Geometry is one of the branches of mathematics that we use in many areas of our daily life, perhaps without noticing. For this reason, individuals are geometric thinkers not only in geometry classes; but also in different areas of life. In that case, it is necessary for the individual to acquire geometric habits of mind. The purpose of this study was to introduce the effectiveness of a teaching environment designed for improving the geometric habits of mind of high school students. This research method was designed as a quasi-experimental design. The working group of the study was consisted of 62 students, 31 of which were experimental and 31 of which were control groups. While the experimental group was provided with a teaching environment for improving the geometric habits of mind, multiple choice questions were solved with the control group students. The research data were gathered by pre-test, post-test and permanence test problems developed by the researcher. In the result of the study, it was showed that the designed teaching environment is effective in improving the geometric habits of mind and the permanence of habits. That is, it was determined that there is a significant difference in improving of geometric habits of mind and the persistence of these habits in favor of the experimental group. Article visualizations:


Medical article comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive layer (e.g., wound dressing), as well as method of making a medical article using the immiscible material to increase the water vapor transmission rate, is provided.


The research of functions by algebraic methods shows a very significant part in modern mathematics. The characterization of topological spaces by semigroups of quasi open, continuous, open, and closed mappings was taken by many researchers in recent days. In the present paper quasi s (cid:2) g -open, quasi s (cid:2) g -closed functions, some of its characterizations and the property of s (cid:2) g -normal spaces are studied.


This study attempted to find a correlation between the trauma of family
 members of war and exile, and the characteristics of family functioning and
 lasted from 1992-1995. The term "family resilience" refers to the processes
 of adaptation and coping in the family as a functional unit. This paper
 presents a study of refugee families from Bosnia, who lived in refugee camps
 in Macedonia during the war of 1992- 1995. Data were obtained by interviews,
 observations, and a number of psychological instruments especially for
 children and parents, which measured the effects of psychological stress and
 family relationships. Based on the results obtained by quantitative and
 qualitative analysis, and application of theoretical models of systemic
 theory and family therapy, existence for four types of refugee families has
 been found and described, depending on the structure and the level of
 functionality.


As an alternative to open pile burning, use of forest wastes from fuel hazard reduction projects at Blodgett Forest Research Station for electricity production was shown to produce energy and emission benefits: energy (diesel fuel) expended for processing and transport was 2.5% of the biomass fuel (energy equivalent); based on measurements from a large pile burn, air emissions reductions were 98%-99% for PM2.5, CO (carbon monoxide), NMOC (nonmethane organic compounds), CH4 (methane) and BC (black carbon), and 20% for NOx and CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases. Due to transport challenges and delays, delivered cost was $70 per bone dry ton (BDT) — comprised of collection and processing ($34/BDT) and transport ($36/BDT) for 79 miles one way— which exceeded the biomass plant gate price of $45/BDT. Under typical conditions, the break-even haul distance would be approximately 30 miles one way, with a collection and processing cost of $30/BDT and a transport cost of $16/BDT. Revenue generated from monetization of the reductions in air emissions has the potential to make forest fuel reduction projects more economically viable.


The brushless DC motor is widely used in various industrial fields because of low maintenance, high power density and high efficiency. The permanent magnets in the rotor generate a constant magnetic flux which is limited by the motor speed range. Mathematical modelling of brushless DC motor is necessary for realizing the dynamic behaviour. This paper presents a phase advanced angle for brushless DC motor to extend speed range of brushless DC motor beyond the rate top speed. The experimental designed system is simulated. The simulated results show that a phase advanced angle in the designed system can extend speed range. Finally, it can improve the ability of the proposed system, efficiently.


Much of the prior research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has focused on its determinants. This paper attempts to extend a point of view by which the EO allows to grasp the internal and external organizational conditions in order to update its business opportunities and innovate (Aloulou and Fayolle, 2005). The study examines the link between entrepreneurial orientation and innovation intensity through intellectual capital in a turbulent context. Research features were drawn in the light of the literature review and access to the ground. After stimulating the debate on the EO phenomenon and ensuring a critical revisit of its approach, the empirical basis was formed by 155 questionnaire surveys among industrial companies active in Tunisia. The mediating role of intellectual capital and the moderating role of environmental turbulence are highlighted while detecting the context specificities. Analysis reveals important contributions in the management research field.


A method for butt connection between reinforcing bars includes upsetting the reinforcing bar ends to be butt-connected to make it has a taper, screwing the upset conic ends and connecting both together by a threaded sleeve barrel. Its advantages is the same strength of joint and reinforcing bar itself.


By adding low-magnitude M sequence to the control system, online correlated identification method is used to determine system impulse response. Then, Optimal Algorithm is used to tune PID parameters online. Experiment which uses this method shows good control result.


Summary: 1-2-3 Forecast! provides a highly user-friendly template for the popular Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet which can be used by economists and other social scientists interested in projection (or post- diction) models. Excellent graphics and an extensive tutorial top off the package, which should make an outstanding teaching as well as research tool.


Coarsening process, concerning the bubble growth rules, was studied in the 2D ferro-foam system under both normal gravity and magnetic gravity compensation conditions. Here, the 2D ferro-foam was produced by continuously blowing bubbles into the ferro-fluid filled in a closed Hele-Shaw cell. Afterwards, we placed the prepared ferro-foam in center of the Helmholtz-Maxwell coils, which can generate a uniform magnetic gradient field acting on the ferro-fluid, so as to compensate the gravity. The evolutionary dynamics of coarsening was recorded in four hours by a digital camera using the time-lapse function, and the coarsening data was extracted from the Image-Pro Plus program. The results show that on both conditions, the law of coarsening confirms with the Von Neumann's, while the magnetic gravity compensation was applied, the dynamics process was suppressed according to the external magnetic field.


We present an investigation on the electrical and optical properties of tapered quantum cascade lasers emitting at 14-15 μm, based on the InAs/AlSb system. In tapered lasers the active zone volume is increased to obtain higher optical power outputs without degrading the beam quality. Devices with three different taper angles of 1°, 2° and 3° were examined in terms of electrical, optical, and spectral properties and were compared with conventional ridge waveguide lasers.


The potential user interest in PRT's and the conditions for their use were studied. As users are unable to express certain opinions about technology they don't know, assessment studies must be close to real life. One way to getting close to reality is through studies in Virtual Reality (VR). Passenger encounters with PRT was studied by in-depth interviews directly after a VR-simulated trip in a real vehicle. The aims of using VR-technology seems to have been achieved. Many of the subjects had the impression of a real trip, some of them also of having travelled high above ground. All subjects were in favour of PRT and thought they would utilize it. They had confidence in the automatic control devices, although they wanted more information and better design of the safety system. The greatest conflict was the encroachment on the cityscape. Many of the subjects did not accept the impact of the guideways on the old city environment. However these views contrast with the desired accessibility.


This document presents the relationship University - East since the approach of the Triple Helix stressing the dynamic interdependence between the social actors
involved in this relationship.


Max Tomba aims to reconstruct how historical actors reconstructed the past to open the future in ways that diverged from the trajectory of the dominant modernity. Insurgent Universality would break open the dead logic of the juridical, political, and economic trajectory of modernity that limits what is given and constrains what is possible. This essay reflects on the practice and the role of the historian. Beyond merely adopting insurgents' perspectives, the historian must engage in a practice of critical and reflective judgment. The essay draws on Michel-Rolph Trouillot on the silencing of the past, Reinhard Koselleck on the priority of the future, and Marisa Fuentes on the limits of the archives for voicing marginalized points of view. It concludes by calling for judgment and imagination where the archives run dry.


The article examines the efficacy of the author's method of endothelial corneal dystrophy treatment, inclu ding descemetorhexis and accelerated collagen crosslinking. In primary endothelial dystrophy, corneal state improvement and restoration of its transparency were observed in 66.6% of cases (due to migration of endothelial cells from the periphery to the сentral zone). In secondary endothelial dystrophy, the treatment method described in the present article is ineffective, and the reasons for failures are not quite clear and require further investigation.


Purpose: To report a clinical case of unusually long maxillary first premolar submitted to nonsurgical endodontic treatment. Case presentation: A 32 year old male patient that presented on account of severe toothache in upper right quadrant of 3 weeks duration. His medical history was not contributory. Clinical examination revealed no soft tissue abnormality in relation to the tooth, however there was distooclusal carious lesion which affected less than one third of the crown of the maxillary right first premolar. There was severe tenderness to digital percussion. Periapical radiograph showed unusually long tooth 14 with coronal radiolucency communicating with the pulp, there was minimal periapical radiolucency and widening of periodontal ligament space. Diagnosis of apical periodontitis secondary to class II dental caries was made and patient planned for root canal treatment with subsequent Porcelain Fused to metal crown. Anaesthesia was achieved by infiltration technique using (2% lidocaine 1:100,000 adrenalin) and access cavity made on tooth 14 after appropriate isolation. Palatal and buccal canals were located and working length determined by tactile method confirmed radiographically to be 29 mm and 28 mm respectively which required using the longest files 31 mm available for the biomechanical preparation. Tooth was obturated with Gutta percha using the cold lateral compaction technique. Conclusion: This case described a maxillary first premolar with unusual working length of 29 mm during a routine non-surgical endodontic procedure as compared to the mean value of 21.5 mm reported in the literatures.


This study uses time-series regressions to investigate the political and other determinants of shifts in the prison population. Partisanship is measured with Republican control over the presidency. To gauge presidential effects on public opinion, we include counts of the consecutive years Republicans held the presidency, while latent political conflict is assessed with economic inequality. The necessity to compete for votes with punitive measures is assessed with a presidential election dummy. With crime rates and additional effects held constant, the presence of a law-and-order Republican president and the election variable lead to subsequent expansions in the incarcerated population. The length of time Republicans held the presidency and economic inequality also explain this outcome. The results suggest that political determinants explain shifts in the percentage of the population that is incarcerated.


With the rapid development of computer and mobile networks, the high frequency of network usage has caused a burst growth in the traffic of routers. At the same time, due to the rise of smart home, the network traffic formed by the aggregation of sensor data is also increasing. Traffic outbreaks form mixed network types, and network viral, worms, network theft, and malicious attacks are also involved. How to distinguish traffic type, block malicious traffic and effectively use the sensor data of smart home attracts more and more attention.


The concept of computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM) was first mentioned decades years ago in the field of dentistry.Using this technology to make dental restorations has been wide recently and developed rapidly in prosthodontics and oral implantology.Until now there are several commercial CAD/CAM systems on market.With the use of CAD/CAM technology in dentistry,it has broken the traditional pattern of making dentures manually.Meanwhile,it brings opportunity for materials science.The machinable/milled materials in dentistry should not only have excellent biocompatibility,but also machining and physical properties.Among the materials,ceramics has excellent characteristics on its biocompatibility,aesthetics,physical properties closed to natural teeth.Nowadays,in clinic,machinable ceramics are used from fledspar which has low flexural strength to high flexural strength zirconia,which have gradually realized making restoration automatically from inlay,anterior single crown to posterior fixed bridge.In this article it provides the overview of the machinable ceramic materials now used in domestic clinic for CAD/CAM in dentistry.


The most natural see-saw explanation of the smallness of neutrino masses is based on the assumption that the total lepton number is violated at large scale and neutrinos with definite masses are Majorana particles. In this review we consider in detail the difference between Dirac and Majorana neutrino mixing and the possibilities of revealing the Majorana nature of neutrinos with definite masses.


Die Bildung zum Geisteswissenschaft was the orientation of Humboldt's university teaching value.In his opinion,teaching combining research was the necessary tendency of the time of science education.However,the objective of university education is to cultivate the whole man alike the Greek.So,his idea was the radical and conservative reconcile objects,which will not be fully implemented in the teaching practice.


A dye-switched TEM:00 ruby laser has been employed for two types of diagnostic studies of short, unstable, high-pressure dc arcs in noble gases. Holographic interferometry mea-sures gas density distributions, and a simple fringe-projection technique gives time-resolved contours of the agitated molten anode surface. A recently-developed mathematical technique permits avoidance of speckle problems in the holography by use of collimated scene beams, while greatly reducing the labor involved in gathering experimentally and analyzing numerically the data needed to determine asymmetric density distributions. Because fringe projection revealed intriguing unexpected details of arc-anode interface behavior, ideas are presented for further elaboration of the technique.


ABSTRACTGRID GENERATION AND FLOWCOMPUTATION ABOUT A MARTIANENTRY VEHICLE A number of vehicles are currently being proposed for a manned missionto Mars. One of these vehicles has a modified blunt-nosed cone configuration. Ex-perimental results have been obtained for this vehicle in 1968. These results showlift-over-drag ratios comparable to those needed for Mars entry. Computations areperformed here to verify the earlier results and to further describe the flight charac-teristics of this vehicle.An analytical method is used to define the surface of this vehicle. A single-block volume grid is generated around the vehicle using an algebraic Two-BoundaryGrid Generation algorithm (TBGG) and transfinite interpolation. Euler solutionsaxe then obtained from a Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm(LAURA) at Mach 6.0 and angles of attack of 0, 6, and 12 degrees.The lift coefficient determined from the LAURA code agrees very well withthe experimental results obtained in the 1968 study of this vehicle. The drag andpitching moment coefficients, however, are underestimated by the code since viscouseffects are not considered. Contour plots of the flowfield show no evidence of separa-tion for angles of attack up to 12 degrees.


The linear discriminant function is transformed into a linear combination of independent random variables. It is shown that reducing dimensionality using the smallest distance criterion results in smaller increase in the error rate than using the smallest variance criterion. Three error rates are used to prove this.


Abstract : The attitudes of older (>30 Years) tertiary educated officers from each of four Ran branches were compared. The attitudes of Executive, Engineering, Instructor and Supply officers were found to be homogeneous. The present results tended partially to support the I/O hypothesis but alternative explanations are put forward to account for the phenomenon of the apparently low incidence of occupational attitudes amongst older RAN officers. Keywords: Officer personnel; Navy; Australia; Attitudes (psychology); Surveys; Careers.


The authors show the remote reviewing of 41 patients suffering from tenuis elbow, surgically treated from 1975 up to 1983. The results at the checking appear excellent in 67,4%, good in 20,9%, sufficient in 9,4% and, at last, poor in 2,3%.


In the presence of water or carbon dioxide in the supercritical state, organic materials can be oxidized by oxygen practically completely within seconds. The report contains descriptions of test rigs and experimental findings. Additional R&D work is necessary for technical-scale application in cleaning organically polluted liquid effluents.


Activity of two photosensitizer compounds were studied on different stages of Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory conditions. Copper chlorophylline and magnesium chlorophylline as a photosensitizer compounds with different concentrations were tested on S. littoralis immature stages, egg, larvae and pupae. Data showed that copper chlorophylline has a slight effect while magnesium chlorophylline has no effect on egg stage of S. littoralis. The copper chlorophylline was more toxic on 2 and 4 instar larvae than magnesium chlorophylline under both dark and photo conditions. Therefore, both compounds were more toxic under sunlight than dark conditions when pupae were immersed at different concentrations of the both photosensitizers' compounds. These results reflected that photosensitizers could be a potentially effective for S. littoralis control in Egypt.


The article is concerned with the control problem synthesis for non- linear systems using linear techniques. The proposed approach consists on an approximation of a non-linear system by a set of uncertain linear systems. Con- trol laws of these models are designed using classical methods. The first step in this approach is given by approximation of the non-linear system into a set of uncertain linear systems. The second step is the use of robust control methods based on LMIs that assure local stability in a non-infinitesimal state space do- main. This last point permits to determinate the global control law. The global control law is based on gain scheduling form the measured state of the system. This approach is illustrated by a numerical example.


Andrew Pike of 'Ronin' films, distributor of hailed Aussie classic 'Shine', chronicles the film's successful journey to the screen, championing the importance of distributors going beyond commerce and building goodwill between publicists, media, exhibitors and audience.


Our article challenges a common discourse that terrorist groups are relatively disinterested in territory by exploring emerging theories about territory and territoriality. We use these theories to...


This invention relates to the coloring of the surface of aluminum workpieces by anodization process wherein the anolyte consists principally of maleic acid with a small proportion of sulfuric acid for conductivity, and the catholyte consists of an organic acid of good conductivity or a mixture of organic acid to which a small quantity of sulfuric acid is added to conductivity. The anolyte and the catholyte are separated by a porous, ion-permeable diaphragm.


In this interview, McLaren reflects on different approaches to the field of critical pedagogy and lingers over interpretations derived from the work of Freire, underlining the need to reflect on practice itself in order to find ways which allow oppressed people to become protagonists in history. Likewise, this author states that part of his work is focused on supporting anti-capitalist movements in North America and formulating an alternative to global capitalism, reflecting on the role which critical pedagogy could play in this. He underlines the essential role of teachers in the development of anti-capitalist pedagogies within the heart of today's changing societies, affected by international events such as the election of Obama or the financial crisis, in which schools can become spaces for the production of critical knowledge and for socio-political action.


Consumers are exposed to the latest technologies through advancements in mobile devices, home electronics, and computing. It is now the expectation to have the same user experience in the automobile. Many of today's infotainment systems are based on an infotainment processor with an established ecosystem platform. While the system engineer often can reuse a core system, some challenges to interface next generation technologies to legacy subsystems are still present. A lack of general purpose inputs/outputs (GPIOs) for controlling peripheral devices or board-routing problems emerge as the system increases in complexity. This article highlights the convergence of infotainment and cluster systems to form an integrated cockpit. I2C GPIO expanders provide a great avenue to reusing the existing design, while integrating new feature sets that meet consumer demands.


Acknowledgements Tables, figures and music examples 1 The Viennese minor-key symphony 2 Imperial court composers: Wagenseil, Gassmann, Ordonez 3 Va?hal to 1771: five first movements 4. Two subgeneric conventions: the contrapuntal minuet, the stormy finale 5. Studies in Haydn's minor-key symphonies 1763-1772 6. Va?hal's new paths: four later symphonies 7. Modal reversal and characteristic symphonies 8. Mozart and the minor-key symphony Glossary of analytical terms Appendix 1 Thematic catalogues consulted for the information in Table 1.1 Appendix 2 Sources of the symphonies used for analysis CD recordings Bibliography Index


ABSTRACT In Nigeria, the relationship between mindfulness and postpartum depression and anxiety has gone largely unexamined. A cross-sectional study of 309 randomly selected nursing mothers was conducted at two tertiary health institutions using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The study sought to determine if mindful awareness acted as a predictor of postpartum depression and anxiety in Igbo nursing mothers and the proportion of the dependent variables (postpartum depression and anxiety) explained by the addition of new independent variables (age, educational attainment and mindful awareness). Mindful awareness accounted for most of the variance at 16.5%. And 19.1% for postpartum depression and postpartum, respectively. Lower levels of mindful awareness predicted higher levels of postpartum depression and anxiety. The study may contribute to the existing body of knowledge needed in establishing preventive strategies, early detection, and treatment for women at risk.


High consumer purchasing intentions are one of the factors that support the success of a business. In this digitalization era, the delivery of information through social media is one way to support the success of a business. The requirements that must be met in the delivery of such information are the quality of information, the credibility of information, the need for information, the attitude to information. Good, credible, needed information and good audience attitude support on information will provide usefulness and be adopted by the audience as a reference for their purchase decision making.This research was conducted with the aim of knowing: 1) The influence of information quality, credibility of information, need for information, and attitude on information to the usefulness of information.2) The effect of the usefulness of information on the adoption of information, and. 3) Influence of attitude on information and adoption of information on purchase intention. The study was conducted on 150 respondents. Data collection method using questionnaire and data measurement mentode using Likert scale. The method of data analysis used is regression analysis. The results provide tangible evidence that: 1) The quality of information, the credibility of information, the need for information, and attitudes to information have a significant and positive influence on the usefulness of information. 2) The usefulness of information has a significant and positive influence on the adoption of information, and. 3) Attitudes on information and the adoption of information have a significant and positive influence on the intention of purchase.
 Keywords: Information Quality, Information Credibility, Need for Information, Attitude to Information, Usefulness of Information, Adoption of Information,  Purchase Intention.


SOMC G U A N I U I N O compounds induced convulsions in rabbits when administered intracisternally; among them are taurocyamine. glycocyamine. N-acetylarginine. y-guanidinobutyric acid. guanidine and methylguanidine (JINNAI C'I d . 1966. 1969; MATSLMOTO t'f ul., 1976; Mizcho ei u l , 1975). The mechanism by which these compounds induce conv~lsioii has not yet been clarified. I t may he possible that guanidino compounds cause convulsion in the same manner as ouabain. a specific inhibitor of Na'-K' activated ATPase activity. causing convulsion in rats through the disruption of the membrane potential (BIGNAMI & PALLANDI. 1966; CORNOG et ul.. 1967). It was the purpose of this study to examine whether convulsions induced by guanidino compounds are associated with an inhibition of rabbit brain microsomal ATPase activity. An adult white rabbit (body weight 2.0 kg) was killed with a strong blow to the head without use of anesthesia and the whole hrain except for the cerebellum taken out. Thc brain tissues were homogenized with 9 vol. of 0.25 M-sucrose. I mM-EDTA (pH 7.0) using a Teflon-glass homogenizer. The whole procedure was carried out at 0 -4'C. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1O.oOOy for 70 min to precipitate unbroken cells, nuclei and mitochondrial fractions. The supernatant was centrifuged at 105.000y for 60 min to obtain a microsomal fraction. The precipitate was washed twice with 0.2.5 M-sucrose-l mhiEDTA and repeating the centrifugation at 105.000g for 60 min. The final sediment was suspended in the same sucrose-EDTA medium to give a protein concentration of 4 5 rng/ml and kept at -2O'C until further. Protein concentration was assayed by the method of LOWRY et ol. (1951). ATPase assay was carried out as follows: the complete reaction mixture contained 50 mM-imidazole buffer (pH 7.0). 5 mM-MgCl,, 100 mM-NaCI. 20 mM-KCI and 5&100 pg enzyme protein in a total volume of 1.0 ml. Ouabain concentration was, where used 0.2 mM. The mixture was preincubated at 37'C for 5 min. The reaction was started with the addition of 0.1 ml of a 40mM-ATP solution. After 10 min at 37°C the reaction was terminated by the addition of 1.0 ml of cold 16% perchloric acid. The precipitated protein was removed by centrifugation. The liberated inorganic phosphate content was determined by the method of MARTIN & D ~ T Y (1949). Enzyme activity was expressed as pmol P, released in I h per mg protein. All assays were carried out in triplicate. The average specific activity of total ATPase (14 experiments) in the preparation was found to be 47 + 5pmol/mg protein/h and 17 + 3 for Mg2+ ATPase. 30 7 for Na'-K+ ATPase respectively. ERects of guanidino compounds o n ATPase were examined by adding each compound to the reaction mixture


This thesis applies Gramscian frameworks for explaining tacit consent in capitalist societies to the Cuban situation for the first time. In the process, the thesis explores the applicability of Gramsci's ideas to a wide variety of situations, and to statesocialist societies in particular. The thesis focuses on whether the concept of hegemony can be applied to the Cuban economy. By comparing the output of the dominant group, as represented by the speeches of Fidel Castro, with the media's portrayal of values and ideas, three conclusions were reached. The first is that a Gramscian framework can be applied with success to 'socialist' systems. The second is that the Cuban system is consistent with Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The third is that although the system complies with Gramsci's theory, it exhibits some differences that have not been previously explored. The hegemonic apparatus appears to be more complete in Cuba owing a variety of factors, including charismatic leadership; strict state control over the means of communication, the education system, and intellectual life; and the strategic use of a continual external threat, in this case the U.S. These conclusions lead to important implications for socialism, hegemony, and society in general. This thesis is dedicated to my mother and father who instilled the value of critical thinking in me at an early age, and without whose support, this thesis would not have been written. It is also dedicated to my partner in life Sherry Van Blyderveen, whose steadfast support in times of need allowed me to complete this work in a timely fashion. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to dedicate this thesis to the Cuban people, their resilience, generosity, and love for life, were what drew me to this topic and what allowed me to complete this study. I am sure that one day they will triumph over


Although 7‐hydroxymethotrexate is a major metabolite of methotrexate during high‐dose therapy, negligible methotrexate‐oxidizing activity has been found in‐vitro in the liver in man. The goals of this study were to determine the role of aldehyde oxidase in the metabolism of methotrexate to 7‐hydroxymethotrexate in the liver and to study the effects of inhibitors and other substrates on the metabolism of methotrexate. Methotrexate, (±)‐methotrexate and (‐)‐methotrexate were incubated with partially purified aldehyde oxidase from the liver of rabbit, guinea‐pig and man and the products analysed by HPLC. Rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase was used for purposes of comparison.


Physics has become the foundation of vocational competence of vocational high school or Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) in technology and engineering expertise. This research aimed to get information about the relevance of physics with the automotive learning in SMK of light vehicle techniques or Teknik Kendaraan Ringan (TKR) competence. This study was a qualitative research with the subjects students grade X of TKR class at three different SMKs in Pekalongan. The data were collected by conducting library research, tests, and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively descriptive. The results of library research analysis on the physics basic competence of SMK in curriculum 2013 with the TKR basic competence indicated a relevance among them. Physics materials that were compatible with the TKR basic competence included measurement, Newton's law, work and energy, torque, elastisits properties, static and dynamic fluids, heat and temperature, thermodynamics, dynamic electricity, laws of magnetism, and alternating current circuits, while the incompatible physics material consisted of straight and circular motion, momentum, impulse, vibrations, and waves. Students physics test in three different SMK resulted has not yet reached a classical thoroughness. At last, the interviews with the automotive teachers indicated the relevance of students 'physics values with students' abilities in the automotive vocational practice. Keyword: relevance, physics learning, automotive egineering


The paper considers the changes which have occurred in Electrical Engineering Education over the last twenty-five years, with reference to specific articles published during the lifetime of IJEEE. 25 years ago courses in electrical engineering included substantial coverage of mechanical engineering topics and detailed treatment of electrical machines. Today the emphasis has shifted very considerably towards digital electronics, computer architecture, programming and computer aided design (CAD). Greater attention is paid to project work and the role of the engineer in society.


The optical and electrical properties of PVK:Alq3 composite films were studied.The optical properties indicated that the energy transfer occurred between PVK and Alq3,which maked the luminescence from Alq3 dominate the photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra.The current-voltage characteristics of the PVK:Alq3 device in the light indicated that the systems displayed a clear photovoltaic effect.


This paper examines similarities between the worlds of managers and critical management researchers. It attempts to illustrate the practices of division in which both sets of actors are engaged. Through a comparison of the contexts of managerial and critical managerial action, coupled with the use of Burke's (1969) notion of the scapegoat, the paper suggests that battles between academic disciplines and across the academy/practice divide may be more productively recognized as essential resources for identity work and self care. The paper concludes with a brief consideration of the value of the approach suggested.


Objective To observe the effect of layering dressing change method in treating stage II pressure ulcers to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of bedsore. Methods From June 2009 to February 2012 40 cases of lower limb fracture with stage Ⅱ pressure sore patients were randomly divided into experimental group(layered wound dressing change) and routine group(conventional surgical dressing change method),20 cases in each group.Compare the two groups of patients with pain in dressing change,wound healing time and degree of satisfaction. Results As to pain in dressing changing,wound healing time and patients′ satisfactory degree,the experiment group is superior to the conventional group,the difference was statistically significant(p0.05). Conclusion Layering dressing change in stageⅡ pressure sore patients achieve the clinical curative effect better than the conventional surgical dressings,worthy of clinical application.


New nondestructive techniques are being sought to detect and characterize defects in aging aircraft structures. One problem of particular concern is the inspection of bonded and riveted lap joints between aluminum alloy sheets comprising the aircraft's external skin. Over time, mechanical stresses, thermal stresses, and corrosion lead to disbonds in these regions which degrade the integrity of the joints. A rapid and economical nondestructive evaluation technique is desired to detect and quantify the severity of these disbonds, including the so called "kissing" disbonds where there is no material missing in the adhesive layer and all layers are in physical contact.


When it comes to the filing of separate notices of appeal, Tennessee's Rules of Appellate Procedure contain an internal inconsistency. This inconsistency, which has yielded two conflicting and incompatible lines of judicial interpretation, undermines the coherence of Tennessee appellate procedure and poses unfairly contradictory outcomes for similarly situated appellants. To resolve this inconsistency, Tennessee's Rules of Appellate Procedure should be reformed.


A model for patient‐specific cardiac mechanics simulation is introduced, incorporating a 3‐dimensional finite element model of the ventricular part of the heart, which is coupled to a reduced‐order 0‐dimensional closed‐loop vascular system, heart valve, and atrial chamber model.


Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The chance of cure is very limited due to treatment-refractory disease course with frequent recurrences despite aggressive multimodality management. In this retrospective study, we evaluated treatment outcomes of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) in the management of recurrent GBM and report our single-center experience. Methods Twenty-eight patients receiving HFSRT for recurrent GBM between September 2008 and February 2014 were retrospectively assessed. Total radiotherapy dose was 25 Gy delivered in 5 fractions over 5 consecutive days for all patients. High-precision, image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy was delivered with a linear accelerator using 6-MV photons using the frameless technique. Analyzed prognostic factors were age, gender, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), tumor location, planning target volume (PTV) size, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), time interval between completion of treatment with Stupp protocol at primary diagnosis and recurrence. Results Median follow-up time was 42 months (range 2–68). Median time interval between primary chemoradiotherapy and HFSRT was 11.2 months (range 4–57.9). Median OS and PFS calculated from reirradiation was 10.3 months and 5.8 months, respectively. Longer interval between initial treatment and recurrence (p = 0.01), smaller PTV size (p = 0.001), KPS ≥70 (p = 0.005) and younger age (p = 0.004) were associated with longer OS on statistical analysis. Conclusion HFSRT offers a feasible and effective salvage treatment option for recurrent GBM management. Prognostic factors associated with longer OS in our study were longer interval between initial treatment and recurrence, smaller PTV size, KPS ≥70 and younger age.


In 2016, IAEA revised and issued SSR-2/1 Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design and issued SSR-2/1 (Rev.1). Major revision in SSR-2/1 (Rev.1) is analyzed (especially new requirements after Fukushima nuclear accident). Problems in SSR-2/1 (Rev.1) are also discussed, which could be used as a reference in HAF102 revision and SSR-2/1 (Rev.1) application.


Teachers play key roles in preparing excellent students to reach their goals. To produce the exceptional students, teachers should always improve their professionalism. This study aims at investigating the efforts to improve teachers' Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in Aceh, Indonesia. This mixed study included 37 elementary schools and was carried out in ten Aceh Province districts or cities. Purposive sampling was used to select teachers, principals, and educational ministry officials to be the study's subjects. Information were gathered through meetings, perception and documentation. The steps of data reduction, data display, and verification were used to conduct qualitative data analysis; in the meantime quantitative information were made sense of through rates. Mentoring and/or peer observation and coaching, courses or workshops, reading professional literature, engaging in informal dialogue with peers, attending conferences or seminars, observing and visiting other schools, joining a qualification program, participating in a network of teachers, and individual or collaborative research are among the activities teachers in Aceh engage in to enhance their professional development and competence. Apathy, academic failure, lack of professional inspiration, lack of motivation, ignorance of their professional calling and responsibilities, lack of control, and lack of financial support were also identified as obstacles for teachers to overcome in their efforts to improve their professional competence. The planning and execution of CPD, as well as competency in the knowledge, skills, and attitudes discussed at CPD events, were all evaluated during the Aceh CPD evaluation process, focusing on learning outcomes, organizational support and change, using and sharing evaluation results, and sequentially evaluation.


The paper presents the influence of the brazing gap width on the structure of bonded joints during the production of aluminum heat exchangers, using brazing technology, in tunnel furnaces with controlled atmosphere. Based on the wedge test, an analysis and qualitative assessment of brazed joints was made for the changing width of the brazing gap and the filler metal used. For the received brazed joints, metallographic tests were carried out using light and electron microscopy (SEM) and microhardness measurements in the characteristic areas of brazed joints. Based on the results obtained, the recommended width of the brazing gap was determined.


A fresh-prepared solution of lithium tert-butoxide in DMF was used to replace solution of lithium tert-butoxide in THF for the deproton of hydroxyl group of(R)-9-(hydroxylpropyl) adenine,during the reaction between(R)-9-(hydroxylpropyl) adenine and diethyl p-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl phosphate.Thus,the reaction could be carried out more safely.In addition,the molar ratio of(R)-9-[2-((diethylphosphonomethoxy)) propyl] adenine to trimethylsilyl bromide initially set at 1∶6 for the removal of two ethyl groups in(R)-9-[2-(diethylphosphonomethoxy) propyl] adenine was changed to 1∶4.5.The product was characterized by()~1H-NMR and mass spectral analysis,and the results show it is the same as that obtained by the original procedure.


This study evaluates the efficacy of the monetary system via its operations and policies at reducing the level of income inequality in Nigeria over the period of 1981 to 2017. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag model estimation and the Generalized Method of Moments in light of the varying order of stationarity and nature of employed variables. The study identifies the absence of the Kuznet's U-shape trend in the Nigerian Gini coefficient and it is observed that only Credit mobilization ratio, Accessibility index and monetary policy implementation index (POX) have significant moment effect on the income distribution. While the level of credit mobilized widen the inequality gap, accessibility of financial institutions and policy implemented can be seen to be reducing the widening inequality Gap in the country. It is recommended in light of the findings that; Credit mobilization should be closely monitored to prevent insider abuse by fund custodians and administrators that might allocate credit based on nepotism. A reasonable proportion of credit should be mobilized to the low-income earners and rural dwellers. Financial Depth should be curtailed through the promotion of the cash-lite policy. This would reduce the possibility of illicit movement of funds and money laundering. It would also help in creating a more inclusive environment and accessibility to financial institutions should be further promoted for those at the grass-root level through the deployment of micro-credits and services. Keywords : Monetary system development, financial development, income distribution, income inequality. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-8-17 Publication date: April 30 th 2020


Blended learning method through the LMS system at Telkom University is relatively new. This makes a big change in the learning process, especially during the Covid pandemic which requires online learning. Online learning or e-learning raises pros and cons at Telkom University. This study uses a quantitative method and causality with SEM PLS as the analysis technique. Sampling techniques used are purposive sampling with a sample of 334 active Telkom University students spread across all majors starting from the Class of 2015 - 2020. The results highlight how the quality of e-learning services impacts the quality of the e-learning system, the quality of teaching and e-learning materials, the quality of staff and e-learning support staff, and more. The satisfaction of e-learning users at Telkom University is significantly impacted by the quality of e-learning services by 85.9%. In Telkom University students, e-learning user happiness has a strong impact on e-learning user loyalty by 80%. The use of the e-learning system determines the satisfaction and loyalty of Telkom University students because the form of teaching is carried out through LMS so that students experience easy access to materials and learn independently.


The application range of simulation technology and its role in every industry and daily are expanding rapidly. The author discusses the simulation model of computer dynamic system in detail from the concept to the principle and the establishment of the model, and puts forward some specific problems for the verification experiment of simulation technology.


In data warehouses, views or summaries can be materialized to obtain better performance. In this paper, the near greedy algorithm for views selection is proposed. It is a generalization of the greedy algorithm for views selection and defines a class of solutions existing in the range between the optimal and the greedy solutions. At each of its iterations, the algorithm selects multiple views in a greedy manner instead of just one. The iterations continue until the number of desired views is reached. The algorithm's complexity is presented and the performance guarantee for the greedy algorithm is expanded to obtain a general equation that specifies the minimum performance expected from each near greedy solution. General Terms Data Warehouse, views selection.


The shape of rotor bar is important in squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) performance, such as starting torque, operating torque, and operating efficiency. Some designs of increasing starting torque of motor may decrease motor efficiency. Moreover, some designed shapes of bar are so complicated to be manufactured. In this paper, the design is focused on the simple inclination of conventional shape of bar with keeping the rotor bar area constant. The effects of rotor bar inclination on starting torque, operating torque, and operating efficiency in SCIM are analyzed. The results showed that there is optimum inclination of rotor bar to improve all the performances together. An application to the 3.4 kW SCIM showed that the starting torque is increased from 17.53 to 17.64 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {N}\cdot \text {m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the operating torque from 11.19 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.26~\text {N}\cdot \text {m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the operating efficiency from 94.18% to 94.81%.


The object is to contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution, by reusing a fraction of urban solid waste, forestry and agroindustrial waste: newspaper (ONP), office paper (OWP), corrugated cardboard (OCC), pine sawdust, eucalyptus sawdust and sugar cane bagasse as raw material to design biocontainers suitable for growing plants, by applying pulp molding technology. The purpose is to evaluate the effects of the combination of these lignocellulosic materials on the physical-mechanical properties and optimize responses in order to select an ideal mixture on basis the product's necessities. An experimental design of type mixture of extreme vertices was followed, considering secondary fibers as base material, in a 0-100% proportion, and pine sawdust, eucalyptus sawdust and bagasse fibers as reinforcement, in a 0-40% proportion. An experimental matrix by each reinforcing material was proposed. Properties were evaluated: density, tensile, bursting, tearing, compression, stiffness, wet tensile, permeability and water retention, testing handsheets weighing 150 g/m. Responses were optimized using a statistical program. It was found that OWP pulps increase strength properties; OCC pulps increases tear and wet tensile; ONP pulps increase stiffness and reinforcement materials increase permeability. Factors that allow reaching the objectives are a mixture of pulp OWP/OCC in a 50/50 proportion.


Intramucosal peptic activity may participate in thegenesis ofacuteandchronic superficial gastritis. Theproteolytic activity ofhomogenatesofgastric mucosa (antrum andbody) andduodenum were measured atpH2.0(total peptic activity) after exposure to pH 8.0 (pepsinogen) andtheactivated pepsinogen (pepsin) was calculated inpediatric patients investigated forthepresence ofHelicobacter pylori (Hpylon), 122antral, 77stomach body, and74duodenal biopsies were examined in43 H pylonpositive patients, 51controls, and28 H pylori negative gastritis patients. Activated pepsinogen was significantly reduced inthe stomachofH pylonpositive patients only. Pepsinogen values were similar inallthe anatomical areastested inallpatients. In13 H pylonpositive patients reinvestigated threemonthsafter antibiotic therapy, antral mucosalactivated pepsinogen activity increased significantly (meanpretreatment 1.56(1.0) U/mgprotein versus mean posttreatment 2.72(1.7) U/mgprotein) andreached valuescomparable withcontrols. The decreased activated pepsinogen activity in association withnormalpepsinogen content observed intheantrumofH pylori positive gastritis patients indicate local pepsin inactivation or alternately enhanced removal intothe gastric lumenorbackflow into thecirculation. Gut1992; 33:1162-1165


Although the national importance of the semiconductor industry is widely acknowledged, it is only recently that the production planning and scheduling problems encountered in this environment have begun to be addressed using industrial engineering and operations research.techniques. These problems have several features that make them difficult and challenging: random yields and rework, complex product flows, and rapidly changing products and technologies. Hence their solution will contribute considerably to die theory and practice of production planning and control. In a two-part project we present a review of research in this area to date, discuss the applicability of the various approaches and suggest directions for future research. In this paper, Part I, we describe the characteristics of the semiconductor manufacturing environment and review models related to performance evaluation and production planning. Part II will review research on shop-floor control in this industry to date.


ABSTRACT This article claims that Svetlana Aleksievich's Voices from Utopia should be read as testimony. Although based on eyewitnesses interviewed by Aleksievich, the voices represented in the five books are interpreted as the creation of an implied author. In contrast to a theoretical standpoint defining fact in a dichotomous relation to fiction, this study identifies the historical value of Aleksievich's writing as intimately connected to the aesthetic composition. The article has two major aims. The first is to describe how the monologues and choirs in Voices from Utopia are represented. Using Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of the polyphonic novel, the internal focalization of the testimonies, in combination with a significant reduction of the external perspective, both on the level of dialogue and narration, are described as together constituting a polyphonic composition. The second aim is to demonstrate how this polyphony is interrelated to trauma theory and the psychological hardships experienced by the witnesses in the act of representing a traumatic experience. The hypothesis is that the polyphonic structure could be interpreted as an ethical representation of the interviews: first, it reflects an empathy with the witnesses' ambivalence when confessing their traumatic past; secondly, because it contributes to ethically engaging the implied reader.


The physics behind the lubricant transfer from disk to slider is explained based on the lubricant transfer model proposed by Marchon. The effects of some important parameters, such as slider air bearing pressure and its gradient on the lubricant transfer are also explained and involved in the calculations. The strategies of slider design to minimize the lubricant transfer are proposed.


We have synthesized two fluorene-based polymeric host materials, P1 and P2, through palladium-catalyzed Suzuki couplings of monomers containing tetraphenylsilane and 3,6-disubstituted fluorene frameworks, respectively. The resultant copolymers exhibited high glass transition temperatures (Tg ≥ 215 °C) and excellent thermal stability. The conjugation lengths of polymers P1 and P2 were effectively confined through the presence of the 3,6-linkages and silane units in the polymer skeleton. The structural features endowed these copolymers with UV−violet emissions in the solid state, together with high triplet energies (ET = 2.60 eV), which were sufficiently high for P1 and P2 to serve as appropriate hosts for green-emitting phosphors. In the case of polymer P2, the incorporation of pendent carbazole groups increased the HOMO level markedly and balanced the rates of charge injection and transportation. Employing P2 doped with green-emitting fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium as the emissive layer, we fabricated ...


In this paper, we use the modified version of contraction mapping principle to obtain the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear CaputoHadamard fractional delay differential equations. We also use the method of successive approximations to show the stability of the equations. An example is given to illustrate this work.


ABSTRACT In these studies I examine the role of distributedcognition in problem solving. The majorhypothesis explored is that intelligent behaviorresults from the interaction of internal cognition,external objects, and other people, where adistributed cognitive task can be represented as aset of modules, some internal and some external.The Tower of Hanoi problem is used as a concreteexample for these studies. In Experiment 1 I ex-amine the effects of the distribution of rep-resentations among internal and external moduleson problem-solving behavior. Experiments 2Aand 2B focus on how the nature and number ofrules affect problem-solving behavior. Experiment3 investigates how a groupOs problem-solvingbehavior is affected by the distribution ofrepresentations among the individuals. Theresults of all studies show that distributedcognitive activities are produced by theinteraction among the representations in themodules involved in a given task: betweeninternal and external representations and betweeninternal representations. External representationsare not peripheral aids. They are an indispensablepart of cognition. Two of the factors determiningthe performance of a distributed cognitive systemare the structure of the abstract task space and thedistribution of representations across modules.


IRAK‐4 kinase inactive (IRAK‐4 KD) knock‐in mice display defects in TLR‐ and IL‐1 receptor signaling and are resistant to LPS‐induced shock. In the present study we examined the LPS‐induced response in IRAK‐4 KD mice in more detail. We show that IRAK‐4 kinase activity is required for certain aspects of TLR‐mediated signaling but not for others. We found that IRAK‐4 KD cells displayed reduced JNK and p38 signaling, while NF‐κB was activated to a normal level but with delayed kinetics compared to wild‐type cells. TLR4‐mediated IRF3 activation was intact in these cells. Comprehensive analysis of expression of LPS‐inducible genes by microarray demonstrated that IRAK‐4 KD cells were severely impaired in the expression of many pro‐inflammatory genes, suggesting their dependence on IRAK‐4 kinase activity. In contrast, the expression of a subset of LPS‐induced genes of anti‐viral response was not affected by IRAK‐4 kinase deficiency. Additionally, we demonstrate that LPS‐activated early expression and production of some cytokines, e.g., TNF‐α, is partially induced in the absence of IRAK‐4 kinase activity. This suggests that the partially unaffected TLR4‐mediated signaling could still drive expression of these genes in early phases and that IRAK‐4 kinase activity is important for a more sustained anti‐bacterial response.


The halal industry is an innovation in the business world that can increase economic growth in Indonesia. The halal industry market in Indonesia is now growing rapidly and has become an alternative choice among the public. Several industrial sectors that support the development of the halal industrial market include banking, food and beverage, Muslim fashion, health, and cosmetics. The topic that is the focus of this research is the cosmetics industry which has been certified halal. Halal cosmetics are one of the halal products that are being discussed and sought after by many people. In Indonesia, the halal cosmetics industry continues to experience significant development. Public interest in halal cosmetics is increasing along with public awareness of the importance of using halal products, especially cosmetic products. In order to meet the increasing consumer demand for halal cosmetic products, of course, producers will make various efforts to be able to provide quality products. Efforts to improve the quality of this product are aimed at maintaining and increasing consumer confidence in the halal cosmetic products he has chosen. Talking about efforts to increase consumer confidence in halal cosmetic products, there are several supporting factors that need to be studied. Therefore, in this study the researcher wanted to analyze the effect of the image of halal products, product design, and marketing strategies on the level of consumer confidence in halal cosmetics. This research is more focused on one of the brands of halal cosmetic products, namely Safi, where its products are well known by the wider community. The theoretical framework in this study uses the TOE (Technology, Organization, Environment) framework approach where each independent variable that affects is correlated with this concept. The method used is a quantitative method. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents, in this case the consumers of Safi halal cosmetic products in Indonesia. This research was conducted using non-probability techniques. The test of this research is that the authors use SPSS 25.


In view of problem that traditional analysis method is difficult to obtain dynamic feature when mine hoist system failures,the paper proposed a self-tuning fault-tolerant PID control method for mine hoist based on BP neural network.The method employs BP neural network to predict system output value by learning and tracking dynamic features of the hoist system online,uses self-tuning neural network PID of self-adapt control to build fault-tolerant controller,so as to realize stable fault-tolerant control of the hoist system when fault happens.The simulation result shows that control method can track system fault state rapidly when a sudden fault happens,and adjust PID parameters online and restore system features in short time.


To do with measuring the temperature of the battery is possible accurately subjected to a heat control of the heater with high precision, and also provides a Park Hyeonghwa is possible temperature control is given cell. The battery cell (B1) and, provided with a film heater (10) at least a temperature sensor formed covering a part attached to the cell body surface, the temperature sensor is attached to the film heater, the insulating film (2) and, on the insulating film is provided with a formed temperature sensor (TS) and the heating wire 6 formed through an insulating layer 5 above, and the heater wire, and forming a pattern on the insulating layer 5, the temperature sensor unit, the heater line and thin film thermistor portion 3 formed right pattern of a thermistor material on an insulating film (2) as a bottom of the heating zone, and has a pattern electrode (4) formed on at least a pair of thin film thermistor portion.


In this paper wind turbine fed high efficiency ac to dc converter is proposed for industrial application(R, RL loads). A SIMULINK model is proposed with wind turbine and with a constant ac voltage source. An LLC resonant converter is also used in this circuit configuration to achieve the higher efficiency. Total circuit is implemented and simulated in MATLAB 2012a software.


This study aims to determine the impact of women's savings and loan credit against the income of poor households receiving tuition credits and find out what factors affect revenue. The method used in this study are two different test average and multiple linear regression with the smallest quadrant method (OLS) using the primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through interviews with the respondents and the spread of the questionnaire, while secondary data obtained from the office of district UPK Sikakap. The results of the analysis using two different analysis tools show that the average earnings before and after the credits there is no difference, and also by using multiple linear regression analysis with OLS method shows that the independent variables: the loan amount, age and education level, influence the targeting accuracy positive but only two are significant, namely the loan amount and levelof education of the income of poor households.


TDZ is extensively used in plant tissue culture as plant growth regulator now, it can induce types of micropropagation form the material in vitro of many kinds plants. It has the function of cytokinin. TDZ inducing micropropagation principles in recent years are studied. The research progress that relevant TDZ inducement plant micropropagation and possible principles are briefly described.


A position detecting device includes: a transmitting conductor group (12) formed of a plurality of conductors arranged in a first direction; a receiving conductor group (14) formed of a plurality of conductors arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a signal detecting circuit (34) configured to detect a signal occurring in at least one of the transmitting conductor group and the receiving conductor group on a basis of position indication by an indicating object; a transmitting conductor selecting circuit (23); and a receiving conductor selecting circuit (31). Each of the transmitting conductor group and the receiving conductor group is sectioned into at least a first conductor group and a second conductor group adjacent to each other. Conductors are selected such that a direction of selecting each of the conductors forming the first conductor group and a direction of selecting each of the conductors forming the second conductor group are different from each other.


Ultrathin ruthenium films are promising capping layers protecting extreme ultraviolet lithography optics against carbon growth and oxidation. The structure and reactivity of 2, 5, and 7 nm thick nanocrystalline Ru films on Si (serving as a model system for Ru capping layers) were studied by multiple techniques including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structural analysis indicated dense and flat Ru films, consisting of preferentially (0001)-oriented grains. High resolution core-level Ru 3d5/2 and O 1s spectroscopy studies have revealed that these Ru films exposed to O2 ambient are resistant to oxidation up to 470 K similar to the oxidation of single-crystalline Ru(0001) surfaces. The reduction of the oxide in the H2 ambient is highly effective and proceeds already below 370 K.


Rather than commenting on every paper presented during this conference, I would like to mention a few of the high points for me. It was reassuring to hear Jaffe, and Robinson and Robbins state that although the CO production of the world is increasing and now totals approximately 175 million tons per year, "background" CO concentrations (in the troposphere and in air above remote areas in the Pacific Ocean) are apparently not increasing. The evidence for this includes solar infrared spectroscopic studies and CO analysis of icebergs. Known mechanisms of CO consumption seem not to explain this completely, according to J d e . The ocean is not a CO sink, as was once postulated. Indeed, the work of Swinnerton, Linnebom and Lamontagne indicates that ocean CO concentrations are much greater than expected from consideration of CO solubility and air CO concentrations. It is now thought that the oceans may be the largest natural source of CO. Patterns of CO exposure to man and other life, and the factors that influence this, are becoming much clearer (as discussed in papers by Lawther and Goldsmith). Automobile exhaust appears to contribute approximately 70% of CO produced from all sources. Measurements of the relationships between CO exposure and blood carboxyhemoglobin percent saturation (COHb) are available. It appears that there are significant numbers of people who have blood COHb levels which are higher than levels that have been associated with CO toxicity in acute experiments on man and animals. I hasten to add that one has to jump several steps in order to relate the results of these experiments to the case of man in whom the exposure may have different temporal relationships than occurred experimentally and in whom adaptation may have occurred. Nevertheless, one can conclude that there is a real possibility that CO is adversely affecting large numbers of people in our society. The studies of Wertheim and Beard, and McFarland offer the most convincing data that "acute" absorption of CO giving COHb levels as small as 3-5% saturation may cause a subtle effect on the central nervous system. It seems likely that negative findings by other authors who have studied effects of an equivalent CO exposure on mental performance is related to differences in the testing situation. The concept that CO toxicity is due to binding with hemoglobin and a resultant decrease in oxygen tension in peripheral capillaries and tissues has not been altered in recent years. The papers by Roughton and by Forster outline the effects of CO binding to hemoglobin on the oxygen dissociation curve, and 0 2 tensions in peripheral capillaries as estimated by venous PO2. The .possibility remains, nevertheless, that CO toxicity is also related to binding to nonhemoglobin hemoproteins. Chance, Erecinba, and Wagner have observed an unsuspected sensitivity of the cytochrome chain in pigeon mitochondria to as little as 100 parts per million CO. These experiments showed that during transitions from anoxia to normoxia there was a slower rate of oxidation of the cytochrome chain in the presence of CO. With brief anoxia there was increased CO binding to cytochrome a3. The slow velocity constant for the dissociation of CO was an important factor, since it was shown to take several minutes to reach the equilibrium of cytochrome a3 with respect to CO and 0 2 . It was noted that 0 2


This paper briefly expounds the sources,features and harms of indoor air contaminants,and puts forward some methods for reducing the concentration of the harmful substances and improving the quality of indoor air.


abstract Alternative news media are largely independent players in the news environment, which allows them to publish more alternative, and possibly more radical, news content. Do they utilise their independence to display actors that are underrepresented in the mainstream news? And does it affect the actor diversity in their news coverage and the journalistic environment as a whole? This study scrutinises the differences in actor diversity and actor presentation in articles published by alternative and mainstream news media to gauge if alternative media are more one-sided and if they contribute to the external actor diversity of the news environment. We analyse a sample of news articles on migration and social affairs published by two mainstream media and four alternative outlets. Despite limited differences in article-level actor diversity between alternative and mainstream news media, our findings highlight that right-wing and left-wing alternative media exploit their editorial independence differently to highlight other actor categories. Left-wing alternative news media present more civil society actors, while right-wing alternative news outlets pay more attention to right-wing politicians and parties. Thus, alternative news media are not that different in terms of internal actor diversity, but they modestly advance the external actor diversity in the news environment.


My essay deals with a problem in our society which, in my opinion, has been neglected. Even today in 2011, the quality of schools and preschools is extremely varied. This has been a problem for a l ...


To counter the difficulty in lubricant addition into the jig's air valve system with triple air sources and the disadvantage of frequent stoppage and large volume of maintenance work required, and taking consideration of advantage and disadvantage of similar facility, both domestic and aboard, developed was a new automatic lubrication facility composed of home made elements. This facility has attained a performance matching that of similar imported one, helped realizing completely automatic and continuous lubrication of jig's valves and promoting the level of automation of a single jig operation.


This research aims to realize a knowledge-based system recognizing teenagers' behaviours in the lifestyle domain. Since various heterogeneous data sources are involved in this recognition process (e.g. wearable sensors, etc.), it is essential to face the harmonization of the data produced from these disparate sources and expressed under the form of both structured and unstructured content. The herein proposed approach leverages a common semantic reference model which represents the individual as a whole, permitting classification and integration of behavioural and contextual information. In this regard, an automatic semantic enrichment of the data produced by the involved sources is carried out, thus allowing to support a behaviour recognition process handled in a two-phase process (real-time and long-term detection and analysis of behaviours and trends).


In the four and a half years since I took office as a Policy Board member of the Bank – how time flies – the global economy has faced strong headwinds caused mainly by the sovereign debt crisis in Europe, the fiscal cliff in the United States, and the Great East Japan Earthquake in Japan. Central banks in advanced countries have adopted their own unconventional monetary policy, stepping further into uncharted territory. The Bank of Japan, for its part, introduced quantitative and qualitative monetary easing (QQE) in April 2013 and has been conducting further aggressive monetary easing.


This paper is the transcript of a talk given 5 June 2007 in Boston at the Wistar Retrospective Symposium. I've been learning some biology at this meeting, but what can I contribute to the discussion? The answer is, not much. I do discrete mathematics, in fact, metamathematics. In my work I use a notion of complexity, and it would be great if this complexity concept had something to do with biology. Unfortunately it doesn't. Biology deals with very complicated systems, but I don't think my work on complexity can be applied to biology. Instead I've taken the idea of complexity from biology and I'm using it to try to understand what mathematics can and cannot achieve. That's called metamathematics. So in this talk you are going to see an idea from biology applied in an unexpected way. My story begins about a century ago with David Hilbert, a famous German mathematician, who believed that mathematical truth is absolutely rigorous, completely black or white, never gray. And he wanted to demonstrate that in the most clear-cut, straightforward possible way. He wanted to formalize all of mathematics. Hilbert was responding to problems in the foundations of mathematics provoked by Cantor's theory of infinite sets. There were many paradoxes, paradoxes discussed by such people as Bertrand Russell and Frege and many others. Hilbert's proposal for dealing with this crisis Information and Computation 2 was formalism. Hilbert's plan for avoiding contradictions and paradoxes in mathematics was to make mathematical reasoning extremely precise. He believed that mathematics is absolute truth, totally black or white. Therefore, he reasoned, it ought to be possible for us all to agree on a finite set of axioms to use as the basis for all of math. And we should use symbolic logic, not a natural language, because natural languages are ambiguous. In other words, Hilbert's goal was to formalize mathematics completely, to set up an axiomatic system in the style of Euclid, but for all of mathematics. His plan was to write down a list of axioms, using formal logic, for all of mathematics. And once we all agree on the rules of logic and on the axioms, then this will once and for all clarify what mathematics is, and how things should be done. Math will consist of everything you can prove from those axioms using these rules of logic. The goal was to make everything completely objective, and to eliminate all subjectivity from mathematics. If somebody claims that they have a proof, done in this very formal way, with no missing steps, then it's completely mechanical to check whether the proof is correct or not. A machine can do it. You don't need any human referees. Well, you do need referees to say if the result is worth publishing, but you don't need anybody to check whether the proof is correct or not. So this was Hilbert's idea. And once he found the correct rules of logic and the right list of axioms, he would then have to convince people that this was a good system that we should all use, and that it avoids all the paradoxes. So Hilbert's project was rather ambitious. But it starts with the simple idea that if mathematics really provides absolute truth, then it ought to be possible to formalize everything in precisely this way. Some people really hated David Hilbert's idea. Since Hilbert was a German, you will not be surprised to hear that one of his severest critics was a Frenchman, Henri Poincaré. Poincaré compared Hilbert's proposal with that mythical Chicago machine ⎯ this was when Chicago had enormous slaughterhouses ⎯ where pigs go in one end of the machine and out come neatly wrapped sausages at the other end. Is mathematics just a sausage-making machine? Poincaré didn't think that it was, not at all. Mathematics as a Biological Process 3 But Poincaré's caustic remarks didn't deter Hilbert and his disciples. So what happened next? Well, for about thirty years it looked like Hilbert was making progress and would eventually succeed in carrying out this project. Then disaster struck... Let me say, by the way, that Hilbert's formalist, axiomatic style survives in the Bourbaki school, which even though Bourbaki is now gone, is still very influential. Bourbaki was a group of French mathematicians who were traitors to French mathematics, because they preferred Hilbert's Prussian approach to Poincaré's. Even though Bourbaki has now disbanded, formalization's icy grip still rules mathematics, and this comes from Hilbert. The current fashion is that ideally a math paper should have no words, no diagrams, no examples, and no discussion of history or motivation, a very formalist view indeed. Okay, so this was Hilbert's idea. But it was initially viewed as a good idea, because Hilbert didn't say that people should actually work in a logical language and publish machine-checkable proofs. The real goal was to make mathematics absolutely certain, completely rigorous. And most mathematicians thought that this ought to be possible since mathematical arguments are much more convincing than arguments in physics or in law. So despite Poincaré's remarks, Hilbert's project sounded like a good idea, and a number of mathematicians worked on it for about thirty years. And then in 1931 in Vienna, Kurt Gödel, who initially was working to carry out Hilbert's program, showed that it couldn't be done. This is the famous 1931 incompleteness theorem of Kurt Gödel. The basic idea is that "I'm unprovable" is provable if and only if it's false. I have only thirty minutes, so I'm not going to be able to explain Gödel's proof. It shows that Hilbert's program can't work, because the first step was to come up with an axiomatic system for all of math (and then to convince people to use it by showing that you don't get the contradictions and paradoxes that were bothering mathematicians). But what Gödel showed is that no finite set of axioms, no formal axiomatic theory, can include everything ⎯ there is no theory of everything for pure mathematics. That's what Gödel showed. This was quite a shock, and in 1936 Alan Turing made things even Information and Computation 4 worse. Turing found a much deeper reason for incompleteness. This is in Turing's famous 1936 paper "On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem." In a way, Turing's 1936 paper creates the computer industry, because it talks about flexible, universal machines and the idea of hardware and software. And besides constructing a primitive kind of computer called a Turing machine, this paper introduces the idea of the computer to pure mathematics as a fundamental new concept. However, I think that the most interesting thing about this paper isn't its positive aspect, it's its negative aspect. The negative aspect of the paper is that Turing shows that there are very basic things which cannot be computed. And from uncomputability ⎯ from the existence of mathematical questions where you cannot calculate the answers systematically ⎯ Turing deduces a form of incompleteness, a new kind of incompleteness theorem. You see, if Hilbert had been right, and you had a formal axiomatic system for all of math, you could systematically run through the tree of all possible proofs. This would be very slow, but in principle you could systematically look at all one-step proofs, two step proofs, three step proofs, and that way you could mechanically generate all the theorems starting from the axioms. And if you wanted to see whether something is true or not, you just do that until either you find a proof that the result you're interested in is true, or you find a proof that the result you're interested in is false. This is why Poincaré mocked Hilbert's project saying that it would make mathematics into a sausage machine. What Turing showed in 1936 is that there can't be such a sausage machine, because there are mathematical questions where you can't systematically calculate the answer, and therefore you can't prove what the answer is either, not in all individual cases. Because if you could, then you could run through all possible proofs until you either find a proof that the answer is "yes" or that the answer is "no," and this would give you a mechanical procedure, an algorithm, for always calculating the answer, which however cannot exist because of uncomputability. So incompleteness is a corollary of uncomputability. Turing's work is wonderful because it makes incompleteness much more solid. Gödel's proof was too paradoxical: "I'm unprovable" is too Mathematics as a Biological Process 5 much like "This statement is false." Gödel's proof looks too close to the paradoxes which were upsetting everybody. But Turing found a more basic reason that you can't have a formal theory for all of mathematics. What about my own work? I haven't mentioned that yet. What I've tried to add to this discussion of incompleteness is some kind of a notion of complexity. What's complexity? Well, there's certainly a lot of complexity in biological systems. At this meeting we've seen lots of examples of how amazingly complex some basic biological mechanisms are. But how do you define complexity? Well, there's lots of ways of defining complexity. And in fact you biologists don't give a precise definition, you just sort of know. You can recognize it when you see it. But I'm a mathematician, so my idea was a definition of complexity that may not be useful in biology, but which I can use in metamathematics. I just look at the size of computer programs. I say that something has N bits of complexity if you need an N-bit program to calculate it. This is a very straightforward definition. I don't care how long this N-bit program takes to run. If the smallest program that calculates something is exactly a thousand bits long, I don't care if that program goes on working for billions and billions of years, as long as it finally yields the thing I'm interested in. This is a very simple-minded measure of complexity that is not intended for use in


Object Counting isa challenging problem with different solutions based on theavailable computing powerandthenature ofdatatobeprocessed. Memory efficiency, simplicity andspeed areveryimportant requisites foralgorithms tobeusedinmodernday systems whichinclude distributed systems andwireless sensor networks whereitisextremely advantageous to dobasic preprocessing ofdata fromthesensors inthe nodes itself Reduced computing poweravailable inthe nodes posesachallenge andthis canbeovercome by Figure 1.Smallbinary imageanditsfirst, second theuseofalgorithms withsimple steps. Wepresent an andthird columns algorithm tomonitor continuity, countobjects and before counting [2]. In[3], thebackground image has measureparameters suchasareabyisolating patternsbeenusedasareference forcounting thenumberof andobjects fromdatabased onsimple computations. movingobjects. Eachof thesemethodsis Memoryefficiency, speed andflexibility ofthe computationally demanding andismoreapplicable for proposed algorithm havebeendiscussed. Ithasmany thespecific applications they havebeendesigned for. broadapplications that include counting objects ona Counting identical objects hasbeendoneusing High conveyer, monitoring people inatraffic signal, pattern L isolation frommulticolored images andmonitoring LevelAutoCorrelation (HLAC) wherethesimilarity continuity inrealtimeimagedatafromsensors. We between objects tobe


Genome reduction has been widely studied in obligate intracellular bacterial mutualists of insects because they have, in comparison to closely-related, nonhost-associated bacteria, extremely small genomes. Pentatomid stinkbugs also maintain bacterial symbionts, yet they are extracellular, residing within host-derived crypts, and are transmitted to offspring outside of the host's tissues, which exposes them to the external environment. In this review, we explore how the biphasic lifestyle of stinkbug symbionts (e.g. on the surfaces of eggs in various matrices during transmission and inside host-derived tissues during much of the host's life), in contrast with the solely intracellular lifestyle of many insect endosymbionts, may impact their genome's architecture, size and content. Furthermore, we demonstrate how additional stinkbug symbiont genomes are needed to more fully explore these questions and the potential value of the stinkbug-symbiont system in understanding genome evolution and reduction in the absence of intracellularity.


In this article, we study the adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) for multiagent systems (MASs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and actuator faults. The mixed connectivity-maintained/broken attack containing both connectivity-maintained and connectivity-broken attacks is considered, which results that the MASs are with switching topologies. Also, characteristics of DoS attacks, such as durations and frequencies of attacks, make it more difficult to design fault-tolerant controllers and analyze the stability for MASs with node faults. A novel FTC strategy is presented to compensate for node faults. Then, by using the Lyapunov stability analysis, an average dwell-time condition is presented for the bounded synchronization of MASs under DoS attacks. An example of nonlinear forced pendulum systems is proposed to verify the proposed approach.


During the 3rd edition of the OPCW Forum on the Peaceful Uses of Chemistry, held at the OPCW Headquarters in The Hague on 23 October, Professor Pietro Tundo, Chair of IUPAC's Interdivisional Committee on Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development, provided insights into the approaches of supporting sustainable development through peaceful uses of chemistry. With that Forum, and in a bid to strengthen international security through development, the Member States of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) identified activities to help achieve the United Nation's (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).


A total of 45 patients with 19A nephropathy were seen at the Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur and the Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University ofMalaysia) between January 1982 to June 1985. This represents an incidence of 10. 7% of all primary glomerulopathies. There does not appear to be any racial predilection and the clinicopathological features generally conforms with those reported elsewhere. However it seems to be as common in females as in males but the latter have a worse prognosis. The high incidence of renal failure and hypertension in our patients within the short follow-up period is noteworthy.


With the pervasiveness of smart phones, mobile social networking (MSN) has received extensive attention in recent years. However, while providing many opportunities to mobile users, MSN also poses new security challenges, and sybil attack is one of such challenges, in which a malicious user can interact with other mobile users multiple times by creating fake identities and misleading them into making decisions that benefit the malicious user himself. In this paper, we consider a privacy-preserving MSN and propose a sybil attack detection scheme, called SADS, to effectively prevent sybil attack and allow all mobile users to detect malicious users while the user's privacy is still preserved in MSN. Specifically, based on Paillier homomorphic encryption technique, the proposed SADS scheme can efficiently detect sybil attack in MSN. Detailed security analysis shows that the user's privacy can be well-protected in the proposed SADS scheme. In addition, the system optimizing design is further proposed to improve the system performance.


The invention provides a method and equipment for switching pilot beacons of a data only revision B (DORB) service. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving a route update (RU) message reported by a terminal; and performing switching judgment of the pilot beacons if frequency points corresponding to pilot strength information carried in the RU message include the usable pilot beacons. The switching judgment of the pilot beacons comprises the processes of: performing the switching judgment on each sub-active set in a current active set of the terminal according to the pilot strength information to obtain a judgment active set; triggering soft switching if the judgment active set and the current active set have the sub-active sets corresponding to the same frequency points; and triggering hard switching if the judgment active set and the current active set do not have the sub-active sets corresponding to the same frequency points . In the embodiment of the invention, a concept of the pilot beacon of the service is provided, the pilot beacons are allowed to participate in the soft switching, a convention of triggering the hard switching by the pilot beacons is changed, and the switching judgment is performed on the sub-active sets according to the characteristics of the active set of the DORB, so that the unnecessary hard switching can be avoided, the quality of service is improved, and call drop is avoided.


OF THE DISCLOSURE An improvement in the process of sulfonating nitro aromatic compounds whereby sulfone formation is mini mized is provided by adding sulfur trioxide at a tempera ture below 40° C. and thereafter heating to a temperature of at least 130 C. This invention relates to improvements in the process of sulfonating nitro compounds. More particularly, it relates to an improved process for the direct sulfonation of nitro aromatic compounds with Sulfur trioxide in which the formation of sulfones is minimized. Aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, naph thalene and their mononitrated derivatives have been sulfonated by reacting these compounds with Sulfuric acid and with oleum of various strengths. In all of Such proc esses, water is formed during the reaction, which retards and even prevents the reaction from going to completion, thus resulting in a waste of aromatic compound and of sulfonating agent. Of equal commercial importance, such sulfonation reactions when conducted on a large Scale re quire additional processing steps and consume relatively large quantities of additional chemicals to remove and safely dispose of residual sulfuric acid. Direct sulfonation of such compounds has been accom plished with sulfur trioxide, which theoretically obviates such difficulties attendant upon the use of Sulfuric acid, since no water is liberated in the reaction. However, the by-product formation of sulfones which is known to oc cur to a varying extent in all sulfonation reactions, is in tensified when the compound being sulfonated is present in excess and when an active reagent Such as Sulfur tri oxide is used. The quantities of Sulfones formed in the reaction in the liquid phase may be as high as 30% in some cases, and it is obvious that such extensive by-prod uct formation is undesirable since it represents loss of starting material and sulfonating agent. Moreover, the sulfone-forming reaction occurs with the production of water, which leads to the formation of sulfuric acid. These side reactions are illustrated by the following equations:


Three years ago, we wrote an essay about our new English-teaching program that adopted TOEIC. We gave out questionnaires to the students with questions ranging from what they thought of English in general to what they thought of our new program. In the essay, we discussed some of the results. Even though students' response was relatively positive in this initial survey, we wrote in our conclusion that we would like to renew and reform our classes. Receiving feedback from students periodically would help us improve their English ability. In order to see the change of students' attitude toward English and also toward our program, we conducted the same research last February. This time the results were not as favorable. For example, the number of students who thought their English ability was poor increased and those who showed a positive attitude toward our program decreased. We discussed and wrote what we learned from those results. We raised the question whether there was a gap between what we tried to teach to the students and what they wanted from us. Possible reasons were discussed on why we could not succeed in stimulating the students into studying English further. In April 2003 Okayama University started a new English curriculum, in which the classes for proficiency tests including TOEIC were opened. Similar classes have been set at many other universities. This survey will be a help to the further development of English education adopting TOEIC.


The construction of harmonious society is a necessary choice for the economic and social development in China currently.As the emergence and growth of unharmonious phenomena are closely related with the governmental public policies at present,the governmental public policies must play a leading role in the construction of harmonious society.Furthermore,the elements in the theory and practice in the construction of socialist harmonious society decide that social justice should be adopted as the basic value in the making of the governmental public policies.In order to accomplish this,our government should change its administrative principle,make relevant institutional arrangements,and conduct necessary policy intervention to social life.


This paper investigates management turnover in Italian banks by means of the survival analysis method. The study tests whether management turnover differs according to different types of banks; and whether top managers in non-commercial banks are more likely to stay on in their managerial position - to "survive" longer than top managers in commercial banks. Data from 1993 to 2003 have been considered for all Italian banks. On the one hand, results confirm that the juridical form of banks is directly related to management turnover. Cooperative banks show a superior survival probability in comparison to other banks. On the other hand, results show that in Italian banks, management turnover is less frequent for managers with a high level of education and with honorific titles. Top managers in cooperative banks tend to survive longer than top managers in commercial banks also when bank performance is below average. Finally, the paper evaluates the impact of business cycles on management turnover.


Abstract : The Soviet phenomenon, variously known as the Underground, Dissident, or Democratic Movement, came to the fore as a counter-measure to the tightening of controls after the Twentieth Communist Party Congress in 1956. The task of this loosely organized and essentially leaderless crusade was to disseminate, by a sort of osmosis, within the Soviet Union, a sense of decency, morality, and justice. The primary vehicles for bringing this cause out into the open were 'open letters of protest,' public demonstrations, disruption of Soviet political trials, and the creation of an illegal press known as Samizdat. The movement's significance, in terms of its social impact, was the fusion of two previously nonrelated groups: the literary intelligentsia and the scientific elite. Together they fought the system within the system; that is, they devoted most of their attention to resolving the discordance between the Soviet political complex and the question of individual rights.


We study the routing problem in massively dense static ad-hoc networks as the node density increases. We use a fluid approximation in which the graph providing the available routes becomes so dense that it can be approximated by a continuous area which inherits from the original problem the cost structure: a cost density is defined at each point on the limit plain; it is a function of the location and the congestion at that point. We solve numerically the routing problem for the case where the cost density is linear with respect to congestion and we obtain a result of convergence via Finite Elements Method.


On the basis of 54 reparations par prosthesis among our personal series of 264 strangled hernias, we tried to define the situations where prosthetic material should be used in emergency procedures. Use of a plug for the cure of crural hernias was found to be effective and usually a reasonable option. Inversely, large prostheses cannot be proposed except in a limited number of cases using an indirect approach in order to assure correct separation between the septic procedure for intestinal resection and abdominal wall repair.


Purpose: The study aims to determine the effect of the backwash time on the parameters of the mesh self-washing filter.

Theoretical framework: The duration of the backwash process can significantly affect the operation parameters of the mesh self-washing filter

Method: During the study, experiments were carried out using a laboratory stand on which a mesh self-cleaning filter was installed. In the experiments, the filter operation parameters were measured at different values of the backwash time. Mathematical modelling methods were also used to determine the filtration efficiency.

Results and conclusion: The results of the study showed that the backwash time significantly impacts the operation of the mesh self-washing filter. The optimal backwash time is from 20 to 30 seconds, while the percentage of filter clogging due to removing impurities during backwash is reduced by 20-25% compared to a shorter or longer backwash time.

Research implications: These filters work on the principle of direct filtration when water passes through a sieve to remove suspended solids. The filter material is periodically cleaned by backwashing, which involves changing the direction of water flow through a sieve to remove accumulated solid particles.

Originality/value: Water purification by suspended solids with a size of more than 100 microns is carried out by an amount of more than 99.5%. The filter provides reproducible cleaning quality, and the cleaning efficiency does not decrease from cycle to cycle.


Suicidality is a health concern in patients with schizophrenia. We examined the hypotheses: (1) Middle aged and older patients with schizophrenia, depressive symptoms and suicidality would exhibit worse quality of life and worse everyday functioning, social skills and medication management relative to those without suicidality; (2) higher levels of suicidality would be significantly associated with worse functioning, worse quality of life and older age.