In recent years the quantum Schubert cell algebras, introduced by Lusztig and De Concini– Kac, and Procesi, have garnered much interest as this versatile class of objects are furtive testing grounds for noncommutative algebraic geometry. We unify the two main approaches to analyzing the structure of the torus-invariant prime spectra of quantum Schubert cell algebras, a ring theoretic one via Cauchon's deleting derivations and a representation theoretic characterization of Yakimov via Demazure modules. As a result one can combine the strengths of the two approaches. In unifying the theories, we resolve two questions of Cauchon and Mériaux , one of which involves the Cauchon diagram containment problem. Moreover, we discover explicit quantum-minor formulas for the final generators arising from iterating the deleting derivation method on any quantum Schubert cell algebras. These formulas will play a large role in subsequent research. Lastly, we provide an independent and elegant proof of the Cauchon–Mériaux classification. The main results in this thesis appear in [GY] and are joint with Milen Yakimov.


ABSTRACT In this article, I examine a new religious initiative of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland called the Extreme Way of the Cross (EWC, Ekstremalna Droga Krzyżowa). Proclaimed as a 'new form of spirituality', the EWC has rapidly become a nation-wide phenomenon, with more than 450 routes and 52,000 registered participants in 2017. I start with a description of the history, organisational features and main principles of the EWC, followed by the social-religious profiles of its participants. Drawing on Elaine Peña's concept of 'devotional labor', I shed light on how a strenuous, long night-time walk, combined with the rule of silence and meditation on the Passion of Christ, can lead EWC participants to an immediate experience of the sacred, in which a fatigued human body plays a central role. To this end, I discuss the EWC in the context of the traditional Catholic Ways of the Cross and Passion Plays, and contemporary pilgrimage in the Western Christianity.


P-tracing method was used to investigate the effect of deep tillage (cut off some roots) before winter coming on the vertical distribution of root activity and senescence of flag leaf in wheat plant from 1996 to 1998.The result shows that deep tillage (cut off some roots) can improve the mass root activity significantly at late development stage,and increase root activity remarkably in deeper soil horizon, which leads to delayed senescence of plant organs above ground and increases in grain yield.


Title: Are you more inclined to buy a magazine if it is scented? – A study about if a scented magazine can increase the customer's purchase intention

Seminar date: 2014-01-16

Course: FEKH29, Degree Project in Marketing, Undergraduate Level, 15 ECTS

Authors: Sarah Brunow, Matilda Gustavsson Dock, Caroline Nilsson

Advisor: Clara Gustafsson

Key words: Scent marketing, consumer behavior, attitude, purchase intention, fashion magazine

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if the purchase intention toward a printed magazine increases if the magazine is scented. With these results we will contribute to the science and research of consumer behavior.

Methodology: This thesis has a quantitative research strategy and a deductive base with inductive mixtures. Hypotheses have been formulated and have been confirmed or revised after an investigation by means of one experimental group and one control group.

Theoretical perspectives: By means of books and scientific articles, we have found theories that cover sensory marketing, attitude, purchase intention and the Stimulus-Organism-Response model (S-O-R model).

Empirical foundation: Our empirical foundation is based on 180 survey responses from female students at Lund University.

Conclusions: In this thesis we have concluded that a scented magazine produces an increase in purchase intention. By means of the insights we gained about attitude and purchase intention, we have submitted a theoretical contribution in the form of a supplement to the S-O-R model.


A fully depleted lean channel transistor (DELTA) with its gate incorporated into a new vertical ultra-thin SO1 structure is presented. In the deep-submicrometer region, se- lective oxidation produces and isolates an ultra-thin SO1 MOS- FET that has high crystalline quality, as good as that of con- ventional bulk single-crystal devices. Experiments and three- dimensional simulations have shown that this new gate struc- ture has effective channel control, and that the vertical ultra- thin SO1 structure provides superior device characteristics: re- duction in short-channel effects, minimized subthreshold swing, and high transconductance. ONVENTIONAL planar MOSFET's with LOCOS C isolation have certain merits: simple self-aligned fab- rication process, as well as the performance improvement that comes with scaling down the device feature size. Therefore, up to the present generation of devices, other structures were never considered to be of practical use. However, as MOSFET's are scaled down to the deep- submicrometer region (0.3-0.1 pm), device sizes and iso- lation lengths become approximately equal to the deple- tion layer widths. Since the depletion layers merge, short- channel effects, parasitic MOS effects, and device inter- actions become serious problems. Moreover, to reduce power consumption and to solve device reliability prob- lems, a low supply voltage is essential (l), (2). A low supply voltage requires special device characteristics in- cluding a low subthreshold voltage and a minimum subthreshold swing to maintain the ratio of on/off channel current. To eliminate these problems and provide superior per- formance, we believe a three-dimensional device struc- ture is attractive. Two different three-dimensional device structure concepts have been proposed as alternatives to scaling (3).


Two species of syrphid flies are reported for the first time in Argentina: the neotropical Rhingia nigra Macquart and exotic Eumerus obliquus (Fabricius). Individuals of both species were captured in the province of Misiones. Moreover, another individual of E. obliquus was reared from a decaying stem of Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Cactaceae) in the province of Tucumán. Finally, we report the presence of Eumerus strigatus (Fallén) in the province of Chubut, more than 400 km to southwest from its southernmost record.


IX. Description of purpose and goals: The committee discusses and recommends implementation of matriculation activities ranging from initial services to prospective and new students such as college applications and initial placement assessment to follow up services for continuing students such as educational planning and academic interventions. The committee monitors compliance of matriculation mandates as prescribed by the State Chancellors Office, Title 5 and Education Code and advises the Academic Senate on recommendations for policy changes when needed.


A review of the previous literature in relation to project management found that enterprises have promoted the use of Project-based Organizations (PBOs) models based on the extension of previous project management tools and grounded in linear relationships. In recent years, a number of management researchers have claimed that these linear relationship type for PBOs models are not adequate to manage the complex situations that are the essence of modern organizations. In order to examine their performance and identify which areas have to be improved, the present study will focus on a study of business excellence for PBOs and develop an instrument to evaluate the degree of excellence for this type of organizations. To achieve this research objective, the PBOs critical success factors are first reviewed and summarized. Then, a comparison between those critical success factors and the criteria in EFQM Business Excellence Model is then made for the development of the model and the instrument proposed in this study. Besides, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the use of the proposed instrument. The result showed it is useful in evaluating the degree of excellence for PBOs and identifying the areas for improvement.


The functional definition of archaeological artifacts is an important component in the reconstruction process of the economic, social, war and other life spheres of ancient people. This is especially true for societies that have left no written sources. The study aims at functional interpretation of the horn animal-style object based on a comprehensive analysis of the item. The item was found in the Early nomadic burial ground near the village Varna, in the mound of kurgan 2 (Chelyabinsk region, excavated by V. S. Stokolos). The artifact under study has been referred to in the archaeological literature as a "bone cheek-piece", "fang-pendant", or "horn" for many years. All these definitions raised certain doubts. The authors of the article revised the opinions suggested by scientists since the discovery of the object and then a different interpretation was proposed and proved. The article provides a detailed description of the morphology of the artifact. It made it possible to draw conclusions about its misinterpretation. The functional and visual characteristics of the object demonstrate, that the artefact was used as the horn top of some kind of staff, depicting feline predators. In the worldview of the nomadic communities of the Eurasian steppes in the 4th‒6th centuries BCE, the images of predators were considered as a symbol of power. Items of this kind could be markers of the high social status of the buried, and they possibly belonged to the ritual sphere.


INTRODUCTION Lipids in isolated form show polymorphism. Depending on the type of lipid and experimental conditions, different macromolecular aggregate structures are formed. For membrane lipids hydrated in excess water, under physiological conditions of ionic strength, pH and temperature, three major liquid-crystalline phases are observed. These are: the lamellar phase, the inverted (type II) hexagonal phase (Fig. 1), and the normal (type I) micellar phase. The shape-structure concept of lipid polymorphism as originally proposed by Israelachvili et al. (1976) and adapted by Cullis and De Kruijff (1979) explains remarkably well most of the current data on lipid polymorphism (Fig. 2). If the surface area in the head· group region matches that of the hydrocarbon region (such as in phosphatidylcholines) the molecule has an overall cylindrical shape and prefers to organize in extended bilayers. When the head group area exceeds the hydrocarbon area, as for instance in case of detergent-like lipids such as lysophosphatidylcholines, the molecule on average is cone shaped and prefers an organization with a convex (type I) surface curvature such as found in micelles or in the related normal (type I) hexagonal phase occurring for these lipids at low water content. Phosphatidylethanolamines are key representatives of the opposite case of an excess hydrocarbon area. This results in the concave (type II) surface curvature as found in the Hll phase. Head group hydration and interand intramolecular interactions are important determinants for the shape of the lipid molecules in the shape-structure concept. The strictly regulated (Goldfme et al., 1987; Wieslander et al., 1981) presence of large amounts of type II lipids (lipids which in hydration prefer to organize in type II structures) and their abundance in virtually all biomembranes suggests important structural and functional roles for these types of lipids.


I read with interest Sutter and Kaplan's study on the clinical and radiological association of triphasic waves (TWs) in patients with acute encephalopathy [1]. The presence of TWs in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in the setting of a diffusely slow background (theta and delta frequency slowing) is thought to be suggestive of a metabolic-toxic cause of cerebral dysfunction. I have seen these waveforms wax and wane when reviewing continuous EEG recordings of critically ill patients in medical, surgical and neurological intensive care units. At times the record shows bursts of typical triphasic morphology waveforms lasting at times for a few minutes only to be interspersed with long segments where only diffuse background slowing is present. The same patient's EEG record may be free of TWs on day 1 only to demonstrate florid TWs a day later. Triphasic waves probably occur due to dynamic interplay between various intrinsic factors (age, grade of encephalopathy as assessed by the Glasgow coma scale, metabolic factors such as electrolyte imbalance, degree of derangement of hepatic and renal functions as measured by level of hepatic enzymes, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and underlying pre-existing cerebral atrophy and white matter disease). Thus TWs are more likely to be seen in the EEG records of some 'more' vulnerable encephalopathic patients compared with others.


A first estimation means estimates the number and directions of sound sources, on the basis of vectors having input signals as components, said input signals being audio from each sound source that is gathered by a plurality of microphones and converted to a time frequency region. A signal calibration means specifies the sound source nearest to each microphone on the basis of the number and directions of the sound sources as estimated by the first estimation means, computes the volume that is inputted into each microphone based on the sound signal emitted from each sound source, and calibrates the input signals such that the volumes are uniform. A second estimation means estimates the number and directions of the sound sources on the basis of the calibrated input signals, and sorts talkers on the basis of the estimated sound source directions.


Iron status has been linked with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the role of hepatic steatosis or iron overload on these associations remains uncertain.


The 2.5D interconnect modeling methodologies are investigated in this work. 3D models of silicon interposer with various port settings are discussed and compared with 2D model. With preferred port setting and modeling methodology, the 2D model and 3D model show good correlation in the die to die interconnect model, with less than 5% difference for resistance and capacitance. 3D model gives more realistic inductance which is about 30% to 40% worse than the 2D model. Example designs of 3-layer silicon interposer with different inter layer distance and line configurations (staggered vs. stacked) are presented to show how the geometry variation affects field distribution and crosstalk. The staggered layer to layer line routing and stacked routing configurations show similar resistance, self-inductance, capacitance and aggregated crosstalk results, while the crosstalk distribution is different. 3D modeling of via break out region with non-ideal ground path is also studied here, in order to understand the crosstalk contribution from the line and from the via. The overall modeling and design process described in this paper are aimed to provide a guidance on model and port setting, and to determine physical design trade off for high I/O density 2.5D interconnect design.


The tiebacks were used in conjunction with soldier piles and lagging to support the vertical-walled excavation for the Operations Control Center Building of the Washington Metropolitan Area's rapid transit system (Metro). Utilizing wire-strand tendons, the tiebacks were anchored in terrace deposits of clay and sand. Practical testing procedures which were developed on the job to ensure system's safety, while permitting timely execution of the work, are examined in detail. An evaluation is made of three methods used to install tiebacks during the course of construction. Horizontal and vertical movements of soldier piles in each of the four walls are analyzed and depicted graphically, such that movement, type of material, and construction activity can be correlated. Emphasis is place on the importance of establishing a system to monitor the performance of tied-back walls during and after excavation.


Some Feynman-diagram models are presented which lead to a natural framework for discussions of the kinematic properties of Regge poles. The models do not require an infinite number of recurrences of a trajectory. The basic property of the Feynman prescriptions that is useful here is the fact that the analyticity properties of the amplitude are preserved at all stages of the calculation. The coupling of particles with integer spin to Regge trajectories is discussed in detail. These models allow one to consider various aspects of ghose-killing mechanisms and to clarify the kinematic properties, especially the kinematic singularities, of Regge residues. The extension of the discussion to the coupling of two Regge trajectories to a physical particle is carried out and applied to the multiple-Regge model of production amplitudes. Some experimental consequences of these models are briefly explored for particle production.


The process of data mining comprises of seven major steps: (1) data integration, (2) data transformation, (3) data cleaning, (4) data selection, (5) pattern extraction or knowledge mining, (6) pattern evaluation, and (7) knowledge presentation. Steps 1 to 4 are pre-data mining, whereas steps 6 and 7 may be viewed as post-data mining. Therefore, the seven major steps can be grouped into pre-data mining, mining, and post-data mining. We focus our study on the post-data mining processing. Most data mining systems finish their processing at the knowledge presentation step. Our work further the regular post-data mining processing to the step of automatic knowledge deployment. This paper illustrates the knowledge deployment step in which its input is the induced knowledge, in the formalism of classification rules. These rules are evaluated and filtered on the basis of coverage measurement, that is from all the training cases, how many cases are covered by the rule. High coverage rules are transformed into decision rules to be used by the inference engine of the expert system. This post-data mining processing leads to a new design of the next generation rule-based expert system in a medical domain. It is a new idea in that in addition to the set of predefined rules in the knowledge base, the system includes rules that are automatically induced from the database instances. We design the inductive expert system such that the inductive process has been done through the tree-based knowledge discovery technique. Probabilistic decision rules are then transformed from the induced decision tree. The induced, as well as predefined, rules together form a knowledge base for the inductive expert system. Another feature of our system is the inference engine that can be created automatically. The system is intended to support decision making in biomedical informatics. The accuracy of recommendation given by the expert system is evaluated and compared to other three classification systems: decision-tree induction, rule induction, and neural network. The experimental results confirm the high accuracy of our inductive expert system and the automatically created knowledge base.


The aim was to apply vacuum cooling technique to the cooling of the leafy lettuce and study the quality changes for different cooling methods and storage condition. It was showed that the post-harvest quality of leaf lettuce was remarkably improved by spraying CaCl2(0.5%)solution before vacuum cooling and then storing at low temperature. Compared with vacuum cooling without water or solution spraying and conventional storage,spraying CaCl2(0.5%)solution before vacuum cooling and storing at 6℃ prolong the shelf life,slow down the loss of weight,chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content of the leafy lettuce.


Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that gradually destroys brain function. Symptoms of the disease include cognitive deterioration involving memory, language, praxis, higher executive functioning and behavioral changes. In the United States, 4 million patients are afflicted with the disease, with direct and indirect costs for the disease approaching 100 billion dollars annually. The disease is age related with the prevalence of 3.0 percent at age 65, approaching 50 percent by age 85 years and leveling off at 40 percent by age 95. As the population ages, increased numbers of people will develop Alzheimer's disease. Cautious optimism stems from the recent availability of cholinesterase inhibitors that may slow down the progression of this terrible disease, but much more research is required before the disease can be arrested or reversed or those at risk for the disease can be reliably identified and prevented from developing it.


We are unable to interface with reality as it is. Everything that encompasses our understanding of reality and ourselves—from our physical perceptions to our memories—are subject to innate flaws that make a complete grasp of reality impossible. an echo from the living room is invested in the idea that reality itself is malleable, taking influence from altered states of reality such as dreams, nightmares, and memory. Drawing from the personal experiences of recurring nightmares and living in a haunted house, as well film, the uncanny, and the multiple, an echo from the living room strives to create space for these kinds of experiences in waking life. Through altered found objects, sculpture, prints, video, audio, light, and interferences with the space, the exhibition takes the form of a series of shifting 'echoes' responding to itself and the space it inhabits, prioritizing and exploring these experiences deemed as 'lesser,' with the goal that doing so will allow for a more rounded understanding of reality as a whole.


The Rho small GTPase regulates myosin II activity through the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain (MLC) by activating Rho‐kinase, which is a target of Rho. Several lines of evidence point to an important role of Rho in the action of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and thrombin in provoking neurite retraction in N1E‐115 neuroblastoma cells.


This paper details a partial order semantics for families of scenarios represented by High-Level Message Sequence Charts (HMSCs): graph grammars generating event structures are used to represent HMSCs. A decision procedure for HMSC equivalence is then described. This can be considered as a first step towards the formal manipulation of scenarios.


Neuronal network dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is seen for instance as neuronal hyperexcitability, a disturbance of excitation/inhibition balance and altered oscillatory activity and synchrony, both in patients and in mouse models of AD. The causes and functional implications of these network alterations are currently only starting to be revealed.


Single-mode channel waveguides at short visible wavelengths have been fabricated in KTiOPO/sub 4/ by Rb/spl rlhar2/K ion exchange in mixed melts of RbNO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/-Ba(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/. The technological parameters have been chosen by means of theoretical WKB- and "effective index" calculations concerning the singlemode region of the effective channel waveguide index N/sub 00/ at the given wavelength. Great diffusion anisotropy and small dispersion of the surface refractive index change guarantee singlemode operation of the very same channel waveguide from the blue up to the red. Typical attenuation of about 2.0 dB/cm for TM- and 1.5 dB/cm for TE polarization was obtained at /spl lambda/=0.5145 /spl mu/m. Light-induced refractive index changes (photorefractive effect) have been determined as a function of time, wavelength, guided optical mode intensity and temperature. The light-induced effects in Rb/spl rlhar2/K ion-exchanged channel waveguides in KTiOPO/sub 4/ are about two orders of magnitude smaller than those in annealed proton-exchanged channel waveguides in LiNbO/sub 3/. Electrooptic phase modulators have been successfully investigated concerning dynamic V/sub /spl pi// measurements, the electric-optical field overlap and dc-drift phenomena. Design, fabrication and experimental results of integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder-interferometer modulators for short visible wavelengths are presented. >


For practical convenience reasons, survey datasets are often disseminated to both internal and external secondary users with imputed values in place of the missing observations that occur during the data collection and processing stages. However, the released dataset generally leads to incorrect analyses if standard complete-data methods are applied directly without taking into account the imputation models. To alleviate this problem the survey statistician may, firstly, obtain some key results in any manner that is considered appropriate, and, secondly, calibrate the disseminated data so that these results can be reproduced by relevant standard complete-data procedures. In this paper, we discuss an approach that allows us to control both the firstand second-order properties of the imputed data and can be applied to complex surveys. We illustrate the implementation of the proposed approach with a numerical example.


The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently evaluated a commercially available borehole radar to detect targets hidden underground. The goal of the experiment is to demonstrate the feasibility of the borehole radar coupled with ARL's signal and image processing techniques to penetrate various geophysical media for target detection. In this paper, we briefly describe the commercial ultra-wideband borehole radar used in the experiment. A conventional technique to provide the attenuation and velocity maps of the underground area between two holes is called tomography. It requires separate probes for the transmitter and the receiver for the measurement, and generally is more time consuming and laborious. Another technique known as reflection is also widely used. In this mode, the transmitter and receiver travel together as one single unit in one hole to measure the reflection data from surrounding clutter and underground targets. Although this mode is much simpler to operate than tomography, the resulting image has inferior resolution in the cross-range (depth) direction. In our experiment we employ this reflection mode, where a small cylindrical metal target is placed in one hole while the radar (both transmitter and receiver) travels in another hole to measure the target return. To improve the poor cross-range resolution associated with the reflection raw data image, we apply the backprojection image formation algorithm that is commonly used in synthetic aperture radar to form high resolution 2D images. We present the resulting images of background (without target) and with target, and show that the underground target can be easily detected using change detection technique. This paper also compares the measured data with the electromagnetic model prediction of the same target.


Here we present the first draft genome of the black ant Lasius niger and it's comparative analysis with previously published hymenopteran genomes, including Acromyrmex echinatior, Camponotus floridanus, Harpegnathos saltator, Solenopsis invicta and others. The black garden ant is characterized by extreme tolerance to urbanization and remains one of the rare entomofauna cases, successful in urban environment. We have sequenced Lasius niger genome using Illumina HiSeq. Comparative ant genomics allowed us to detect specific characteristics of L.niger detoxication, stress and DRR gene sets probably explaining black garden ant talent in overcoming numerous urbanization-associated effects: habitat and community destruction, high level of chemical, thermal and light pollution.


The sustainable energy souces have become predominant in many countries due to its increasing transportation demands. Additionally, sustainable power sources are endless, clean and they can be utilized as a part of decentralized way.. the method put forward in the paper explores the cost and size advancement display for sun oriented based power framework exhibit with Electric Renewable (HOMER) programming optimized with the hybrid power. We display sustainable power framework contain sun oriented, and diesel control age with battery stockpiling at NasiK, Maharashtra, India. A framework is composed in view of site observational climate and load information. We upgrade an issue to limit sums up to the actual cost , working as well as running expense of the sustainable energy source framework for the load 10 kW.


Hydrogen production from thermochemical conversion has been considered the most promising technology for the use of biomass, and some novel methods are also being developed for low cost and high efficiency.


This research is based on the phenomenon that the leader of STISIPOL Imam Bonjol Padang as a leader of the university is suspected of having weaknesses in the management of his institution both administratively and academically. This condition is a problem that must be overcome in anticipation of a better situation considering that educational institutions are producers of human resources. The research method is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected using triangulation techniques through field observations, interviews and documentation studies, sampling techniques with purposive snowball sampling. The results show that the weakness of the leadership can be seen from the level of education and the lack of initiatives needed for the development of high schools, it is necessary to increase communication skills, literacy, and organizational understanding to increase the effectiveness of leadership functions for institutions and a good academic culture for all academicians


Student discipline and the ineffectiveness of out-of-school suspension is examined in light of the Ontario (Canada) legislative reform that supported a greater emphasis on progressive discipline alternatives to out-of-school suspension. Alternative discipline herein is explored via the behavior education plan, the school survival group, and conflict resolution training. As well, the need for alternative learning programs and school centers has been illuminated within a positive discipline mode, which may include various programs, advisory centers, as well as behaviorist and diagnostic approaches.


This talk builds on more than 14 years of deep engagements and in-the-wild deployments of mobile technologies within a community of blind people. It makes the case for pervasive assistive technology researchers to be experts in their areas of study: people, and then, technology to serve and empower people.


Altmetrics or alternative metrics is a new kind of metrics originated at 2010 aiming at complimenting the traditional metrics. Altmetrics can provide a better view on the influvance of research or the reach of research on people. The major objective of the study was to identify the correlation between altmetrics score and citation. For this altmetrics data and citations for the articles on "Ebola" disease published in PLOS ONE journal during the years 2010-2015 were collected. The correlation between the altmetrics scores like saves, views, Mendeley and twitter are compared with bibliometric score citation. The result shows that all the altmetric scores except twitter have good correlation with traditional bibliometric citation.


On 31 Nay 1999, the first section of the world's most ambitious new freight railway, the 5000km Ferronorte, opened in Brazil. Another section is due for completion in August 1999, and it is hoped to have 800km operating in time for the soya harvest in 2001. This article describes this project and includes a route map. In August 1992, work began on the first section, which is 311km long. The subsequent rate of progress will depend partly on how much financing can be obtained. The line will serve an area of rapidly increasing soya production, and its terminals will have large storage silos. The region to be served by the line now produces 29% of Brazil's soya output, and 45% of the national rise in soya output. Thus the railway should be very profitable. The line's first train had 120 wagons, each with 120t capacity, hauled by four locomotives. The normal trains will be 90 wagons hauled by two locomotives. Ferronorte is single track with 3km long passing loops and radio despatching, has broad (1600m) gauge, and is being built to high standards. Ferroban, which is linked to Ferronorte, has agreed to upgrade its main line to the port of Santos.


It is shown that in the case of dipoles located in one sublattice (divalent impurity with compensating vacancy), or its complexes, diffuse scattering very near to the Bragg reflections is determined only by short range non-Coulomb forces affecting the lattice by the defect; in the case of dipoles in different sublattices (divacancies) or their complexes, the electrostatic forces also make a contribution to the amplitude of scattering, Strong compensation of contributions of this forces in the range near the Bragg reflection causes low cross-section of scattering by divacancies and their complexes, in comparison with the cross-sections by vacancies and divalent impurities with vacancies. In the case of the diffuse scattering far away from the Bragg reflection the cross-sections of the same defects have a comparable value. The amplitude of near-to-Bragg-reflection scattering on clusters is proportional to the number of dipoles in the cluster.

[Russian Text Ignored].


The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has long been of interest in relation to its many energy applications and interesting multi-pathway mechanisms. The ORR is a key reaction in a range of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, such as hydrogen fuel cells and metal-air batteries, respectively. These devices are expected to play an ever-increasing role in the global transition to net zero emissions. Metal-air batteries, such as Zn/air batteries, can operate at room temperature, use recyclable materials, are environmentally friendly, and are preferred in relation to consumer safety than batteries relying on organic solvents and reactive electrode species.1 High rates of the ORR are crucial for the development of high performance Zn/air batteries and catalysts play a significant role, with lowering of the catalyst cost also of increasing importance.
 The costs of conventional Pt-based ORR catalysts are high. Therefore, metal-free carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts are viewed as increasingly promising alternatives, especially as they are lower in cost due to the availability of the precursor materials. Carbon is also a good electrical conductor and support material, is chemically stable, and can have large surface areas. However, the ORR kinetics are sluggish on carbon and chemical and physical modifications are required to enhance its activity. In typical Zn/air batteries, the ORR occurs at the three-phase boundary (TPB) formed between the solid electrode, liquid electrolyte, and gaseous oxygen. The porosity of the catalyst layer, the wettability of the catalyst/electrolyte interface, and the gas permeability and hydrophobicity of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are thus also important, significantly influencing the cathode performance and durability. The catalyst layer (CL) must therefore be constructed with both a high-performance catalyst and an optimized TPB length to provide high performance without compromising durability.
 In the current work, we have doped nitrogen into the lattice of a family of nanoporous colloid imprinted carbon (CIC) powders to increase its ORR activity. The CICs are unique for their versatility in terms of pore size control and ease of surface functionalization.2 Pore sizes in the range of 12 to 100 nm were examined and their effect on the ORR activity and mass transport limitations were investigated. To carry out N-doping, the CICs were exposed to ammonia at 800 ˚C for 7 hr. Catalyst inks were then prepared by mixing the CICs with a binder in an isopropyl alcohol/water solution. Aliquots of the ink were drop-casted on the disc of an RRDE system, or were spray coated or drop-casted on a GDL to determine the ORR performance in an in-house Zn/air battery testing cell, with the N-doped CIC catalyst layer sandwiched between an electrolyte chamber and a graphite current collector. In this setup, O2 gas was flowed through the pores in the GDL to the catalyst/electrolyte interface, a Zn wire installed in the electrolyte chamber was used as the reference electrode, and a Ni sponge was used as the counter electrode.
 The RRDE experiments showed that, after N doping of the CIC powders, the production of peroxide decreased significantly and the ORR onset potential increased to a very respectable value of ca. 0.9 V vs RHE, indicating the successful activation of the ORR. Electron transfer numbers were found to be greater than 3.5, indicating that either a direct or pseudo- 4 electron transfer ORR pathway is dominant. In agreement with the literature, the ORR currents in the kinetic regions increased linearly with mass loading, expected to be proportional to the total active N-doped CIC surface area.3 The N-doped CIC samples retained excellent performance up to a loading of 0.350 μg/cm2 without losing mechanical stability.
 Similar N-doped CICs and binders of different hydrophobicity were tested in the Zn/air battery testing system. Electrodes made with a hydrophobic NCS microporous layer (MPL) showed much better ORR performance and durability than hydrophilic NCS MPLs. Although electrodes made using hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the binder in the catalyst layer showed a similar initial performance to those made using hydrophilic Nafion binders, the PTFE based electrodes exhibited better durability. Furthermore, the temperature and pressure used during electrode fabrication were also found to have a significant impact on the binder distribution and ORR performance. Once optimized, a very good correlation was obtained between the N-doped CIC catalyst performance in the RRDE setup and in the Zn/air battery testing system.

 References

 J. Pan et al., Adv. Sci., 5, 1700691 (2018).

 X. Li et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 10, 2130–2142 (2018).

 N. Gavrilov et al., J. Power Sources, 220, 306–316 (2012).


Curriculum is an essential part of education. It has two functions in education, that are to realize the vision of education as well as become the reference of the implementation of education. Because of the importance of curriculum, school as an institution that manages the process of education must carry out curriculum planning that can be perceived by the teachers so that it can be implemented in the teaching and learning process. The objective of this research was to analyze the curriculum planning based on the importance and performance by Importance Performance Analysis. The data collection was done by random questionnaire given to 30 teachers in an elementary school, SD Islam dan Leadership Bintang Cendekia. From this research, it was found 8 very satisfying important attributes, 4 poor important attributes, and 6 poor unimportant attributes, and 2 very satisfying unimportant attributes.  Keywords: Analysis of planning, curriculum, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).


Seepage in the roof is one of main reasons resulting softening rock and roadway deformation, in order to make sure about the influence of seepage on the roadway stability, we established corresponding models by using numerical simulation software, and analyzed the stress distribution, the deformation of surrounding rock, and the distribution range and shape of the plastic zone, the results show that water is one of the key factors to influence the stability of roadway, seepage makes the strength of surrounding rock sharply reduce, and the roof, two ribs and floor appear serious deformation.


Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a protease that activates the NLRP1b inflammasome sensor in certain rodent strains. Unlike better‐studied sensors, relatively little is known about the priming requirements for NLRP1b. In this study, we investigate the rapid and striking priming‐independent LT‐induced release of IL‐1β in mice within hours of toxin challenge. We find IL‐1β release to be a NLRP1b‐ and caspase‐1‐dependent, NLRP3 and caspase‐11‐independent event that requires both neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminiase‐4 (PAD4) activity. The simultaneous LT‐induced IL‐18 response is neutrophil‐independent. Bone marrow reconstitution experiments in mice show toxin‐induced IL‐1β originates from hematopoietic cells. LT treatment of neutrophils in vitro did not induce IL‐1β, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), or pyroptosis. Although platelets interact closely with neutrophils and are also a potential source of IL‐1β, they were unable to bind or endocytose LT and did not secrete IL‐1β in response to the toxin. LT‐treated mice had higher levels of cell‐free DNA and HMGB1 in circulation than PBS‐treated controls, and treatment of mice with recombinant DNase reduced the neutrophil‐ and NLRP1‐dependent IL‐1β release. DNA sensor AIM2 deficiency, however, did not impact IL‐1β release. These data, in combination with the findings on PAD4, suggest a possible role for in vivo NETs or cell‐free DNA in cytokine induction in response to LT challenge. Our findings suggest a complex interaction of events and/or mediators in LT‐treated mice with the neutrophil as a central player in induction of a profound and rapid inflammatory response to toxin.


The design of structural components in low-cycle fatigue field often requires the knowledge of the cyclic properties of the material, which are commonly described by the classical relation of Ramberg-Osgood. In order to obtain the cyclic curve using experimental data from incremental step tests, four methodologies are described and critically discussed. Three methods differ in the procedure of evaluation of the elastic modulus, while in the last one the experimental data are interpolated with a single non-linear regression. The various techniques were applied to data obtained from tests carried out on stainless steel specimens, and the resulting differences were analysed and quantified. An average behaviour was evaluated considering the total set of data obtained from experimental tests. The choice of the most suitable method is related to both the strain range of interest and the goal for which the results are used.


the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, imperialists used the theory of European, or 'white', racial superiority over 'black' peoples to justify Britain's acquisition and retention of an empire. In the Victorian world-view, physical attributes and cultural achievements divided races into a hierarchy with Anglo-Saxons at the top in the political role of 'parents', and Asians and Africans, being 'children', at the bottom. After the First World War, racial attitudes changed as scientific opinion and political realities undermined the British Empire's racial foundations. Despite Paul Rich's claim that the 'outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 ushered in a new era in British race relations',1 longheld racial prejudices and stereotypes continued, nonetheless, to influence Britain's attitude towards its black colonial troops, especially West Indians. Studies of the war service of West Indians whether of the West India


The utility model relates to a flowerpot capable of directly watering and fertilizing a root system at the bottom of a plant. The flowerpot comprises a flowerpot body. An open hole is formed in the bottom side of the flowerpot body and is communicated with a water inlet pipe on the outer side. The water inlet pipe penetrates the open hole to extend into the flowerpot body by a distance as same as 10-30% of the height of the whole flowerpot body, and a pressure pump is arranged at the other end of the water inlet pipe to pump water and fertilizer into the flowerpot body. The water and the fertilizer can be directly fed into the plant root system in need of nutrition by the water inlet pipe, and thus, water and fertilizer waste is reduced substantially; the flowerpot has the advantages of economization and environmental protection, convenience in use, good effect and the like.


This paper presents a generalized structure of intelligent control with signal processing, associative memories and learning, etc. based on the fundamentals, architectures and functions of math-model control systems. The generalized structure proposed may unify various intelligent control systems, e.g., fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic and rule based systems. The structure properties of intelligent control systems, such as controllability, observability and robustness are also investigated. Finally, the applications issues of intelligent controls are discussed.


Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) has participated in the Universitas Indonesia (UI) GreenMetric World University Rankings since 2013. It attempts to pursue campus sustainability programs and policies. The rankings is broadly based on the frameworks of environment, economy, and equity. The measurement criteria are divided into six categories with different point weighting i.e. setting and infrastructure, energy and climate change, waste, water, transportation, and education. These criteria heavily and directly involve the tasks and responsibilities of SUT's the Division of Buildings and Ground. A lot of environmental challenges in civil engineering and infrastructure works need to be achieved. The results of this year self-assessment show that although the university is in the developing stage, it can preserve both natural and planted forests more than 90%. It takes seriously role in green initiative by contributing 30% of total budget on sustainable efforts each year. It receives four national awards in the recognition of energy conservation initiative for green buildings. The university establishes the Integrated Solid Waste Management Plant (ISWM Plant) based on mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) which turns general wastes into valuable and sellable refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Moreover, these sustainable movements are in the continuous improvement process.


The authors have recently reported on the observation of an oscillatory behavior during mild methanol oxidation on a silica-supported molybdenum catalyst (1). This unusual behavior in mild oxidation on oxide catalysts is nevertheless well known for CO total oxidation on platinum or palladium catalysts (2-5). The oscillatory behavior appears as a periodic or nonperiodic (chaotic) variation in the reaction rate and selectivities, although the external conditions of the reaction (oven reactor temperature, flow rate, and feed composition) are constant. This phenomenon was extensively studied for total oxidation reactions occurring on metallic catalysts (5) and comparatively, only a few number of examples of mild oxidation reaction on oxide catalysts are reported in the literature (6-9). Nevertheless, the diversity of the catalytic reactions showing an oscillatory behavior suggests that this phenomena is rather common in the complex system formed by catalyst, products, and reactants. The authors here on the study of an oscillatory behavior observed during methanol oxidation on a calcium molybdate catalyst supported on silica. 21 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.


Production optimization ensures that wells and facilities are operating at their peak performance at all times to maximize production. Frequent changes in well and surface equipment down time, maintenance work, evolving reservoir conditions etc. usually make it impossible for the team to keep the asset tuned for optimal operating conditions. The current manual production optimization approaches are both time consuming and error prone due to the complexity and large volume of data that have to be considered. In the present work, several tasks and processes have been streamlined and automated with effective linkages to achieve a near real time optimization. The measure–calculate-control cycle is implemented every twenty-four hours, a procedure which maintains the system at optimal operating conditions almost all the time. Used on a daily basis to manage mature assets and make operational decisions, the system integrates production data management and reservoir modeling with transient pressure analysis, well modeling, and surface network modeling optimization. A sequential non-linear programming solver is used to optimize hundreds of critical parameters. A multi-disciplinary team approach has been used to implement the process of production optimization using Internet, computer network, communication links, timely team meetings and corporate database. The focus has been on reducing the cycle time for conversion of data to information, decisions, and actions by developing an appropriate system. The benefits of optimization are significant. Gains include a moderate improvement in uptime, along with a significant improvement in produced volume and overall reduction of lifting and operating costs. Introduction Greater Burgan Field of Kuwait has nearly six decades of production history. It is currently on production through 14 Gathering Centers (GCs), over 800 wells, and more than 1400 completions. In the present work, one of the Gathering Centers was chosen to develop, test, and implement an integrated approach to production optimization. Gathering center I (GC-I) is currently producing @120 Mbopd with 56 open completions in 48 wells. The completions are distributed in five different reservoirs, namely Wara sand, Mauddud (carbonate), third sand upper, middle, and lower sand in the increasing order of depth. The depth varies from -3500 ftss to 4471 ftss, which is the original oil water contact (OOWC). The stratigraphic column of Greater Burgan is shown in Figure 1. The number of completions in each reservoir is shown in Figure 2a. There are four reservoir units in the Burgan Formation: Third Sand Upper (3SU), Third Sand Middle (3SM), Third Sand Lower (3SL), and Fourth Sand (4S). The Wara and Burgan reservoir units have the same original oil-water contact. The 3SM and 4S reservoirs are mostly massive sandstone reservoirs, whereas the Wara, 3SU, and 3SL are interbedded sandstone and shale. However, the third sand middle contributes the major bulk of production (nearly 87%) with 44 completions (Figure 2b). The present work describes the process of managing facilities, wells, surveillance, and well work with a series of automated tasks, data validation, data analysis, reservoir models, and optimization solver to achieve production optimization of GC-I (Figure 3). Figure 1. Greater Burgan stratigraphic column. Figure 2. a. Gather center I (GC-I) completion by reservoir. b. Oil production rate, bopd.


The paper discusses the importance of physical basis and level of complexity in ecohydrological models at the catchment scale, their spatial structure and temporal resolution, and preconditions for regional applications of models of that kind. As an example, the process-based ecohydrological model SWIM developed for integrated modelling of interrelated hydrological processes, vegetation dynamics and nutrient cycling at the river basin scale is presented along with examples of its validation and a regional climate impact case study.


This paper introduces the control characteristics of pipeline all-position auto-welding machine.It utilizes line interpolation as well as cubic bending moment constructed cubic B-sample interpolation arithmetic to subdivide object point in order to obtain smooth movement curve.Furthermore,it supplys the relation which is available for space position parameter Real-time operation and make use of PID arithmetic to adjust in the process of movement during which all welding control parameters may not only be revised in line but also insure that the circle space position parameters transit steadly to meet the design demands,such as high speed and welding stabilization etc..


To predict the of Earth system dynamics, observations of the vadose zone structure and water content are of vital interest. A suited measurement technique is ground penetrating radar (GPR). In this dissertation, the constructive inversion of surface GPR data is introduced. It relies on a parameterized model of the subsurface structure and distribution of dielectric permittivity. With it, GPR measurements are simulated by numerically solving Maxwell's equations. After detecting signals in the measured and simulated data, the residuals of the signals' traveltime and amplitude is iteratively minimized to estimate the subsurface parameters. Then, water content is computed from dielectric permittivity. The method was applied to measurements obtained on a testbed, providing ground-truth data. A comparison with the estimation results showed an agreement for the structure within ±5 cm and for the water content, a difference less than 2 % vol. A further evaluation of field data demonstrated the method's applicability, when representing structure and permittivity by spline functions. Additionally a time-series was evaluated with assuming a constant structure, which enabled to interpret water dynamics. Besides providing accurate information on water content distribution and subsurface structure, the method allows the future attempt to estimate hydraulic properties.


SUMMARYMeiosis and fertilization in spawned eggs of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, are of the normal type found in the large majority of the metazoa and higher plants. Various deviations from the regular sequence of these events were not infrequent, however, in oyster eggs examined in this study. Meiosis and fertilization can be cytogenetically followed critically in these eggs, which, consequently, offer many opportunities for experimental manipulation of the genetic material.


This research introduces a novel technique for capturing binaural signals for objective evaluation of spatial impression; the technique allows for simulation of the head movement that is typical in a range of listening activities. A subjective listening test showed that the amount of head movement made was larger when listeners were rating perceived source width and envelopment than when rating source direction and timbre, and that the locus of ear positions corresponding to the pattern of head movement formed a bounded sloped path – higher towards the rear and lower towards the front. Based on these findings, a signal capture system was designed comprising a sphere with multiple microphones, mounted on a torso. Evaluation of its performance showed that a perceptual model incorporating this capture system is capable of perceptually accurate prediction of source direction based on interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD), and of spatial impression based on interaural cross-correlation coefficient (IACC). Investigation into appropriate parameter derivation and interpolation techniques determined that 21 pairs of spaced microphones were sufficient to measure ITD, ILD and IACC across the sloped range of ear positions.


Background: To compare the predictive power between radiomics and non-radiomics (conventional imaging and functional imaging methods) for preoperative evaluation of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Comprehensive publications were screened in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Studies focusing on the discrimination values of imaging methods, including radiomics and non-radiomics methods, for MVI evaluation were included in our meta-analysis. Results: Thirty-three imaging studies with 5,462 cases, focusing on preoperative evaluation of MVI status in HCC, were included. The sensitivity and specificity of MVI prediction in HCC were 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–0.80; I2 = 70.7%] and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.76–0.81; I2 = 0.0%) for radiomics, respectively, and were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.71–0.75; I2 = 83.7%) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.80–0.83; I2 = 86.5%) for non-radiomics, respectively. The areas under the receiver operation curves for radiomics and non-radiomics to predict MVI status in HCC were 0.8550 and 0.8601, respectively, showing no significant difference. Conclusion: The imaging method is feasible to predict the MVI state of HCC. Radiomics method based on medical image data is a promising application in clinical practice and can provide quantifiable image features. With the help of these features, highly consistent prediction performance will be achieved in anticipation.


level can prevent a large proportion of these deaths. Objective: To assess the impact of training on knowledge and skill regarding newborn care among Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM). Methods: A total of 180 ANMs who attended skilled birth attendant training program under RCH were included in the study. The study was conducted over a period of 2 years from May 2013 to June 2015. A 14 training sessions each lasting for 15 days were conducted in 2 years and each session had a batch of 12-15 ANMs. They were assessed for the impact of training at the end of training on semi-structured and pretested schedule. Results: The knowledge of health workers related to the care of a newborn at birth was not adequate. An average of 94.8 ANMs responded correctly to pre-test questions whereas after training there was a significant improvement in the post-test score. After training an average of 160.5 ANMs (p=0.001) responded correctly. A mean of 84 ANMs had adequate knowledge related to danger signs in the neonatal period before training. After training significant number of ANMs (mean=156, p=0.002) responded correctly. Baseline knowledge related to feeding of the newborn was also inadequate (mean=120), but after training there was a significant improvement, 164 ANMs respond correctly (p=0.02). Conclusion: Knowledge of ANMs in the rural area regarding essential newborn care is inadequate. The training of health workers need to be remodeled and updated to improve neonatal outcome. Key words: Auxiliary nurse midwife, Newborn care, Skilled birth attendant.


Based on the statistics of high strain dynamic test and static load test of piles in Shenzhen Yantian phase 2,phase 3 container terminal project and Shekou phase 2 container terminal project,the bearing capactiy of large dinmeter open-end steel pipe piles on weathered rock is analyzed in this paper.


This article focuses on Indo-British interactions at the United Nations during 1945–47, a significant and hitherto overlooked episode of India's transition within the British Commonwealth from a colony to a dominion. In this twilight period of the British Raj, India sent its first delegations onto the international stage—forays that were critically received by London and subsequently employed to anticipate New Delhi's global role in post-1945 international affairs. The delegations' delicate composition, combative activities and difficult interactions with their British counterparts established the diplomatic implications of decolonisation for London. The focus of existing literature on India's international identity at this time has been on the formulation of Jawaharlal Nehru's non-aligned approach to the Cold War. This article, instead, concentrates on its presentation and reception. Secondly, the story of India's presence at the UN usually begins with the Korean War (1950–53). This article shows that in fact it was in 1946–47 that the first impressions of the country's independent foreign policy were given by an interim Indian government. Based on the papers of Frederick Puckle, advisor on Indian affairs at the British Embassy in Washington (1943–47) and of Vijayalakshmi Pandit, leader of India's UN delegation, and supplemented by relevant official records, oral histories and memoirs, the article presents an unheralded facet of India's emerging independent identity in this period of pre-Independence.


The measurement of the gravitational attraction of Schehallien by determining the deflection of a plumb line suspended near the mountain is described.


Scope of applica on of the new direc ve on package travel and linked travel arrangements from the perspec ve of polish law Th e purpose of that article is to analyze the scope of application of the new directive on package travel and linked travel arrangements. Th e new directive aims to modernise the rules on package travel currently contained in Directive 90/314/EEC, by increasing the protection of consumers purchasing online travel combinations. Th e inclusion of customised combinations of travel services, in particular those purchased on-line, in the scope of the new directive will change signifi cantly the scope of application of the protection off ered to travelers. It is estimated that the new directive will double the share of protected contracts from 23% to 46% in the EU travel market. New directive will increase legal certainty and transparency for both travellers and businesses, reduce consumer detriment associated with such combinations and ensure fairer competition between travel businesses. New directive will be based on full harmonisation, with a few limited exceptions where, because of diff erent legal traditions or approaches, Member States will be allowed to maintain diff erent solutions. Th e process of implementation of the new directive will be diffi cult because of the complexity of that legal text and its serious consequences for the whole tourism industry in Poland.


The invention discloses a multithreading web crawler method based on sort management and a real-time information updating system. The system comprises a page acquisition module, a page processing module, a modular mechanism module, a multithreading circulation module, a marked queue management module and a storage module. According to the system, the multithreading web crawler method is adopted and improved, the marking idea is introduced, threads after crawling are marked in a queue mode, and therefore the problem of mutual interference generated in the process of crawler circulation in a conventional multithreading method can be solved; modular mechanisms are adopted for collection of different types of information, so that dynamic increase and reduction of target files can be achieved, and maintenance and modification of the whole system are facilitated. The method well utilizes network bandwidth resources, improves the efficiency of network information collection, reduces interference in the process of multithreading crawling, and is especially suitable for solving the network crawling problem of the real-time information updating system.


DL-1, 2-propanediol (propylene glycol) has been recognized as an interesting substance for ruminant nutrition, since as shown by JOHNSON1), it is a glucogenic substance effective to the treatment of bovine ketosis. Concerning the utilization of 1, 2-propanediol by other experimental animals, considerable amounts of data 2-4) have been reported since 1901. Apparent adaptive metabolism of 1, 2-propanediol in growing rats was initially reported by HANZLIK et al.4) and recently confirmed by ITOH et al.5) EMERY et al.6) also suggested an adaptive metabolism in the ruminant. However, YOSHIDA et al.7) found no active adaptation in the chick. BAYLEY et al.8) found that up to 8% of propanediol could replace an equivalent amount of corn starch in the chick. In Japan 1, 2-propanediol from petroleum oil has drawn attention as a future energy source for poultry and other farm animals. In this paper feeding and digestion trials of the rations containing 1, 2-propanediol by the ruminant and the fate of 1, 2-propanediol administered into the rumens of preadapted and non-adapted goats were described.


Patients with type 2 diabetes display an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response during exercise. However, the mechanism(s) underlying this abnormal exercise BP is poorly understood. A previous study demonstrated that the increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity during post–exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) is significantly associated with glucose control and insulin resistance markers such as fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and hemoglobin model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in middle aged type 2 diabetic patients. To date, evidence supporting a similar relationship between the pressor response to exercise and insulin resistance–related factors in non–diabetic older adults remains to be elucidated. It was hypothesized that exercise BP is associated with insulin resistance–related factors in non–diabetic older adults.


Abstract : The Prehospital Fluid Conference was sponsored by the US Army Institute of Surgical Research and Combat Casualty Care Research, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Some 65 conferees were invited in January 2010 to review the contemporary guidelines on the use of fluid resuscitation in treating combat casualties, discuss the state of the art of fluid resuscitation for combat casualties, and answer the following questions: - Are current Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation guidelines optimal for today? - Which IV fluid should be the top priority for future research? - What are the current indications for fluid resuscitation in the combat trauma patient? - What is the current practice in tactical fluid resuscitation? The objective of this conference was to identify the fluid to be used by the prehospital provider and not to address the needs once definitive hemorrhage control has been achieved. The fluids to be used are those that will be carried into the field on the back of the combat medic or in the vehicle used to transport the medic or the patient (echelon 1 care). There are several definitions of these echelons of care (North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO], European forces, etc.). The definitions used in this document are those of the Joint Theater Trauma System. The use of role and echelon can be interchangeable depending on the country of origin, but the terms can vary significantly. Echelon, as used in many/most of Joint Theater Trauma System presentations will be used throughout this document to indicate a level of care facility (see Table 1). Although discussions focused on military needs, it was understood and accepted by the consensus group that many, if not all, of the recommendations could and would be used for civilian prehospital providers with appropriate situational modifications.


In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of how a physical robot can get an appropriate internal representation to its task and environment. Learning from experience is effective for the problem, but it is very time-consuming to learn a representation from the beginning in a real environment. On the other hand, the representation learned only in a simulated environment has the risk of not serving the purpose in a real environment because of the uncertainty in sensors, actuators, and the environment. In, order to have the best of both worlds, it is effective to transplant the learned state representation of a virtual agent to a physical robot. For this purpose., we improved our developed incremental learning architecture for use in the real environment and developed a new architecture, called STNS-R. In this architecture, inappropriate negative instances caused by uncertainties are found on the basis of the distribution of instances and removed in order to correct the distorted shapes of the states. The effectiveness of STNS-R is shown in the experimental results.


Abstract Six English‐Japanese and four Japanese‐English dictionaries were examined for difficulties they might present for the non‐Japanese user. Six features in the bilingual dictionaries were found to be lacking, namely, specificity‐generality discriminations, situational protocol cross‐references, honorific and colloquial language discriminations, loan word clarifications, cultural notes, and the romanization of all entries. Numerous examples of entries causing confusion are noted in each of the six categories. Correction by a notational system and the addition of situational and social variants is proposed.


By SVD of data matrix and optimum weight vector choose using the singular values and singular vectors,the eigenspace beamforming is carried out in this paper.The algorithm reduces the dimension of matrix computation and avoids the estimation of array covariance matrix.So the computation load and estimation error decrease heavily.The algorithm consists of SVD,signals' number and DOA estimation,and weight vector solution.The computer simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can form the beam and improve the array gain.


Rabindranath Tagore, as he is kown in the Western world, was the first Asian writer to win the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913; his creative ability was not only expressed in literature: he was also an artist and a great philosopher of education. His particular thoughts led him to concrete actions in founding the Shantiniketan School, which later on became the Visha Bharathi university.


Abstract The anti‐war movement of the 1960s against the Vietnam war has its roots in the collective experiences of the two world wars and the Great Depression. Parents of the worst period of scarcity in U.S. history gave birth to children raised during the most affluent age the country has ever known. Two world wars opened the doors of employment for blacks and women only to have those doors close shortly thereafter. Disillusionment over the results of the two wars brought a re‐examination of American values. Hiroshima and the Holocaust produced bomb scares and an arms race along with serious questions of Jim Crowism. Colonialism was doomed by World War II and African‐Americans were inspired to fight for their liberation also. The Baby Boom lead to megaversities, and alienating bureaucracies became insensitive to student needs. The Cold War and red scares at the end of both world wars gave birth to new questions about democracy and civil liberties. The wars and depression spawned a "beat generation" refus...


In this review we detail the impact of climate change on marine productivity, on marine environmental stochasticity and cyclicity, and on the spatio-temporal match-mismatch of seabirds and their prey. We thereby show that global warming has a profound bottom-up impact upon marine top-predators, but that such effects have to be studied in conjunction with the (top-down) impact of human fisheries upon seabird food resources. Further, we propose seabird ecological features, such as memory effects and social constraints, that make them particularly sensitive to rapid environmen- tal change. We provide examples of how seabirds may nonetheless adapt when facing the conse- quences of climate change. We conclude that our understanding of the spatial ecology of seabirds facing environmental change is still rudimentary, despite its relevance for the conservation of these vulnerable organisms and for the management of marine ecosystems. We define the following research priorities. (1) Determine the factors affecting seabird distribution and movements at sea using biotelemetry, as well as colony dynamics on land. (2) Link seabird distribution patterns to those of their prey. (3) Determine further the role of historical and metapopulation processes in contribut- ing to the dynamics of the spatial distribution of seabirds. (4) Assess phenotypic plasticity and the potential for microevolution within seabird spatial responses to climate change, since both will greatly affect the quality of modelling studies. (5) Adapt existing models to define and predict the impact of climate change onto seabird spatial dynamics. (6) Synthesize all gathered information to define marine protected areas and further conservation schemes, such as capacity reduction of fish- eries. This research effort will require maintaining existing long-term monitoring programmes for seabirds, as well as developing new approaches to permit the integration of processes occurring at various scales, in order to be able to fully track the population responses of these long-lived verte- brates to environmental changes. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Contribution to the Theme Section 'Spatiotemporal dynamics of seabirds in the marine environment' OPENEN


RPS17 is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit encoded by rps17 gene.To learn the structure characteristics of ribosomal protein S17 gene(rps17) of giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and understand its similarities to and differences from rps17 of human and other mammal species,we designed primers based on the known nucleotide sequence of ribosomal protein S17 gene(rps17).RT-PCR and PCR strategies were employed to successfully isolate cDNA and genome of rps17 from the giant panda.Sequence analysis indicated that the cDNA fragment cloned was 457 bp in length,containing an open reading frame(ORF) of 408 bp.The deduced protein was composed of 135 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 15.52×103 and PI of 10.26.The length of the structural gene sequence was 2 368 bp,which was found to possess 4 exons and 3 introns.Alignment analysis revealed 5 different patterns of functional sites: five protein kinase C phosphorylation sites,one casein kinase II phosphorylation site,one tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site;one N-myristoylation site and one ribosomal protein S17E signature site in the giant panda RPS17 protein.Alignment analysis also revealed that both nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were highly conserved in six other species,Homo sapiens,Bos taurus,Sus scrofa,Canis lupus familiaris,Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus;Moreover,the high-level structure of the RPS17 protein of the animals,except Rattus norvegicus,were consistent.


The anaesthetic effects of eugenol on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus(3.2 g±1.5 g)were tested at different concentrations and medicated bath times in the present study.The results showed that the anaesthetic induction period is(119.34±1.83)minutes at 12.00 mg/L of eugenol and shortened gradually to(4.01±0.28)minutes with the increase of eugenol concentrations up to 60.75 mg/L,while the awakening time prolonged significantly from(1.52±0.01)minutes to(8.15±0.04)minutes.Different medicated bath times influenced recovery time and rate as well.The recovery rate is 100% when fish were dipped in water containing eugenol at 12.00 mg/L,18.00 mg/L and 27.00 mg/L for 60,50 and 20 minutes,respectively,while the recovery rate is 50% when 40.50 mg/L and 60.75 mg/L of eugenol medicated baths were applied for 45 minutes and 5 minutes respectively.After a medicated bath for 10 minutes in water containing 60.75 mg/L of eugenol,the death rate reached 60%.The results indicated that when eugenol was used for channel catfish in the process of artificial breeding,it's necessary to control the dose and anaesthesia time of eugenol to reduce the death rate.


The experimental findings are reported from testing an innovative hybrid refrigeration cycle bringing together a single effect Lithium Bromide-Water refrigerator and a steam ejector and aimed at vacuum freezing an ice store. An experimental set-up was designed and fabricated in order to study the operational performance of the novel arrangement under different conditions. The novel system delivered desired results with the ice store frozen in useful time using solely low grade heat to power the cycle. The average COP of the freezing process is 0.24. Copyright , Manchester University Press.


A Line of Sight, non-directed transceiver system was designed and constructed. The transmitter is composed of two types of LEDs and are tilted at 60 degree(s) to achieve uniform light distribution up to 50 degrees across a plane. The receiver is composed of multiple silicon-pin-photodiodes, transimpedance amplifiers, bandpass filter and AGC, and has a half field of view of 60 degree. Software was written to design uniform distribution on a horizontal plane for non-directed line-of-sight system. Experimental testing was conducted in a room with size 3.4m x 5.1m x 2.6m and measured optical power shows close correspondence to the simulated power distribution. Non-return-to zero signal of certain test codes were transmitted at 34 Mbps, and collected signals indicate that the eye is widely open in the eye diagram.


PTHF and urea form a crystalline complex of the host-guest type with the stoechimetry [(CH 2 ) 4 O] 1.8 [urea] 6 and whose structure was established from three-dimensional X-ray data. The PTHF chain is in the trans conformation but there is a small twist of 24° about each bond so that the chain is coiled. The morphology of the crystals consists of hexagonal prisms for low M w . When M w increases, the crystals consist of stacks of hexagonal platelets.


The existed theory about financial innovation can't reveal the complexity in dynamic process of financial innovation and can't interprete the causes of their emergence.Self-organizing evolutionary theory has provided a good paradim to study financial innovation.It is found that openness and non-equilibrium are the basis of financial innovation and fluctuations in economic system are the incentives for financial innovation,competition and cooperation are the driving force for the evolution of financial innovation by uing self-organizing evolutionary theory.


Mezzogiorno took form under the combined pressures of western Eurocentrism, nationalism and bourgeoisification. The View from Vesuvius is, in a way, a history of the 'Southern Question' as a representation. But Moe does not limit his analysis to Italian political and cultural history and to attributing the 'authorship' of the negative representation either to Northern Italian or to Southern Italian elites, but places the Southern Question in the European framework. This is a perspective that historically and theoretically goes beyond the strictures of Risorgimento history and of the persistent dualism of Italian history. From the theoretical point of view Moe, drawing on Edward Said, examines the interconnections between geography—that is, spatiality—and culture—that is, representation. Moe's use of the concept of 'geographical imagination' leads us through the ways in which one geographical area (the 'North') has gradually elaborated the representation of another area (the 'South') in the process of dominating it. His analysis of European culture's transformations from the mid-eighteenth century to 1900 shows how this imagination was expressed in cultural representations: he examines the emergence of the cult of the picturesque in the late eighteenth century, its triumphs in the climate of Romantic populism and exoticism and its transformations in the decades of positivistic anthroposociologism. The book ends powerfully with a close textual analysis of Giovanni Verga's Sicilian works that Moe sees as a massive assault on the picturesque. My only objection to this superb book is that its 'view' is much more of Vesuvius than from Vesuvius. Moe's understandable infatuation with the work of Italy's greatest nineteenth-century poet, Giacomo Leopardi, who spent the last years of his short life in Naples, makes him choose Leopardi's placing Vesuvius here ('Here on the arid back/ Of the terrifying mountain/Vesuvius the exterminator. . .', 'La Ginestra', p. 123) as the determining perspective of his book. This operation is partially misleading, as the book talks mostly of the ways the South (Vesuvius) was viewed and conceptualized from the outside. To sum up, Moe examines the 'Southern Question' in a new light and places it, for the first time, in the European cultural context. He does it by drawing on a great variety of sources, from literary to anthropological, sociological and economic political treaties to travelogues, in a lovely narrative consciously free of literary critical jargon. In part, the primary material he uses is known to the Italian readership (less so to the English-language one), but the way of bringing it together is novel, original, provocative and eye-opening. In fact, this book, just translated into Italian, is already stirring a lively debate.


Thank you very much for reading out from under texts by women performance artists. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this out from under texts by women performance artists, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Cyclopolymerization methodology is unique because it uses a standard free radical polymerization that is free from the use of metal catalyzed chemistry while it still can provide the main chain cyclic structure. The feasibility and applicability have been examined previously, from which some of the potential opportunities have been revealed. Our initial research direction was aimed at developing robust etching resistant acrylic resins through cyclopolymerization. During the course of our investigation it came to our attention that there might be more than one benefit we could get from this approach and here in reported is our recent progress in the study. A series of diacrylic monomers and their cyclic polymers have been prepared and evaluated for ArF optical lithography applications. The reaction of acrylic esters that have essential functional groups for lithographic performances such as an acid-cleavable bulky adamantyl group and a polar lactone group with formaldehyde in the presence of diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)octane has been shown to provide access to an ether linked symmetric or asymmetric diacrylic monomer depending on the starting materials with a reasonable yield after an adequate purification procedure. While the main research focus of cyclopolymerization of diacrylic monomers has been an improvement of dry etching resistance, an equal interest was placed on enhancing homogeneity in the polymerization reaction medium.


Objective - To establish the degree of association between relative deprivation and any variation in condition specific morbidity and in consultations with general practitioners for mothers of young children. Study design - Condition specific morbidity and general practitioner consultation (GP) rates were recorded by means of self reports on a postal ques-tionnaire. Subjects were asked to record whether they had suffered from any of 16 common conditions and, if so, whether they had consulted the GP. Relative deprivation was measured using indicators such as home ownership, overcrowded living conditions, car ownership, and partners' employment status. Information was also collected about the women's own employment status, their ages, and parity. Setting - The three district health au-thorities of Bristol. All women expecting a baby between April 1991 and December 1992 were invited to participate. Subjects - Altogether 11040 mothers who completed questionnaires about their own health and well being at 8 months postpartum as part of the Avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood. Outcome measures - The percentage of mothers reporting any of 16 common conditions since the birth of their child and the proportion of them who consulted the GP if a condition was reported. x2 tests of independence were used to examine the association between condition specific morbidity and social, demographic, and maternal characteristics. Latent class analysis was used to "cluster" mothers ac-cording to the particular configuration of social, demographic, and maternal characteristics associated with levels of morbidity for each of the six most commonly reported conditions. The probability of consulting a GP was then compared between clusters. Results GP stress


This paper describes an optimized design of secondary coils in the inductive power transfer (IPT) system for railway vehicles. The gap between the primary and secondary coils is large, and the weight of the on-board secondary coil needs to be reduced. Thus, we propose a design method of dimensions of the secondary coils and unique cross-section of the secondary coils to improve the induced voltage and to reduce the self-inductance of the secondary coil. Further, practical issues that arise when applying the design to the railways, for example, human exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields, are examined.


This research is motivated by a lot of aggressive behavior carried out by students. The purpose of this study is to examine students' opinions about gender. This type of research is a comparative descriptive study. The study population was students of class XI SMK Negeri 9 Padang. The total sample of 160 people were selected by proportional random sampling technique. The instrument used was an aggressive scale with a reliability value of 0.751. The results showed that: (1) the level of aggressive students in men was in the high category, (2) the level of students was aggressive in the medium category, (3) The implications of the results of this study could be made as input in creating a guidance and counseling service program.


Background: The emergence of multi and pan resistance among Gram negative bacteria in the last decade has forced the medical community in using infrequently used antimicrobials in treating these infections. Methods: The present study was designed to look into the activity of certain older antimicrobial agents against Gramnegative clinical isolates resistant to all common antibiotics including carbapenams. Members of enterobacteriaceae family, Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated and identified in our laboratory during 2011 were included in the study. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done as per Clincial and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines by disc diffusion technique. Results: From January-December 2011, out of a total of 11,658 samples processed, 157 (1.3%) isolates of Gramnegative bacilli were resistant to all beta-lactams, carbapenem, fluroquinolones and aminoglycosides. E.coli was the predominant isolate (n=50; 31.8%) followed by Klebsiella (n=37, 23.6%); 28 (17.8%) isolates were acinetobacter species. P. aeruginosa constituted 17 separate isolates other than the above 157 isolates. Of the unconventional agents tested, polymyxin B was the most effective agent with 33.1% strains sensitive to it and another 5/17 (29.4%) of P. aeruginosa isolates. Other agents in the decreasing order of sensitivity were chloramphenicol (25.5%), tetracycline and nitrofurantoin (14%) each, and cotrimaxazole (5.7%). Conclusions: Our study has highlighted the importance of including certain not-so-common antimicrobials in the sensitivity panel, particularly while testing multidrug-resistant isolates since they still possess some degree of activity against such isolates and may prove useful in clinical setting.


Grinding is one of the most important and energy-consuming processes in food industry. It consumes from 50 to 70% of the total power during flour production [5]. In fact, only about 1% of grinding energy is transformed into receiving a new surface [12]. The main cause of such large energy loss are plastic and elastic strains [8]. The energy consumption during grinding depends on the kinematic and geometric parameters of a grinding machine and physical properties of thew grinding material. From among the physical properties of kernel the greatest influence on power demand during the grinding process is exerted by mechanical properties [11], especially hardness of kernel [2, 7]. Therefore it is important to evaluate the influence of kernel mechanical properties on energy-consuming indexes of wheat grinding process. Many of the studies describing the grinding energy is aimed at the determination of only the specific grinding energy [6, 15], but this index does not take into account the grinding ratio. Therefore the aim of the present work was to determine other kernel energy-consuming indexes of the grinding process, the hardness of kernel, and interrelations between them for Polish wheat cultivars.


Today, the novel Cloud of Things (CoT) paradigm, where Cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are merged together, is foreseen as a promising enabler of many real-life application scenarios, like the smart home. However, several issues are still debated in the design of CoT systems, including how to effectively manage the heterogeneity of IoT devices and how to support robust and low-latency communications between the cloud and the physical world. In this paper, we present a novel CoT platform that solves such challenges in the smart home domain by leveraging two groundbreaking concepts: Information Centric Networking (ICN) and Fog Computing. The proposal, called ICN-iSapiens, is a three-layered architecture where an intermediate (Fog) layer, consisting of smart home servers (HSs), is introduced between the physical world and the remote cloud, to support real-time services and hide the heterogeneity of IoT devices. Communication at the physical layer consists of name-based ICN primitives, which facilitate the network configuration and enable simple and effective interactions between HSs and IoT devices. As proof of concept, an experimental testbed is presented and some application examples are described to showcase the advanced capabilities of ICN-iSapiens.


With the unprecedented expansion of access to higher education internationally, today's students enter university with a broader range of expectations, motivations and support networks than their predecessors. One of the primary determinants of student success is their ability to assimilate into the academic culture, which includes aligning their expectations and motivations closely with the prevalent norms of the academic community. This article synthesizes current conceptual and practical approaches to facilitating the assimilation of students from diverse demographic, economic and academic backgrounds into the academic community. These approaches are illustrated through programmatic developments at a large urban university in the Midwestern United States.


Polystyrene (PS) and polymetyl methacrylate (PM-MA) were prepared by solution polymerization method. The thin films of 1:1 PS-PMMA poly blend system of pure and doped with 1%,3%,5%,7%,9% Salicylic Acid(SA) were prepared by using isothermal evaporation technique .The measurement of AC conductivity ,Dielectric Constant (er) for all above samples have been carried out within the temperature range: 323K-363K and at frequencies in the range of 1kHz1mHz.The results reveal that the AC Conductivity and Dielectric Constant were strongly affected by the IR radiations. It has been observed that the value of AC Conductivity decreases with the increase in time of exposure to IR radiation. Whereas dielectric constant decreases with increase in the exposure time of IR radiation. The sample was characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR.


Broadening conventional sociological concerns, this paper establishes a social psychological account of queer theory, and an associated understanding of subject formation, in order to examine the relationship between the continuously emerging self and the dressed body by taking its departure in the concept of transvestism. Empirically, this paper is grounded in an analysis of a large number of digital selfpresentations and diaries authored by self-identified male to female transvestites between the ages of 15 and 69 in which notions of self, body, gender and sexuality have been focused. In this context, questions are asked concerning the heterosexual matrix, cultural intelligibility and the importance of the dressed body in the materialization of a gendered subject. (Less)


We perform imaging of a fundamental string from string scattering amplitudes, and show that its image is a double slit.


ABSTRACT The impact that substance use has on an individual with mental illness has been documented; however, little is known about the impact that this may have for a family caregiver. Data was collected in a cross sectional study using mailed questionnaires to a convenience sample of family members of persons with mental illness (n = 110). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to determine the impact of substance use status upon four measures of well-being within a stress-coping model. The variables within the model were able to account for a significant proportion of the variance in each of the measures: perceptions of burden, depression, anxiety and physical health status (R2 = .419 to .202). However, substance use status was not a significant predictor in any of these equations. Symptomatology and a measure of specific social support were the most significant predictors of burden (β = .345, p < .001 and β = .330, p < .001). Perceptions of caregiver burden were found to be the most significant predictor in each of the other three analyses (β = .515, p < .000; β = .511, p < .000; β = − .571, p < .000). Results of this study suggest that substance use may not be as important as the other predictors included in the model in determining the well-being of family caregivers.


This paper describes a design of a tactile sensor, which can measure three components forces. The bio-mimetic tactile sensor, alternative to human's finger, is composed of 100 micro force sensors, and its size being 10 mm x 10 mm. Each micro force sensor has a square membrane, and its force capacity is 0.3 N in the three-axis directions. On the other hand, the measuring method of three-component force signals without interference was suggested in case of four strain gages and the number of minimum data lines. We have fabricated the tactile sensor using flexible MEMS technology based on polymer material.


Background: Metabolic syndrome describes the co-occurrence of central adiposity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, lipid abnormalities and other metabolic changes that increase risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, renal diseases. This multi-system condition has adverse effects on many organs, the liver being one of them. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease appears to be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the burden of chronic liver disease world-wide. Metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease appear to have a common pathogenesis, arising from insulin resistance, central adiposity and chronic low grade inflammation. Objective: The aim of the study is to find out the occurrence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome among the patient attending in RMCH. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study which was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. 250 patients age above 20 years nonalcoholic both male and female were included for the study. All patients were interviewed by structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 for windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Continuous data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) and categorical variables are expressed as percentages. Pearson correlation coefficient test and unpaired t-test were used for this study. For all statistical tests, p-value is less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 250 respondents a total of 67(26.8%) cases were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome and out of the 67 metabolic syndrome patients 23(34.33%) were male and 44(65.67%) were female. Out of the 23 male metabolic syndrome patients 9(39.13%) were diagnosed as NAFLD and out of the 44 female metabolic syndrome patients 16(36.36%) were diagnosed as NAFLD. Among the 250 respondents 53 (21.2%) cases ultarsonographically diagnosed as NAFLD and showed 41(77.36%), 11(20.75%) and 1(1.89%) of cases had grade I, II, and III fatty liver respectively. Out of the 53 NAFLD patient's 25 patients were presented with metabolic syndrome and 28 patients were without metabolic syndrome. Patients of NAFLD with metabolic syndrome presented with high fasting plasma glucose level in 19(67.80%) cases, hypertensive in 17(68%) cases, high triglyceride in 17((68%) cases, low HDL in 16(64%) cases, waist circumference high in 18(72%) cases. The difference was significant for fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and waist circumference (p<0.05) between metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome patients. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that the proportion of NAFLD significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients compare to non-metabolic syndrome patients and metabolic syndrome is higher in female compare to male. So early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome suspected cases and ultrasonographic detection of NAFLD would help not only modifying the disease course but also delaying its complication.


A method for obtaining the small current quark mass effect on the dressed quark propagator from an effective quark–quark interaction model is developed. Within this approach both the explicit and dynamical chiral symmetry breakings are analysed. A comparison with the previous results is given.


The Reference Documents (Gago munseo) housed in the National Palace Museum of Korea was recently analyzed for dating and identifying its office of...