Introduction . Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a significant waterborne human pathogen. More than 1 4 0 virus es are known to be excreted in faeces by infected persons including HAV. Detection of virus is very important for management. The objective of study is to identify concentration method s for virus isolation from environment sample and  type of PCR to detect HAV . Method: L iterature review was conduct ed using electronic database: google schoolar with key words Detection of Hepatitis A in an environment, its journal published in 2000 – 2019. Only article in English included in study. Results : Environmental samples can be processed to detect HAV. Virus can be detected after water samples had been concentrated. The concentrate then tested with PCR (Qualitative, q uantitative real-time RT–PCR or Nested PCR) to detect the presence of  HAV in environmental samples. Consclusion. The real-time RT–PCR technique is more efficient,  faster,  no need for post-PCR confirmation of amplified product, no correlation between viral contamination and bacterial indicators.  The detection rate for nested RT–PCR was  lower than quantitative real-time RT–PCR . Real-time PCR was more sensitive than nested RT-PCR and it could enumerate HAV RNA.  .


The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has defined pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage, which also comprises a subjective component [...].


Compared with the traditional Rogowski coil, printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coil has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, simple manufacturing process and low cost. It has become an important device in current measurement. However, the existing PCB Rogowski coils are mostly closed, and the open-ended structure PCB Rogowski coils are susceptible to external magnetic field interference. This paper proposes an open-ended structure PCB Rogowski coil based on a new winding method, so that the two open-ended PCB Rogowski coils are evenly distributed when closed, while improving the coil's immunity to external magnetic fields based on the winding method of equal area of the de-wired and loop. In addition, this paper uses the hybrid integration circuit and the back-end matching method to achieve the broadband measurement performance of the sensor. Finally, the experimental results show that the mutual inductance difference between the closed and open-ended structure PCB Rogowski coil is less than 0.5% under the same wiring mode. Under the equivalent current interference at 50 mm from the measured current, the maximum interference coefficient of the open-ended structure coil is 1.45%; in sine sweep and pulse current test conditions, the frequency band is 34 Hz–3.5 MHz.


This paper describes a methodology for synthesizing the data-path of a Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) based Video Signal Processor (VSP). Offering both performance and programmability, VSPs are important for their roles in digital video applications, which are omnipresent in today's world. Among many different architectures, VLIW is becoming increasingly popular and widely used due to its efficiency in exploiting high degree of parallelism inherent in multimedia applications. While architectural syntheses of embedded systems have been studied in depth, little literature has addressed similar issues for VLIW-based VSPs. Using an MPEG-2 video encoder as a case study, in this paper we present a combined application of trace-driven simulation and performance estimation in the data-path synthesis of a VLIW VSP. Results show that our estimations are quite precise and helpful, let alone that they are orders of magnitude faster than simulation.


By the automatic tracking function of the software Tracker,the damped vibration of spring oscillator has been tracked effectively. The displacement-time curve is depicted in the real time. The vibration equation and envelope equation are fitted by the fitting function of the software. The damping coefficient of air track is calculated. The phase diagram can be obtained by the function of coordinate transformation.


In this work, spherical lithium titanate was prepared by spray drying. Then, copper particles were deposited on the lithium titanate using a copper mirror reaction. Finally, the composite was vulcanized to produce Cu2S@Li4Ti5O12 materials (named Cu2S@LTO). As a coating layer capable of lithium storage, Cu2S can effectively improve the conductivity and lithium storage capacity of lithium titanate materials. Improving the low conductivity of lithium titanate increases its specific capacity. Morphological and structural analyses show that the prepared composite material has a spherical structure and that Cu2S is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the spherical particles with a high degree of crystallinity. In addition, the electrochemical performance of the lithium-ion battery cathode material Cu2S@LTO in an ether electrolyte and ester electrolyte (LB303) was studied. The results show that the Cu2S@LTO anode material has a better electrochemical performance in the ether electrolyte than that in the ester electrolyte. The first specific capacity reaches 206 mA h/g. The capacity retention rate is 91% after 30 cycles. Even at a high rate, the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles can still be maintained at 98.5%. The excellent electrochemical energy source is due to the synergistic effect of Cu2S and lithium titanate, which not only improves the conductivity and specific capacity of lithium titanate but also effectively relieves the volume expansion of Cu2S during lithium storage, thereby extending the battery cycle life.


It is a well known fact that penicillin therapy produces few reactions. Urticaria seems to be the most common cutaneous reaction. In this report the possibility is suggested that penicillin acts as a photosensitizing agent. Photodermatitis of vegetable origin has already been well studied.1It is due in most instances to external contact of the patient with the plant followed by his exposure to sunlight. The action of chlorophyll seems to be an important factor in the photosensitizing properties of certain plants. The mechanism of photosensitization by a fungus is undoubtedly different, since fungi lack chlorophyll. REPORT OF A CASE A 25 year old white pilot was admitted to the hospital on Jan. 29, 1944 for penicillin therapy. He had had gonorrhea for three weeks. He had received one course of treatment with sulfathiazole from January 6 to January 11 and another, with sulfadiazine, from January 14 to


A review of Jenny White, Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012), a book that provides important insights into the shifting and truly revolutionary aspects of contemporary Turkish national identity discourse, and what these may mean for the future of the country as it continues to grapple with multiple poles of attraction both geographically and culturally.


A cross-sectional study with 90 first-year (G1) and last-year undergraduates (G2) of a nutrition program conducted to evaluate the association between body image perception and nutritional status. To evaluate the perception and distortion of body image, the Stunkard Silhouettes Scale and the Questionnaire on body image (BSQ 34) were applied. Weight (Kg) and height (m) were measured and nutritional status was classified based on the calculation of body mass index (BMI). The average values for weight, height and BMI were similar in both groups (p > 0.05), but a different result was found for age, whose average was significantly higher among graduates (p < 0.05). It was found that 73.3% of the first-year students and 77.8% of the last-year undergraduates were eutrophic, and the latter had lower prevalence of underweight and overweight compared with the former, without a significant association (p=0.87). Dissatisfaction with thinness or overweight was 62.3% and 82.2% in G1 and G2, respectively. It was found that 20% of the first-year students showed serious body image distortion, with a significant difference when compared to last-year ones (p=0.001). Body image dissatisfaction was quite prevalent, and it was more common among last-year students who had a distorted impression of excess weight. Body image dissatisfaction in different degrees was prevalent in this study, regardless of nutritional status. Physical exercise and healthy eating habits should be encouraged among college students and strategies should be promoted for a better perception of their bodies.


A report in this issue examined the relationship between severe histological chorioamnionitis and/or funisitis (HCA/F) and neonatal death (ND) before hospital discharge or cerebral palsy (CP) at 2 years in singleton infants born between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation (Huetz et al. BJOG 2016; 123:1956–63). From 2008 to 2011 in a single hospital, of the 276 newborns potentially available for CP evaluation, 22 died before discharge, 102 had no placental analyses, and 58 were unavailable/ lost-to-follow-up. Hence, 196 infants were evaluable for CP evaluation at 2 years; of which 17 had CP. The authors found nonsignificant increases in ND and CP in infants whose placentas had HCA/F, which was interpreted as lack of an association between HCA/F and CP/ND. Study weaknesses, many acknowledged by the authors, included a substantial loss-to-follow-up, many placentas not evaluated, a relatively small sample size and few cases of CP. Only about one-third of those evaluated were between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation at birth. Numerous individual studies and meta-analyses have addressed placental histological findings, especially HCA/F, and various neonatal outcomes, especially CP/ND [Wu et al. JAMA 2000;284:1417–24; Shatrov, Obstet Gynecol 2010;116:387–92). The results have been mixed, although many studies and meta-analyses have found associations between HCA/F and ND and/or CP. Potential reasons for the discrepant findings among studies include varying definitions of chorioamnionitis, funisitis and CP, and differing time periods, birthweight, gestational age, maternal characteristics and care available to the mother and infant. Many studies adjusted for a variety of risk factors, whereas some did not. The gestational age range included in the Huetz et al. study compared with other studies may be especially important. Huetz et al. evaluated infants born between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation whereas most previous studies included infants <28 weeks of gestation. This difference may help to explain some of the differences in outcomes, because infants born at <28 weeks of gestation are more likely to have HCA, more severe HCA and/or funisitis, and are more likely to die or have CP (Kim et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;213:S29–52). For example, infants born at <28 weeks of gestation often have rates of CP ranging from 6 to 10% whereas in the Huetz et al. study, the overall CP rate was < 1% (Hoarvath et al. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012;163:160–4). Generally the studies showing a positive relationship between HCA/F and CP/ND had odds ratios ranging from about 1.5 to 3.0. Whether the results were statistically significant often related to the number of pregnancies evaluated, and the prevalence of HCA/F and CP/ND. Huetz et al. had only 196 infants evaluable for CP, of which 17 had CP, and 22 were NDs. The OR of 1.41 reported for CP is within the confidence intervals of statistically significant results in several meta-analyses (Soraisham, J Perinatol 2013;33:70–5). With larger numbers, this odds ratio may have become statistically significant. Hence we believe that this study does not confirm or deny a relationship between HCA/F and CP/ND. Going forward, because of the large number of studies and the wide disparity among results, it is unlikely that additional individual or singlecentre studies with small sample sizes will help to resolve the relationship between HCA/F and CP/ND. Instead, the resolution will come from a large multicentre study with standard definitions for HCA, funisitis and CP, which is conducted in infants with clearly defined gestational age limits, and with follow up of all study infants.


Genetic divergence analysis is a powerful tool in quantifying the degree of divergence between biological populations and to assess the relative contribution of different components of total divergence. The present investigation aimed to study the genetic divergence and clustering pattern of 76 pearl millet genotypes for selection of suitable parents that can be utilized in hybridization programme. The analysis of data revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Based on the genetic distance (D2 value), the 76 accessions were grouped into 12 clusters. Of them, cluster I with 38 genotypes forms the largest followed by cluster II and III with 13 in each. The character relative injury contributed the maximum to the divergence. Based on the average inter-cluster distance (D), the clusters VI and XI followed by clusters XI and XII were found to be highly divergent from the other clusters. Selection of parents from these clusters and crossing them in a breeding programme is advocated to develop male sterility based heterotic single cross hybrid (A×R) combinations. Maximum diversity was observed between 65 R (VI) vs. (XI) followed by 80 R (XI) vs. 1 B (XII).


Several methods have been proposed for ranking the decision-making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) with imprecise data. Some methods have only used the upper bound efficiencies to rank DMUs. However, some other methods have considered both of the lower and upper bound efficiencies to rank DMUs. The current paper shows that these methods did not consider the DEA axioms and may be unable to produce a rational ranking. We show that considering the imprecise data as stochastic and using the expected efficiencies to rank DMUs give better results. Indeed, we propose a new ranking approach, based on considering the DEA axioms for imprecise data that removes the existing drawbacks. Some numerical examples are provided to explain the content of the paper.


ABSTRACT My biographical research on Loretta La Pearl, the first woman clown in America, is a case study of responding to the incomplete and biased nature of archives for women. Through my lens as a creative practitioner, I use the methodology of speculative biography as a means of countering the official archival gaps in Loretta's story by re-deploying self-made archives of other circus women. I discuss the challenges of fragmentary records, speculation, authorial sympathy and intersectionality. In drawing on these creative methodologies, I am countering the incompleteness of circus archives and making visible the otherwise largely erased life of the first woman clown.


The number of Internet of Things (IoT) deployments has grown in an unprecedented rate during the past few years. This expansion has led analysts and individual industrial companies to the prediction that a few tens of billions of devices will be deployed in the next decade in diverse industries such as automotive, utility, health, logistics and home automation. This growth in physical deployments and physical devices fuelled the development of cloud middleware for managing a large number of sensor data streams generated by the individual sensors. In this paper, we describe one such computational middleware, called IoT-Framework, built on open source components. The main objective of this framework is to disseminate the generated raw data streams as well as processed and fused streams to multiple interested parties. The IoT-Framework is using the RabbitMQ publish-subscribe system and the elasticsearch search and storage technology. In this paper we provide preliminary evaluation results on the performance of the combined operation of the two components.


This utility model discloses a USB waterproof structure, comprising a waterproof plug and a plastic housing sealing and being fixed around the USB socket. The waterproof plug comprises a plastic cap body and a flexible rubber plug body integrated on the plastic cap body. Two annular flexible rubber protruding rings are processed and integrated on the flexible rubber plug body to achieve sound sealing and fixing between the flexible rubber plug body and the USB socket. The USB waterproof structure is simple in structure, applicable to the electronic products, has strong capabilities of resisting water and dust and prolongs the service life.


Discussion on convergence, represented in a variety of academic fields related to communication, has not included production and consumption of content, notwithstanding the relative abundance of references to convergence in Peruvian business and government papers. This is addressed by drafting a definition of convergence analyzing its specific manifestation, trying to generalize how it affects the viability of media industries and the definition of communication policy. Models of convergence are analyzed and an interpretation that helps to understand convergence as a social and cultural phenomenon is proposed.


The invention relates to a urea-water solution filter (1) comprising a housing (2), a cover (3), and a urea-water solution filter element (4), wherein a membrane (8) separates a compensation volume (10) from a filtration volume (11) and the membrane (8) seals between the cover (3) and the housing (2).


In the southern Scandinavian landscape, large oaks Quercus robur provide habitat for a wide range of species, including a large number species on the national Red list and the EU habitat directive. Since most of these trees are hollow and have likely been growing in conditions different from the ones of an "average" oak in today's more forested landscape, direct inference of their age from diameter may be biased. To provide support for the management of these trees, we estimate their age by combining inventory data on diameter distribution of the largest oaks (n = 236) in the Swedish county of Scania and data on ring width distribution for large (>1 m in stem diameter) oaks collected in seven oak-dominated stands (both woodland-type and denser closed-canopy forests) in southern Sweden (ntrees = 69, nrings = 12399). The mode of ring-width distribution was 1.26 mm yr –1 . The central 90% of ring width distribution was within 0.54 and 3.38 mm, demonstrating the high growth plasticity of the species. Both ring width distribution in large oaks, divided into 16 width classes, and cumulative 20-yr diameter increments (19 classes) were well approximated by the log-normal function. The largest oaks in Scania are unlikely to exceed 1000 yr, the most probable age estimates of the majority of the inventoried oaks were centered around 500–700 yr. The age distribution of 18 large (69.4–178 cm dbh) non-hollow oaks suggest the maximum age being around 400–600 yr. Conservation-oriented management of oak populations should address the need for preservation of such old trees.


Abstract This study shows the effect of a 1 year treatment with an estradiol valerate/dienogest pill in 36 women suffering from polycystic ovaries and mild or moderate acne. At beginning of the study, 24 patients (66.7%) had grade 1–2 (mild) acne and 12 patients (33.3%) had grade 3 (moderate) acne. After 12 cycles of therapy, we found an improvement of acne in 19 (52.8%) patients and a worsening of acne in 3 (8.4%) patients. The percentage of patients recovered was statistically significant (p < 0.01). SHBG levels were significantly higher after 6 and 12 months of therapy (p < 0.001), while total testosterone levels were lower in all patients at 6 and 12 months although this trend did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the E2V/DNG pill could exert a positive influence on acne and hyperandrogenism. Since this is an observational study on a very limited population number, additional randomized controlled studies on larger populations are needed also to determine the effects of this contraceptive over longer periods of use.


Over the last three decades, interest in the field of gene therapy seems to have fluctuated between hot and cold. Encouraging pre-clinical and clinical data has demonstrated the potential of genetic therapies and yet setbacks in clinical trials have cast doubts in some minds over the clinical future of gene therapy [1-3]. In the last two years, a number of studies have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in clinical trials aimed towards specific monogenetic disorders [4-6], and this has brought renewed optimism to the field. [...]


2 Abstract: The efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotic as alternatives to antibiotics in prevention of reduction of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infections in broiler chickens were studied, as well as the effect on shedding of S. typhimurium in both intestine content and internal organs in the experimental chickens. Obtained results proved that addition of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and/or prebiotic (Agrimos) to the ration of the chickens which were vaccinated with live attenuated S. typhimurium vaccine enhance the immune response and produced higher antibody titres than those vaccinated only. The use of probiotics, prebiotic as well as synbiotic may be an effective therapy against S. typhimurium shedding after vaccination with live attenuated vaccines or after exposure to the infection by S. typhimurium virulent organism. The treated non-vaccinated groups gave better results than vaccinated non-treated group in controlling of S. typhimurium organism shedding and this clarified the role of probiotic and/or prebiotic in declining the shedding of the organism. Incorporation of probiotic and/or prebiotic with vaccination with live attenuated S. typhimurium vaccine gave better results in decreasing the percentage of S. typhimurium reisolation from the internal organs of the chickens than in case of vaccination alone. As well as, in non-vaccinated groups, the using of probiotic and/or prebiotic reduced the percentage of reisolation if compared with non-treated group. Accordingly, it could be recommended using these friendly probiotic and prebiotic preparations beginning from the first day of chick life till marketing or end of production period as alternatives to antibiotics.


Title of Document: EARLY PHONOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF TODDLER LANGUAGE OUTCOMES Kayla Nicole Gerhold, Master of Arts, 2015 Directed By: Dr. Nan Bernstein Ratner, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Several studies have explored relationships between children's early phonological development and later language performance. This literature has included a more recent focus on the potential for early vocalization profiles in infancy to predict later language outcomes, including those characterized by delay or disorder. The present study examines phonetic inventories and syllable structure patterns in a large cohort of infants as they relate to expressive language outcomes at 2 years of age. Results suggest that as early as 11 months, phonetic inventory and mean syllable structure level are related to two year expressive language outcomes (MLU, MCDI, and types). If specific patterns of production can be established for a typically-developing population then this will additionally inform clinical decisionmaking. Possible applications are discussed. EARLY PHONOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF TODDLER LANGUAGE OUTCOMES By Kayla Nicole Gerhold Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2015 Advisory Committee: Dr. Nan Bernstein Ratner Chair Dr. Rochelle Newman Dr. Yi Ting Huang


Hydro-Gro ( 10-0-0) and UAN 32 (32-0-0) were applied once every 10, 15 or 30 days on a bermudagrass green overseeded with Poa trivialis at the rate of 9.0 lbs. PLS/M in mid October, 2007. Regardless of application frequency, each product was applied to achieve a 020. lb./N/1000 ft 2 nitrogen rate. Hydro-Gro produced a darker green turf than did the UAN, when averaged over all application timings. Enhanced turfgrass color was more consistent when Hydro-Gro was applied every 15 days (2x/monthly) compared to the 10 and 30 day application timings of this product. For the UAN source, no single application timing scheme produced a consistently darker Poa trivialis turf compared to any other application timing for the same product.


Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) consists of spectrum of diseases of which Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary's syndrome are most common. Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is a low-grade, chronic lymphoproliferative disorder affecting skin caused by abnormal proliferation of CD4 + T-cells. The incidence of MF is showing an increasing trend all over the world. Also, it is seen twice as often in males as in females (2:1) and mostly it occurs after fourth decade of life. The clinical stages of MF usually progress through distinct phases namely pre-mycotic, patches plaque, tumor and erythroderma. The diagnosis may be confirmed by histopathology of skin biopsy, immunophenotyping and genotyping. Fine needle aspiration cytology from any suspected organ is a suitable procedure to establish the organ involvement. The imaging techniques like X-ray, ultrasonogram, CT scan, MRI and PET scan, etc., are helpful to know the exact extent of disease, visceral as well as lymph node involvement. Radiation therapy is the most effective modality of treatment for MF w hich offers cure in limited-stage disease and desirable palliation in advanced-stage disease. The radiation dose-fractionation schedule for the treatment of MF varies widely across the world. Treating entire skin having many curved surfaces and folds with radiation dose is the real challenge for the radiation oncologist. Many techniques, dose schedules and modifications in total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) have been tried since1950s. Radiotherapy treatment is time-consuming and inconvenient to both patient as well as the oncologist. Therefore, this treatment is performed with high dose rate (HDR) mode in some centers. The advantage of treating with HDR mode is to bring down the treatment time of a single patient every day from two-and-a-half hours to 15 minutes which increases patient compliance and at the same time saves machine time. TSEBT is performed with 4 MeV electrons with a daily fraction size of 120 cGy to a total dose of 36 Gy. At the end of 36 Gy, a booster dose of 10–15 Gy is delivered to self-shielding regions like sole, scalp and perineum. Where the energy is more than 4 MeV, a polysterene screen is inserted in between the patient and gantry to degrade the energy of electrons from 6 to 4 MeV. The most common radiation-related morbidities are erythema, skin blisters, various degrees of desquamations, swelling of joints (especially small joints), etc., which are controlled by treatment interruptions and conservative measures. To reduce these radiation toxicities, many dose schedule modifications are being practiced at many centers. In the present article, we have tried to review various literatures on this topic. As a conclusion, we can submit that TSEBT is an excellent therapeutic modality for the patients with MF, both curative as well as palliative. Key words: Mycosis fungoides, radiotherapy , total skin electron beam therapy


Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the
age-related incidence and severity of primary vesicoureteral reflux
(VUR) in siblings of children with reflux and to conclude whether
screening of this group is required or not. Methods: A total of 71
siblings (32 boys, 39 girls) of reflux patients, aged less than 15
years (mean age, 8.4 years) were included in the study. Examination
methods including urinalysis, urine culture, renal ultrasonography, and
voiding cystourethrography were performed in all of the siblings.
Additionally, 99m technetium (Tc)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal
cortical scintigraphy was performed in siblings with VUR. Results:
Primary VUR was found in 10 (14%) of the siblings, and the incidence
for girls and boys were 41.7% and 9.3%, respectively. The reflux
incidence in siblings aged less than 6 years was 40%, whereas in
siblings older than 6 years it was found 60%. DMSA scintigraphy was
performed on all the siblings with VUR, of whom 5 had normal and 5 had
abnormal findings. Conclusion: The incidence of primary VUR in
siblings of affected children was found higher compared to the siblings
of children without the disease, supporting the necessity to screen
this population.


The endemic species Dioon sonorense comprises the northernmost group of populations of Dioon , in Sonora, Mexico. Although it is endangered, only the southern populations are protected within a preservation area, while the remaining populations have not been taken into account in management plans or genealogical studies. Describing the intraspecific genealogy and the geographical structure of the genetic variation of D. sonorense may help in the identifi cation of units for further conservation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to describe the intraspecific genealogy of populations throughout the range of distribution of the endangered species D. sonorense , using haplotypes of the trnL-F spacer of the cpDNA. In addition, the levels of diversity of the employed molecular marker were estimated. Low levels of variability were recorded and at least two evolutionary units, corresponding to each haplotype, were identifi ed as components of the species. The inclusion of northern populations into conservation programs is recommended. In order to integrate these findings to the genealogy of genus Dioon , trnL-F sequences of all the remaining species were merged and analyzed. An ancestral haplotype with wide distribution was detected in several species and one haplotype in D. sonorense was found shared with its sister species, D. tomasellii . This work represents a first attempt to reconcile a genealogical approach in the identifi cation of important centers of genetic diversity of Mexican cycads.


In Johnson v. Stephens , 2015 U.S. App. Lexis 11529 (5th Cir. 2015), the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals held that Dexter Johnson, a state inmate, was not entitled to habeas relief on a Fifth Amendment claim that his statements made during a second investigation should have been inadmissible, despite


Abstract The stability of dieldrin, aldrin, lindane, chlorpyrifos and prothiofos was determined in distilled water and in roof water from either galvanised or concrete tanks. Samples were stored in the dark at 23°C. Dieldrin and lindane were stable for the 36 week period. Aldrin dissipated rapidly with a half‐life of 4–5 weeks, with no dieldrin being formed. Chlorpyrifos and prothiofos also broke down, with half‐lives ranging 12–18 weeks and 11–14 weeks respectively. No significant effect of water type was found. For the purpose of domestic usage, an activated carbon filter would be essential otherwise all contaminated water would have to be disposed of safely.


PPARs are ligand‐dependent nuclear transcription factors that regulate β oxidation of fatty acids in various tissues. PPARα ligands are also known to protect against pathological damage especially resulting from angiotensin II (AII) hypertension. However, the role of PPARα in regulation of hemodynamics under physiological conditions is not fully known. In this study, we evaluated the modulation by PPARα of the renal and systemic hemodynamic effects of AII. Clofibrate (250 mg/kg), fenofibrate (100 mg/kg), or WY14643 (45 mg/kg), PPARα ligands, each elicited a 3–4‐fold increase in renal peroxisomal β‐oxidation that was accompanied by increased renal NO production – 92±7, 73±5, or 59±6%, respectively. Clofibrate blunted AII (3–100 ng/kg)‐induced increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP; 46±6%, p<0.05) and the reduction in renal cortical blood flow (CBF, laser Doppler flowmetry, 29±4%, p<0.05). L‐NAME but not D‐NAME (100 mg/L) attenuated clofibrate‐induced inhibition of AII responses. In the presence of losartan (5 mg/kg), clofibrate uncovered a hypotensive effect of AII and further blunted the residual renal vasoconstriction. L‐NAME but not D‐NAME blunted the effects of losartan and blocked the hypotensive effects of AII in losartan‐treated rats. Except for WY14643, AT1‐receptor expression was down regulated (44±6%) while AT2 receptor expression was upregulated (6‐fold, p<0.05) in whole kidney homogenates from rats treated with PPARα ligands. These data suggest that PPARα activation counters AT1‐mediated pressor and vasoconstrictor effects and that during AT1 receptor blockade, PPARα activation leads to hypotension that is coupled to AT2 receptor activation by a mechanism probably involving NO production.


The current study involved preparation of ligand [2,5-bis-(2-(diphenyl methylene) hydrazineyl)-1,3,4thiadiazole] (L1) from reacting between thiadiazole derivative [ (2,5-dihydrazineyl-1,3,4 -thiadiazol) and Benzphenone by the ratio (1:2) . Attended the transitional elements ions complexes [Cr +3 , Fe +3 , Co +3 , Ni +2 , Cu +2 ] with ligand (L1) Complexes were diagnosed using the precision analysis of elements (C.H.N), Infrared spectrum (FTIR), Spectrum of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance proton ( 1 H-NMR), Mass spectroscopy, measurement magnetic sensitivity and measurement molar conductivity the results were practical exactly matching with the molecular and structural formulas of the proposed compound .Hyperchem was used to draw ligand (L1) and its complexes and to show the distribution of electronic density. Data obtained indicates that the stereochemistry figure of the complexes [Cr +3 , Fe +3 , Co +3 ] was octahedral , the proposed stereochemistry figure of the complexes [Ni +2 , Cu +2 ] is square planer. A study was conducted testing the biological activity for the prepared ligand (L1) and its complexes against two types of bacteria staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared to the standard inhibitor (Cipro.), the results obtained confirmed that ligand(L1) and their complexes did not show any biological activity towards the bacteria aureus staphylococcus aureus, while the ligand(L1) and their complexes showed different activity twards the second type of bacteria Escherichia coli, some showed greater activity than the standard inhibitor and some showed less activity than the standard inhibitor. Keyword: Mass spectral, Thiadiazole, Metal complexes, staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.


To realize more impartial assessment of academic influence of natural science papers across research fields or even scientific disciplines,the paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation system consisting of eight indices,and it adopted the representative articles of laureates of the Nobel Prize as benchmark to verify the objectivity and justice of the system. The result showed that F value and F'value obtained through factor analysis of the multidimensional comprehensive evaluation system were more reasonable than other - citaiton,as well as raised the visibility of high impact papers when applied to comparison of articles across scientific disciplines.


Many government agencies and business organizations have realized that it is necessary to consider not only the economic cost but also the road transport emissions when they determine the transport policies and operations. In this study, a patient transportation problem with the aim of reducing transport emissions has been formulated by implementing CVRP model. In order to determine the routes of patient transportation with optimized emissions for targeted hospital, an improved Cuckoo Search (ICS) algorithm is proposed. In this study, a 'split' procedure has been implemented to simplify the individual's representation. A new category of cuckoos has been introduced to improve the ICS's search ability. Two heuristics have been applied to improve the quality of initial population. A local search mechanism has been embedded in the search procedure to improve the quality of solutions obtained at the end of each iteration. The computational results were encouraging and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed solution method.


Graphene as a substrate for the van der Waals epitaxy of 2D layered materials is utilized for the epitaxial growth of a layer-structured thermoelectric film. Van der Waals epitaxial Bi0.5 Sb1.5 Te3 film on graphene synthesized via a simple and scalable fabrication method exhibits good crystallinity and high thermoelectric transport properties comparable to single crystals.


The objective of this study is to examine a machine learning (ML) framework for calibrating the parameters of analytical models of complex nonlinear structural systems where experimental data is significantly limited. Because of the high cost of large-scale structural tests, analytical models are widely used to enhance the understanding of structural performance under complex loading environments. In this study, an ML framework is proposed and evaluated for the calibration of an analytical model representing a shake table test performed on a composite column developed in OpenSees software. A large number of parameters for modeling the constitutive behavior of the concrete core, steel reinforcement, exterior composite tube, as well as the interactions between the concrete core and the tube, base fixity, and nonlinear shear deformations are included. A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture was used to calibrate these parameters by using the lateral load, displacement, and axial load time histories as input variables. First, a synthetic dataset is generated for permutations of different model parameters. Next, four CNNs were trained to evaluate the presentation of input data in time-domain and time-frequency domain. Finally, the trained model was prompted with real experimental data and the values of peak lateral force, residual displacement, and hysteresis energy dissipation from the analytical model were compared with those from the experiment. The results show that the proposed framework is appropriate for calibration of complex nonlinear structural models when experimental data is limited.


The Internet Age has challenged mankinds in all aspects,and society,culture,lifestyles,ways of thinking,etc.have been changing significantly in the Internet Age.Accordingly,the structure of family education should also adjust to the new age.The core concepts of family education such as the parent-child relationship,the subjects objectives and the core values of education are facing new challenges,and family education should adopt new strategies in the Internet Age.


Moskovitz reported Axillary Web Syndrome (AWS) as a postoperative complication after axillary lymph node dissection (Moskovitz et al, 2001). In a retrospective review of their data, they found AWS reported in 44 cases among 750 breast cancer subjects at 1–8 weeks post surgery. They described only one case of AWS pre-operatively in a woman diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer with extensive fixed nodal disease. They considered this case to be caused by blockage of normal lymphatic flow. There has been sustained interest in AWS as it impedes post-surgical recovery. Precise definition of the involved anatomical structures and causative factors are still being explored. Consensus of opinion regarding whether to intervene with treatment, as well as optimal treatment technique, has not been established thus far. AWS without axillary lymph node surgery is occasionally reported and this case study further informs on this.


Ultra-high strength concrete and high tensile steel are becoming very attractive materials for high-rise buildings because of the need to reduce member size and structural self-weight. However, limited test data and design guidelines are available to support the applications of high strength materials for building constructions. This paper presents significant findings from comprehensive experimental investigations on the behaviour of tubular columns in-filled with ultra-high strength concrete at ambient and elevated temperatures. A series of tests was conducted to investigate the basic mechanical properties of the high strength materials, and structural behaviour of stub columns under concentric compression, beams under moment and slender beam-columns under concentric and eccentric compression. High tensile steel with yield strength up to 780 MPa and ultra-high strength concrete with compressive cylinder strength up to 180 MPa were used to construct the test specimens. The test results were compared with the predictions using a modified Eurocode 4 approach. In addition, more than 2000 test data samples collected from literature on concrete filled steel tubes with normal and high strength materials were also analysed to formulate the design guide for implementation in practice.


Nicotinamide (1000 mg/kg; i.p.) enhanced the radiation response of the SCCVII tumour, producing an ER of almost 1.5 in a growth delay assay. Separating tumour cells as a function of fluorescent labelling with Hoechst 33342, suggested that this enhancement may be primarily a result of the elimination of acutely hypoxic cells in tumours. Nicotinamide also decreased mean arterial blood pressure in mice. These results are discussed with respect to their clinical applicability.


Ensuring protection in computer networks is an increasingly difficult task because of the sheer number and variability of threats currently encountered. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) is usually used to improve the security of information in computers networks, including any content that has value to a person or company. IDS monitor computers or networks to identify malicious activity or unauthorised access. An open issue is how much data is necessary for constructing models for predicting invasion in wireless networks, specially considering that are some scenarios that dataset is not promptly available. Our approach should consider constructing classifiers given a dataset and, as the dataset grows, new classifiers are constructed. Other strategy is explore stream learning algorithms that adapt models along the time. In addition to studying the applicability of stream learning algorithms. This work aims to investigate whether in terms of processing time, stream algorithms are more efficient than batch ones.


In cloud computing, the live migration of virtual machines (VMs) can ensure the running of cloud services. In order to enhance the performance of the whole-system migration, this paper presents a new disk migration method combined the redirect-on-write (ROW) mechanism with pre-migration and hierarchical migration to complete the live migration of VMs. At the pre-migration stage, isolates the original data and update data, simultaneously partitioned target disk for redirecting into low-frequency and high-frequency blocks according write frequency. After pre-migration stage, migrates the low-frequency blocks in the next round, then, migrates the high-frequency blocks at the shutdown stage. In this way, the amount of synchronization redundant data can be reduced. Experiments show that the technology proposed in this paper can reduce the amount of new-data migrated more than 65 percent and cut down the average migration time for 24s. It performs better in the whole-system migration, especially in the case of low workload.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology for benchmarking supplier risks through the creation of Bayesian networks. The networks are used to determine a supplier's external, operational, and network risk probability to assess its potential impact on the buyer organization.Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology includes the use of a risk assessment model, surveys, data collection from internal and external sources, and the creation of Bayesian networks used to create risk profiles for the study participants.Findings – It is found that Bayesian networks can be used as an effective benchmarking tool to assist managers in making decisions regarding current and prospective suppliers based upon their potential impact on the buyer organization, as illustrated through their associated risk profiles.Research limitations/implications – A potential limitation to the use of the methodology presented in the study is the ability to acquire the necessary data from current and poten...


This paper analyzes the performance of nonlinear processors (NLP) that are commonly used for attenuating residual echoes in adaptive echo cancellers for voice communications. The NLP (or residual echo suppressor) implemented as a center clipper produces undesired nonlinear distortions. In this paper, the center-clipping effects are analyzed using Fourier analysis, which decomposes the clipped signal as the summation of a set of rectangular waves and a pulse-amplitude modulated signal. The theoretical analysis shows that the clipping of a sinusoidal signal produces extra odd harmonics, which can be reduced by using the uncompressed center clippers. The analysis results can be extended to speech signals since they can be modeled as the summation of multiple sinusoidal components.


In recent decades, special attention has been given to the adverse effects of traffic congestion. Bike-sharing systems, as a part of the broader category of shared transportation systems, are seen as viable solutions to these problems. Even if the quality of service in bike-sharing service systems were permanently improved, there would still be some issues that needed new and more efficient solutions. One of these refers to the rebalancing operations that follow the bike depletion phenomenon that affects most stations during shorter or longer time periods. Current work develops a two-step method to perform effective rebalancing operations in bike-sharing. The core elements of the method are a fuzzy logic-controlled genetic algorithm for bike station prioritization and an inference mechanism aiming to do the assignment between the stations and trucks. The solution was tested on traffic data collected from the Citi Bike New York bike-sharing system. The proposed method shows overall superior performance compared to other algorithms that are specific to capacitated vehicle routing problems: standard genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization, Tabu search algorithm, and improved performance compared to Harris Hawks optimization for some scenarios. Since the algorithm is independent of past traffic measurements, it applies to any other potential bike-sharing system.


Retirement is something that cannot be avoided by workers, in retirement usually many employees who do not have the readiness to face changes in lifestyle such as identification of problems that researchers can at PT. Krakatau Steel namely lack of psychological readiness for employees who will face retirement, lack of self-understanding makes employees of PT. Krakatau Steel has difficulty making a productive life after retirement, many retirees who have no productive attitude after not working, and lack of financial readiness after retirement. The purpose of this study was to determine the Retirement Preparation Period (MPP) training for employees of PT. Krakatau Steel, to find out how to foster productive attitudes in PT. Krakatau Steel, and to find out the Retirement Preparation (MPP) training program in fostering productive attitudes towards employees of PT. Krakatau Steel. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by conducting interviews, observation and documentation to one person in charge of training and nine trainees. The results of this study in the Retirement Preparation Period (MPP) training for employees of PT. Krakatau Steel has "very good" material and fosters productive attitudes towards PT. Krakatau Steel is also "very good" and also a retirement preparation period (MPP) training program in fostering productive attitudes towards employees of PT. Krakatau Steel is "very good" in accordance with the stages of the training program.


Utilizing the special physical characteristic of a high impedance surface, a radio frequency identification tag antenna working at 920 MHz for metallic ground is proposed. The antenna not only overcomes the problem of impedance mismatching when placing on a metallic object, but also exhibits a low-profile antenna structure.


The status of fisheries resources on coastal and offshore areas is getting worse in Taiwan. Thus, to establish a fishery resources management system has become the main task among stakeholders. In this study, we would like to examine the feasibility of imposing the community-based co-management system and setting closed fishing seasons on the Northeast coastal fisheries in Taiwan and their potential impacts on fishery sustainability. In practical, lessons from other fishery countries, which have applied community-based fisheries co-management system that can be improved the effectiveness and feasibility for the program, and consequently, the implementation cost can be also reduced. Through questionnaire of Keelung, Nan-Fang-Ao, and Gong-Liao fishermen, the survey results indicate that, in general, their response to closed fishing seasons are important(70.9%), only 0.9%thank it is not important and 28.2% are neutral; Though the majority of them accept the plans of setting closed fishing seasons(67.77%), while difference among areas as Keelung(50%), Nan-FangAo(82.2%), Gong-Liao(57.5%) respectively. Finally, the results of this study have indicated: (1) fishermen recognized that a well-designed policy for fisheries management should consult fishermen's view, while they prefer the government agencies play the role of program as supervisors; (2) fishermen association can help to reach the fishermen's consensus harmoniously, which is useful to carry out the fisheries co-management system;(3) simulation results show that the application of closed fishing seasons with fisheries co-management system is more effective than that of closed fishing seasons only. These reactions can be referred to the government for establishing future fisheries management policies, which can achieve more economic efficiency and resource sustainability, and also can comply with the international regulations or resolutions.


The presenting problems of 641 marriages coming to marital counseling were factor-analyzed to produce six factors corroborated by a modified linkage analysis. The factors were interpreted as pairs, referring either to the husband or to the wife, and were used as a basis for distinction of three main dimensions of marital maladjustments: (1) dominance-submission power struggle; (2) the alienation pole of an affection-alienation dimension; and (3) the avoidance pole of an intimacy-avoidance dimension. Within each area, practical difficulties, interpersonal conflict and personal defects or maladjustment interacted to an extent indicating that marriage counselors could not afford to concentrate on a particular aspect of a client's problem without some knowledge of his current context. Applications of the findings for counseling and training of counselors are indicated.


We present high-resolution observations of a quiescent solar prominence that consists of a vertical and a horizontal foot encircled by an overlying spine and has ubiquitous counter-streaming mass flows. While the horizontal foot and the spine were connected to the solar surface, the vertical foot was suspended above the solar surface and was supported by a semicircular bubble structure. The bubble first collapsed, then reformed at a similar height, and finally started to oscillate for a long time. We find that the collapse and oscillation of the bubble boundary were tightly associated with a flare-like feature located at the bottom of the bubble. Based on the observational results, we propose that the prominence should be composed of an overlying horizontal spine encircling a low-lying horizontal and vertical foot, in which the horizontal foot consists of shorter field lines running partially along the spine and has ends connected to the solar surface, while the vertical foot consists of piling-up dips due to the sagging of the spine fields and is supported by a bipolar magnetic system formed by parasitic polarities (i.e., the bubble). The upflows in the vertical foot were possibly caused by the magnetic reconnection at the separator between the bubble and the overlying dips, which intruded into the persistent downflow field and formed the picture of counter-streaming mass flows. In addition, the counter-streaming flows in the horizontal foot were possibly caused by the imbalanced pressure at the both ends.


The negative values for the squares of both electron and muon neutrino masses obtained in recent experiments are explained as a possible consequence of a change in metric within the weak-interaction volume in the energy–momentum representation. Using a model inspired by a combination of the general theory of relativity and the theory of deformation for continuous media, it is shown that the negative value of the square of the neutrino mass can be obtained without violating allowed physical limits. The consequence is that the negative value is not necessarily unphysical.


This paper explores an implementation model for speeding-up the execution time for the highly computational model of the reaction-diffusion CNN (RD-CNN) described in [1]. RD-CNNs as well as standard CNNs are computing intensive, and this is a limiting factor to explore its full potential especially for image processing tasks. Hardware implementations using VLSI or FPGA architectures can provide the required computing power but at a higher acquisition, development and implementation costs. Recent developments of General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) technology provide scalable, powerful and cost effective solutions [2]. GPU represents an important computing resource due to its widespread cost effective powerful and massively parallel architecture. There are various fields in which GPU accompanies classic CPU architectures or even replace them in order to solve intensive computing tasks: imaging, computer vision, finance, scientific visualizations, cryptography, etc [3]. Investigating the capabilities of GPU could produce affordable and easy to implement models for implementing intensive computation RD-CNN image processor. Increased interest is focused on adapting and implementing existing algorithms on GPU. One step is to identify the applications or parts of the


We prove two "shove" theorems for the harmonic measure of certain sets in the unit disk that generalize a classical inequality due to A. Beurling. Our proof is based on some estimates for the Green function of the unit disk and on a method of Beurling that involves the transport of the Riesz mass.


This Intrusion detection system has become popular security intelligence component to provide security with capability of detecting attacks and patterns. Now day's globally use of IDS raising some lagging points like detecting false alert to be checked. Here new approach of support vector mechanism with swarm intelligence for selecting appropriate parameters to achieve high rate of attack detection and lower the false alarm than regular IDS. Recently, Support Vector Machines (SVM) has been employed to provide potential solutions for IDS. With its many variants for classification SVM is a state-of-the-art machine learning algorithm. However, the performance of SVM depends on selection of the appropriate parameters. In this paper we propose an IDS model based on Information Gain for feature selection combined with the SVM classifier. The parameters for SVM will be selected by a swarm intelligence algorithm (Particle Swarm Optimization or Artificial Bee Colony). We use the NSL KDD data set and show that our model can achieve higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate than regular SVM.


The invention belongs to the design field of a clock of a mobile terminal, which provides an alarm clock realization method and a system for the mobile terminal. According to the alarm clock realization method and the system for the mobile terminal, the alarm clock function and the photo taking function are combined; when the alarm clock time is up and an alarm clock prompt is given, a user manually takes a photo; and if the similarity between the obtained picture and a prestored picture exceeds a preset threshold value range, the alarm clock prompt stops. Compared with the single clock alarm mode of traditional realization mode, the method and the system provide an alarm clock realization mode with more entertainment, and the user experience is improved.


The patterns of interactions, both economic and otherwise, between individuals, groups or corporations form social networks whose structure can have a substantial effect on economic outcomes. The study of social networks and their implications has a long history in the social sciences and more recently in applied mathematics and related fields. This article reviews the main developments in the area with a focus on practical applications of network mathematics.


Although they are approximate only from the theoretical point of view, the FDK cone beam filtered backprojection (CB-FBP) reconstruction algorithm for a circular source trajectory and the general CB-FBP algorithm for other source trajectories, including a helix, have been utilized for decades in extensive applications. A common feature of these two algorithms is that the filtering operation is carried out along each horizontal detector row. Although the horizontal filtering works well for small cone angles, it has been shown that, in applications where a helical source trajectory is employed, the filtering step needs to be carried out along a direction tangential to the source helix to improve reconstruction accuracy. Furthermore, view weighting techniques have to be applied in helical CB-FBP algorithm to suppress streak artifacts caused by data inconsistency. Usually, the view weighting techniques are directly borrowed from their fan beam counterparts, which work well at relatively low helical pitch, but fail at high helical pitches. In this paper, we propose a new helical CB-FBP reconstruction algorithm. The filtering in the proposed algorithm is naturally carried out along the tangential direction of the helical source trajectory after a row-wise fan-to-parallel rebinning. A 3D weighting function (which is dependent on view angle β, ray distance t from the ISO, and cone angle α), is utilized to: (a) suppress artifact caused by data inconsistency; (b) improve noise characteristics by using redundant projection data; (c) extend field of view (FOV) at high pitches by maintaining data redundancy. Both computer simulations and real phantom scans are used to evaluate the proposed helical CB-FBP algorithm. Experimental evaluation verifies that the proposed algorithm produces excellent results from the perspective of reconstruction accuracy, noise characteristics, large FOV at high pitches, and temporal resolution.


We report the demonstration of a broadband white-light cavity scheme based on a cavity QED system that consists of multiple cold atoms confined in an optical cavity and coherently driven by a free-space laser field.


Is no longer than 250 words. • Does not include abbreviations or references. • Is correctly structured if it is for an original article (aim of the study, material or patients and methods, results, conclusion) • Is followed by no more than five keywords. • Is accompanied by an English translation and English keywords. Abbreviations • The manuscript includes as few abbreviations as possible and they are explained the first time they are used. • They follow international standards. • They are repeated systematically and always take the same form throughout the whole article.


This paper proposes a new control method for a weigh feeder. A weigh feeder has been widely employed in industry because it can dispense powder at a specified rate or amount. The proposed controller is mainly divided into a feed-forward and a feedback compensators. In order to obtain a simple controller, the former gives a steady-state control input designed using a nominal plant gain, and the latter consists of proportional gain and the control error between a reference input and a plant output. Because the proportional gain must be designed to stabilize a closed-loop system, it is updated using an extremum-seeking method. As a result, the control performance of the proposed method can be improved by seeking its extremum value. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by both simulation and experimental results.


While the theory of single domain TRM has been very successful in describing qualitative behavior, it has been less so quantitatively. It is argued here that at least some of the discrepancy between theory and experiment derives from inadequacies in the theory. An analysis of the conventional dynamical model used in TRM theory in terms of the statistical mechanics of thermal fluctuations shows that it is internally inconsistent. Calculation of the distribution of thermal energy shows that, counter to the usual assumption, only a small fraction of the energy goes into producing uniform rotation of magnetization, suggesting that non-uniform modes are more likely to be the controlling factor in TRM. One possible non-uniform mode is suggested: reversal by passage of a domain wall through the grain.


The heat stress modification capacity of urban trees is widely acknowledged and makes these natural landscape elements very important in the field of climate conscious urban planning. Many studies proved that shading, i.e. the reduction of direct solar radiation is the most effective way to moderate summer heat stress under Central European climatic conditions. The investigation aims at determining the transmissivity of four tree species that occur frequently in Hungarian cities: Sophora japonica, Tilia cordata, Celtis occidentalis and Aesculus hippocastanum. In order to accomplish that, a systematic radiation measurement campaign was carried out in the South-Hungarian city of Szeged, from early summer (foliated condition of trees) to late autumn (nearly leafless condition). Short-wave radiation from the upper hemisphere was measured with Kipp & Zonen pyranometers under carefully selected tree specimens (transmitted radiation), as well as on a roof station free from sky obstruction (actual value of global radiation). The calculated transmissivity values varied greatly with the seasonal status of the canopy (the median value of transmissivity increased from 0.03 to 0.47 in case of A. hippocastanum), and we found considerable inter-species differences too, evidencing that solar permeability depends on the amount of leaves, leaf density and other tree crown-related characteristics.


Due to the following features of oil or gas stations: high temperature and high pressure,inflammable and explosive,pressure vessels concentrated,strict process conditions,difficult to prevent and control accident,etc.,the application necessity and application process of HAZOP study in risk analysis of pipeline station were expounded.HAZOP,by which,the main node and meaningful deviations of stations were determined,reasons and results caused by deviation and countermeasures were given,then the accident risk level was determined combining with risk assessment matrix.The application results showed that HAZOP could identify and rank the hidden pipeline station hazards and bring forward the suggested measure which helps the enterprises to regulate the hidden hazards,improve the security of station equipments and operation and take good effect on accident reducing.


Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), which is mainly composed of the inner ear damage is a group of immune-mediated disease, often in volatility, single or double side sensorineural deafness, vertigo, tinnitus and ear swelling in feeling as the main clinical manifestations.Although clinical doctors have been concerned about AIED, due to the lack of typical clinical features and specific laboratory tests, there are more missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in clinic.In recent years, with the in-depth study of inner ear immunology, the cognition of AIED has been greatly improved, and the present situation of AIED's pathogenesis.

Key words:
Autoimmunity Diseases; Ear, Inner; Endolymphatic Sac


Tunnel in different rock after excavation,always has a different degree of deformation and settlement.For hard rock tunnel settlement deformation,it has a certain regularity,but soft rock tunnel settlement deformation is more complicated.In this paper,Zhi Fang tunnel used as an example,based on the Koch fractal theory,DK201+865 of tunnel is analyzed and researched.Through compared field settlement detection data and fractal calculation results,to prove that Koch fractal theory can be applied in the settlement calculation of the tunnel.


The material on which this paper is based was collected by Dr. W. J. McCallien, formerly of the Geological Department of Glasgow University, and has been made available to the writer by Dr. G. W. Tyrrell, under whose direction the present investigation has been carried out.1 The counties of Donegal and Tyrone in northern Ireland are built up for the most part of rocks belonging to a metamorphic series which represents an extension of the metamorphic series of the south-west and central Grampians of Scotland. They consist of crystalline schists, quartzites, limestones and dolomites of Dalradian age. Intrusions into this series comprise: (a) an Epidiorite group (designated on the geological maps 'hornblendic igneous rocks') forming part of the Dalradian; (b) a Spilite-Keratophyre group of Ordovician age; (c) a Lamprophyre-Porphyrite group (the felstones and felstone porphyries of the geological maps) of Caledonian age; (d) a Camptonite-Monchiquite group of Permian age; and (e) a group of Crinanites, Olivine-basalts and Tholeiites (referred to on the geological maps as 'basalts and dolerites of Tertiary age'). Much of the region, especially in the west, is occupied by granite which is later than the epidiorites but older than the other dykes. Previous research on this region is very scanty. The present paper deals only with the Caledonian and Tertiary dykes; the former have a NE-SW trend while the latter strike NW-SE or NNW-SSE veering at times to E-W. They occur mostly as minor stringers of only a few feet in width (2 to 12 feet), with This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract


Camponotus japonicushas one generation a year and overwinters as worker,winged female, winged male and larva in the soil and wood holes.Winged female make nuptial flight between late May and early July, then casts her wings and searches suitable place for oviposition, the winged adult emerges in August and mainly eats aphid's manna,small insects and plant's flower buds,leaves and buds.The formicary is built in soil or wood in the field,desert and forestland,mostly on the edge of for- est and field.The insect distributes in every city and county in Jilin Province at the elevations between 500 m and 2 100 m ,more in Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest below the elevation of 1 100 m.The active period is from early May to early October when the average temperature of a day is above 10℃,the active ways of outer famicary are monopeak from May to June,from September to October and double peak from July to August.Its active time is between 5:00 and 19:30.Nipharda fuscaBre- mer et Grey is the main insect which is co-existence inCamponotus japonicusMayr's soil hole.


The authors of the article are attempting to illustrate the dimension of current issues of doctor's liability for damages. In doing so, due to a limited length of the paper, they are not trying to analyse each individual element of damage liability, but are instead emphasising pressing issues with particular elements. The essential question of doctor's liability is a question of the existence of medical errors. In this context, they are calling attention to recent decisions of domestic and foreign courts. They are analysing the notion of medical error in its narrow meaning, and are explaining the difference in cases where an undesired result of treatment could occur due to complications that developed in the course of treatment, which was otherwise carried out in a proper manner, in accordance with the rules of the profession and with due diligence. The authors are emphasising the fact that reporting by healthcare institutions, private physicians and insurance companies on medical or physician's errors should urgently be enacted in Slovenia.


Phosphonoformate triesters are hydrolysed to mixtures of hydrogen phosphonate and phosphonoformate esters and free acids; the rates and product distribution are dependent on pH and ester leaving group abilities.


Saljooghianpour, M., Omidi, M., Majidi Heravan, E., Davoudi, D., and Ahmadian Tehrani, P. 2009. In-vitro evaluation of salinity tolerance at plantlet growth stage and microtuberization in some potato cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 25-1: 129-145 (in Farsi). To study the In-vitro effects of salinity (NaCl) on the plantlet growth and microtuberization in potato, 12 potato cultivars Ranger-russet, AGB-69-1, MEX-32, Marine-28, Loman, Araucana INTA, Surena INTA, American-INTA, Aracy, FLS-5, Agria and Marphona provided by Seed and Plant Improvement Institute were planted in the greenhouse. Apical and axillary meristems were cultivated on MS medium with 2.5 mg l GA3 and samples were subcultured every four weeks on the same medium for plantlet production. Then plantlets were propagated through single nodal culture. To study the effects of salinity (NaCl) on the growth of single nodal explants and on microtuberization, they were cultured on MS media with different concentrations of NaCl including 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m mol l. Growth of single nodal explants on the saline media indicated that all the characters differed significantly among cultivars, salinity levels and interaction effects. Microtuberization was also affected by salinity level. All the studied characters, except the number of microtubers and the mean of minimum microtuber diameter, were significantly different cultivars, salinity levels and interaction effects. By increasing salinity level, growth of potato plantlets and microtuberization were severely inhibited, and all measured characters were negatively affected, except root dry weight and leaf area which were increased in all cultivars.Under saline conditions, wild-type cultivars (Surena-INTA, American-INTA and Marine-28) performed better than commercial cultivars (Ranger-russet, Agria and Marphona).


n this paper, we bring a new econometric perspective for CO2 emission prices modelling and we provide with an innovative methodological approach to compute option prices in incomplete markets. We apply our methodology to carbon derivative. We calibrate several Generalized Hyperbolic and GARCH models with various innovations, using the CO2 European Union Allowances (EUA) daily prices from 2005 to 2010. The issue of probability changing is handled with a generalization of Duan's [1995] theoretical concept of local risk neutrality. Thus we use some modellings features under the historical measure to derive a valuation model for options implemented through an empirical martingale correction approach with variance rescaling. We compare this approach, with one followed by Gerber and Siu [1994] using a stochastic discount factor exponential affine and with another one recently developed by Chorro, Guegan and Ielpo [2010] considering a pure empirical martingale correction technique. Option prices computed through different techniques for different maturities and moneyness show promising results for Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution.


In atomic emission spectrometry, photodetector arrays are widely used in spectrum analyzers. A spectrum obtained with detectors of this type is a discrete sequence of digital values of photocell output signals. One way to quantify the concentration of an element in a test sample is to measure the intensity of its analytical line by integrating a region of the spectrum over several counts in the vicinity of this line or by approximating a region of the spectrum with a line shape profile. As a rule, due to the high saturation of atomic emission spectra with spectral lines, the region for calculating the spectral line intensity is limited to several counts. In the case of spectral line drift relative to the photocells of photodetector arrays, this limitation leads to an intensity measurement error, which is the greater, the smaller the number of counts used in integration. The objectives of this study are to determine the optimal size of the computational domain and develop an optimal method for calculating the line intensity to reduce the intensity measurement error. To simulate the drift of spectral lines relative to photocells, we have simulated and recorded a set of spectra of a hollow cathode lamp (Cu, Zn) with different positions of spectral lines relative to the photocells of BLPP-2000 and BLPP-4000 photodetector arrays. In each next spectrum of the set, the spectral lines were shifted relative to those in the previous spectrum by 2 and 1 μm for BLPP-2000 and BLPP-4000, respectively. It has been shown that compared to stepwise interpolation, linear interpolation significantly reduces the effect of the drift of spectral lines on the RMSD of the measured intensities for both types of arrays. In addition, this effect can be further decreased by choosing an optimal range of integration. In the linear interpolation for the selected spectral lines, the minimum measurement error due to the spectrum drift relative to the photocells of photodetector arrays for BLPP-2000 is 0.25 and 0.23% for a range of integration of 1.6 and 3.1 counts, respectively, and for BLPP-4000, it is 0.4 and 0.28% for 1.0 and 2.7 counts, respectively.


In the article is done an attempt at the analysis the phenomena of faith as the special ability of man generally, and from this point of view, the analysis of orthodoxy as the method of samovozrastaniya of faith. The way of orthodoxy here implies the methods of strengthening the faith, through the mutual rapprochement: the condescension of god and the ascending of man. This makes it possible to reveal deep anthropological sense in the ability of faith.


Books II and III of Galens De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis (PHP) are devoted to a critique of the Stoic view that the seat of the regent part is in the heart, and a defence of the Hippocratic and Platonic doctrine that it is in the head, or brain. In the course of his argument Galen quotes numerous passages from great Stoics such as Posidonius and Chrysippus. Galen goes out of his way to indicate precisely where, in book I of Chrysippus On the Soul, the long verbatim quotation was to be found. This chapter argues that Chrysippus reference to this disagreement shows that he knew and used a predecessor of the Placita of Aetius reconstructed by Diels. First, it analyzes the structure of the chapter in Aetius. The chapter then presents a study of the material available through Soranus. A short account of the material preserved by Cicero follows.Keywords: Aetius; Chrysippus; Cicero; Placita; Soranus


The physical properties of electronic devices made by 2,6‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA) are influenced by the microtexture of DPA surfaces. This work focused on the experimental investigation of the 3‐D surface microtexture of DPA thin films deposited on OTS (octadecyltrichlorosilane), HMDS (Hexamethyldisilasane), OTMS (octadecyltrimethoxysilane), and Si/SiO2 (300 nm SiO2 thickness) substrates with 5 and 50 nm thicknesses and 5 and 10 μm scan size. The thin film surfaces were recorded using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and their images were stereometrically analyzed to obtain statistical parameters, in accordance with ASME B46.1‐2009 and ISO 25178‐2: 2012. The results showed the effect of different manufacturing parameters on microtexture values where the granular structure is confirmed in all films. In addition, root mean square is increased by increasing the thickness from 5 to 50 nm for all types of substrates.


Medicinal and aromatic plants found spontaneously in the Kiim-Yacuambi community are a natural resource that has great ecological values and significant potential for local economic development.
The knowledge possessed by Shuar (the community Kiim) of the different uses and possibilities with plants is high, so, you know fully the species for everyday use.
By studying 63 species of medicinal and aromatic plants, belonging to 37 families and 49 genera, the family with the highest number is the most representative and Lamiaceae Hyptis sp species were collected. 70 traditional uses predominate use for aromatic waters, diabetes and diarrhea were determined.
The transfer of knowledge is done mostly through generations of parents and grandparents to parents to children.


Background: The Type III Wrisberg-type represents the rarest subtype of discoid meniscus. It exhibits a normal non-discoid "C"-shape with possible posterior horn hypertrophy, but meniscotibial ligaments and capsular restraints are lacking, leading to a clinical scenario of knee pain, popping, and catching due to meniscal hypermobility. Moreover, concomitant tears can be present due to repeated meniscal traumas. Indications: Type III Wrisberg-type lateral discoid meniscus with hypermobility, dislocation, or tear. Technique Description: Through standard arthroscopic portals, the meniscus is reduced in its anatomical position (if displaced). Abnormal mobility and anatomy should be noted. All-inside sutures are used in the posterior horn and body to stabilize the meniscus to the capsule and popliteus tendon. In the case of radial tears, horizontal stitches are used. Results: Patients are expected to return to sport approximately 4 to 5 months after the procedure with relief of pain, popping sensation, and knee locking. Conclusion: Arthroscopic all-inside repair is an effective treatment for unstable and displaced Type III Wrisberg-type lateral discoid meniscus. However, the diagnosis can be challenging, especially without frank meniscal dislocation. Graphical Abstract This is a visual representation of the abstract.


Abstract. Automatic recognition of human activities and behaviors is still a challenging problem for many reasons, including limited accuracy of the data acquired by sensing devices, high variability of human behaviors, and gap between visual appearance and scene semantics. Symbolic approaches can significantly simplify the analysis and turn raw data into chains of meaningful patterns. This allows getting rid of most of the clutter produced by low-level processing operations, embedding significant contextual information into the data, as well as using simple syntactic approaches to perform the matching between incoming sequences and models. We propose a symbolic approach to learn and detect complex activities through the sequences of atomic actions. Compared to previous methods based on context-free grammars, we introduce several important novelties, such as the capability to learn actions based on both positive and negative samples, the possibility of efficiently retraining the system in the presence of misclassified or unrecognized events, and the use of a parsing procedure that allows correct detection of the activities also when they are concatenated and/or nested one with each other. An experimental validation on three datasets with different characteristics demonstrates the robustness of the approach in classifying complex human behaviors.


The paper is devoted to the study of the role of context in the process of semantic derivation. The authors propose to distinguish between the term "semantic derivation" as a dynamic process of the appearance of a new word meaning and the term "polysemy" as the result of this process. Terminological distinction makes it possible to diversify research methods depending on the stage of semantic transformations. In the conditions of entirely completed polysemy, the speech context in which the polysemant is used serves as a means of identifying a specific lexico-semantic variant. At the current stage of semantic derivation, the context creates the necessary conditions for the emergence of a new meaning, and therefore the detection of innovative contexts in speech practice should be used for the purpose of linguistic monitoring of semantic transformations. The specific ways of changing the context in the process of neosemantization depend on the part of speech, which the word belongs to. Semantic derivation of adjective proceeds as a result of its attribution to the new object. The appearance of new meanings in the verbal units implies a change in the taxonomic class within the actant framework. In the case of a noun the context change is not of an obligatory nature and varies depending on the type of semantic transformations.


In experiments where grain is to be infested with a specific number of larvae of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), eggs must be collected and hatched. Female Angoumois grain moths deposit their eggs in cracks and crevices in the grain. This habit may be used to advantage in collecting eggs by offering strips of paper with seams where the moths can place their eggs.


At page 37 of his chapter "On the Minute Structure of the Shells of the Brachiopoda," and forming part of my work "On British Fossil Brachiopoda," Dr. Carpenter says:— "Chonetes.— Of this genus, also, I have examined two species, armata and lata, both of which are perforated,"—but Dr. Carpenter does not explain in what way they are perforated, viz. whether these perforations pass through the entire thickness of the valve, or are restricted to a small portion of its thickness as in Productus.


For the sake of promoting the optimization of hierarchy to be adaptable to the social economy development,according to the data from 1986 to 2008,the adaptability between hierarchy and economic development is quantitatively analyzed from two aspects based on the weighted elasticity of employment,co-integration model and error correction model.Then it comes to the conclusion that hierarchy basically adapts to the demands of economic development.However there are also some imperfections in the hierarchy which include industry coordination,long-term equilibrium and short-term adjustment aspects.Finally some corresponding proposals of optimization are pointed out in the light of the conclusions.


Based on the random phase approximation, we develop a molecular theory of self-coacervation in zwitterionic polymer solutions. We show that the interplay between the volume interactions of the monomeric units and electrostatic correlations of charged groups on a polymer backbone can result in liquid-liquid phase separation (self-coacervation). We analyse the behavior of the coacervate phase polymer concentration depending on the electrostatic interaction strength – the ratio of the Bjerrum length to the bond length of the chain. We establish that in a wide range of polymer concentration values – from a semi-dilute to a rather concentrated solution – the chain connectivity and excluded volume interaction of the monomeric units have an extremely weak effect on the contribution of the electrostatic interactions of the dipolar monomeric units to the total free energy. We show that for rather weak electrostatic interactions, the electrostatic correlations manifest themselves as Keesom interactions of point-like freely rotating dipoles (Keesom regime), while in the region of strong electrostatic interactions the electrostatic free energy is described by the Debye-Hueckel limiting law (Debye regime). We show that for real zwitterionic coacervates the Keesom regime is realized only for sufficiently small polymer concentrations of the coacervate phase, while the Debye regime is approximately realized for rather dense coacervates. Using the mean-field variant of the density functional theory, we calculate the surface tension (surface energy) of the " coacervate-solvent " interface as a function of the bulk polymer concentration. The developed theory can be useful for the applications of zwitterionic coacervates, for instance, to control purification of macromolecular solutions by the uptake of target biomacromolecules


In this study, frozen yoghurt was produced as a synbiotic product. A food product containing both probiotics and prebiotics is named as synbiotic or functional food. Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) as a probiotic bacteria was added to frozen yoghurt in two types; free and encapsulated, and its survivability was evaluated during 60 days storage at -18 ??C . Also Fructo-oligosaccharide as a prebiotic compound was used for producing frozen yoghurt in different levels (0%, 0.4% and 0.8% (w/w)). The viable cell number in free state in samples with (0%, 0.4% and 0.8% (w/w)) Fructo-oligosaccharide was 3.8??109 cfu/ml, 3.5??109 cfu/ml and 3.8??109 cfu/ml and after 60 days of storage these numbers were decrease to 2??107 cfu/ml, 2.2??107 cfu/ml and 2.2??107 cfu/ml respectively. Whereas in encapsulated state, the viable cells in samples with (0%, 0.4% and 0.8% (w/w)) Fructo-oligosaccharide these numbers was 7.5??109 cfu/ml, 8.9??109 cfu/ml and 9.8??109 cfu/ml and after 60 days, these numbers were decreased to 2.13??109 cfu/ml, 2.5??109 cfu/ml and 2.9??109 cfu/ml.The results indicated that encapsulation of L. acidophilus could significantly (p<0.05) improve its survivability in a higher level than the investigated levels by the International Dairy federation (107cfu/ml).


1. The distal and the proximal retinal pigments of Leander serratus can alter their positions in response to light and darkness.2. The reflecting pigment shows a great movement at night which persists as a diurnal rhythm in continued darkness, but during the day it is unaffected by change of illumination.3. The extent of distal pigment migration depends on the shade of the background on which the animal is placed, if the intensity of incident illumination is constant.4. In constant darkness the proximal pigment continues to migrate diurnally for some days, at least. At midnight it shows a greater degree of dark-adaption than it does during the day; the distal pigment cells do not exhibit any detectable persisting diurnal rhythm in continued darkness.5. After removal of the sinus-gland the distal pigment, in most of the operated animals, attained the position of maximal dark-adaption and was unaffected by change of illumination; it therefore appears not to respond directly to illumination. On the other han...


Abstract Plastic film mulching has commonly been used for adaptation to water scarcity and for increasing agricultural productivity on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. However, the effect of plastic film mulching on cropland soil water and thermal regimes on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China is not well understood. This study simultaneously monitored the dynamics of the soil water content and the soil temperature with high resolution in a ridge cultivation system with plastic film mulching (RS) and a flat cultivation system without plastic film mulching (FS) during the maize (Zea mays L.)-growing season. We found that, in general, the soil temperature and soil water content were significantly different among the ridge under RS (RS-ridge), the furrow under RS (RS-furrow) and FS throughout the maize-growing season (P < 0.05). Plastic film mulching increased the near-surface soil temperature by approximately 1°C throughout the study period. RS significantly increased the soil water content during the dry period (May to June), especially within the middle soil layer (30–60 cm), compared to FS. The lowest monthly average soil water content was found at a depth of 30–60 cm layer in FS during the dry period (May and June). The water depletion was found within deeper (100–160 cm) soil layers in May but the water storage in the same layer of FS in June increased although it was the dry period, which differed from RS. The RS practices showed a longer period of water supply from the deeper soil layer (100–160 cm) in May and June for meeting maize water demands during the early growing stage rather than in only May for FS. During June (dry period), the water storage at a depth of 0–60 cm was greater in RS than in FS, and the reverse was true at a depth of 60–160 cm. The results indicate that the dry soil layer at a depth of 30–60 cm formed during June in FS likely reduced water movement from deeper layers to the topsoil layer, and hence constrained the availability of surface soil water for meeting maize water requirements during the early growing stage (dry period). Our study suggests that RS tends to significantly increase surface soil water availability by restraining the formation of a dry soil layer during the early maize-growth stage primarily under dry conditions, and thus enhances maize productivity in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China.


study to the secular clerical elite, and not only that, but to priests, leaving aside the many different kinds of clerics in various ranks of orders who made up the clerical population. Thomas's clergy are those few men who wrote and were written about by contemporaries. And so we learn a great deal about high-ranking secular priests, often well born and well beneficed, cathedral canons, prebendaries, university masters, and members of episcopal administrative households. While the focus is there and the prosopographical study is successful, Thomas is tempted to base conclusions for the much larger clerical proletariat on a thorough description of the relatively few. As a result, some crucial things are missed like the remarkable (and to reformers, frustrating) variety of secular clergy of the long twelfth century and for the rest of the medieval period. Secular priests like Peter of Blois, Gervase of Canterbury, and Gerald of Wales, who land often on the pages of this book, had far more in common with each other and their more worldly social peers, knights, landowners and minor nobles, than they did with the vast majority of secular clergy who exerted a steady influence, for good or ill, on the parishioners of medieval England. In truth, the secular clergy existed more as a group in canon law than they did in shared background, patronage, aptitude, training, income, and pastoral zeal. Furthermore, with the focus nearly completely on priests, we miss the fact that these men had to start somewhere, even canonically. Preparation for priesthood and readiness for pastoral care were chronic challenges in the long twelfth century and beyond. The educational opportunities of the clerical elites in this study were not typical. Neither was the inevitable pastoral bungler in the hinterlands who has become a medieval priestly stereotype. Reformers were aware of the fact that some priest-candidates were more interested in income than Latinity, but they also knew, especially in the twelfth century, that there were precious few opportunities for anything approaching uniformity in priestly training. But the reach toward this was present in the reform incentives of the age. The third (1179) and fourth Lateran councils, not considered in this study as they should be, set up and reinforced the need for grammar and theology masters in every cathedral and other large churches. That the creation of these schools and the masters to go with them had any real or widespread effect on priestly training is a question that Thomas rightly raises. But the theological intention and the educational absence reflected in it need to be better explored. Both councils clarified the pastoral identity and duties of the bishop and, by extension, the secular clergy at work in parish churches. The Fourth Lateran Council further underscored the relationship between penitents and their parish priest as primary in the annual duty of confession. With the focus of this study so clearly on the secular priestly elite, much is accomplished, but, in the spirit of Thomas's conclusion, more on this subject still needs to be done.


In the work they intend activities related with the poems that integrate the collection Bestiarium of Dulce Maria Loynaz, as contribution to the education for the conservation and sustainable use of the biodiversity in the formation of


Firefighting is an important but dangerous occupation. A firefighter must be able to
get to a fire location quickly and safely to extinguish the fire, preventing further damage and
thus reduce fatalities. Technology has finally bridged the gap between firefighting and
machines allowing for a more efficient and effective method for firefighting types. Robot can
be designed to locate and remove the fire, especially in places that are difficult for human to
reach. Robot also designed to work together with firefighters so as to further reduce number
of casualties. This project is using an autonomous robot which is able to act on its own
depending on the program that was programmed into the PIC microcontroller. This firefighter
robot system is equipped with ultrasonic and analog distance sensor to sense the obstacle
around it beside Passive Infra Red (PIR) sensor to sense the fire heat. The information
fetched from the sensor will be analyzed by a microcontroller (PIC16F877A) in order to
deduce a logical operation on it.


Phenotypic plasticity has important ecological and evolutionary consequences. In particular, behavioural phenotypic plasticity such as plastic foraging (PF) by consumers, may enhance community stability. Yet little is known about the ecological conditions that favor the evolution of PF


A unique substance abuse program known as TROSA, Triangle Residential Options for Substance Abusers, based in Durham, N.C., is in need of OTC medications and supplies for its residents, men and women aged 18 and older, who have entered its 2-year residential program.


Purpose – The Purpose of this study is to observe the value of LOHAS as an exhibition that is perceived to be a
specialized local...


When it comes to demystifying slave law in Louisiana, Vernon Palmer is practically peerless. It's probably because he is equally comfortable in the weeds of lived experience as he is poring over the pages of classical learning. These masterful essays on the Code Noir's origins, plus Louisiana's 150-year interplay between custom and legal practice, belong on the shelf of anyone with the faintest curiosity about human bondage and the laws fashioned to make it work. Lawrence Powell Professor Emeritus, Department of History, Tulane University


Currently, India has the second-largest senior population in the world, and it is expected that this population will continue to grow by the year 2050. However, India lacks the necessary knowledge and resources to maintain the health and wellbeing of the elderly population, so it is necessary to study the issues that senior citizens face on a daily basis. The present study aims to find out the adjustment problems of senior citizens. Sample consisted of 80 aged subjects. Out of them 40 male and 40 female participants. Age ranges of the aged sample from 60-65 years. Shamshad –Jasbir Old age Adjustment Inventory was administered to collect the data. Result revealed that there is significant difference in overall adjustment of aged male and female respondents. Male have better adjustment than females. Also, there is significant difference in health, home, social, marital, emotional, and financial adjustment of the respondents.


This case researched one complex copper ore in somewhere of Yunnan.Research a best technological flow to counterpoise economic and the recovery grade of copper ore.The result of this research is: for grade of original copper ore is 2.74%,the concentrate grade of copper ore is 20.33%;concentrate recovery grade of copper ore is 95.23%;tailing grade of copper ore is 0.15%.Concentrating tailing is uptight.


Impact of the trailing edge flap parameters on the characteristics of dynamic stall is investigated for the smart rotor.The model is established for the dynamic stall of the rotor blade with the trailing edge flap.The overhang and the gap between the trailing edge flap and the blade are considered.Through the method of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),the effects of the gap size and the location of flap hinge have been studied,and the effect of flap deflection,flap duration,and flap start time has also been calculated.The result shows that the flap control can effectively improve the flow condition under dynamic stall conditions and delay dynamic stall.The optimization design of the flap actuation is that the amplitude of flap deflection is designated to 25°,whereas the flap duration azimuth angle is chosen from 240° to 360°.There are overhang and gap between the trailing edge flap and rotor blade.It is indicated that the overhang reduces the control effect of trailing edge flap.The gap also affects the control effect,but its length(≤2%) has little effect on the result.


Detailed design and test data was provided to meet the GJBZ188Ainterfaces conducting performance testing requirements and to verify the feasibility of automated testing to the milliohms on-resistance level.Conduction resistance tester highly precisely tests the signal of voltage and resistance by data acquisition,eliminates bypass resistance error and channel error of data acquisition,and has solved the problem of testing conduction resistance fast and accurately.Conduction resistance tester can meet abominable environments such as vibration,high temperature and low temperature etc.,while it operates steadily and tests accurately,has already got application in test equipment for certain launcher.This method of test is simple and direct,practical,and passes multiple tests which have verified its dependability and testability,can expand to conduction resistance test of other cables.