The utility model relates to a photoelectric interaction white board device capable of switching a light filter, which consists of a camera, a processing circuit, an interface circuit and the like, wherein the camera is connected to the processing circuit, and the interface circuit is also connected to the processing circuit. The utility model is characterized in that the photoelectric interaction white board device also comprises a micro motor which is also connected to the processing circuit, a rotating shaft of the micro motor is connected to a light filter switching support frame, and the light filter is fixed on the light filter switching support frame. In the automatic coordinate correction process, the micro motor rotates for driving the light filter switching support frame, so infrared rays go away from a lens of the camera through the light filter, in the normal operation, the processing circuit controls the micro motor for transferring the infrared rays to the position in front of the lens of the camera through the light filter, visible light is filtered out, and most of infrared rays of a signal pen can pass through the lens. Thereby, the automatic coordinate correction can be realized without interference by the visible light by adopting the photoelectric interaction white board system of the utility model.


Over the last two decades of Nigeria's transition from military to civilian rule, the country has experienced series of conflicts, crises and crashes. The repeated inadequacies of the government to tackle this menace has disillusioned many Nigerian citizens. It appears the efforts made by the government are not good enough. The thrust of this paper is to look at peace education as a catalyst for sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper looks at the concepts of peace and peace education, strategies for peace education, sustainable development as well as peace education and sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper concludes that Nigerians must embrace peace education in all facets of our daily life until lasting peace is attained in the country.


We introduce a classifier based on the L∞ norm. This classifier, called Linf, is a composition of four stages (transforming, projecting, binning, and covering) that are designed to deal with the curse of dimensionality, computational complexity, and nonlinear separability. Linf is not a hybrid or modification of existing classifiers; it employs a new covering algorithm. The accuracy of Linf on widely-used benchmark datasets is comparable to the accuracy of competitive classifiers and, in some important cases, exceeds the accuracy of competitors. Its computational complexity is sub-linear in number of instances and number of variables and subquadratic in number of classes.


Nondestructive neutron activation analysis is by now a well-established technique for the analysis of ancient silver coins. The high activation cross-section of silver for thermal neutrons makes it possible to also use this method with the low neutron fluxes available from an isotopic neutron source. In this case due consideration must be given to minimize the self-shielding effect which is encountered with coins above a few tenths of a millimetre thickness. A simple method for the determination of the silver, copper and gold content in silver coins based on the self-shielding properties of silver alloys of different fineness is described. The method has been found to be useful for the quick routine assay of silver coins for the purpose of their classification. Seventeen ancient Burmese silver coins from three different cultural periods of Burma, and two British coins for comparison have been analyzed by this method.


During August in Chongqing of China, Southwest China Normal University held the International Conference of the Reform of Mathematics Curriculum And Its Education in the 21st Century. This Beijing ICM 2002 Satellite Conference provided an invaluable opportunity for the participants to examine mathematics education curriculum development from an international perspective, as well as to consider problems encountered. It also provided opportunities for us to reflect on our own curriculum reform. As it was desirable to make known the proposals of the invited speakers to the Chinese audience, this paper summarized curriculum developments in countries that had a bearing on China's forthcoming curriculum reform, as well as to make an initial comparison between the Eastern and Western countries.


Certain polyelectrolyte gels are distinguished by a large swelling or bending capability under the influence of external physical, chemical or electrical stimuli. In this paper we investigate the mechanisms occurring in polyelectrolyte gels due to externally applied electric fields. By applying a coupled chemo-electro-mechanical model which is extended and predestined for electrical stimulation, we describe the concentrations and the electric potential in both the gel and the solution as well as the locally different swelling and shrinking in the gel. The local change of geometry is formulated by a local osmotic pressure difference between the gel and the solution next to the gel phase. In addition to this effect, the change of the local gel domain leads to a local variation of the concentration of bound groups and thus to a change of the local concentrations of mobile ions. As the focus of the presented work we demonstrate the superiority of the fully coupled chemo-electro-mechanical description compared to the previously developed one-way chemo-electric to mechanical coupled model. Finally, by a qualitative comparison with experimental results, the validity of the fully coupled chemo-electro-mechanical model for electrical stimulation is demonstrated.


"Newspace" mega-constellations, such as Starlink and OneWeb are gaining tremendous popularity, with the promising potential to provide high-capacity and low-latency communication globally. However, very little is known about the architecture and performance of such emerging systems, the workload they have to face, as well as the impact of topological options on the attainable network performance.This paper presents StarPerf, a mega-constellation performance simulation platform that enables constellation manufacturers and content providers to estimate and understand the achievable performance under a variety of constellation options. The proposed platform integrates two key techniques: (1) performance simulation for mega-constellation, which captures the impact of the inherent high mobility in satellite networks and profiles the area-to-area attainable network performance; (2) constellation scaling, which synthesizes various topological options by scaling the space resource and enables exploration on multiple operating conditions that can not be easily reproduced. To demonstrate the effectiveness of StarPerf on understanding and optimizing satellite networks, we leverage StarPerf to evaluate and compare the performance of several state-of-the-art low earth orbit (LEO) constellations and obtain insights on optimizing the architectural design to improve area-to-area network performance. Finally, to further show how applications can benefit from the proposed simulator, we propose an adaptive relay selection algorithm that can intelligently choose the optimal relay on cloud platforms and LEO satellites to achieve reduced latency. Evaluation results show that by properly selecting a relay in the satellite-cloud integrated infrastructure, end-to-end communication latency can be reduced by up to 62% for typical interactive traffic.


This paper presents cube and dynamic cube attacks on reduced-round lightweihgt block cipher SIMON32/64, proposed by U.S. National Security Agency in 2013. Cube attack is applied to 17 rounds out of 32 rounds of SIMON using a 13-round distinguisher and dynamic cube breaks 14 rounds out of 32 rounds using 10-round distinguishers. Both attacks recover the full 64-bit key of the cipher in a practical time complexity.


This paper presents a critical analysis of the multi-semester attempt to improve a second year unit in authoring within a multimedia course. The unit has a reputation for being difficult, has a significant failure rate and multiple students repeat the unit before passing it. Based on the authors' previous success implementing more authentic activities in a first year unit, this represents the first of two articles describing two planned stages of increased application of the principles of scaffolding. It was our judgement, supported by a literature review, that judicious application of the constructivist principles of scaffolding in particular were going to be a fruitful approach and that these were critical to improving the previous levels of student satisfaction and performance. The reasons for this judgement and the planned solution are presented, as well as a summary protocol for assessing the likely changes.


The implementation of active RFID in the mining industry provides application solutions that support the required health and safety initiatives that are employed globally. The deployment of active RFID involves many divisions/departments within an organization. In many instances, the coherent flow of communications and data between the different divisions of an organization, in this case an ore mining facility, are complex in nature. To deploy and commission an active RFID solution involves intricate processes, workflows and strong relationships between the different divisions within an organization. Wavetrend, in partnership with its solutions partners, provides a solution suite that can be seamlessly integrated into the mining sector. When integrating the Wavetrend solution into a mine's operational methodology and structure, advantageous effects in mining productivity and risk management are experienced. In addition to the mining section, the tunneling sector has successfully implemented active RFID for the location of workers on the construction site of the Gottherd Tunnel project in Switzerland in 2002 through 2005, and most recently in the Brisbane Tunnel project in Australia commenced in 2007. This paper identifies and discusses the valuable solutions Wavetrend has developed, in the successful development and deployment of active RFID in the mining and tunneling sectors. The advantages of active RFID solutions over more conventional techniques will also be identified. The paper also discusses the challenges faced by the different parties involved. Active RFID Solutions Support Health and Safety Global Initiatives for the Mining Industry In June of 2006, US Congress sent the "Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response (MINER) Act" to the President of the United States. White Paper | June 2008 Active RFID Solutions Support Health and Safety Global Initiatives for the Mining Industry 2 © 2008 Wavetrend Technologies Limited Europe and Middle East – Corporate Office +44 (0)20 8334 8400 USA, Canada and South America (703) 539 8502 South Africa and Australia +27 (0) 462 2633 Asia +65 632 8986 The industry as we see it Anyone that is familiar with the mining industry and its regulations willingly acknowledges that it is no trivial matter to specify, design and deploy a robust, reliable solution into a mission critical environment, where every problem seems similar, yet is actually very different and complex in nature. The mining industry relies heavily on producing the maximum amount of ore in each working shift. It is therefore evident that the success of a particular mining facility is largely dependent on its productivity. As productivity increases, the potential risk and operational cost of the operation also increases. Based on our experiences, there are operational and risk factors that can be managed, and also minimized by adopting and deploying the Wavetrend mining solution. Wavetrend, responsible for the design and manufacturing of innovative active RFID solutions, achieved a successful deployment stage by partnering with industry leaders in the mining industry. By entering into strategic joint ventures, Wavetrend has been able to rapidly deploy customized solutions that are seamlessly integrated throughout the mining operations and support the required health and safety mandates. Examples of such strategic joint ventures are with companies such as NLT (Northern Light Technologies) in Australia and Canada, MinLog (Mining Logistics) in South Africa, and also the joint venture between CSI (Core System Integration) and Royal Access Control in South Africa. Accompanied by Wavetrend, these companies form formidable partnerships in the mining sector, for both the open and underground mining verticals. The challenges that exist Throughout an active RFID mining solution life cycle, there are constant and sometimes complex challenges that exist. As with all large active RFID deployment projects, some of the mission critical challenges could be technical, logistical and/or process related and should be dealt with seamlessly and effectively. Wavetrend with its strategic solutions partners has developed successful, proven, reliable processes and methodologies, to efficiently implement the right solution first time, whether it be a human, asset and/or vehicle tracking solution in the mining sector. It is essential before system rollout that the companies agree on clear project specifications and deployment strategy. It is standard practice for Wavetrend to adopt a phased approach to project implementation, which tends to be the best method for deploying an active RFID mining solution. Firstly, an initial pilot phase is completed, followed by a proof of concept phase, which then leads to an enhancement of the proof of concept already deployed. The next logical step, and the final phase in the deployment cycle, is total system deployment. This system deployment methodology can easily be adopted in focused, problem solving applications. The integration and deployment of active RFID solutions in the mining industry pose challenges to the mine's day-to-day operations. The adoption of the technology throughout the mine is in some cases slow. The slow adoption of the technology is due to old rudimentary legacy systems that remain. The mining environment is one of the most hostile and risk-intensive working environments imaginable, so to convince mine authorities to convert operations and proven legacy processes to implement an active RFID solution is a even greater challenge. Wavetrend with its solutions partners is able to successfully approach, convince and work with the mining sector to embrace active RFID solutions purely on demonstrating the following factors: Ease of operation and integration of the system in existing legacy operational structures. Wavetrend, responsible for the design and manufacturing of innovative active RFID solutions, achieved a successful deployment stage by partnering with industry leaders in the mining industry. White Paper | June 2008 Active RFID Solutions Support Health and Safety Global Initiatives for the Mining Industry 3 © 2008 Wavetrend Technologies Limited Europe and Middle East – Corporate Office +44 (0)20 8334 8400 USA, Canada and South America (703) 539 8502 South Africa and Australia +27 (0) 462 2633 Asia +65 632 8986 Benefit and increase of productivity, but not at the expense of risk. Decreased risk throughout the mine. Expedited communications/ processes in the mining environment. These are factors that enable the mining sector to embrace active RFID technology and solutions. Wavetrend and its solutions partners have successfully approached and negotiated the deployment of projects in the mining sector. By being able to locate and track assets successfully, more time can be allocated towards productive activities. Technology we provide Throughout the active RFID industry, Wavetrend is known as a leader in the development and deployment of value added active RFID products. The innovative Wavetrend RFID product range is comprised of two main product categories: Robust, low current consumption beacon type tag devices consisting of several form factors. An OEM robust receiver module capable of integration within any intrinsically safe certified platform. Each of the Wavetrend tag and receiver devices used in the mining sector conforms to the intrinsically safe design and manufacturing specifications. Wavetrend and its manufacturer partners are subject to regular audits to ensure quality and certification compliance to the rules and regulations enforced by the intrinsically safe governing bodies. Within the market sector, there are various solutions and technologies one can deploy in the mining sector. In order to quantify and establish which technology could be the ideal solution to implement, it is necessary to obtain answers to these questions: What is the unit cost per tag and receiver device? What is the operational frequency of the tags? What is the data structure of the protocol, and is it user configurable? What is the lifespan of each tag device? How easy is the deployment of product? How easy is it to maintain the system? Does the product vendor provide professional services as an added value? Is the product to be tagged metallic or non-metallic? The Forward and Reverse tracking solution from Wavetrend and NLT (Northern Light Technologies) is providing the mining industry location information but also with a valuable, reliable communications link to the mining personnel, for both the open and underground mining verticals. The technology provided by Wavetrend and its solutions partner NLT is unique, for instance, in that the technology facilitates the relaying of data and communications messages from anywhere within the mine and to the command center in a matter of seconds as opposed to the older rudimentary legacy feeder systems. This enhancement in communications is revolutionary to the mining and tunneling industries. Each of the Wavetrend tag and receiver devices used in the mining sector conforms to the intrinsically safe design and manufacturing specifications. Wavetrend and its manufacturer partners are subject to regular audits to ensure quality and certification compliance to the rules and regulations enforced by the intrinsically safe governing bodies. White Paper | June 2008 Active RFID Solutions Support Health and Safety Global Initiatives for the Mining Industry 4 © 2008 Wavetrend Technologies Limited Europe and Middle East – Corporate Office +44 (0)20 8334 8400 USA, Canada and South America (703) 539 8502 South Africa and Australia +27 (0) 462 2633 Asia +65 632 8986 An example of such a successful deployment of active RFID solutions is the Brisbane tunnel project located in Australia (Brisbane). Wavetrend and its solutions partner, NLT, have successfully deployed a solution to locate, track and communicate with assets throughout the construction site.Wavetr


1 Untreated rats, and rats treated with methimazole (0.05% w/v in drinking water) or thyroxine (1 mg/kg, s.c., three times weekly) for 4–6 weeks to induce hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism respectively, were used to study the influence of thyroid hormone upon negative chronotropic and inotropic responses mediated by cardiac muscarinic receptors, and upon the affinity of these receptors for atropine. 2 Negative chronotropic effects of methacholine were investigated by establishing partial concentration‐response curves for isolated preparations of right atria. Methacholine was least potent in tissues from thyroxine‐treated rats. 3 Isolated left atria paced at 3 Hz, and spontaneously beating right atria, were used in studies of the negative inotropic effects of methacholine. This agonist was least potent in atria from the thyroxine‐treated rats in which it also produced the smallest maximal responses. 4 The negative inotropic effects of carbachol were examined on left atria paced at 3, 5 and 5.8 Hz to approximate the basal contraction rates of isolated right atria from methimazole‐treated, untreated control and thyroxine‐treated rats, respectively. At each of these frequencies, carbachol was most potent in atria from methimazole‐treated rats, and least potent in atria from thyroxine‐treated rats. Maximal responses were smallest in the latter group. 5 pA2 values for atropine with methacholine as the agonist were obtained by the method of Arunlakshana & Schild (1959) for spontaneously beating right atria (negative chronotropic and inotropic effects) and left atria paced at 3 Hz (negative inotropic effects). Slopes of Schild plots did not differ from minus one in tissues from each of the experimental groups; pA2 values were similar, indicating that thyroid status is without effect upon the affinity of this antagonist for muscarinic receptors mediating both negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. 6 The results are discussed in the light of reports that hypothyroidism increases, and hyperthyroidism decreases the numbers of high affinity muscarinic receptor binding sites in the rat myocardium.


It is a major concern to care for the sick and elderly people who require assistance throughout the day. This paper presents a development model that continuously monitors medical data such as pulse rate, body temperature, and oxygen level of those patients. This will allow care takers to view their real-time medical information via their edge devices. The model was promoted by integrating an Arduino controller with relevant sensors to monitor temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation levels. Furthermore, this application will consistently transmit medical data to a master computer that serves as a cloud server. In turn, the server will instantly update data on the Android device.


The invention relates to a water alkyd resin emulsion and a preparation method thereof. The emulsion contains emulsifier resin and host alkyd resin, and the weight ratio of the two is between 3 to 1 and 1 to 3; emulsion particles are the host alkyd resin of which the exterior surface is surrounded by the emulsifier resin; the theoretical acid value of the emulsifier resin is between 10 and 20 milligram KOH/g; the emulsifier resin is formed by neutralizing alkyd resin via volatile amine, wherein the alkyd resin is obtained by jointly modifying an addition product and polyurethane; the dosage of the volatile amine is 1.0 to 2.5 percent of the gross weight of the emulsifier resin; the addition product is the polymer containing nonionic hydrophilic ether linkage; a molecule of the emulsifier resin contains anionic hydrophilic carboxyl and nonionic hydrophilic ether linkage; and the acid value of the host alkyd resin is less than or equal to 5 milligram KOH/g, and the host alkyd resin is hydrophobic resin. The coating-4 cup viscosity change of the emulsion is less than 5 percent after six-month storage, and is more than a half lower than the prior water alkyd resin emulsion sold on market, thereby the storage stability of the emulsion is obviously improved. A preparation method for the emulsion is simple and easy to operate.


In recent years, the study of urban manage ment has been very active, but there are more controversies over it. The paper m akes a periodic summary of study on it in China from several subjects, which inc lude what is urban management, why and who to manage, what to be managed and wha t attention must be paid to.


On Friday, April 5, 1878, Benjamin F. Butler, a Republican from Massachusetts, arose in the U.S. House of Representatives and offered a resolution stating "that the true Union, maimed soldier, Brigadier-General James Shields" be chosen as doorkeeper of that body. Although a seemingly innocuous motion, Butler's resolution would spark a debate over the election of a doorkeeper that would last into the following week. That debate — and the reactions to it — are in turn quite revealing of the political environment of the time. Specifically, the "doorkeeper controversy" of 1878 symbolizes the persistence of sectionalism in the immediate post-Reconstruction years. It also provides yet another example of the turmoil and controversy that characterized Ben Butler's colorful political career.


It discusses the machining capability of, analyses the cause of difficult machining of high nickel chromium infinite chilling cast iron milling roll, researches the adaptability of cutting tool. By taking measures such as using different tool in different machining phase and improving the geometry parameters of the tool, etc, it raises the cutting speed and quality of the high nickel chromium cast iron milling roll and cuts down the cutting cost.


It is not new to talk about investor-led building production as a contrast to common needs, though the architect is rarely mentioned as an important figure in these phenomena. Neither are the users and the community initiatives, who seek process changes, becoming therefore the link that justifies and further feeds the space-production-cycle with arguments. Architecture is widely discussed in terms of technicalities and production efficiency among its own technician circle, with little regard to its means to promote better living conditions where users, not only investors, are important drivers. The essential definition and visualization by the architects of their own profession and their role in society - hypothetically defeated - is the trigger to allow any changes in the sector to happen.


The n.m.r. spectrum of tricarbonyl-(trans-1,3-dimethylindane)chromium (I; M = Cr) shows separate signals for the four aromatic protons, the separation being sufficient for the spectra to be considered first order. The aromatic regions of the spectra of other cis-tricarbonyl-(1-substituted indane)chromiums show similar properties, in contrast to the spectra of the corresponding trans-isomers. The signal separation in the case of the cis-isomers is attributed to the tricarbonylchromium residue adopting a preferred conformation in which steric interactions with the bulky cis-substituent are minimised.


Abstract Vinylic tellurides react with higher order dialkylcyanocuprates leading to mixed vinylcyanocuprates with retention of the olefin geometry. The mixed vinylcyanocuprates react with enones giving the 1,4-addition products in good yields.


This paper proposes a contents-oriented cognitive network architecture as post-Internet. This architecture consists of three layers, that is, physical, semantic and application layers. Fluency function approximation-based unified coding of multimedia is one of key technologies. In semantic layer, both of cognitive function which corresponds to "intuition function", that is, "pattern recognition" and logical processing are implemented. A contents-overlay, which consists of same kinds of contents based on the criterion of contents-similarity, can be formed. The unified coding of multimedia is effective for not only explosion of information but energy saving. Moreover, contents-overlay is effective for SPAM and for lightening the burden on network administrators


Purpose
Services are increasingly exploring the use of remote conferencing to deliver psychological interventions, which have become particularly important given the COVID-19 pandemic and infection control guidelines. This paper aims to explore the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of delivering psychological therapy remotely to adults with intellectual disabilities (ID).

Design/methodology/approach
As part of routine practice within an adult ID community health service, this paper develops a six-session programme based on compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and delivered it to six clients. Clients completed the psychological therapy outcome scale for ID 2nd edition, at assessment, pre- and post-therapy, as well as a feasibility and acceptability measure.

Findings
Six clients engaged in telephone therapy; four clients individually, while the remaining two were supported by their caregiver. Most clients found the intervention helpful, enjoyable and were pleased that they received telephone-delivered psychological therapy. A reduction was observed at post-therapy in distress (g = 0.33) and risk (g = 0.69). No difference was reported in psychological well-being. Five clients were subsequently discharged from psychological therapy.

Originality/value
To the knowledge, this is the first study examining the use of telephone therapy (including CFT) for individuals with ID. Findings add to the growing evidence suggesting individuals with ID can benefit from receiving adapted psychological therapies. Research is required to further explore the effectiveness of remote-therapies, who would most likely benefit from this approach and how remote treatments could be used within existing pathways.


Abstract. A previously healthy man was admitted due to a severe rise in the arterial blood pressure. The patient was found confused and drowsy, but the neurological investigation was otherwise normal. A computerized tomographic scan of cerebrum showed widespread areas of diminished density in the brain. After normalization of the arterial blood pressure, a new computerized tomographic scan did not show any pathological enhancement. The total regression of signs and symptoms after the normalization of the blood pressure support the assumption that a severe increase in blood pressure leads to formation of focal cerebral oedema.


Swirl‐free silicon crystals were grown, and the relation between growth condition and oxide precipitates (1100 °C) has been studied by the Secco etching technique and x‐ray topography. It was found that precipitates are formed at very high densities in crystals which were grown by introducing temperature fluctuations during the growth. They are located in the seed side of a remelt boundary on which a new growth circle started after each remelting. These results are similar to those for swirl defects in float‐zoned crystals. It is proposed that the precipitates are originated from liquid drops which are formed in interface regions superheated by temperature fluctuations during the growth.


Richard Schmitt's article, "Socialist Democracy and Solidarity," poses some interesting questions concerning participatory democracy and what he calls "reason-giving." A theory of solidarity plays a central role in his argument about democracy. The problem as I see it is that Schmitt does not develop a theoretical conception of solidarity. What exactly does he mean by solidarity, and how is it to be achieved? His answer seems to be that if only we were not so self-centered and if we did not always want to win arguments, we would create the kind of solidarity and respect for other people necessary to achieve consensus without relying on either coercion or manipulation of the other person or group. This sounds to me like saying that if only we were better people we would respect the views held by others and work to create a democratic consensus. He is clear that this is not what we usually do. My question to him is, "why not?" He writes as if we could create solidarity and a feeling of mutual respect for other people if only we decided to do this. This seems to me to be a highly voluntaristic conception of solidarity. Schmitt seems to operate with a psychological theory of democracy, a theory that focuses primarily on the attitudes and behavior of individuals. In this article, Schmitt is more dependent on Habermas's theory of "communicative reason" than he is on Marx's theory of capitalist society. He does make it clear that the major limitation of Habermas's theory of communication is the lack of any conception of capitalism and class conflict. However, after offering his criticism of Habermas, he then leaves out of his own theory of democracy the need to include an analysis of the capitalist mode of production. The examples of conflict that he offers from contemporary US society have nothing to do with class relations and class power. He concludes with a liberal discussion of the need for solidarity and what we would have to do to create the kind of solidarity we badly need in order for there to be real participatory democracy. He mentions socialist democracy in the title of his article, but there is no discussion of socialism in the article itself. Instead, his discussion focuses on the model of a liberal democratic society. It seems to me that Schmitt has good intentions, but he fails to deliver much in the way of a theory of democracy grounded in a theory of socialism and Socialism and Democracy, 2015 Vol. 29, No. 1, 38–42, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2015.1010293


Generalized gradient approximation with correction for Hubbard energy was used to study electronic and magnetic properties of defected CoO. Vacancies were introduced into the cobalt sublattice. Calculations were performed for point defect concentrations of 3.125% and 6.25%. Trivalent cobalt ions are created in both ferromagnetic cobalt sublattices, inducing acceptor states located in the band gap of the CoO matrix. They arise from a charge transfer which converts initial divalent cobalt to trivalent state. Concentration of trivalent cobalts is twice as large as the concentration of cation vacancies. Our ab initio calculations support experimental data obtained previously by emission M\"ossbauer spectroscopy.


Context and Objective: The treatment of hydrocephalus is surgical and uses two (2) main methods to date: ventriculoperitoneal shunt and endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy. The latter offers the advantage of avoiding the implantation of a foreign body (valve) in the body. However, there are sometimes dysfunctions that can lead to the evolutionary continuation of hydrocephalus. The objective of this study is to identify factors predictive of endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy dysfunction in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus in children at the University Hospital Center in Conakry.Methods and Materials: This is a mixed analytical study of 32 cases of children aged 0-15 years who received endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy during the study period. Outcomes were evaluated according to Drake and Canadian Pediatric Neurosurgery Group clinical criteria. Results: The hospital frequency was 17% and a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.13. Clinical signs were dominated by progressive macrocraniality (93.8%), bulging fontanel (84.4%), ectasia of scalp veins (68.8%). cerebrospinal fluid leakage (9.4%) was the most frequent post-operative complication. According to age, VCS was successful in 16 infants (55.2%) and dysfunction in 13 (44.8%) while 2 children (66.7%) were successful with VCS versus 1 (33.3%) with dysfunction. We recorded one case of death.Conclusion: The factors often associated with the dysfunction of the endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy found in this study are essentially: age, bulging fontanelle, ectasia of the scalp veins, arachnoid adhesions, closure of the Sylvius aqueduct and pulsation of the bottom of the third ventricle. In the absence of a statistically significant relationship, it would be useful to analyse these parameters closely on a much larger sample.


With the continuous improvement in living standards, odor, a major environmental hazard, has attracted increasing attention. In this study, dielectric barrier discharge technology was used to concurrently remove NH3/H2S components of odorous gas. The NH3/H2S removal rate was analyzed under different gas concentrations, energy density (ED), relative humidity (RH), and other factors, and the O3 generated in the discharge process and the effects of separate and simultaneous NH3/H2S removal were analyzed. At the ED of ~2 J/L, the NH3 and H2S removal rates were 55% and 31%, respectively, when they treated separately, while their removal rates were 95% and 54%, respectively, when they treated together. With increasing RH, the discharge effect of the reactor worsened, resulting in a reduction in the NH3/H2S removal rate: the higher the ED and the lower the gas concentration, the higher the NH3/H2S removal rate. The following proposal could be made: 1) the OH produced during the reaction of H2S/NH3 with O and O3, and the H produced by the decomposition of H2S/NH3 molecules by high-energy electron impact supplement the degradation reaction of another gas, respectively, accelerating the activation and dehydrogenation reaction process of H2S and NH3. At the same time, an alternative path is that hydrogen sulfide reacts with ozone to produce sulfur dioxide, and sulfur dioxide reacts with ammonia to produce sulfate. Sulfate reduces NO2, which is the intermediate product produced during the decomposition of NH3 to N2, improving the removal rate of the two gases and 2) the O3 concentration is higher during mixed removal, speeding up the degradation reaction of NH3/H2S.


The usefulness of the shock-layer approximation is studied as a method of attacking hypersonic gasdynamics of a blunt body. This paper is concerned mainly with the inverse problems of axisymmetric inviscid flow of a calorically perfect gas (in which the shock geometry is given). Methods that are consistent with approximations based on a high- shock- compression ratio (but modified for the contribution of the tangential pressure gradient and some other second-order terms) are proposed. Agreement in body shape and streamlines with other more exact (numerical) solutions is shown not only for specific heat ratios (as high as y = 2), but also for stagnation regions of very blunt configurations (for which the standard shock-layer theory completely fails). Analytic forms of the pressure field, body, and streamline geometries are developed for the conic-family shocks (of arbitrary degree of oblateness and eccentricity) in the stagnation regions. Nomenclature 6 = a length scale characterizing the subsonic region Bs = oblateness parameter for the conic section shock, Eq. (26) Hm, Ifco, Um = free-stream stagnation enthalpy, freestream Mach number, and free-stream velocity, respectively N, n = eMoc.2 and (Ar — 1)/2(N + 1), respectively p, p, u, v = pressure, density, velocity components parallel to x and y, respectively p, p, ii, v = p} p, u, and v nondimensionalized by Poof^co 2, Poo/e', Um and e'f/oo, respectively pj p, u, v = dimerisionless perturbation pressure, perturbation density, tangential velocity, and normal velocity, respectively, in the stagnation region, defined in Eq. (17) Q(rt r#)t R(r, r#) = functions defined in Eq. (8) r =


The portrayal of perfect images of women in television advertisements has been studied extensively in Western media. However, women's representation in Pakistani advertisements has received little attention. Therefore, this research study was intended to explore the influence of the portrayal of perfect idealized images appearing in television advertisements and their associated effects on the mental health of women. A survey was conducted and a questionnaire was filled out by 360 female students from the University Management and Technology. The participants were asked about the perfect images of models and about their experiences being exposed to such images. Furthermore, the researcher employed the social comparison theory in order to provide the theoretical framework of the study. The results suggested that the majority of women agreed that they get disappointed after watching models having slim bodies, spotless skin and fair complexion in the Pakistani advertisements. The findings concluded that such portrayal is Psychologically harming women.


A particularly useful proceSS which includes the Steps of providing a feedstream comprising providing a Source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising tungsten oxide; and (i) heating the feedstream with the heterogeneous acidic cata lyst in a catalytic distillation column to convert methanol and formaldehyde present to methylal and higher polyoxym ethylene dimethyl ethers and to Separate the methylal from the higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed, and/or (ii) contacting the Source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction Suf ficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dim ethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recov ered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formal dehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and Separated in a catalytic distillation column. By including in the column an anion eXchange resin, an essentially acid-free product is obtained which can be used directly as a blending component, or fractionated, as by further distillation, to provide more Suitable components for blending into diesel fuel.


Oxidation of grevillol dimethyl ether gave 2-methoxy-6-tridecyl-1,4-benzoquinone which on Thiele-Winter acetoxylation afforded the triacetate of 5-methoxy-3-tridecylbenzene-1,2,4-triol. Hydrolysisfollowed by oxidation and demethylation then yielded rapanone.By the application of a known reaction sequence involving the Stevens rearrangement, dodec-6-ynedioic acid was converted into 5,5'-(hexadec-8-yne-1,16-diyl)diresorcinol tetramethyl ether which was similarly oxidized to the related diquinone. This substance could not be converted into ardisiaquinone A because Thiele-Winter acetoxylation was accompanied by attack on the triple bond.However, 5,5'-(hexadecane-l,l6-diyl)diresorcinol dimethyl ether by successive oxidation, acetoxylation, hydrolysis and oxidation gave dihydroardisiaquinone A.


Abstract Background Patients with relapsed CNS malignancies or DIPG face terrible prognoses. We hypothesized that T cells specific for 3 tumor-associated antigens (TAA), WT1, PRAME and survivin, would be safe and elicit anti-tumor immunity. Methods Patients (n=18) received autologous tumor antigen-associated T cells (TAAT) (up to 8x107/m2) for newly diagnosed DIPG (Group A) or recurrent CNS malignancies (Group B) on a Phase I dose-escalation study (NCT03652545) and were monitored for safety and response. Results/Discussion 16/18 patients who received TAAT completed the 45-day safety monitoring phase with no dose-limiting toxicities. Adverse events were minimal despite multiple pretreatments in Group B. Infused cells were predominantly CD3+ T cells (median 96%; range: 87–99%), with CD4+ and CD8+ comprising 16% (range: 5–87%) and 40% (range: 4–67%) respectively. Specificity for 1–3 TAAs was demonstrated in 11/18 TAAT by a-IFN-γ ELISPOT. Dose escalation is complete, and clinical and immunologic response assessments are ongoing. Plasma cytokine and proteomic analyses demonstrated dynamic post-infusion immune cytokine and protein responses. Consistent with an infusion-mediated immune response all patients in Grp A showed increased T cell effector, inflammatory and immune-stimulatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17A and GM-CSF at Weeks 1 and 2 post-infusion (n = 6). Of 9 patients who have been tested, 29/92 plasma proteins showed significant differences between dose levels 1 and 2, including increased IL-7 (p <0.0004) and CD40L (p <0.046) and reduced IL-4 (p <0.0004). T cell receptor sequencing showed expansion and persistence of clones detected in infusion products. In summary, TAAT have thus far been safe and elicit immune responses in vivo. Clinical and immunologic response assessments are ongoing.


This paper proposes a profit premium concept that, in addition to brand equities, also accounts for brandspecific features in the marginal costs of products. This is justified in markets where brand characteristics are pronounced since in such markets marginal costs are likely to show higher variation across brands. The paper shows that brands with a sufficiently large ratio of marginal cost and utility brand-specific intercepts may face a negative profit premium. We argue that this is an important property of our method that allows profit premium to signal when it is not profitable to invest in brand development. In order to establish the results we analyze the monotonicity of profit premium with respect to brand equity in a structural demand and supply model. We obtain monotonicity results analytically for the simple (non-random coefficient) logit demand model through comparative statics with respect to brand equity and by Monte Carlo simulations for the random coefficient logit model. An empirical study of the new car market from the Netherlands confirms our theoretical findings. Six out of the brands with the highest ratios of marginal cost and utility brand-specific intercepts have negative profit premiums. This result questions the generally believed positive relationship between brand equity and brand value.


Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a nutritious food, from an easy-to-handle cultivation, present in all Brazilian regions, with great socioeconomic relevance. There is a wide genetic diversity of sweet potato, expressing different flesh and skin colors, and containing different nutritional values. However, only sweet potatoes with cream flesh and white or purple skin are present in the Manaus market. It is important to promote the visibility of the varieties that are being cultivated in a less expressive way, often only by the indigenous people. In this way, the valorization of the product and the conservation of agrobiodiversity will be encouraged. One obstacle to identifying varieties is that the same variety can have different names, and the same name can be given to different varieties. Therefore, it is essential that a morphological description of the varieties present locally is made. This will be a subsidy for future research and actions aimed at the development of the primary sector that has the sweet potato as its object. Given the above, this work aimed to morphologically describe the sweet potato varieties Cenoura, Margarita, Rainha and Roxa present at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Amazonas. The Cenoura, Rainha and Roxa varieties have different skin and/or flesh colors and a tuberous root shape, catering to different consumer tastes. The Cenoura variety (skin and orange flesh) has the potential to be cultivated by Amazonian farmers and introduced in the local market (Alves, 2021; Filgueira, 2008; Huamán, 1991).


Over the past twenty years, sustainable entrepreneurship has been a growing field of study fertilized by multiple academic disciplines, e.g. entrepreneurship, economics, business ethics, general an...


Objective
To explorer the temperature changes in the central area of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.

Methods
(1) In vitro test tube model: By measuring the saline temperature changes after 15 s of continuous working of 30 W holmium laser (group A); after 15 s of continuous working of 20 W holmium laser (group B); and after 10 s of continuous working of 20 W holmium laser (group C). (2) In vitro rubber tube model (simulating human urinary tract): By measuring the saline temperature changes after 5 s of continuous working of 30 W holmium laser in rubber tube (group D); after 3 s of continuous working of 30 W holmium laser in rubber tube (group E); after 5 s of continuous working of 20 W holmium laser in rubber tube (group F); and after 3 s of continuous working of 20 W holmium laser in rubber tube (group G).

Results
The saline temperature in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P=0.000). The temperature in group B was higher than that in group C[(69.80±3.23), (63.20±2.26), (57.10±2.31) ℃, P=0.000]. The temperature in group D was higher than that in group E (P=0.000), and that in group F was higher than that in group G (P=0.000). The temperature in group D was higher than that in group F (P=0.000), and that in group E was higher than that in group G [(82.30±4.33), (75.50±2.41), (67.40±1.36), (58.20±3.43) ℃, P=0.000].

Conclusion
This study indicated that the working of holmium laser will heat the saline in working area. The lower working power and the shorter time the laser continuously worked, the less the water temperature of laser working area would rise.

Key words:
Holmium laser; Lithotripsy; Ureteroscopy; Local temperature


In China, the treatment of pig manure for land application is an important issue. In this paper, green synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-nFe) were evaluated for their effectiveness in the aerobic composting of pig manure. G-nFe were evenly mixed into the compost, and the pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the compost in the presence of G-nFe both decreased. FTIR showed that G-nFe promoted the formation of humus during composting. The addition of G-nFe (200 mL kg−1) to the compost also promoted bacterial growth, significantly increasing the colony-forming units (CFU, up to 25.6 × 104 CFU mL−1) and OD600 (up to 0.634) in 5 days. Furthermore, G-nFe promoted the fermentation of the pig manure, thus reducing the phytotoxicity of the compost produced. For example, the final volatile solids (VS) degradation rate and seed germination index (GI) of the compost were the highest and reached 20.8% and 0.76%, respectively. Finally, G-nFe improved both the bacterial diversity and community richness of the compost. This indicated that the addition of G-nFe could result in the prolonging of the acidic fermentation time during composting, leading to increased compost maturity. Overall, the beneficial impact of G-nFe on compost was far greater than the potential harm to bacterial communities in the compost and perceived phytotoxicity.


This article analyzes the development requirement of the third-party logistics and warehouse receipts pledge.The driving forces of the business are described.Then the author uses a non-cooperative game to weigh the risks for the third-party logistics to develop warehouse receipts pledge business.At last,some measures to prevent risks are discussed for the 3rd party logistics.


Photoluminescent (PL) materials are commonly utilized in applications such as leakage test, crack monitoring, banknote forgery detection, and fingerprint detection. Doping, chemical compositions and microstructure, are generally accepted as factors that influence luminescent intensity of spinel-structure phosphors such as SrAl2O4, CaAl2O4, and BaAl2O4. This study aimed at synthesizing BaAl2O4 photoluminescent powders by solution combustion technique. Effects of Eu doping and calcination temperatures on chemical compositions, microstructure and luminescent intensity of the materials were also examined. Experimental results indicated that Eu concentrations did not exhibit a significant effect on chemical composition and particle morphology. Higher calcination temperatures, on the contrary, resulted in reduction of secondary phase formation, and in alteration of morphology of particles and pores. The greatest luminescent intensity was achieved in the BaAl2O4 sample with 3 mol% Eu subjected to calcination at 900°C. Enhancement of the luminescent intensity in this sample might be attributed to minimal secondary phase and pore content.


The development and application of a geometrically-based uniformity criterion is presented for film uniformity optimization in a radial-flow GaN epitaxy reactor system. In this multi-wafer reactor system, individual wafers rotate on a rotating susceptor in a planetary motion to reduce the effects of reactant depletion on deposition uniformity; the uniformity criterion developed for this system gives an unambiguous criterion for minimizing non-uniformity of any film property, can be implemented in a run-to-run uniformity control scheme, and gives physical insight into the reactor operating conditions that most influence uniformity. Copyright 2005 IFAC.


Abstract Michelson visibility is used to identify areas of correct focusing in stacks of images with progressively severe defocusing. It is found that visibility is a maximum when focusing is correct. An image with partially corrected defocusing is constructed using this criterion.


Abstract : This study developed and demonstrated an analytical methodology that can optimize multiple objectives, subject to programmatic and budget constraints, in the development and evaluation of pollution abatement and prevention investment strategies supporting US Army activities and facilities. It possesses the capability to modify inputs to determine changes an impacts of the different investment strategies produced. Outputs include investments strategies which address what should be bought, when, and where, the costs of the investment, and the benefits derived in terms of pollution reduced (in volume), (O&S) and energy savings. Products, can be produced at the Army level, MACOM, state, region, or installation. The methodology is inherently flexible and transferable such that it can readily incorporate changes in policy, data elements, and analytical approach to develop and evaluate investment strategies in other Arm y environmental programs. The PAPA Investment Model (PIM) is a multiobjective, mixed integer linear program, written in C + +, using EXCEL spreadsheet format input.


This paper presents a comparison of power-aware video decoding techniques that utilize Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) capability. Three techniques were simulated and compared in terms of power consumption, accuracy, and deadline misses. The simulation results show that the dynamic per-frame technique, where the decoding time prediction adapts to the particular video being decoded, is the most promising approach due to its feasibility of implementation and comparable performance to the ideal case. Our findings also indicate that in general, as the number of available processor settings increases, the amount of power saving increases, but the number of deadline misses increases as well. More importantly, most of these deadline misses are within 10-20% of the playout interval and thus insignificant. However, video clips with high variability in frame complexities combined with inaccurate decoding time predictions may degrade the video quality. Finally, our results show that a processor with 13 voltage/frequency settings is sufficient to achieve near maximum performance with the experimental environment and the video workloads we have used.


This paper presents a multitemporal technique for multi-class Change Detection (CD) between pairs of images of a satellite image time series. Changes between different pair of images within a time series must be consistent with each other since images acquired over the same scene are causally related with one another. The temporal consistency of the pixel status can be used to formulate a principle that constrains the CD results within the series to be mutually consistent. This principle coincides with the conservative property of the change variable and it allows the unsupervised validation of changes detected between arbitrary image pairs. Thus, all images in the series, rather than a single couple, are used in the pair-wise CD. The proposed technique was applied to a dataset of dual-polarized terrain-corrected SAR images acquired by Sentinel-1. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed multitemporal approach in improving the CD results.


Traditional historical commercial brands are used again in commercial society.They display the huge commercial value and shoulder the social culture the inheritance duty in the market economy.


Betweenness is a good measure of the centrality of a vertex in a graph modeling social or communication network. Betweenness centrality is a measure of centrality in a graph based on shortest paths. For every pair of vertices in a connected graph, there exists at least one shortest path between the vertices such that the number of edges that the path passes through is minimized. The betweenness centrality for each vertex is usually defined as the fraction of these shortest paths that pass through the vertex. Therefore, in many models, betweenness is a measure of the influence of a node in the dissemination of information over a network and can also be used to detect communities or cluster in networks. In this paper, we consider betweenness centrality of some Mycielski graphs. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 05C12, 68M10, 68R10


As for a pipe-line plant subjected to complex logical control specifications, an approach is proposed to generate the control codes via Petri net such that the plant is run as concurrently as possible. A PN model, called the plant net, is designed to represent the whole process of a pipe-line system. In this plant net, the tasks, including fluid transportation from one tank to another and cleaning tank, are represented by operational places, and level sensors in tanks are modeled by labels assigned with transitions. Further, conflict structures are used to describe the conflict relations among tasks due to the shared valves and pipes. By introducing a priority order in the transitions, an algorithm is presented to compute the control commands for valves based on this plant net. A beer filtration plant is taken as an example to illustrate the method.


ADIOSENSITIVITY OF MANY BIOLOGIC TISSUES R is increased by increasing tissue oxygen tension during irradiation. This is a well-established experimental fact. Based on the data of several investigators, an estimate has been made that irradiation during maximal tissue oxygenation produces approximately a threefold increase in radiosensitivity of mammalian tissues when compared with anoxic conditions.7 In order for this oxygen effect to have useful clinical application to cancer therapy, it must be greater on the tumor than on the local normal tissues. If the radiosensitivity of normal tissue is increased as much as that of the tumor, improved tumor response would be nullified by a lower tolerated tissue dose, and no therapeutic gain would be achieved. Thus, a differential effect on tumor as compared with adjacent normal tissues is of basic importance to further consideration of oxygen variations in radiotherapy. The object of these experiments was to investigate the differential effect of varying tissue oxygenation on normal and neoplastic tissues in an experimental tumor system con-


The purpose of this paper is to examine the destructive effects of stretch goals on employees' work–family conflict (WFC). Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examines the mediating role of resource scarcity. By integrating the paradox theory with the COR theory, this study explores the moderating role of employees' paradox mind-set.,Two-wave data were collected from a sample of MBA students in Northwestern China (N = 294). PROCESS was used to assess a moderated mediation model.,This study found a positive relationship between stretch goals and WFC, and resource scarcity mediated this relationship. For employees with a high paradox mind-set, the relationship between resource scarcity and WFC was weak; and the indirect effect of stretch goals on WFC via resource scarcity was weak.,Organizations should provide enough resources to employees when using stretch goals. Human resource managers could recruit candidates with high paradox mind-set and foster employees' paradox mind-set through training.,This study makes contributions to the literature on stretch goals by examining the negative spillover effect of stretch goals on the family domain and exploring the mediating mechanism. This study also extends the paradox theory by using it at micro level to address questions on WFC.


The magnetic properties of steels are affected by plastic deformation, because the domain wall processes magnetoelastically interact with the dislocations and the residual stresses. The evolution of the magnetic hysteresis loop and its parameters with the type and degree of straining can thus provide a macroscopic signature of the underlying the mechanical and structural properties. Additional information can be achieved at a microscopic level through analysis of the Barkhausen noise, the signal generated by the stochastic flux variations associated with the discontinuous motion of the domain walls. Nondestructive methods for the structural evaluation of magnetic steels, devoted, in particular, to the investigation of work-hardening and state of internal stress following plastic straining, have therefore been developed in the literature, either through magnetic hysteresis or Barkhausen noise measurements. In this paper, we summarize significant results regarding the relationship between magnetic properties and plastic deformation in steel samples and the related experimental methods. Attention will be devoted, in particular, to the measurement and analysis of the Barkhausen noise spectral density and the way it relates to the macroscopic magnetic behavior and the structural properties.


Since the start of high-resolution observations with the radioheliograph at the Culgoora Solar Observatory it has been noted that some bursts which occur from separate active regions could be physically correlated. It was suggested that the time delay between the correlated bursts is of the order of seconds, and that fast electrons provide the trigger. Wild found that shortly before a large flare weak bursts, stronelv polarized in the same sense, appeared simultaneously in different sources after a quiet period and he discussed the phenomenon in the light of flare mechanisms.


The invention discloses an electric device leakage protection device based on equipotential detection. The electric device leakage protection device based on the equipotential detection comprises a sensor portion, a data acquisition processing circuit and an executing mechanism. The data acquisition processing circuit comprises a signal processing circuit and a processor circuit portion. The sensor portion is used for acquiring a leakage voltage signal of an electric device, and the signal processing circuit is used for receiving the leakage voltage signal and preprocessing the leakage voltage signal. The processor circuit portion is used for analyzing and calculating the preprocessed leakage voltage signal, comparing a calculation result with a set value and controlling the executing mechanism. The electric device leakage protection device is different from other protection devices based on a leakage current protection principle, is a leakage protection device designed based on an equipotential detection principle, can achieve data acquisition in a wide dynamic range, has good insulating performance and accordingly is suitable for leakage protection of electric devices in various occasions.


A water ponding study was conducted to investigate flooding that occurred during the January 16, 1993 storm event (the event) in the Oceanside Airport Industrial Park (the Park), located along the east levee of the San Luis Rey River. Watershed hydrology and river hydraulic analysis were conducted to determine the flooding sources. A ponding model was developed to simulate flood water flowing into and out of the Park. Several scenarios, including possible higher localized rainfall and variance in the peak timing, were formulated to cover data uncertainties. Given all reasonable benefit of doubt, the analysis shows that the impact caused by the local runoff would be insignificant. Therefore, the overflow from the river during the event exclusively caused the ponding in the Park.


A digital controller is designed and implemented by a digital signal processor (DSP) to replace the PWM and error amplifier compensation network in a two wheeler forward power converter. The DSP controller is designed using three approaches: (a) discretization of analog controller-the design is based on the transfer function of the error amplifier compensation network; (b) digital PID controller design-the design is based on the general form of the pulse transfer function of PID controller; and (c) deadbeat controller design-the design is based on the open-loop pulse transfer function of the power converter. The controller design is optimised by running computer simulations with the MATLAB numerical calculation package and the experimental results agree with the simulated analysis.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT Family bonds and deviant peers constitute two important competing forces of socialization in migrants' social life. This study furthers the theory of family-peer relationship by arguing that migrants' social network homogeneity shapes the development of family bonds and peer deviance and is ultimately associated with increased likelihood of sexual risk behaviors. Applying regression techniques and structural equation modeling with bootstrapped estimates to survey data collected in 2011 among male Chinese migrant labors, this study found that 1) network homogeneity in terms of homeplace and occupation is associated with sexual risk behaviors, and 2) at least half portion of such association is significantly mediated by family bonds and peer deviance.


Latticed metal spatial cover designs have many advantages over traditional structures, for example, in front of flat farms. However, their mass application is hampered by the following factors: the complexity of the implementation of nodal connections, the laboriousness of manufacturing, the laboriousness of transportation and installation. Another factor that restrains the widespread use of spatial factors is their little study. This is especially reflected in the restriction of the use of new structures or on the attempt of non-standard use of known structures, etc. The author of this work in his project practice used a structural plate as an inclined covering in a production building. The task in hand does not have a known direct analog of the already developed structural coating plate for use under the specified conditions. The authors proposed a new technical solution of the structural plate. The authors proposed to collect spatial structures by combining flat inclined trusses. All elements of flat trusses are proposed to be made from metal corners, and the nodes of trusses are made of sheet parts. To achieve this goal, the authors solved a number of problems: the refinement of nodal loads acting on the inclined spatial structure; the search for the optimal distribution of material within the spatial lattice structure; ensuring compliance of the designed structure with the current construction standards.


Recent decade has proved an increase in learning disabilities and directly impacts the education of children worldwide. This problem has to be addressed with a solution since they integrate into society for a bright future. Abnormalities in brain has an impact on memory, intellectual thinking and its balance is getting affected. Because of which achievements in academics and learning ability among children is observed to be lagging. Conventional methodologies involved in detection and interventions in Specific Learning Disability affects the controlling functions creating a barrier in education. The views provided enhances the development of cognitive skills and progress in academics. The tools provided in this work has observed academic progress of an individual. This survey focuses on various learning disabilities and their impact on education. The review findings focus on the tools and various solutions provided in the recent past, supporting the children suffering from learning disabilities. The studies have provided effective guidance for both affected students and teachers who contribute a major role in their progress. This survey provides an exploratory approach to discuss detection and diagnosis tools for three disabilities dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia with its various impacts and possible solutions. It provides a broad view for future researchers to provide a better solution compared to existing ones.


In recent years, there have been a variety of attempts in research and industry to solve various problems by using the non-contact detection and interpretation possibilities of computer vision, as one image offers the floor to analyse different causes and sources in parallel. It is logical to apply an integrated approach via image and video not only to venture into new and innovative fields, but also to optimize and improve existing solutions with other sensors and to solve contemporary problems. In this paper, we will deal with the integrated approach for optimizing and improving fire detection. The detection path is going to be solely based on the colour features of household fires in addition to a colour independent feature of fire that owes to enhance the detection result. The end goal is to achieve real time fire detection and obtain a low false positive rate.


The invention discloses a hot-melt adhesive for a steel-plastic composite pipe, which is prepared by blending and extruding the following components in percentage by weight by a parallel double screw extruder: 5-40% of binding resin master batch, 50-80% of polyolefin resin, 5-25% of tackifying resin and 0.02-5% of inorganic rare-earth oxide, wherein the binding resin is prepared by carrying out graft modification on polyethylene and/or ethylene copolymer, which is/are used as the matrix resin, and initiator (accounting for 0.01-0.2 wt% of the binding resin master batch) and unsaturated polar monomer (accounting for 0.1-5 wt% of the binding resin master batch); the polyolefin resin is used for adjusting the consumption of the binding resin master batch and the comprehensive properties of the hot-melt adhesive; and the tackifying resin is one or combination of SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene), SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene), cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber and natural rubber. Since the rare-earth oxide is added, the grafting ratio of the binding resin master batch in the hot-melt adhesive is increased, thereby obviously enhancing the initial viscosity, enduring viscosity, binding strength and other properties.


Seventy patients with tetanus were randomly divided into two groups(each group,n=35) as follows:experimental group and control group.The patients in the control group were given treatments such as debride,antitoxin tetanus,antibiotic drug,spasmolysis,nutritional support.In addition to these treatments,the patients in the experimental group were given a medicinal broth stopping endogenous wind by oval administration or nasal feeding,which is composed of some Chinese patent medicine.The results revealed that the total clinical effective rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group(P0.05),an also was the effective rate of improving symptoms such as difficult in opening mouth,gnathospasmus,convulsion,and asphyxiation.And there was a lower incidence of adverse effect in the experiment group.Besides,there was a coincidence of curative effect among different pattern of syndrome.These results indicated that the treatment of medicinal broth stopping endogenous wind combined with western medicine has a better curative effect on tetanus.Its symptoms can be improved significantly by this treatment.And there is a synergistic effect between these two therapies.


The maximum principle is utilized in the demonstration of existence and uniqueness results for the free boundary problem associated with the creation of an additional phase at the boundary; i.e., the free boundary has its point of origin on the boundary of the region under consideration.


The Shiduolong hydrothermal Mo-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the Xinghai County, northeast of the Qinghai Province. Mineralization is controlled by NNW faults formed in the Indosinian, and closely associated with simultaneous granitoid intrusions. Four stages of hydrothermal ore-forming process are recognized, characterized by mineral assemblages of quartz-molybdenite (Ⅰ), quartz-pyrite-sphalerite (Ⅱ), quartz-polymetallic sulfides (Ⅲ) and quartz-carbonate (Ⅳ), respectively. Two main types of fluid inclusions are distinguished in the hydrothermal quartz, aqueous-rich CO2-H2O inclusions and aqueous inclusions. The later can be further divided into vapor-rich, liquid-rich and pure liquid inclusions. Microthermometic data show that the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions from the stage Ⅰto the Ⅲ are gradually decreased, from 317~397℃, through 226~342℃, to 131~247℃, and the corresponding salinities followed by 9.98%~12.28% NaCleqv, 4.34%~10.98% NaCleqv and 2.07%~5.41% NaCleqv. Plenty of secondary fluid inclusions could be observed in the quartz from the Ⅰand the Ⅱ stage, implying intensive fluid superposition subsequently. Study of gas-liquid components of fluid inclusions from different mineralization stages indicates that the ore-forming fluid belongs to K+-Na+-SO42- type, and the content of total ions reduced rapidly from early to late. The gas component contains a relatively high N2, CH4 and other gases in addition to H2O and CO2. The stage Ⅰ ore-forming fluid is mainly of magmatic water, hybrid with certain amount of meteoric water. Fluid mixing occurs in the stage Ⅱ, abundant meteoric water with some formation water mixed into the early stage fluid. Ore-forming fluid of the stage Ⅲ is mainly of meteoric water and/or formation water. Influence by surface water system is more and more obvious as the evolution of ore-forming fluid. The mixing of fluids and accompanying decrease of temperature and pressure are the dominant mechanisms for deposition and enrichment of Pb-Zn and other mineralizing elements.


Welded joints are an essential part of rocket engine structures such as the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) turbopumps. Defects produced in the welding process can be detrimental to weld performance. Recently, review of the SSME high pressure fuel turbopump (HPFTP) titanium inlet X-rays revealed several weld discrepancies such as penetrameter density issues, film processing discrepancies, weld width discrepancies, porosity, lack of fusion, and weld offsets. Currently, the sensitivity of welded structures to defects is of concern. From a fatigue standpoint, weld offset may have a serious effect since local yielding, in general, aggravates cyclic stress effects. Therefore, the weld offset issue is considered in this report. Using the FEM and beamlike plate approximations, parametric studies were conducted to determine the influence of weld offsets and a variation of weld widths in longitudinally welded cylindrical structures with equal wall thicknesses on both sides of the joint. Following the study, some conclusions are derived for the weld offsets.


Introduction: The Healthy Immigrant Effect refers to the phenomenon that recent immigrants are on average healthier than their native-born counterparts. Greater immigrant acculturation to the US ha...


A manganese oxide type Au adsorbent was prepared by heating a mixture of MnCO3and Ag2CO3 (or Ag powder) at 390°C for 4.5 hours. At present, there are many papers on separating or recovering Au from various Au solutions. In these papers, activated carbon, chelate resin and algae were principally used as the adsorbent for separating or recovering Au. However, as far as the author has investigated, papers on manganese oxide type Au adsorbents have not been published to date. The author has been studying a manganese oxide type Li adsorbent, and the knowledge was applied in preparing a manganese oxide type Au adsorbent. The composition of the Au adsorbent was analyzed as Mn03.4 Ag0.15. The x-ray diffraction pattern showed weak intensity peaks at 30.8, 36.7 and 65.36 as 2θAvalues.This adsorbent was activated by acid treatment, and adsorbed the Au-Cl complex ion selectively from an artificial geothermal water (1mg/lAu). The enrichment ratio of Au in the first 10ml eluted from the adsorbent saw a 375 fold increase over the initial concentration (1mg/lAu). Additional elution yielded a result of 4.52mg/g Au adsorbed per unit weight of the adsorbent. The adsorbent also adsorbed Ca and Mg ions. The property of the adsorbent to adsorb Ca and Mg ions with the objective ion, is similar to the properties of manganese oxide type Li adsorbent. Thus, it is considered that this property is a common property among manganese oxide type adsorbents.


A species of Microsphaera on oak leaf has been examined by scanning electron microscopy. The developing stages of the perithecium and perithecial appendages have been described. The perithecial surface at maturity is marked by ridges of two sizes. Appendages do not appear to be very rigid and are collapsed near the distal end. Multiple dichotomous branching produces an antler-like ornamentation at the appendage end.


We show that the problem of superluminal motion in causal, particle interpretation of bosonic fields is not observable at macroscopic distances.


We prove a Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing theorem on a normal compact Kahler space X : if L is a nef line bundle with L 6= 0, then H(X,KX + L) = 0 for q ≥ dimX − 1. As an application we complete a part of the abundance theorem for minimal Kahler threefolds: if X is a minimal Kahler threefold, then the Kodaira dimension κ(X) is nonnegative. §0. Introduction In this paper we establish the following Kawamata-Viehweg type vanishing theorem on a compact Kahler manifold or, more generally, a normal compact Kahler space. 0.1 Theorem. Let X be a normal compact Kahler space of dimension n and L a nef line bundle on X. Assume that L 6= 0. Then H(X,KX + L) = 0 for q ≥ n− 1. In general, one expects a vanishing H(X,KX + L) = 0 for q ≥ n + 1 − ν(L), where ν(L) is the numerical Kodaira dimension of the nef line bundle L, i.e. ν(L) is the largest integer ν such that L 6= 0. Of course, when X is projective, Theorem 0.1 is contained in the usual KawamataViehweg vanishing theorem, but the methods of proof in the algebraic case clearly fail in the general Kahler setting. Instead we proceed in the following way. Clearly we may assume that X is smooth and by Serre duality, only the cohomology group H is of interest. Take a singular metric h on L with positive curvature current T with local weight function h. By [Si74, De93a] there exists a decomposition T = ∑ λjDj +G, (D) where λj ≥ 1 are irreducible divisors, and G is a pseudo-effective current such that G|Di is pseudo-effective for all i. Consider the multiplier ideal sheaf I(h). We associate to h another, "upper regularized" multiplier ideal sheaf I+(h) by setting I+(h) := lim e→0+ I(h) = lim e→0+ I (


Since the first trials of antiviral therapy for genital herpes in the late 1970s, one of the key measures of efficacy was the effect of the treatment on clinical lesions. Measures such as duration of lesions during therapy were used even though defining lesion healing was inherently imprecise. For studies of suppressive therapy, the frequency of clinical recurrences was the gold standard, even though it was recognized that there were sometimes aborted recurrences (episodes where there were prodromal symptoms but no visible lesions) that went uncounted, although likely biologically significant. This was in an era in which visible lesions were thought to represent the principal—perhaps the only— biological activity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and that the virus remained latent and biologically inactive between these clinical episodes. It was an era in which we counseled patients with recurrent genital herpes that they were contagious during clinical outbreaks but implied that they would not transmit the infection to a partner if they had no visible lesions. How times have changed! Carefully conducted studies, first using virus cultures and subsequently using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, have established the concept of asymptomatic shedding of HSV-2 from genital skin [1–4]; that is, that culturable virus or viral DNA can be present on genital skin or mucous membranes in the absence of visible lesions or symptoms. Asymptomatic shedding of HSV-2 occurs both in individuals with a history of recurrent genital herpes between clinical outbreaks and in persons who are positive for antibody to HSV-2 with no history of genital lesions [4]. Both kinds of individuals can transmit HSV-2 to a susceptible partner during periods of asymptomatic viral shedding. We now know that HSV latency is a very dynamic process. HSV-2 in the sacral ganglia reactivates from latency frequently—perhaps almost continuously [5]—and migrates down sensory nerves. Much of the time, the host immune response prevents extensive replication of the virus [6], so clinical episodes represent a failure of immunologic control. Asymptomatic shedding presumably represents an intermediate stage in which immunologic control of HSV-2 replication is delayed but ultimately succeeds before clinical disease becomes manifest. In this issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Agyemang et al [7] use existing data from previous studies to formally establish a relationship between shedding of HSV-2 from genital skin (as measured by detection of viral DNA by PCR analysis) and genital lesion formation. Based on our understanding of the pathogenesis of recurrent genital herpes, such a relationship is plausible, even likely. One of the ways Agyemang et al demonstrated the association was to analyze data from 2 antiviral clinical trials, one using the helicase-primase inhibitor pritelivir and one using the nucleosides acyclovir and valacyclovir. The studies were placebo-controlled trials, and both studies collected clinical end points (lesion formation) and daily viral shedding data from genital skin. Both studies showed significant reductions in lesion formation by the antiviral drug used as compared to placebo. When the results from these studies were reanalyzed, controlling for viral shedding and treatment assignment, the authors were able to calculate the proportion of the treatment effect that was explained by viral shedding. The treatment effect was greatly weakened in both studies after controlling for viral shedding, although the magnitude of the effect was considerably different. Viral shedding accounted for 82% of the treatment effect of pritelivir and obviated the statistical significance of that analysis. In the acyclovir/valacyclovir trial, viral shedding accounted for only 41% of the treatment effect, and statistical significance was maintained, although the P values were weaker. There were differences in study populations and other factors that probably contributed to the discrepancy, but the magnitude of the difference is still surprising. One important caveat noted by Agyemang et al is that the effect of an antiviral drug on viral shedding cannot be considered a surrogate marker for the risk of transmitting HSV-2 to a susceptible partner. Although viral shedding is likely to be required for transmission, other clinical factors, such as recurrence frequency, do not correlate well with transmission risk [8]. It cannot be assumed that any effect on viral shedding will have a comparable—or any—effect on transmission risk. E D I T O R I A L C O M M E N T A R Y


Comparison of two genetic classes of holstein sires crossed with zebus in dual purpose herds The zebu crossbred progeny of 41 USA Holstein sires were evaluated on seven Venezuelan farms. Bulls were grouped into high (H) and medium (M) classes, according to their USA milk proofs which averaged 237 kg (M) and 934 kg (H), with mean repeatabilities of 97% and 98%. From 1256 zebu cows inseminated in 1990-95, 736 calves were born alive. Records included pregnancy and birth rates; losses of both sexes from birth to 4, 8 and 18 months; and weight for age of both sexes to 4, 8, and 18 months, as well as to final weight (427 kg). Information was also available on the age at first calving, first lactation milk yield, interval from calving to conception and 4-month calf weight of 118 female progeny on four farms. Pregnancy, birth and mortality rates were compared between sire classes using adjusted chi-squared and the rest of the data were analysed using linear models including sire class (C), farm (F), sex, year and season of birth/calving, and F x C. The difference in death rate to 4 months of age (13.9%, M; 21.2%, H) of progeny reared with restricted suckling was significant at the P < .07 level. Otherwise,the only differences (P < .05) observed were in the growth rate to final weight (427 kg) of the progeny (0.41 and 0.44 kg/day) and in the 4-month weight of the calves of the female progeny (82 and 87 kg), both in favour of the H sires. However, it was concluded that the comparison of the milking performance, fertility and survival of the female progeny should be completed before recommending H bulls for crossbreeding programs in dual purpose herds. Palabras claves: Toros Holstein, progenie cruzada con cebu, rebanos de doble proposito.


MENINGITIS due to a pneumococcus has a high mortality.1 When complicated by diabetes and poor kidney function, it becomes a problem in therapy, as illustrated by the following case. A 61-year-old, ...


This chapter presents a review of tracking methods for the modelling of immiscible interfaces and analyses the fluid flow aspects of a new application of a twin-screw extruder (TSE) in the rheomixing process. It also simulates fundamental micro-mechanisms of the rheological behaviour of immiscible liquid alloys with piecewise linear interface construction (PLIC) volume-of-fluid (VOF) methods on Eulerian grids in two and three-dimensional two-phase processes. The method is coupled with the continuum surface force (CSF) algorithm for surface force modelling, supported by a multi-grid solver that Correspondence/Reprint request: Prof. H. Tang, College of Energy and Power, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangsu, 210016, China. E-mail: email@example.com H. Tang & L.C. Wrobel 226 enables the resolution of large density ratio between the fluids and fine scale flow phenomena. A numerical modelling procedure for investigation of immiscible binary liquid alloy flows in shear-induced mixing is established and evaluated through various immiscible flow cases for maintaining sharp interfaces in the meso-/micro-scale. Numerical results show good qualitative agreement with experimental results. It is concluded that immiscible interfaces in two-phase material mixing can be numerically simulated, and the results are useful for optimisation of the material design and operation processes.


Religion, which presupposes belief in the existence of a God or gods, cannot exist exclusive of society. Indeed religion has a huge responsibility of shaping the peoples thoughts, beliefs, and values, correcting fallacies, and providing the adherents with the information and guidance to live lives that are more informed. In Nigeria, religion has unconsciously promoted a negative perception and stigmatization of women through its failure to accord women the same status with men. The argument the Church makes against ordination of women and their empowerment is that Jesus did not select any woman to serve among his Twelve Apostles. Since the hierarchy of the Church draws its authority from being the spiritual descendants of the apostles, it follows that like the apostles, the clergy should be male. The exclusively male hierarchy of the Church has the tendency of leading to male dominated decisions that work against the ordination of women. This religious belief and orientation have pervaded most societies in Nigeria to relegate womenfolk into the background socially, economically and politically. However, realities of modern societies and the quest for peace and human development are such that have obliterated any rigid commitment to religious ideals in subjugating the women. If the goal of religion, especially Christianity, is the betterment and upliftment of the human race, therefore women subjugation has no basis in modern public administration. Utilizing biblical evidences and empirical data, this paper contends that equal access of the two genders (male and female) is pivotal to good governance and administration both at the church and the society. It therefore canvasses paradigm shift towards engendering a peaceful milieu and developed nation.


Attention is given to the ground proximity effects of a powered lift STOL aircraft, NASA's Quiet Short Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA); these effects have a profound influence on a landing's touchdown dispersion and sink rates, and must be determined with the greatest possible accuracy. The QSRA flight parameter values obtained by means of a small perturbation model for the trim flight condition out of ground effect, during a landing approach, are compared with flight test values, on the premise that any discrepancies between the two sets of values will be due to ground effect.


To facilitate the similarities/dissimilarities analysis of the protein sequences, we introduce a novel approach based on the recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), in which, based on a selected pair of physicochemical properties of amino acids, the primary structure of proteins is considered as two time series, with the amino acid order playing the role of subsequent time intervals, and then, we adopt RQA to analyze these two time series, and utilize 6 characteristic parameters calculated with RQA as feature representation of protein sequence to analyze the similarities/dissimilarities of the nine ND5 protein sequences. The analysis results show that our method is effective, and in addition, different from existing RQA based methods, in our method, after the two parameters such as the embedding dimension m and the time delay τ have been predetermined based on given algorithms, the range of the threshold ε can be determined efficiently, and more interesting, the variation of ε in the determined range almost will not influence the rationality of the results of the similarities/dissimilarities analysis.


The energy saving principles of frequency control technique applied in injection molding machine are analyzed.The remarkable effect and importance of improving system performance of using frequency control technique are illustrated with examples.


The morphology of the infrared (IR) emission and the properties of discrete farinfrared (FIR) sources in M31 disk are studied using the high resolution (HiRes) maps from IRAS. Very thin and bright FIR arm segments are shown in these maps, which have similar structure as the HI gas but with much enhanced arm/inter-arm contrast, typically a factor of 5 on the 60 m image. We identify 39 unconfused sources (excluding the nucleus) and 14 confused sources (7 pairs) at 60 m by direct Gaussian ttings to the image. IRAS colors of 10 bright isolated sources are studied, which are presumably representative of the discrete sources in general. The colors follow the well known anticorrelation between f60 =f100 and f12 =f25 . All sources coincide with optical HII regions. A comparison with H observations shows that the total luminosity (in the wavelength range 8 | 1000 m) associated with HII regions is 7:2 2:9 108L , namely 30 14% of the total IR emission of M31. Half of the IR luminosity of this component emerges from the sources. This luminosity translates into a present-day star formation rate of 0.36 0:14 M /yr, about an order of magnitude lower than that of the Milky Way Galaxy. Subject headings: galaxies: individual { galaxies: interstellar matter { galaxies: photometry { interstellar: grains { interstellar: HII regions


Two hypermedia navigation aids are virtually ubiquitous the history list and the graphical overview However it can be argued that there is an increasing need for a half way house between the linear record of the individual s session and the hierar chical or network representation of abstract document structure We are therefore investigating hierarchi cal histories one particular approach to this enables backtracking to be based on the structure of the user s dialogue with the hypermedia system We believe that such discourse structural backtracking DSB avoids various di culties that have been pointed out in the literature and improves a hypertext system s usabil ity To test this we have implemented DSB in Emacs Info and run some simple experiments the pilot re sults con rm the importance to navigation of individ ual di erences in cognitive style In particular we believe that DSB may help alleviate the navigational problems su ered by users with poorer spatial visual isation skills


In this study, Cu – Ni-Al 6061, rod were joined by friction welding techniques at various mechanical characterization.Corrosion, micro, macrostructure, grain structure, scanning Electros ion Micros cope[SEM] Analysis behavior of the Explosively joined sample was investigated. The influence of grain size on pitting corrosion of 6061Al in 3.5wt NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical methods. At the end of the corrosion test carried out according to ASTM G3- Standard no separation was observed at the interface of the joint samples. The result of corrosion test showed no sign of any distinctive separation crack, tear, in the interface. The highest corrosion rate was measured in regions next to interfaces, the optical microscope and SEM examinations revealed that the corrosion current and corrosion rates are very low for the specimens welded with low upset pressure compared to other specimens.The minimum and maximum corrosion rates vary from0.466 and 356.64 mA/ Square centimeter.


Casting is a manufacturing process where a solid is melted, heated to proper temperature, and is then poured into a cavity or mold, which contains it in the proper shape during solidification. Casting process generally is classified as expendable mold or permanent mold. These researches consist of design and fabricate mould for die casting process and analyze the structure and surfaces of the casted materials. Objective of the research is to design and fabricates mold for tensile test specimen, following ASTM E8 standard and to analysis the surface and structure of casted material. Material that has been used for mold is mild steel meanwhile casted material is aluminum alloys. Furthermore, this research is consisting of several main processes which mold is design by Solidwork software and simulation for machining process is done by mastercam software. Meanwhile, fabrication process is done by CNC milling machine and finally perform casting process to produce casted materials. Subsequently, these researches were carried out in order to analyze the effect of surface roughness, dimension and thickness values on casted material by 3 different pre-heated temperatures. For these experiments, 3 measurements were measured at 3 casted materials from three different pre-heated mold temperatures. Therefore, 100 °c, 250 °c and 350 °c temperatures were tested to observe the effects of surface roughness, dimension and thickness of casted material. For surface roughness,the analysis of results indicated the value of surface roughness does not affected by different preheated temperature. Other than that, the values of thickness and dimensions of the casted material were slightly decreased at different pre-heated temperature. When the dimension and thickness pre-heated at 150°c, the values decreased compared with other pre-heated temperature. For pre-heated mold temperature 150°c, the dimension and thickness values are 8.18mm and 3.29 mm. Meanwhile, for 250°c and 350°c pre-heated mold temperature, the dimension and thickness values is 12.55 mm, 12.57 mm, 3.37 mm and 3.54 mm. For pre- heated temperature 200°c and 350°c, the values of dimension and thickness not significantly different. In addition, the morphology examinations through scanning electron microscope (SEM) were examined in order to investigate the effects of porosity defects by different pre-heated mold temperature. The result shows that porosity still occurred at casted material with different pre-heated mold temperatures. However, for pre- heated 150°c mold temperature, porosity occurred more than other pre-heated mold temperature. It proved that the undesirable pre-heated mold temperatures causes more porosity will occurred on casted material. The appropriate pre-heated temperature is 280 °c and 350 °c for aluminum alloys to produce good casted products.


It seems to be something of a hobby for newspapers around the world to hammer the medical profession. You can almost guarantee that wherever you are in the world and whatever newspaper you happen to unfold there will be something inside it about doctors' mistakes, misdemeanours, and mendacity.

So how has this negative publicity affected the public's opinion of the profession? If the media are as powerful as many people believe, the drip, drip of bad news should have resulted in a dive in patients' trust in doctors.

Yet an inquiry by the BMJ covering seven countries shows that, in most places, respect for doctors is extremely high and has not altered noticeably over the past 10 years. The only exception seems to be Germany, where the pedestal on which doctors have been put remains high—though it is now slightly beneath, rather than above, the clouds.

There, doctors are losing some status, although they are still by far the most prestigious profession. In a recent poll they beat their nearest rivals—priests—by nearly 30% with 74% of the public claiming they have the …


pressure through all its life, whether it is in its normal state or in its excited state. In view of making this point clearer, I propose to obtain the speed of ejection from purely quantum-theoretical argument and to deduce Milne's result as a special case. If an atom of mass m moving with velocity v in the outward radial direction from a stellar atmosphere is exposed to a radiation-field I(x,v,Į)dv in the frequency-range v to v+dv at a height x from the lower atmosphere of radius r=a counted from the centre of the star in unit solid angle around a direction making an angle 0 with the out ward direction. Suppose that the atom is capable of two quantum states, 1 (normal state) and2 (excited state) with the statistical weight