Bioremediation, Ecology, Technology

Organic Contaminants

Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds

Halogenated Aromatic Compounds

Nonchlorinated Pesticides and Herbicides

Military Chemicals

Other Organic Compounds

Inorganic Contaminants

Metals and Metalloids

Keywords:

bioremediation;
biotechnology;
halogenated compounds, bioremediation of;
hydrocarbons, bioremediation of;
metals, bioremediation of;
pesticides, bioremediation of;
sediments, bioremediation of


The transmission characteristics of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system using a wide-band optical phase conjugator (OPC) are discussed. It is confirmed by computer simulation that 20 Gbit/s/spl times/8 ch/spl times/100 km WDM transmission is available.


An analysis of the observational data does not contradict the hypothesis that the space of our universe consists of a topologically closed structure of srnall size (regardless of the sign of the curvature) which is "glued together." Lower lirnits are obtained on the present size of the universe: The rnaxirnurn and rninirnurn values of the universe's "gluing pararneters" are not srnaller than 400 and 10 Mpc, respectively. Thus, it is possible that the rnaxirnurn diarneter of the universe is ten tirnes srnaller than the values cornrnonly assurned for the distances to rernote quasars. If the actual values of the "gluing pararneters" are indeed of the rnagnitudes indicated above, then sorne of the sources with red shifts z > 0.0025 and all of the sources with z > 0.1 are "ghosts" of long extinct objects, and also of objects which exist at the present tirne close to us. In this connection a single object rnay correspond to several dozen ghosts on the celestial sphere.


Twenty calves were orally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis before weaning. Ten of these plus 4 non-infected controls were maintained on elevated dietary iron intake from 6 to 33 months of age. During this time, in which the majority of animals were bred, the influence of increased dietary iron upon tests of cellular and humoral immune responsiveness to antigens of the organism were monitored. Results were examined in relation to the organism's capacity to multiply and infect up to 7 portions of the intestinal tract. No significant differences were detected in the degree of intestinal disease or pattern of faecal excretion of M. paratuberculosis in iron supplemented and non-supplemented cattle. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to johnin PPD developed at 1 month and in-vitro lymphocyte and immunostimulatory activity (LS) to this antigen at 2 months after infection. LS indices were significantly reduced in magnitude in iron-supplemented cattle (p less than 0.01). Most ELISA antibody responses were positive 10 to 17 months after infection and preceded the fewer number of CF responses by several months. Neither of the antibody tests was affected by elevated iron intake. Generally, complete or partial resistance to paratuberculosis was associated with sustained positive monthly LS tests (index greater than or equal to 2.0), whereas antibody levels tended to be sustained only in the more severely affected cattle. Although neither test system was affected by pregnancy the ELISA failed to detect a significant proportion of cattle chronically shedding M. paratuberculosis in faeces.


Learning geography in SMA Negeri 1 Peusangan Selatan using local wisdom knowledge as a source of learning has never been applied before. Use of local wisdom knowledge in the topic Rumoh Aceh disaster mitigation is using studytour method and audio visual media of video. R esearch purposes to analyze the understanding of the concept of disaster mitigation learners grade X through Rumoh Aceh before and after learning by using the studytour method and video in the learning process in SMA Negeri 1 Peusangan Selatan Kabupaten Bireuen. This research uses a type of quantitative research with experimental approach. The population in this research the entire SMA Negeri 1 Peusangan Selatan learners in even-numbered years semester lesson 2014/2015, research sample learners class X IS as much as 48 students by purposive sampling technique .  Data collection techniques using tests, student worksheets, and question form. Technique of data analysis using statistical test of normality, homogeneity and T-test with the help of SPSS Statistic 21. The results showed that 1) there is a difference in learning outcomes understanding of the concept of disaster mitigation on learners who use Rumoh Aceh as a learning resource by using the studytour method of experiment class before and after the treatment. 2) there is a difference in learning outcomes understanding of the concept of disaster mitigation on learners who use Rumoh Aceh as a learning resource by using the video of control class before and after the treatment. 3) learners responses against learning activities using the studytour method is very good. Implementation of the studytour method have constraints related to preparation and implementation.


The important role played by magnetic reconnection in the early acceleration of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) has been widely discussed. However, as CMEs may have expansion speeds comparable to their propagation speeds in the corona, it is not clear whether and how reconnection contributes to the true acceleration and expansion separately. To address this question, we analyze the dynamics of a moderately fast CME on 2013 February 27, associated with a continuous acceleration of its front into the high corona, even though its speed had reached ∼700 km s−1, which is faster than the solar wind. The apparent acceleration of the CME is found to be due to its expansion in the radial direction. The true acceleration of the CME, i.e., the acceleration of its center, is then estimated by taking into account the expected deceleration caused by the drag force of the solar wind acting on a fast CME. It is found that the true acceleration and the radial expansion have similar magnitudes. We find that magnetic reconnection occurs after the eruption of the CME and continues during its propagation in the high corona, which contributes to its dynamic evolution. Comparison between the apparent acceleration related to the expansion and the true acceleration that compensates the drag shows that, for this case, magnetic reconnection contributes almost equally to the expansion and to the acceleration of the CME. The consequences of these measurements for the evolution of CMEs as they transit from the corona to the heliosphere are discussed.


In December 2011, the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education called for a meeting among all Law Deans to discuss on the numerous critics about the standard of local law graduates at public law schools. The meeting was attended by the Deans and Deputy Deans of the schools. At the meeting, the Chairperson, Prof Dr ZaridaHambali, allocated a special fund for the law schools to conduct a study on the future directions of legal education in Malaysia. The research was supposed to take 6 months. However, trying to gather 7 law schools to work on a project was not an easy task. After intensive deliberations and effort to convince all law schools that this was for the betterment of legal education in Malaysia, an official Committee for the first time met on February 2012. The second hurdle was to get the cooperation of legal practitioners to participate in the survey. It took more than 6 months to distribute the questionnaire and after at least two attempts the team managed to get the response approximately 5% of the members of the Bar. Most questionnaires were returned unanswered. The team sent at least 35 students to assist in distributing the questionnaire. In this research we found a common disagreement among law lecturers and practitioners on the scope of their duty, not just in Malaysia but globally. The American Bar Association in the MacCrate report recorded the gap between academia and legal practice thus lead to:"Complaints and recriminations from legal educators and practicing lawyers. The lament of he practising bar is a steady refrain; 'they can't draft a contract, they can't write, they've ever seen a summon, the professors have never been inside a courtroom'". Law schools offer the traditional responses, "We teach them how to think, we're not trade schools, we're centre of scholarship and learning, practice is best taught by practitioners". Enhancement of legal education as this study will show is not the duty of law schools alone, neither does the law practitioner. Both must cooperate to find the best possible way to resolved the perceived weaknesses in our legal education. This study outlines the academic component at the law school and investigates the students and employers perspective about legal education in Malaysia. The research shows that all law schools are aware on the challenges on legal education and had taken reasonable steps or try to look for possible ways to improve on the quality. This becomes possible with the feedback from the survey on students perspectives and employers' perception on local law students. The feedback from the students and law practitioners is then used to make recommendations on the appropriate strategies toward the improvement of legal education. This research is the catalyst for further research in legal education. To promote the development of learning and teaching in law at both the academic and professional stages the Committee strongly suggests for the establishment of a Centre for Legal Education at the national level. The centre will be a body where all law teachers not only meet and exchange their teaching experience but promote professional legal education in Malaysia, and to foster research opportunities with and on the legal profession.


Fresh apricot is a nutritious and popular fruit because of its special aroma and taste. However, high ripening rates and susceptibility to mechanical injury and postharvest diseases limit its shelf life. Therefore, the effect of immersion in different calcium salts solution on the qualitative and biochemical characteristics of fresh apricot fruit ʻShahroudi' cv was evaluated. Treatments were solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2, and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) at a concentration of 1 or 2%. Distilled water was used as a control. Fruits were immersed in water or calcium salts solution for 2 min, air-dried, and then stored at 2±1 °C for three weeks. However, the highest firmness was related to 2% CaCl2 treatment, which was about 60% higher than control, followed by 1% Ca(NO3)2 treatment (50% more than control). Also, the lowest Total Soluble Solids value was 10.46%, which was obtained from 2% CaCl2 and the highest value was obtained in control (15.1%). Besides, the mentioned treatments improved the nutritional value of apricot fruit by increasing total phenolic compounds, and tissue calcium content. The shelf life was 15.67 days in control, while 2% CaCl2 treatment doubled (35.33 days) the shelf life of apricot fruit. In general, the best result was obtained using CaCl2 at 2% treatment for 2 min, which may be applied as a postharvest treatment to improve the storage life of apricot fruit ʻShahroudi' cv.


This article discusses attractive regions for health resort tourism in Kazakhstan. Deals the tourist-recreational resources of Kazakhstan. Presents, some objects of sanatorium-resort activity in Kazakhstan.


Four research issues are identified that highlight the contrasting perspectives of strategic management and finance on event-study methodology. These issues then are used to evaluate five finance procedures used to calculate market-based performance measures. In each case, alternative procedures are recommended to make these measures more relevant both conceptually and statistically, for strategic management research.


Real-time communication is a widely used technique that allows a system to communicate using peer-to-peer architecture in real-time without any transmission delays. The Internet, messaging, video chat and many more are examples of RTC. WebRTC is a standard feature for incorporating real-time multimedia communications into web browsers. WebRTC uses a range of APIs that are licensed by all successful modern browser distributors that can be found in all web and mobile browsers. Web RTC provides a secure connection as well as provides scalability with low latency. Considering the current scenario with COVID-19 there has been a rise in the usage of video conferencing in various industries like health, education for various purposes, it is also a means to enable work from home for a lot of companies.


Digital signal processing using floating point calculation is straightforward. However, for SoC application, a 8 bit integer-data processing is preferred in terms of cost and reliability. For this purpose, a digital filtering algorithm was developed and tested successfully with ECG and PPG signals in a 8051 core processor system. Our algorithm demonstrated a comparable performance compared with MATLAB™ results.


Transport critical current density J c and hysteresis loop at different field-sample orientations were measured for both melt-textured growth (MTG) and sintered YBa 2 Cu 3 O y (YBCO) sample. Very high J c (78K, 0 Oe) of 3.5×10 4 A/cm 2 has been obtained for the MTG YBCO sample. The experimental results show strong evidence of that the high J c in MTG YBCO results mainly from the significant reduction of weak links because the bulk J c for MTG sample are almost the same as the intragrain J c for sintered sample. We also show that the J c parallel to a-b plane is about an order of magnitude higher than that normal to a-b plane(J c∥ ≈10J c⊥ ).


We have studied here the topological aspects of monopole superconductivity in 3+1 dimensions. It is pointed out that Heisenberg spin system may be associated with non-Abelian gauge fields. When the spin and charge become separated, spinons and holons emerge and holons interacting with such a gauge field associate a magnetic flux giving rise to nonzero Berry phase and causes the existence of chiral spin liquid. This also suggests that these holons are much heavier than their free counterpart and the pair of such holons forms a bosonic state respecting rotational invariance. Superconductivity arises out of this pair condensation.


Thank you for downloading literary theory from plato to barthes an introductory history. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this literary theory from plato to barthes an introductory history, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


Overall project goals: • Establish a foundational, systems-level understanding of plant, microbial, and environmental interactions that will lead to translational strategies to enhance growth and sustainability of sorghum through improved genetic and microbial adaptations to water and nutrient limited environments. Specific objectives addressed by this poster: • Phenotypic characterizations of a diverse panel of sorghum genotypes across multiple years to define the most productive lines under drought and low nitrogen conditions. • Associate genotypic and environmental effects with improved sorghum performance using robust statistical approaches.


Chinese-foreign co-operative education is profitable for the people to have more chances to obtain good education and for our schools to learn more teaching and management experiences from the high quality foreign teachers who come to China to work in co-operative schools. It is necessary to do the management work well to serve the foreign teachers in order to promote the educational reformation in our schools.


A potential tool to make HNLF based phase-sensitive-amplifier optimize is proposed. Experimental data is implemented to incorporate longitudinal chromatic dispersion fluctuation of highly-nonlinear-fiber. PSA gain and noise characteristics can be estimated well with it.


Development of science and research is fundamental for economic growth, as well as the competitiveness of a country. Taking into account the potential decrease of EU funds financing and the limited amount of Latvian national financing, it is necessary to ensure that the efficiency of the use of financing is maintained and raised further. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of the EU funds funding activities of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 on science, research and innovation support activities of Latvian research institutions, as well as the sustainability of the results obtained within the support activities, taking into account the measures planned to support research, development and innovation during the programming period of EU funds 2021–2027. The results of the research show that expenditure in research and development (R&D) in Latvia is small and dependent on European Structural Funds (currently R&D investments are mainly attracted by EU funds), which is not a sustainable solution for R&D development, considering that this financing and its availability are periodic and in the future. This requires consistent long-term public and private (business) R&D investment.


Abstract We study the homogenization of nonlinear, first-order equations with highly oscillatory mixing spatio-temporal dependence. It is shown in a variety of settings that the homogenized equations are stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi equations with deterministic, spatially homogenous Hamiltonians driven by white noise in time. The paper also contains proofs of some general regularity and path stability results for stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi equations, which are needed to prove some of the homogenization results and are of independent interest.


Since a person's signature serves as the primary authentication and authorization method in legal transactions, there is a greater need than ever for effective auto-mated signature verification solutions. The fact that signatures are already recognized as a popular way of identity verification gives signature verification systems a significant edge over other types of technologies. The methods used to solve this problem and a signature verification system can be categorized into two categories: online and offline. An electronic tablet and pen that are connected to a computer are used in the online technique to extract information about a signature and collect dynamic data for verification purposes, such as pressure, velocity, and writing speed. Offline signature verification, on the other hand, employs signature images that have been recorded by a scanner or camera and involve less electronic management. Extracted features taken from the scanned signature image are used in an offline signature verification system. The main contribution of this study is how we can use deep learning approaches/networks for the task of offline signature verification systems.


Over the past two decades, French enterprises have been heavily investing in the Czech Republic. Today, France is the fifth biggest investor to the Czech Republic, and French companies are among the most important employers. The aim of this study is to analyze the presence of French firms in Czech Republic by look at the example the French-Czech mergers and acquisitions (M&A), and to explain the main motivation of the location of French firms in the country. Using a review of documents and secondary data analysis, we observe that French enterprises have invested especially in the Czech manufacturing sector, energy & power, consumer staples and financial services. In this study, we evaluate if French corporations try to optimize their production process within so-called global value chains, and if French companies have invested in their own strategic domain area or another strategic area by using the diversification growth approach. Finally, we present examples of successful mergers and acquisitions of French firms realized in the Czech Republic.


AbstractOvershooting convection that penetrates the lapse rate tropopause is defined globally using 3 years of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) observations and ERA-Interim data. Overshooting convection in the subtropics is mainly found over a few hot spot regions, including central North America and Argentina. A relatively high density of events with overshooting convection is also found over northeast China in the summer months, where 203 events are identified during 2014–16. These convective events extending above the tropopause occur under various synoptic conditions. The synoptic conditions during these events are categorized into three different types, namely, trough, cutoff low, and ridge types, with a subjective analysis based on the wind and pressure fields at 500 hPa. The precipitation systems with overshooting convection ahead of a deep trough have larger sizes than other types. Those in the cutoff low environment are mostly embedded within a large precipitation system. The ridge-type sys...


In this paper we consider the setting where a group of n judges are to independently rank a series of k objects, but the intended complete rankings are not realized and we are faced with analyzing randomly incomplete ranking vectors. In this paper we propose a new testing procedure for dealing with such data realizations. We concentrate on the problem of testing for no differences in the objects being ranked (i.e., they are indistinguishable) against general alternatives, but our approach could easily be extended to restricted (e.g., ordered or umbrella) alternatives. Using an improvement of a preliminary screening approach previously proposed by the authors, we present an algorithm for computation of the relevant Friedman-type statistic in the general alternatives setting and present the results of an extensive simulation study comparing the new procedure with the standard approach of imputing average within-judge ranks to the unranked objects.


This study aims to determine the relationship between the principal's leadership style and teacher performance in public elementary schools in Simpang Empat District. The research method is correlation. The sample of this research is using purposive sampling technique, so the sample of this research is the teachers of SD Negeri Se-District Simpang Empat who have civil servant status, totaling 33 people. The results showed that the leadership style of the principal of the SD Negeri in Simpang Empat was categorized as moderate with an average score of 74.42. Meanwhile, the performance of elementary school teachers in Simpang Empat sub-district is in the sufficient category with an average score of 102.45. Furthermore, there is a relationship between the principal leadership style variable (X) and the teacher performance variable (Y) with rcount > rtable with a value comparison of (0.437 > 0.344). This shows that there is a positive relationship between the principal's leadership style and the performance of public elementary school teachers in the Simpang Empat District which has a moderate level of correlation. Then the t-test obtained tcount of 2,689 while ttable obtained from the critical list in the table against = 0.05 of 2,039 means tcount > ttable with a comparison value of (2,689 > 2.039) so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Keywords: Principal Leadership Style, Teacher Performance.


cases of oxygen free radical of seperated polymorphonuclear leukocyte(PMNL) of peripheral whole whool changes were detected in this study. Study objects including 20 cases of normal take-no-medicine control group,21 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients(subdivided into 8 cases take Captopril,6 cases take Enalapril and 7 cases take-no medicine) and 29 cases of hypertensive heart disease(HHD) patients(subdivided into 12 cases take Captopril, 6 cases take Enalapril and 11 cases take-no medicine).The results showed that after taking Captopril and Enalapril,the PMNL chemiluminescence CL) peak value and intergral in CHD and HHD patients were significantly lower than that in patients take-no-medicine group;PMNL-CL parameters in CHD patients take Captopril and Enalapril, HHD patients take Captopril and Enalapril had no significant difference than that in normal control group; the PMNL-CL parameters in CHD patients take Captopril and Enalapril,HHD patients take Capropril and Enalapril had no significant difference.


Analysing problerm in the P.E.teaching reform in the higher institetes from the lifelong sports,this paper put forward that the P. E teahing shouldlay stress on training the trainee to develop a good value of physical training,to form a better habit of self-training and to im- prove the ability of applying the techniques of physical training in order to enjoy an active and healthy lifesyle of physical training.


This study presents data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based systematic and simultaneous performance measures for research and business development (R&BD) and internal processes. In particular, we focus on the relationship between the research and development (R&D) process and business development (BD) process in evaluating R&BD overall performance, and provide effective guidelines for relatively underperforming decision-making units to help them establish an optimal strategy to increase their performance. To that end, we develop a two-stage network DEA model based on performance measures by defining variables and transforming R&D and BD performances into a serial network structure. In addition, based on the proposed method, we present a practical application of R&BD performance measurement for Korean public organizations, specifically public research institutes and universities.


It is often of value to preserve the culture of a fungus for a long period of time. Such preservation not only furnishes the investigator with a permanent mount of the growth, but also allows the instructor to have access to cultures as life-like exhibits for use in demonstrating to his students. Almost all present-day textbooks 1 suggest that a formaldehyde solution be placed on the cotton stopper of the test tube, in order that the fumes of formaldehyde may kill the growth which has been placed within. The cotton stopper is then pressed slightly down into the tube, and the tube is sealed with paraffin wax. This commonly used method invariably results in a quick cessation of the fungous growth, but fails as an effective preservative in that, after a few months, the formaldehyde is instrumental in destroying the color of the culture. Inasmuch as the color of the


Objective:To discuss the cause,interventional management and clinical efficacy of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.Methods:Different interventional managements were applied in treatment of 5 cases with splenic artery pseudoaneurysm;stent graft endovascular exclusion was applied in 2 cases with trunk type of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm and one of them together with branch arterial embolism was with gelfoam and metallic coils.Splenic artery embolization with metallic coils was applied in 1 case with trunk type of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm;terminal artery embolization with gelfoam and metallic coils were applied in 2 case with terminal splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.Results:Tumoral cavities disappeared after different interventional managements in all 5 cases;splenic artery blood circulation was normal in 4 cases;splenic artery blood circulation was obstruction in 1 case and splenic infarction occurred after one month.In 2 cases distal blood circulation was normal after stent graft endovascular exclusion applied.Tumoral cavity disappeared,hemorrhage stopped and least splenic infarction occurred in two cases with terminal splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.Conclusion:Different interventional management must be selected in accordance with the location and cause of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm,and stent graft endovascular exclusion is safe and effective for the treatment of trunk type of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.


� To p _ repare �or the challenges and �ppo� ities . of.the � 1 st century, Thailand, like many other countnes, 1s mtens1fying its efforts to promote fundamental educational reform. These efforts are predicated on the belief that strengthening the country's educational system is essential to the collective and individual well-being of Thai citizens. As in the United States, a common element of educational reform in Thailand involves "em power[ing] those closest to students in the classroom [and] creat[ing] new roles and responsibilities for all the players in the system" (Hallinger, Mur phy, & Hausman, 1 992 , p. 3 3 0). For example, a key element of Thailand's Eighth National Education Development Plan (1997-2001) is the gradual de centralization of the Thai educational system. As a result, "there are cur rently many opportunities for Thai teachers to assume important leadership roles in transforming their profession" (Parkay, Potisook, Chantharasakul, & Chunsakorn, 1 999a, p. 68). In addition to increased leadership opportunities for teachers, teacher training programs in Thailand are also emphasizing teacher leadership. In 1987, for example, the Kuruthayat project was launched "to initiate new lead ers in the field of education" (Thongthew, 1997, p. 1). As part of the Ku ruthayat project, students majoring in education complete a "reflective teacher project" that enables them to "participate in the creation of new ed ucation forms and substances, '' and they participate in group projects where they acquire "the commitment as leaders in the teaching profession" (p. 2). Even with efforts to enhance leadership opportunities for teachers, the Thai education system remains highly centralized and top-down. Thailand's deputy prime minister and education minister even admitted that "our edu cational system is autocratic and highly centralized. Teachers, students, and parents have little say in the system" (Rangsitpol, 1 997, p. 4). Needless to say, such an organizational culture is at odds with the desire of many Thai educa tors and policy makers to develop governance strategies that are more de centralized, participatory, and local. Underpinning Thailand's bureaucratic educational system is the Thai way of life itself. In Thailand, the young are expected to obey and respect their eld ers, and "the Thai way of life abounds in manifestations of authority and sta tus. The first social act a child learns is the gesture of respect" (Moore, 1974,


A combined numerical and experimental study is conducted to investigate the failure behaviour of bolted connections in vessel made of GFRP laminates. An incremental 3D FEM code, based on the progressive damage model, is developed for determining the stress distributions, damage propagation and ultimate bolted joint strengths of the FRP laminates with different stacking sequences and degrees of lateral clamping. Next, the bearing strength model test is performed to investigate the failure behaviour of the S-500 glass/polyester laminate specimens. The results show that the stacking sequence significantly affects the interlaminar stress concentration on the hole boundary as well as the failure behaviour of pin joint in GFRP laminate. Furthermore, the introduction of a suitable lateral clamping generally improves the normal interlaminar stress state at a bolted joint and also increases the initial delamination strength as well as the ultimate strength of bolted connections in GFRP laminates.


The Lower Sorbian language is spoken by approximately 12,000 inhabitants
of40 villages north ofthe city Cottbus (state of Brandenburg). Among the
Speakers of Lower Sorbian a widespread shift from Lower Sorbian to
German has takenplace. Thepresent study describes theprocess, the causes,
and the results of this language shift as exemplified by one Lower
Sorbian village.
The beginning of National Socialist rule in Germany in 1933 and the
following ban on the usage of the Sorbian language in schools caused the
first generation of the informants to use German rather than Sorbian at
home. The parents tried to protect their children from punishment in school.
Within 20 years, this transition to German had takenplace in every family
in the village. Several other nonlinguistic factors were fundamental in
promoting the change to German. These included the Immigration ofnative
German Speakers into the area, the collectivization of the agriculture, the
influence of the German media, and employment outside the village. Today,
only members ofthe first and second generations have an active knowledge
of Lower Sorbian. None of the third generation speaks Sorbian on a daily
basis. To some extent, the language is primarily used among neighbors and
friends rather than within the family. The informants have varying attitudes
toward Lower Sorbian. For the younger generation, the preservation of
Sorbian traditions has become more important than learning the language.
Thus, whereas the older generation enjoys both cultural and linguistic
identity, the younger generation claims merely a cultural identity. Therefore,
there are considerable difficulties associated with the preservation of Lower
Sorbian as a spoken language. However, certain legal andfinancial conditions will guarantee a continued usage of Lower Sorbian as a written and
institutional language.


The starch–iodine blue complex formation does not involve negatively charged iodine species like I  3− , I  5− , or I  7− ; rather, neutral iodine units are involved. The heat of reaction is determined to be about −110 kJ for every mole of I‐I unit in the amylose helix, which suggests that the dissociation of I2 (binding energy 149 kJ/mol) does not take place during the complex formation. Quantum mechanical (INDO CI) calculations indicate that the linear as well as nonlinear polyiodine units, I6, with interiodine distance of 3.0 Å are responsible for characteristic absorbance bands of the starch–iodine complex. Based on our previous article [(1989) J. Polym. Sci. A 27, 4161] and the present studies we identify (C6H10O5)16.5I6 to be the polymeric unit responsible for the characteristic blue color of the complex.


In this dissertation I examine the use of transcendental arguments for the refutation of epistemological solipsism, the view that we can never know with certainty that objective particulars exist. In the first chapter I explain and motivate epistemological solipsism by comparing it with other forms of epistemological skepticism, and by explicating the central notions of certainty and objective particularity. I also specify various procedural assumptions which I adopt in deference to


In this work, we report on InxGa1-xAs1-ySby/GaSb structures, where the indium mole fraction (x) varies from x=0 to x<0.50. Although there has been considerable effort to exploit high-indium content InxGa1-xAs1-ySby for longer wavelength applications, high misfit dislocation densities are inevitable and the miscibility gap remains a formidable barrier. In addition to atomically smooth structures, we observed three-dimensional networks of quantum dashes and other results reveal a self-organized composition modulation. Some physical features of the quantum dashes include near one-micron lengths, 90° flip in orientation, and uniformity across a 20 x 20 μm area. We also observe network formation up to a film thickness of 10-nm.


For a mobile projector application that can be embedded in a cellular phone, a 6-bit data driver integrated in a 0.4-inch diagonal VGA AMOLED on silicon substrate is proposed. The proposed data driver has a couple of features tailored for a microdisplay application: To be integrated with a very fine pixel pitch of 4.2 ¿m, the data driver uses a 33-degree demultiplexing scheme, thereby taking circuit area within the peripheral height of 810 ¿m. In addition, the separate gamma correction is provided to resolve the color shift problem due to the transmittance mismatch of red, green, and blue color filters. In spite of the separate gamma correction involved, the height of the data driver is not increased, because it is realized by making use of a time sharing method synchronized with the 33-degree demultiplexing.


In the new socio-economic conditions in the education system, forms of organization of tourist and local history activities are developing, which are based on traditions, experience of extracurricular and extracurricular work, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the country. Life requires that the tasks facing educational institutions are resolved quickly and have not just any solution, but one that optimizes the pedagogical process. At the same time, these requirements come into conflict with the state of the education system, the limited ability of most parents to create conditions for the full development of the child. The tasks facing the education system can be implemented in tourism and local history activities. The main task is to create the necessary conditions for the comprehensive development of the child's personality, his social adaptation in the process of participation in various types of tourist and local history activities. However, the school teacher is not ready to organize and conduct tourist and local history activities at school, as he is not professionally prepared for this activity. Questions of the organization, forms and methods of teacher training for the organization of tourist and local history activities are practically not reflected in the educational and methodological literature. There are no scientific studies that would allow us to effectively solve the pedagogical tasks of preparing the organizers of tourist and local history activities in the school.


The article presents the current state of application of information systems in the field of Russian higher education. The main activities of higher educational institutions as well as their management processes are still not fully automated or partially automated. International e-learning platforms are considered. The analysis of the practice of using distance learning platforms at 100 leading universities and an assessment of their use were carried out. The requirements for a unified information system are formulated for the purpose of integrated automation of the main activities of higher educational institutions. The proposed system will improve the quality of the educational process and optimize the process of making management decisions. The necessity of creating a unified information system of the university with the participation of professional communities, both from education and from the field of information technology under the leadership of the state is substantiated.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to undertake the first mycologic investigation of dermatophytic flora of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Skin, hair, and nail samples were collected from 14...


A shift is proposed from the traditional 'deficit approach' towards a 'strengths approach' in learner support in the South African context. The Student Self-Empowerment and Enrichment Programme serves as an example of a strengths approach in which diversity is embraced, and where facilitators and students are engaged in the process of making new meaning in conversation with one another. The narrative research approach is followed and narrative analysis is the method adopted for the interpretations. The following themes were identified as important in enhancing learners' personal resources: Benefiting from the sharing of information and experiences; The role of different backgrounds in seeking connection; The facilitator-participant relationship; Responsibilities; Communication skills; Change; Personal problems; Strengths reflected in the narratives. The results bear evidence of the impact of the programme, and the benefit of replacing traditional methods of teaching with more egalitarian and participatory methods. Embracing diversity benefits facilitators and learners alike, and contributes to the richness of life stories and the ability to function in new ways.


Biomass can be converted to synthetic natural gas (SNG) by thermochemical gasification and a subsequent methanation. For a multi megawatt process the conversion efficiency of biomass to SNG is up to 74


Wheat is one of the most important and grown crops in Ukraine. Enabling reliable and accurate winter wheat yield forecasts several months in advance of the harvest is an important problem. In this paper we assess relative efficiency of using MODIS data to winter wheat yield forecasting in Ukraine at oblast level. Relative efficiency is defined as the ratio between the variance of the sample (in our case the winter wheat yield official statistics) and the variance of the estimate that has been made with the aid of satellite data. Performance of the forecasting models in terms of relative efficiency was dependant on the agroclimatic zone being on average 1.2 for Plane-Polissya, 1.5 for Forest-Steppe, and 1.9 for Steppe.


Taylor Dome is the site of an ongoing ice core/paleoclimate project. The main activities of the 1992-1993 season included surveys by ground-based optical methods, surveys using satellite receivers, radio-echo sounding of bedrock topography, and depositional environment characterization. Monitoring continued of accumulation rate and three cores were sampled to detect the depths of atmospheric nuclear test fallout products. 5 refs., 1 fig.


Abstract : Use novel tele-technology web services incorporated into business process redesign and disease state management to improve the disease management and outcomes of patients with Diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia (risk factors for Heart Disease which is the number one cause of death in the United States per World Health Organization, 1998 statistics). Providers (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, educators) and patients will be tied together through improved automation, knowledge management, and disease management processes that link all of the sites of care (inpatient, outpatient, home-based patient monitoring) . Our hypothesis is that compared to pre-implementation of tele-technology disease management, there will be a statistically and clinically significant improvement in health care markers of disease treatment, as well as cost, post-implementation of tele-technology disease management.


Aquatic vegetables are all crop species growing in paddy fields, pools or lowlands, and have a very long cultivation history in China. There are mainly 12 fresh-water plant classes belonging to 12 families with about 1700 germplasm resources all over the country. They are lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), water bamboo (Zizania caduciflora Hand. Mazz.), taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott), water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC. C.), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.), arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L. var. sinensis Makino), water chestnut (Eleocharis tuberosa Roem. et Schult), water caltrop (Trapa spp.), gordon euryale (Euryale ferox Salisb.), water cress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br), common cattail (Typha caduciflora L.) and water shield (Brasenia schreberi Gmel). Aquatic vegetables are all enjoyed for their crisp, tasty qualities and special flavor, and most of them have exceptional health and appreciation value. Many of them originate in China, and they are an essential part of the Chinese plant germplasm resource treasury. China also produces more aquatic vegetables than any other country in the world. Nowadays, research focuses on germplasm resources and breeding, mechanisms of edible organ development and control, processing, and ecology. Facing the challenges of increasing demand for high quality vegetables, future prospects for production and research of aquatic vegetables are also discussed in this article. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost has recently been utilized as a soil amendment in commercial vegetable production systems in Florida. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate effects of inorganic fertilizer and compost combinations with two irrigation rates on crop growth, leaf nutritional response, fruit yield and quality and to determine the nutrient availability in the soil amended with compost and potential NO3-N leaching losses below the root zone into the ground water on calcareous gravelly soils in south Florida. Application of compost combinations with inorganic fertilizer significantly increased tomato total marketable yield over 18% than inorganic fertilizer. Concentrations of total N, inorganic N, AB-DTPA extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, B and Mo were significantly higher in soil amended with compost than in non-amended soil (control). Concentrations of NO3-N, PO4-P and some metals in lysimeter water collected below the root zone were higher in plots amended with compost, especially at the high rate of irrigation.


A rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid in rat plasma was developed. The analytes and internal standard (IS), tinidazole, were extracted from rat plasma via liquid/liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and separated on an Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column within 4 min. Quantitation was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing an electrospray ionization technique, operating in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and negative ion mode. The precursor to product ion transitions monitored for 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid and IS were m/z 515.2 → 353.0, 178.9 → 134.9, and 246.0 → 125.8, respectively. The assay was validated in the linear range of 4.00–96.0 ng mL−1 for 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 2.00–128 ng mL−1 for caffeic acid. The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD%) were within 8.89% for each analyte. The absolution recoveries were greater than 73.52% for 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 74.32% for caffeic acid. Each analyte was proved to be stable during all sample storage, preparation and analytical procedures. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of Dengzhanxixin injection in 8 rats.


Joining of plain carbon steel (SS41) to alumina or mullite using copper filler metal was made in a slightly oxidizing atmosphere. Joining strength was determined by fracture shear loading. The liquid copper wetted both alumina and steel during joining, and a strong joining was formed after cooling down. The strong bond is attributable to the formation of hercynite (FeAl2O4) at the interface between copper and α-alumina. The use of this joining provides various type of joints such as alumina/steel tee joint and alumina butt joint strapped with steel.


Application of a load to different materials and rocks induces acoustic and seismic emission. If the load has a cyclic character, then as a rule such an emission will vanish for loads less than the maximum previously reached load level. This is the so-called Kaiser effect, which is an expression of memorized stress history of materials and rocks. Usually, this effect is assumed to be valid also in the case of fluid-induced seismicity. Here, we show that microseismicity occurring during hydraulic fracturing violates the Kaiser effect. In material sciences, such a breakdown of the Kaiser effect is termed the felicity effect. We observe that the felicity effect can be directly related to reopening of the hydraulic fracture forced by fluid injection in loading cycles. In contrast, closing of the hydraulic fracture following injection cessations seems to be governed by the Kaiser effect. We explain such a contrasting behaviour of microseismicity by an aseismic character of a slow fracture closing and by rubbing and pore pressure diffusion during a quick fracture reopening. This violation of the Kaiser effect for tensile fracturing due to hydraulic forcing on rocks is similar to the absence of this effect in the case of shear fracturing by seismogenic processes. Possibly, the felicity effect is a common feature of ongoing active faulting.


tween a solid and a liquid. Where the reaction rate is low in comparison with the rate of diffusion of the active chemical agent through the fiber, the modification or damage to the fiber is more or less uniform throughout the fibers. However, in commercial processing of wool, these conditions are not always obtained, and the treatments may result in non-uniform modification of a fiber, the surface portion being more affected than the central regions. Thus, if fine and coarse fibers are treated under such conditions and


The appendix on the centres of gravity that appears at the end of Galileo's book, Two New Sciences, is analysed. It is shown that the method used by Galileo in this work has an interesting reasoning and also shows preliminary ideas about scaling and advances some ideas about series convergence. In addition, we note that the geometrical language Galileo uses makes its understanding difficult in contemporary terms.


Maintenance of endothelial barrier is mediated by cAMP‐dependent signaling pathways which at least in part involve protein kinase A (PKA). Tight regulation of PKA function can be achieved by discrete compartmentalization of the enzyme via physical interaction with A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). By using a cell‐permeable synthetic peptide (TAT‐AKAPis) designed to competitively inhibit PKA‐AKAP interaction, we investigated the importance of AKAPs for cAMP‐dependent endothelial barrier maintenance in cultured human microvascular endothelium. Transendothelial electrical resistance measurements showed that TAT‐AKAPis destabilized endothelial barrier properties whereas increased cAMP levels in response to forskolin/rolipram (F/R) have a protective effect. Moreover, pretreatment with the peptide completely abolished the barrier stabilizing effect of F/R. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TAT‐AKAPis induced adherens junction reorganization characterized by an interdigitated distribution of VE‐cadherin at the cell membrane combined with rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. In parallel to a partial loss of PKA, membrane staining of Rac1 and IQGAP1 were also reduced. These results indicate that AKAP‐mediated PKA subcellular compartmentalization has a key role in maintenance of endothelial barrier properties. DFG SFB688/TPA4.


SIR-In response to Dr. Mac Keith's plea for information concerning the ideas on auditory perception and speech expressed in the book by Fraser and Blockley (DMCN, 16,840-841), I wonder whether you would find the following comments to be of interest. They are made from the point of view of a linguist only. Fraser and Blockley take the view that the underlying cause of language disability is a defective appreciation of relationships of space and time; and that if this is attacked and improved, language proficiency will improve as a natural consequence. While the hypothesis is not implausible, the "comprehensive and coherent theory of perception" which the authors seek (p. 40) does not exist: as they themselves say-"We do not know enough about the normal development of perception to be able to devise a programme, let alone how it would apply in the case of the perceptually disordered child" (p. 43). I accept that if there is perceptual disability, then this must be attacked before comprehension and production of speech is likely to develop normally. But the implementation of Fraser and Blockley's theory involves contradictory linguistic considerations, the status of language in their methodology is unclear, and their analysis of language behaviour contains misleading assumptions, when looked at from the point of view of linguistics. Concerning their theoretical position, they claim that their work is based on a study of the literature on language over the past 200 years; but they refer only to the more speculative, philosophical writings-no technical works of contemporary linguistics are referred to at all. What they produce, in fact, is an amalgam of linguistic notions from different theories and stages of development within theories, which inevitably is inconsistent. On the one hand, they say their work is close to a Piagetian psycholinguistic view of language as an internal part of cognitive activity and development (p. 52); on the other hand, their entire discussion is couched in generative linguistic terms which are, in the last resort, fundamentally incompatible with Piagetian theory. Then within generative grammar, 1957 notions of kernel sentences are made to exist alongside 1965 notions of transformation and 1970 conceptions of deep structure in terms of generative semantics. As a result, the basic claims of their approach remain quite obscure, e.g. that their programme is "based on the theory that the remedying of the child's perceptual disorder enables him to relate the surface structure of speech to the deep structure" (p. 26). Concerning methodology, the authors provide little detail about the r61e of language in their work. They claim that their approach is non-verbal, that is "we do not treat through the defective medium" (p. 51). But the one child they give us a detailed account of had had considerable language contact and therapy before their programme started, and it is left quite unclear, in the discussion of the visual and auditory sequencing tasks which constitute part of the programme, how much and what kind of language was used to the boy or around him in the instructions and discussion of the tasks (pp. 22-23). It seems unlikely


This article provides a simple geometric interpretation of the quadratic formula. The geometry helps to demystify the formula's complex appearance and casts it into a much simpler existence, thus potentially benefits early algebra students.


Objective To understand parents′ knowledge about prevention of child sexual abuse(CSA).Methods An anonymous investigation was performed by questionnaire on the knowledge,attitude and education of prevention of child sexual abuse among 450 parents of pupils in 6 elementary schools in Hubei and Liaoning in China.Results 90.8% of the parents were willing to admit prevention education of child sexual abuse.Although nearly all parents warned their children of dangers from strangers,they were much less likely to talk specifically about sexual abuse.Only 48.4% of the parents told their children that parents or other trusty adults should be told if sexual abuse happened to them;2.7% had provided their children with books or audiovisual products about child sexual abuse prevention.The parents′ prevention knowledge of child sexual abuse was quite limited.Only one third believed that children were most likely to be sexually abused by familiar people(35%),and that when a child was sexually abused,there would usually be no obvious physical evidences(30.8%).Conclusion The parents are short of the basic knowledge of prevention of child sexual abuse.We should pay more attention to community-based child sexual abuse prevention education.


With access to a high proportion of distributed photovoltaics, the power quality and line loss of distribution networks have become the focus of power grid enterprises. Traditional line loss management does not consider the impact of distributed photovoltaic access, which leads to incomplete line loss calculation methods and management means of distribution network. Therefore, this paper establishes a simulation analysis model of high proportion distributed generation connected to the distribution network and puts forward the overall loss method of the distribution network through theoretical analysis. On this basis, the IEEE 34-node system is used to calculate the impact of different capacities and locations of distributed access on the voltage distribution and line loss of the entire distribution network. The example shows that there is a corresponding relationship between the access capacity of DG and the lowest network loss. When the access capacity of distributed generation is too large, the system's network loss will increase. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select the access capacity of distributed generation. The method proposed in this paper is accurate, and can also take the actual limitations of existing photovoltaic access and developable photovoltaic capacity into account, so it has strong engineering practicability.


【Objective】Early maturity is fundamental to produce high and stable yield in upland cotton.It is of important practical value to dissect the genetic components and analyze the genotypes of beneficial and unbeneficial loci in crosses using early varieties as parents.【Method】Six varieties of different origins were used in an incomplete diallel cross design to evaluate the genetic components in parents and the major locus groups related to earliness in F1s by QTL testing system.【Result】The genotypes of major locus groups for growth stages were mainly++in the early parents Xinluzao 8 and 10,which have the genetic background of 611-b and King's cotton,respectively.Each growth stage was significantly shorted in these genotypes.The inheritance of earliness related traits was mainly additive.The growth period had the largest additive value,followed by bloom,seedling and square stages. The additive effects of++and——locus group were equally important in the mid-maturity parent Jing 8891.However,almost all++ and–locus group were unbeneficial in the late parents Ningzao 1,Sumian 3 and TM-1,with each growth stage delayed.Among all major locus groups in all growth stages,the J=16 locus group had the largest additive values,indicating it can significantly reduce the growth period.The performance of earliness related traits in F1s was affected by both heterozygous and homozygous locus groups,but the growth period was primarily determined by the heterogeneity of the major locus groups.【Conclusion】Additive effects of major locus groups for earliness related traits were invariably higher than dominance.The additive effects of major locus groups for square and bloom stages played a predominant role in earliness.


Complexity science may be described as the science of learning systems, where learning is understood in terms of the adaptive behaviors of phenomena that arise in the interactions of multiple agents. Through two examples of complex learning systems, we explore some of the possible contributions of complexity science to discussions of the teaching of mathematics. We focus on two matters in particular: the use of the vocabulary of complexity in the redescription of mathematical communities and the application of principles of complexity to the teaching of mathematics. Through the course of this writing, we attempt to highlight compatible and complementary discussions that are already represented in the mathematics education literature.


Different charge transport mechanisms at the device interface are found for a series of ladder-type semiconductors with increasing chain length.


For the thousands of financial institutions anxiously watching the discontinuation and transition from certain interbank offered rates ("IBORs"), 2020 just got a little less chaotic. On Thursday,…


Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2, and ErbB3 promotes growth and antiapoptotic signaling. Overexpression of ErbB2 in breast cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome, and ways of down-regulating ErbB2 are important as therapeutic approaches. In contrast to EGFR, ErbB2 has been shown to be endocytosis deficient. However, down-regulation of ErbB2 can be induced by incubation of cells with geldanamycin and geldanamycin derivatives, counteracting the stabilizing function of heat shock protein 90 on ErbB2. In the present study, we have made use of stably transfected isogenic cell lines expressing ErbB2 only or ErbB2 together with EGFR and/or ErbB3. We now show that whereas ErbB2 can be down-regulated by incubation with geldanamycin in cells expressing ErbB2 only, the rate of geldanamycininduced down-regulation increases significantly when the cells additionally express EGFR and/or ErbB3. This increase does, however, not correlate with activation/ phosphorylation of ErbB2. The potential of heterodimer formation in ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells could thus turn out to be prognostically predictive with respect to outcome of treatment with geldanamycin derivatives. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(2):275–84) Introduction The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) family includes four members: EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. The ErbB proteins share a common structural organization with an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single-membrane spanning region and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain (reviewed in refs. 1, 2). The different ErbB proteins do, however, have different properties. EGFR, ErbB3, and ErbB4 bind multiple ligands (reviewed in refs. 3-5), whereas no known ligand interacts with ErbB2 (6, 7). Ligand binding induces conformational changes causing exposure of the extracellular dimerization arm allowing formation of homodimers and/or heterodimers (reviewed in refs. 2, 4). ErbB2 has a constitutively exposed dimerization arm (2) and is therefore the preferred dimerization partner (8, 9). Heterodimers containing ErbB2 have enhanced and prolonged signaling (10), which is induced by phosphorylation of COOH-terminal tyrosine residues serving as docking sites for adaptor and effector proteins. Each ErbB protein exhibits a unique phosphotyrosine profile that allows binding of different enzymes and adaptors (reviewed in refs. 5, 11, 12). The tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB3 is deficient (13), making ErbB3 incapable of forming active signaling homodimers. Phosphorylation of ErbB3 thus depends on dimerization with other ErbB proteins (14, 15), and the ErbB2-ErbB3 complex is reportedly the most potent in oncogenic signaling (7, 10, 16). It is well established that the EGFR is rapidly endocytosed on ligand binding followed by recycling or degradation (reviewed in refs. 17). All other ErbB proteins, however, show impaired ligand-induced endocytosis (18-20), and ErbB2 has clearly been shown to be internalization resistant (21-23). In contrast to EGFR and ErbB2, ErbB3 was shown to have a rapid turnover at the plasma membrane, and this turnover was reported to depend on the ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 and on proteasomal activity (24, 25). ErbB2 has its dimerization loop constitutively exposed, and overexpression of ErbB2 efficiently drives heterodimerization (reviewed in ref. 26). Due to its internalization resistance, overexpressed ErbB2 also inhibits endocytosis of EGFR-ErbB2 heterodimers (27). ErbB2 is thereby a causal factor in carcinogenic processes. For this reason, mechanistic insight into how ErbB2 can be down-regulated is called for. In the current work, we have investigated whether other ErbB proteins (EGFR and ErbB3) affect the efficiency of geldanamycin-induced down-regulation of ErbB2. Received 12/3/07; revised 9/30/08; accepted 10/17/08; published OnlineFirst 02/10/2009. Grant support: The Research Council of Norway, including the Functional Genomics Program, Norwegian Cancer Society, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Medinnova, NOVO Nordic Foundation, Anders Jahre's Foundation for the Promotion of Science, Torsted's Legacy, Blix Legacy, and Bruun's Legacy. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Molecular Cancer Research Online (http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/). N.M. Pedersen and K. Breen contributed equally. N.M. Pedersen was a Ph.D. fellow of the Norwegian Cancer Society and K. Breen was a Ph.D. fellow of the Research Council of Norway. Current address for N.M. Pedersen: Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, and Department of Biochemistry, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0310 Oslo, Norway. Requests for reprints: Espen Stang, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet HF, 0027 Oslo, Norway. Phone: 47-23071483; Fax: 47-23071511. E-mail: email@example.com Copyright D 2009 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-2183 Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(2). February 2009 275 Research. on October 5, 2017. © 2009 American Association for Cancer mcr.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from Published OnlineFirst February 10, 2009; DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-2183


Given that ample research has established that surgery to `correct' the appearance of intersexed genitals is socially motivated, this article is concerned how actual medical practices obfuscate social interests, and what the results of that obfuscation can be. By applying Eric Parens' distinctive means of categorizing medical procedures as either `enhancements' or `treatments' this article argues that the current means of managing intersexuality fit neither category. The article then proceeds to question the logic of dominant medical practice concerned with intersexuality and proposes new ways to think about intersexuality and provide care for intersexed children. Case studies form exemplars that demonstrate the consequences of the medical and cultural illogic at work in early childhood diagnosis and clinical management.


The sand lance is an important forage fish and wasp-waist species in the Arctic region. During feeding season, it constitutes a high-quality prey item with large energy reserves that are dependent on the prey availability of lipid-rich Arctic copepod species. The sand lance generates a constraining and vital link in the energy transfer between the lower and higher trophic levels of the marine ecosystems. In this study, the lipid content of the Northern sand lance, Ammodytes dubius, was examined along the southwestern coast of Greenland (61 ̊N to 67 ̊N) and intra-annually on Fyllas Bank. Sampling occurred during May, June and July in 2013-2018 and the lipid content of 692 freeze dried sand lances was successfully analysed individually on a Dionex ASE 350, where lipid was extracted with hexane under high pressure at 100 ̊C. Analysed lipid contents (%DW) were standardized for date of catch and fish length, making it possible to compare analysed lipid values between individuals and sampling areas in residual values. Results showed a clear latitudinal gradient as lipid contents varied significantly between areas with a declining trend towards north, with lipid residuals ranging from -9.2 to 17.5 (100×lipid weight/DW). Furthermore, high lipid contents were significantly correlated with high annual water temperatures between years on Fyllas Bank. The sensitivity to increasing temperatures and the close linkage with lower and higher trophic levels makes A. dubius the perfect candidate as an indicator species of the marine ecosystems along the southwestern coast of Greenland, which can provide valuable knowledge on the consequences of the current climate changes. Thus, the results in this study contribute with important information that can be used in the future monitoring of marine ecosystems where the sand lance plays a key-role.


The ExCEEd (Excellence in Civil Engineering Education) Teaching Workshop is celebrating its seventh anniversary this year. So far, 171 schools have participated and this long running American Society of Civil Engineering program has produced 307 graduates. Last year, the United Engineering Foundation provided funding to expand the program to include electrical, chemical, and mechanical engineers. The ExcEEd (Excellence in Engineering Education) workshops were jointly sponsored by ASCE, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). While the teaching workshop covers a variety of topics that include learning objectives, communication skills, and teaching with technology, the two topics that participants have consistently reported as most valuable are board notes and questioning techniques. Board notes provide a systematic means of organizing a class that helps ensure students will leave with good notes, lesson objectives will be met, the class will finish on time, disparate topics will be linked by transitions, physical demonstrations and group exercises will be appropriately placed, and the class will have a hierarchical structure that makes sense and is easy to follow. Questioning techniques provide the instructor with the tools to actively engage students in the learning process in a non-threatening way and encourages their participation during the classroom presentation. Questioning students by name causes significant angst for many professors, but it can reap huge benefits for the individual who is well prepared, understands how to ask questions, and is willing to take a small risk. This paper will focus on these two concepts that provide the professor with the ability to manage the classroom space and time while engaging the students in the learning process. It will provide an explanation, the rationale and examples of both subjects. The concepts of board notes and questioning are merely two of the 13 seminars that the ExCEEd workshop presents, but they are the two topics that are overwhelmingly cited as being most helpful in their development as teachers by over a half decade of participants.


Large Language Models have many methods for solving the same problem. This introduces novel strengths (different methods may work well for different problems) and weaknesses (it may be difficult for users to know which method to use). In this paper, we introduce Multi-Method Self-Training (MMST), where one method is trained on the filtered outputs of another, allowing us to augment the strengths and ameliorate the weaknesses of each method. Using a 176B parameter model trained on both language and code, we show that MMST can 1) improve the less performant method (up to 30%) making the model easier to use, 2) improve the more performant method (up to 32.2%) making the model more performant, and 3) improve the performance of related but distinct tasks (up to 10.3%) by improving the ability of the model to generate rationales. We then conduct ablation analyses to explore why MMST works. We show that MMST generates more data than traditional self-training, but the improvement in performance is driven by the use of multiple methods. We also analyze prompt-engineering and anti-correlated performance between methods as means of making MMST more effective. We hope the evidence from our paper motivates machine learning researchers to explore ways in which advances in language models allow for new forms of training.


Abstract Over the last years, the animation of interface agents has been the target of increasing interest. Largely, this increase in attention is fuelled by speculated effects on human motivation and cognition. However, empirical investigations on the effect of animated agents are still small in number and differ with regard to the measured effects. Our aim is two-fold. First, we provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of the empirical studies conducted so far in order to investigate effects of animated agents on the user's experience, behaviour and performance. Second, by discussing both implications and limitations of the existing studies, we identify some general requirements and suggestions for future studies.


Time-dependent antibiotics require drug concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a certain period between doses, which usually ranges from 40 to 50% of the inter-dose interval for their best action. Continuous infusions are preferred over extended infusions for beta-lactam antibiotics and are associated with clinical benefits like a decrease in hospital stay, cost of therapy and mortality. For vancomycin, continuous infusion is associated with reduced toxicity and cost of therapy but no mortality benefit.


OBJECTIVES
The Occupational Physician in accordance with the Prevention and Protection of AUSL Romagna (Rimini) has enabled for some years, a Clinic for the psychological job environmental discomfort addressed to employment, with expressions of the psychophysical disorders, caused by work related stress. Health is defined by the current legislation as a state of psychophysical and social wellbeing.

METHODS
The main purpose of Clinic for the psychological distress in working environment is to provide listening space and psychological support for employees. In order to assure this support, the Occupational Physician can activate the collaboration with the Psychologist of Clinic for the Psychological Evaluation in support to the formulation of the fitness for work.

RESULTS
The data analyzed are those in the period between November 2010 and 2014, concerning the accesses to the Clinic for the psychological distress in working environment and in order to the developments of the paths undertaken by the workers.

CONCLUSIONS
The Clinic for the psychological distress in working environment represents an effort into the individual improvement and a possible answer to the reckoning of the risk for work related stress.


The observations recorded on plant height, plant spread, leaf area, number of thorns on flower stalk, days required for first flower bud initiation, average weight of flower, length of peduncle, number of petals per flower, vase life and petal area were significantly influenced by chemical mutagens and their different concentrations. The results on days required for bud sprouting and colour of flower were not found significant. Among the various concentrations of two chemical mutagens i. e. EMS and MMS the results of treatment EMS 0.20% was found to be promising for plant spread, leaf area, average weight of flower, number of petals per flower, length of peduncle, vase life and petal area.


(B=0), which was used for Bth determination.2. EXPERIMENTAL SET UPThe experimental set up used in our COIL system has been describedin the previous workst'2. Therefore, only the improvements of the setup will be mentioned (Fig. 1). (1) A new more efficient introductionof gaseous chlorine into the reactor of the singlet oxygen generator


Publications dealing with the economic side of medicine are relatively new to professional literature. Starting as a mere trickle, this information has become a deluge, pouring forth in response to avid physician interest. The expected impact on the medical world should be great. Close personal observation to the present time, however, discloses but little improvement in the traditional ignorance of doctors concerning business matters. A careful search for reasons to explain this apparent failure to bring enlightenment to the medical community focuses suspicions on the dull, repetitious nature of articles recurring in popular journals. The plot recounts some predicament which the author has innocently fallen victim to, and the denouement of the story is his salvation through the heroics of a professional consultant. This woeful formula is repeated over and over with but minor variations. Its popularity obviously points up the fact that physicians have much less money available than


586 Background: Based on clinical anecdotes and existing literature, the general population has trouble understanding and making use of statistical information. We explored the accuracy of breast cancer patients' (pts) estimates of treatment outcomes (probabilities of remaining cancer free versus recurring) relative to data provided by 'Adjuvant! Online' decision aid program, and whether accuracy differed by pts numeracy skills (i.e. use of mathematical concepts and operations).

METHODS
43 ER+ women with early stage, node-negative breast cancer were recruited (mean age 56, 72% Caucasian). After signing an informed consent and completing an assessment of numeracy (Lipkus et al., 2001), pts discussed case-specific Adjuvant! print-outs with an oncologist. Pts then estimated their chances of being cancer free after receiving no further treatment, hormonal therapy only, chemotherapy only, or both. Pts also were asked to select the treatment option that afforded their best chance of remaining cancer free.

RESULTS
Compared to the estimates provided by Adjuvant! Online, pts underestimated their chance of being cancer free after receiving no further treatment (M=62 vs. 48 out of 100), hormonal therapy only (M=72 vs. 45), chemotherapy only, (M=71 vs.42), and combined therapy (M=78 vs. 54). 63% correctly selected the treatment option that afforded the highest estimate of being cancer free. More numerate patients were more likely to correctly specify which treatment option provided the best chance of being cancer free (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.89, p<.006); and less likely to give personal estimates of being cancer free inconsistent with estimates provided by Adjuvant! for hormonal therapy (OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.72, p<.02), chemotherapy (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.99, p<.05) and combined therapy (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.85, p<.02).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that pt numeracy skills are important in comprehending statistical data about adjuvant treatment outcomes. Numeracy skills may have implications for how statistical information about treatment is presented and discussed, affecting processes of informed decision-making and pt quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Background : The concept of self-medication entails the use of drugs, herbs or home remedies on an individual's own initiative or on the advice of another person within his or her environment without consulting a qualified medical health services provider. It is widely practised in both developing and developed countries, and empirical evidence shows that great populations of persons in our communities indulge in the practice. Objective : To evaluate the practice of self-medication among undergraduates of Imo State University Owerri. Methodology : It was a descriptive cross sectional study. Data was obtained using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires. Results were analyzed and presented using tables, bar charts and pie charts. Results : Only 38.9% of the respondents consulted qualified doctor when ill, the rest (61.1%) practised self-medication or by using drugs recommended by friends, family members or a paramedical worker. Reasons  given for self-medication include cheaper costs (52%), avoidance of delay at the hospital (51.6%), past experience of the efficacy of the drugs (51.9%). Conclusion : Factors that influence self-medication should be addressed by appropriate stakeholders for it to be curbed. Keywords : Analgesics, Antacids, Anti-malarials, Headaches, Medical Science


We consider the effect of quantum interactions on Pauli–Fierz massive gravity. With generic graviton cubic interactions, we observe that the 1-loop counterterms do not conform to the tree level structure of Pauli–Fierz action, resulting in the reappearance of the sixth mode ghost. Then to explore the quantum effects to the full extent, we calculate the resummed graviton propagator with an arbitrary interaction and analyze its complete structure, from which a minimal condition for the absence of the ghost is obtained.


Criteria of a choice of indicators of the financial markets on the basis of the accounting of the stylized facts are offered. Such approach to the analysis of long statistical supervision over movement of the prices of financial instruments of stock markets allows to build adequate mathematical models of price dynamics. By way of illustration in article dynamics of the prices on the example of the RTS index is considered.


It is estimated that about 20% of children and adolescents meet criteria for a mental health disorder, and a high percentage of these youths are impaired by disruptive behavior problems.


The abc-conjecture is at the moment one of the unsolved problems in number theory. In this report the definition of this conjecture as formulated by Masser-Oesterle in 1985 is given and various methods to generate abc-triples are discussed. Since some of these methods are also applicable in the p-adic numbers, these are introduced as well. Also introduced is a generalization of the abc-conjecture, namely the n-conjecture, as formulated by Browkin-Brzezinski. Again a method to generate n-tuples is given. Since it appears that all generated examples for the Browkin-Brzezinski generalization, where n = 4 and n = 5, are not pairwise coprime, another version of the n-conjecture is given where this is a demand. For this so called strong n-conjecture examples are generated for n = 4 and n = 5 to support this alternate version.


The following paper illustrates the meaning of strengthening construction project cost accounting in building enterprise,compares the differences between enterprise financial cost and project management cost,explains the contents of item cost accounting,and introduces the method to strengthen construction cost accounting,which is propitious to the operation and management of building enterprise and to promote its competitive power.


Purpose. The scientific work aims to develop a new method for assessing the level of chemical air pollution in working zones located in open areas near highways using screens of different heights. Methodology. The analytical method for calculating the airflow velocity field near protective screens is based on the mathematical apparatus of the theory of complex variable functions, which allows obtaining the value of the velocity potential and the flow function, to calculate the velocity value at any point of the plane with a screen of different height. The obtained velocity field is used to calculate the level of carbon monoxide concentration in the numerical solution of the two-dimensional mass transfer equation. Findings. The developed program of numerical calculation allows conducting computational experiments on the effectiveness of the use of protective screens, taking into account changes in their geometry and meteorological conditions. The developed method based on the obtained concentration field makes it possible to carry out an assessment of the risk of chronic intoxication for the employees of the take-out trade, who are within the zone of the emission source (highway) for a long time. Originality . The regularities of changes in the concentration of carbon monoxide are established depending on the distance to the emission source at a height of 2 m from the ground in the presence of a screen of a certain height and in its absence. A risk assessment of chronic carbon monoxide intoxication has been carried out for take-out trade workers near the highway. It is shown that the presence of the screen reduces the risk of chronic CO intoxication by 10% as compared to its absence. Increasing the screen height to 1.8 m reduces the risk of chronic intoxication by 6% relatively to the situation when the screen height is 1.2 m. Practical value. The developed numerical-analytical method for calculating the level of chemical pollution in working zones in open areas and the program «Screen» created on its basis allow us to carry out a prompt forecast of atmospheric air pollution level with carbon monoxide taking into account the effectiveness of the screens. Quantitative results are necessary at the planning stage of trading places near highways, during the architectural-planned reorganization of adjacent developments.


Owing to the intermittent and randomness of solar radiation, high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) energy injected into power distribution systems will inevitably change the magnitude and direction of the power flow, thus causing problems such as voltage violation of the point of common coupling (PCC) and further having a hazardous influence on consumers' electricity quality. And the communication construction of China's distribution systems is now relatively weak, difficultly integrating multiple voltage regulation equipment. To improve consumers' voltage quality at the PCC, a coordinated control method based on active and reactive power of local inverter is proposed. This method can realize the economic regulation of the voltage at the PCC through reactive compensation and active reduction, which can maximumly assure the voltage magnitude at the PCC within limits (including upper and lower limits) and maximize the utilization capacity of PV inverter. Based on Matlab/Simulink, simulation results in different scenarios show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


German strategic culture has dominant, militarist, authoritarian and expansionist characteristics, as well as being to open to the critical thinking, compromising and developments. This strategic culture, which has caused many wars throughout history, has been suppressed and controlled by the victorious states after the Second World War. However, after getting full sovereignty under the geopolitical conditions of the Cold War time, German strategic culture evolved from German pacifism which is called as the "civilian power" (Zivilmacht) into world politics (Weltpolitik). Yet, Germany, to prove its commitment to 'civilian power' politics, has grounded its world politics on "planetary responsibility ethic" (Planetarischer verantwortungsethik). At the same time, under the postmodern conditions, Germany trie to be more active on international politics by developing a foreign policy concept that is called as "the Leading from Center" (Fuhrung aus der mitte). Therefore, it is possible to pronounce that Germany's strategic culture has preserved its characteristics of being a power in every circumstance in the history and that they have got an important actor of the international system accordingly.


Abstract James, B.W., Goodband, R.D., Unruh, J.A., Tokach, M.D., Nelssen, J.L. and Dritz, S.S. 2002. A review of creatine supplementation and its potential to improve pork quality. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 21: 1–16. Creatine is an amino acid derivative normally produced by the liver, kidneys and pancreas from arginine, methionine and glycine. It functions to provide high energy phosphate for the rephosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) following rapid energy expenditure. Research conducted with athletes has demonstrated that creatine monohydrate supplementation reduced fatigue and enhanced performance during anaerobic exercise. Based on the observations in humans, creatine supplementation has been investigated to improve meat quality in swine. As muscle is converted to meat, several biochemical reactions occur that have profound effects on product quality. Postmortem glycolysis results in the accumulation of lactic acid which decreases muscle pH. Therefore, if supplemented dietary creatine could delay the onset of postmortem glycolysis through increased levels of phosphocreatine and ATP, muscle pH would not decline as rapidly and pork quality would be improved. Several strategies have been explored in an attempt to increase the muscle creatine concentrations in pigs, although most methodologies are a reflectance of those typically used by athletes. Little evidence has been found to suggest that creative supplementation will affect growth performance. However, some studies have demonstrated that pigs fed creatine have increased pH at 45 minute and 24 h postmortem. Other research has demonstrated that creatine may decrease drip loss and improve visual firmness scores of pork. However, the results have been variable and warrant further investigation.


Applying documentation,interviews,and comparison,the thesis analyses the present situation of employment status of the professional personnel in social physical education.The result showed that the rate of the social PE professional personnel′s taking up the occupations related to physical education was rather low and the phenomenon of changing occupations was widespread.In order to solve the problem,the author discussed thoroughly the causes of the present employment situation from the aspects of the social needs,the training from the college and universities,and the students themselves.The author also gave some suggestions,in hopes of providing some references to the future development of P.E. specialty.


A pre-column derivatization RP-HPLC method with detection with a photodiode array detector(DAD) or a fluorescecse detector(FLD) was developed for the determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in edible birds' nest(EBN).Samples were dissolved in 0.5 mol/L sodium bisulfate aqueous solution and kept for 30 min in 80 ℃ water bath.After cooling the derivatization was carried out using O-phenylenediamine·2HCl as derivative.The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using a mobile phase composed of 1.0% tetrahydrofuran aqueous solution(containing phosphoric acid and 1-butylamine at the levels of 0.5% and 0.15%,respectively) and acetonitrile(95:5,V/V) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in the isocratic elution mode.The DAD wavelength was set at 230 nm and the FLD Ex and Em wavelengths at 230 and 425 nm,respectively.The relationship between HPLC peak area and N-acetylneuraminic acid concentration over the range of 0.1-750 μg/mL exhibited good linearity(r 0.9990).A complete separation of N-acetylneuraminic acid was observed within 20 min.Mean recoveries of 6 replicates for N-acetylneuraminicacid in a real sample spiked at 3 levels ranged from 85.03% to 97.14%.The limit of detection(LOD) of the method was 0.2μg /mL with a DAD and 0.005μg /mL with a FLD.Clearly,the LOD with a FLD was two orders of magnitude lower than that with a DAD.Meanwhile,less miscellaneous small peaks were observed in the FLD detection.However,a DAD presented higher detection sensitivity than a FLD at the same concentrations over the LOD resulting from DAD detection.The method demonstrates the advantages of high sensitivity,good repeatability and rapidity,and is consequently most suitable for the determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in some samples like EBN.


The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), comprise a family of growth factors that include VEGF‐A, VEGF‐B and Placental growth factor (PlGF) and promote angiogenesis and neovascularization. The important role of VEGF‐A in the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and retinal edema has been demonstrated by the clinical success of VEGF‐inhibiting agents in wet AMD. An aptamer, an antibody, an antibody‐fragment and a soluble receptor have been developed for ophthalmological use to inhibit CNV in AMD. These therapeutic molecules differ in their spectrum of VEGF family members they inhibit, and in the structure of the molecules. We will here provide an overview of VEGF family members and their involvement in CNV and discuss the differences in the therapeutic molecules to bind VEGFs, inhibit CNV and to produce off target effects.


Water-soluble polymers were prepared by the reaction of poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA) with thiols such as α-thioglycerine (TG), 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) or 2-mercaptoethylamine (MEA) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. These polymers reacted with copper (II) ion in a dilute aqueous solution to form complexes which had a good foaming ability. The visible spectra of these complexes changed slightly with pH. Copper (II) ion was removed efficiently from the aqueous solution by means of foam treatment around pH 7 at which the complex solution gave absorption maximum. More than 97% of copper and more than 99.9% of nickel, cobalt, manganese and cadmium were removed by the foam treatment.


Non-safety potentials are analyzed for chemical production in festivals and holidays, some solving measures are suggested in order to promote safety production in festivals and holidays.


The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationships between adiponectin and leptin with blood lipids (CHOL, HDL‐C, LDL‐C, and TG) in physically active postmenopausal women. One hundred and thirty‐four physically active practicing gymnastics (2–3 times per week) women between the ages of 51 to 85 years participated in this cross‐sectional study. Body height, body mass, waist‐to‐hip circumference ratio (WHR), and BMI were used as anthropometrical parameters. Body composition parameters (fat%, fat mass, fat free mass) were measured by DXA. The fasting adiponectin, leptin, CHOL, HDL‐C, LDL‐C, and TG were measured. From the anthropometrical and body composition parameters, only WHR correlated significantly with adiponectin (r = −0.306). In addition, adiponectin correlated with TG (r = −0.277) and leptin (r = −0.381). Leptin was positively related to body mass (r = 0.261), and BMI (r = 0.274) from anthropometrical parameters and body fat% (r = 0.288) and fat mass (r = 0.298) from body composition variables. No relationships emerged between leptin and blood lipids. We found that there are some significant relationships between adiponectin, leptin and anthropometrical and body composition parameters in physically active postmenopausal females. From blood lipids, only TG correlated significantly with adiponectin. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:609–612, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Time-lapse analysis of 4D seismic data acquired at different stages of hydrocarbon production or fluid/gas injection has been very successful at capturing detailed reservoir changes (e.g., pressure, saturation, fluid flow). Conventional 4D seismic analysis is performed in the time-migrated image domain and assumes a fixed migration velocity model; however, this assumption is violated when the subsurface velocity is significantly altered by production/injection effects, resulting in large time-shift anomalies and complex 4D scattered wavefield coda. We argue that these situations require a more robust 4D analysis procedure that involves iterative wave-equation prestack depth migration (PSDM) and time-lapse velocity analysis. Herein, we adapt a 3D image-space wave-equation migration velocity analysis (WEMVA) approach that backprojects discrepancies (residuals) in 3D/4D migrated images to form 3D/4D velocity model updates. We discuss the differences between 3D and 4D WEMVA inversion goals, and how we localize 4D WEMVA perturbation estimates to around the reservoir zone to generate high-resolution velocity model updates. We demonstrate the benefits of 4D WEMVA analysis in a synthetic CO2 geosequestration experiment by successfully inverting for a velocity model perturbation corresponding to a thin layer (< 20m) of injected CO2 in a North Sea analogue reservoir.


Ficus carica Linn is widely used in the preparation of local traditional medicine used for pain relief in Bangladesh. Our present studies make an attempt toward validating this traditional use by investigating antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of F. carica Linn. Ethanolic extract of whole herb and fruits of F. carica Linn showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) CNS modulated anti-nociceptive activity, in a dose dependent manner, in both Hot Plate and Tail Immersion Tests. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema test gave significant results (P ≤ 0.05), indicating possible anti-inflammatory action. The extract failed to produce any significant result in Acetic acid induced writhing test. Formalin induced paw-licking test showed that F. carica Linn had significant effect in suppressing neurogenic pain (P ≤ 0.05).


Two elastic-plastic models are considered here for describing the non-linear deformation of tough plastics at large strains. These models can be used to predict the impact performance of a component up to failure. One is a relatively simple method that is commonly implemented in commercial finite element systems. The limitations of this model for use with certain types of plastics are illustrated with results for an ABS and a propylene-ethlene copolymer. The limitations arise with materials that undergo stress whitening through cavitation under tensile stress states. The second model has been developed to describe the influence of cavitation on deformation behaviour. Two formulations of this model have been developed and are needed to model the behaviour of two types of cavitating material, rubber-toughened plastics and semi-crystalline polymers with a rubbery amorphous phase.
The determination of parameters for each model is described and their predictive accuracies are compared with experimental data from uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression and constrained tension tests.


Dietetic Chinese materia medica is a science dealing with the theories and application of edible Chinese drugs.Its development has undergone different stages,i.e.beginning,formation,supplement and development.It has provided valuable literature for modern research in nutrition and dietetic therapy.


Traditional fault diagnosis systems of rolling mills mostly use single machine monitoring net,which leads the re- al-time data running only in the enterprise locally and can not monitor and manage the high-speed wire rolling mills between units, workshops and factories concentratedly.A new-type structure of remote diagnosis system for high-speed wire rolling mills is pre- sented in this paper.The signal processing,computer network and remote diagnosis etc techniques are used to predictive maintenance manage the rolling mills units in this system.The new structure reinforced the remote feedback function,made up the existing fault diagnosis systems' insufficiency in the extension and the function,promoted resource sharing and avoided the repeat develop- ment.The remote diagnosis example shows that the system can monitor and diagnose the fault information of remote machine timely and effectively.


Abstract The aim of this research was to examine the role of working memory in moderating the effects of automaticity on mental addition in 40 Chinese third-graders from the perspectives of task characteristics and individual characteristics. In Study 1, a 2 (working memory load [WML]) × 2 (automaticity), within-subjects design was utilized. There was significant interaction effect of WML and automaticity on students' response time in mental addition. The WML moderated the effect of automaticity on mental addition. In Study 2, we conducted an HLM analysis. Of all working-memory-capacity variables, only the phonological loop (with mathematics-based stimuli) was found to significantly moderate the effects of automaticity on students' mental addition.