when the diode voltage and beam current are 550 kV and 4.2 kA, respectively, the microwave with an output power of 1 GW at 15.3 GHz is achieved in a guiding magnetic field of 0.35 T, yielding a conversion efficiency of 43%.


Disinfection of environment surfaces and articles used for COVID 19 patient plays an important role in reducing indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 – the virus responsible for COVID-19. Depending on the type of surface, SARS-CoV-2 can remain viable between eight hours to several days. The surfaces are contaminated when virus-containing droplets land on surfaces, or when someone with contaminated hands touches these surfaces. Virus contamination in both health care as well as non-health care settings can be reduced by good disinfection practices. Cleaning and disinfection is fundamental because it kills any remaining germs on the surface and thereby reduces the spread of germs. Therefore disinfection of the health care environment is vital in reducing infection rate. Following strict cleaning and disinfection protocols is the key to make sure that the patient as well as the health care worker remains safe. It is also important to increase awareness on how to clean and disinfect the articles used for Covid patient, so that the disease not spread to other patients and at the same time health care workers are protected. The disinfectant and its concentration should be carefully selected to avoid or minimize toxic effects on household members and also avoid damaging surfaces.


ABSTRACT: Mean grain yield of flooded rice in southern Brazil has increased in recent years due to the use of high-yield cultivars and improvement of crop management practices. Nevertheless, stagnation in grain yields has been observed in some rice-producing regions. Adoption of conservation tillage systems based on cover crops may be a strategy to increase rice grain yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on initial establishment, development, and grain [...]


In allusion to the characteristic of the damage occurring in large-scale pots,the paper analyses the factors that cause the damage of the cathode and introduces the ways for the checking and maintenance to the damaged pot.


Ketoprofen (KP) is known to be the most photosensitive among the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and may induce phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. Phototoxic side effects of KP are associated with the...


The visual simulation programs are written by OpenGL to understand the construction and distribution of the radioactive shield configuration provided by the data file. At first, the data can be read out from the data file and transformed into the form of OpenGL. Then the method of space-alternate-coordinate is used to simplify the mathematic models of the basic geometry into the standard models. Having been shifted and revolved the coordinate, the configuration is shown at the designative place decided by known conditions. So the rendering of configuration can be simplified greatly. The shield configuration can be shown in two distinct coordinate systems by orthography and perspective projection. The coloring and lighting of the configuration can be modified with the menu and dialogic frame. The move and revolution of the configuration can be controlled through the operation of the keyboard and wheel mouse. As an example, the shield configuration based on the date file containing above 400 data is shown in this paper.


The invention relates to a method for determining an error rate during data transmission from a transmitter/receiver station (1) to a transmitter/receiver device (2) and to a measuring device. A first data block and at least one other redundant block different therefrom are produced from a source data block (9) by the transmitter/receiver station (1). The first data block is transmitted by the transmitter/receiver station (1) and received by the transmitter/receiver device (2). The first data block thus received is decoded in a decoder block (8) and tested for transmission errors. Another redundant data block is requested by the transmitter/receiver station (2) if an error is ascertained in the transmitted data of the first data block. The request is received by the transmitter/receiver station (1) and, according to the invention, the first data block is repeatedly transmitted instead of the redundant data block and the rate of the first defectively received data blocks is determined.


The role of purchasing has been evolving during the last years, increasing its strategic importance inside the organization. Traditionally viewed as a supportive function impacting only the bottom- ...


Based on experimental infrared spectra of CO adsorbed on both amorphous silica-aluminas (ASA) and ultra stable Y zeolites (USY), an additional A(0) band related to high Brønsted acidic sites is evidenced. This result allows us to refine our previous assignments of the complicated and broad massifs in the nu(OH) and nu(CO) regions.


Deconstruction is not a philosophy or a method, it is not a phase, a period or a moment. It is something which is constantly at work and was at work before what we call 'deconstruction' started, so I cannot periodize. For me there is no 'after' deconstruction-not that I think that deconstruction is immortal-but for what I understand under the name deconstruction, there is no end, no beginning, and no after.2


Wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies have been employed in recent years for monitoring purposes in various areas from engineering industry to our home environment due to their ability to intelligently monitor remote locations. In this paper, we have studied a purely deterministic model that utilizes clustering to organize the WSN. We propose a deterministic energy-efficient clustering protocol using evolutionary optimization Technique that is dynamic, distributive, self-organizing and more energy efficient than the existing protocols. It utilizes a simplified approach which minimizes computational overhead-cost to self-organize the sensor network. Our simulation result shows a better performance with respect to energy consumption, which is reflected in the network lifetime in both homogeneous and heterogeneous settings when compared with the existing protocols.


1My longstanding admiration for the ACCA has been heightened by spending the last two days with this unique group of leaders of American medicine. Your organization is distinguished not only in research and teaching but also in the quality of character of its members. This is a group of physicians it is fun to be with. Wesley W. Spink, M.D., my father-in-law and long-time Professor of Medicine at the University of Minnesota, made this meeting the highpoint of his year for three decades. These annual gatherings were an important source of renewal and self-affirmation. My appreciation of the ACCA has been further enhanced by the membership of my brother Herbert L. DuPont, M.D. your current president, and a protégé of Dr. Spink. Tonight I take off from Abraham Verghese's marvelous book The Tennis Partner, a breathtakingly honest story of medical education, friendship and finally of death from drug addiction.1,2 This morning while waiting for the gym to open I had the chance to talk with the ACCA President-Elect, Frank Abboud. He told me about two of his experiences with addiction in his faculty. The first was a senior professor who retired with dementia related to his alcohol use that was made more tragic by his continued drinking and his family's covering it up. The second story was of a younger faculty member whom Frank found slumped over his desk dead with a needle in his arm. These are examples of how many physicians experience addiction, not only in their practices but in their personal lives, as an incomprehensible and cruel disease from which many sufferers never recover. Addiction hooked me following completion of my training at Harvard Medical School and the National Institutes of Health in 1968, when, inspired by my heroes John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr., I chose prison. I joined the District of Columbia Department of Corrections with the goal of using my medical skills to help solve a significant social problem, crime. Basic epidemiological work led to the


The objective of this research is to evaluate the integration of a chain of transport services by links in Manabí, Ecuador for the identification of joint strategies and objectives. The research is classified as descriptive and with a quantitative approach. Theoretical methods are used such as: inductive-deductive, analysis-synthesis, historical-logical and modeling to carry out the investigation. The transport service chain is described. A checklist and an integration matrix are systematized to identify the level of integration, strategies and joint objectives. As a result, it was obtained that the study chain presents a high level of integration, and that the strategies focus on long-term contracts and few suppliers, a practical contribution.


In a set of problems ranging from 4-D seismic to salt boundary estimation, updates to the velocity model often have a highly localized nature. Numerical techniques for these applications such as full-waveform inversion (FWI) require an estimate of the wavefield to compute the model updates. When dealing with localized problems, it is wasteful to compute these updates in the global domain, when we only need them in our region of interest. This paper introduces a local solver that generates forward and adjoint wavefields which are, to machine precision, identical to those generated by a full-domain solver evaluated within the region of interest. This means that the local solver computes all interactions between model updates within the region of interest and the inhomogeneities in the background model outside. Because no approximations are made in the calculation of the forward and adjoint wavefields, the local solver can compute the identical gradient in the region of interest as would be computed by the more expensive full-domain solver. In this paper, the local solver is used to efficiently generate the FWI gradient at the boundary of a salt body. This gradient is then used in a level set method to automatically update the salt boundary.


The effects of prolactin on skin texture, on cutaneous secretion and on molting have been examined in the red-spotted newt under several hormonal conditions. In the adult newt skin is smooth and is covered with varying amounts of cutaneous secretion. Under laboratory conditions the skin ordinarily becomes rough and tuberculated within one or two weeks. Doses of 1.2–120 units of prolactin caused the skin of intact, laboratory-conditioned, red-spotted newts to become smooth and slimy. Similar changes were seen in newts bearing pituitary autografts which are presumed to secrete excessive amounts of prolactin or prolactin-like hormone. No change in skin texture or secretion was detected in hypophysectomized newts treated with prolactin. It has been reported recently that 120 units of prolactin induces molting in the hypophysectomized European crested newt (Vellano et al., ';70). Although 3 of 15 hypophysectomized red-spotted newts molted in response to that dose of prolactin, TSH in amounts equivalent to that which may have contaminated the prolactin produced similar results. Thyroidectomized newts showed no cutaneous response to 120 units of prolactin. Thyroidectomized newts kept in water to which 10 μgm/liter of 1-thyroxine had been added molted only rarely, but when thyroidectomized animals were put into 10 μgm/liter of 1-thyroxine and injected with 12 units of prolactin they began to molt normally and their skins became smooth and slimy. It is concluded that in the red-spotted newt prolactin alone does not induce molting but may facilitate molting, probably through the stimulation of cutaneous secretion, when introduced with thyroid hormone. It is further concluded that although prolactin induces changes in skin texture and in cutaneous secretion, those responses are to some extent mediated by the thyroid hormone.


The discovery of Earth's radiation zone divided into two belts is the first major discovery in Human space exploration. The inner belt dominated by energetic protons and the outer belt dominated by energetic electrons imply the inner belt with net positive charge and the outer belt with net negative charge. Earth's surface carries net negative charge. These exploration data suggest the inner and outer parts of a star may be composed of several discrete charged layers. We propose the mechanism of the star's multiple Debye spherical layers to adapt to the objective existence. The charged particles in the near-earth space follow the statistical distribution of multiple Debye spherical layers of Earth. The inner belt and outer belt is the main body of layer 8 and layer 9 respectively. The empty slot between the inner and outer belt comes from the action of the electric field between them. An impenetrable barrier to ultra-relativistic electrons originates from the action of the electric field of layer 7.


The purpose of this paper is to provide some guidelines to evaluate prescriptive based codes and offer suggestions on how to develop performance based specifications to meet the intent of these codes. It will provide an easy to understand definition of prescriptive based and performance based standards and offer examples of each. The paper will also show how performance based specifications have been used effectively on the Metro Rail project in Los Angeles and also provide a few examples of how performance based specifications have sometimes fallen short of achieving the intended results. Also deliniated will be the challenge that both the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the desinger face to be objective and creative, mindful of public safety.


An algebraic framework for generalized semantics of logic programs, M. Gabbrielli et al an incremental semantics for CLP(AD), E. Bertino et al k mu-DNF formulae are learnable under product distribution, M. Flammini maximal repetition of subwords in DOL languages (abstract), F. Mignosi amd D. Seebold towards more realistic models of parallel computers (abstract), A.K. Chandra an extensional formulation of ST Bisimulation, R. Gorrieri and C. Laneve reversible simulation of space-bounded computation, P. Crescenzi and C.H. Papadimitriou on reductions and approximations in parallel algebraic complexity, B. Codenotti et al. (Part contents)


We have used in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to study the morphological changes to InAs quantum dots (QD's) caused by overgrowth of a GaAs capping layer. We demonstrate that the InAs islands are highly unstable during GaAs overgrowth and that this morphological instability confirms that significant cation intermixing occurs during overgrowth. In particular, the anisotropic nature of the volume redistribution indicates that In surface diffusion is the specific mechanism of In transfer away from the islands. Images taken after 10 monolayers or more of overgrowth reveal that more rapid GaAs overgrowth better preserves the 3D-islands morphology.


Abstract : The objective of this research was to demonstrate the extension of the current design of the Individual Identification Friend or Foe (IIFF) patch, to provide a response in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The purpose of the IIFF patch is to mitigate fratricide during ground engagements, by emitting a near infrared (NIR) signal, when the wearer is illuminated by a targeting laser attached to the shooter's weapon. Due to the proliferation of NIR Night Vision Devices (NVDs), it is desirable to produce a version of the patch that emits in the SWIR spectrum, making its response visible to operators with next-generation NVDs, while being invisible to conventional NVDs. This further enhances the "covert" nature of the IIFF patch. To produce SWIR output, a visible-light emitter is used in conjunction with a downconverting phosphor filter. This thesis develops and evaluates candidates for visible-light emitters and downconverting phosphor filters in order to determine the most suitable candidate for use in the IIFF patch. Three potential candidate materials, based on neodymium and ytterbium phosphors, were evaluated using photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. A quantitative comparison of the combined efficiency was performed to select an initial optimized combination. SWIR emission was observed through an InGaAs imaging array.


A segmentation filling algorithm based on queue for super resolution image is proposed.This algorithm is composed with two steps: segmentation and filling.It is suitable for filling super resolution images,including geological maps of basin modeling.It overcomes low efficiency,low accuracy and waste of computer resources in the process of super resolution images.According to the characteristics of basin modeling,the application of this algorithm achieves better results than other algorithms.


Abstract Much has been written of the perceived 'clash' between Islamic and western civilisations and of the need for reconciliation. If western nations truly seek rapprochement with the Islamic world, then they must be open to the possibility that in some ways their marvellously productive economic systems have contributed to a loss of community and a decline in social morality, and must acknowledge Muslim fears of the global economy. A purely material or human rights explanation for why non-democratic and predominantly Muslim countries should adopt democratic capitalism will fail. What is needed initially is some foundation upon which to build dialogue. Orthodox social thought could serve as a lynchpin connecting the communal economic ethic of Islamic societies with the individualist ethic of democratic capitalism. Russian Orthodox theologian and social theorist Sergei Bulgakov left a rich repository of economic thought that philosophically bridges a gap between the rationality of western market economies and the transcendent awareness of Islamic social structures. Bulgakov's philosophy of economy embraces ideas of human freedom even as it recognises the need for 'guidance' and the essential nature of economic relationships to the preservation of community. By engaging Bulgakov's economic ideas, westerners can better understand the apprehensions of intellectuals in traditional cultures concerning globalisation and the reticence of many Muslims to embrace it.


The history of Biology in Mexico shows us several cases, where the discussion on the need to choose the applied science at the expense of pure science, and where the relationships between science and ideology and science and power were analyzed. Today, these cases allow us to research, how these problems were solved in the past. In this paper we study the conceptions and controversies between two prominent Mexican scientists, Alfonso L. Herrera e Isaac Ochoterena (who played an important role during the first stages of Biology in Mexico), reviewing the vastness' hypothesis previously used to study this topic. We focus to analyze the acceptance of Lysenkoism, which occurred during the first half of the 20th Century, with the purposes to study the problems, the arguments, the individuals involved and, above all, the effects of this reception on the development of biological research in Mexico, which repercussion went on almost until the end of the 60s at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.


that the 'punch' comes from something akin to what Arendt was trying to articulate.) Second, Russell says that the goal of 'helping (people) understand the relationship between moral concepts and the nature of moral judgment' would likely be hampered by giving up the word 'evil' [220]. But he says little to justify this claim—and some things that seem to press against it, namely, that 'in many cases ... we would aid clear communication by expressing our moral judgments in terms of the more complex definitions', and that even when we use the word 'evil' we 'ought to explain and clarify' our claims (i.e. in other moral terms) [221]. When, then, does use of the term 'evil' ever help to effect 'clear communication'? Apart from a contentious analogy with the concept of freely chosen action, Russell's only answer seems to be that sometimes a speaker's strong disapproval of an action will be clearly communicated by her calling it evil. But that is the first of his two reasons again. Of the forty titles containing the word 'evil' in Russell's bibliography, only one precedes 1990 (and that one is anyway about the theological 'problem of evil'). Why this recent explosion—outside philosophy, as well as within it—of concern with evil? Might it have some link with the increasingly apocalyptic tone of so much in our lives—not just the so-called 'clash of cultures' ('the West' and Islam), but much else in contemporary life and culture as well? Perhaps—but it is hard to know—that in turn has something to do with our increasing uncertainty about the stability, and even the fact, of our human future (however much we also avert our eyes from that scene). In any case, perhaps there might have been benefit in pondering how this explosion of talk of evil fits or jars with some other contemporary cultural themes. Of those forty titles, only one also contains the word 'good'. The book's index, too, does not contain 'good' or 'goodness'. These are striking absences, given that, on the face of it, evil is correlative with good—however that thought is to be spelled out. (Only in his brief discussion of the 'mirror thesis' [165 7] does Russell touch on goodness in relation to evil.) A focus on evil with scant attention to goodness is admittedly a feature not just of Russell's book but also of most of the philosophical scene in which Russell is writing. But it is a puzzling feature in both cases. Within its particular approach, Russell's book is careful and hard-worked. But his approach will also strike some readers as doing less than full justice to some significant aspects of his topic.


Effects of Ce on recrystallization temperature and grain growth behavior of 00Cr17 high purity ferritic stainless steel were investigated using micro-hardness test,optical microscopy,differential thermal analysis and XRD.The results show that addition of Ce reduced the recrystallization temperature and accelerated the occurrence of recrystallization of 00Cr17 steel.The reason for the reduction of recrystallization temperature is that a small amount of Ce dissolved in matrix of 00Cr17 steel generates the distortion of lattice,increases the storage energy of cold deformation,and accordingly increases the driving force of recrystallization.Addition of Ce increased the activation energy of grain growth,decreased the grain growth index and hindered the grain growth of 00Cr17 steel,which is because Ce easily enriches at the grain boundaries and increases the resistance of grain boundary motion.


The new principle of power maximizing of solar battery (MPPT) is proposed. The system based on a specific implementation of the PWM DC-DC converters, through which the solar battery is connected to the load. Instead of a linear carrier voltage, typically used in PWM systems, the special created periodic function plays a role of the carrier curve that is mathematically similar to the dependence of the solar panel output power on the duty-cycle of the DC-DC converter connected to it. The function is obtained by scanning a sample low-power solar panel with the special controlled current source. This sample solar panel is located in close proximity to the main battery, and thus its electrical characteristics identical to those of the main one. The maximum of the power curve, obtained in this way at each switching period, determines the value of duty cycle, which should be installed in the main DC-DC converter to achieve MPP. The proposed system is implemented using a simple scheme contained conventional electronic components. The system is characterized by high accuracy and speed. The results of computer modelling and testing of laboratory prototype confirm the theoretical conclusions.


The objectives of this work were to determine the general and specific combining ability between landraces and synthetic varieties of maize and to identify the crosses that combine important agronomic traits, to develop new maize varieties. A partial diallel was done with 11 synthetic varieties crossed with five landraces. The crosses were evaluated along with the five parental landraces and five commercial hybrids, in randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in Sao Joao do Triunfo and Londrina, PR, Brazil. There was genotype x location interaction for most characters, predominantly from the general combining ability x location interaction. The best estimates of general combining ability of the synthetic group were observed for ST09 and ST04 and, in the variety group, for MC45 and IAPAR 50, taking into consideration the set of traits and locals. The bests crosses (MC34 x ST04, IAPAR 50 x ST07, MC47 x ST09, MC45 x ST02, MC51 x ST04, and MC45 x ST01) had positive estimates of specific combining ability for grain yield in both locals. There are crosses with potential to develop new maize varieties with better grain yield, plant height, ear position, percentage of damaged ears and of lodging and broken stalks than individual maize landraces, and more similar to the performance of commercial corn hybrids.


We present a case of traumatic neuroma of the common bile duct in a 53-year-old woman who presented with jaundice,5months after cholecystectomy. Physical examination revealed jaundice, epigastric pain and scratching lesions. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) at 109 U/L, Alkaline phosphatase at 175U/L. CA19-9 was at 500U/mlMagnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a T1 and T2hyperintense lesion of peri-hilar fat. An increase in intensity was noted after useof gadolinium.Exploratory laparotomy was performed with the presumptive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Pathologic analysis of the surgical specimen revealed Haphazard mature nerves, consistent with a bile duct neuroma. Follow-up of the patient showed no post-operative complications or signs of recurrence.


A B S T R A C T A solar still is a viable option when the demand of potable water does not exceed more than 3 litres. Enhancement in distillate output from the solar still is a main goal of many researchers all over the world. In this research, the effect of copper and aluminum plates on distillate output is investigated experimentally as well as theoretically at different water depths under the same climate conditions. In solar stills, first we used solar still augmented with copper plates, second with aluminum and third without any plate called passive solar still. An energy balance equation was applied to solar still for calculation of theoretical distillate output of a solar still with different plates. Three experiments still of 1 m 2 in area were constructed from locally available materials. In this work, it was found that the experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement. It was also found that using copper plate in a solar still increases distillate output by 20% (at water depth of 3 cm) and 32% (at water depth of 6 cm) compared with passive solar still, and using an aluminum plate increases distillate output by 10% (at water depth of 3 cm) and 20% (at water depth of 6 cm).


The compression deformation test of TA11 (Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy at 880~1010 ℃,strain rate between 0.01s-1 and 50 s-1,deformation of 30% and 50% was carried out using Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine,its dynamic recrystallization behavior at high-temperature deformation was studied.The model of primary α average grain size,dynamic recrystallization volume fraction and dynamic recrystallization grain size of TA11 titanium alloy in (α+β) field were established based on quantitative metallurgical technique using regression analysis.The average difference between the calculated and experimental values is less than 12%.The model can describe the law of the dynamic recrystallization kinetics of the material during thermal processing.


Abstract : This report discusses applications of knowledge-based programming techniques to a selection of photo interpretation tasks. The technology of knowledge-based programming is reviewed, several relevant photo interpretation problems are described, and the most promising applications are discussed in detail. Recommendations are presented for developing knowledge-based systems as expert consultant programs to assist military geographic intelligence analysts and to aid users of advanced photo interpretation tools. (Author)


A fiber-optic communication channel is described which has a demonstrated information capacity of 100 Mbċs-1. Electroluminescent diodes provide the optical source. Experimentally observed error rates are presented of a simulation of long fiber lengths.


In this paper, we consider an $N$-player interacting strategic game in the presence of a (endogenous) dominating player, who gives direct influence on individual agents, through its impact on their control in the sense of Stackelberg game, and then on the whole community. Each individual agent is subject to a delay effect on collecting information, specifically at a delay time, from the dominating player. The size of his delay is completely known by the agent, while to others, including the dominating player, his delay plays as a hidden random variable coming from a common fixed distribution. By invoking a noncanonical fixed point property, we show that for a general class of finite $N$-player games, each of them converges to the mean field counterpart which may possess an optimal solution that can serve as an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium for the corresponding finite $N$-player game. Second, we provide, with explicit solutions, a comprehensive study on the corresponding linear quadratic mean field games of...


A new method has been developed for the synthesis of mixed‐valence ammonium vanadate crystals. Single crystals of (NH4)2V3O8 were synthesized on a large scale by hydrothermal reduction of NH4VO3 in ethanol‐H2O solutions in the presence of triblock copolymer Pluronic P123. The crystals are shining thin plates with (001) cleavage planes. Calcination of the (NH4)2V3O8 crystals at 300°C or above resulted in pure phases of V2O5. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


First, they emphasise the advantage that a democracy has in developing new technologies during the war time emergency an argument that is presented quite persuasively. Indeed, the handicap of an authoritarian society existed not only in the technological field but also in the tactical and strategic ones. Many Japanese people wanted to contribute to war efforts, yet the necessary flexibility in co-ordination and creative thinking were severely limited in wartime Japan for lack of democratic discussion. Second, as mentioned above, the authors point out serious mistakes made in Japanese strategy. Japan's ultimate defeat may have been unavoidable, yet it would appear that Japan could have fought more effectively and alleviated so disastrous a defeat had its navy not have stuck to an outmoded and unimaginative strategy against its formidable enemy. In their introduction, the authors emphasize that the book is not a complete history, for the period they cover is limited to 1887-1941. Theirs, however, is the first full-length history of the Japanese navy to cover the situation both before and after that period, though their analysis of the interrelations between Japan's naval strategy, domestic politics and foreign policy is relatively restrained because of the specialised nature of their study. Their descriptions of prominent naval officers in each period are very informative. The many maps and figures ofnaval battles, warship designs, fleet formations, and so on visually enhance the text.


Daniel Goleman was correct – it is Intelligence Quotient that gets a person a job, but it is Emotional Quotient that determines how far one can go in the job once employed. In the organisational world, I doubt there can there be any more important and powerful component of the Emotional Intelligence competencies set than the power to influence and persuade? Persuasion and influence comes to play in selling ideas to senior management, in convincing professionals that a different and less expensive project approach is necessary, in settling unwarranted conflict between individuals and even between organisations and yes, most importantly, in leading groups of individuals to become unified and effective teams.


Abstract The elliptic case of restricted four-body problem with variable mass of infinitesimal body is studied here. The three primary bodies which are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle and moving in the elliptical orbits around their common center of mass. Out of these primaries we have considered that one massive body is having radiating effect and other two bodies are oblate in shapes. The fourth body which have infinitesimal mass, are varying its mass according to Jeans law. We derive the equations of motion of the infinitesimal body under the generalized sense in the elliptic restricted four-body problem by using the Meshcherskii-space time transformations. Further we numerically study about the equilibrium points, Poincaré surfaces of section, regions of possible motion and basins of the attracting domain by considering the variation of parameters used. Further more we examine the stability of these equilibrium points and found them unstable.


Objective To study the role of TSP-1 and VEGF in the process of breast cancer infiltration,metastasis,relapse and prognosis.Methods 180 cases of breast cancer were followed up.The relationship between the expression of TSP-1 and VEGF and the tumor relapse and metastasis were studied.Results The relapse rate of TSP-1 positive expression was lower than it of TSP-1 negative expression.The relapse rate of VEGF positive expression was higher than it of VEGF negative expression.Conclusion TSP-1 is one of the most important inhibitors that can provent breast cancer from relapse and metastasis in a degree.VEGF is one of the most important promoters that can accelerate breast cancer to relapse and metastasis.


Chronic dysphonia is an unusual presentation of a retained laryngeal foreign body secondary to a penetrating neck injury. We describe a patient with a retained laryngeal foreign body and a relatively remote history of a penetrating neck injury, discuss the diagnosis and treatment, and present a review of the literature. The unusual location of this foreign body and the extended duration of symptoms before diagnosis are of value in raising clinical suspicion in other cases with similar presentations.


The invention relates to an encoding method for the compression of a video sequence is divided into frame groups (GOFs), the frame groups each of which, each of the motion compensation step in the decomposition level, the temporal filtering step, spatial resolution seutepreul continuously included a three-dimensional (3D) is decomposed by the wavelet transform. The motion compensation is encoded, based on the texture information together with the coding of the coding-related spatial resolution levels, and the motion estimation led motion vectors placed in a coded bit stream in front of it immediately. Encoding operations of the motion vector is running on a low spatial resolution, placed in the bit stream encoded by the fine bit-plane from each other in spatial resolution, only the fine-bit fine-bit-planes of the motion vector. Specific markers are bit-planes, times the decomposition levels and spatial resolution levels are introduced in the coded bit stream representing a respective end, additional specific markers are each spatial resolution level, the end of the motion vector information associated with the spatial resolution level It is introduced in the coded bit stream representing at. In the case of a very low decoding bit rate, to or allowed to skipping and decoding only the texture information, the remaining motion information by such solutions, or in another execution skips the rest of the space level of the residual motion information and associated time level ping it is allowed to.


Thank you very much for downloading fit to print the canadian students guide to essay writing. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this fit to print the canadian students guide to essay writing, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


On the basis of resident travel utility maximization objective function,time value concept is introduced to establish passenger flow share rate disaggregating prediction model.The parameters in this model are calibrated through calculation.It has reference value for predicting urban rail transit passenger flow share rate.


This paper presents a new approach to detect outliers. This paper detailedly introduces how to apply negative selection algorithm in outliers detection. Firstly, the maximum distance among all points is divided into a certain number of ranges which are encoded to binary codes. And then the distances between each point and a certain number (for example 20) points nearby are encoded to binary string based on the binary codes which were presented. Negative selection algorithm based on binary strings is applied to detect outliers. Experiments on random data to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach are presented. Experiments show that this approach can detect outliers effectively.


As with virtually all biologically essential transition metals, but probably in a more acute way than most, iron excess and deficiency underlie a range of pathological conditions in animals. Accordingly, regulatory systems maintain the proper iron amount to fulfill the needs of the whole body and of each individual cell, while avoiding deleterious effects. The latter may be due to lack of iron availability, e.g. at the active site of iron enzymes, or to reductive catalysis promoted by uncontrolled ferrous ions leading to the formation of reactive species such as the hydroxyl radical. Two major regulators maintain metazoan iron homeostasis, a systemic one relying on the circulating hormone hepcidin, and a ubiquitous cellular one organized around the Iron Regulatory Proteins. These central nodes of iron homeostasis are themselves regulated by numerous effectors beyond iron availability, and they impact other biological processes not directly connected to the use of iron by animal cells. Further, the use of iron resources and conditions impacting it, such as variations of the redox balance, regulate cell fate, e.g. self-renewal of stem cells and differentiation in hematopoiesis. Iron and redox homeostasis are grounded on a series of identified molecular events, but it is not clear how changes of the associated biological parameters may favor proliferation of leukemic clones detrimental to maturation, in acute myeloid leukemia for instance. It now appears that the complex interactions among the networks influencing iron and redox homeostasis should be treated with new integrated data and modeling tools, with the aim to provide a global view of the functional differences between normal and pathological hematopoiesis in particular. The outcomes of the currently on-going efforts in this area are presented herein.


To accelerate the promotion of South Hunan Grand Exploration is an important strategy of the development of regional economy in Hunan.In order to further promote the South Hunan Grand Exploration,it is important to feel the right pulse of the realistic basis in Chenzhou,Hengyang and Yongzhou,namely the policy basis,location basis,environment basis,industry basis and resource basis,etc.It is of great significance to further liberate people's thoughts and clarify the strategic targets,thinking mode and corresponding measures.


Several methods have recently been proposed to identify the parameters of Jiles-Atherton model, e.g. differential evolution method, particle swarm optimization, and optimization branch and bound. In this work, it is presented a simplified method that avoids the rough calculation of derivatives, the rough calculation of integrals and avoids filtering data during the processing of the material characterization. Other advantages of proposed method are speed in the parameter calculation, the initial and anhysteretic magnetization curves and restrictions on the search space of parameters are not used, the search space of parameters is wide ranging from zero to infinity, it uses a trust region strategy to improve the robustness when the initial set of parameters is far from solution. In order to validate the method, simulated loops are compared with experimental ones.


Abstract High carbon steel wires were loaded in tension to 79% ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and cathodically charged with hydrogen. The times to failure by hydrogen embrittlement (HE) were statistically analyzed to obtain the minimum incubation time and the mean time to failure. Electrochemical measurements of the mobile hydrogen content showed that baking the wires for 2 h at 200 C was effective in reducing the lattice hydrogen concentration to the same level as in uncharged material. Baking dramatically increased the embrittlement susceptibility of the high carbon wire, however, reducing both the minimum incubation time and the mean time to failure. These unexpected findings are explained by the effect of temperature on reversible and irreversible hydrogen trapping. Baking this material is believed to release hydrogen from relatively low energy innocuous traps and allow it to concentrate in traps with higher interaction energies. Upon reloading, these sites act as significant stress concentrators, le...


A new human activity detection method and a new particle filter based-tennis stroke detection algorithm are proposed. Our activity detection method is based on Efros et al.'s motion descriptor[4] and Ke et al.'s event detector[7]. Since both methods use optic flow, it is easy to combine them. However, the computational cost of the training increases considerably because of the increased number of weak classifiers. We reduce this computational cost by employing the Look Up Table, and extending Ke et al.'s weak classifiers to incorporate multi-dimensional features. We also propose a new algorithm for tennis stroke detection. Since the proposed activity detectors work individually, post-processing is required to merge individual detection results when multiple activity detectors are applied. Although the algorithm is only for tennis stroke detection, we found that the detection results can be merged and improved by introducing the game structure of the tennis. The proposed algorithm is based on the particle filter framework. It uses the outputs of the activity detectors as the input signals, however final thresholding is not required. The proposed method is applied to off-air tennis video data, and its performance is evaluated by comparison with the original two methods. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is a good compromise in terms of detection rate and of computation time of testing and training. The stroke selection algorithm is also applied, and it improves the performance of detection results.


ABSTRACT This article explores the construction of discursive actions and positioning of adult Israeli Jews who are renouncing their affiliation with religious Judaism and are seeking help in a secular computer-mediated 'troubles forum'. Adopting the perspective of data-oriented discourse analysis and using content and figurative language analyses, the article shows that all participants, men and women, are performing a forbidden discursive action from the perspective of the religious world when they voice their emotions, thinking about and coping with the complex process of secularisation. It also shows that the participants frequently oscillate between the religious and secular worlds even when they have joined the secular society.


The focus of this paper is to study how different techniques are incorporated in the postmodern fiction to present the multiplicity of meaning and subjectivity of the reality. For this purpose, the researcher has selected American novelist and short story writer Donald Richard DeLillo's short stories "The Itch" and "Coming. Sun. Mon. Tues". The researcher has analyzed the selected works using the theoretical frameworks provided by Fredric Jameson, Linda Hutcheon and Henri Bergson. The theoretical insights of the selected theorists help understand the subjective reality of the postmodernism. Textual analysis has been used as a method to study the selected fictional work. Postmodernism is critical of certain foundational conventions of philosophy, specifically, the Enlightenment thinking, as it symbolizes the pursuit of reason and logic. On the other hand, it focuses on the personalization and subjectivity in the construction of truth and worldviews. The rejection of objective reality gives way to multiple realities and subjectivity. American fiction, in the second half of the twentieth century, has been influenced by postmodernism to a great extent. The analyzed short stories provide a good postmodern reading since they cover a range of features that are relatable in the postmodern world.


neglected. Some of the best insights are provided not so much over the broad patterns as on particular items, such as in the skeptical assessment of the importance of arms limitation and in basic limitations on freedom for maneuver enjoyed by the U.S. and Soviet leaderships, which Larson sees as the main, though not the sole, reason for the strong degree of consistency in Soviet and American foreign policy during this period. In this sense, Larson's historical approach puts the vagaries of Carter's presidency and the prospects for different initiatives by Reagan into a suitable context. Indeed, events since 1975, as the chronological end of this study, have not greatly altered the picture of East-West relations outlined by Larson, except that the full consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan still remain to be seen. Considering the broad scope of this book, it is the last chapter on the future of Soviet-American rivalry that occasions special interest. Here, Larson is necessarily cautious because of the uncertain impact of short-term episodes, but so far