The 16S rRNA gene sequences of Nostoc commune,N.flagelliforme and N.sphaeroides were obtained by 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.The phylogenetic analysis among 14 strains and a outgroup(Synechocystis sp.) were constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences by neighbor-joining(NJ) method and maximum parsimony(MP) method.The NJ tree was basically consistent with the MP tree.The results showed:(1)The genetic distances among N.commune,N.flagelliforme and N.sphaeroides(0.012 9~0.026 1,average 0.020 3) were more than the intraspecific genetic distances of N.commune(0.000 7~0.011 8,average 0.007 4),beyond the extent of the intraspecific differences.The three species were clustered in different clades respectively;(2) The genetic distances among the three species and other seven species of Nostoc including N.cf.verrucosum(0.042 3~0.099 6,average 0.056 1) were longer than those among the three species.In the phylogenetic trees N.commune,N.flagelliforme and N.sphaeroides were clustered closer,but they had further relations with other species of Nostoc.So,N.commune,N.flagelliforme and N.sphaeroides should belong to three different species of the genus Nostoc,but the relationships among them are close.


Recovering tungsten from the leach solution of adipic acid (ADA) synthesis by oxidizing cyclohexene over tungsten peroxide catalyst is a problem. Herein, a novel process is explored to recover tungsten and recycle catalyst in this production process. The reaction mother liquor of ADA synthesis was treated with triethylamine, and the tungsten peroxide decomposed to tungsten. The acidification of mother liquor with HNO3 leads to precipitation of tungsten in the form of H2WO4. The component of recovered reagent was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. A tungsten recovery of 97% was achieved. The regenerated catalyst was prepared from recovered tungsten. The regenerated catalyst provided a yield of ADA of 94.1%, which is comparable to the 94.5% yield of ADA with fresh catalyst. The effective recovery of tungsten and the excellent performance of regenerated catalyst show that an effective recovery approach has been developed.


The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is indication that either smoking, alcohol ingestion, or ingestion of analgesic or non-salicylate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs plays any role in the development of chronic gastric ulcer disease. A group of 104 patients with gastric ulcer was compared with an age, sex and social grade matched community control population as regards exposure to the above factors during three time periods--the lifetime, five year and one year periods before the initial onset of the patients' ulcer symptoms. In all three study periods a statistically significant risk of gastric ulcer was found to be associated with smoking, and the daily use of aspirin, indomethacin and of other non-salicylate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a group, but not with alcohol or daily use of paracetamol. As exposure to the environmental factors preceded the initial onset of ulcer symptoms, causal relationships are suggested. Assuming the association are causal, it can be calculated that possibly up to 80% of gastric ulcer disease is attributable to smoking and the daily ingestion of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.


that suggest that Littleton and Malcor are poorly grounded in the history they need to know in order to demonstrate the validity or even the plausibility of their case. Indeed, given their thesis and the way they present it, one also wonders whether they even know the history of that history. It must be said, after all, that to argue the Scythian origins of Arthur is scarcely a radical reassessment when, in fact, it goes back for centuries and was first given popular form by Sharon Turner in the 1820s. Indeed, one still encounters it in some of the more occult and/or evangelical literature today, notable Adam Rutherford's Israel-Britain: An Explanation of the Origin, Function and Destiny of the Norse-AngloCelto-Saxon Race (1934, with many subsequent editions) and Herbert W. Armstrong's The United States and Britain in Prophecy (1967', with an equal number of subsequent editions). No scholar would want to buy into their tales of the Scythians as the Lost Tribes of Israel and hence of Britons and Americans as the true inheritors of their manifest destiny but at the same time anyone pursuing the Scythian connection should surely be aware of their existence and continuing appeal, for they suggest dimensions to the whole hypothesis that are badly in need of serious investigation.


This research article aimed to identify HR management training approaches that can enhance sustainable public service administration skills in Indonesia. The study reviewed the literature on HR management training approaches, including e-learning, job rotation, cross-functional teams, and performance management. The researcher may conduct a literature review focusing on the study's objectives, such as locating HR management training methods that improve Indonesia's sustainable public service administration skills. The literature review should be comprehensive, including current and pertinent publications. The research also explored the potential barriers to practical HR management training in Indonesia and the role of technology in HR management training. The findings of this study suggest that e-learning can provide cost-effective training opportunities, job rotation can enhance employees' skills and knowledge, cross-functional teams can facilitate knowledge sharing and collaboration, and performance management can set clear performance expectations and provide regular feedback and coaching. The study also highlights the need for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of different HR management training approaches, identify barriers to practical training, and explore the role of technology in HR management training.


The ability to reprogram in vivo a somatic cell after differentiation is quite limited. One of the most impressive examples of such a process is transdifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells (PECs) to lens cells during lens regeneration in newts. However, very little is known of the molecular events that allow newt cells to transdifferentiate. Histone B4 is an oocyte‐type linker histone that replaces the somatictype linker histone H1 during reprogramming mediated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We found that B4 is expressed and required during transdifferentiation of PECs. Knocking down of B4 decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, which resulted in considerable smaller lens. Furthermore, B4 knock‐down altered gene expression of key genes of lens differentiation and nearly abolished expression of γ‐crystallin. These data are the first to show expression of oocyte‐type linker histone in somatic cells and its requirement in newt lens transdifferentiation and suggest that transdifferentiation in newts might share common strategies with reprogramming after SCNT.— Maki, N., Suetsugu‐Maki, R., Sano, S., Nakamura, K., Nishimura, O., Tarui, H., Del Rio‐Tsonis, K., Ohsumi, K., Agata, K., Tsonis, P. A. Oocyte‐type linker histone B4 is required for transdifferentiation of somatic cells in vivo. FASEB J. 24, 3462–3467 (2010). www.fasebj.org


This work focuses on quantifying the impact of accessibility to personal activities on the decision to own mobility resources (vehicles, subscriptions, seasonal tickets...). The majority of discrete choice models trying to explain vehicle ownership employ sociodemographic information as explanatory variables. Compared to this state of the art, the authors' contribution is to further explore the explanatory power of mobility-related attributes: they test empirically to which extent medium/long term decision processes, such as membership and ownership of different modes of transport, are influenced by the quality of travel offered by these modes for serving one's activity pattern. Eventually, this knowledge should contribute to an improved prediction of the impact on modal choice of a substantial improvement at the supply side of mobility. A special case of this is the introduction of a new alternative in the choice set, where the model could be applied to determine how much a new sustainable mode should facilitate daily trip making to convince a person to make transition to that sustainable mode of transport (e.g. e-bike) and make society less car dependent. Finally, this paper aims to statistically prove the goodness of the model employed to represent this aggregate trip costs.


In order to solve the scale and rotation problem in target tracking, a target tracking algorithm based on scale invariant feature transform and mean shift is proposed. First, template area and the target area in the extreme value point of scale space are detected, then accurate position and scale of the feature point are detected through the simulation of three dimensional quadratic function, after that feature points of the target area and template area are matched, and error matching is removed according to the continuity of scale and angle between adjacent frame. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good tracking performance when targets angle and scale changed.


There are two distinct genotypes and morphotypes of fish belonging to Galaxias vulgaris Stokell (sensu lato) in narrow sympatry in Healy Stream, a tributary of the Kye Burn in the Taieri River system, northeastern Otago. Therefore the present taxonomy of the species misrepresents the diversity of these fish. Analysis of allozymes using gel electrophoresis indicates at least four groups of populations. The two sympatric forms are clearly distinct species; the taxonomic status of the other geno‐ and morphotypes is more equivocal, but three species are recognised and described or redescribed here, on the basis of morphological and genetic evidence: Galaxias vulgaris Stokell (type locality: Rubicon River, Waimakariri River system, North Canterbury), present in and north of the Waitaki River; G. anomalus Stokell (type locality: a drain tributary of the Manuherikia River, between Ophir and Omakau, Clutha River), present in the Clutha and Taieri Rivers in Otago. in the rivers of Southland as far west as the Waia...


Water drops shedding from a cascade of turbine fixed blades have been observed under simulated operating conditions in the C.E.R.L. steam tunnel. The sizes and velocities of the water drops are correlated with conditions downstream in the wake of the blades. The results are shown to be in good agreement with observations made in turbines, and are used to predict the extent and pattern of erosion on a following moving blade row. Upon comparison of the predicted pattern with the actual damage to a moving blade it is found that the impacting drops create pits in the metal surface which are smaller in diameter than the water drops. The physical process occurring when a drop impacts on a surface containing a small pit is illustrated by simple laboratory tests. The impact pressure generated in the water drop causes the front face of the drop to accelerate and strike the base of the pit at up to three times the impact velocity of the drop. This fundamental process accounts for the characteristic pitting of erode...


The Canadian reference power allows governments to ask appellate courts for an advisory opinion without a live dispute. Reference cases have been an important element of Canadian federalism since their creation in 1875 but have not been subject to a comprehensive analysis. Shifting the focus to understanding government decisions to rely on the courts to navigate federalism, this article has two objectives. First, through analysis of an original dataset of Canadian appellate reference cases from 1875 to 2017, the article provides an examination of how references have been used by governments, with particular attention to issues related to federalism. Second, the article considers how the reference power can be employed as a political strategy by governments. The reference power demonstrates clear support for the blame avoidance and credit-claiming thesis and provides compelling evidence on how the dynamics of intergovernmental relations can shape a government's decision to delegate decision-making to the courts.


The rapid climate change has led to the urgent need of implementing regulations so as to limit greenhouse gases emissions. The criticality and magnitude of the global maritime industry, the resulting gaseous emissions and the growing environmental burden have forced the IMO to develop a series of measures, including the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI).
This study calculates and analyzes the EEOI indicator and compares the results of different types of tanker vessels that emerged from a case study in a shipping company. More specifically, the calculation of the EEOI was performed in 42 tankers during the period 01/07/2016 -30/06/2017 by collecting information such as: the total quantity of transferred cargo, the total travelled distance and the type of consumed fuel per trip for each ship individually.
Results indicate that tanker vessels with greater capacity are more energy efficient compared to smaller ships. However, it was evident that variation in EEOI occurred between similar size vessels. The correlation between EEOI and vessel's DWT was calculated to be 40.65% (R2). Therefore, variations that have occurred are due to operational/logistic factors such as vessel's speed, weather conditions, hull cleaning and propeller maintenance, which in their own way each influences fuel consumption and should be taken into account in the index computation equation.


The construction of the CERN Large Hadron Collider involves an unprecedented amount of equipment testing. Very large volumes of data are taken by various data acquisition and SCADA systems and stored in plain files, in many formats and in diverse locations. Without appropriate tools, the domain experts have to put a lot of effort into locating the right information. Most of the time they have to transform data by hand in order to be able to analyze it with their favorite software tools. We have developed a data storage framework addressing those issues. Data coming from various sources before their insertion into the repository are transformed to conform with an optimized, generic and open data model. System architecture is based on a threetier paradigm to provide the separation between a storage layer and a data processing layer. Complex, user-defined queries and on-the-fly preprocessing of data are supported. Data access tools take advantage of new industry-standard technologies (WWW, Java). Thanks to this approach it is possible to access data in a platformindependent way and to plug-in the data access functionality into widely used software tools (spreadsheets, scientific toolkits).


Objective To discuss the imaging study in the diagnosis of anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from ascending aorta.Materials and Methods Angiocardiography and MRI were performed in 6 cases with one pulmonary artery abnormally originated from ascending aorta. The imaging findings were analyzed.Results Of 6 cases, the right pulmonary artery was abnormally originated from ascending aorta in 3, all of which were proximal type. In the remaining 3 cases, the left pulmonary artery was abnormally originated from ascending aorta, of which one was proximal type and 2 were distal type.Conclusion Anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from ascending aorta is a rare congenital heart disease. Angiocardiography is still a gold standard to diagnose this disorder, while MRI is a trustworthy and potential exam among noninvasive studies.


Simple Summary Avian welfare has become a highly debated issue for many activist groups and legislators over the past several years. Recently, the EU and several US states have banned the use of traditional cage environments. Therefore, it is important for producers and researchers to understand how this shift toward extensive environments will affect the quality of eggs being produced. The objective of this study was to identify how the five most used environments (cages, barren colony cages, enriched colony cages, cage-free, and free-range) affects the egg quality of brown egg layers (shell color, Haugh unit, yolk color, vitelline membrane, and shell strength). This study found that free-range eggs had superior egg quality parameters while, in most cases, eggs from both colony cages had inferior quality parameters. It was also found that both barren and enriched colony cages were not different in production parameters, indicating that simply adding enrichments to a cage environment will not change egg quality. This information shows that, as the egg industry moves toward greater adoption of extensive environments, egg quality will improve for brown egg layers, possibly allowing some of the costs to be offset. Abstract This study evaluates the effect of housing environment on the egg quality characteristics of brown egg layers as many different environments are currently used in the industry. Battery cages, barren colony cages, enriched colony cages, cage-free, and free-range environments were evaluated. Overall, all egg quality measurements were affected by housing environment (p < 0.01) except for vitelline membrane strength, elasticity, and egg solids. Eggshells and yolks were lightest in barren colony cages and darkest from free-range hens (p < 0.0001). Free-range eggs were heavier than eggs from all other environments (p < 0.0001). Cage-free eggs had lower albumen height and Haugh units than other environments (p < 0.0001). Lastly, cage-free and free-range eggs had stronger eggshells than the other environments (p < 0.0001), and free-range eggs had more elastic eggshells than eggs from conventional battery cages and barren colony cages (p < 0.01). Access to the range seemed to give free-range hens different nutritional advantages, which allowed for the darker yolks and shells. Furthermore, eggs from barren colony cages seemed to exhibit more negative characteristics. Simply adding enrichments to colony cages did not improve or detract from egg quality. From this research, it appears that, as the industry moves toward extensive environments, the egg quality of brown egg layers will improve.


Disputes are resolved to maintain the stability of the social order,and probes into the causes are the starting point of the dispute resolution researches.Based on the macroscopic cognition of Chinese contemporary construction of dispute settlement mechanism,the occurrences of disputes are usually concerned with interests,which belonged to the distribution disputes of rights and obligations based on the view of law,but from a deeper sense,this kind of disputes are inextricably tied up with information asymmetry between the parties.Therefore,the reconstruction of the trusts between the parties should be an important foundation of thoroughly solving the disputes and restoring the order of the private law.


Stationary, axially‐symmetric solutions of the gravitational field equations for vacuum, perfect fluid, and massless scalar field are considered. For the vacuum case, a similiar formulation to the one introduced by Ernst is presented by use of quarternions. Null dust solutions are found, and it is shown that they match with the van Stockum exterior solutions. An extension of the theorem by Eris and Gurses is given which enables one to construct solutions to the gravitational field equations coupled with a charged dust and a massless scalar field from the solutions of the field equations coupled only with a charged dust.


Since 2000, the Cambodian government is implementing a policy named Participatory Irrigation Management and Development (PIMD) aiming at devolving the management of irrigation schemes to Farmer Water User Communities (FWUC). Through this policy the ministry is more "engaged to not take responsibility" than really aiming at supporting the new FWUC. It has been enacted without the corresponding financial means and instead almost all efforts from the government and the donors are still directed to the construction of new infrastructures. In consequence most FWUC are inactive and only few of them have been able to manage and maintain their scheme. This "multi-sited" study explores the relations between policy making and implementation on specific irrigation schemes. How stakes circulate between various actors and arenas, especially regarding the funding of maintenance? The concepts of "Actor-Network Theory" are mobilized to describe how heterogeneous stakeholders with distinct agenda and priorities can build agreements. Network of intermediaries (donors, consultants, NGO workers) built around the support to specific FWUC have been able in some cases to resolve disjunction and avoidance between government agents and farmers through the active mobilization of other stakeholders. Farmers' and professionals' logic are combined through specific tools, techniques and norms. They allow some "translation", otherwise impossible, to produce a "sociotechnical network". The study is based on a three years ground research by a development practitioner which brings up epistemological and ethical issues related to the ambivalent position of the researcher.


Objectives: To assess the effect of a diagnosis of malignant-phase hypertension upon subsequent pregnancy outcome.Methods: Suitable patients were identified from the computerized Hospital Activity Analysis register. A retrospective case review was carried out on 8 pregnancies which occurred in 5 individuals, each of whom had in the past suffered from malignant-phase hypertension.Results: Six pregnancies resulted in a live birth although 1 of these died in the neonatal period. One pregnancy was terminated and 1 underwent a spontaneous abortion. Obstetric intervention was high; there were 5 caesarean sections and a forceps delivery. One pregnancy was complicated by worsening hypertension and a further 4 by superimposed preeclampsia.Conclusions: A prior diagnosis of malignant hypertension is not a contraindication to pregnancy. However, these individuals appear to be at high risk of superimposed PET and obstetric intervention.


In this paper, modeling and fabrication of ink-jet printed resonant-circuit sensors are proposed. The sensing principle is described and two different models of sensor have been designed and characterized. The sensor has been tested in air environment as well as dipped in the water for finding the right circuit properties for potential usage in liquid content sensing.


The convulsive status was identificed by Gowers and in 1945, Lennox descubre the status non convulsive. In thhis study we considez non convulsive status when the symtoms last more then five minuts. The origen may be of multiple estiologys and may be followed by complication. We studied 35 expedients and folind confusion disconexion and a 5.7 % mortality.


The author reflects on a lack of diversity which exists in the fields of mental health, HIV and AIDS research. He suggests that the stigma that is associated with the diseases keeps many people from becoming involved in research. He argues that enhancing diversity to strengthen research capacity is necessary and will benefit public health.


120 children, preschool through third grade, were given a diotic competing message task. The competing auditory messages were prerecorded and presented free field via loudspeaker. The messages consisted of a Signal message and a Distraction message varied systematically in relative intensity and content. The results indicated that errors on the competing message task: varied inversely with age, increased with changes toward more unfavorable Signal to Distraction levels for the younger children, and were directly influenced by the content of the distraction message for all ages.


Due to the commission structure there is little price competition in residential real estate brokerage services, and the local Multiple Listing Service (MLS) equalizes access to market information among brokerages. Real estate firms are thus faced with the challenge of standing out in a crowded market with few points of real competitive differentiation. Results of a telephone survey with 2,107 respondents reveal a relatively high level of top-of-mind awareness for the major firms, regardless of transaction intention. Recall for smaller firms was correlated with transaction intention consistent with theory of situational involvement. Overall, recall appears to be linked with the use of a powerful brand symbol.


The discovery of a new hormone is understandably followed by a competitive urgency to seek useful clinical applications. For the glycoprotein hormones inhibin, isolated in 1985 (Ling et al ., 1985; Robertson et al ., 1985), and activin, identified the following year (Vale et al ., 1986), this is no exception. Some 15 years on, we aim to summarize the advances made in understanding the roles of inhibins and activins in human reproduction, and review their current and likely future applications in clinical practice. Inhibins are heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones comprising a common α -subunit and one of two β -subunits ( α β A forming inhibin A, α β B forming inhibin B). Other β -subunits have been identified, but there is currently no evidence for the existence of additional biologically active inhibin species (Burger et al ., 2000). The existence of inhibin was predicted by McCullagh almost 70 years ago, who noted that hypertrophy of the anterior pituitary gland caused by castration could be prevented by injecting a water soluble extract of bovine testis (McCullagh, 1932). However, McCullagh's 'inhibin' hypothesis remained stalled for half a century, until the 1970s, when it was found that FSH from the pituitary gland could be selectively suppressed both in vitro and in vivo by testicular (Franchimont et al ., 1972; Setchell & Jacks, 1974; Keogh et al ., 1976) and follicular fluids (De Jong & Sharpe, 1976). It would take another decade until inhibin was finally isolated and characterized from bovine (Robertson et al ., 1985) and porcine (Ling et al ., 1985) follicular fluid. During the purification of inhibin, a structurally related substance which stimulated FSH secretion was identified. This substance was termed activin (Vale et al ., 1986) and is a dimer of the inhibin β subunit. Three activins exist: activin A ( β A – β A ), activin B ( β B – β B ) and activin AB ( β A – β B ). Inhibins and activins are related to the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ ) superfamily, sharing structural homology through the β subunit as well as common receptor pathways (Derynck et al ., 1998). Not surprisingly, it has become clear that, in addition to the regulation of FSH secretion, activins and inhibins may have diverse actions in varied tissues, including autocrine regulation of cell proliferation in the male reproductive tract (Risbridger & Cancilla, 2000), erythropoiesis (Yu et al ., 1987) and neural cell survival (Schubert et al ., 1990). Some recent advances in the understanding of activin and inhibin signalling have occurred recently with the identification of two possible inhibin receptors (Chong et al ., 2000; Lewis et al ., 2000). However, full consideration of these findings and the activin receptors and signalling mechanisms is outwith the scope of this review and is available elsewhere (Mathews, 1994; Heldin et al ., 1997; Derynck et al ., 1998; Attisano & Wrana, 2002). While initially problematic, the eventual purification of inhibin led rapidly to the development of a number of immunoassays (Burger, 1993), the most widely used of which was a radioimmunoassay employing a polyclonal antibody raised against purified bovine inhibin, with specificity directed against an epitope on the α subunit (McLachlan et al ., 1986a). This assay became known as the 'Monash' assay and was the basis of almost all of the initial studies of inhibin in human reproductive pathophysiology. However, it became apparent that this assay also detected circulating α -subunit free from the β -subunit and of uncertain bioactivity (Schneyer et al ., 1990). Therefore, while the application of the Monash assay led to important advances in our understanding of inhibin in reproductive physiology, some observations, as will be discussed below, were difficult to explain (Bhasin et al ., 1996). The subsequent development of specific two site assays, particularly those peformed by Groome and colleagues (Groome et al ., 1994, 1996), for inhibin A and B, inhibin α -subunit precursors and the activins, clarified those apparent inconsistencies and revealed the specific changes in inhibins and activins in health and disease, as discussed below. Although there are a host of different areas of investigation into inhibins and activins in obstetrics and gynaecology, they centre around three major tissues of origin: the ovary, placenta and testis. Therefore, this review will be structured around these sites of origin, affording a logical discussion linking clinical studies to the physiology of these hormones.


In order to examine the effect of multi-stage flash distillation on the conversion of polluted sea water, fundamental experiments and quality test of fresh water were carried out. The plant used in this study was a coal mining company in Ikeshima, Nagasaki, and has a distilling capacity of 2650 ton/day. The results were as follows : 1) It was possible to prevent the NH3-N distillation completely when the pH value of sea water was adjusted to 4.0 with sulfuric acid. 2) Efficency of purification of sea water by this plant was excellent, but total hardness, Cl-, PO3-4, and metaphosphate of supply water were higher than those of total distilled water, because of the addition of metal-masking reagents and brine water in this supply water.


This paper examines the view of Imam Sawi towards isra'iliyyat in the interpretation of the mustyiah mustard. The inclusion of isra'iliyyat in Islam began in the era of the Prophet, but that period was still counted by the Prophet. After he died, the entry of Israel became increasingly out of control. In the tabi'in era and later generations, many commentators have included isra'iliyyat in their interpretations even today. The method in this research is descriptive-analytical with content analysis for data analysis. In this study, 12 stories which are categorized as isra'iliyyat are displayed. From this research,Sawi's view of isra'iliyyatcould be analyzed.At some point,he gives comments, and he is also silent to some extent. Of the 12 stories that are displayed, there are 3 stories that get comments while the rest is without comments. Those who received comments were the story of Joseph and Zulaikha, the son of Ibrahim who was slain and the story of Zainab bint Jahsyi. From these results, it can be concluded that Sawi is a productive and critical writer, while the israiliyyat shown may be ibrah. As for not commenting, because of the nature of tawadhu'he was a great Sufi from the Tariqah Khalwatiyah.


Simple Summary When conditions make it necessary to end a horse's life, it must be accomplished in a humane manner. Intravenous administration of an overdose of a concentrated barbiturate anesthetic agent has been the most common method for providing a humane ending in horses. However, due to emerging public safety, barbiturate supply constraints, and environmental reasons, alternative methods for providing humane endings for horses and other large animals are required today. A gunshot correctly delivered to the brain has been shown to be an effective option. It is critical the gun be aimed correctly for the gunshot to destroy specific structures in the brain ensuring instantaneous, permanent unconsciousness and death. Despite the availability of aiming guidelines, studies examining bullet trajectories in animals euthanized by gunshot have identified issues related to incorrect aiming leading to unreliable disruption of the brain structures to ensure a quick and humane death. The availability of a training model and establishment of training guidelines for practitioners to gain proficiency with gunshot euthanasia prior to performing the procedure on animals in the field would correct this welfare issue. This paper describes the development of a 3D-printed, anatomically accurate, economically scalable, and portable model for training in successful humane gunshot euthanasia. Abstract Challenges and issues related to the use of pentobarbital euthanasia and disposal of animal remains within the US have recently been reviewed. Environmental and public health challenges increasingly necessitate consideration of alternative methods such as gunshots, an American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) "acceptable with conditions" method, for the humane euthanasia of horses. A recent study reported a correctly aimed gunshot provides a humane option for euthanizing horses. However, although aiming guidelines exist, studies examining bullet trajectories in animals euthanized by gunshot have reported that inadequate disruption of the brain is a serious welfare issue. Here, we report the development and production of a portable, reusable, equine gunshot euthanasia training model. Using 3D printing, an anatomically accurate model of an equine head has been developed, with external aiming landmarks and equipped with integrated laser sensors and LED eyes. The laser sensors are embedded in two specific anatomical tracts (pons and medulla) with aiming paths associated with the aiming landmarks to train correct aiming angle. The LED eyes are linked to the laser sensors to provide instant feedback on aiming accuracy. When a beam from a commercially available blue training gun laser travels along the correct aiming path and strikes the sensor inside the head, the lights in the model's eyes go out and there is an audible signal, providing immediate feedback on the accuracy of the shot. The model facilitates the training of veterinary personnel and first responders in successful gunshot euthanasia, providing instantaneous feedback on the likelihood of a shot causing immediate, humane death in a live animal.


The age‐specific frequency of newly diagnosed in‐situ and invasive uterine cervical carcinoma was determined in a 4‐year cytologic cancer detection study of 22,214 Southwestern American Indian women, predominantly Navajo, and 22,453 medically indigent non‐Indian women (97% Caucasian) resident in the same region. For patients less than 60 years of age, newly diagnosed cervical carcinoma is more frequent among non‐Indians, but at ages of 60 or older, the Indian rate surpasses that of non‐Indians. Social and economic conditions experienced by Southwestern Indians are consistent with a higher cervical cancer frequency for these subjects than for non‐Indians, yet paradoxically the Indian rate is lower. A completely satisfactory explanation for this discrepancy is not available; however, factors relating to patient selection and reproductive behavior are presented which possibly explain the rate discrepancy.


Through the domestication of anaerobic granular sludge, combined with four level anaerobic reactor, we study the mixing process of fermentation residues and heavy liquid raffinate of Spiramycin. The results indicate that anaerobic granular sludge can adapt the environment of organic solvent with the increase of feeding COD gradually. And Based on this method,we treated the anaerobic granular sludge. In the end, through four level anaerobic reactor, with the condition of HRT 13, we combined the fermentation residues and heavy liquid raffinate of Spiramycin, Spiramycin remain reduce 90%, solid content decrease 50%, and the efflux of solid content remains 2%, and the soluble COD decrease 70%, which remains 4 000 mg/L,which lays the foundation of further treatment.


In 2009, the first Italian offshore LNG terminal, located approximately 12 km from the coast of Italy in the Northern Adriatic Sea, started its operation phase. Even if the active chlorine concentration in the discharged seawater is within limits set by Italian regulations (0.2 mg/L), to verify the environmental impact of disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the ecosystem, a specific monitoring program was scheduled from 2010 to 2015. The present study is the first displaying results of DBPs in marine waters of the Adriatic Sea. During the first two years of monitoring activities, DBPs were slightly above limit of quantifications (LOQs) in all investigated matrices and limited to the nearest area around the terminal. In these surveys, bromoform was the most frequently detected compound in seawaters, while haloacetic acid presence, as well as transplanted mussels and fish fauna, mostly characterized sediments. In the following surveys, levels were mostly negligible in all matrices investigated, with values mostly below the specific LOQs of the different compounds.


In recent years, transmedia storytelling has gained a new dimension along with developing technologies. In Central Asian countries, where local values are strongly observed, the extent of local values' impact on transmedia storytelling has been a considerable dispute. In this chapter, the application of the concept of transmedia storytelling and transmedia narratives in advertising campaigns in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan was explored. In the theoretical part of the research, the application of transmedia storytelling and transmedia narrative in narrative advertisements was examined. In the practical part of the research, a qualitative research was carried out to investigate the advertising campaigns realized in the framework of transmedia storytelling in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. In the survey of established advertising campaigns, the implementation form of a transmedia narrative has been examined, and evaluated through the transmedia narrative perspective.


Disturbance of the fat--lipoid metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of radiation sickness. This problem was studied by determining the cholesterol content of the blood serum of rabbits and dogs exposed to wholebody radiation, attempting to clarify simultaneously also the effect of BETA - cystosterol which was found to reduce the cholesterol content of blood. The method of S. M. Neuschlosz (Biochem. Z. 225: 123(1930)) was used for the analytical measurements. Results showed a sudden increase of the cholesterol count of the blood serum of the rabbit 24 hours after irradiation; the concentration decreased again to a normal value in the animals which recovered. Dogs did not show such an increase during the first days. In both types of animals which died of radiation sickness the cholesterol content continued to increase considerably until death. The beta -cytosterol did not affect the dynamics of the cholesterol reaction and did not exert a protective effect. (TTT)


DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INTERNATIONAL TRADE DATA SYSTEM. SUBTITLE: INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVES WERE SKEPTICAL AT FIRST, BUT ARE WARMING TO THE IDEA.


Since Richard Wilk's and William Rathje's original article in American Behavioral Scientist 30 years ago, archaeological studies of the household have proven to be a fruitful inquiry into this basic social unit. This volume expands this inquiry with a series of papers presented at the 46th Annual Conference of the Society for Historical Archaeology in Leicester, England, in 2013. Mary Beaudry opens this volume, exploring studies that include architecture, landscapes, and refuse disposal. These topics are pursued through a range of analytical forms from the cultural geographers' perspective of discourse materialized, to multiscalar levels ranging from microhistory to global reform movements. Beaudry extends the reach of household studies, raising points of materiality and habitus within the assemblages and then exploring their meanings. In several of the papers in this volume, multiscalar analysis establishes connectivity through widening levels of cultural interaction. Matthew Reeves expands the inquiry into slave household assemblages using studies at community, regional, and national levels. He compares the effect of trade networks on ceramic assemblages from Virginia slave quarters in the Montpelier Plantation to slave settlements in Jamaica. A comparison of ceramic and window glass assemblages found ceramic trading patterns between local markets the same, but they differed at the national level. Drawing wider comparisons found these patterns to be attributed to different market conditions between merchants supplying a slave population in Jamaica compared to those serving a white population in the Chesapeake. Using scalar analysis on window glass, Reeves compared its frequency from the households of enslaved domestics to those of enslaved artisans. Proximity to the plantation house appears to have been a determining factor as to whether slave quarters of domestics or artisans had glazed windows, raised floors, masonry chimneys, and other structural amenities in keeping with published reform treatises on clean and well managed slave quarters. Nicole Isenbarger and Andrew Agha also exercise a multiscalar approach in their insightful approach to the analysis of colonoware from trash deposits at a single duplex cabin on the Dean Hall Plantation of South Carolina. Household analysis of midden deposits from adjoining slave quarters identified household-based colonoware production as well as locally available commercial ceramics. Isenbarger and Agha suggest that choices by the occupants for colonoware cooking vessels over other ceramic styles or iron cookware are indicators of a preference for traditional African foodways. Kevin R. Fogle takes a discourse materialized approach to the effect of proslavery reforms on the landscape of slave households on a South Carolina plantation.


The BBC Trust, the apex of the BBC�s system of self-regulation, issues a service licence for every BBC UK public service channel. The licence defines the scope, aims, objectives, headline budget, and other important features of each service and states how performance is assessed by the Trust. Each BBC service is reviewed against its licence at least once every five years.


The invention discloses a soda machine with a partition-type soda bottle. The soda machine with the partition-type soda bottle has the improvement that, the soda bottle comprises a bottle cover and a bottle body which are detachably connected, the bottle cover is divided into a pressure maintaining cavity and a plurality of jam cavities by partitions, an air check valve is arranged in the pressure maintaining cavity, an air outlet pipe stretches into the bottle body, a first plate body is arranged below the check valve, the air outlet pipe penetrates through the first plate body, the upper end of the first plate body is connected with a plurality of springs, the upper ends of the springs are connected with the upper end face of the bottle cover, the lower ends of the plurality of jam cavities are provided with shower nozzles, the press heads of the shower nozzles stretches out of the side wall of the bottle cover, the upper ends of the jam cavities are provided with feeding holes, sealing devices are arranged on the feeding holes, a plurality of second plate bodies are arranged in the bottle body to divide the bottle body into a plurality of cavities, the air outlet pipe penetrates through the second plate bodies, and vent holes are formed in the second plate bodies. The soda machine with the partition-type soda bottle can produce the soda with higher concentration, and meanwhile the jam with different tastes can be added conveniently after the soda is produced.


From 1 to 50 ppm of 10 different heavy metal ions were added to blended muscle taken from freshly killed cod, haddock, flounders, redfish, herring, mackerel, scallops, and lobster, and stored for 24 hr at 0 C. The resulting rancidities were determined by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values and odours. With some exceptions, Fe++, V++, and Cu++ were the most active catalysts. Fe++ was always more effective than Fe+++. Cd++, Co++, and Zn+ produced randicity with the fatty species but not with any of the other species that were tested. Ni++, Cr++, Ce++, and Mn++ did not accelerate rancidity in any of the muscles. There was considerable difference in the relative susceptibility of muscle from different species to rancidity induced by specific metals. During frozen storage, changes in fish muscle took place that rendered it less susceptible to subsequent metal-induced rancidities.


The near infrared spectra of N214O16 and N15N14O16 have been investigated using a high‐resolution grating spectrometer. The α's and hence the Be values for both isotopic species have been determined. From the Be values, the equilibrium N–N and N–O internuclear distances have been found to be 1.126A and 1.186A, respectively.


Brassica juncea L.is a Zn/Cd tolerance plant,and the gene expression of heavy metal ATPase(HMA) has not been reported.In the present work,two cDNA fragments of BjHMA,BjHMA3 and BjHMA4,were isolated from B.juncea seedling.Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that both BjHMA3 and BjHMA4 were constitutively expressed in all tissue and preferentially in root.The mRNA profile of BjHMA3 or BjHMA4 was the lowest in leaf while the expressions were strongly enhanced by Zn or Cd stress,indicating that BjHMA played important roles in growth and in heavy metal homeostasis and tolerance in plant.


Linear control differential algebraic equations with identically degenerate matrix before the derivative of the desired vector function are considered. The issues of stabilizability, controllability of spectrum and minimum dimension of control vector necessitated for complete controllability of the system on any closed interval from the domain of definition are investigated. The problems are analyzed in connection with time invariant systems having regular matrix pencils, and also systems with real-analytic or smooth coefficients possessing some structural forms.