Even as individual colonies faded, Huguenots remained prominent in a world of empires. This chapter examines how individuals used institutions, especially in the British empire, to preserve their own positions and promote a particular kind of Protestant imperialism. There were three most common ways to do this. The first was in the Church of England, where a number of refugee ministers became missionaries in the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, making the Church a force for international Protestantism. The second was in the military, where officers like Paul Mascarene and John Ligonier rose to power. Finally, Huguenot merchants became some of the most important go-betweens in the Atlantic world. In each case, these Huguenots drew from their connections and experience with French people to push the empire in a certain direction, eventually toward promoting a new set of Huguenot colonies.


The present study was carried out in order to obtain data which will be able to prove the safety of chlortetracycline as a food additive when employed in keeping quality of sockeye salmon. The sample fish were caught on May 24, 1958, by the gill net in the Behring Sea area and immediately after receiving aboard a factory ship they were dipped for 30 minutes in chlor-tetracycline (10ppm)-sea water. The fish were frozen and kept thereafter at about -20°C. The sample fish were landed at Tokyo port two weeks later and carried over to our laboratory by air. Various tissues were assayed for CTC by TOMIYAMA et al's cylinder plate method7). It was observed that not only the skin but also the operculum, the fin and the gills con-tained a large amount of CTC whereas the flesh only less than 0.13 ppm and the gut less than 0.01 ppm. The assay for CTC in several thin layers of flesh under the skin revealed that no penetration of CTC occurred in flesh deeper than 3 to 4mm from the skin under the present experimental condition. The canning of the treated fish inactivated the penetrated CTC com-pletely. Such cooking procedures as boiling, broiling and frying also destroyed the CTC resi-dues on fillets cut from the treated fish. It was clearly shown that the rate of inactivation of CTC at 95-99°C. conformed with the first order reaction. Based on the present data as well as recent literatures on the toxicity of CTC and iso-CTC, emergence of CTC-resistant strain and anaphylactic reaction due to long-term ingestion of low-level of CTC, the present discussions have disclosed the safety of CTC when employed for keeping freshness of sockeye salmon.


Purpose The primary aims of this study are to: 1) compare carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) of young males who are habitual snorers compared to those who do not snore; 2) to compare CIMT between snorers and non-snorers to the intima media thickness (IMT) of the brachial artery, the control, that is not exposed to the vibrations from snoring; and 3) to determine the risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in snorers compared to non-snorers through the use of validated questionnaires. Methods Subjects were classified as snorers (n=17) or non-snorers (n=6) according to the prescreening questionnaire. Height, weight, neck and waist circumferences, body composition, physical activity level, heart rate variability and accelerometer data were collected on each subject. Brachial and carotid IMT was imaged via ultrasonography; IMT measurements were compared between groups using brachial IMT as the control to compare CIMT between groups. Results No significant group differences were noted for any study variable, however a correlation was found between CIMT and physical activity (PA) (expressed as MET-min/wk) (r=0.65, p = .001). After controlling for PA, mean CIMT was greater in snorers compared to non-snorers (0.367 mm vs. 0.310 mm respectively; p=.014). Brachial IMT did not differ between groups. Questionnaire data showed that 58.8% of snorers were at high risk for developing OSA compared to 0% for non-snorers. Conclusion Results suggest that the vibrations from snoring may contribute


Wireless Telecommunication networks have become fundamental to daily activities. Today, people have access to at least one type of wireless telecommunication network. In this context, optimizing the energy consumption of wireless telecommunications infrastructure has become a new challenge for the research community, governments and industries in order to reduce CO2 emission and operational energy costs. This thesis investigates the power consumption of indoor/outdoor Wireless Access Devices (WADs, specifically WiFi and WiMAX access points) and provides novel techniques for improving the energy efficiency of wireless access networks. Our approach focuses on monitoring and analyzing the power consumption of WADs using real-testbed and experimental measurements in order to understand the fundamental limits and trade-offs involved. This, in turn, will be used to propose efficient techniques to reduce power consumption and to maximize the energy efficiency of wireless access networks. We introduce energino a novel hardware and software solution for real-time energy consumption monitoring in wireless networks. We also propose an experimentally-driven approach to (i) characterize typical WADs from a power consumption standpoint, (ii) develop simple and accurate power consumption models and metrics for such WADs, and (iii) design techniques to tune the power consumption of a wireless infrastructure to the actual network conditions in terms of both users density and traffic patterns. Our measurements from several real-life deployments show that (a) the power consumption of such WADs exhibits a linear dependence on the traffic until a saturation point is reached and (b) the developed techniques can deliver significant energy savings with minimal degradation in terms of the quality of service provided.


Assessment of DNA damage is of primary concern when determining the pollution-related stress in living organisms. Micronucleus assays with fish have been shown to be useful in vivo techniques for genotoxicity testing and show potential for in situ monitoring of water quality. We used Labeo rohita yearling to investigate the genotoxicity of potassium dichromate, a soluble form of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]. To evaluate genotoxic potential of hexavelent chromium [Cr (VI)] on aquatic animals, fish Labeo rohita were exposed to potassium dichromate. The 96 h LC 50 value of potassium dichromate was estimated 106.37 mg/l for the fish in a semistatic system. On the basis of 96 h LC 50 , the sub lethal and nonlethal concentrations of the heavy metal were selected and the fish were exposed. The blood samples were collected from the exposed fish. The present study indicated that hexavelent chromium is a genotoxic agent for the acute exposure to Labeo rohita and Micronucleus test is a sensitive and rapid method to detect the effect.


Between 1967 and 1969, {approximately}3100 m{sup 3} of transuranic (TRU) waste from the Rocky Flats Plant was buried with other hazardous and low-level radioactive wastes in a 40- x 116-m disposal pit located at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory`s Radioactive Waste Management Complex. This pit, designated as pit 9, is estimated to contain {approximately}40 Ci of {sup 238}Pu, 1.7 kCi of {sup 239}Pu, 0.4 kCi of {sup 240}Pu, 3.0 kCi of {sup 240}Pu, and 3.1 kCi of {sup 241}Am. During the nearly 30 yr that have elapsed since burial, normal surface-water movement coupled with the disintegration of the original containers have contributed to limited migration of radionuclides past the boundaries of the original disposal containers. Sensitivity to issues germane to buried TRU waste has led to the decision to retrieve this material. Because the remediation operations involve fissile materials, a credible nuclear criticality safety (NCS) analysis must be performed as part of the safety evaluation process to demonstrate the improbability of any contingencies contributing to an inadvertent criticality. Environmental NCS analyses are problematic because no experimental benchmarks with comparable ranges of scale and fissile material concentration exit that can be applied to environmental situations.


We obtain the ranks of m-gonal numbers such that the difference between any two m-gonal numbers is unity. The recurrence relations satisfied by the ranks of each m-gonal numbers are also presented.


The results of 165 transfusions performed by means of the simple technic 1 I described in 1915 have been so encouraging as to warrant a report. This paper will present (1) an analysis of the effects of transfusion on various clinical conditions; (2) a comparison between the use of unmodified and modified blood, and (3) a summary of the results of all the transfusions. INDICATIONS FOR TRANSFUSION The indications for transfusion are (1) hemorrhage; (2) diseases of the blood; (3) toxemias; (4) infections; (5) shock, and (6) general debility. 1. Hemorrhage. —This is one of the conditions in which blood transfusion is the ideal form of treatment. It serves not only to replace lost blood but also to check actual bleeding. In acute hemorrhages, the results are naturally more brilliant than in less fulminating bleeding. The diseases in which hemorrhage served as the indication for the transfusion of blood fall


T-cell immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is important for prevention of virus infections and disease relapse. How to modify the conditioning regimen and the graft composition to promote immune recovery post HSCT was one of the key issue of transplant immunology from 2011 ASH annual meeting.In this review,advance knowledge concerning the T-cell immune reconstitution post HSCT is summarized.

Key words:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; T -cell; Immune reconstitution; American Society of Hematology annual meeting


Flavoplaca havaasii, previously known only from its type locality in southern Norway, is reported here from a second locality in Nordland, northern Norway. Xanthocarpia marmorata, reported from three localities in Sweden, is new to Scandinavia and Athallia saxifragarum, previously unknown from Fennoscandia, is reported from both Norway and Finland.


The standard form of the Kerr-Newman (KN) metric contains the total mass of a charged rotating source, which includes the mass of the neutral non-rotating source (the "irreducible" mass), as well as the mass equivalents of the rotational and electric field energies. According to the Christodolou-Ruffini mass formula, at a constant irreducible mass, the total mass increases with increasing angular momentum and charge. However, ignoring this fact, at studying the dependence of the effects of gravity on parameters, the total mass was assumed to be constant with varying angular momentum and/or charge, and this error led to physically absurd results, as if an increase in charge and/or angular momentum, by increasing the energy of the source, weakens the effects of gravity. Recently, the author introduced the concept of metrics with independent parameters and formulated a new method for describing the effects of gravity based on it, leading to physically correct results (Z. Zakir 2022). The KN metric was also expressed through independent parameters, in particular through the irreducible mass, independent of charge and angular momentum (Z. Zakir 2023). It was shown that in the KN metric with irreducible mass, an increase in charge and angular momentum does not weaken the effects of gravity, as was previously accepted, but, on the contrary, enhances all these effects, as it should be when the source energy increases. This letter presents results for the shadow in the KN metric with irreducible mass. In the figures 9 shadow contours with three values of each of parameters are presented. It is shown that, as for other gravity effects, an increase in charge and/or angular momentum, increasing the source's gravity, enhances this effect also, which is expressed in an increase in the shadow area.


The invention discloses a novel Teflon heating pad. The novel Teflon heating pad comprises a heating pad body, a Teflon surface layer, a plurality of heating devices and a control device, wherein the heating pad body is a cuboid, the Teflon surface layer is located on the top plane of the heating pad body, and the heating devices and the control device are located inside the cuboid formed by the heating pad body; the heating devices are electrically connected with the control device, and the heating devices are all cuboids and are connected in parallel. In this way, the internal heating portion can be well protected, and the moisture resistance and corrosion resistance of the heating pad can be further improved and the safety factor in use can be increased by additionally arranging the Teflon surface layer.


It has been suggested that a plane wave axially incident on a large aspect ratio scatterer couples to both the insonified end of the scatterer and to the end in the geometric shadow, at low kD/2 (Dis either the minor axis of a spheroid or the diameter of a cylinder) [Williams et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 2372–2377 (1989)]. This effect is concretely established, and its experimental consequences are discussed in some detail. A novel closed‐form expression is derived for the axisymmetric, elastic response of a large aspect ratio target that directly incorporates the bipolar coupling of the acoustic and elastic fields. The form of the final expression is, in some respects, similar to that obtained from the generalized geometric theory of diffraction in the high‐frequency limit for elastic spheres and cylinders, although the physical assumptions are quite different. Simple, approximate estimates of the parameters involved in this expression are obtained and compared with a T‐matrix calculation.


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Dear Uncle Mole,

Thanks for waiting: I am delighted to report that the splicing and dicing of DNA for my latest experiment is coming along just brilliantly. This is one of those projects you do on the side, without really telling anyone. If things don't work it's only a few (


AuMac (AUtomated MAChine) is a multitask robot designed for children. Some special tasks like sound origin detection, voice recognition, robot human interactions, video conference facility and remotely operating robot anywhere from the world been implemented in this robot. This robot was made to speak depending on voice commands in such a way to communicate with the children, so it would become a best friend to them. Even their parents can look after them through robot by making a video call and can navigate robot by giving voice commands from the mobile phone to look their children. It would be useful for the doctors in this way: Generally we notice some children are not so active and suffering from autism and mental disorders. It would become tedious for the doctors to treat them as children never open up before them. Children play with toys and speak with them, they create a separate world and if the toys respond they would be much enthusiastic and be very freE. AuMac helps the doctors by communicating with the children with a preloaded tasks desired by doctors like in what way it has to communicate with them. They let children to spend with AuMac alone to make them comfortable, then doctors observe the behavior of children through video call and can easily analyze in order to cure them. AuMac is not only limited for the children but also much useful in military and other security applications. As it is provided with 3g video conference and tasks done by voice recognition, we can operate this robot anywhere from the world and can implement tasks like navigating and operating weapon (which can be installed in the robot) by just giving voice commands. Instead of human we can send this sort of robots in some terror attacked places and save human life. The same technology can be implemented in RC helicopter and can be used for monitoring areas, providing VIP security and controlling traffic can be easily done. AuMac is a low cost, highly efficient and low power consumption robot which performs actions accurately. It is designed based on Audrino Microcontroller Board.


Abstract : Unique experiments are described showing: (1) an apparently paradoxical behavior in the rising of gas bubbles in smoke and in the subsidence of miniature smoke clouds in a gaseous atmosphere, and (2) the movement of the aerosol particles of a cloud from the gaseous boundary of the cloud into the cloud. It is concluded that: (1) An unexplained force probably attracts the aerosol particles in an aerosol cloud. (2) The observed, apparently paradoxical, behavior of the aerosol cloud is caused by an ordinary, diffusional exchange of gas molecules between the cloud and the adjacent gas. (Author)


Eight horizons of Early, Middle and Late Devonian cherts (Helle Kieselschieferserie) within the Bavarian Facies of the Frankenwald (North-East Bavaria) contained diverse and well-preserved radiolarian faunas. The exact stratigraphical position within the zone or even the subzone level of conodont biozonation was determined by conodonts obtained from interbedded shaly layers. The first occurrence of certainly Early Devonian (lower Emsian) radiolarians provided clear arguments against theories of a severe faunal change at the Early-Middle Devonian boundary. Well-preserved faunas of Late Devonian (Nehden to Dasberg stage, Famennian) age allowed existing zonations (Wo/oec/scus-assemblage zones) to be checked and calibrated within conodont stratigraphy. The systematic analysis led to the determination of 86 morphotypes; 35 of them are described in open nomenclature. Description of new taxa was limited to four clearly defined species (Archocyrtium effingi n.sp.; Cyrtisphaeractenium(?) fluegeli n.sp.; Holoeciscus elongatus n.sp.; Tetrentactinia spinulosa n.sp.).


Bone is the second most implanted tissue next to blood causing approximately 2.2 million people to receive bone grafts each year. Developing safe synthetic bone grafts allows quick and safe restoration of bone function while avoiding the surgical risks associated with bone autografting (self donation), and risks of disease transmission and immunogenic response associated with allografts (bone donated from other humans) and xenografts (grafts derived from animal tissue). This dissertation entails the study and development of a novel potential synthetic bone graft consisting of a composite of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CdHAP) biomimetically deposited in a bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel. To determine which conditions provided optimum cellulose growth from Gluconacetobacter hansenii (ATCC 10821), a statistical analysis of the effects of different culture parameters was carried out. This utilized fractional factorial design which allowed a large number of factors to be tested using an abbreviated set of experiments. Statistical software was also used to process the data to determine which factors and factor interactions were significant to bacterial cellulose production. Purified bacterial cellulose was mineralized by sequential incubations in solutions of calcium chloride followed by sodium phosphate dibasic. This material was characterized using XRay Diffractometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. Characterization revealed that the CdHAP formed biomimetically in the BC in a manner similar to natural bone. It was also determined that the CdHAP had comparable structure, size, and composition to that found in natural bone. An ideal bone replacement material will degrade after stimulating new osseous tissue production. A chemical modification of the cellulose was carried out with periodate oxidation to render it degradable in-vivo. The BC structure was preserved as well as its ability to mineralize


: Diabetes Mellitus (DM, Type I and II included) are prevalent metabolic disorders that cause high blood sugar levels over an extended period of time due to unhealthy lifestyle modifications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication that causes abnormalities in the retina to be seen as early as 10 years after the onset of DM or even earlier. The DR is main cause of visual impairment in patients with DM. Considering the limitations of standard treatments for DR there is a need for complementary medicine. Panchakarma has been documented to be effective in controlling DM. This article explores the role of diet and panchakarma in three different patients suffering with DR. The patients underwent eye assessment and evaluation of the various risk factors for DR followed by study therapy. The eye evaluations post study therapy show improvement in near vision and visual acuity in both eyes of the three patients described herein. In these patients, ophthalmoscopy confirmed that the exudates and haemorrhages were decreased post-treatment. We report no side effects or adverse events related to study therapy in the concerned patients. Hence, DR may be prevented by strict glycemic control and annual dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist. Therefore, we conclude positive effect of study therapy for DM patients with DR. Studies with larger sample size and follow up are warranted to generalize this finding.


In Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs), the equipment placed at the customer premises, i.e., the Optical Network Units (ONUs), has been shown to be responsible for almost 65% of the total EPON power consumption. Sleep mechanisms, implemented at ONUs' side, can contribute to the EPONs energy efficiency. However, the trade-off between energy saving and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements should be carefully tuned, especially when the downstream transmission is considered, in order to achieve the desirable results. In this paper, we exploit formal methods in order to build a holistic model representing both the state machine of the ONU in its details as well as the ONU's communication with the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) under EPONs specifications. The quantitative results of our analysis highlight the impact of the non-active periods on the aforementioned trade-off and shows how they can be configured in line with the network parameters.


The invention provides an energy consumption management method for an embedded system, implemented by dynamic power supply management support module, comprising: policy management module, idle detection module, and performance detection module, where the policy management module makes effective power supply management at system layer so as to implement system performance and power saving, and gives attention to idle state and executed load of system, and self-adaptively regulates equipment idle time according to system task executing state and makes the system enter a corresponding low-power state when the idle time continues to a certain extent; the idle detection module provides idle information of CPU and operating system and monitors the idle thread or activity of a given working load in the operating system and provides policy-making parameter information for the policy management module; and the performance detection module monitors CPU utilization ratio and utilization conditions of main memory and provides accurate executed load information for the policy management module.


The relationship between urban human dynamics and land use types has always been an important issue in the study of urban problems in China. This paper used location data from Sina Location Microblog (commonly known as Weibo) users to study the human dynamics of the spatial-temporal characteristics of gender differences in Beijing's Olympic Village in June 2014. We applied mathematical statistics and Local Moran's I to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of Sina Microblog users in 100 m × 100 m grids and land use patterns. The female users outnumbered male users, and the sex ratio ( S R varied under different land use types at different times. Female users outnumbered male users regarding residential land and public green land, but male users outnumbered female users regarding workplace, especially on weekends, as the S R on weekends ( S R was 120.5) was greater than that on weekdays ( S R was 118.8). After a Local Moran's I analysis, we found that High–High grids are primarily distributed across education and scientific research land and residential land; these grids and their surrounding grids have more female users than male users. Low–Low grids are mainly distributed across sports centers and workplaces on weekdays; these grids and their surrounding grids have fewer female users than male users. The average number of users on Saturday was the highest value and, on weekends, the number of female and male users both increased in commercial land, but male users were more active than female users ( S R was 110).


Introduction: The patients requiring support of mechanical ventilation to improve their pulmonary status often compromise with respiratory muscle strength; primarily diaphragm. Effects of Incentive spirometry (IS) in ventilatory muscle training for improvement of pulmonary functions have already been proved. To achieve same improvement; another technique called 'Diaphragmatic weight training' can be used, which is cost effective and easy to perform. But there is less evidence available for this technique. So the present pilot study aims to compare effects of diaphragmatic weight training versus Incentive spirometry in patients weaned from mechanical ventilation. Methodology: A pilot study conducted on 10 patients who were weaned from mechanical ventilation. Group A patients were trained for Diaphragmatic weight training and Group B were given Incentive spirometry. Outcome measures were pulmonary function tests (FVC, SVC and MVV) and ATS Dyspnoea scale. Result: The study reported no statistically significant difference in values of FVC, SVC and ATS dyspnoea scale between group A and group B. But statistical difference in values of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in group A and B is significant. Conclusion: The study concludes that the diaphragmatic weight training and Incentive spirometry were equally effective in improving FVC, SVC and dyspnoea in patients after weaning from mechanical ventilation. But


The selective recognition of the orthophosphate anion by a series of bifunctional Lewis acidic organotin compounds is investigated. The binding affinity of these carriers to anions, as measured by NMR titrations in CH2Cl2 obeyed the potentiometric selectivity order phosphate > sulfate > perchlorate, and provided the corresponding complex-formation constants. More accurate calculations of these values were obtained by the segmented-sandwich-membrane method performed directly inside the liquid polymeric membrane. These carriers were also studied potentiometrically in polymeric liquid membranes. The results indicate that (PhBr2Sn)2CH2 is 2 to 5 orders of magnitude more selective towards phosphate over other oxoanions. These results set the ground for the development of a new series of highly selective anions carriers with a wide range of possible applications.


PURPOSE: An SBD(Simultaneous Bi-Directional) buffer having a self test circuit with an input signal generating function and a self test method of the SBD buffer are provided to improve the performance test accuracy of the SBD buffer by generating an input signal on performing a self test. CONSTITUTION: An output driver(120) receives an output data and outputs it to an input/output node. An input receiver(140) receives input data and output data which are combined from the input/output node, and compares the signal with a predetermined reference voltage to output it. A first multiplexer(130) outputs the predetermined voltage in response to a reference voltage selecting signal. An input signal generating circuit(110) generates an input signal for a test in a test mode to output it as the input data.


The article shows that the quality of life of the population is closely related to the level of economic development (which clearly demonstrates the tendency to its subsidence during the crisis period). The growing interest in the topic of quality of life on the part of authorities, the scientific community and the population, its measurement, its connection with crisis phenomena and management determines its irreducible relevance. Crisis phenomena to a large extent "undermine" the quality of life of the population (especially its most vulnerable categories), creating not only "material holes" in its provision, but also depriving confidence in the future, initiating distrust of the political elite. They lead to outbursts of social discontent, "shake" the social system as a whole, including all spheres of human life. Knowing the laws governing the effects of crisis on the socio-economic structures of individual territories will allow us to quickly and timely provide some protection for the quality of life of the population in an unstable economic environment.


seed formation is a survival strategy of higher plants that protects the juvenile embryo from unfavorable conditions and facilitates the dispersion of offspring into a new habitat. Plant seeds do not only benefit the ecological fitness of reproduction, but also contribute to the staple foods for human nutrition and caloric intake. A typical seed consists of highly organized structure, including a differentiated embryo, a nourish endosperm, and a protective seed coat or testa, but the physiological characters of individual seed considerably vary among the plant species. In addition, the complex web of environmental and endogenous factors appears to affect the quality and quantity of seed production. The molecular mechanisms underlying seed formation have been uncovered by the recent studies using the model plant Arabidopsis. In this article, we trace the evolutional history of land plants that have acquired the abilities to create seed, and introduce the recent achievements of plant seed biology. Future perspectives to dissect the relevance between structure and function of plant seeds are also discussed by retrieving the past information of cytological studies.


"One yin ̂ and one yang d, constitute what is called Tao 51"; "When yin and yang are united in their virtue, the soft and the hard attain their physical shape." These famous statements are drawn from the "Appended Remarks" (Hsi-tz'u Slit?) of the / Ching %M.. Since they were uttered more than two thousand years ago, they became the metaphysical foundation for the two great philosophical schools of China, namely, Taoism and Confucianism. For both these schools, yin and yang, two contrasting but mutually compensating components constitute unity in harmony. We shall endeavor to give an historical account of this concept, describe it phenomenologically, and venture a philosophical assessment from cosmological, anthropological, as well as theological points of view.


Objective To observe the efficacy of artesunate-naphthoquine combination against falciparum raalaria. Methods each of 48 cases of falciparum malaria in group A were treated with total dosage of 200 mg artesunate plus 400 mg naphthoquine for 2 days, and each of 57 cases in group B were given total dosage of artesunate 300 mg and naphthoquine 600 mg for 3 days. Results The average fever clearance times in group A and B were (24. 8 ±5. 3) h and (27. 4± 6. 7) h; the asexual parasite clearance times were (31.4 ± 9. 9) h and (33. 6±10. 9) h, the cure rates for 28-day follow-up were 93. 7% and 94. 4%(P0. 05), respectively. Conclusion The atesunate-naphthoquine combination against falciparum malaria has the advantage of high efficacy and low side effects.


OBJECTIVE
Our objectives are to review the surgical procedures that have been performed for the treatment of transposition of the great vessels. Using MRI, we illustrate the normal postoperative findings and many of the long-term complications for each of the surgical procedures.

CONCLUSION
MRI is an extremely useful imaging method for evaluation of normal and abnormal findings after surgical repair of transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery.


S>The gas diffusion coefficient for He/sup 3/-- He/sup 4/ has been measured between 1.74 and 296 deg K, and for H/sub 2/--D/sub 2/ between 13.9 and 296 deg K. The diffusion bridge used to make the measurements is described. The experimental results are compared with viscosity measurements, and with classical and quantum-mechanical calculations based on the Lennard-Jones 12-6 and on the modified Buckingham exp-6 intermolecular potential fields. (auth)


Today, storage energy strategy can be considered as one of the important topics to overcome the production outages and electricity shortages. So, the present paper shows a novel power system equipped by storage system based on SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage). The SMES can stores energy without losses and can generates it based on demand/consumption or fluctuation of load/productions. The proposed SMES is charged using PV system, then the storage energy is injected into power system, the SMES control strategy is based on PI controller. However, the DC-DC boost is controlled by PID classical controller. Simulation has been carried out for different scenarios: variable irradiation, variable load. Obtained results show that the developed system operates perfectly during all scenarios (charging, standby, discharging), also the equality of consumption and generated power is always guarantee. Hence, SMES can improve the performances of power system under hard conditions.


Airway pressure was measured at a point near the mouth end of the endotracheal tube. Oesophageal pressure, changes of which represent changes of intra-pleural pressure, was recorded by means of an intra-oesophageal balloon at the end of a tube, 60cm long, with an internal diameter of 0.2cm. The balloon itself was 1.5cm long and there were holes cut in the tube so that the pressure changes were: faithfully recorded. The balloon was sited in the middle third of the oesophagus at the position which gave rise to the largest amplitude of pressure variation in response to respiration. The differential pressure between airway and oesophagus was recorded by means of a defocussing manoimeter11 whose output was used to drive a pen recorder (Newmark Instruments Ltd, Cardette). A 5Oml syringe (figure 1) was used for introducing known volumes of gas into the lungs. This syringe was mounted on a board and so arranged that at each 5ml point an electrical circuit wa:3 completed and a signal could be superimposed upon the pressure trace. The infants were premedicatled and anaesthetised in a similar manner to that described elsewhere12. The trachea was intubated with the largest size of latex, nylon reinforced., endotracheal tube that could be accommodated and the pharynx was packed. This precaution ensured that any leak was minimal. Measurements were made during apnoea produced by muscle relaxants. Those patients whose ventilation was controlled had


The ever changing world of work demands new educational approaches, such as a stronger action focus in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and in initial TVET teacher training. This publication, jointly published by UNESCO-UNEVOC and Capacity Building International (InWEnt), outlines the principles of action learning as a discipline and explores implications for this approach to teaching in TVET. It introduces action-theoretical models and provides an overview of selected action-learning teaching concepts.


Introduction Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is where facts and values meet: the evidence that is considered relevant to the assessment of a technology depends on the value framework used. In the context of the European project VALIDATE (Values in doing assessments of healthcare technologies), we assessed to what extent this interplay between facts and values is acknowledged in HTA reports on non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Our aim is to gain a better understanding of this fact-value relationship, and to contribute to the development of capacity for ethical analyses in HTA. Methods Five reviewers independently analyzed HTA reports on NIPT, obtained from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) HTA database, by answering a structured questionnaire on: (i) arguments, values, and conclusions; (ii) relations between values and collected evidence; (iii) operationalizations of the values involved. Ethical argumentation was analyzed using the method of specifying norms. This method holds that for general, abstract ethical principles to reach concrete cases, principles need to be specified in such a way as to achieve maximal coherence between different value commitments and practice. The results of the analysis were discussed in joint meetings to arrive at a consensus on interpretation. Results Our results show that the pivotal role of values in defining what counts as relevant evidence and why, is rarely acknowledged. The same holds for the importance of specifying values as a means to achieve greater coherence between the use of healthcare technologies and a range of values. Conclusions There is ample room for improvement in clarifying the role of values in HTA: they can serve to explain and justify what evidence is considered relevant to the assessment of a healthcare technology. Recognizing that abstract values need specification in order to reach concrete cases opens up new opportunities for exploring in what way values are affected by healthcare technologies.


Aim: knowing the origin of the outbreak of Leishmaniasis occurred in 2009-2014 in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (CAM) and publicizes the patterns of dis...


Seismic-volcanic signals are harder to locate than seismic-tectonic signals. The difficulty lies in the emergent waveform of seismic-volcanic signals. The alternative methods requires an exhaustive search over the volcano's volume in order to find the most likely epicenter. We present the algorithmic analysis of an accepted method to locate seismic-volcanic signals and the design of a parallel application that implements it. We demonstrated that the implementation scales linearly with the number of events and the number of nodes. From the experimental data, we developed a model to predict execution time with an accuracy of 90%. We discuss widely about model derivation and assumptions. In special, the practical advantages of using simple experimental models instead of complex ones, if the simpler one has high accuracy. In that case the the ignored factors are represented by the error model.


This study aims to make web-based academic information software and find out the quality of devices according to ISO 9126 includes Function ality Reliability, Portability , and Usability. This research is a type of Research and Development Research (R&D). The object of this research is a Web-based Vocational Academic Information System. This study uses the Waterfall development model with 5 stages of Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing, and Maintenance. The method used in the data is through Interviews and Questionnaires. Data analysis techniques that are Descriptive Analysis , while for software quality testing according to ISO 9126 standard uses 4 characteristics, namely Functionality, Reliability, Portability , and Usability. Instruments for test ing functionality using the Black Box Testing method, reliability using Webserver Stress Tool Software, portability using Browserstack Software, while for use using a complete questionnaire. The results of the functionality for sub-physical Accuracy and Conformity indicate a 100% feasibility level, for different system Security from Malware, Blacklisted Websites, Injected SPAM, Defacement, and SQL Injection, for the results of system reliability testing because the system can run well. both with 5 simultaneous users with an average time of 20 seconds with a success rate of 99.78%. At the beginning of portability, the feasibility rate is 100%, and in usability testing shows a feasibility rate of 84%. Keywords — Academic Information System, Functionality, Usability, Web, ISO 9126. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.2009427


In this paper we examine how individuals behave in situations of risk and uncertainty in public and private goods context. We find that subjects are willing to pay a much higher amount to find out information relating to the probabilities of providing the private good than information relating to the public good even if this information has greater consequences for the individual in he public goods context. We find strong support for the free-rider hypothesis and extend it to cases when risk and uncertainty are present. We find that subjects treat risks and uncertainties associated with the provision of private good and public good differently.


ABSTRACT Piezoelectric energy harvesters are capable of sensing mechanical vibrations and converting them into usable energy to empower low-power microsystems. In this work, a novel seesaw cantilever structure-based broadband piezoelectric energy harvester has been designed using both lead-based and lead-free piezoelectric material. It has been observed that along with its structure dimensions and piezo material properties, a harvester's load also determines its performance. An optimum load would yield maximum harvester power. The optimum value of a resistor generating peak power has been described in this work. The harvester is capable of producing a peak power of around 23 mW across a 0.14 MΩ load.


The competitive and physiological growth performance of seven pioneer species was evaluated in the nursery of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. In contrast to the single plant plots, each species, in the competition stands were arranged in hexagonal arrays with each individual seedling surrounded by 6 equidistant neighbors.


This paper examines the stability of mixed-strategy Nash equilibria of symmetric games, viewed as population profiles in dynamical systems with learning within a single, finite population. Alternative models of imitation and myopic best reply are considered and combined with different assumptions about the speed of adjustment. It is found that specific refinements of mixed Nash equi-libria serve to identify focal rest points of these dynamics in general games. The relationship between both concepts is studied. In the 2 × 2 case, both imitation and myopic best reply yield strong stability results for the same type of mixed Nash equilibria.


In July 2007, Gordon Brown spoke of the need to restore trust in government and to strengthen citizenship. Amongst the issues at stake were the powers of the executive over the Civil Service. A subsequent Act of Parliament included proposals to formalize the role of the Civil Service and required the publication of a code defining its core values. A particular way of governing civil servants was to serve wider governmental objectives, helping to renew politics and society. This chapter addresses the historical conditions of possibility of Brown?s scheme. We reflect critically on these developments, emphasizing tensions with the concern for business like and politically responsive administration in recent years and reviewing the fate of Brown?s scheme.


The M3O abstracts from the existing metadata standards and formats and provides generic modeling solutions for annotations, decompositions, and provenance of metadata. Being a generic modeling framework, the M3O aims at integrating the existing metadata standards and metadata formats rather than replacing them. This is in particular useful as today's multimedia applications often need to combine and use more than one existing metadata standard or metadata format at the same time. However, applying and specializing the abstract and powerful M3O modeling framework in concrete application domains and integrating it with existing metadata formats and metadata standards is not always straightforward. Thus, we have developed a step-by-step alignment method that describes how to integrate existing multimedia metadata standards and metadata formats with the M3O in order to use them in a concrete application. We demonstrate our alignment method by integrating seven different existing metadata standards and metadata formats with the M3O and describe the experiences made during the integration process.


Iron ore sinter is reduced only to the FeO stage until it reaches the thermal reserve zone of a blast furnace in ironmaking process. Therefore, it is pointed out the reducibility of the sinter has a great importance at temperatures higher than 1 273 K. In particular, since the melting of slag in the cohesive zone of the blast furnace decreases the pore ratio of the sinter and prevents the gaseous reduction, it is very important to promote the metallization ratio before the formation of the cohesive zone and to raise the softening temperature of the sinter. In the present work, the variation of temperature at which the melt formation begins with a fractional reduction is examined using three kinds of iron ore sinter and the effect of slag components on the melt formation is investigated. Carbon monoxide is generally used as a reducing gas in the study considering the reducibility of iron oxide in the blast furnace. On the other hand, the importance which considers the effect of H2 gas on the reducibility also increases from the viewpoint of the control of CO2 emission. In the present study, the reduction rate for each sinter is measured at 1 273 K using H2–CO2 mixtures and the effect of slag components on the reducibility of the sinter is also investigated.


As an effective means to improve the productivity of single well, radial water jet technology is widely used in low permeability reservoirs. In 2013, a well of Lusheng Company could not be put into production by conventional perforation, but through radial drilling technology, drilling 6 horizontal length boreholes of 50-70m in different directions of the reservoir, it can get normal production capacity. In order to make clear the law of hydraulic fracturing of unconsolidated sands, it makes a simulation of hydraulic fracturing after radial perforation of unconsolidated sands based on ANSYS, and draws the stress distribution of radial hole. Results shows that the cracking point is near the well in the radial hole fracturing of the unconventional sandstone. The results can provide some references for the further expansion of the reservoir.


This paper describes the evaluation of amount of heat from the semiconductor die, which is a boundary condition for Electro-Thermal Analysis to evaluate the micro scale hot spots in power SiC MOSFET. Electro-Thermal Analysis is a method for identifying the nano or micro scale hot spots of semiconductor devices. In our previous study, the adiabatic boundary condition between the semiconductor die and the mold resin was employed in the Electro-Thermal Analysis. However, it is necessary to discuss whether heat dissipation from the semiconductor die to the mold resin should be considered. In this study, we discuss the validity of the adiabatic boundary condition between the semiconductor die and the mold resin using CFD analysis.


This article focuses on a journey through the research career of Professor Manuel Alvar Ezquerra. His dedication to work, focused on lexicology and lexicography, has led to an extensive work in which he has always addressed with rigor his goals. The repertoires of diverse nature that he has elaborated are, undoubtedly, referents in the lexicographical production, for what he has been and continues to be essential for future research.


This paper describe a Stream Classification Adaptive Model (SCAM) technique for securing massive sensing information streams that meets multiple levels of confidentiality and integrity. This SCAM technique includes two vital concepts: common shared keys that area unit initialized and updated by D-SM while not requiring retransmission and a seam-less key stimulant method while not break off the data-stream encryption/decryption. Moreover, a replacement theme is planned to secure a big data sensor protocol through the employment of multiple unidirectional hash chains. The theme is shown to be lower in machine, power utilization. Also, communication prices area unit nevertheless still ready to secure Big Data Sensor communication model.


The objective of this investigation was to establish which factors contribute the most to sporting performance. A total of 198 athletes/players from different fields of sport were selected to participate in the research (88 males and 111 females). The coaches/trainers of the athletes/players were also involved in the project (10 males and 14 females). From a literature study, 22 factors which affect performance were chosen. A process of elimination was used to select a final nine factors, which, according to the candidates, contributed most to sporting performance: coach/trainer, motivation, setting objectives, self-confidence, interest, concentration, communication, ability and diet. Null-hypotheses were then formulated to determine the correlation between these nine factors and sports performance. In each case, the null-hypothesis could be rejected on the 1% level of significance, which implied that a positive correlation exist between the different factors and sporting performance. A systematic regression analysis was then undertaken to establish which of the factors measured in the questionnaire, represented the greatest proportion of variation in sporting performance. From the regression analysis it became clear that ability, self confidence, diet, coach/trainer, motivation and communication are the most significant variables related to sporting performance and account for approximately 49% of the variation in sporting performance. Keywords : sporting performance factors, regression analysis, variation in sporting performance South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 27(1) 2005: 49-58


This report describes an antigen‐specific proliferative assay which makes use of lymph node cells obtained from mice injected subcutaneously at the base of the tail one week previously. When lymphocytes from only the draining lymph nodes of mice immunized with a variety of different antigens, were stimulated in flat‐bottomed microculture plates with the immunizing antigen, a substantial degree of proliferation was observed, measured as incorporation of [3H]thymidine. Monovalent immunogen p‐azobenzenearsonate‐L‐tyrosine, (ABA‐Tyr, 500 daltons) which induces T cell responses in guinea pigs without antibody production, was studied in detail. In a typical experiment, ABA‐Tyr gave ∼ 17000 cpm while control cultures without antigen showed ∼ 1600 cpm. The response is antigen‐specific and seems to be mediated by T cells, since (a) it can be abolished by pretreatment of these cells with anti‐Thy‐1.2 serum and complement, (b) cells from nu/nu mice primed with ABA‐Tyr do not show any antigen‐induced proliferation, in contrast to the response observed in nu/+ and BALB/c controls, and (c) purified T cells require macrophages to proliferate, but neither macrophages nor B cells appear to divide in culture. Thus, this rapid and easy technique should prove useful for the in vitro study of murine T lymphocytes.


Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and an increased rate of premature mortality from CVD. Regular physical activity can improve overall health and wellbeing and plays an important role in primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and fitness (and their associations) in young individuals living with T1D and healthy controls. Primary outcomes included blood pressure, lipid profiles, and physical activity (accelerometry). We included a total of 48 individuals living with T1D and 19 healthy controls, aged 12 to 17 years. Statistical differences between groups were determined with chi-square, independent-samples t-tests or analysis of covariance. The associations between aerobic fitness, daily physical activity variables and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed with univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: In comparison to healthy controls, youth living with T1D showed higher levels of total cholesterol (4.03 ± 0.81 vs. 3.14 ± 0.67 mmol·L-1, p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (2.31 ± 0.72 vs. 1.74 ± 0.38 mmol·L-1, p = 0.035), and triglycerides (0.89 ± 0.31 vs. 0.60 ± 0.40 mmol·L-1 p = 0.012), and lower maximal oxygen power (VO2max) (35.48 ± 8.72 vs. 44.43 ± 8.29 mL·kg-1·min-1, p = 0.003), total physical activity counts (346.87 ± 101.97 vs. 451.01 ± 133.52 counts·min-1, p = 0.004), metabolic equivalents (METs) (2.09 ± 0.41 vs. 2.41 ± 0.60 METs, p = 0.033), moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and the percentage of time spent in MVPA. The level of HDL-C was positively associated with METs (β = 0.29, p = 0.030, model R2 = 0.17), and the level of triglycerides was negatively associated with physical activity counts (β = -0.001, p = 0.018, model R2 = 0.205) and METs (β = -0.359, p = 0.015, model R2 = 0.208) in persons living with T1D. Conclusions:Youth with T1D, despite their young age and short duration of diabetes, present early signs of CVD risk, as well as low physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to healthy controls. Regular physical activity is associated with a beneficial cardiovascular profile in T1D, including improvements in lipid profile. Thus, physical activity participation should be widely promoted in youth living with T1D.


Objective To observe the curative effect of Lacidophilin Vaginal Capsules combined with Estriol Cream on senile vaginitis( SV). Methods 90 patients with SV were selected and divided into observation group and control group at random. The patients in observation group were given 0. 5 mg of Estriol Cream topically once daily at night,and Lacidophilin Vaginal Capsules two capsules once daily at night for 2 weeks. The patients in control group were only given Estriol Cream with the same dose,usage and period of treatment as those of observation group. The clinical curative effect and safety profile,as well as the reoccurrence rates in the two groups were observed. Results After 2 weeks' treatment,the total clinical efficacy rate in observation group was 93. 33%, which was significantly higher than that in control group( 77. 78%)( χ2= 4. 41,P 0. 05). There were 3 cases of adverse reactions in observation group and 1 case in control group; the difference was not significant( χ2= 0. 26, P 0. 05) and the symptoms were mild. After 6 months' following-up,8( 19. 05%) and 14( 40. 00%) cases of reoccurrence were seen in observation group and control group,respectively,and the difference was significant( χ2= 4. 11,P 0. 05). Conclusion Lacidophilin Vaginal Capsules combined with Estriol Cream has reliable curative effect on SV,which can obviously improve the clinical symptoms and reduce the reoccurrence rate.


Different options contemplated by the negotiators of the Doha Development Agenda are assessed using the Computable General Equilibrium model MIRAGE, the MAcMap and GTAP databases, existing estimates of protection in the services sector as well as estimates of the administrative and transaction costs to be reduced by trade facilitation measures. In all scenarios (with the exception of "free trade"), we consider that the "G90" will not be requested to liberalise. Export subsidies in agriculture are completely eliminated, taking into account the 2013 deadline agreed in Hong Kong in December 2005, and domestic farm support is halved. When an average 36% linear cut in tariffs is implemented in the industrial and in the agricultural sectors (but with a reduction limited to 25% for sensitive products in the latter sector), we end up with a "Round for nothing". At the opposite of the spectrum, free trade in goods would lead to USD 232 bn welfare gains for the world economy (expressed in 2005 terms). There is however more to be gained, for the world economy, from a 25% cut of the barriers in services, than from a 70% tariff cut in agriculture in the North and a 50% cut in the South. On the top of this, a successful trade facilitation agenda would be equivalent to doubling official development aid to Sub-Saharan Africa countries after 2020. In the latter case, how to finance such program remains however a challenging issue.


A hot spot is a localized high temperature zone in a grain bulk and normally spoilage begins in this location. Acoustic temperature tomography for detecting a hot spot in grain bulk is investigated. The region monitored is assumed to be square and divided into 400 pixels. 16 sound sources/receivers are set on its periphery. An acoustic temperature field reconstruction algorithm based on inverse multiquadrics approximation and truncated singular value decomposition is proposed. Using this algorithm, 400 temperature field models with a hot spot positioned at the midpoint of each pixel in turn have been reconstructed from exact or perturbed time-of-flight data. Reconstruction results indicate that the algorithm proposed is good at reconstructing hot spot temperature, especially at reconstructing hot spot position. Thus it is expected to be used in detecting hot spots in grain bulk.


The flow patterns and stresses on the wall in a moving granular bed with eccentric discharge were investigated experimentally. The flow pattern histories of granular solids in the moving bed were recorded using a digital camcorder. The image processing system included a frame grabber. A new pressure gauge for simultaneously measuring the normal and shear stresses of granular solids was used. During filling the granular material, the variations in stresses acting on the side walls with time in a granular bed were observed. Also, the dynamic wall stresses were obtained during the eccentric discharge. Employing the results obtained by stress measurements and image processing, the pressure pulsation phenomena in a moving granular bed may be understood further.


MOBIlearn is a large European research project to develop a mobile learning system to facilitate formal, non formal and informal learning. The project has two primary objectives: • Develop a methodology for creating mobile learning scenarios and producing learning objects to implement them. • Develop the technology to deliver the learning objects to users via mobile computing devices. This paper will concentrate the MOBIlearn health care domain. One of this applications main objectives is managing and sharing of tacit knowledge. Using the system participants discuss case studies
and alternative approaches to specific problems are evaluated and documented. This is then used and extended in future case studies. In a mobile learning environment, individual health workers can use the system to either advanced their skills, or in a 'live' incident, use it for reference and indeed call for backup.


A program MVFT3D of large-eddy simulation is developed and performed to solve the multi compressible Navier- Stokes equations. The SGS dissipation and molecular viscosity dissipation have been analyzed, and the former is much larger than the later. Our test shows that the SGS dissipation of Vreman model is smaller than the Smagorinsky model. We mainly simulate the experiment of fluid instability of shock-accelerated interface by Poggi in this paper. The decay of the turbulent kinetic energy before the first reflected shock wave–mixing zone interaction and its strong enhancement by re-shocks are presented in our numerical simulations. The computational mixing zone width under double re-shock agreement well with the experiment, and the decaying law of the turbulent kinetic energy is consistent with Mohamed and Larue's investigation. Also, by using MVFT3D we give some simulation results of the inverse Chevron model from AWE. The numerical simulations presented in this paper allow us to characterize and better understand the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability induced turbulence, and the code MVFT3D is validated.


The asset-liability ratio of China's five major power groups is always the supervision focus of State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council(SASAC).The high asset-liability ratio of these five groups has attracted the special attention from the SASAC and other related departments,and it also stands in the way of their sustainable development.The paper analyzes the rising process of the asset-liability ratio of five major power groups,studies the causes for the rapid rise,and proposes the methods for controlling the asset-liability ratio,which will help to reduce the five major power groups' asset-liability ratio and financial risk.


Description Concrete Description From S. Chandrasekaran's Talk 20 Web Service Message Protocol SOAP  SOAP is an XML Messaging Protocol  that allows software running on disparate operating systems, running in different environments to make Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).


During the synthesis of a series of 1-amino- and 1,4-diamino-2-carbamoyl anthraquinones, several novel elimination and substitution reactions were observed. 2-Carbamoyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (I) and cyclohexylamine gave in addition to the expected 1-cyclohexylamino-analogue (II) 1-cyclohexylaminoanthraquinone (III), 1-amino-2-cyclohexylcarbamoylanthraquinone (IV)(suggesting the reducing action of cyclohexylamine), and 2-carbamoyl-1,4-biscyclohexylaminoanthraquinone (V), derived by direct nucleophilic substitution with displacement of hydride ion. With cyclohexylamine, 4-bromo-2-carbamoyl-1-cyclohexylaminoanthraquinone (VI) gave (V) and (III), and a little 4-amino-2-carbamoyl-1-cyclohexylaminoanthraquinone. The last-named was the main product from (VI) and ammonia, but some (III) was also formed by debromination and elimination of the carboxamide group. The interaction of 2-carboxy-1-nitroanthraquinone and cyclohexylamine gave (III) and some (IV).


NORE1 is an important tumour suppressor in human cancers that interacts with the pro-apoptotic protein kinase MST1/2 through SARAH domains. The SARAH domain (residues 366-413) of human NORE1 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystal diffracted to 2.7 Å resolution and belonged to space group P6(1)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 73.041, c = 66.092 Å, α = β = 90, γ = 120°.


The effectiveness of precollege and college achievement measures in predicting persistence for men and women in computer-related fields was examined. Persistence rates were similar for men and women in computer technology, electrical/computer engineering, and industrial engineering. However, fewer women than men persisted in computer science. Discriminant function analysis was conducted separately for men and women in each field and was equally effective for men and women in correctly classifying persisters and nonper-sisters (64–72%) in each field except computer technology where the classification rate was considerably lower for women (58%). GPA was generally the most important variable followed by a measure of math ability. High school science grades and number of semesters were often selected for the discriminant function for men, but not for women. The potential role of nonachievement factors in persistence such as peer and faculty support and expectancies are also discussed.


To reconcile conflicting reports on the role of CD40 signaling in germinal center (GC) formation, we examined the earliest stages of murine GC B cell differentiation. Peri-follicular GC precursors first expressed intermediate levels of BCL6 while co-expressing the transcription factors RelB and IRF4, the latter known to repress Bcl6 transcription. Transition of GC precursors to the BCL6hi follicular state was associated with cell division, although the number of required cell divisions was immunogen dose dependent. Potentiating T cell help or CD40 signaling in these GC precursors actively repressed GC B cell maturation and diverted their fate towards plasmablast differentiation, whereas depletion of CD4+ T cells promoted this initial transition. Thus while CD40 signaling in B cells is necessary to generate the immediate precursors of GC B cells, transition to the BCL6hi follicular state is promoted by a regional and transient diminution of T cell help. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19552.001


Gash claims that linking constructivist and mystical approaches may construe a mutual advantage ("synergy") - and hence contradicts von Glasersfeld's claim that both refer to different …


We prove a finiteness theorem for the first flat cohomology group of finite flat group schemes over integral normal proper varieties over finite fields. As a consequence, we can prove the invariance of the finiteness of the Tate-Shafarevich group of Abelian schemes over higher dimensional bases under isogenies and alterations over/of such bases for the p-part. Along the way, we generalize previous results on the Tate-Shafarevich group in this situation.


This paper discusses the problem of control constraint realization applied to generic under-actuated multibody systems. The conditions for the realization are presented. Focus is placed on the tangent realization of the control constraint. An alternative condition is formulated, based on the practical observation that Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE) need to be integrated using implicit algorithms, thus naturally leading to the solution of the problem in form of matrix pencil. The analogy with the representation of linear systems in Laplace's domain is also discussed. The formulation is applied to the solution of simple, yet illustrative problems, related to rigid and deformable bodies. Some implications of considering deformable continua are addressed.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Applying feminist theory,this thesis aims at dissecting the process of the protagonist Celie in Alice Walker's The Color Purple,her pursuit of woman subjective selfhood through the perspective of sisterhood.It discusses how Celie manages to get rid of the racial and sexual oppressions,and finally successfully grow from a woman who lacks of self identity to a woman with complete subjective selfhood consciousness under the influence of sisterhood from Sophia,Shug,and Nettie.


Objective To investigate the hand washing state and its influencing factors in patients undergoing infusion in outpatient clinic in order to adopt measures to enhance the patients' consciousness of hand hygiene. Methods 300 adult patients undergoing infusion in outpatient clinic were investigated.The bacteria condition before and after washing hands was observed. The condition and washing apparatus in the infusion room were also evaluated. Results The bacteria amount in the hands of patients undergoing infusion was 20 to 36 times higher than the standard level. The washing apparatus was simple and did not reach the standard requirement. Conclusion We should strengthen the propaganda of hand hygiene knowledge to patients undergoing infusion and improve their recognition of the importance of hand washing. The hospital should improve the washing facilities to reduce hospital infeciton.

Key words:
Infusion;  Patient;  Hand hygience;  Hospial infection


The present invention provides a system management method, each node corresponds to a processing object and treatment in a tree structure, the tree structure based on the operation of each node, thereby processing the processing object and the management, the management system with the registration of the processed generally corresponding to the node, or register the user operation with the function node of the processing corresponding to the function node as a child node should perform the general node to the function corresponding to the node of the processing target process corresponds to, to the general when node setting a parent node of the node for this function, for each registered user to said user operation setting registration authority, the aforementioned registered user node requesting an execution of the function corresponding to the aforementioned processing, where the only reason for the request as a function of the the registered user of the processing node of the parent node is generally set the node registered user operation Licenses, only to the feature node to perform the process.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Selectfluor, a source of the super electrophile F+, has replaced conventional reagents that supply F+ for fluorination due to its attractive physical and chemical properties. This study is the first report of using Selectfluor as a debenzylating reagent. Selectfluor has been found to effect regioselective O-benzyl acetolysis from the per-O-benzylated derivatives of glucose and mannose, which are among the most commonly occurring monosaccharides. For both derivatives, one equivalent of Selectfluor first cleaves the primary benzyl, while a second equivalent subsequently removes the anomeric benzyl. Regioselective removal at higher equivalents proved difficult, with complex mixtures being obtained. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions with good yields and high regioselectivity, resulting in quick access to partially benzylated monosaccharide derivatives. This study provides shortened access to attractive building blocks for oligosaccharide synthesis.


Observations are reported of the ringing of parallel magnetization in superfluid He when an incremental magnetic field parallel to a steady field is suddenly turned off.


The use of the relative ureide content of xylem sap l(ureide-N/total N) x 1001 as an indicator of N2 fixation in soybeans (Merr.) was examined under greenhouse conditions. Acetylene treatments to inhibit N2 fixation were imposed upon the root systems of plants totally dependent upon N2 fixation as their source ofN and of plants dependent upon both N2 fixation and uptake of exogenous nitrate. Significant decreases in the total N concentration of xylem sap from plants of the former type were observed, but no significant decrease was observed in the total N concentration of sap from the latter type of plants. In both types of plants, acetylene treatment caused significant decreases in the relative ureide content of xylem sap. The results provided further support for a link between the presence of ureides in the xylem and the occurrence of N2 fixation in soybeans. The relative ureide content of xylem sap from plants totally dependent upon N2 fixation was shown to be insensitive to changes in the exudation rate and total N concentration of xylem sap brought about by diurnal changes in environmental factors. There was little evidence of soybean cultivars or nodulating strains affecting the relative ureide content of xylem sap. 'Ransom' soybeans nodulated with Rhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 were grown under conditions to obtain plants exhibiting a wide range of dependency upon N2 fixation. The relative ureide content of xylem sap was shown to indicate reliably the N2 fixation of these plants during vegetative growth using a 1"N method to measure N2 fixation activity. The use of the relative ureide content of xylem sap for quantification of N2 fixation in soybeans should be evaluated further. Soybean plants acquire N from their environment by the uptake of nitrogenous compounds from the soil solution and by the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric N2 within their root nodules. Although several methods have been developed to estimate the contribution made by N2 fixation to the total N accumulation of soybean and other leguminous plants, a need still exists for a rapid, inexpensive, and quantitative method that will separate the contributions made by the uptake of soil and fertilizer N and the fixation of N2 in field-grown soybeans. ' Cooperative investigation of the United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, N. C. Paper No. 6418 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service at Raleigh. The results of this paper form part of the Ph.D. dissertation of P. R. M. The C2H2 reduction assay (6, 10, 22) provides a sensitive, relatively inexpensive, and simple method for measuring instantaneous nitrogenase activity. However, application of this method to the quantitative measurement of seasonal profiles ofN2 fixation in field situations has a number of shortcomings. The procedure underestimates N2 fixation due to the negative effect of root excision on C2H2 reduction (7, 18) and the difficulty in extracting all nodules from the soil, especially at later developmental stages when nodules may exist on lateral roots at some distance from the root crown. Overestimations arise when roots are extracted from the soil due to decreased resistance to gaseous diffusion (7) and when legume root nodules which evolve H2 under ambient conditions are assayed (23). Phillips and Bennett (21) suggested that the accuracy of the method can be improved by measuring both C2H2 reduction and H2 evolution at each sampling. However, frequent, if not continuous, sampling is mandatory because both C2H2 reduction (9, 25) and H2 evolution (2, 3) are affected by environmental factors. The observation of significant variation in the ratio of C2H2 reduced to N2 fixed among experiments with detached soybean nodules led Bergerson (1) to conclude that caution should be observed when applying C2H2 reduction measurements to the quantification of N2 fixation and that the method is best suited for qualitative comparisons of nitrogen-fixing systems. The most precise methods for quantitatively determining N2 fixation involve using '5N-labeled N2 or nitrate and ammonium ions in culture media free of other N. The use of "5N-labeled N2 is not practical on a field plot scale and, although the addition of labeled nitrate or ammonium to a field soil gives valid estimates of fertilizer-derived N, it does not separate the symbiotically fixed and soil-derived N. The "5N A-value technique proposed by Fried and Broeshart (8) has received attention as a method which will separate the contributions made by soil, fertilizer, and symbiotic fixation to the N input of field-grown leguminous plants (5, 21). The method involves applying different levels of ' N-labeled fertilizer to nodulating and non-nodulating isolines of leguminous plants. The method assumes that the relative amounts of soil-derived N and fertilizer-derived N are the same in the tissue of both isolines. If the geometry or extensiveness of the root systems of the two isolines were not similar and, as a consequence, one isoline exploited relatively more of the soil N which was devoid of labeled N, this assumption would not be valid. To our knowledge, tests of the assumption, under field or lysimeter conditions, have not been conducted. Although the '5N techniques provide the most precise quantitative determinations of N2 fixation, the costs of obtaining a mass 720 www.plantphysiol.org on April 30, 2019 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 1980 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. UREIDES AS AN INDICATOR OF N2 FIXATION spectrometer for isotope ratio analysis or of paying for isotope ratio analysis may be prohibitive to some investigators. Therefore, the availability of a less expensive method with similar precision would be desirable. The occurrence of the ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, as dominant nitrogenous compounds in the xylem sap of nodulated soybeans (11, 12, 15, 16, 26) has led to the hypothesis that the relative ureide content of soybean xylem sap may be a useful indicator of the contribution made by N2 fixation to the N input of the soybean plant. The investigation reported here was undertaken to examine more closely the relationship between N2 fixation and the relative ureide content of soybean xylem sap and to calibrate the relative content of xylem sap with the relative contribution of N2 fixation to the total N input of greenhouse-grown soybean plants as measured by a '5N tracer method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment 1: C2H2 Inhibition of N2 Fixation. Soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr., 'Davis') were grown in an unshaded greenhouse for 52 days from late January to mid-March, 1979. Metal halide lamps (400 t,E m 2 S-1 PAR at bench-level) were used daily to supplement natural sunlight between 06:00 and 18:00 h. Photoperiods were extended to 24:00 h with incandescent bulbs to delay flowering. Seeds were germinated for 72 h between germination papers saturated with 0.5 mm CaSO4 in a chamber maintained at 30 C and 90Y% RH. After their roots were dipped into a suspension of freshly cultured Rhizobium japonicum cells (strain USDA 110), seedlings were transplanted into 25.4-cm diameter pots (three/ pot) containing Perlite mixed with approximately 250 ml crushed oyster shells. Plants were thinned to one/pot 22 days after transplanting. For the first 9 days, each pot received 250 ml of a basal, N-free nutrient solution (16) twice daily. After day 9, the pots were flushed with tap water twice daily (09:00 and 15:00 h) and nutrient solution (400 ml) was applied after the second flushing. Until day 36, all plants received the N-free nutrient solution. After day 36, one group of plants received daily applications of a modified nutrient solution containing 20 mm KNO3, and the remaining plants received a modified N-free solution containing 10 mm K2SO4 to equalize the K+ concentration to that of the KNO3 solution. These treatments were imposed to obtain two types of plants: (a) plants totally dependent upon N2 fixation, and (b) plants dependent upon both N2 fixation and the uptake of exogenous nitrate. C2H2 treatments were imposed on 52-day-old plants to inhibit N2 fixation. The pots containing the root systems of intact plants were sealed in Saran bags which were fitted with perforated plastic tubes that served as inlet and outlet ports. The tubes were embedded 7 to 10 cm below the surface of the Perlite. The sealed pots were placed in a water bath at approximately 28 C. The experiment was conducted between 07:00 and 19:00 h in an unshaded greenhouse supplemented with metal halide lamps (400 t,E m-2 s-' PAR at bench-level). Approximately 1000 ml C2H2 were added to each sealed system for three replicate plants ofeach N treatment (six experimental units). The sealed systems were connected to circulating pumps (approximate flow rate, 3 liters/min), and the air in each system was mixed for 20 min. The plants were exposed to C2H2 for two adjacent 5.5-h periods. These periods were separated by about 30 to 45 min, during which the pots were degassed for 20 min, and fresh C2H2 was added for the second exposure period. Immediately following the initial 20-min mixing period and preceding the gas change at 5.5 h, gas samples were removed and measured for C2H2 with a Carle 311 H gas chromatograph4 4Mention of tradenames, commercial products, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture or the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. equipped with a flame ionization detector and a column of Porapak N (182 x 0.32 cm). The average C2H2 concentration was 0.10 + 0.03 atm. Three replicate plants of each N treatment were sealed in the same manner as the treated plants to serve as controls. Mixi


Propylene copolymer having (a) a flow rate MFR2 melt (230 ° C) measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of more than 0.8 to less than 2.5 g / 10 min, (b) a content of cold xylene solubles (XCS) determined according to ISO 16152 (25) standard in the range of 25.0 to 35.0% by weight, and (c) a comonomer content in the range of more than 4.5 to 10.0 wt%, wherein further (d) comonomer content of xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS) of the propylene copolymer is in the range of 12.0 to 22.0% by weight, and ( e) the intrinsic viscosity (determined VI) according to DIN ISO 1628/1 standard (in decalin at 135C) of the xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS) of the propylene copolymer is in the range of more than 1.5 to less than 3.0 dl / g.


Abstract:When analyzed in the context of the play as a whole, the fifth choral ode of Seneca's Oedipus emerges as a summation of the Senecan dystopia. The purpose of its Stoic language is to underscore the difference between Stoicism's rational and optimistic cosmology and the universe to which humanity and divinity alike are consigned - a universe presided over by a sadistic and arbitrary Fate.


Human beings come to the World by the innate capacity of learning and using the language in the society they were born. Learning any language is the most important gift given by the God to the human beings. Any child should have some difficulties or hard experience in the process of acquiring his / her mother tongue. Therefore, it is inevitable for a child to make some mistakes in the acquisition process. Content and the function words in any language are the language elements exposed to be discussed. Less is known about differences in how content and function words are produced. Therefore, it is highly important to analyze the situation of the children's use of the content and function words in the process of their language use. The purpose of this research is to analyze the content & function words the preschoolers use in acquiring their native language, Turkish. As it is a longitudinal study Qualitative research method was used to collect the study data. The aim is to reveal to what rate and to what extend the children use content & function words most during their free time activities, language activities, nature and science activities, and drama activities etc. 76 children participated in the research. 33 of them were female and the 43 of them were male. The participants were 5 and 6 years old. They are still dwelling in Konya and Manisa the districts of Turkey. The findings were classified under linguistics categories as nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronoun, prepositions, prefix, suffix and affixes etc. In this research, 5-year-old preschoolers used 30 percent of the language units in the CONTENT words frame while 6-year-old preschoolers used 70 percent of the language units in the FUNCTION words frame. Males used 54 percent and female used 46 percent of the NOUNS including common, proper noun, abstract, concrete, singular and Psychology - Medicine - Education Science and Education, 2020, Issue 2 65 plural nouns. 5-year-old preschoolers used 27 percent of the VERBS while 6-year-old preschoolers used 73 percent of them CONTENT words. In this research, males used 58 percent and female used 42 percent of the ADJECTIVES in CONTENT words. In this research, males used 47 percent and female used 53 percent of the PRONOUNS including personal, denotative, interrogative and transformative pronouns in FUNCTION words. 5-year-old preschoolers used 25 percent of the ADVERBS while 6-year-old preschoolers used 75 percent of the ADVERBS in CONTENT words. In this research, males used 30 percent and female used 70 percent of the PREPOSITIONS including in FUNCTION words. Males used 48 percent and female used 52 percent of the CONJUCTIONS in FUNCTION words. Males used 35 percent and female used 65 percent of the GERUNDS in CONTENT words. 5-year-old preschoolers used 30 percent of the STRUCTURE OF VERBS while 6-year-old preschoolers used 70 percent of the STRUCTURE OF VERBS comprising transitive, intransitive, causative, active, passive and transformative structures in CONTENT words. Males used 48 percent and female used 52 percent of the INFLACTIONALS in FUNCTION words. As a last remark, some recommendations will be made to the teachers and the parents of the preschoolers about the descriptive result of the study.


The principles of tort liability apply generally, whether the case is one of design, maintenance, or construction. All case principles are, therefore, applicable and lessons may be learned from nonconstruction zone cases. In another sense, however, construction zones present special problems in that they are at variance with the motorist's normal expectations. Thus, adequate warning devices and barrier safeguards are required. The question of adequacy in tort law discussion usually takes place in the negative, which further complicates the subject. That is to say, most of the cases discuss what is not adequate; what is adequate remains a vague item in terms of legal discussion. In light of this, this paper discusses some general principles, some considerations involving federal regulations or programs, and some recent cases that provide first-hand knowledge of judicial treatment of the topic at hand. /Author/


Abstract : The main objective of the compilation is to provide a simple and fast access to information on the subject of thermal testing and also to provide sufficient information in the form of abstracts and word descriptors to make the listing useful.


Abstract : The purpose of this study was to evaluate from the perspective of group behavior the reorganization of Strategic Air Command, Civil Engineering Operations Branches into maintenance work groups. The study had three basic objectives: 1) Evaluate the validity and the reliability of the survey instrument used in the study; 2) Evaluate the usefulness of a theoretical group behavior model as a group behavior measurement tool; and 3) Compare the job related attitudes, group characteristics, group processes, and perceived group effectiveness within a reorganized Operations Branch to the job related attitudes, group characteristics, group processes, and perceived group effectiveness within a non-reorganized Operations Branch. The study resulted in the validation of the survey instrument and verification that the theoretical group behavior model could be used as a group behavior measurement tool in the field. (Theses)


It is a research of descriptive-exploratory type, which was developed with 24 nursing workers from an ICU. The objective was to identify which are the factors that make difficult to use hard technologies during nursing work process in ICU. The data was collected through group dynamics and were analyzed qualitatively. The results demonstrated that: obsolete equipment, lack of equipment maintenance, lack of prepare of the workers to manipulate the equipment are some of the factors that make it difficult the use of hard technology.


Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) is the most common mechanical assist device used for the treatment of low cardiac output in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Despite recent advancement in cardiac surgery the overall mortality in patients receiving perioperative IABP remains high. In most cases the patient has poor Left ventricular (LV) function, diastolic dysfunction, recent myocardial infarction with septal rupture, heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock receiving an IABP counterpulsation support. Unfortunately patients with preserved LV function may also require IABP support to wean from cardio pulmonary bypass due to post-surgical myocardial dysfunction. This hospital-based prospective observational study evaluated 60 patients, who underwent CABG, divided into two groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 56.93± 7.666 in Group A compared to 41.50± 6.735 in Group B. When compared with the corresponding preoperative ejection fraction both the group found to have improved ejection fraction among the survivors at three months. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter and end systolic diameter was also found improved in both the groups (53.15± 3.231mm vs 59.47± 4.200mm and 41.52± 2.847mm vs 44.47± 3.636mm respectively). No significant difference was observed in terms of 30days mortality and postoperative outcome. Given its survival benefit, surgeons must use IABP in a pre-planned way. Here by we recommend that the use of risk prediction score for patient undergoing coronary revascularization surgery is useful. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2017; 32(2) : 94-99


In this paper the instability (fingering) phenomenon in a double phase immiscible (oil and water) flow through the homogeneous porous medium with mean capillary pressure in the vertical downward direction is discussed. The mathematical formulation of this problem yields a nonlinear partial differential equation and the generalised separable solution is given in the exponential form. The numerical solution and graphical presentation is given using MAT LAB coding.


OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Estradiol benzoate ointment combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of female menopausal syndrome.METHODS:62 female patients suffering from menopausal syndrome,from Mar.2011 to May 2012,were divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group received the treatment of Estradiol benzoate ointment combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride while the control group received conventional oral Estradiolvalerate tablet.Clinical efficacies and safeties of 2 groups were observed and compared.RESULTS:After 2 months of treatment,the 11 items of Kupperman scores in 2 groups decreased significantly(P0.05),but the decline degree showed no significant difference between 2 groups(P0.05).Hamilton depression rating of experimental group decreased significantly and its decline degree was larger than that of control group(P0.05).During the treatment,the incidence of adverse drug reaction in experimental group was lower than in control group(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Estradiol benzoate ointment combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride can alleviate menopausal syndrome and treat depression effectively.In addition,it has fewer side effects.


The principle, functions, composition and application of FPGA for on-board 3G communication system are explained. Emphasis is put on the realization of dual port RAM with signal lamp by FPGA and on the VHDL program design of universal asynchronous serial communication controller. The simulation waveform is given.


The mechanism method, which is based on the assumption that stone arches fail by forming pin joints, is certainly very suitable for the evaluation of safety of stone and masonry arch bridges. Several studies have been done to analyse the limit behaviour under dead plus variable loads. In this paper the method is applied to arch bridges subject to horizontal acceleration by removing the most limiting hypothesis, i.e., the infinite compression strength of the material. This is supposed to have a rigid-perfect plastic behaviour in compression and no tension strength. A numerical investigation was carried out, which allowed pointing out the main aspect of the structural behaviour and the influence of the various parameters on the horizontal acceleration for which the structure is turned into a mechanism.


The end of the 20th century was characterized by quick and deep changes, impacting social life and bringing new guidelines for higher education. In a globalized and education based society cooperation between universities and the productive sector is an ever growing needed task. Universities find themselves under pressure with a variety of possible futures. There is a combination of forces and processes, coming from different sources that have been impacting the university dynamics.


. Void swelling and radiation-induced segregation have been measured in 304 stainless steel. Samples were irradiated in the outer regions of the EBR-11reactor where displacement rates of 2.OX10-8and 6.6 xl 0-8dpds are comparable to those in pressurized water reactor components. Samples were inadiated at temperatures from 371-390°C to total doses of up to 20 dpa. Void swelling reached a maximum of 2 0/0 at 20 dpa. Nickel enrichment and chromium dep~etion of up to of 20 at% and 12 atO/Orespectively were measured. Both void swelling and radiation-induced segregation were dependent on dose rate, increasing as the dose rate decreased. Grain boundary compositions were measured both near and in areas free of precipitates. The presence of a precipitate significantly changes the grain boundary compositions near the precipitate.


A survey was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of actual practice policies followed by academically affiliated institutions regarding the use of prophylactic antibiotics during transesophageal echocardiography. Results revealed that 10 of the 20 centers routinely used intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis for high risk transesophageal echocardiography. However, 5 of the 20 centers did not use any prophylactic antibiotics routinely, and the remaining 5 centers used primarily oral prophylactic regimens. In addition, the type of patient that was considered high risk for which antibiotic prophylaxis was used differed among institutions. Practice guidelines in 4 of the 20 institutions have changed in the last 5 years. These findings demonstrate a wide variation in the actual practice policies of different institutions, probably reflecting, in part, the lack of convincing evidence that prophylactic antibiotics benefit this subgroup of patients.


[Extract] The production of knowledge and the process of research are being radically transformed and these changes can directly affect the ways in which many doctoral candidates undertake their research. The old paradigm of knowledge discovery (Mode 1) circumscribed by disciplinary research and driven by the autonomy of researchers and their host institutions, the universities, is being superseded-but not replaced-by a new paradigm of knowledge production (Mode 2). Mode 2 research is done by teams of researchers who typically have different disciplinary backgrounds, theoretical perspectives, and skills. They assemble to work on a real-world problem in the context of its application: necessitating much closer links between the researchers and the users of the research. Researchers are brought together to form a team to address a problem. This team may be a virtual team, the members of which communicate electronically. The team dissolves when its work is finished only to be re-configured in a different constellation for another task (see Gibbons et al., 1994). Doctoral training in Australia is changing to reflect this transformation in knowledge production and the expectation that a relatively low proportion of graduates will spend their entire careers as academics in universities and will need to operate effectively in Mode 2 environments.


Monte Carlo methods offer the potential to provide an accurate correction for scatter and detector effects, especially when imaging isotopes that emit multiple photons, or dual-isotopes. Recently, a group at Utrecht University has developed some promising acceleration techniques by combining scatter maps with convolution-based forced detection. We extend their work in four ways: using the Delta Scattering technique to rapidly determine photon interaction points, simulating scatter maps for many energy bins to improve accuracy, decoupling the simulation of the object and the detector using point spread functions which include all detector effects, and including coherent scattering in addition to photoelectric effect and Compton scattering when simulating photon interactions. We store point spread functions as multi-dimensional arrays to improve speed and accuracy. A software package was developed and validated in a torso phantom experiment. Three spheres filled with /sup 111/In were placed in the non-uniformly attenuating phantom. CT and SPECT scans were acquired and spatially registered. A good agreement between experimental and simulated profiles was found for four energy windows (50-95, 81-104, 147-195, 212-278 keV). For the two low energy windows, primary photons contribution can be modeled correctly only if the PSF includes all detector effects. A triple-energy window method overestimated scatter profiles compared to the Monte Carlo simulated scatter.


The paper presents the results from a study in coll aboration with an airline that looked at modeling the relationship of maintenance and fuel burn costs relative to minimizing the life cycle cost relative to schedule. The work has verified that the bucket theory presented in the paper is a correct and has a direct impact on t he scheduling interval. Ultimately, it was found that the maintenance schedule at the collabor ating company was overly long and could be reduced by 15-20%, to reduce total costs i n the longer term. The Genetic-Causal Approach was used in the cost modelling process and incorporated into the Value Operations Methodology. Consequently, the generic relevance of both these theories has been validated through the work presented. I. Introduction HE paper will present a value analysis approach as applied to the scheduling of maintenance for aircra ft engines. The work was carried out in collaboration with a collaborating airline and is of high impact in that it includes the coupling of the cost of fuel-burn as w ell as the cost of maintenance cost in investigatin g how to minimize airline Direct Operating Cost. At a more g eneric level, the paper gives insight in the develo pment and application of the Value Operations Methodology (VOM) that can be used to support a Value Driven Engin eering (VDE) approach.


Binary maximum distance separable (MDS) array codes are widely used in storage systems. EVENODD code and row-diagonal parity (RDP) code are two well-known binary MDS array codes with two parity columns. The Blaum-Bruck-Vardy (BBV) code is an extension of the double-erasure-correcting EVENODD code. It is known that the BBV code is always MDS for three parity columns, and sufficient conditions for up to eight parity columns to be MDS are also known. However, the MDS condition for more than eight parity columns is an open problem since then. In this letter, we study the MDS condition of BBV code and give a sufficient MDS condition of the BBV code with more than eight parity columns.