Magnetic field dependences of the Hall coefficient RH and resistivity have been studied in detail for dilute magnetic compounds La1−xCexB6 (x ≤ 0.1) at temperatures 1.8–300 K. It was established that the regime of weak localization of charge carriers, which was observed in these heavy fermion systems below 30 K destroys gradually in magnetic field up to 8 T. Moreover, in addition to the strong negative magnetoresistance (∆ρ/ρ ≈ 80%) a drastic enhancement of the negative Hall coefficient in magnetic field (∆RH/RH ≈ 50%) has been deduced at liquid helium temperatures. The results of comprehensive analysis contradict the predictions of Kondo-impurity approach for this archetypal strongly correlated electron system in the dilute impurity limit. An alternative interpretation of La1−xCexB6 properties is developed on the basis of spin-polaron approach, Pauli paramagnetism and the density of states renormalization effects at low temperatures.


Background: To reach the Millennium Development Goals for health, influential international bodies advocate for more resources to be directed to the health sector, in particular medical treatment. Yet, health has many determinants beyond the health sector that are less evident than proximate predictors. Aim: To assess the relative importance of major socioeconomic determinants of population health, measured as infant mortality rate (IMR), at country level. Methods: National-level data from 152 countries based on World Development Indicators 2003 were used for multivariate linear regression analyses of five socioeconomic predictors of IMR: public spending on health, GNI/capita, poverty rate, income equality (Gini index), and young female illiteracy rate. Analyses were performed on a global level and stratified for low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Results: In order of importance, GNI/capita, young female illiteracy, and income equality predicted 92% of the variation in national IMR whereas public spending on health and poverty rate were non-significant determinants when adjusted for confounding. In low-income countries, female illiteracy was more important than GNI/capita. Income equality (Gini index) was an independent predictor of IMR in middle-income countries only. In high-income countries none of these predictors was significant. Conclusions: The relative importance of major health determinants varies between income levels, thus extrapolating health policies from high- to low-income countries is problematic. Since the size, per se, of public health spending does not independently predict health outcomes, functioning health systems are necessary to make health investments efficient. Potential health gains from improved female education and economic growth should be considered in low- and middle-income countries


In recent years, adolescent sexuality and statutory rape have been constructed as leading inexorably to teen pregnancy and welfare dependency—manipulative older males impregnate young vulnerable females, who then give birth and apply for public assistance. While these connections are tenuous at best, millions of dollars have been allocated by the federal government and some state governments to step up statutory rape prosecutions. Such prosecutions are touted by policymakers as a means to protect young mothers, even as they have otherwise reduced financial and other supports to those same women. To explore this policy initiative from its conception through its implementation, I examine the discourses surrounding the federal welfare reform bill in 1996, and undertake a case study of one state which has greatly increased its statutory rape prosecutions as a means of decreasing its public assistance costs. I argue that conflating adolescent sexuality with non-marital reproduction and with poverty, as both an economic and moral affront to "traditional" American sensibilities, furthers a conservative agenda vis-à-vis gender, race, class, and sexuality. Further, the focus on, and panic over, the simplified and divisive moral undermines discussion and action on broader economic, political, social, and cultural inequalities.


In Canada, Garry oak ecosystems have a restricted distribution in the southwest corner of British Columbia. Bryophyte biodiversity research in these heavily altered ecosystems has been sporadic, with most of the focus being on rare species. The paper reports on the author's initial study on a broad-based bryophyte survey for Garry oak communities, focusing in the early stages on rare or 'interesting' species. Ephemerum serratum is reported here new to western Canada. Although Garry oak (Quercus garryana Dougl.) ecosystems are fairly widespread in the western United States, they have a restricted distribution at the northern limit of their range in the south-west corner of British Columbia, Canada (Fig. I), mainly on southeastern Vancouver Island and on the adjacent Gulf Islands. These open and climatically favourable coastal areas have had a long period of settlement resulting in the destruction of many of the original oak stands, associated meadows, and outcrop communities, and their replacement by urban centres or agricultural lands. Under five percent of the original oak forests remain in British Columbia today. The majority of the remaining oak habitats are heavily disturbed, and invasive exotic species such as Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) are widespread, restricting or eliminating native plant species over wide areas. However, concerns for protecting and conserving Garry oak habitats have led to an increased awareness of the natural values of these ecosystems (e.g., Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team 2003a and b) . Biodiversity inventory is an essential element of species-directed conservation management programmes, especially in heavily threatened habitats such as Garry oak ecosystems. Results from this type of research provide managers with important baseline data and can identify critical habitats within the landscape where conservation efforts can be focused. Unfortunately, basic inventory research is rarely funded in Canada, with most opportunities directed towards gathering information on known rare organisms or habitats. The investigation of bryophyte biodiversity in Qarry oak ecosystems in British Columbia has been sporadic, with most of the field studies scattered and somewhat opportunistic. A number of people, often naturalists, have made individual bryophyte collections over time and deposited them in regional herbaria. Only a few studies have been completed that focus , at least in part, on bryophytes in Garry oak habitats. These include Ryan (1991, 1993), who studied epiphytic bryophytes (and lichens) on Garry oaks in the Victoria area, and Godfrey (1977) who completed a study of the liverworts and hornworts in coastal I Biospherics Environmental Inc., 3-1175 E. 14th Ave., Vancouver, Canada, V5T 2P2. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 M. Miles and Associates Ltd., 645 Island Road, Victoria, B.C., Canada, V8S 2T7. Email: email@example.com


Here studied the mechanism of responded pattern of 33 neurons to sex pheromone in the antennal lobe (AL) of male moths Agrotis segetum. Pressure injecting 100 mmol/L GABA into AL, GABA can elicit inhibitory responses of slow hyperpolarization and long time inhibition of background spiking, alike which caused by sex pheromone in the same neuron. But GABA can not act on the excitation evoked by pheromone. Low-Cl~- saline caused that the IPSP to reverse the hyperpolarization, excitation evoked by pheromone was prolonged, and the distinct separation between bursts disappeared. Bicuculline was as a GABA_A receptor antagonist in vertebrates, and a water-soluble form of this agent was used for pressure ejection into the AL neuropil. Bicuculline increased the spike frequency in tested neurons, even strengthened the excitation phase acted by pheromone, and the hyperpolarization and spike-inhibition produced by pheromone was replaced by excitation. The effect was reversible by washing in normal saline. Results indicate that the hyperpolarization is related to GABA receptor, which responds to the sex pheromone in AL neurons in the male moths Agrotis segetum.


The Fast Mixed-Spectrum Reactor (FMSR) concept has been proposed by BNL as a means of alleviating certain nonproliferation concerns relating to civilian nuclear power. This breeder reactor concept has been tailored to operate on natural uranium feed (after initial startup), thus eliminating the need for fuel reprocessing. The fissile material required for criticality is produced, in situ, from the fertile feed material. This process requires that large burnup and fluence levels be achievable, which, in turn, necessarily implies that large fission-product inventories will exist in the reactor. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effects of large fission-product inventories and to analyze the effect of burnup on fission-product nuclide distributions and effective cross sections. In addition, BNL requested that a representative 50-group fission-product library be generated for use in FMSR design calculations.


This paper discusses methods and theories used in Australian stone artefact analysis over the last two decades. It is written from the perspective of someone seeking to study prehistoric human environmental adaptations through the analysis of entire assemblages. From this perspective I argue that the traditional view, that easily definable tool/implement types demarcate 'cultures', is still the major analytical framework used in Australia. Although some important changes have occurred in that 20-year period, I suggest that most of these 'new directions' are restrained within the structures of a paradigm which perceives 'stone tools' as 'cultural markers'.


Cut wintersweet flowers were pretreated with microwave(MW) or preservative(PS) singly or in combination and their influences on the physiological characters were studied.The result revealed that the microwave + preservative treatment(MW+PS) prolonged the freshness of the flowers.Compared with CK,the treatment increased the protein content,sugar content,fresh weight changing rate,cleaned fresh weight rate and POD activity of the flowers by 42.18%,47.11%,1.28%,10.57% and 75.12%,respectively,and prolonged their vase life by 5.65 days.On the other hand,it decreased their MDA content and wilt expulsion rate by 19.11% and 3.17%,respectively.MW or MW+PS promoted water absorption and water loss of flowering wood,thus helping to maintain a better balance of water metabolism of the cut wintersweet flowers.The effects of MW+PS were better than those of MW,indicating a synergistic effect.


The clinicopathologic features of 114 Japanese patients with extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck region were analyzed. The median age was 60.5 years and the male:female ratio was 1.5:1. The most common site of involvement was Waldeyer's ring, followed by the oral cavity, thyroid gland, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and larynx. Seventy‐five percent of the patients were in Stage I or Stage II at admission. Histologically, diffuse lymphoma accounted for 94% and follicular lymphoma for 6% of cases. The histologic grade according to the Working Formulation System of the National Cancer Institute was low in 11%, intermediate in 75%, and high in 14% of cases. Immunohistochemical study showed that the majority of the cases were of B‐cell type and only 13 cases (11%) were of the T‐cell type. Peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (eight cases) mainly occurred in the nasopharynx and nasal cavity, whereas four of five thymic T‐cell lymphomas were found in the palatine tonsil. The over‐all 5‐year survival rate was 54%, and the factors affecting survival were sex, histologic grade, T/B phenotype, clinical stage, and the site of initial presentation. Five‐year survival with nasal cavity and Waldeyer's ring lymphoma was 24% and 46%, respectively. The poor prognosis of lymphomas at these sites might result from the predominance of T‐cell lymphoma, the paucity of low grade lymphoma, and the relatively high incidence of cases that were in an advanced stage at presentation. In Stage II, patients treated with combined therapy tended to have a better 5year survival rate than those treated with radiotherapy alone.


The present study is mainly based on the field work conducted from 2008-2013 to different parts of North East India. Altogether collected 13 species of Tectaria from North East India are presented along with identification key, descriptions and photos for easy identification. All the collected species have been deposited at Botanical Survey of India, Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre, Itanagar (ARUN).


Purpose: The purpose of these studies was to determine if arterial angulations (through sitting or standing), shear stress (through local heating), or a combination of these factors affected vascular function. Moreover, this studied estimated the magnitude of the effect that biological sex has on these vascular responses. Methods: Twenty-six healthy, young (18-40 years old) males (n=13) and females (n=13) completed two experimental trials (2-h sitting and 2-h standing). In a randomized fashion, one leg was passively heated in order to increase shear rate. Following a 48h washout, participants returned to the laboratory to complete the other trial. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at the superficial femoral artery (SFA), and central and peripheral pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were measured using vascular ultrasound. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results: There was a non-significant decrease in FMD (1.45%; p = .06) during sitting and the decline in FMD was not different between biological sexes (p > .05). Further, standing resulted in a significant increase in peripheral PWV (50 cm/s; p < .05) but there was no change during sitting (p > .05). Overall, passive heating (1.42%; p < .05) and standing (1.42%; p < .05) both independently improved FMD in comparison to sitting. However, neither intervention attenuated the increases in peripheral PWV that occurred during standing (p > .05). ET-1 did not increase over the course of either trial and was not different between sexes (p > .05). Antegrade shear rate increased (p < .001) and retrograde stress decreased (p < .001) when passively heated. Further, there was vasoconstriction during standing with SFA diameter decreasing compared to sitting (0.28 mm; p < .001). Conclusions: Both interventions, passive heating and standing, appear to be equally effective at improving FMD. Further, we demonstrate that there is no significant impact of biological sex on sitting induced vascular dysfunction and the interventions intended to prevent this dysfunction. However, standing increased peripheral PWV and passive heating did not attenuate this response. ©2019 by Aaron Caldwell All Rights Reserved


Cesium is sorbed with relatively high selectivity by clay minerals. Accordingly, in groundwaters Cs is found in high amounts in suspended matter or in colloids, if these consist of or contain clay minerals. The sorption of Cs in sediments is also mainly determined by the presence of clay minerals and the sorption ratio at low salinity is found to be roughly proportional to the clay content in the sediments. Furthermore, with the same sediment the sorption ratio is inversily proportional to the concentration of NaCl which proves that ion exchange on the clay minerals is the prevailing sorption mechanism for Cs. It is shown that the sediments contain small amounts of sorption sites of high selectivity for Cs which govern the sorption behaviour at very small concentrations of Cs ions. These sorption sites are also responsible for Cs sorption on suspended particulates of clay in the groundwaters.


This paper describes a reengineering tool for automatically transforming a system composed of procedural programs into a functionally comparable object-oriented system. The transformation into the object-oriented form locates redundant duplicated and similar data and processes and abstracts them into classes and methods. The transformation process and the abstract object-oriented model are described in sufficient detail to illustrate the reengineering technique and approach.


Near patient diagnostics remain a critical need for infectious disease management. MBio Diagnostics has developed a low-cost cartridge and fluorescence imaging system for multiplexed point-of-care assays. Data for three modes of operation will be presented. Article not available.


In the title compound, [Ni(SCN)(C16H32N4)]ClO4·H2O, the NiII ion is coordinated by the four N atoms of the tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene macrocyclic ligand and by the S atom of a thiocyanate anion. The perchlorate anion is rotationally disordered around one Cl—O bond between two orientations; the occupancies refined to 0.61 (4) and 0.39 (4). Intermolecular O—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link two cations, two anions and two solvent water molecules into a centrosymmetric cluster. The crystal packing is further stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


The spontaneous emergence of enhanced responses and local orders are properties often associated with complex matter where nonlinearities and spatial inhomogeneities dominate. We discuss these phenomena in quantum devices realized with superconducting Josephson junction networks and cold atoms in optical lattices. We evidence how the pertinent engineering of the network's shape induces the enhancement of the zero-voltage Josephson critical currents in superconducting arrays as well as the emergence of spatially localized condensates for cold atoms in inhomogeneous optical lattices.


Objective: To explore the appliciation effects of PDCA circulation method in managing the cleaned and disinfected laryngoscope room. Methods: PDCA circulation method was used to collect material,find problem,analyze the reason,make plan,organize and implement and evaluate the effects. The biology condition of 55 cleaned and disinfected laryngoscopes,50 disinfectants in use,56 cleaned hands of staff and 50 times of disinfected laryngoscope store room atmosphere were randomly measured before and after using PDCA circulation method. Results: The quality of the cleaned and disinfected laryngoscope,disinfectant in use,the cleaned hand of staff and the atmosphere of disinfected laryngoscope store room met the requirement of " Technical Specifications of Endoscope Decontamination and Disinfection" after using the PDCA circulation method,the total qualified rate of which was 99. 05%. The qualified rate differences of four indexes after using the PDCA cycling method were statistically higher than before( P 0. 05).Conclusions: The effects of PDCA circulation method in managing the cleaned and disinfected are good,which is an effective way to improve the quality of cleaned and disinfected laryngoscope room.


Based on the published literature, comparison of the metazoan parasite faunas of brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) from freshwater localities in northeastern North America reveals that hosts in insular Newfoundland have fewer parasite species recorded from them. Of 45 parasite species or taxa, only 20 are common to the island and the mainland. Twenty-three parasite species have been reported from the mainland but not from the island, with most of the taxa being types common to non-salmonid fishes. Two species, the copepod Ergasilus luciopercarum and the digenean Tetracotyle, have been reported from charr on the island but not from the northeastern mainland. It is suggested that the primary reason for the difference in the structure of the assemblages is the lack of contact brook charr in Newfoundland have with percid, cyprinid, centrarchid, esocid, and catostomid fishes and their parasites.


An optical fiber gyroscope with the integrated optical frequency modulator is studied. and its short time noise level is equivalent to 10 rad/sec. This optical IC includes two geodesic lenses and two SAW modulators on the lithium-niobatre substrate.


Nathaniel Hawthorne's later novels and Harriet Hosmer's sculptures repeatedly represent women who are turned into stone. This reverses the goal of much neoclassical sculpture, whose reception was guided by the Pygmalion myth and the associated principle that the goal of sculpture is to invest inanimate matter with the appearance of life. This gives rise to what might be called the Pygmalion problem namely, that sculpture which successfully imitates the flesh excites desire, and is therefore morally suspect. Hosmer and Hawthorne avoid this problem by representing women who are, literally or metaphorically, transformed into marble. Rejecting sculptural realism and emotive content, they represent these women in a mannered style that deliberately rejects verisimilitude and emotional presence. This essay aims to discover a model that can account for some of the strange inconsistencies they exhibit with regard to aesthetics and the way that these inconsistencies manifest themselves formally in their works. While Hosmer's sculptures confound by their disregard for bodily presence and emotive content, her biography presents a second conundrum. Because of her independent success as a sculptor and her unconventional habits, Hosmer was popularly considered an exemplar of radically 'emancipated' femininity. It comes then as something of a surprise to see that her sculptural production in the years 1850-60, the most prolific years of her career, consists almost exclusively of a series of traumatised or humiliated female figures who meet a variety of unpleasant fates with expressionless equanimity. Similar inconsistencies can be found in Hawthorne's works; can be traced throughout his whole oeuvre, really, although I am going to concentrate primarily on the two late novels that are contemporaneous with Hosmer's work and with the period of his acquaintance with her: The Blithedale Romance (1852) and The Marble Faun (1860). The narrators of these texts are attracted to realistic sculptures (and women) that convey an impression of sensual embodiment. But at the same time, other textual voices carry on a running diatribe against such lifelike productions on the grounds that their invitation to the senses is disreputable and dangerous. Eschewing the Pygmalion effect produced by marble blocks that simulate living women, Hawthorne's texts effect the opposite. In each of these novels, forceful and unconventional women undergo humiliating transformations (resulting in the death of one and the radical chastisement of the other) that are metaphorically characterised as metamorphoses from living flesh into 1. Theodor W. Adorno, Aesthetic Theory (1970), Gretel Adorno and Rolf Tiedermann (eds), trans. Robert Hullot-Kentor (University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 1997), p. 50.


In Foucault and Law: Towards a Sociology of Law as Governance Hunt and Wickham relate Michel Foucault's work to law in a book written for lawyers.' The book also builds on reflections in his last lectures on the subject of 'governance', or the study of governing. It is short and lucid. The question is whether it has added to our understanding of law beyond the use which criminologists have made of Foucault's work. Foucault's fundamental concern was with power and knowledge. Illumination of the relation between law's power and law's knowledge would be welcome. The treatment of Foucault is helpful at an elementary level, but the authors have not entirely succeeded in getting at the unique value of their subject for obtaining a greater understanding of law. An important part of the book is Alan Hunt's claim that, according to Foucault, law has little part to play in the government of modemrn Western society, ie that Foucault 'excludes' law. I will argue that his exclusion claim is wrong. Admittedly not too much depth should be demanded from a slim and approachable work. Its strength is its simplicity and the considerable amount of Foucault's writing that has been pre-digested for the reader with a legal background. However, there is as well an important misconception, which has hindered the authors in understanding the relevance of Foucault's power/knowledge thesis to the study of law. This article will outline the approach and form of the book before addressing Foucault's alleged exclusion of law from modem social control, and the authors' misconception about power and knowledge. In a final section, I will look at further ways in which some of Michel Foucault's ideas can usefully be applied to law.


We prove that quantum key distribution is secure against several types of attacks within the framework of classical knowledge knowledge for quantum systems, a formal model which was developed in [8]. In particular we rephrase security as a logical property and use meta-logic reasoning on the finite state machine corresponding to the quantum key distribution protocol. While these security issues have been studied before, it is the logical-based approach that is original here.


Milinda Fernando , David Neilsen , Yosef Zlochower , Eric W. Hirschmann , and Hari Sundar 4,∥ Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation, and School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, USA School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA


It is difficult to challenge a strong consensus that governments must intervene in a worsening crisis of emotional and psychological well-being. The article relates rising estimates of problems and corresponding calls for intervention in educational settings to the increasingly blurred boundaries between a cultural therapeutic ethos, academic research and policy. The recent revival of an old discourse of 'character' reinforces a search for better measurement as the basis for behaviour change strategies reflected in government interest in new ideas from behavioural science. In response to C. Wright Mills' injunction that a sociological imagination should try to understand how social change reflects changing images of the human subject, the article explores the educational implications of these development. It argues that the depiction of well-being and character as a set of behaviours and the parallel drive to measure them are rooted in a diminished view of an essential human vulnerability. This legitimises the imposition of psychological interventions that avoid moral and political questions about the nature of well-being and character and the conditions needed to develop them.


This paper analyses the evolution of wage inequality in Kenya between 1964 and 2000. Our measure of wage inequality is the ratio of wages in manufacturing to wages in agriculture, which can be seen as an indicator of sectoral wage-inequality or as a proxy for skilled to unskilled wages. We find that changes in relative wages have primarily been driven by the degree of openness, while other factors such as the capital-labour ratio, educational attainment, relative labour-productivity, and the ratio between agricultural and manufacturing prices had no significant effect. We conclude that international market integration has reduced wage-inequality in Kenya.


Abstract During the last decade there has been a resurgence of support for the notions of open and student‐centred learning, extending far beyond the concepts originally pioneered by distance‐learning institutions such as the Open University. Hence current and projected requirements and constraints in the fields of training and education are placing a greater emphasis on programmes of self‐study, and many types of suitable materials are now available for such schemes, ranging from conventional books to sophisticated systems involving computers and interactive videodisc. However, the increasingly wide variations between students in terms of background experience and level of expertise can cause difficulties when specifying efficient study regimes. The solution proposed by this paper is the design of an adaptable knowledge‐based educational Advisor, capable of planning and executing suitable routes for each individual learner through a generalized topic‐space in order to achieve a specified set of didactic ...


We investigate the relationship of Indonesian bank diversification towards its long term performance and risk profile with Indonesian bank data from 2009 to 2013. Non-interest income to total operating income of the bank measures its bank diversification level. Bank value is measured by the adjusted Tobin's Q and risk profile which is broken down into total risk, idiosyncratic risk, and systematic risk. The result shows that bank non-interest income diversification has a positive influence on its franchise value. There is, however, no strong evidence that diversification can lower a bank's risk profile.


A novel wafer level packaging process for phosphor converted LED is presented in this paper. The core of this process is the fabrication of a silicon substrate with cavities for phosphor printing and through-silicon copper pillars for 3D interconnection. A double-side polished 4-inch wafer is used as the substrate. In the present process, DRIE is applied to the back side of the silicon wafer firstly for forming blind vias. The next step is to perform DRIE from the front side to create cavities for LED chip mounting and phosphor printing. Copper is then electroplated to fill the blind vias to form copper pillars. After the copper plating, KOH etching is applied to the front side to further etch the cavities in order to expose the embedded copper pillars. Afterwards, solder is plated on the exposed tips of copper pillars at the bottom of the cavities. Finally, the copper overburden on the back side of the wafer is patterned as the redistribution layer for the next level of interconnection. Subsequent to the fabrication of silicon substrate, blue LEDs are flip-chip mounted on the pre-plated solder bumps in the cavities. Reflow soldering is then conducted to fix the LED chips. Following an epoxy dispensing process, yellow phosphor powder is printed into the cavity for color tuning. The pre-dispensed epoxy is then UV-cured to serve as the phosphor powder binder and the LED chip encapsulant. The present configuration offers a structure with low profile and compact footprint for LED wafer level packaging. The fabrication process is described in detail in this paper.


Polyphenol-rich rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) leaves have attracted attention as a food material. In this study, we compared the total polyphenols, total proanthocyanidin content, and antioxidant activity of the leaves of 18 blueberry varieties and investigated the seasonal variation in polyphenols. We also evaluated the anti-cancer cell proliferation properties of the rabbiteye blueberry leaf specific cultivar 'Kunisato 35 Gou'. Rabbiteye blueberry leaves had significantly higher total polyphenol and total proanthocyanidin values than northern highbush blueberry and southern highbush blueberry leaves. The antioxidant activity of blueberry leaves was highly positively correlated with both the total polyphenol and total proanthocyanidin content. Variations were observed in the total polyphenol and total proanthocyanidin content of rabbiteye blueberry leaves harvested at different points in the growing season; leaves collected in fall to winter contained more epicatechin in addition to proanthocyanidins. In the evaluation of anti-cancer cell proliferation properties against HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, the September-harvested extracts of rabbiteye blueberry 'Kunisato 35 Gou' showed strong properties, and the use of an FITC Annexin V apoptosis detection kit with propidium iodide confirmed that this HL-60 cell death occurred via apoptosis. Limiting the harvest time would make rabbiteye blueberry leaves a more functional food ingredient.


Even though earlier -works such as John Fowles' The French Lieutenant's Woman or Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea foreshadow current interest in the Victorian period, neo-Victorian fiction has been defined as an independent genre since the 1990s. More than just examples of historical fiction, neo-Victorian novels engage with and (re)interpret the Victorians with a marked self-consciousness. Thus, they perform a double task: in masquerading as Victorian novels, they raise questions about identity and difference between the Victorian period and the present day, shedding light on contemporary issues as well as providing a vehicle for expressing Victorian taboos, or questioning their (our?) values. The recurrent trope of cross-dressing and masquerade can be understood as a reflection of this duality. The aim of this paper, then, is to explore the use of this trope in the novels of Sarah Waters as a metaphor for the status of neo-Victorian fiction in general.


The present invention discloses a fall alarm Bluetooth insole, the insole comprising a body, a body in the insole, also provided by monitoring body motion pose determining whether a fall, and a fall alarm alert Bluetooth device. Beneficial effects in that small, portable, integrated insole installed, without any sense of incidental, consistent with human wearing habits, with a pressure sensor, an angle sensor and information detected by the acceleration sensor fusion, the correct rate is determined, the correct rate in more than 95%.


This thesis attempts to explore the relationships between the Buildings Sector, energy efficiency and global warming. Through a qualitative analysis the author illustrates the connection between these three areas and shows how both energy efficiency, as a key policy measure, and the Buildings Sector, as the key recipient of such policies, can act together to significantly mitigate the effects of global warming and resulting climate change. First, the reader is given the tools to understand the issues surrounding global warming and climate change. This is accomplished through an overview of related science, history and environmental and economic impacts. Future climate scenarios are explained and mitigation options are offered. Second, an overview of energy efficiency as the primary mitigation option for global warming is given. Terminology, history and mitigation potential of energy efficiency and how it applies across market sectors are reviewed. Barriers to implementation of energy-efficiency projects and the need for strong policy are also explored. Third, the Buildings Sector, showing the most promise for greenhouse gas mitigation through energy-efficiency investments, is analyzed. This analysis focuses on the current consumption patterns of buildings, on available energy-efficient technologies, and on the characteristics of efficiency projects in buildings and how they support the goals of broader climate change policy. The analysis concludes with a review of the barriers to such projects along with an overview of the policies in place meant to overcome these barriers. Finally, the author summarizes her research and offers her conclusions. Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my mother, Sheila Scott. Without her help I never could have finished. And to my advisor Tony Ciochetti, whose enthusiasm, encouragement and patience guided me through the process and kept me moving forward.


Under 20 clubs in Grenada and 11 other countries throughout the Caribbean aim to educate young people about sexuality, encourage peer-to-peer support for the needy and disabled, and engage parents as supports. Peer counselors also work with their peers in teaching skills helpful in developing values, self-esteem, and life goals, and not just contraception and sexuality issues. One 17 year old reports how the program helped him to understand the physical and emotional changes he was undergoing, and to be able handle problems and help others handle their problems. A major program goal is to make teenagers aware of the disadvantages of teen pregnancy, and aware that prevention with abstinence or contraceptives use is possible; another goal is to encourage young people to talk openly about sexuality. Under 20 Club members recommended to family planning experts participating at a recent regional conference that adolescent programs must be "client focused" in planning and service delivery, even to include youth as board members. The involvement of youth directly in decision making affecting their lives is very important. The Under 20 Club began less than 10 years as part of a regional strategy to prevent teen pregnancy.


Soil waterlogging is a major abiotic stress that affects the growth and yield of forage grasses in the tropics. Brachiaria forage grasses are widely planted in the tropics to sustain livestock production. An outdoor study was conducted using plastic cylinders under drained and waterlogged soil conditions in order to identify root and shoot traits associated with waterlogging tolerance in Brachiaria ruziziensis (waterlogging sensitive) and Brachiaria humidicola (waterlogging tolerant). For that reason, dry mass, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, root morpho-anatomical traits (aerenchyma, stele proportion, suberin deposition) and total non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in leaf tissue were determined. Under waterlogging, reductions of shoot biomass, chlorophyll loss, impairment of photosynthetic efficiency and diminution of antioxidant system were found in B. ruziziensis but not in B. humidicola. In B. humidicola an increase of the antioxidant system in response to waterlogging was found. Under waterlogging, both grasses showed an increase in root aerenchyma, reduction of root stele proportion and shorter roots than plants grown under drained conditions. We conclude that a combination of greater aerenchyma formation, smaller stele proportions, increased suberin deposition in the outer part of the root and an escalation of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system acts to enhance root aeration and prevent the deleterious effect of reactive oxygen species in plants of B. humidicola subjected to waterlogged conditions.


An improved gas spring (20) has a drive motor for driving a piston. A piston head (32) has a thread (36) at an outer periphery that is guided along a mating thread (38) in an inner periphery (37) of a cylinder (22). The piston (32) is caused to rotate relative to the cylinder, and is guided for reciprocating movement. In this manner, a drive motor is incorporated into the gas spring such that the gas spring has both a driven and a manual mode. The inventive gas spring has particular application in attaching a vehicle closure to a vehicle frame.


just in senior executives. Unfortunately, despite growing evidence to support such a move, significant barriers remain. Many clinicians show skepticism about the value of spending time on leadership vs the immediate benefit of providing care, for example, while the value of effective leadership on patient outcomes is hard to quantify. What's more, unlike academic research, few healthcare professionals deem leadership positions a gateway to career progression, disincentivising attempts at leadership development (Mountford and Webb 2009). Like any problem, the implications of this aren't limited to current professionals and these attitudes, ingrained at medical school, emphasise the importance of undergraduate education as a catalyst for organisational change. Despite this, as three 4th year medical students, we find current leadership education in the undergraduate curriculum to be poor, relying on experiential learning in the place of transferable skills. The importance of effective leadership on patient care, despite clear support from existing literature, is rarely emphasised and challenging the status quo is seen to be disruptive, rather than innovative. Yet to drive new cultures of leadership, disruptive education is needed. We students as future leaders of healthcare should be taught key skills needed to engage staff, delegate effectively and attitudes must shift to reframe leadership as an opportunity to make meaningful change, rather than a burden. Fortunately, virtual education has provided us with the means to develop our leadership skills outside of conventional curriculae. Courses from the NHS Leadership Academy, for example, are available to all, including medical students. The Edward Jenner Programme, which we have recently completed, is free, can be completed parttime and seeks to develop diverse leadership styles and transferable skills (NHS Leadership Academy 2020). With a current lack of undergraduate leadership education, and the need to develop future leaders, we feel validated programmes such as these should be offered as additional credits or student-selected components (SSCs).


During the design of an accelerator board with two different ASICs, a methodology for the concurrent design of a chipset and a software system working as a runtime environment has been developed. The software system is implemented in the most appropriate language, e.g. C, and the board is modeled in a hardware description language, e.g. VHDL. A portable software library in C and VHDL was developed to allow the VHDL simulation process and the runtime system to exchange stimuli and results concurrently. This approach addresses the limitations of the VHDL standard testbench concept.<<ETX>>


This paper aims to explore the centrality to Kubrick's cult reputation of a touchstone resource for Kubrick fans: Vivian Kubrick's 1980 documentary Making the Shining. Through an analysis of the documentary itself, as well as a charting of its circulation from original broadcast on television to its dissemination and discussion via a prominent Kubrick fan site, alt.movies.kubrick (amk), the paper will explore the shifting valuations of this crucial Kubrick-related paratext in relation to Kubrick's status as cult auteur and to forms of technological change which have impacted on this documentary's history of distribution and dissemination. In particular, the paper will attempt to problematize the notion that the cult status and value of particular texts automatically diminishes when they become readily available on DVD, by focusing on the range of ways in which Making the Shining is valued by amk users, subsequent to its shift in status from a rare object (swapped on second- and third-generation video copies of off-air recordings) to a key DVD extra, in a remastered form, on DVD releases of The Shining from 1999.


Blade for a turbo machine impeller having N blades. In one end of the blade, the blade has a platform which is integrally formed with the airfoil of the blade. In a portion of the axial extent of the blade, passing through the platform wall, the area in the plane perpendicular to the axis X of the impeller is substantially by two straight segments disposed on two sides of the airfoil It is configured. Each of these straight line segments form an angle α of 90 ° ~180 ° / N relative to the radial direction R on both sides of the airfoil. .Field


A great variety of functional assays are in use to evaluate novel ligands of tachykinin receptors. These techniques, however, are generally labor and time consuming and hardly suitable for high throughput screening. Using human recombinant NK-2 receptors expressed in CHO cells, we have developed an assay based on direct measurement of guanine nucleotide exchange on G-proteins. [35S]GTPγS, which cannot be hydrolyzed by the intrinsic GTPase activity of the α-subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein, was employed. Six ligands of NK-2 receptors including both natural neurokinins and neurokinin A analogs were used for the assay validation. The assay was shown to discriminate successfully between partial and full agonism, as well as between agonism and antagonism of the peptides. Besides the exquisite specificity and high throughput, the assay obviates the need for laboratory animals and cumbersome muscle-bath techniques for conventional tachykinin pharmacology. The functional GTPγS assay is a specific and reliable high throughput screening tool for the investigation of pharmacologic properties of neurokinin A analogs. The assay has multiple advantages over existing techniques and is favored for studies on structure-activity relationships in peptides.


This study investigated the intensive and the extensive reading habits of Communication Educators in Ghana. It sought to explore how reading habits enhance the professional and personal lives of the Communication Educators. Questionnaires were used to gather responses from a total of 80 Communication Educators. The findings of this research clearly depict that most of the Communication Educators are not passionate readers considering the fact that they mostly read pedagogical materials in their field of study with minimal concentration on materials which required daily reading to broaden their knowledge base and also for pleasure and relaxation. The findings also revealed the constrains that some of the Educators face in getting current pedagogical textbooks from their various Institutions for the purpose of teaching. Keywords : Reading; Reading habits; Communication Educators. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/11-3-05 Publication date: January 31 st 2020


Incidents in industries have huge social and political impact and minimizing the consequent damage has been a high priority. However, automated analysis of repositories of incident reports has remained a challenge. In this paper, we focus on automatically extracting events from incident reports. Due to absence of event annotated datasets for industrial incidents we employ a transfer learning based approach which is shown to outperform several baselines. We further provide detailed analysis regarding effect of increase in pre-training data and provide explainability of why pre-training improves the performance.


Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) has been used over the years has a nutritional surrogate. Few studies have been focused on it as a possible independent factor on cancer outcome. Aims: To characterize and analyse demographic and disease factors in early stage lung cancer patients and impact of pre-treatment BMI on outcomes. Methods: Patients with lung cancer diagnosis in a tertiary hospital over 3 years were selected and retrospectively analysed in terms of demographics, tumour characteristics, treatment, response to treatment, overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: One hundred and forty nine patients were classified as early stage (I, II and IIIA). The median age was 67 years (44-90 years), the majority were male (n=113; 75,8%), smoking history in 110 (73,8%). Thirty-four patients died in the time of analysis (22,8%). We found that estimated OS and PFS were significantly different in the underweight group (UW, BMI Conclusion: Having into account the pitfalls of a small and heterogeneous sample, our analysis shows that maybe special concern with UW patients should be taken in their initial evaluation, as a way of changing outcomes in patients with early stage lung cancer.


In previous papers the author has proposed a cosmological model called the Self-Similar Hierarchical Cosmology in which nature is viewed as being organized into a transfinite hierarchical arrangement of self-similar systems. The self-similarity is a discrete rather than a continuous form of conformal invariance since corresponding analogue systems are separated by large intervals in spatio-temporal scale. According to this model galactic, stellar and atomic systems define the three major subsets or scales of the currently observable portion of the hierarchy. Properly identified analogue systems from the galactic, stellar and atomic scales are predicted to have formally similar morphologies, kinematics and dynamics The main purpose of the present paper is to develop an improved formal description of the model based on the concepts and mathematical language of set theory. Requirements for testing the theoretical model against empirical data are considered. New evidence that suggests that the model may corre...


Aim: The aim of this work is to study the human mental disorders in Cyprus and their relationship to smoking and air pollution.
Methods: The statistical methods were used to derive the results of this work are Student t-test in order to check the statistical significance of the human mental disorders in relation to gender, One-Way ANOVA test in order to check the statistical significance of human mental disorders in relation to age and the Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between these disorders of both predisposing factors of smoking and air pollution.
Results: The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the number of human mental disorders in relation to gender, there is a statistically significant relationship between these disorders and age, and in particular they occur mainly at ages 15-44. Finally, there is a statistically significant relationship between the numbers of incidents of human mental disorders with air pollution and there is no statistically significant relationship with smoking.
Conclusions: This study has shown that human mental and behavioral disorders differ in the incidence in terms of age while air pollution is a significant predisposition. Moreover, from all mental and behavioral disorders, mood affective disorders hold the first place in deaths of both men and women.


Abstract Background One scope of the Active and Healthy Ageing framework is to increase awareness on elderly-related topics. The year 2020 has seen an upheaval across the world caused by the COVID-19 emergence, even higher to older persons. Methods In Italy, data gathered by the PASSI d'Argento behavioural surveillance system on general population aged 65+ in the timeframe 2016-2019 describe health conditions, lifestyles and care needs for elderly. Results Basing on physical activity recommended by the WHO globally, 33% of non-physically impaired older persons reaches out those levels, 27% are partially active, 40% is sedentary. 9% fell down within 30 days prior the interview, accessing hospital was necessary in 19% of cases; 64% of falling occurred at home, 20% outdoor. 61% refers at least one infrastructural housing issue, 15% perceive higher neighbourhood insecurity. 35% reported difficulties in accessing essential services, especially to local health premises and for necessities. About 19% lives socially isolated, 21% had not any contact (neither by phone) with anyone in a typical week, 71% do not attend collective meetings, such as at a club or church. Nearby 1 out of 3 (29%) represents an asset to the own family/community: 19% looks after cohabiting people, 14% relatives or friends not living together with, 6% engage in volunteering. Participation in training courses or social events (trips/stays organised) regards little more than 2 over65 out of 10: 5% partakes in learning courses, 23% enjoyed those latest occasions. Such low social connectedness is observed even among «younger elderly» (aged 65-74). Nearly 19% referred frailty impacting on their own families mainly, 94% of frail elderly is given help from relatives, 20% from professional caregivers, 12% from acquaintances. All these factors suffer from socio-economic and territorial differences. Among elderly reporting many economic difficulties, social isolation is 31%, frailty 28%, difficult access to services 58%, falling 15%, with a geographic gradient at the expense of the Southern Regions. Conclusions COVID-19 is a clear threat to older persons: in Italy, monitoring ageing dimensions under the pandemic scenario represents even a greater opportunity to have scientific data which describe the impact of health emergency on elderly.


Although previous kinetic results on the solvolysis of trans-[Coen2N3Cl]+ in water + co-solvent mixtures suggest that plots of log (rate constant) against the reciprocal of the dielectric constant are linear and independent of the co-solvent used, such a plot for propan-2-ol as co-solvent shows considerable curvature. The conclusion that might be drawn from the earlier results that the influence of solvent structure on the initial and transition states is about the same does not apply here and the application of a free-energy cycle to the process initial state → transition state in water and in the mixed solvent shows that the effect of solvent structure dominates the complex in the transition state. Enthalpies and entropies of activation for the solvolysis are correlated with changes in the physical properties of the mixtures and are compared with those for the cis-complex.


This article analyzes the implementation of China's nine-year compulsory education and the factors of impacting compulsory education: economic factors,demographic situation,national traditions and legal preparations,compares the implementation of 12-year compulsory education in other countries and explains the goal of the high school education.Finally it canbe concluded that the target of current compulsory education is to implement nine-year compulsory education fairly,at the same time we should view the 12-year compulsory education as a long-term goal.


Part I: Editorial Introduction.- Part II: Spatial Systems Analysis.- Part III: Regional Growth and Distribution.- Part IV: Regional Policy and Uncertainty.- Part V: Urban Agglomerations.


The small heat shock proteins (sHsp/HSPB) and their implication in the development of degenerative diseases. Stress proteins are present in all the cells and participate in the synthesis of proteins binding their selves to the newly formed peptides to direct their folding, thus ensuring their three-dimensional structure and appropriate functioning. Besides, stress proteins are able to bind to damaged peptides and proteins due to diverse types of aggressions, enabling their repair or degradation. When cells are exposed to adverse situations, a rapid increase in concentration of stress proteins occurs. Stress protein expression had been associated to heat shocks only, but nowadays we know that stress proteins are induced as a response to a wide array of physiological and environmental aggressions such as: viral infections, inflammations, febrile responses, cell exposure to cytotoxic compounds, pH acidification, anoxia, and heat shock. The production of this type of molecules is a defense mechanism that allows the cell to adapt to anomalous situations and increase its survival capacity. In our study we present a brief historical account on stress proteins, their association with some pathologies, and discuss the current state of knowledge about this type of molecules and the possible mechanisms involved in protein conformational disorders or proteopathies.


Fifteen min-microtremor data sets were collected at 136 sites from a coastal area of Kunsan and 117 sites from an inland area of Jeonju located in SW Korea, and were analyzed for the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) of the sites. The microtremor spectra of the coastal area have stronger energy in the lower frequency range from 1-6 Hz than those of the coastal area. This result can be attributed to the effect of the waves and tides in the Keum river and the Yellow sea. Twenty four hours of measurement of the microtremor indicated that the microtremor spectrum correlates with the human activities, but the microtremor HVSR peak was observed consistently at the characteristic frequency for the site. The HVSR peaks were grouped into 4 types -"single peak", "double peak", "broad peak" or "no peak"- based on their shapes. More than 90% of the data sets exhibit peak frequencies (F ) which can be easily identified. The distribution of F reveals a close relationship with the topography and local geology of the areas, exhibiting high F s in the hillside areas and low F s in the reclaimed land area. While the amplitudes of microtremor HVSR peak frequencies are less than 4 in the downstream of the inland area, those of the recently reclaimed land in the coastal area are extremely high (more than 10). The results of this study indicate that detailed HVSR studies are essential for the earthquake hazard reduction of reclaimed lands.


To find the laboratory-related indexes of idiopathic venous thromboembolism.We laboratory-related indexes(Fibriogen,White Blood Cell,Platelet,ABO blood type) for hospitalized patients of no history of thrombosis and the first idiopathic venous thromboembolism is examined.Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of the correlation between these laboratory-related indexes and the idiopathic venous thromboembolism.It is resulted that through the univariate analysis,Fbg and WBC were higher in"thrombosis group"than in "the control group"(P0.05),PLT and ABO blood type were not difference between "thrombosis group"and"the control group"(P0.05).Through the Logistic regression model analysis,Fbg and WBC were the independent risk factors of the idiopathic venous thromboembolism(P0.05),the odds ratio were 2.17,1.36.The overall partial regression coefficient of 95% confidence interval were 1.306~3.608,1.074~1.719.It is conclused that laboratory-related indexes(Fbg,WBC) are the independent risk factors of the idiopathic venous thromboembolism.By combination with the other clinically relevant factors,it may contribute to the early warning and early diagnosis of the idiopathic venous thromboembolism.


Objective microalbuminuria in high blood pressure and diabetes nephrosis early diagnosis of significance.Methods the research object will be divided into pure hypertension diabetes,high blood pressure of pure/with diabetes mellitus group,diabetic nephropathy group and healthy controls,and by immune method to detect urine than turbidity trace albumin,the content of the urea enzymatic detection serum urea nitrogen(BUN) content,alkaline GuWeiSuan method to detect serum muscle(Scr) content of the liver,and the correlation analysis.Results When the urine mALB simple hypertension,diabetes and high blood pressure alone with diabetes,already significantly higher,P0.05,statistically significant differences.Diabetic nephropathy,the urine mALB has much higher than the healthy control group,P0.01,the difference was statistically significant.BUN and Scr is only when the disease progression to diabetic nephropathy,was significantly higher compared with the healthy control group,P0.01,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion kidney damage and high blood pressure and diabetes related,microalbuminuria kidney early damage a sensitive indicator,so microalbuminuria detection of high blood pressure and diabetes in the early diagnosis of kidney disease to have the important meaning.


: In 20 th century India is aiming to be developed country. The backbone of any developed country is its Infrastructure facility. Now day in India lot of infrastructure projects are going on, in that the road transportation facility is a very important criteria. In recent years there is spontaneous increase in demand of good quality pavements in Urban as well as in rural areas. The construction of good quality roads is mainly depend upon the funding available for construction and quality of raw material available for construction of road, so it very important to construct good quality roads in low budget. Due to scarcity natural resources, the cost of raw material is increasing day by day, so it is important to find out alternative material for construction of roads. Now a day's various Industrial wastes are utilized for road construction. In Kolhapur city there are lot of foundry industries, which generated lot foundry sand waste. Generally this waste is dumped in open areas. This foundry sand can be utilized for various construction purposes. Famously this is utilized in concrete. In this study the emphasis is given to use of foundry sand waste in flexible pavement construction. The focus of this study is to analyse the impact of foundry sand on properties of bitumen. In this study we have carried out standard testing of bitumen with percentage replacement of foundry sand to compare the properties of normal bitumen and foundry sand mix bitumen. 2%, 3% & 4 % foundry sand replacement is done and tests are carried out as per standard procedure. After conduction of tests it has been found that the properties of bitumen are changed and those are not as per IS requirements. Only the value of flash point and fire is within the range specified by IS codes.


We use a definition of an equilibrium rate of unemployment as a mismatch indicator. An application of the indicator to nine Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries leads to diverging results. Most of the considered countries have experienced increasing mismatch in the 1970s and decreasing mismatch in the 1990s. The latter result is somewhat surprising, since mismatch was expected to be increasing in the 1990s. However, the estimates for Germany are against this international trend. Mismatch is not in general lower in countries with a more flexible labour market, but is decreasing in some of the countries which have chosen more flexibility on the labour market.


Hiatus hernia after oesophagectomy is an uncommon but serious complication of oesophageal cancer surgery. With improving long-term oncologic outcomes, post oesophagectomy hiatus hernia is an increasingly recognised entity in oesophageal cancer survivorship. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of and risk factors for paraconduit hiatus hernia (PHH), and to describe management approaches in a tertiary referral centre.

 All patients undergoing oesophagectomy for cancer from 2008 to 2022 were included. Early PHH was defined as occurring within 3 months of index surgery, with all other PHH defined as late PHH. Surveillance computed tomography scans were undertaken among all disease-free patients to 5-years postoperatively. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine independent risk factors for PHH.

 897 patients were studied. Early PHH occurred in 1.2%, and late PHH in 5.7% of patients. There was no late recurrence after early PHH. PHH was an asymptomatic radiologic finding in 45.5% of early and 84.3% of late cases. Median time to PHH was 15.7 months postoperatively. Nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting were the most common symptoms associated with PHH. Surgical intervention was required in 25.8% of cases, more commonly following early PHH (63.6%) as compared with late PHH (17.6%, P < 0.01). Operative approach (P < 0.001), extended resection of crura or diaphragm (P < 0.001) and male sex (P = 0.037) were associated with increased risk of hiatus hernia.

 Paraconduit hiatus hernia is an uncommon complication after oncologic oesophagectomy. Surgical intervention is often required for patients with PHH presenting in the first three months after surgery, but a majority of patients with asymptomatic late PHH may be managed expectantly.


Let $E$ be an algebraic extension of a global field $E_{0}$ with a nontrivial Brauer group Br$(E)$, and let $P(E)$ be the set of those prime numbers $p$, for which $E$ does not equal its maximal $p$-extension $E(p)$. This paper shows that $E$ admits one-dimensional local class field theory if and only if there exists a system $V(E) = \{v(p)\colon \ p \in P(E)\}$ of (nontrivial) absolute values, such that $E(p) \otimes_{E} E_{v(p)}$ is a field, where $E_{v(p)}$ is the completion of $E$ with respect to $v(p)$. When this occurs, we determine by $V(E)$ the norm groups of finite extensions of $E$, and the structure of Br$(E)$. It is also proved that if $P$ is a nonempty set of prime numbers and $\{w(p)\colon \ p \in P\}$ is a system of absolute values of $E_{0}$, then one can find a field $K$ algebraic over $E_{0}$ with such a theory, so that $P(K) = P$ and the element $\kappa (p) \in V(K)$ extends $w(p)$, for each $p \in P$.


Purpose: This research was done to confirm the effect of secretin on pepsin secretion and to study whether or not feeding can depress the secretin-stimulated pepsin secretion (SSPS) with its related factors. Methods: Heidenhain (HP) and Pavlov pouches (PP) were made in 6 dogs and cannulae were then inserted into the pouches. The fluids were collected through the cannula every 10 minutes for 3 hours in various conditions, including resting, feeding, secretin perfusion, acidification of the stomach and, gastric distension. A modified Anson's hemoglobin method was used to check the amount of pepsin. Results: When secretin was perfused in the HP, there was no increase of pepsin secretion at 0.1 and 0.2 CU/kg/hr, but the pepsin secretion increased at 0.4 and 1.0 CU/kg/hr. Compared to the control, ANOVA showed significant differences for secretin 0.4 CU/kg/hr (P<0.01) and for secretin 1.0 CU/kg/hr (P<0.001). When milk was administered through the gastric cannula after secretin stimulation, pepsin production increased in the PP, but pepsin secretion in the HP dropped close to the basal level after administering milk. This depression was not related to acidity of the milk. ANOVA showed significant differences for secretin with milk vs milk alone (P<0.0005) and vs secretin alone (P< 0.0025). The inhibition of SSPS was not observed with any gastric distension or acid perfusion. Conclusion: In the HP, secretin increased the pepsin secretion and the vagus nerve has an inhibitory effect on pepsin secretion under secretin stimulation. Milk feeding depressed the SSPS, and that depression was not related to pH of the food and gastric distension. Further study is needed in order to clarify the mechanism of depression. (J Korean Surg Soc 2006;70:161-169)


In order to meet stringent power requirements in modern application processors, a 25-MHz four-phase dc–dc power converter is presented. It employs an adaptive window hysteretic control to facilitate ultra-fast transient response and minimize output voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) undershoot and overshoot during load transient periods. Inherent clock synchronization ability ensures current balancing between phase sub-converters. The control also enables a wide range of programmable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for dynamic voltage/frequency scaling. To maintain high efficiency over a wide power range without degrading transient speed, a 1-cycle active phase count scheme is introduced. A design prototype was fabricated in a 0.35-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process with an active die of 1.88 mm2. Simple circuit structure benefits a power density of 3.98 W/mm2. At a switching frequency of 25 MHz and a nominal input of 3.3 V, it regulates a programmable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 V. It achieves more than 80% efficiency over 96.7% of power range with a peak value of 88.1%. In response to 4-A load step-up/down, it achieves 103 mV/123 mV <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> undershoot/overshoot with 1% settling time of 190 ns/237 ns, respectively.


Chronic hepatitis is a conspicous and frequent finding in schistosomiasis. Microscopic characteristics of such hepatitis are presented, with especial emphasis on its signs of activity and the absence of correlation with schistosomal granulomas. It is suggested that the hepatitis results from, delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to schistosomal antigens and that it is an important pathosgenetic pathway to portal fibrosis, flebosclerosis, perineural fibrosis, neural hypertrophy and ductal and ductular proliferations, which are characteristic findings of advanced schistosomiasis.


Heterogeneous subscriber base with wide range of wireless services makes the wireless service market more challenging for a service provider (SP). This challenge is related to the revenue model of the SP, where pricing policy plays a central role. The pricing policy should be such that an SP will recover the investment while keeping the desired level of customer satisfaction. An ideal pricing policy should be less complex and be able to price the service close to the worth, a subscriber attached to it. This calls for dynamic price discovering models for differentiated wireless service. In this paper, we have proposed auction based price discovering models like uniform pricing auction and discriminatory pricing auction for dynamic pricing of differentiated wireless services. We have compared their performances with flat-pricing scheme for differentiated wireless services, which is quite popular in the wireless domain. Simulation results show that auction based models have a potential to replace the traditional flat pricing models.


Calculations were made of the polarization of electrons and recoil protons produced by scattering of polarized electrons on polarized protons. The equations show that in the scattering of polarized electrons on nonpolarized protons the longitudial component of electron polarization remains constant, and the polarization of recoil protons is completely specified by the longitudinal component of electron polarization. In scattering of nonpolarized electrons on polarized protons the electrons became longitudinally polarized. (R.V.J.)


The emCGA is a new extension of the compact genetic algorithm (CGA) that includes elitism and a mutation operator. These improvements do not increase significantly the computational cost or the memory consumption and, on the other hand, increase the overall performance in comparison with other similar works. The emCGA is applied to the problem of object recognition in digital images. The objective is to find a reference image (template) in a landscape image, subject to distortions and degradation in quality. Two models for dealing with the images are proposed, both based on the intensity of light. Several experiments were done with reference and landscape images, under different situations. The emCGA was compared with an exhaustive search algorithm and another CGA proposed in the literature. The emCGA was found to be more efficient for this problem, when compared with the other algorithms. We also compared the two proposed models for the object. One of them is more suitable for images with rich details, and the other for images with low illumination level. Both models seem to perform equally in the presence of distortions. Overall, results suggested the efficiency of emCGA for template matching in images and encourages future developments.


Introducing learning contracts learning contracts, skills and competences design and development priming learning needs analysis first steps in negotiation advanced negotiation agreeing on assessment measures negotiation skills support assessment three-way contracts.


This article offers a sociological analysis of taboos surrounding breast milk and breastfeeding and how these are expressed within a breastfeeding friendly society such as Norway. Two taboos are identified: (1) Giving up breastfeeding 'too early' and (2) not giving up breastfeeding 'in time'. These taboos are explored through the lenses of Mary Douglas and her conceptualization of purity and danger. Attention is particularly drawn to the ways in which the very same substance, a bodily fluid, and a practice changes symbolic character – from pure to impure – when the child reaches a certain age. Both the substance and the practice become 'matter out of place' depending on context. The analysis is based on data stemming from ethnographic interviews with mothers; newspaper and magazine articles and photos; internet accounts and blog comments.


This paper proposes a concurrent description language called NCC for scientific calculations that are executed on a multiprocessor. NCC is based on a static concurrent process model called "NC model." NCC's minimal features allow scientific calculations to be efficiently executed on a large-scale multiprocessor. Having obtained less overhead in execution by restricting NCC's ability to describe concurrent processes, NCC allows users to write scientific calculation programs which are both highly easy to analyze and read.


Five hundred years ago, a German priest and theologian criticized the Church's sale of indulgences. With that act, Martin Luther became one of the main leaders of the Protestant Reformation. Internet Sites


Objective To determine current status of cell phone usage among college students and to explore possible influences on gratitude. Methods About 1 543 undergraduates were selected to fill in Adolescent Gratitude Scale and Adolescent Cell Phone Usage Questionnaire. Results Internet access through mobile phone was pervasive( 93. 6%). Average scores of each six subscale factors including perception and experience of social grace,expression of natural grace and returns,perception and experience of natural grace,expression of grace to others and return,expression and return to society and perception and experience to grace from others,and total score of gratitude were( 18. 52 ± 3. 28),( 16. 10 ± 2. 24),( 5. 03 ± 2. 75),( 17. 56 ± 2. 14),( 10. 00 ± 2. 02),( 12. 48 ± 2. 06) and( 89. 68 ± 9. 77),respectively,which were higher than the norm. Total gratitude scores among students with different mobile phone use frequency,likability,dependence and use pattern were of significant differences( F = 13. 858,3. 175,13. 452,4. 396,P 0. 05). Conclusion Cell phone has positive and negative influences on gratitude among undergraduates. Colleges and universities should be in a timely manner to carry out the corresponding information literacy education,give full play to the positive role of cell phones,and reduce its negative effects.


Hermeneutical theory remains rooted in a metaphysics of the "interiority of meaning". For example, Ricoeur transposed Freud's metaphysics of interior libidinal meaning into a literary theory of interpretation. The corollary to Freud's metaphysics of interiorized meaning is "desire as lack". Deleuze and Guattari's attack on Freud's theory of historical-libidinal drives formed the basis of their explication of the "rhizomatic" exteriority of meaning, which they develop, in literary terms, in their book, Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature. In their view, Kafka's novels model a style of writing that disavows interior meaning. They also oppose the primacy of Freud's concept of desire-as-lack with that of desire-as-plenitude. This paper will discuss a mode of biblical interpretation based on the twin concepts of exteriority of meaning and desire-as-plentitude, according to four interpretive stategies: 1) rediscover one's hyperdifferentiated life; 2) think politically; 3) seek out interstitial spaces; 4) change one's point of entry.


In this paper an expression for the reliability of a single component system is derived when the strength of the component and the imminent stresses on the system are random and follow non-identical Probability distribution. Tabulated some numerical values for different values of the parameter and also for the system which are presented graphically. KeywordsSurvival function, Exponential distribution, Stress-Strength model, Probability density function.


We report on the optimization and analysis of a dilute NF3 in situ plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition chamber cleaning plasma for an Applied Materials P-5000 DxL chamber. Using design of experiments methodology, we identified and optimized operating conditions within the following process space: 10–15 mol % NF3 diluted with helium, 200–400 sccm NF3 flow rate, 2.5–3.5 Torr chamber pressure, and 950 W rf power. Optical emission spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to endpoint the cleaning processes and to quantify plasma effluent emissions, respectively. The results demonstrate that dilute NF3-based in situ chamber cleaning can be a viable alternative to perfluorocarbon-based in situ cleans with added benefits. The relationship between chamber clean time and fluorine atom density in the plasma is also investigated.


Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer and when diagnosed at advanced stages the five-year survival rate is typically less than 30%. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor (PAUF) plays a crucial role in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and immune evasion in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. The current study aimed to characterize the potential tumorigenic role of PAUF in serous ovarian cancer as high expression of the factor is correlated with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Extracellular treatment with recombinant PAUF activated intracellular signal pathways that subsequently led to enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion in various serous ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines. A PAUF-knockout OVCAR-5 cell line demonstrated an apparent reduction in tumor incidence and delayed tumor growth in mouse xenograft experiments. Furthermore, the administration of an anti-PAUF antibody exhibited a notable therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing the OVCAR-5 cell line-derived xenograft tumors. Taken together, our results suggest that PAUF plays a role in the progression of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma and may serve as a novel therapeutic target of the disease.


New construction of apparatus for flotation fractionation and manure runoffs decontamination is described. Influence of principal constructional and operating characteristics of flotation plant on qualitative indexes of its working procedure are given as graphic relationships. Constructional characteristics of apparatus for flotation sludge dehydration are substantiated.


BENIGN stricture of the oesophagus following nasogastric intubation has often been reported in the literature together with expressions of opinions on the aetiology and mechanism involved (Douglas, 1956; Bingham, 1958; McKeown, 1958). T h e use of Ryle's tube has been a feature common to all. Generally it is used in the treatment of intestinal lesions and the majority have undergone abdominal surgery. Vomiting of varying severity has been the definitive indication for gastric aspiration, particularly in the postoperative period. Occasionally gastric aspiration by Ryle's tube has been employed in patients presenting with symptoms simulating uraemia, as in one of Douglas's 5 cases. T w o further cases of oesophageal stricture following the use of Ryle's tube are reported here, and an attempt has been made to assess the importance of the aetiological factors. I believe this has helped to elucidate the points of practical importance.


Huseyin Naci and colleagues find that raising evidence standards for market entry of new drugs could have numerous benefits, including providing incentives for development in therapeutic areas with few treatment options


We show that if a shrinking soliton is asymptotic to a cone along an end then the isometry group of the cross-section of the cone embeds in the isometry group of the end of the shrinker. We also provide sufficient conditions for the isometries of the end to extend to the entire shrinker.


5 Part I – Introduction 6 Part II – Work Family 11 The Space between people 14 Over the Rainbow 17 Nabi 20 List of Figures 23 Bibliography 25 Vite 27


Amyand's hernia is an inguinal hernia with trapped appendix; its frequency is approximately 1%. Acute appendicitis is a rare clinical presentation (0.1%) of Amyand's hernia. It was first described by Claudius Amyand in 1735. We report a patient of Amyand's hernia, three years of age, presented with right inguinoscrotal hernia. Right side groin discomfort was present. Herniotomy was performed revealing anon-inflamed appendix within the inguinal canal for which a classic appendectomy was done.


This paper presents two different approaches for the incorporation of commercial inverters in ships' low voltage electric network, either for the exploitation of renewable sources such as the sun and the wind, or for energy regeneration from the exhaust gases heat. Both solutions contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions as well as to fuel consumption reduction. The inverters as well as all the necessary installation components should meet the requirements for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) as they are reported on IEC 60092 or IEEE 45 series and are a part of ABS rules - approved from national and international register of shipping organizations.


The evaluation test bench set-up for servo drive chain consists of various servo sub-modules viz., generic motion controller, servo drive amplifier, brushless AC servo motor, torque coupler, gear reducer and shaft encoder assembly for position feedback is considered. The module interfaces are established for efficient use in commissioning, diagnosing and qualifying the antenna tracking chain. Design methodology demonstrated and specifications of systems were derived. Design specifications of drive chain are configured through software tools for optimizing rate loop and position loop. The transient behaviour and response of servo system using Proportional Integral Derivative controller in time as well in frequency domain is analyzed. Stability conditions are simulated and verified. The test set up energised and test results of different inputs verified and following error minimised by tuning/ optimising the system. Keyword PID controller, IRS series, Servo drive chain, Optimisation, Gear reducer, Shaft encoder.


The article analyzes the specifics of the master's degree as an environment that promotes intellectual development and personal and professional development of the future specialist in the field of management.
The opinion is substantiated that the master's degree should prepare a specialist, not only competent in the chosen field, but also able to grow in the process of professional activity on the basis of self-analysis, self-design, self-organization. These skills need to be formed in him not only by means of teaching, but also by extracurricular communication, involvement in scientific activity of teachers of the department and scientists in the field as a whole. It makes sense to talk about the intellectual environment of the master's degree as a context of such formation, which requires a number of conditions for its effectiveness (the presence of a broad scientific context of educational activities and the department, which is sufficiently covered in the media, Internet resources, has adequate opportunities to carry out such activities, emphasizing the value attitude to personal and professional development of students, their intellectual enrichment on the background of the tasks of all forms of educational work provided by the educational and professional program, the use of innovative technologies to expand teacher-student interaction in educational and extracurricular activities. allows for more focused on personal and professional development of the student communication; monitoring the growth of opportunities for future students as a subject of personal and professional self-development). We see the disclosure of their detailed content and means of implementation as a promising area of our further research.


Platinum-modified-?NiAl is a bond coat (BC) material for thermal barrier
 coatings (TBCs) applications applied on aero-engine hardware to reduce their
 surface temperatures. However, it is desirable to minimize its production
 and material costs by the low-cost alternatives of similar performance. As,
 it has been acknowledged that the small concentration of the reactive
 elements (REs), such as Zr, Hf, and Y, could tremendously enhance the oxide
 adhesion even in some cases better than Pt modified counterparts. The
 present study aims to design and fabricate the Zr-modified-?NiAl bond coat
 on CMSX-4 superalloy using an aluminizing method. Moreover, the study
 focuses on the development of a systematic understanding of underlying
 mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of REs. Initially, three sets of
 BCs were prepared: Zr-free ?NiAl (undoped), Al and Zr co-deposited in a
 single-step process (1SP), and Zr and Al, which were individually deposited
 in two processing steps (2SP): zirconizing and aluminizing. Such three sets
 of BCs help to understand the processing, as well as Zr and Al effects on
 scale adhesion. In particular, 1SP/2SP BCs showed uniformity of Zr in the
 form of precipitates and networks that caused hardness enhancement. All BCs
 were isothermally oxidized at 1150oC for 100 hours wherein 2SP revealed the
 best spallation resistance, microstructural stability and its Zr-oxide pegs
 were extended to substrates. In addition to the Zr effect, BC Al content was
 found to affect the oxide adhesion equally. Under identical Zr contents (of
 1SP and 2SP = 1at %), the higher Al showed the better spallation resistance
 while lower Al caused the inverse effect of Zr owing to its reactive nature
 that is termed as over doping. Moreover, it has been established that
 over-doping either local or into entire BC, accelerates the Al depletion
 that destabilizes the ?NiAl into ??-Ni3Al phase. An extensive discussion is
 presented in the light of observed results.


The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia did not meet the peasants' expectation: they were required to pay their landowners huge redemption payments allocation of land. This resulted in many revolutionary upsprings from 1905 to 1907, which had forced the Tsar to reexamine the land reform program and support the agrarian reform initiated by the Prime-minister Pyotr Stolypin. Pyotr Stolypin's Agarian Reform was aimed to remove the obstacles to Russian modernization. The fundamental part of it was to abandon rural communities with the allotment land and promote the ownership of private land, which enabled the peasants to establish single and individual farms and the independent farmsteads. By migration policy, the government hoped to transform the society and to consolidate the Tsar's regime through the land reforms. Pyotr. Stolypin's Agarian Reform played an important role in Russian history. At face value, the reform seemed to have achieved its aim to modernization, but it proved to be problematic. Indeed, the reform had facilitated the private landownership, and gave rise to an increase in peasants' productivity. The agricultural economy at that time had surpassed that of the rural community with the allotment land. Somehow, the authorities could not initiate a reform without repressive measures. This caused the conflicts between the rich peasants and the poor peasants. Neither did the reform eliminate the problems of peasants. Nor did it save the Tsar's regime from collapsing. In sum, the modernization was incomplete. While tradition values still dominated in the society, social and economic structure of the society had gone through a transformation. When the social reform failed to improve people's life, they stood up and overthrew the Tsar.


The heat supply, the heating pipe network and the heat user are the important components of the central heating in winter, the heating pipe network is the middle part of central heating in the city, which is also a weak link leak fault prone. Because the pipeline material, laying mode, complex environment, and improper construction and other factors led to the heating network leaks continue to occur, the heating pipeline network leaks will result in economic and serious security problems, it will affect the daily life of the masses. So it is urgent to realize the real-time detection and intelligent management of the heating pipe network. In this paper, the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system is introduced into the leakage detection of the heat pipe network, and experiments were carried out to test the effect of leakage detection. Experiments show that the system wide detection range, high real-time, high precision, good effect of leak detection.


The increasing complexity of humanoid robots and their expected performance in dynamic and unconstrained environments demand an equally complex, autonomous, adaptable, and dynamic solution. In this article, motivated by the enactive paradigm of cognitive systems, we develop the first steps toward the creation of such a solution. Enactive approaches assert that the primary basis of cognition is anticipative skill construction by embodied systems. The system's ontogenetic development is central to this approach since it is the system's experience - its dynamics and interaction with its environment - that defines its cognitive understanding of the world in which it is embedded rather than any a priori rules or representations of the system designer. Enactive systems are typically realized by dynamical systems theory, connectionism, and self-organization. In this article, we survey briefly the main attributes of nonlinear dynamical systems and then introduce Dynamic Field Theory (DFT) - a mathematical framework grounded in dynamical systems and neurophysiology - as a plausible way of combining the power of nonlinear dynamical systems theory and the autonomous developmental aspects of enactive systems. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by replicating in an anthropomorphic robotic platform the responses found in 7- to 12-month-old infants when exhibiting the A-not-B error, a classic simple cognitive behavior in developmental psychology.


The molar solubility for Nano copper carbonate (CuCO 3 ) in different percentages of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and water were measured at 292.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. From the molar solubilities for Nano CuCO3, the solvation parameters like, activity coefficient, solubility product, free energy of solvation, enthalpy of solvation and entropy of solvation were estimated. All these solvation parameters were discussed.


Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the impact of a leadership development programme provided for, and funded by, the NHS.Design/methodology/approach – It analyses the context, process of delivery and outcomes of the programme in the light of relevant leadership research. The programme itself is described after some consideration of the literature. Although the programme was originally commissioned by the NHS Leadership Centre for Human Resource (HR) professionals from the NHS, it is now offered to any aspiring or newly‐appointed director, and aims (amongst other things) to enable NHS staff to manage people more effectively within the context of change.Findings – The paper concludes that the programme has, to date, been successful in impacting on personal and organisational contribution, as far as individual participants, commissioners and providers are concerned, and as far as can be measured within current understanding.Originality/value – The programme fits well with the most recent typologies of lea...


Calibration of instruments like modern programmable instruments is generally made in specific points within each range, even if the desired result is the general calibration of the instruments. This paper is considering the problem of how many points are needed for a correct calibration of a range, and, by means of a statistical approach, the method propose evaluates a confidence interval where the difference between the measured and the calibrated can be confined with an assigned probability.


The orientation and dynamical behaviour of water molecules in the sodium dibutylphosphate/H2O lamellar mesophase have been investigated by 1H, 2H and 17O N.M.R. The molecular order parameters have been obtained from the dipolar or quadrupolar splittings of these nuclei and several models have been proposed for their interpretation in terms of a quasi-axial reorientation. The selection between these models has been performed by means of 1H and 2H longitudinal relaxation as well as 17O linewidth measurements on oriented samples. The order parameters and the relaxation data appear to be consistent with a strongly anisotropic reorientation of water about an axis located in the bisector plane and making an angle of ca. 60° with the molecular plane. This axis is therefore directed along an oxygen lone pair orbital and seems likely to correspond to the direction of binding of water to a cationic site. In addition, the proton exchange rate was determined from the temperature dependence of the linewidth and splitt...


This is a personal account of what it is like to be deaf in a hearing world. The book discusses such issues as: mainstreaming and its effect on deaf children and the deaf community; total communication versus oralism; employment opportunities for deaf adults; and public policy toward deaf people. This edition includes an update of services by and for deaf people, and an expanded chapter on legislation and social issues that have had an impact on the deaf community in the last ten years.


Acetolysis of longicamphenilyl tosylate affords, in addition to norlongicyclene and acetate products, the novel endo-bridged tricyclic olefins (3) and (4).


This article introduced in the content-based image retrieval principle of image similarity measure, as well as visual feature extraction methods on the basis of the focus on the images and analysis of the semantic concept model, the typical extraction methods and algorithms. PISM (Personalized image semantic model), the use of user queries related to the image of feedback mechanism, dynamic image adjustment semantic similarity of the distribution, and fuzzy clustering analysis, PISM training model to make it more accurate expression of semantic image to meet the different needs of the user's query. And the limitations of image-based semantic memory of learning algorithm, the initial experimental system developed by a number of user feedback to participate in relevant training, which analyzes the performance of the algorithm, the experiments show that the algorithm is a viable theory, with a value of the application.


Vast sections of the Sacramento River have been listed as critical habitat by the National Marine Fisheries Service for green sturgeon spawning (Acipenser medirostris), yet spawning is known to occur at only a few specific locations. This study reveals the range of physical habitat variables selected by adult green sturgeon during their spawning period. We integrated fine-scale fish positions, physical habitat characteristics, discharge, bathymetry, and simulated velocity and depth using a two-dimensional hydraulic model (FaSTMECH). The objective was to create habitat suitability curves for depth, velocity, and substrate type within three known spawning locations over two years. An overall cumulative habitat suitability score was calculated that averaged the depth, velocity, and substrate scores over all fish, sites, and years. A weighted usable area index was calculated throughout the sampling periods for each of the three sites. Cumulative results indicate that the microhabitat characteristics most pref...


One typical application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is the intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance mission, where the objective is to improve situation awareness through information a...


Emblica polysaccharides (EPS) have biological activities on free radical scavenging, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor. The effect factors on yield of emblica polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica extracted by ultrasound were studied. The results showed that the factors included ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic extraction temperature. The optimal extraction condition were ultrasonic power of 475 W with solid (g) to liquid (mL) ratio of 1: 20 at 80℃ for 70 min, with the yield of 95.86 mg g-1 DW. Ultraviolet spectrum and FT-IR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis showed that EPS was a α type acidic heteropolysaccharide containing pyran and glycuronic acid. The structural modification of EPS by ultrasonic radiation was not observed.


Nuevomexicano villages of northern New Mexico have experienced disruptions throughout their existence. This dissertation is a study of what occurred in early disruptions leading to the great departure of the 1940s, during World War II and immediately following, known as the New Mexico diaspora, where a number of villagers moved out of New Mexico to other states, including Utah, most expecting to settle for a time with hopes of return to their home villages. The study asks what happened especially during the great disruption, discourses of disruption and movement, what Nuevomexicanos carried with them in movement, whether they returned to their home villages, and what transpired in Utah. In the great disruption of the 1940s and early 1950s, many New Mexicans left but few returned, stretching, and in some cases breaking, ties between home villages and the branch of the regional community that grew in Utah. While there may be cultural memory of home villages among those in Utah, once the elders have passed on, connections weakened and cultural practices, traditions, religious


Low birth weight (LBW) is considered as main factor in increasing neonatal and infant morbidity as well as mortality rate, and it has a long term impact on life. Increasing knowledge and skills of health provider is one of strategy to decrease infant mortality rate which can be done by means of training on management of LBW baby and asphyxia. Previous pilot study showed that midwives did not conduct several points on management of non –asphyxia LBW baby. There was 47,7% midwives have had trained on management of LBW baby and asphyxia. This study was aimed to identify relationship between midwives working period, knowledge and motivation towards management of non-asphyxia LBW babies by midwives in Magelang District"s Public Health Centers in 2012. This was an explanatory survey research with cross-sectional approach. Structured quesionaire was used after being tested for its validity and reliability. Independent variables were working period, knowledge and motivation, while dependent variable was execution of non-asphyxia LBW management. There were 46 public health center midwives participated in the research. Stratified random sampling method was applied, sample was drawn from midwives who had been trained on management of LBW and asphyxia. Chi Square "s was applied as analysis method. Majority respondens had a high working period (27 respondens = 58.7%), mostly had a good knowledge (63%), while proportion of midwives who had good and poor motivation was counted the same (50%). There was no relationship between midwives working period, knowledge and motivation towards namagement of non-asphyxia LBW babies as shown by p value of 0.620 (working period), 0.411 (knowledge) and 0.551 (motivation). Multivariate analysis was not conducted because there was no relationship. There was no relationship between midwives working period, knowledge and motivation towards namagement of non-asphyxia LBW babies