Three-dimensional advection of passive tracers in non-inertial flows is studied in a finite cylinder confined by two parallel endwalls by means of numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. The fluid is set in motion through steady or time-periodic forcing by in-plane motion of the endwalls via a given forcing protocol. The numerical analysis centres on a dynamical-systems approach and concerns symmetry-based identification of coherent structures in the web of tracer paths (collectively defining the flow topology) for a number of archetypal flow configurations. The role of the flow topology in the process of tracer transport is investigated by numerical tracking of finite-size material objects released at strategic locations in the flow. Experimental validation of key aspects of the numerical results has been carried out in laboratory experiments by flow visualization with dye and flow measurement via three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry.


Astronomers will soon be using the 25-m Giant Magellan Telescope to probe the universe with a sensitivity and resolution that go far beyond anything that can be achieved today.


Oftentimes in an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, the desired result is a quick understanding of what phases are present within a dataset rather than an exact quantitative elemental characterization. A clear picture of what elements are spatially correlated and where they are located is often enough to answer the research question at hand. Commercial EDS vendors have realized this, and almost every available software package includes some option of "phase mapping" (e.g. Oxford – AutoPhaseMap, EDAX Smart Phase Mapping, Bruker – AutoPhase, etc.). Most operate as some proprietary form of principal component analysis (PCA), and are often "black box" in nature, with no indication of what algorithm was used or how the results were obtained. This presents a significant challenge for comparisons between different vendors' systems and hinders efforts towards more open and reproducible science.


Context. We have re-analyzed the X-ray spectra of the gravitational lensed high-redshift BAL QSO APM 08279+5255, observed with the XMM−Newton and Chandra observatories. Previous studies (Hasinger et al. 2002, ApJ, 573, L77; Chartas et al. 2002, ApJ, 579, 169) detected unusual, highly-ionized iron absorption features, but differed in their interpretation of these features, regarding the kinematical and ionization structure. Aims. We seek one physical model that can be successfully applied to both observations. Methods. For the first time we have performed detailed photoionization modeling on the X-ray spectrum of APM 08279+5255. Results. The absorbing gas in APM 08279+5255 can be represented by a two-absorbers model with column densities NH(1) ≈ 7 × 10 22 cm −2 , NH(2) ≈ 6 × 10 22 cm −2 , and ionization parameters log ξ(1) ≈ 1. 5a nd logξ(2) ≈ 3, with one of them (the high-ionization component) outflowing at v ≈ 0.18(±0.01)c, carrying large amount of gas out of the system. We find that the Chandra spectrum of APM 08279+5255 requires the same Fe/O ratio overabundance (previously) indicated by the XMM−Newton observation, showing that both absorber components underwent similar chemical evolution and/or have similar origin.


The SCAR GPS Campaigns in the context of global reference system realization and geodynamic research Axel Rulke and Reinhard Dietrich TU Dresden, Institut fur Planetare Geodasie, 01062 Dresden, Germany (firstname.lastname@example.com) Summary The SCAR GPS Campaigns have been carried out under the umbrella of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) annually since 1995. In an advanced analysis concept we combine the regional solution from the SCAR network with a homogeneously reprocessed global solution. This combination minimizes inconsistencies in the realization of the global reference system in Antarctica. The station coordinates and velocities obtained provide an excellent reference for a broad variety of geoscientific applications. In addition, the obtained results contain valuable information for geoscientific investigations, such as plate kinematics, the stability of the Antarctic Plate or vertical deformations due to glacial isostatic processes. We present the status, introduce an advanced analysis concept of the SCAR GPS network and evaluate the derived accuracies. We discuss in detail the geoscientific implications of the obtained results. We provide an outlook on the contribution of the SCAR GPS Campaigns to the IPY project POLENET in Antarctica. Citation: Rulke, A., and R. Dietrich (2007), The SCAR GPS Campaigns in the context of global reference system realization and geodynamic research, in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES, edited by A.K. Cooper and C.R. Raymond et al., USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Extended Abstract 146, 4 p. Introduction In 1995 the SCAR GPS Campaigns were carried out for the first time under the umbrella of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since then the campaigns have been repeated every year and are organized today under the new title SCAR Epoch Crustal Movement Campaigns by the Geoscience Standing Scientific Group (GSSG) of SCAR. The main goals of the campaigns are the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) in Antarctica for a broad field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications, such as mapping, ground truthing for satellite missions, airborne surveys or ship operations on the one hand and the investigation of geodynamic phenomena on the other hand.


Lately great importance has been attached to digital literacy in every area. It is "the ability to use digital technologies at an adequate level for creation, communication, collaboration, and information search and evaluation in a digital society" and it involves "the development of knowledge and skills for using digital devices and tools for specific purposes (Son, 2015). Since it is inevitable to use digital resources for any piece of information needed, in digital environments, it is essential for people to develop necessary skills such as distinguishing between correct and incorrect data, using digital tools effectively, being practical and assuring self improvement in digital world. One of the areas that digital literacy is gaining more and more importance is language learning. Nowadays, thanks to abundant digital resources, language learning has stopped being a luxury to spend money on. Learners can easily get exposed to authentic areas and native speakers. Resources for different learning styles are also available. The purpose of this study is to examine ESL students' level of digital literacy and raise awareness on the issue. To this end, the data were collected via a questionnaire. The participants of the study were 50 Turkish preparatory class students of different levels at a Turkish state university.  The data from the research were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings are thought to be useful in raising awareness of digital literacy and teaching ESL students how to use digital resources more effectively. Reference: Son, J.-B. (2015). Digital literacy. Retrieved from http://www.apacall.org/member/sonjb/projects/dl/


This paper proposes a local and - in contrast to existing synthesis approaches - non-iterative and performance-oriented design method for linear, full-order, mismatch-based anti-windup compensators which is applicable to control systems with unstable plants. Non-iterative means that the anti-windup compensator is found by solving a convex optimization problem. Hence, initial guesses or trial-and-error loops can be avoided leading to a significant simplification of the design process. Performance-oriented means that the L2 gain of a system characterizing the degradation from the unconstrained linear performance is minimized. Two examples are considered to demonstrate the new design method.


Results of the investigation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using SF-36 questionnaire in patients with autoimmune thrombophilia, antiphospholipid syndrome, are presented in the article. Such medico-sociological factors as gender, age, social status, duration and severity of the disease were revealed to influence HRQoL in this group of patients.


Applying insights from recent literature on the financial behaviour of poor households in developing countries to the nineteenth-century Netherlands, we show that micro finance type institutions failed to alleviate the countryi¯s persistent poverty for the same reasons found today. The numerous institutions launched failed to reach the customers targeted because, like the poor households analyzed in the modern literature, the Dutch poor lacked the money to use them and relied on a combination of makeshift and network solutions instead until rising wages from about 1870 widened their options. Consequently growth preceded finance, not the other way around.


Two dimensional antenna patterns have been determined for several aperture distributions having symmetrical amplitude and non-linear phase by a method of calculation employing automatic punch-card machines to perform numerical integrations. These patterns have been arranged in sets which permit one to predict the pattern characteristics expected from a given aperture phase distribution. The method of calculation used here permits direct evaluation of the pattern integral with negligible error for any phase and amplitude distributions. The results presented extend previous work to the cases of quadratic and cubic phase distributions combined in various proportions together with uniform, tapered, and cosine amplitude distributions. Phase patterns, which permit determination of the effective aperture phase center, are presented as well as the magnitude patterns.


Osteoporosis is one of the primary causes of disability and mortality in the elderly. If osteoporosis's significant features can be identified, the risk of developing this disease will be reduced. In recent years, data mining approaches have become a suitable tool for medical researchers. This study applied data mining methods to identify osteoporosis's significant features. This study applied data from women having osteoporosis or osteopenia in the period 2011-2019 in the Osteoporosis Diagnosis Center, Isfahan, Iran. Data mining methods such as linear regression, naïve bayes, decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, and neural network were implemented on the dataset. This study consisted of 8258 patients' information, of which 1482 had osteoporosis. The results showed that the support vector machine, decision tree, neural network are the best method based on accuracy, precision, and AUC measures. Six candidate features were age, weight, back pain, low activity, menopause date, and previous fracture. Support vector machine, decision tree, and neural network are the best candidate techniques for predicting osteoporosis. Thin older people are more at risk of osteoporosis than other people. Yet, people with middleweight and middle age are at lower risk of osteoporosis.


Range query on encrypted data has been widely studied to achieve fast query processing while keeping data and queries secret. Prior work hides even the ordering information of the data, but sacrifices accuracy (e.g., false positives) and efficiency (e.g., exponential complexity in the domain size) as a trade-off. Moreover, hiding the order alone is not sufficient to prevent the recent database reconstruction attacks on range query abusing access pattern and volume leakage. Several countermeasures prevent such information leakage but incur practically unacceptable storage or computational overhead due to fake records embedded in the database and database re-encryption procedures. In this paper, we first propose a range query scheme <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf{RevealRE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is highly efficient, but reveals ordering information. We then extend <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf{RevealRE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to construct <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf{HideRE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a range query scheme that does not leak data ordering information while accurate (i.e., no false positives/negatives) and efficient (i.e., logarithmic search time). <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf{HideRE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can mitigate the database reconstruction attacks by introducing <italic>deceptive</italic> queries, which are indistinguishable from regular queries while obfuscating the queried ranges. We experimentally confirm efficiency of our construction under various data distribution models, demonstrating the practicality. Resilience to database reconstruction attacks of our order-hiding range query scheme is formally proved.


As the line rates standards are changing frequently to provide higher bit rates, the design of wire-speed router's network processor unit has become very challenging. Typically, the design of new network processors is very costly and time consuming process. In this work, we are presenting a new approach that can be use in high-speed routers design. Our approach is to use a data stream distributor (or DSD) to split the high bit rate line to few lower rate lines. These low rate lines will be processed by existing network processors that are already in use with today low line rate routers.A cycle-accurate simulation is been investigated in this research to evaluate the functionality and performance of this new approach. The cycle's accurate simulation has shown that the DSD approach can be used to split a 2.5 Gb/s line rate to four low bit rate lines of 622Mb/s. This approach has been evaluated by the use of reconfigurable chips such as Virtex from Xilinx.


The inventive embodiment provides a bias control method for a plurality of MZ modulators in an optical transmission network, and a system. The method can achieve bias control of only one MZ modulator in the same time point by controlling low-frequency disturbing signals in such a manner that only one low-frequency disturbing signal is loaded on a main service optical signal at the same time point. According to the above technical scheme, only one low-frequency disturbing signal is loaded on the main service optical signal at the same time point, thereby effectively reducing the influence on the main service optical signal in the optical path while achieving bias voltage control, and reducing the system power penalty.


Exact results on the single spin-flip Glauber dynamics of six coupled random-field Ising spins with a coordination number of 4 are presented. Two distributions of random fields, a binary distribution (BD) and a Gaussian distribution (GD), are investigated. The effects of the static magnetic field are discussed. In the zero-magnetic-field case, the number of diverging relaxation times is equal to the number of energy minima minus one. This rule is broken in the presence of a magnetic field. The longest relaxation times in the absence of the field verify the Arrhenius law with the energy barrier determined by the energy needed to invert the ground-state spin configuration


Metallic nanoparticles are emerging as key materials use in catalysis, plasmonics, sensing, and spectroscopy. To approach these applications, the control of nanostructures provides increasing selectivity and functionality. This feature article highlights our recent research progress in this emerging field. This article discusses control of the shape of metallic nanostructures and their physical/chemical nature. The numerous approaches for synthesizing multishaped nanostructures include (i) the use of hard templates such as anodic aluminum oxide, (ii) the use of soft templates such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and (iii) the use of sacrificial templates. Finally, the use of such nanostructures in catalysis, sensing, and photothermal therapy are demonstrated. General strategies for these methods are discussed and related recent research directions will also be addressed in this feature article.


Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.): evaluation of their nanoparticles in an animal model of depression The objectives of this study were to characterize validated experimental models for the evaluation of depression in animals; to evaluate the viability of the development of turmeric nanoparticles from the zein encapsulation by the liquid-liquid dispersion method; to evaluate its possible antidepressant activity in rats submitted to the chronic mild and unpredictable stress procedure (CMUS), considered a predictive model for induction of depression. In the experimental protocol, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8 rats / group): chronic mild and unpredictable stress procedure + nanoparticles (CMUS + NANO), Nanoparticle + Control (NANO), chronic mild and unpredictable stress procedure + Vehicle (CMUS), chronic mild and unpredictable stress procedure + fluoxetine (CMUS + FLUOX), Control + Vehicle (CONTROL) being a filtered water vehicle, also used to resuspend the nanoparticles. The evaluation of anhedonia, considered key to CMUS measurement, confirmed that the protocol was effective in evaluating this behavior. In TNF, it was observed that the stressed groups showed higher values of immobility, a behavior similar to learned helplessness. The administration of nanoparticles (10 mg kg) prevented the elevation of corticosterone levels in rats submitted to the CMUS protocol. These data suggest that turmericcontaining zein nanoparticles may contribute to a possible neuroprotective action of this functional food in depression. In addition, it was verified that the encapsulation allowed the elaboration of nanoparticles with good characteristics, presenting high encapsulation efficiency and low polydispersion index


And yet a handful of students and alumni from the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business have come up with something they believe will make the short-term future a little more predictable. They have launched a new non-partisan website called politicit.com that automatically pulls data from a number of traditional press outlets and social media sources like Twitter, Facebook, and Wikipedia and gives readers a snapshot of what's happening in the minute-by-minute online world. It analyzes a number of factors including online activity, traditional polls, and other breaking news to calculate an "It Score." The "It Scores" can predict poll numbers in advance, creating real-time polling daily, according to the company. Those scores are displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the home page next to each candidate's picture.


The "integrated airport support capability" is a general term for all the ground support capabilities in the airport relative to the sky. For the protection of the airport, especially during peak hours, it is necessary for multiple units to coordinate and participate together. The best guarantee of the apron in an airport is the operational efficiency during peak hours. This paper firstly identifies the support capacity of an airport during peak hours, and then analyzes the data of the airport peak period, so it is concluded that those factors play an important role in the key guarantee of the airport peak and the key guarantee for the airport. The factors put forward the opinions of optimization, which can greatly enhance the comprehensive support capability of the airport.


In this paper,we use the assortative coefficient to study the degree correlation of urban street networks as represented by stroke intersections.It is found that some street networks demonstrate an assortative mixing pattern and others demonstrate disassortative mining pattern.The assortative networks would percolate easily and are resilient to breaks.This demonstrates potential for general applicability to urban planning.Our conclusions are opposite to previous work and possible reasons are discussed.


Korea and China are both Catching-up countries. The experience of economic and ST achievements in Korea is worth of learning. This paper analyzes how Korea adjusted its ST policy, improved its innovation ability, promoted ST efforts to serve the economic growth, and achieved international competitiveness in several industrial fields. Hopefully, this paper could provide references for our country to formulate a better national medium- and long-term ST plan.


The Apollo astronauts deployed seismic experiments on the nearside of the Moon between 1969 and 1972. Five stations collected passive seismic data. Apollo 11 operated for around 20 days, and stations 12, 14, 15, and 16 operated nearly continuously from their installation until 1977. Seismic data were collected and digitized on the Moon and transmitted to Earth. The data were recorded on magnetic reel-to-reel tapes, with timestamps representing the signal reception time on Earth. The taped data have been widely used for many applications and have previously been shared in various formats. The data have slightly varying sampling rates, due to random fluctuations of the data sampler and also its sensitivity to the significant temperature variations on the Moon's surface. Additionally, there were timing errors. Previously shared versions of the Apollo data were affected by these problems. We have reimported the passive data to SEED (Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data) format, and we make these data available via Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology and the Planetary Data System. We have cleaned the timestamp series to reduce incorrectly recorded timestamps. The archive includes five tracks: three components of the mid-period seismometers, one short-period component, and a time track containing the timestamps. The seismic data are provided unprocessed in their raw format, and we provide instrument response files. We hope that the new archive will make it easier for a new generation of seismologists to use these data to learn more about the structure of the Moon.


It is known from many years now that operational activity-based models need a lot of survey data to incorporate behavioral decision making of people. While there have been contributions from the field of statistics about how much survey data is needed to come to reliable estimates of behavior; an obvious question which is often overlooked in the domain is how much survey data is really necessary to obtain an activity-based model that is sufficiently competent and accurate. This question is not only scientifically challenging and interesting, but also can significantly reduce data collection costs and is also very useful for practitioners. A very appealing question would be whether an activity-based model could also be trained with a smaller survey data set without losing too much model quality. This paper tries to explore this research question in the case of an activity-based model for Flanders (Belgium) inside the 'Forecasting Evolutionary Activity-Travel of Households and their Environmental RepercussionS' (FEATHERS) framework. As the scheduler in this study is based on decision trees, progressive sampling is being applied in order to investigate accuracy for all discrete choice decision trees. Based on the results of this investigation, it is demonstrated that for some decision trees the activity-based survey data set can be very small without losing accuracy, while for other decision trees bigger data sets are needed.


With the growing popularity of mobile devices (i.e. smartphones and tablets) streaming videos over HTTP increases rapidly. More and more mobile users are tuning into streaming videos. However, it becomes challenging to support the demand of a large number of concurrent users sharing the network while maintaining good video quality for each user. In addition, the existing client controlled distribution mechanism is not very efficient. It under utilizes the available bandwidth and provides uneven visual qualities to the clients. To address this, a server controlled system is proposed where a server manages the bit rates and video quality each client gets. It not only significantly improves the network utilization but also provides optimal visual quality.


students and trainees that include longitudinal direct contact with individuals with serious mental illness will be essential. Allied health professionals should receive training in behavioral health care and the special considerations in the care of those with mental illness. Newly trained cadres of primary care behaviorists—clinicians able to synthesize and treat biopsychosocial signs, symptoms, and complaints—will signify the embodiment of integration (17). Only conceptual parity—the realization that there is no health without mental health—will silence the ideologies that once alienated psychiatry to the bucolic pastures of the past and that continue to segregate mental health care in our modern clinics.


www.xilinx.com 1 1-800-255-7778 © 2004 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved. All Xilinx trademarks, registered trademarks, patents, and disclaimers are as listed at http://www.xilinx.com/legal.htm. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice. FPGAs have been used in DSP applications for years as logic aggregators, bus bridges and peripherals. More recently FPGAs have been gaining considerable traction in high-performance digital signal processing applications and are emerging as ideal co-processors for standard DSP devices. In these latter two roles FPGAs provide tremendous computational throughput by using highly parallel architectures, and are hardware reconfigurable; allowing the designer to develop customized architectures for ideal implementation of their algorithms.


This paper is funded by cooperative agreement #NA17WD2383 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. The COMET Program is primarily funded by the NWS, with additional funding from NMOC, AFWA, NESDIS, NPOESS, MSC, and NSF.


Multi-microgrids (MMGs) suffer from power shortages due to the loss of utility grid support when an unintentional transition occurs. This imposes a transient shock on the system voltage and frequency. To maintain the frequency stability and power balance of an islanded MMG, this paper presents an underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) strategy with adaptive variation. A comprehensive load evaluation method based on a composite least squares support vector machine (CLS-SVM) is proposed to ensure uninterrupted power for critical loads. This method considers the comprehensive evaluation influence factors (CEIFs) of loads. Then, a least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) provides the load shedding determination factors, transforming the problem of determining critical loads into a 0-1 planning problem. A method with adaptive variation is proposed to solve the UFLS model. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified for an MMG model based on a modified IEEE 33-bus system. The test results show that: 1) the average accuracy of the proposed method is 21.05% higher than that based on LS-SVM; 2) compared with UFLS strategies based on the load level alone and on an intelligent algorithm, the frequency fluctuation range of the proposed strategy is 12.50% and 19.23% lower, respectively, and the frequency recovery time is 3.90% and 5.73% shorter, respectively; 3) compared with PSO, GOA and GA, the standard deviation of the iterative mean of the proposed algorithm decreases by 36.22%, 53.42%, and 34.00%, respectively. The proposed strategy can reduce the frequency fluctuation range and frequency recovery time while maintaining strong adaptability.


Infections of the urinary tract probably form the largest group of lesions treated by the urologist. Despite this fact, not many physicians actually determine whether or not an infection is present. In the majority of instances the "specimens are sent for culture" and implicit faith is placed in the returned bacteriologic report. My purpose in this article is to call attention to the frequent discrepancies between the examination of the freshly obtained urine and the culture reports. For a number of years it has been customary in the department of urology at the New Haven Hospital to stain the centrifugalized sediment of freshly obtained urine and to examine the smear with the oil immersion lens to determine the presence or absence of epithelial cells, white blood cells and organisms (noting then their morphologic character), in addition to carrying out the routine examination for sugar, albumin and red blood cells. The


A brief review is made of the present status of ocean cobalt crust resource invetigation and smelting methods. The authors point out that China should increase investment in research work on mining and smelting methods of ocean cobalt crust, so as to lay technical foundation for development and utilization of ocean cobalt crust resources in the next century.


The honey antidumping case has last about 14 years. Shanghai Eswell Enterprise Co., Ltd. objects U.S. Department's final results of the second administrative review regarding the surrogate domestic price and brings the suit before the United States Court of International Trade. The author briefly introduces the facts of the case, then focusing on the arguments of the plaintiffs and the defendant, as well as analyzing the court's decisions. At the end of the article, the author makes some comments on the legal merits of this case.


Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used in various computer vision applications. Recently, there have been many studies on FPGA-based CNN accelerators to achieve high performance and power efficiency. Most of them have been on CNN-based object detection algorithms, but researches on image super-resolution have been rarely conducted. Fast super-resolution CNN (FSRCNN), well known for CNN-based super-resolution algorithm, are a combination of multiple convolutional layers and a single deconvolutional layer. Since the deconvolutional layer generates high-resolution (HR) output feature maps from low-resolution (LR) input feature maps, its execution cycles are larger than those of the convolutional layer. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture of the FPGA-based CNN accelerator with the efficient parallelization. We develop a method of transforming a deconvolutional layer into a convolutional layer (TDC), a new methodology for the deconvolutional neural networks (DCNN). There is a massive parallelization source in the deconvolutional layer where multiple outputs within the same output feature map are created with the same inputs. When this new parallelization technique is applied to the deconvolutional layer, it generates the LR output feature maps the same as the convolutional layer. Thus, the performance of the accelerator increases without any additional hardware resources because the kernel size required to generate the LR output feature maps is smaller. In addition, if there is a DSP underutilization problem in the deconvolutional layer that some of the processors are in an idle state, the proposed method solves this problem by allowing more output feature maps to be processed in parallel. Experimental results show that the proposed TDC method achieves up to 81 times higher throughput than the state-of-the-art DCNN accelerator with the same hardware resources. We also improve the speed by 7.8 times by having all layers in the hourglass-type FSRCNN to be processed in inter-layer parallelism without additional DSP usage.


Based on the physical model of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth via gas accretion in a circumnuclear disk (CND) proposed by Kawakatu & Wada, we describe the formation of high-z (z>6) quasars (QSOs) whose BH masses are MBH>109 M☉. We derive the necessary conditions to form QSOs at z>6 by only gas accretion: (1) a large mass supply with Msup>1010 M☉from host galaxies to CNDs, because the final BH mass is only 1%–10% of the total supplied mass from QSO hosts. (2) High star formation efficiency for a rapid BH growth which is comparable to high-z starburst galaxies such as submillimeter galaxies. We also find that if the BH growth is limited by the Eddington accretion, the final BH mass is greatly suppressed when the period of mass supply from hosts, tsup, is shorter than the Eddington timescale. Thus, the super-Eddington growth is required for the QSO formation while tsup, which is determined by the efficiency of angular momentum transfer, is shorter than ∼108 yr. The evolution of the QSO luminosity depends on the redshift zi at which accretion onto a seed BH is initiated. In other words, the brighter QSOs at z>6 favor the late growth of SMBHs (i.e., zi ≈ 10) rather than early growth (i.e., zi ≈ 30). For zi ≈ 10, tsup ≃ 108 yr is shorter than that of the star formation in the CND. Thus, the gas in the CND can accrete onto a BH more efficiently, compared with the case for zi ≈ 30 (or tsup ≈ 109 yr). Moreover, we predict the observable properties and the evolution of QSOs at z>6. In a QSO phase, there should exist a stellar rich massive CND, whose gas mass is about 10% of the dynamical mass inside ∼0.1–1 kpc. On the other hand, in a phase where the BH grows (i.e., a proto-QSO phase), the proto-QSO has a gas-rich massive CND whose gas mass is comparable to the dynamical mass. Compared with the observed properties of the distant QSO SDSS J1148+5251 observed at z = 6.42, we predict that SDSS J1148+5251 corresponds to the scenario of the late growth of SMBH with zi ∼ 10, which is accompanied by a massive CNDs with Mg ≈ 5 × 1010 M☉ and the luminous nuclear starburst LSBat infrared band with LSB ≈ 1047 erg s−1. Moreover, we predict that the progenitor of SDSS J1148+5251 can be the super-Eddington object. These predictions can be verified by ALMA, SPICA, and JWST.


Gravity assisted gas displacement of oil in reservoirs is increasingly being considered. Accurate estimates of relative permeabilities are needed to understand and predict fluids motion, especially when very low oil saturations are reached. In our study, gravity drainage experiments under secondary conditions are performed with different core wettabilities. Then, relative permeabilities are determined from the experimental data (oil recovery and saturation profiles measured by gamma-ray attenuation) using an analytical calculation and an identification method based on a numerical model. Our work aims at testing both approaches and efficiencies. The first method results from an analytical treatment of the multiphase flow model, where capillary pressure is taken into account and gas displacement is neglected. Capillary pressure is directly obtained from the last saturation profile when capillary equilibrium is reached. Then, a computer-aided procedure using a numerical finitedifference scheme calculates oil relative permeability from the saturation profiles measured at different times and different positions along the core. Saturation experimental noise due to gamma-ray technique is simulated and its effect on oil relative permeability calculation is tested. Two trends are observed: for high oil saturations, relative permeability curve is correctly described while, for low oil saturations, there is a slope change due to inaccurate values. The second method consists in using an inversion software (CAROPT, developed by TotalFinaElf) based on the minimization between computed and measured data. Inputs are saturation profiles and oil recovery; outputs are relative permeabilities and capillary pressure. Optimization process and final results depend on the initial data set that is considered. Our work suggests that the analytical method provides accurate estimates of relative permeability that are good initial data for the identification method. However, because of the assumptions used in the analytical calculation and its proved inaccuracy for low saturations due to experimental noise, conclusions cannot be drawn about flow regime at these very low saturations and results should be compared to those obtained by the identification method. At last, both approaches give a similar interpretation, which shows they are complementary.


This study investigates the consumer repurchase abandonment mechanism in the online environment. The proposed repurchase abandonment model was built by integrating the distrust formation process into expectation-disconfirmation theory, which was based only on the dissatisfaction formation process. This study identifies that dissatisfaction and distrust are more affected by disconfirmation than pre-expectation. Therefore, it is confirmed that a recency effect is effective in the online repurchase abandonment context. This study also identifies that distrust is a trigger of dissatisfaction, which means that distrust should take precedence over dissatisfaction to prevent consumers' repurchase abandonment behaviors. Therefore, e-vendors should regard instant trust means such as reputation and trust seals as matters of the highest priority. The proposed model could be a useful foundation for e-vendors to establish a strategy for preventing consumer exit after first purchase.


A procedure for measuring the level of O6‐me‐thylguanine (O6‐meG) in DNA is described. Repair of 32P‐oligodeoxynucleotides containing O6‐meG adducts by O6‐alkylguanine alkyltransferase (AGT) was performed in the presence of different quantities of DNA containing unknown concentrations of O6‐meG. Each methylated DNA sample inhibited the repair of oli‐godeoxynucleotide substrate to an extent dependent upon O6‐meG concentration. Each DNA sample tested at different concentrations in the assay therefore had a characteristic inhibition curve and could be compared to the curves generated using reference DNA samples of known O6‐meG concentration. We report the method of calculation of the O6‐meG level in a given DNA sample by comparison of its inhibition curve with that of reference DNAs. This method of calculation does not require a knowledge of the exact quantity of the labelled substrate or AGT used. The method requires only 0.1‐10 μg of DNA, with a limit of detection of 0.8 fmol of O6‐meG per μg of DNA. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


4738 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: A4356119119/2019©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.A4356.119119  Abstract: In this paper synthetic image segmentation is carried out by Possibilistic Rough kernel intuionistic Fuzzy c means (PRIKFCM) technique which is proposed in this paper. The results obtained through the proposed method is compared with FCM, PFCM, RKFCM segmentation techniques. The segmentation accuracy is more than the segmentation accuracy yielded by other methods. PRIKFCM is a hybrid technique incorporate in it the concepts of kernelized distance,rough ses,possibilistic and intuionistic concepts in it.the advantage of the proposed method is more due to the hybridization approach.


To track pedestrian oriented multiple objects in video sequence,this paper presents a tracking algorithm using multi-cue integration approach and high degree occlusion processing.Combined with the mean-shift algorithm,multi-cue integration method could track object in normal condition by fusing the color and motion information.To deal with the issue of occlusion involving multiple objects,the area change of the object during occlusion has been analyzed in theory.An occlusion factor is advanced to detect occlusion occur,identify obstructer or occluded object and to check the reappearance of an occluded object.Experiment results show that the proposed tracking algorithm could correctly find out and resolve the occlusion among the multiple objects so that it could successfully track the multiple pedestrians.


Here, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a continuous stirred tank with C. Platycladi extract serving as both reducing and capping agents was investigated, which for the first time provided a successful green protocol for synthesis of AgNPs in a continuous stirred tank. Residence time distributions (RTDs) of the tank for both liquid and the AgNPs were measured experimentally to evaluate the performance of the tank. In addition, the flow behaviors in the tank varied with rotor speed and the performance of the RTD at sufficient rotor speed (360 rpm) was simulated then analyzed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool. The results showed that the mean and variance of the RTD deviate from the ideal values at low rotor speed, indicating that the rotor speed is a crucial factor for the continuous stirred tank. In addition, the liquid RTD was very close to the granular RTD, and the predicted RTD by CFD was similar to that measured experimentally. Finally, AgNPs with different size distribut...


it is not clear to the reader what is the new contribution of this work to the body of scientific knowledge. There is a stratigraphy, estimate of peat accumulation in the longterm and age-depth characterization of a Western Siberian peatland system, but not much is done with this. The observations and conclusions about the DOC movements largely consist of gving a possible range of values for this particular peatland and going over what others have done. If there is some new and unique observation or conclusion hidden in the manuscript, the authors should bring it forward more clearly.


OTHER PUBLICATIONS Varia et al., "Phenytoin Prodrug IV: Hydrolysis of Various 3-(Hydroxymethyl)Phenytoin Esters', Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 73, No. 8, Aug. 1984, (pp. 1068–1090). Primary Examiner-William R. Dixon, Jr. Assistant Examiner-J. M. Hunter, Jr. 57 ABSTRACT Described is a stable pharmaceutical composition of 3-(hydroxymethyl-5,5-diphenylhydantoin disodium phosphate ester, the prodrug of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) a commonly used drug for the treatment and management of epilepsy and other types of convul sive states. It has been found that degradation of the prodrug to phenytoin can be controlled by controlling the pH of the composition. Controlling the pH to be tween 8.3 to 9.4 results in the production of diphenyl glycinamide as the primary degradant and minimization of degradation to phenytoin. If the pH is maintained at a lower or higher value, then the degradation pattern changes, with earlier than expected product failure.


The addition of prediction mechanisms in Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) applied to dynamic environments is essential in order to anticipate the changes in the landscape and maximize its adaptability. In previous work, a combination of a linear regression predictor and a Markov chain model was used to enable the EA to estimate when next change will occur and to predict the direction of the change. Knowing when and how the change will occur, the anticipation of the change was made introducing useful information before it happens. In this paper we introduce mechanisms to dynamically adjust the linear predictor in order to achieve higher adaptability and robustness. We also extend previous studies introducing nonlinear change periods in order to evaluate the predictor's accuracy.


The invention relates to an adhesive having water vapour barrier properties and comprising an adhesive base and optionally a solvent. The adhesive base includes at least one epoxy syrup, at least one elastomer, at least one initiator, optionally at least one tackifier resin and optionally at least one further reactive resin. A water vapour permeation rate after activation of the reactive resin component of the adhesive base without solvent is less than 100 g/m d, preferably of less than 60 g/m d, in particular less than 30 g/m d, wherein the epoxy syrup comprises bisepoxy monomers and high molecular weight uncrosslinked polyepoxies produced therefrom. The adhesive exhibits good barrier properties and is also sufficiently pressure sensitive to achieve easy handleability.


The problem of vibrations of thin, hereditarily deformable shell elements moving in a gas under the action of atmospheric turbulence is considered. The work aims to study the flutter phenomenon of aircraft elements in a gas flow under the action of loads caused by atmospheric turbulence. Assuming that the relationship between stresses and strains for the shell material is linear-hereditary, a thin shell is used, which obeys the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis. The aerodynamic force is written according to the linearized piston theory. A system of nonlinear integro-differential equations in partial derivatives is obtained to describe nonlinear oscillations of a thin isotropic viscoelastic shell. The system of nonlinear integro-differential equations is solved numerically by the method proposed by F. Badalov, which is based on the Bubnov-Galerkin methods, finite differences, and power series. When using an exponential kernel, the flutter rate increases to approximately 1.5%. Therefore, when using an exponential kernel, the flutter velocity of a viscoelastic shell practically coincides with the critical flutter velocity for ideally elastic plates. It was also found that the critical flutter velocity increases with an increase in the number of pinched sides of the shell.


In development and operation of the mask-making laboratory, a precise positional measurement system is needed. This paper describes a system based on a Do-all coordinate measurement machine, controlled by a PDP-8 computer. The computer handles all sequential operations as well as computation necessary for coordinate transformation and feature location. The result is a system which can measure an array of 208 points to an accuracy of ±1 μm in less than two hours. Without computer control, measurement of such an array is not feasible.


On the basis of the theoretical and empirical analyses published in the scientific literature, it can be stated that the concept of successful ageing presented in educational discourses is understood differently by authors and it is focused primarily on three issues related to 1/ spirituality, 2/ well-being, 3/ a sense of community. The article discusses research results aimed at comparing ways of understanding successful ageing in the scientific literature with ways of defining this term by young adults in Poland. The survey participants are pedagogy students. The article attempts to answer the following questions: 1/ How do young adults in Poland understand the concept of successful ageing?, 2/ To what extent do the ways of understanding this concept, which have been distinguished based on the analysis of empirical data, coincide with a typology created based on a review literature. Data analysis (cluster analysis) enables to distinguish two types of successful ageing understood as a link between transcendence and generativity. The third type consists of elements of Rowe and Kahn model which are supplemented with good family relations.


The aim of a software engineering discipline is to provide a reliable and quality software product. Its quality usually depends on several aspects that continuously change during the software's evolution. One of the aspects is a change in the source code structure. Inherently, such changes influence code quality and can thus affect a number of bugs in a software product. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the correlation between structural source code changes, made between software's versions, and the number of bugs. The results show that some structural changes have a moderate correlation with bugs in a software product.


Epitaxial vapor growth of germanium from GeI4 with hydrogen and argon atmosphere was studied. Growth occurred only in hydrogen atmosphere. Vapor etching of substrate was observed at relatively large GeI4 mole fraction in the case of hydrogen and all the cases in argon. Growth conditions were investigated, with changing various growth parameters. It was observed that the growth rates were greatly influenced by the carrier gas flow rate as well as the mole fraction and the substrate temperature. It was concluded that the growth occurred by the hydrogen reduction of GeI4 and not by the disproportionation reaction of GeI2 formed by the decomposition of GeI4 in hydrogen.


P has been available as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical since the 1960s. Interest and usage of this radiopharmaceutical has gone through periodic swings. P has many qualities which make it useful for radiopharmaceutical therapy. It has a half-life of 14.3 days, and an Emax of 1.7 MeV (mean 0.69 MeV). The range is 0.85 cm in tissue and the radionuclide emits Bremsstrahlung radiation. Over the years P has found clinical efficacy in painful bone metastases, myeloproliferative disorders, radiosynoviorthesis, and intra-cavitary therapy. We will deal with each topic in brief.


The arrival order in species colonization may be important to the communities' organization of perennial plants along environmental gradients. In estuarine gradients, the competitive exclusion may have great importance to species zonation regardless of their arrival order. However, priority effect has also been considered, since founder species may remain in the environment even with the later arrival of species of greater competitive ability. We evaluated whether the arrival order and priority effect influence the interspecific interaction between adult individuals (early-colonizing individuals) and young individuals (later-arriving individuals) of the perennial emergent estuarine aquatic macrophytes Spartina alterniflora (S) and Crinum americanum (C). We conducted a laboratory experiment with four cultures (monocultures of early-colonizing individuals of S; monocultures of early-colonizing individuals of C; cultures of early-colonizing individuals of S with introduction of later-arriving individuals of C; and cultures of early-colonizing individuals of C with introduction of later-arriving individuals of S) and two sediment types (lower and middle estuary sediment: salinity 32 and 20, respectively). We hypothesized that, due to the priority effect, in both sediment types (i) the later-arriving species would not establish itself in adult early-colonizing vegetation and (ii) the later-arriving species would not limit the growth of the early-colonizing species. Our results corroborate our hypotheses as the later-arriving individuals of S. alterniflora and C. americanum did not grow up and establish themselves in the heterospecific cultures of early-colonizing individuals in both sediment types. Furthermore, the growth of the early-colonizing individuals was not limited by the presence of the later-arriving individuals. We conclude that the arrival order and priority effect can influence the interspecific competition, communities' organization and spatial distribution of aquatic macrophytes in tropical estuaries.


An adjustable impedance tuner specially designed for high intensity focused ultrasound phased-array transducers is studied. A typical array is composed of a large number of piezoelectric transducers that are characterised by wide impedance dispersions due to manufacturing tolerances. Tuning manually each transducer of the phased-array adds a costly and time-consuming operation to the industrialisation. To solve this issue, an adjustable impedance tuner has been designed around digital variable reactances made with binary switched capacitance ladders.


It is known that the Newtonian cosmology (both for the Friedmann background and its linear perturbations) is not purely based on Newton's gravity, but a guided one by Einstein's theory. The action‐at‐a‐distance nature of Newton's gravity requires further verification from Einstein's theory for its use in the large‐scale nonlinear simulation. We provide its domain of validity in cosmology by investigating the weakly and fully nonlinear regimes in relativistic cosmology based on Einstein's gravity. In the weakly nonlinear approach the Einstein guided Newtonian cosmology is exactly valid to the second order in perturbation and pure relativistic correction terms start appearing from the third order, and are small in the large‐scale near horizon. We also provide fully nonlinear relativistic correction terms in the post‐Newtonian approach in cosmological situation. Perturbation approach is valid in weakly nonlinear regime but is applicable in strong gravity (including near and beyond horizon), whereas post‐Newt...


Introduction: Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, lockdown protocols for older adults were implemented globally to reduce their risks of contracting the virus. These restrictions could affect their physical activity (PA) and Quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to determine the association between physical activity level and quality of life of Filipino community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
Methods: An analytic observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Filipino community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 living in the Philippines during the pandemic from January 2020 - December 2022 were conveniently sampled and recruited online. They completed three questionnaires: 1) Sociodemographic information screening survey, 2) Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in Filipino (PASE-F) to measure physical activity level, and 3) Short-Form 36 Version 2 Philippines (Tagalog SF-36v2) to measure quality of life. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics; the association was assessed using Pearson's or Spearman's correlation. A p < .05 is significant.
Results: The study included 57 participants (69.65±7.11 years, range = 60-86; 79% female). The physical activity level was low (median = 131.8, interquartile range (IQR) = 90.7) during the pandemic. Regarding quality of life, the highest results were observed in social functioning (median = 75.00; IQR = 25.00) and lowest in role-physical (median = 62.50, IQR = 37.50). No association (p > .05, -0.3 < r < 0.3) was found between physical activity level and quality of life.
Discussion: The physical activity level of Filipino community-dwelling older adults during the pandemic was low, while the quality of life was highest in social functioning and lowest in role physical. However, there was a negligible and statistically insignificant association between the two health parameters. Studies with a larger population and in-person setting may be conducted to establish stronger evidence of its supposed relationship.


Second harmonic generation (SHG) was observed from halide, in particular, chlorine-containing glasses. The magnitude of SHG increased with increasing ZnCl2 concentration and poling time. Although the mechanism of SHG is still controversial, the deficiency of cations near the anode surface was detected. However, in this glass system, the polishing of the anode side showed no effect on SHG. However, the polishing of the cathode side significantly decreased the magnitude of SHG. Therefore, the SHG mechanism in this glass system is made evident for the first time in which the movement of anions resulting in an anion-deficient layer near the cathode side is able to cause SHG.


The results of reflectance measurements performed with a three-band passive radiometer with independent channels for solar irradiance reference are presented. Comparative operation between the traditional method that uses downward-looking field and reference white panel measurements and the new approach involving duplicated downward- and upward-looking spectral channels (each latter one with its own diffuser) is analyzed. The results indicate that the latter method performs in very good agreement with the standard method and is more suitable for passive sensors under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions (such as clouds, dust, mist, smog and other scatterers), since a more reliable synchronous recording of reference and incident light is achieved. Besides, having separate channels for the reference and the signal allows a better balancing of gains in the amplifiers for each spectral channel. We show the results obtained in the determination of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) corresponding to the period 2004–2007 field experiments concerning weed detection in soybean stubbles and fertilizer level assessment in wheat. The method may be used to refine sensor-based nitrogen fertilizer rate recommendations and to determine suitable zones for herbicide applications.


This study determined the efficacy beliefs of completely enumerated STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) teachers in a government-owned school in Rizal Province, Philippines and their role in the alignment of the intended, enacted and received Grade 11 science curriculum during the AY 2017-2018. Descriptive case study (qualitative research design) utilizing both qualitative and quantitative strategies, thoroughly examined the STEM curriculum and the teacher participants' teaching efficacy beliefs. Proper alignment of the intended and teacher efficacy beliefs-influenced enacted curriculum confirmed from the class interaction and students' engagement, resulted to a high passing rate of students in their final examination and a high percentage of students who obtained passing grades (received curriculum). These high level of efficacy beliefs helped the teacher cases come up with a better enacted curriculum consistent with the intended curriculum, which stimulated the received curriculum. These results may inform STEM teacher-trainings and in-service programs curricular assessment and evaluation as well, for improved implementation of the curricular reform. Furthermore, identification of congruence and gaps within the intended, enacted and received curriculum can be done to analyze the current status of the curriculum. Significantly, results may improve enacting the new curriculum (K to 12) that may better highlight the spiral progression of content standards and learning competencies for each grade level and emphasize connections and inter-relations in STEM to better prepare our Generation Z learners for the new industrial era.


In a major study funded by the NIAMS, a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), women with either inactive or stable systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) - a disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy tissues of the skin, joints and internal organs - were able to take oral contraceptives without increased risk of flares, or periods of increased disease activity,
 that characterize the disease.


Introduction Gender plays a significant role in defining leadership roles and determining the quality of services in organizations. Gender refers to social traits of men and women that range from norms and relationships to roles. Studies reveal that people's perceptions towards gender vary from one society to another and are subject to bound over time. The society instills behavior and norms, such as relationships between people from opposite sex or workmates, to people. The gender structures, relations, and social roles influence people's activities and approaches to handle challenges as well as leadership responsibilities. Essentially, leadership decisions and gender have a significant connection that should be evaluated to facilitate smooth operations in organization. Leadership refers to practical skills incorporating the ability of an individual to guide others towards attaining a common objective. Basically, leadership involves inspiring, guiding, communicating with the subordinates to execute the assignment at hand appropriately. Organizations have the responsibility to develop effective strategies for prosperous leadership. The progress of an organization depends on the leaders' ability to motivate the subordinates through promotions and other mechanisms. Essentially, the management bodies of different organizations review the performance of subordinates regularly to make informed decisions on promotions and retrenchment. The promotion process involves a series of analysis to determine the appropriate candidate to occupy a vacant position. Thus, both men and women focus on building relevant traits to be considered for promotion into top leadership positions. Research shows that gender balance and equality in leadership revolve around decisiveness, intelligence, and honesty. The paper seeks to discuss the theoretical approach of gender and leadership, gender differences in decision making, gender and time management well as the factors undermining the effectiveness of women in leadership.


{gamma} rays were measured at several angles in both singles and coincidence mode in the {sup 119}Sn({alpha},n{gamma}){sup 122}Te reaction at 15 MeV on a thick target. Lifetimes of excited states in {sup 122}Te were determined from a Monte Carlo Doppler shift attenuation method (DSAM) analysis of the Doppler broadened lines shapes of {gamma} rays de-exciting the levels. A comparison of several deduced lifetimes with recent results obtained with the (n,n{sup '}) reaction allowed us to validate the choice of a parameter used to calculate the contribution of the side feeding times. The ingredients of the DSAM line-shape analysis (stopping power, description of instrumental line shapes, and side feeding evaluation) are presented in some detail. It is concluded that with proper treatment of side feeding, a DSAM line-shape analysis of peaks in singles or coincidence spectra obtained following the ({alpha},n{gamma}) reaction is able to provide rather accurate values for the lifetimes of levels with low and medium spins.


improved wireless video communication is challenging since video stream is vulnerable to channel distortions. Hence, the need to investigate efficient scheme for improved video communications. This research work investigated broadcast schemes, and proposes smart broadcast technique as a solution for improved video quality over constrained network such as wireless network under tight constraints. The scheme exploits the concept of video analysis and adaptation principles in the optimization process. The experimental results obtained under different channel conditions demonstrate the capability of the proposed scheme in terms of improving the average received video quality performance over a constrained network.


Abstract. This review summarizes available data related to turfgrass evapotranspiration (ET c ) and crop coefficients (K c ) for both warm-season and cool-season grasses. Daily, monthly, or seasonal ET c rates and K c values determined at different locations in the U.S. are shown in this review, as well as the methods used to determine or estimate these values. Warm-season turfgrasses are characterized by their lower ET c rates compared to cool-season turfgrasses. Results showed that ET c is highly variable, not only between species but within same species. For example, 'Tifway' bermudagrass, a warm-season turfgrass, showed ET c values of 1.78 mm d -1 in central Florida and 4.83 mm d -1 in Colorado, whereas zoysiagrass showed an ET c value of 9.40 mm d -1 in Texas. On the other hand, creeping bentgrass showed an ET c value of 3.3 mm d -1 for 'Pennlinks' variety, while 'Seaside' showed an ET c value of 10.7 mm d -1 , both in Nebraska. This variability was affected by genotype and plant morphological characteristics but was also due to weather conditions. Variability was also observed in turfgrass K c . Minimum and maximum monthly K c values for cool-season grasses were estimated as 0.05 and 1.05, respectively; for warm-season grasses, monthly K c values ranged from 0.28 to 0.99. The lowest reported K c values within a turfgrass species could serve as selection criteria to breed new varieties resistant to drought or contributing to water savings. Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients should be used with awareness of the local conditions under which the values were developed.


Gene-editing provides an opportunity to address the significant challenges of population growth and climate change that impact food production. Given the important role of gene-editing in our food system, exploring opportunities to persuade public acceptance of the technology is needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate persuasive effects of metaphorical concepts regarding gene-editing in agriculture. The Elaboration Likelihood Model was used as the conceptual framework. Metaphors stand to influence public acceptance because metaphors encourage issue-relevant thinking and enhance persuasion. A quantitative, randomized, between-subjects, experimental research design was delivered via an online survey to a nationally representative sample of U.S. residents. The manipulation was four mock news articles differentiated by metaphorical concept for gene-editing in agriculture (creation versus text editor versus tool versus control). Even when controlling for confounding variables, the results indicated no significant differences between the treatments on issue-relevant thinking or willingness to share the article on social media. Future research should explore the impact of metaphorical concepts on attitude and other behavioral outcomes associated with elaboration.


The objective of this research is to describe language choice by the Student of the French Department, FBS, UNIMED. To know the role relationships and speech situations in using appropriate language choice, to know the dominant language in use in the French Student Community at Unimed. In collecting the language choice data, the writer use questionnaires given to the French Students Department at Unimed. Language choice data was analysed based on the value scale used by previous researches, i.e. Fishman (1972), Siregar (1998) in the form of M (mean) and SD (standard deviations). The findings of the research are : The role relationships between student-Lecturer has criteria BI-BP (Indonesian=French), the speech situations "greeting" has criteria LBBP (more French than Indonesian), the most dominant language use in LBBI (more Indonesian than French), that this behaviour is very sensitive to cause code switching among the students.


We construct a mathematical theory of Witten's Gauged Linear Sigma Model (GLSM). Our theory applies to a wide range of examples, including many cases with non-Abelian gauge group. Both the Gromov-Witten theory of a Calabi-Yau complete intersection X and the Landau-Ginzburg dual (FJRW-theory) of X can be expressed as gauged linear sigma models. Furthermore, the Landau-Ginzburg/Calabi-Yau correspondence can be interpreted as a variation of the moment map or a deformation of GIT in the GLSM. This paper focuses primarily on the algebraic theory, while a companion article will treat the analytic theory.


This study aims to determine a variogram model with kriging and co-kriging with point kriging and point co-kriging estimation based on linear, exponential, spherical, gaussian variogram models and in isotropic and anisotropic orientations. The research method includes assay analysis of 132 data with the primary variable (Ur) having 24 data and the secondary variable (C) having 126 data. Data processing was done by looking for a model for each method in isotropic and anisotropic orientations. The determination of the model used cross validation by looking at the regression parameters R2, SE, and SE prediction. The results obtained are the kriging method, the best model is the spherical and the co-kriging method is the exponential model. From the comparison of the two methods, the isotropic orientation is better than anisotropic in terms of error and the results of the co-kriging method have a better estimate than kriging.


chorus for treble voices and one solo of quite limited range. Song of the Holy Night, a Christmas choir cantata for mixed voices, by Roger C. Wilson, text written and compiled by Edith Sanford Tillotson. [Dayton, Ohio: Lorenz Publishing Co. 90c; librettos $1.50 per hundred.] An easy, conventional cantata for mixed chorus and four solo voices. The music is based on "Silent Night, Holy Night" and would be within the limits of any choir. -J. Russell Paxton


Using a national survey of U.S. residents this study examines racial, socioeconomic, and community explanations for the trust of local police. We hypothesize that the construct of social capital offers a nexus for explaining racial differences in attitudes toward the police. We measure social capital as a construct by aggregating together measures that assess the degree of trust and civic engagement in communities. The results indicate that depleted levels of perceived community social capital contribute to higher levels of distrust of local police. Social capital, however, partially mediates the relative distrust of Blacks toward the police. These findings suggest only partial support for a social capital explanation of Blacks' distrust in the police. The implications of these findings for police reform efforts to mend minority relations in urban cities are discussed.


The invention discloses a PC/ABS alloy with excellent chemical resistance. The PC/ABS alloy mainly comprises the components with the weight portions as follows: 30-70 portions of PC, 10-30 portions of ABS, 20-30 portions of SAN, 0-5 portions of toughener and 3-7 portions of PBT. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: the raw materials are weighed according to the weight proportion; all raw materials are put into a high-speed mixer to be mixed for 2 to 5 minutes; then the mixed raw material is arranged in a double-screw extruder to be extruded and granulated; the rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is 180-600 revolution/minute and the temperature is 180-260 DEG C. In the PC/ABS provided by the invention, PBT and crylic acid toughener are utilized to modify the PC/ABS, thereby being favorable for improving the solvent resistance of the PC/ABS alloy, wherein, the solvent resistance is improved to a great extent after the PBT is added, and the physical property of the PC/ABS is improved at the same time.


here by characterization of the Jewish population of Israel by the frequencies of a variety of drugs. The data analysis approach adopted is that of Partial Order Structuple (Scalogram) Analysis (POSA). This particular computer program used POSAC (POSA with Base Coordinates). The analysis revealed that it is possible to portray the distinct profiles (structuples) of respondents according to drug use in a two-dimensional space, with a substantive regularity relating both to legal (pain relievers) and illegal drugs (marijuana, methadon). This space also serves as a basis for discriminant analysis for age as an external background variable.


Many discussions of the relations between religion and education develop critical accounts either of certain religious ideas or educational assumptions. This paper takes a different tack by resisting assessment of particular religious views or framings of religion within education. Rather the paper attempts to elaborate some of the educational implications that certain views of religion entail. The discussion focuses on two conceptions of religion: one a propositional or worldview framing of religion, and the other characterised here as a hermeneutic or aesthetic view of religion. Many of the typical problems of religions influence on education, such as indoctrination and the competing rights between various agents, are solved if we shift from the former view of religion to the latter. Furthermore, the implications of the two are suggestive of a particular conception of subjectivity as a free agent that make choices. It is that conception of subjectivity that is influential both within religion and education: within religion as the idea of a subject who chooses to believe certain religious doctrines, and within education as the ultimate goal being understood as the development of rational autonomy. Paper Efforts to discuss the connections between religion and education can involve a delicate balance: one is often cast either as a believer (by secularists and atheists) who is committed to developing an apologetics for religious influence upon education, or as a sceptic (by the religiously committed) who rejects any and all such influences. I propose the timely idea of the 'postsecular' as some kind of mediation to soften what has become a rather stale polarisation. However, invoking this concept will be regarded with particular suspicion by secularists who often repeat that we have never been secular, never mind postsecular. Religious people might also be disappointed to discover no simple 'return of religion' through the postsecular. There is a middle ground between sceptic and believer, and many of us find ourselves in this sense, betwixt and between. This logically excluded, but in practice quite expansive, middle place is not, of course, neutral. It may be a place from which to catch sight of certain framings of the debate, framings which too readily allow polarisation into believers and sceptics. Standing in this middle, requires careful analysis of terms which, to draw on Foucault's genealogical method, "we tend to feel [are] without history" (Foucault 1980, 139). Certainly neither religion nor education are ahistorical, and so a genealogical orientation will be essential to what follows. But Foucauldian genealogy may not be methodologically adequate if we are holding out for something to be disclosed by way of the faculties of the incarnated consciousness, and so I present the tensions between the givenness of revelation and the projections of historical cultures, between history and truth, in terms of a hermeneutic phenomenology, a methodology that arises out of Heidegger, Gadamer and Ricoeur, and has begun to make substantial impacts upon contemporary discussions of religion and education (Aldridge 2016). I will try to resist defending any particular view of the nature of religion, of education, or of the legitimacy of any influence of one upon another. Concerning the term 'postsecular' I will also attempt to remain circumspect, understanding it as a recognition of the persistence of religion, rather than as a celebration of its return. The postsecular moment does speak to the need for greater religious literacy, and sensitivity concerning the resurgent interest in religiosity around the world. So rather than defend any particular perspective on postsecular religiosity, I will explore the educational implications of what I regard as two related but fundamentally different conceptions of what it might mean to be religious, two conceptions


1 School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学), Beijing, China 2 Key Laboratory of plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China 3 Protected Agricultural Technology Development Center, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China 4 Qinghai Forestry Department, Xining, China 5 Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada


Mike Russell describes a heritage tram service in the Netherlands that transports visitors around a large open air museum, utilising amongst other exhibits a fascinating replica car.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug tolerance of pathogens from senile patients with urinary tract infection, and provide reliable reference for rational clinical therapy. METHODS Urine samples from senile patients with urinary tract infection were collected and cultured. Isolated bacteria and their antibiotics resistance profiles were identified and analyzed with VITEK2-COMPACT system and NCCLS standards. RESULTS Isolated 319 bacterial strains were consisted with 198 Gram+, 75 Gram-bacteria and 46 fungi strains. Results from antibiotics sensitive tests suggested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli strongly resist to penicillins, cephalosporins, and quinolones, while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to clindamycin, but sensitive to ampicillin(100.00%) and most of other antibiotics, E. faecium(100.00%) was resistant to ampicillin, quinolones, clindamycin(100.00%) and erythromycin(100.00%) and sensitive to linezolid(4.76%) and tetracycline(21.40%). CONCLUSIONS Pathogens isolated from senile patients with urinary tract infection display strong drug tolerance. Strict control must be taken in antibiotics application in clinical therapy, to avoid multiple and nosocomial infection.


BACKGROUND:  Given the increasing use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for various neurologic conditions and uncertainty pertaining to its benefits and harms, a systematic review was conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating IVIG for all neurologic indications for which there was at least one published trial.


(PPC) model with a new objective function is applied to evaluate the CFR during 1994 to 2012. Four rules for establishing valid PPC model are put forward in this paper, and the real optimal projection vector coefficients as well as others parameters are obtained by applying artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Positive research shows that PPC model is suited to evaluate CFR, and a valid PPC model as well as six subsystem models for six aspects of CFR is established. The CFR level during 1994 to 2012 generally lies on Proper-safety level except that in 2008 belongs to Risk level. In terms of the six aspects of CFR, the bank risk is the greatest and the second is the risk of economic growth.


The subject of moral education is the people,so it should follow some psychological theories.This paper analyses the components of moral and the study angles of moral education to discuss the psychological theories of various moral education schools in order to promote active exploration by moral education workers and expand the traditional model.We should be people-oriented,follow the laws and improve the effectiveness of moral education to truly guide the practice of school moral education.


Many moral panic scholars have noted a general failure to examine emotion and media effects on individuals in moral panic literature and have recommended a psychological approach to address this problem. We propose that cognitive neoassociation theory, and especially the associationistic aspect, can explain emotions and resulting actions generated by individuals in moral panics. We provide a theoretical framework for the psychological and emotional course of moral panics through cognitive neoassociation theory. We examine the specific case of businesses that were forced to rebrand from names containing "Isis," employing quantitative and qualitative methods to demonstrate the inadequacy of prevailing theories and the explanatory power of cognitive neoassociation theory. We conclude with some further directions for psychological research into moral panics.


Rhododendron niveum, a beautiful purple-flowered small tree rhododendron species, is rare. It is considered endemic to Sikkim (India) and Bhutan, with only small numbers reported in the wild and, presently, only one protected population in Sikkim. For Sikkim rhododendrons, systematic assessment of populations and explorations has been limited. This study, for the first time, reports the discovery of two new populations in Khangchendzonga National Park, a core zone of Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (Sikkim), along Tholung-Kisong transect in Dzongu landscape. The first population, a shrubbery habitat (3,000 m altitude) had a maximum of approximately 150 younger plants. The second, an Abies densa forest (3,300 m) revealed a maximum of approximately 15 individuals only, of relatively high diameter classes. Further population explorations are strongly recommended, with positive results a great possibility in the region. Conservation management, with scientific back-up, for the protection of newly discovered populations is urgently needed. Being hexaploid, R. niveum offers prospects of good results for in-situ conservation.


In the last decades induced earthquakes are taking place more frequently in Groningen. This is due to gas extraction form the soil. Buildings are damaged by the earthquakes and building collapse is possible in the near future. Houses in Groningen are commonly build up out of single leaf masonry cavity walls and are not designed for earthquake loads. Oosterhof Holman and SealteQ Group have designed a masonry reinforcing method that is called Quake-Shield. Quake-Shield is an unique reinforcing method and consists out of a combination of two existing independent seismic reinforcing measures. These two existing independent seismic reinforcing measures are: NSM FRP strips and an EB FRP layer. Carbon strips are placed in vertical grooves in the masonry which are filled with a ductile adhesive to bond the strips to the masonry (NSM FRP strips). A polymer or cementitious base layer with an embedded polymer or carbon mesh is attached to one side of the masonry on the outer surface (EB FRP layer). Both reinforcing measures increase stiffness, strength and ductility of the masonry. These three factors result in an increase in earthquake energy absorption and dissipation of the masonry. Which is important when reinforcing houses and buildings to prevent collapse due to earthquake loads. In this project a FEM model is made based on a three point bend test (out-of-plane bending) performed on Quake-Shield reinforced masonry samples. The FEM model is used to develop knowledge about the effect of combining two existing independent seismic reinforcing measures as used in the Quake-Shield masonry reinforcing method. The FEM model is a 3D model with a simplified micro-model approach for the masonry. The bricks are solid elements, the reinforcing materials are shell elements and the mortar and the ductile adhesive are interface elements. The bond-slip behaviour of the ductile adhesive has a significant contribution in the behaviour of Quake-Shield reinforced masonry. The mechanical properties of the ductile adhesive determines mainly the pre and post peak behaviour of the reinforced masonry. Providing gradually decline in load bearing capacity after the peak load. The EB FRP layer has a significant contribution to the reinforced masonry in the displacement range from the initiation of the first crack in the masonry till the onset of yielding of the EB FRP layer. In this range the EB FRP layer is the dominant reinforcing measure. After yielding of the EB FRP layer the NSM CFRP strip becomes the most dominant of the two. The EB FRP layer also provides cohesion between the individual bricks, keeping the masonry wall together after severe cracking has taken place. The FEM model is also used for a configuration analysis to research different geometrical and material variations of the Quake-Shield masonry reinforcing method. The configuration analysis gives more insight in the behaviour of reinforced masonry. For the configuration analysis two independent seismic reinforcing measures, NSM FRP strips and EB FRP layer, are applied separately to the FEM model. This is done to investigate its individual effect on the behaviour of reinforced masonry. Strip spacing has a significant effect on the load bearing capacity. If an epoxy is used as adhesive, which is much stronger and stiffer than the adhesive used by Quake-Shield, an increase in load bearing capacity is achieved but also sudden failure after the peak load is observed. This is an undesirable failure mode and reduces the total energy that the reinforced masonry can absorb. Results of the different configurations used for the EB layer show that the polymer (PU) base layer has the most significant contribution of the used EB FRP layer materials when considering overall ductility and energy absorption of the reinforced masonry.


This paper is the third in a series of papers studying equivalence classes of fuzzy subgroups of a given group under a suitable equivalence relation. We introduce the notion of a pinned flag in order to study the operations sum, intersection and union, and their behavior with respect to the equivalence. Further, we investigate the extent to which a homomorphism preserves the equivalence. Whenever the equivalences are not preserved, we have provided suitable counterexamples.


Acknowledgments Introduction The 1920s: Diversity and the Beginnings of Professionalism In Search of Professional Standards: Changes in the AASW Membership Requirements Social Workers and Political Action: AASW Involvement in Social Planning During the Depression Social Work and Public Service: Efforts toward a Professional Public Welfare Program Confusion and Consolidation: Professional Identification During World War II Public Service vs. Professional Standards: Conflict in Social Work Education in the 1940s Broadening the Knowledge Base: Social Work's Use of Social Science in the 1950s Attempts at Unity: Formation of the National Association of Socal Workers Conclusion Bibliographical Note Bibliography Index


The mental health of ambulance clinicians is a national priority. For student paramedics, the risk and inherent vulnerability to poor mental wellbeing are significant. However, evidence exploring support in universities for paramedic students and the role of academic faculty in this within paramedic preregistration programmes is limited. To explore the experiences and perceptions of university lecturers towards supporting student paramedic wellbeing. A qualitative research design was adopted to explore the experiences of six paramedic senior lecturers from three urban universities. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Themes of 'navigating the professional role,' 'the whole student', 'enabling cultural change' and 'supporting resilience and preparedness for practice' were identified. University lecturers play a crucial role in student paramedic wellbeing and the unique role and identity of paramedic academics should be embraced. Paramedic programmes should consider a proactive approach to emotional health within the curriculum, alongside peer support, student-centred initiatives and tailored trauma support.


The invention provides a blood oxygen circulation improving device based on electric impulse stimulation. The blood oxygen circulation improving device enables lower limbs to be driven to move under electric stimulation, quickly and effectively alleviates local fatigue, improves the vein blood pumping function of lower limbs, and improves blood circulation of lower limbs. The device comprises a disc-shaped housing, a control circuit arranged in the housing, and foot pads that are symmetrically disposed on the top surface of the housing and can be conductive. The control circuit generates electric impulse stimulation signals. The electric stimulation input ends of the foot pads are connected to the electric impulse stimulation signals of the output end of the control circuit. A protruding support shaft is disposed in the center of the bottom surface of the housing. The axis of the support shaft is perpendicular to the symmetric axis of each foot pad. Electric stimulation and passive motion are combined, the device functions on the basis of electric stimulation that is non-toxic, harmless, green, safe and noninvasive and functions through passive motion under the stress reaction of electric stimulation, swings under the driving of the support shaft, and smoothly enables a user to automatically move the ankle joints without active participation of the user.


The author argues that the repeated attempts to classify Pinter's work under the rubric of "theater of the absurd" have led critics to largely ignore the political dimension of the playwright's works.


This research applies the latest formal technique for human error prediction Human Error Template (HET) to evaluate standard operating procedures for performing a go-around in a large commercial transport aircraft. HET was originally developed in response to the requirement for formal methods to assess compliance with the new large civil aircraft human factors certification rule introduced to reduce the incidence of design-induced error on the flight deck (EASA Certification Specification 25.1302). A total of 67 Aircraft B pilots participated in this study including 25 captains and 42 first officers. This research finds that there are three types of errors with high likelihood committed by pilots during performing go-around, 'Fail to execute'; 'Task execution incomplete'; and 'Task executed too late'. Therefore, there is a raising need to investigate further impact to flight safety for such errors occurred. Many of the errors that were found were the types of errors that most pilots were aware of and have simply had to accept on the flight deck. It is hoped that human factors certification standards would help to ensure that many of these errors are not included on future aircraft.


This research takes place in an industrial context: the CONTINEW Company. This company ensures the storage and security of critical data and technical documentation. The term "technical documentation" refers to different documents with product-related data and information that are used and stored for different purposes, such as user manuals and product specifications. They are strongly structured, but different authors have used different styles and models for document construction. The management of this increasing volume of documents requires document classification in order to retrieve information quickly and to construct a standard model for each category of documents.


A flaw evaluation code for nuclear power plants has been developed at the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) in 2000 and revised adding inspection rules in 2002. Then the code consists of inspection for nuclear components and evaluation procedures of flaws in Class 1 components detected during in-service inspection. This paper introduces the summary of the JSME Code and describes two kinds of allowable flaw sizes, Acceptance Standards and Acceptance Criteria, for Class 1 pipes in the flaw evaluation procedures. In addition, these allowable flaws are compared with those in the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Code Section XI.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The invention relates to an arrangement (1) and a method for measuring a filling level in a container by means of a sensor (S) and a measurement controlling operating and evaluation unit (2) that the sensor (S) (by means of lines L1, L2, LG) energized. The invention has set itself the object to provide an arrangement which ensures a precise measurement of the level. According to the invention it is proposed that at least one line by means of a switch (S1) can be interrupted and / or to a reference potential (UR) can be placed and a first step measurements of electrical potential differences (UR) between the three non-interrupted lines (L1, L2, LG) comprising disrupted in a second step, at least one of the three lines (L1, L2, LG) and / or to a reference potential (UR) is placed, the potential difference (ADC12, ADC23) of the other two lines is measured and in a third step operating and evaluation unit (2) determines the filling level from the results of the measurements of the two preceding steps.


Thermodynamics of micellar systems Part III : Apparent and partial heat capacities of sodium alkanoates To obtain the heat capacities of the aqueous solutions of the sodium carboxylates, we carry out microcalorimetric heat capacities measurements. The aim of this work is to calculate the quantities of the apparent and partial molar heat capacities, and also to define the critical micellar concentrations. The variations of the partial molar heat capacities by increment -CH2 allows us to give prove for products supposed to form true micelles and products do not form micelles. To discuss the solute-solvent and solutesolute interactions we used the standard apparent molar heat capacities.


Classification based on sequential pattern data has become an important topic to explore. One of research has been carried was the Classify-By-Sequence, CBS. CBS classified data based on sequential patterns obtained from AprioriLike sequential pattern mining. Sequential patterns obtained were called CSP, Classifiable Sequential Patterns. CSP was used as classifier rules or features for the classification task. CBS used AprioriLike algorithm to search for sequential patterns. However, AprioriLike algorithm took a long time to search for them. Moreover, not all sequential patterns were important for the user. In order to get the right and meaningful features for classification, user uses a constraint in sequential pattern mining. Constraint is also expected to reduce the number of sequential patterns that are short and less meaningful to the user. Therefore, we developed CBS_CLASS* with Single Constraint Progressive Mining of Sequential Patterns or Single Constraint PISA or PISA*. CBS_Class* with PISA* was proven to classify data in faster time since it only processed lesser number of sequential patterns but still conform to user's need. The experiment result showed that compared to CBS_CLASS, CBS_Class* reduced the classification execution time by 89.8%. Moreover, the accuracy of the classification process can still be maintained.


We report a quantum key distribution (QKD) system that uses light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) at 1310 nm as optical sources. Compared to the normally used laser diodes (LDs), LEDs are easier to manufacture and integrate, and thus have the potential to reduce the costs of practical systems. To demonstrate the feasibility of a low-cost, integratable QKD system that aims at meeting the demand of the last-mile secure communication, we utilize LEDs at 1310 nm as the optical sources, while using only passive optical components and only one single photon detector at the receiver's side. With a repetition rate of 10 MHz, we obtain secure key rates of 10.9 kbps within the experimental time of 1000 s over a fiber length of 1 km.


This technical report briefly describes L3DGEWorld 2.3, a product of the L3DGE Project [1]. L3DGEWorld is a data visualisation tool based on the OpenArena derivative of the Quake III Arena game engine, being used in the monitoring and control of networks. The report describes the input interface specification for conveying information to the L3DGEWorld server for real-time visualisation and representation as a number of different visual characteristics, and the output abstraction layer through which actions are conveyed from within the virtual environment and made available to external output daemons to interpret and perform real world actions based upon.


The authors construct a of indicator system to measure the sustainable development of forest eco-economy in Chifeng City,propose the method and model of evaluation,and carry on the measurement and the evaluation on sustainable development of forest eco-economy during 2000-2004.


BACKGROUND
Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) is a 66 kDa bacterial toxin that is able to bind to mammalian cells, undergo receptor mediated endocytosis, and translocate its C-terminal catalytic domain into the cytosol. We investigated whether PE could be used in vivo to deliver CD8+ T-cell epitopes to the MHC-class I antigen presentation pathway to trigger a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response.

METHODS
Amino acid 553 of PE was deleted to eliminate toxin catalytic activity, and amino acids 204-386 of ovalbumin were fused near the nontoxic PE C-terminus to produce PE(D)-OVA200. Mice were vaccinated with 100 microg of PE(D)-OVA200 3 times at 21 day intervals. Splenocytes were harvested 1 week later, and stimulated in vitro with ovalbumin expressing EG7 murine thymoma cells. In vivo tumor protection experiments were performed by vaccinating groups of mice as before, followed by a lethal dose of ovalbumin expressing tumor cells (MO5) injected subcutaneously.

RESULTS
Splenocytes from PE(D)-OVA200 vaccinated mice lysed (51)Cr labeled EG7 cells but not the untransfected EL4 parent cell line, whereas splenocytes from mice immunized with PBS, PE(D), or ovalbumin were unable to lyse EG7 cells. Cytotoxicity in vitro was mediated by CD8+ T-cells. PE(D)-OVA200 vaccinated mice survived (88%) a lethal subcutaneous challenge of ovalbumin expressing MO5 cells. Depletion of CD8+ cells from PE(D)-OVA200 vaccinated mice abolished this protection, indicating that this cell population is required for tumor rejection in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that PE(D) may be used as a vehicle to stimulate a protective CTL response to heterologous antigen in vivo.


By adopting methods of documentation,case study,observation and comparison,this article has summarized the training from November 2003 to June 2004 in special technique and special physical fitness of high jumper Jiang Hai-yan who is the international master sportswoman,analyzed the training effects,and pointed out the main training task in the next phase,aiming for providing reference for advanced high jumper's training in China.


By artificial water stress, the photosynthesis and output in Xiang Zhu Dou, one breed of Vicia faba L. in Chongqing,was studied. As the degree of soil drought increased, the net photosynthetic rate and photo saturation point decreased, while photo compensation point and CO 2 compensation point increased, photo respiration increased. The growth of plant slowed down and the accumulation of assimilate production decreased. Ultimately, the height of stem, length of root, the weight of stem and root, the area of leaf, the number and weight of root nodule, the number of flower and fruitage decreased greatly, while the root top ratio increased. These were the major reasons for the decrease of accumulation of biomass in V. faba L.


The operational definition of a quantum mechanical weak value involves the limit of the weak measurement strength tending to zero. I study the continuity of this limit with respect to the case when there is no weak measurement and find that sometimes a discontinuity occurs. In these discontinuous cases, the weak value does not represent the undisturbed system. Conclusions drawn from such weak values regarding the properties of these systems can therefore not be upheld.