Methods: A drug utilization study was carried out in a paediatric outpatient setting in northern India for period of 4 months, on a pilot basis. The study is continuing. The prescriptions of children up to 18 years approaching the clinic were studied and the data was captured from the "Wisekid" software. The data was analysed to determine WHO recommended prescribing indicators and three complementary indicators for cost. Results: The data were collected from 436 prescriptions and it was found that upper respiratory tract illness is the most common illness (31%). The average number of drugs prescribed was 3.2±0.06, while drugs prescribed by generic name were 3.8%. Percentage of encounter with injection and antimicrobials prescribed were found to be 0.9% and 18% respectively. The prescribing from National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM-2011) was found to be 39.6%. The median cost of drug per encounter was INR132, while cost spent on injection and antimicrobials were 0.3% and 7%, respectively. Conclusion: The prescribing pattern in private paediatric outpatient setting were found to be rational as less number of antimicrobial drugs and injections were use in the practice. A very fair number of medicines were prescribed from the National List of Essential medicine (NLEM-2011).


Inadequate health literacy is an important barrier to self-‐care, having been linked to various poor self-‐care behaviors and health outcomes. Low levels of health literacy likely compromise self-‐care by impacting patients' ability to comprehend health-‐related texts that could otherwise inform self-‐care behavior. Chronically ill older adults, who are the individuals who most need self-‐care information, are also those less likely to have the literacy skills and cognitive resources required to comprehend health texts. A valuable strategy for supporting comprehension is to present materials in a multimedia format, and here we focus on supplementing health texts with picture. While much is known about how younger BLOCKIN BLOCKIN adults BLOCKIN BLOCKIN benefit BLOCKIN BLOCKIN from BLOCKIN BLOCKIN multimedia BLOCKIN BLOCKIN formatting, BLOCKIN BLOCKIN significantly BLOCKIN BLOCKIN less BLOCKIN BLOCKIN is BLOCKIN BLOCKIN known BLOCKIN BLOCKIN about BLOCKIN BLOCKIN how older adults' text comprehension processes are impacted by the presence of pictures, especially with regard to health-‐related materials. In this study, we studied how hypertensive older adults understood multimedia (text and picture) displays of hypertension-‐related BLOCKIN


The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of English self-regulated learning and grit on the use of ChatGPT by English major college students. To this end, an online survey was conducted on 58 students enrolled in English major at a university in Chungcheongnam-do. Participants performed tasks using ChatGPT before the midterm exam and the tasks without using ChatGPT after the midterm exam for one semester. As a result of the study, English self-regulated learning's goal setting, time management, self-evaluation, and task strategy were increased when English major students used ChatGPT for completing the tasks. In addition, the group with high a persistent effect showed an increase in English self-regulated learning's time management and task strategy. Based on the result, it is necessary to enhance the self-regulated learning skills when desinging a curriculum using multimedia such as ChatGPT.


Introdution Kidney transplantation (KT) is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. After KT, the graft may not function immediately and the patient needs to undergo dialysis, characterizing delayed graft function (DGF). DGF increases length of hospital stay, costs and reduces graft survival. The incidence of DGF is higher in expanded criteria donor (ECD), prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT) and donors with renal dysfunction. There are two methods of renal preservation: the traditional, cold storage (CS) and machine perfusion (MP). MP is a high-cost technology, restricted to few hospitals and studies showed that it reduces the incidence of DGF. Objectives Analyze the incidence of DGF, its duration, CIT, length of hospital stay, graft and patient survival one year after transplantation and renal function estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in patients transplanted with CS kidneys compared to MP after CS. Methods: This study was retrospective cohort, in a single center. We included transplants from DCE or standard deceased donors if CIT ≥ 24 hours, cardiorespiratory arrest before donation or creatinine ≥1.8mg/dL prior to retrieval from January 2015 to December 2016 with 1 year follow up. Results Sample was 92 patients, 52 transplanted with kidneys in MP. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups except for age of recipient that was higher in the MP group, p=0.03 and donor creatinine prior to retrieval which was 0.7mg/dL higher in the CS group, p=0.01. The incidence of DGF was 86.5% in the MP group and 95% in the CS group, p=0.29. There was no difference in DGF duration between groups. The MP patients remained 7 days less hospitalized than the patients in CS, p = 0.15. CIT was 8.19 hours higher in the MP group, p<0.01. CIT of kidneys in MP was 13.63 hours. Graft survival was 90.4% in the MP group and 87.5% in the CS patients, p = 0.69. Patient survival was 94.2% in the MP group and 95% in the PE group, p = 0.86. There were no differences in creatinine clearances at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. One year after transplantation, 89.6% of MP patients and 66.7% of CS group had creatinine clearance higher than 30mL/min/1.73m2, p=0.01. In the multivariate analysis, risk factors for worse graft function at 1 year were: donor age (OR 1.11 CI95% 1.01-1.22; p=0,03) and CS preservation (OR 6.52 CI 95% 1.46-29.08; p=0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of DGF was high and there were no statistical differences between the groups. The higher CIT in the MP group did not increase incidence of DGF. Patients in the MP group were hospitalized 7 days less than the CS group, although there was no statistical difference. Patient and graft survival were high one year after KT, no differences between groups. MP showed better graft function one year after KT. Table. No title available. Table. No title available. Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available.


A Genetic Algorithm for solving the optimal capacitor placement problem in radial distribution is presented. Is a non linear integer mixed problem (NLIMP). The algorithm obtains the placement points, types and sizes of the capacitor banks and the control scheme.


Objective:To preliminary research extract preparation and the quality control of Qianliening enteric-coated capsule.Method:Precipitation was used to the preparation and the mass identification was by TLC method.Results:The preparation was stabile and the TLC spots developed were fairly clear.Conclusion:The method is simple,reliable,and can be used to control the quality of Qianliening enteric-coated capsule effectively.


The polarized electron source at the Mainz microtron has improved its performance in every parameter during the last year. Run times have been performed with simultaneously 20 Mikroamps of beam current and more than 80% of polarization. We demonstrate that the limited beam-current lifetime product is due to a transmission loss of about several 10−4. The loss can be minimized by the usage of photocathodes with only partially photosensitive surface, thus resulting in a nearly one order of magnitude higher beam-current lifetime product.


This paper presents the relationship between the factors of the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements. These have established the internal coupling model and the external coupling model among the factors of the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements. As revealed in the process of the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements, there is a mutual influence between the factors. The actual data is used to simulate the internal coupling and the coupling between the factors of the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements. The results show that the degree of the internal coupling and the coupling between the factors changes from coupling dissonance to a coordination state, indicating that the coupling of the factors of the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements are enhanced. Results are presented the degree of internal coupling and coupling coordination of each factor basically changed from coupling dissonance to coordination state, indicating that the coupling of the elements in the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements is synergistic. In conclusion, attention was drawn to strengthen the interaction between the subject of the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements, integrate the industrialization resources of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements, improve the environment for the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements, and improve the management system for the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements, which can promote the development of the industrialization of oil and gas scientific and technological achievements.


Abstract The specific electric conductivity of the molten solt systems HgI2-BiI3 and BiI3-CdI2 was studied in the temperature range 660 -840 K. BiI3 exhibits a negative temperature coefficient of the conductivity within part of this temperature range and HgI2 within the entire range. The specific conductivity of the HgI2-BiI3 system shows negative deviations from additivity for the HgI2-rich mixtures and positive ones for the BiI3-rich mixtures. In the BiI3-CdI2 system positive deviations are encountered throughout the whole composition and temperature range investigated. An in crease in temperature improves the additivity in both systems.


: Overdischarge often occurs during the use of battery packs, owing to cell inconsistency in the pack. In this study, the overdischarge behavior of 2.9 Ah cylindrical NCM811 [Li(Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 )O 2 ] batteries in an adiabatic environment was investigated. A higher overdischarge rate resulted in a faster temperature increase in the batteries. Moreover, the following temperatures increased: T u , at which the voltage decreased to 0 V; T i , at which the current decreased to 0 A; and the maximum temperature during the battery overdischarge (T m ). The following times decreased: t u , when the voltage decreased from 3 to 0 V, and t i , when the current decreased to 0 A. The discharge capacity of the batteries was 3.06–3.14 Ah, and the maximum discharge depth of the batteries was 105.51–108.27%. Additionally, the characteristic overdischarge behavior of the batteries in a high-temperature environment (55 ◦ C) was investigated. At high temperatures, the safety during overdischarging decreased, and the amount of energy released during the overdischarge phase and short-circuiting decreased significantly. Shallow overdischarging did not significantly a ff ect the battery capacity recovery. None of the overdischarging cases caused fires, explosions, or thermal runaway in the batteries. The NCM811 batteries achieved good safety performance under overdischarge conditions: hence, they are valuable references for battery safety research.


The introduction of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in road traffic raises many complex questions. One of them is to what extent current legal frameworks are fit to accommodate the market introduction of ADAS and on which points they need to be amended to adequately facilitate the smooth implementation of ADAS. This paper is focusing on vehicle safety regulation. The ratio behind this type of regulation is that governments want to assure some minimum levels of safety of vehicles and included equipment. However, in areas of innovative, rapidly developing technologies such as ADAS formal regulation is often criticized for being too slow and to inflexible, obstructing technological developments. In this paper the current European regulatory framework is analysed. It is concluded that the speed of technological developments as well as the innovative and specific nature of ADAS technology call for modifications in the legal framework in order to keep a desired balance between governmental safety concerns and unobstructed development of ADAS.


The study aims to rate how mothers' beliefs about their child's personality and development progress through a counseling program. 46 mothers take part to this study and were strictly matched on their educational level, their child's age, gender and disability. 23 mothers in the experimental group have received the program based on the socio-cognitive conflict. The results have shown that the program enhance positive beliefs concerning the child's personality and development and mothers' self-efficacy beliefs.


We prove necessary optimality conditions of Euler-Lagrange type for a problem of the calculus of variations with time delays, where the delay in the unknown function is different from the delay in its derivative. Then, a more general optimal control problem with time delays is considered. Main result gives a convergence theorem, allowing us to obtain a solution to the delayed optimal control problem by considering a sequence of delayed problems of the calculus of variations.


Copyright © 2017 J. Michael Ryan Publishing, Inc. https://doi.org/10.12678/1089-313X.21.4.193 Steinberg N, Adams R, Waddington G, Karin J, Tirosh O. Is there a correlation between static and dynamic postural balance among young male and female dancers? J Mot Behav. 2017 Mar-Apr;49(2):163-71. To investigate whether young male and female dancers have different patterns of association between static and dynamic postural balance (PB), 60 dancers from the Australian Ballet School (14 to 19 years old) were tested for static and dynamic PB with head and lumbar accelerometers. Monotonic relationships between static and dynamic PB were found in head movements among young female dancers in all three directions, but were found for young male dancers in the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) directions only. In lumbar movements, monotonic relationships were found for young female dancers in the AP direction only. Comparing head with lumbar movements in static PB, young male dancers demonstrated monotonic relationships between head and lumbar movements in all 3 directions; however, young female dancers demonstrated monotonic relationships in the AP direction only. In the dynamic measurements, both male and female dancers demonstrated monotonic relationships between head and lumbar movements for all parameters measured in the ML and vertical directions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, among female dancers static PB ability is correlated with their dynamic ability, whereas among male dancers, no relationship between the static and dynamic PB in the AP direction exists. Male dancers showed head and lumbar coordination in the static PB movement, but neither gender manifested head and lumbar coordination in the AP direction as measured for dynamic PB.


Abstract:This essay understands slowness as an embodied method that black queer women mobilize to articulate their place within gentrifying neighborhoods oriented around speed and its by-product: white heteromasculinity. It follows the women as they participate in a queer dance party dedicated to slow jams, examining how they use slowness to theorize and take pleasure in the party as black queer women. As the party gets more popular, however, the music gets faster, the crowd gets whiter, and black queer women's deployments of slowness shift as they see the party capitulating to a model of success in the neoliberal city that depends on black queer aesthetics even as it disavows black queer subjects. The essay subsequently situates black queer women's conscious practices of slowness within a longer genealogy of black negotiations of the temporal, arguing that black and black queer management of space-time necessarily expands juridical-economic formulations of what David Harvey describes as the "right to the city." In so doing, it argues for more acute attention to the racialized queer mechanics of temporal as well as affective and embodied capital as important terrains on which black queer subjects make themselves intelligible within neoliberal spaces that function through their removal.


The spine is a deceptively complex and finely balanced system, disorders of which tend to affect the young and elderly in particular. This book presents a review of the state-of-the-art in techniques for analyzing the healthy or diseased spine and for diagnosing and treating spinal disorders. The subjects covered in the International Symposium on Spine and Spinal Disorders in Growth and Aging, from which this book stems, included wide areas of research and clinical experience, from the measurement of bone mineral density to the biomechanics of the fracture mechanism and the redistribution of stress in the osteoporotic spine. Clinical topics covered ranged from the spinal manifestation of sytemic and local diseases, through trauma, to metabolic and degenerative diseases of the spine itself. Special attention was paid to spinal deformity, ossification and the degenerative spine, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the appendicular manifestation of spinal disorders.


There is a high similarity between the signs and symptoms of patients with Alzheimer and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although several attempts have been made to differentiate these two groups of patients by decoding the fluctuation of their electroencephalogram (EEG), the achieved results are not yet promising. To increase the differentiation rate, in this study, 14 patients with Alzheimer from 13 patients with MCI have been voluntarily enrolled while their EEG signals are recorded in presence of visual stimuli. To suppress the disrupting artifacts and noises (e.g., eye-blink and movement artefact) from the recorded EEGs, independent component analysis is applied. Next, the visual evoke potential (VEP) patterns are extracted by synchronous averaging and then multi-linear principal component analysis (MPCA) is applied to elicit discriminative features from VEPs of the patients. After feature extraction by MPCA, the reduced feature vectors of both groups are applied to a nearest neighbor classifier, leading to 77.35% differentiation accuracy.


The paper analyses the main features of trade agreements covering services concluded between Latin American countries and developed country partners. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is devoted a full section with a view to setting out key analytical parameters for the ensuing approach to individual agreements with the United States, the European Union and Japan. By means of a very detailed comparison across agreements, a typology is established for classifying specific elements with relation to whether they simply mirror GATS provisions (GATS-neutral"), go beyond GATS provisions ("GATS-Plus") or fall short of GATS provisions in some respect ("GATS-Minus"). In doing that, it becomes apparent that often-made generalizations can be wrong and that any analysis focused on one or two elements in isolation is bound to be incomplete, inconclusive or simply inaccurate. A full section is also devoted to the question of policy space with a particular emphasis on if and when the agreements herein in question curtail governments' prerogatives to regulate and make policy on matters relating to services. The paper acknowledges that there are indeed many "sore spots" in those agreements but demonstrates that many of the existing mechanisms permit in any case some level of leeway for policy-makers. The paper concludes with ten lessons regarding trade in services agreements between Latin American countries and developed trading partners."


Premature failure of a marine diesel engine piston pin has been studied.By the metallographic and fracture observation,it is shown that the failure characteristic was considered as fatigue,the cracks initiated on the carbite net of carburizing case,and then propagated to fracture.To inhibit fatigue of piston pin,it is commanded to improve carburizing process and avoid the precipitation of carbide net.


The performance achievable in laser material processing depends not only on the optical power of the source but also on the quality (for example in terms of the beam-parameter-product) of the beam incident on the workpiece. Therefore, to optimize the production yield, flexible laser machines must have the possibility to change the beam quality depending on the specific process in which they are used. A typical example is sheet metal cutting with fiber lasers, as thin and thick sheets require two different beam quality values. The paper reports on a new device that allows continuously and dynamically changing the beam quality of laser beams in the kilowatt range to optimize the performance of laser cutting of sheet metals of different thicknesses. When the device is used with 100 μm input and output fibers, the beam parameter product can be tuned from about 4 mm⋅mrad to 7.5 mm⋅mrad with coupling efficiency always larger than 95%. An even broader beam parameter product range up to 9 mm⋅mrad can be achieved when using 50 μm input and 100 μm output fibers, respectively.


High uncertainties arias through the characterization of soil parameters because of the lack of data obtained from geotechnical reports. Reducing these uncertainties may improve the characteristic values of soil parameters. This research aims to probabilistically characterize a soil's cohesion parameter in Nasiriyah. The Bayesian approach has been applied to soil data obtained through a project in Nasiriyah. The soil at the site is classified as lean clay, and the soil cohesion has been evaluated using two Bayesian methods: the ordinary, normal distribution method (OND) and the Marcove Chain Monte Carlo-based Bayesian approach (MCMC) method. The previous knowledge utilized in the Bayesian approach was based on 20 boreholes, and the subjective probability approach has functioned in the prior probability distribution. The OND method deduced a mean value of cohesion of (195.9 kPa) and a standard deviation of (14.68 kPa), (COV) 7.49%. It was noted that the probability distribution has a more significant effect than the previous distribution on the posterior distribution. The MCMC method summarized the probabilistic description of the soil characteristic, through which it reached the mean and the subsequent standard deviation (167.49) kPa (109.8) kPa, respectively, and the coefficient of Variation (COV) was 65.6%. It is considered the most appropriate and common method, especially in high-dimensional data when the results are not well known because it can provide a probabilistic value for the not well-known data.


Sound absorption performance of porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) foams was investigated using a finite element model. Analyses with acoustic modelling and numerical simulation on a hollow PVDF cylinder showed the combination of piezoelectric and conductive effects substantially contributed to airborne sound absorption. The piezoelectric effect did not take any effect on the sound absorption when the piezoelectric cylinder was an ideal dielectric without any conductivity to dissipate the charges generated from the piezoelectric effect. The maximum noise mitigation effect occurred when the resistive and capacitive impedances match. The agreement between the simulation results and previous experimental observations indicated that the high performance airborne sound absorption in semi-conductive foams was achieved due to hybrid local piezoelectric effect for converting sound to electricity and appropriate internal conductive function to dissipate the electrical charges.


in this sLudy, we proposed a mcthod ot' teedback termed anchored feedback in a classroom feedback system and condllcted two experiments for the evaluation. '1'he system enables text-besed communieatien between students and the instructor via arrow-shaped indicators, direeting feedback to Lhe target topic in the lecture slide on shared eomputer screens. In Experiment 1, we evaluated the deictic function by comparing an interface with the deictiu feature to one without it, and the findings suggested that the deictic function faeilitated access to feedback by directing it tc} the target topic. In eontrast, in Experiment 2, we [nvestigated the practicality ot' the feedback system in an actual lecture, and the results reveated that the system inereased the participants' consciousness ofinteractivity, with the exception ofthose participants who had keybofLrding diHlculties.


Various aspects of the question of religious syncretism in the Middle East have repeatedly been the subject of research. Seen from an 'orientalist' and idealistic point of view, this question has been dealt with by national historiographies in a predictably justifi catory fashion. Moreover, after the end of the Cold War era, it resurfaced, integrated into wider questions such as that of the politicisation of religion or that of the emergence of "ethnic-identities", an issue which has recently engulfed the institutions of the European Union. In the current enfl amed situation, the historian has diffi culty in detaching himself/herself from the crucial present debate on religion/culture and confl icts (dictated as an almost exclusive approach and topic of research according to the lines of the 'clash of civilizations' theory). Often encountering retrospective and anachronistic interpretations, (s)he needs to revisit, among other issues, the question of the religious orthodoxies and of the deviances from them. Th e collective work presented here is, in short, an attempt to explore respective phenomena in their own historical terms. Th e participants at the Colloque of the Collège de France in October 2001 developed new analyses and proposed responses to an historical phenomenon which is linked in various ways to current political-ideological events (Preface by Gilles Veinstein, pp xiii-xiv).


An accurate prediction of contractor potential is of vital importance during contractor selection and evaluation process. Such prediction enables identification and classification of contractor performance to ease the selection process. This paper outlines the use of clients' tender evaluation preferences for predicting a contractor performance via a logistic regression (LR) approach. A total of 31 clients' tender evaluation criteria were selected to develop a LR model for predicting contractor performance. The proposed model was developed based on 48 of United Kingdom public and private construction projects and validated in 20 independent cases. It was found that 75% of the cases correctly and the model statistically accurate for contractor performance prediction, where the input variables consist of nominal and interval data. The paper summarized techniques and advantages of LR analysis and discussed literature findings of contractor selection and evaluation methodologies undertaken by construction res...


A non-invasive microwave device for the detection of epi/subdural hemorrhaging (hematoma) is under current development. The final device will be highly portable and allow real time assessment of head injuries, thereby satisfying early detection needs of the field technician as well as providing a tool for repetitious monitoring of high-risk individuals. The device will adopt the advanced technology of micropower impulse radar (MIR) which is a state of the art low cost ultra wide band (UWB) microwave radar developed here at LLNL. It will consist of a MIR transmitting and receiving module, a computer based signal processing module, and a device-to-patient signal coupling module--the UWB antenna. The prototype design is being guided by the needs of the patient and the practitioner along with the prerequisites of the technology including issues such as the specificity of the device, efficacy of diagnosis, accuracy, robustness, and patient comfort. The prototype development follows a concurrent approach which .includes experiments designed to evaluate requirements of the radar and antenna design, phantom development to facilitate laboratory investigations, and investigation into the limits of adapting pre-existing non-medical MIR devices to medical applications. This report will present the accomplishments and project highlights to date in the fiscal year more » 1999. Future project projections will also be discussed. « less


Beyond simple classification of breast mammograms as normal, benign, and cancerous this project also aims to use the learned classification models to create prediction images of the development of normal regions to cancerous ones. These prediction images are done trough reinforcement learning whereby the normal mammogram is tweaked enough to be classified as benign and then from benign to malignant. This can also be done backwards to trace back the development of cancerous regions and try to reconstruct how the area used to look like when it was healthy.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assay in detecting carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

METHODS
Thirty-four carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and 50 carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were tested. After a 2-hour incubation of bacteria with meropenem, the mixtures were centrifuged and the supernatants analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS.

RESULTS
All spectra of carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae showed peaks of m/z 384, 406, 428 while those of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae m/z 358, 380, 402, 424, 446, 468. And the assay of MALDI-TOF MS was highly consistent with sequencing (P = 1.000).

CONCLUSION
MALDI-TOF MS can detect carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae rapidly and accurately.


Establish ways of creating, thoroughly investigate the threats and their level of salmon and endangered fish species Tysa River Basin within Zakarpattia region. Rate of change, diversity, distribution, the proportion of individual species, to the distribution of geographic elements on the principle of zoning and depending on environmental conditions. The study of threats to salmon and endangered species of fish in the river Tysa carried tributaries and in areas watercourse Transcarpathian region using generalized results of hydrological, ichthyological and toxicological studies. Number of species status of populations, evaluated on the basis of documents, monitoring of rivers, ichthyological data during in 2008–2014 years of control catching specialists Department of the use, reproduction of water bio-resources and regulation of fisheries in the Transcarpathian region, the State Administration of Environmental Protection in Zakarpattya region, published and unpublished sources, a survey of local fishermen. Collection and processing of materials performed by conventional methods. Comparison of species composition of fish fauna of the Tysa River Basin within Zakarpattia region on the results of previous studies and the current state of evidence that it has changed significantly. Analysis of data for 1926–2015 years revealed the presence of 77 species, which is 41.5 percent more than the same period in 1926. However, should point to the increase in the number and activities of various threats to salmon and other valuable fish species in our region. Established prolonged human pressure, pollution reduced the number of new European grayling and Trout v 13.4 times. There were 16 species, including salmon, listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. Ceased to meet sturgeon passage. Study threats operation populations of salmon and endangered species gives reason to believe that the level of destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution, depletion of the gene pool is too narrow to study hydro. For the first time a comprehensive assessment of threats to salmon, valuable and endangered local fish Transcarpathia in terms of various specific human impact of their pressure from environmental factors in the past and now. A study of the action of environmental factors and implementation of scientifically based measures to restore fish in close to natural. The results can be used in developing preservation methods, quantitative growth of populations of salmon and endangered species not only in Zakarpattya but also in the Carpathian region, water protection planning activities.


are provided new derivatives of amino-BETA SUBSTITUTED having the general formula (Y) IN WHICH, FOR EXAMPLE, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl radicals REBAJADOS, alkenyl radicals REBAJADOS, RADICALS alkynyl REBAJADOS, hydrocarbon radicals alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals AROMATICOS, wherein the radicals are optionally substituted by hydroxy, REBAJADO, HIRE REBAJADO, nitro, cyano, azido, ureido, ureylene, carboxyl or derivatives CARBONYL, TRIFLUOROMETHYL, acyloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, ALQUILSULFENIL, ARILSULFENIL, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, amino, alkylamino, trialkylsilyl, aminosulphonyl, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, aroylamino, FENIL, naphthyl, alkynyl REBAJADO THAT ARE optionally substituted with one or more of the following: halogen, nitro, REBAJADO, HIRE REBAJADO, trialkylsilyl, azide and PHENYL; The invention also relates the pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives.


We experimentally investigate the optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty induced by the rotational misalignment of the phase plates in phase-plate based mode multiplexer.


An anomalous damping or growth of transverse coupled bunch modes has long been observed in CESR. The growth rates and tune shifts of these modes are a highly nonlinear function of current. The effect is associated with the operation of the distributed ion pumps, as it disappears when the pumps are not powered. We show that this effect can be explained by the presence of electrons trapped in the CESR chamber by the field of the dipole magnets and the electrostatic leakage field of the distributed ion pumps. Photoelectrons are introduced into the chamber by synchrotron radiation and can be ejected from the chamber by the passage of an e/sup +/ or e/sup -/ bunch. The transverse position of the beam thus modulates the trapped photoelectron charge density, which in turn deflects the beam, creating growth or damping and a tune shift for each coupled bunch mode. Predictions of the dependence of growth rate and tune shift on bunch current, bunch pattern, and mode frequency by a numerical model of this process are in approximate agreement with observations.


The group Amigos y Vecinos de las Manitas carries out activities in the Las Manitas neighborhood, promoting social, artistic and community development and the prevention of situations such as pollution and violence. This cooperation between residents of the sector is mobilized around the care of the handyman or water sources that give the neighborhood its name.


Contains wave file demonstration, core patch and required supporting function patches, assignment written component and data spreadsheet and tab delimited text file


I have taught a course on Chicana and Chicano religiosity since 1992, first at the University of California, Los Angeles, and now at California State University, Northridge. The students are primarily of Mexican ancestry, although more with roots in Central America are now attending, as the demographics in Los Angeles change. The course also attracts a few non-Latinos preparing for teaching professions in public elementary schools.


The diploma thesis focus on issue of project management. Whereas the greater emphasis is on initiation and planning of the project. In the first part are summarized the theoretical knowing about project management, phases of the project and specific process of the web-site design. The subject of practical part of this thesis is description of concrete project focused on in-volving students in practical experience through of web site. This web site is supposed to serve as a central point, where students can find a partner from corporate environment for cooperation and vice versa. The main goal of the practical part is definition of conceptual design of the project, potentialities of its realization and feasibility of the project.


After antimony and diantimony trioxide samples were dissolved with acid,the impurities in them were directly determined with high-resolution consecutive scanning inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer without matrix separation.It was found that if the digestion temperature could be well controlled,the simultaneous determination of many impurities including copper,cadmium,lead,arsenic,chromium,selenium,tin,mercury and bismuth could be achieved,with simplified experiment procedure.The sample digestion,selection of solution acidity,spectral and matrix interference were studied.Under the optimized working conditions,the interference of matrix could be effectively eliminated by matrix matching.Being simple and rapid,This method could meet the requirements of industrial analysis.Its recovery was between 96.0%-106.4 %.RSD was less than 3%(n=6),and the detection limit of method was lower than 0.02 μg/mL.The determination results were consistent with the certified values.


PDF Version DATE: August 8, 2019 SUBJECT: 86 th Legislation on Student Discipline Under Chapter 37 CATEGORY: Discipline NEXT STEPS: Update local student
 code of conduct and procedures


Background: Expert judgment is the most frequently practiced approach to estimate software development effort. In Agile Software Development (ASD), effort is typically estimated by teams using expert judgment based approaches. Expert effort estimation, being lightweight and practitioner/team-centric, aligns well with ASD contexts. However, in the absence of explicit guidelines, expert effort estimation can be ad-hoc with inconsistent results. Further, due to the lack of emphasis on documentation in ASD, important estimation experience is also likely to be lost. Objective: This thesis has two main objectives: First, to identify and organize evidence from both literature and industry on effort estimation in ASD contexts. Second, using the identified and organized knowledge, to develop and evolve checklists to support and improve the expert effort estimation processes of agile teams. Method: In this thesis we conducted a combination of primary (one industrial survey, one industrial case study involving one company and one multi-case study involving three companies) and secondary studies (one systematic literature review and one systematic mapping study). Results: The systematic literature review and survey showed that most agile teams estimate software development effort using expert estimation approaches. Further, teamrelated cost drivers, such as a team's skill level, are considered most important. The results showed that organizing the knowledge on effort estimation in agile contexts as a taxonomy was helpful in characterizing the effort estimation cases from the literature and industry. Furthermore, the idea of using estimation checklists improved the expert estimation processes in agile contexts by increasing the accuracies of the effort estimates and decreasing the underestimation bias. The study participants from the case companies observed that the use of the checklist during estimation improved task understandability, reduced the likelihood of missing tasks and factors, increased the confidence in effort estimates and lead to more objectivity in the effort estimation process. Conclusions: This thesis proposes an effort estimation taxonomy that can be used as a guideline for reporting effort estimation studies in ASD to facilitate aggregation and analysis of evidence. This thesis also proposes a process for developing and evolving customized estimation checklists and demonstrated its application in three software companies. The thesis empirically validated the usefulness of the checklists in improving expert effort estimation processes of three companies. In two case companies, the checklists have become part of their regular estimation processes. In the third case company, the project manager continues to use the checklist factors to prioritize the product backlog.


The lattice parameters a and c as well as the axial thermal expansion coefficients in the AgGa(S1-xSex)2 solid solutions with chalcopyrite-type structure were determined as a function of temperature in the range from 80 to 700 K and composition x using an X-ray powder diffractometry technique. It is found that the thermal expansion coefficients were anisotropic and for all the solid solutions the thermal expansion coefficients along the tetragonal c-axis were negative whereas those along the a-axis and the volume coefficients were positive. The directions in which the crystal thickness does not change as temperature varies, were found. The composition dependences of these coefficients were non-linear.

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Neurofibroma is benign tumor of nerve tissue origin derived from the cells that constitute the neural sheath. Neurofibroma usually occur on skin and is rare in the oral cavity. In the literature intraoral neurofibromas are reported in 7% of the cases. Clinically neurofibroma appears as discrete, nonulcerated nodule or diffuse mass of tissue which tend to be of the same color as the normal mucosa. Neurofibroma is usually asymptomatic, but sometimes pain and paresthesia may be associated with it. Clinically intraoral neurofibromas resemble many other soft tissue lesions. Hence, recognizing and diagnosing intraoral neurofibromas is necessary for careful planning of conservative treatment and follow up to rule out intraosseous extension and malignant transformation. Surgical excision with regular follow up is the treatment of choice. Here in we present a rare case of neurofibroma occurring on gingiva along with brief review of literature.


For decreasing intersymbol interference (ISI) due to band-limited channels in digital communication, the uses of equalization techniques are necessary. Among adaptive equalization techniques, because of their ease of implementation and nonlinear capabilities, the neural networks have been used as an alternative for effectively dealing with the channel distortion, especially the nonlinear distortion. The complex backpropagation (BP) neural networks are proposed as nonlinear adaptive equalizers that can deal with both QAM and PSK signals of any constellation size (e.g. 32-QAM, 64-QAM and MPSK), and the complex BP algorithm for the new node activation functions having multi-output values and multi-saturation regions is presented. We also show that the proposed complex BPN provides, compared with the linear equalizer using the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, an interesting improvement concerning bit error rate (BER) when channel distortions are nonlinear.


Objective: After analysing the effectiveness in the reduction in the incidence of functional impairment and a higher probability of returning home between elderly patients hospitalised due to an acute medical illness cared for in acute geriatric units (AGU) compared to conventional care units, we propose to assess the efficiency of this care. Material and methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was made of controlled studies (randomised, no randomised and case-control) that compared care in UGA with care in conventional hospital units of patients of 65 years and over with an acute medical illness. Studies on administrative data bases, those that evaluated care of a single disease, and those that assessed units with care in the acute and sub-acute phase were excluded. A literature review was performed on articles published up to 31st of August 2008 in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and references of systematic reviews and reviewed


This research is a classroom action research that aims to improve speaking skills using the sociodrama method in Indonesian subjects for fourth grade students at SDN 5 Kesu'. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles and in each cycle consisted of four steps of activities, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed that using the sociodrama method in Indonesian language learning was able to increase students' self-confidence, intonation, diction, fluency and expression in students' speaking skills. The results of the analysis state that the results of the fourth grade students of SDN 5 Kesu' speaking skills have increased, seen from the average cycle 1 of 66% and cycle II of 78%. Theauthor concludes that the sociodrama method can be used in learning Indonesian because it can increase self-confidence, intonation, diction, fluency of speech and expression in speaking skills.


There are some situations in which the landmarks used in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) have their own classes and for ceiling view (CV)-based navigation, this is usually the case. Ceilings in the home or the office have circular landmarks, such as lamps, speakers, fire alarms, smoke alarms, and so on, but to our knowledge, their classes have not been fully exploited in the data association of SLAM. In this paper, a new SLAM method that exploits the class of the landmarks is proposed and is applied to ceiling view-based SLAM (cvSLAM). The fact that the landmark classification cannot always be correct is also taken into account in the new SLAM and is formulated in the FastSLAM framework. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted and the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated.


YM-47141 and YM-47142 are new elastase inhibitor produced by Flexibacter sp. Q17897. These structures were elucidated by MS and NMR spectral analysis. YM-47141 and YM-47142 were the cyclic peptides containing tricarbonyl moiety hydrated on the center carbonyl carbon in DMSO-d6.


Brands are more than just names or symbols that identify ownership or origin; they represent consumers? perceptions and feelings about a product. The geographies of place and space are inescapably intertwined with brands and branding, and the values and meanings that people ascribe to specific brands are entangled in their perceptions of the brand?s spatial associations and connotations. Whilst there is a significant body of research in marketing which deals with country-of-origin effects, many different places, including cities, are capable of generating powerful place-of-origin effects, and a positive reputational connection between a product-category and a place represents the most potent form of origin effect.

Fashion is also ?a bounded thing, fixed and experienced in space?. Key global cities, including Paris, New York, London and Milan are closely associated with fashion. These metropolitan centres of style, are routinely linked to fashion brands and retail outlets for marketing purposes (eg: DKNY, AX Paris, Rimmel London), building on the place-of-origin effect.

Fashion brand names are frequently used in fictional works, where they help to achieve a form of verisimilitude. Breward states that: ?Writers...have ? long understood the connections to be made between the sense of place ... and the making and wearing of clothing?. However, despite this, there is little or no research which addresses the connection between fashion brand name usage and the geographies of place in novels. This paper explores the association of fashion brand names and world fashion cities through a content analysis of fashion brand names in three city-based ?chick lit? novels from Lindsey Kelk?s popular I Heart series: I Heart New York (2009), I Heart Paris (2010) and I Heart London (2012). The extent to which the brand names mentioned in the novels reflect the fashion city setting is discussed.


In this study, the ability to remove ammonium aqueous solutions of the natural zeolite particles produced in Jinzhou, Liaoning and the zeolite particles modified by potassium permanganate were characterized by using the static adsorption experiments. The results showed that ammonia adsorption capacity of natural zeolite is preferable, and adsorption capacity of the zeolite particles modified by potassium permanganate is slightly lower, but still maintain preferential adsorption. In addition, the Freundlich isotherm model proved a better fit inthe description of ammonia adsorption process than Langmuir model both for the natural zeolites and zeolite particles after potassium permanganate treatment, with R2 ranging from 0.9328 to 0.9893. The adsorption kinetic data of ammonium onto the zeolite particles modified by potassium permanganate could be welldescribed by a pseudo-second-order kinetics equation.


For the interpretation of the book of Haggai and for the place of the prophet in the history of the people of God, the pericope ii 10-19 is of the greatest importance. It begins with a request to the priests for a tora concerning holiness and uncleanness. Their response is then directed to "this people, ... this nation", whose identity has been the focus of much debate. J. W. Rothstein' takes them to be the Samaritans whose help Haggai is rejecting in the rebuilding of the temple, and shifts ii 15-19, which concerns the remnant, to follow i 15a (for reasons see below, p. 159). E. Sellin2 had already suspected there were verses missing after i 15a, and Rothstein's alteration of the order of the text provided an answer to Sellin. Rothstein's position has received wide acceptance,3 though recent commentaries have been less accepting, either in part or altogether.4 The most significant answer to Rothstein has come from Klaus Koch's form-critical study of Haggai's three longest speeches,5 showing ii 10-19 to be a unified whole directed to the


ZnS:Mn-glycine (ZnS:Mn-Gly) nanocomposites were synthesized by capping ZnS:Mn nanocomposites with glycine. Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O), glycine (C2H5NO2), manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4·H2O), and sodium sulfide (Na2S) were used as the source reagents. ZnS:Mn-Gly-C60 nanocomposites were obtained by heating the ZnS:Mn-Gly nanocomposites and fullerene (C60) at a 2:1 mass ratio in an electric furnace at 700 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the crystal structure of the synthesized nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnS:Mn-Gly-C60 nanocomposites was evaluated, via the degradation of brilliant green (BG) dye under 254 nm irradiation, with a UV-vis spectrophotometer.


Objective:To analyze the cause,clinical features,treatment and effects of multiple organ fali-ure with fish bile poisoning in children.Method:The reasons of poisoning,the toxicity of pathogenic material,clinical manifestation,laboratory examination and treatment of 6cases of fish bile poisoning in children were analyzed retrospectively.Result:All of the cases were suffered with gastrointestinal symptoms,5cases (83.3%)had acute renal failure,5cases(83.3%)had toxic hepatitis,4cases(66.6%)of direct myocardial loss and4cases(66.6%)had neurological manifestations.5children were cured after hemodialysis(HD)or continuous veno-venous hemofiltration(CVVH).Only one child died with MOF.Conclusion:Fish gall bladder poisoning can cause multiple organ failure,early hemofiltration may improve the survival rate of gall blad-der poisoning of children.


This presentation summarizes use of pozzolans during a 55-year period in numerous concrete structures ranging from irrigation drain tile to a 5,000,000-cubic-yard dam. Photographs illustrate structures in which several types of pozzolans were used. Graphs comparing fly ash with natural pozzolans and control concrete show the superiority of fly ash concrete in most environmental tests. The magnitude of the fly ash marketing problem and the need for specifications for fly ashes derived from burning lignite and subbituminous coals are discussed. /Author/


525E5E5E9NTIL quite recently the over-all results of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis have been very poor. During most of the first half of this century the case fatality rate did not change appreciably and death from progressive F3 U X disease or continued disability was the expected fate of all but a few tuberculous patients. The discovery of effective antimicrobial drugs and the development of finer thoracic surgical techniques have greatly altered this grim picture. Carefully controlled studies on large groups of patients have established principles for the use of our presently available therapeutic modalities in the initial treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis which are now almost universally accepted. A few details of what currently constitutes optimum therapy in various groups of patients remain to be worked out. It is generally agreed that patients undergoing initial treatment for tuberculosis should be given a chemotherapeutic regimen that includes isoniazid, and that streptomycin or paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS) or both, should be given concurrently and daily with the isoniazid. This regimen should be continued without interruption for at least a year and often for an even longer period. At an appropriate time during this course of treatment, irreversible and potentially dangerous residual lesions should be identified and if it is feasible, these should be excised. Numerous exceptions, elaborations, or amendments to this somewhat over-simplified statement of principles may be justified by presently available clinical and laboratory studies. Some investigators would insist that the dose of isoniazid is critical and that either all patients should be tested to identify those individuals who inactivate isoniazid readily or


Youth work is shaped by a combination of social,
political and historical factors, and operates within
a context where young people frequently experience
violence or attempts to control them. Nonviolence
offers youth workers a foundation for practice that
does not rely on coercion or control. Drawing on
youth work literature, nonviolence literature,
telephone interviews and focus groups with youth
workers and face-to-face interviews with young people
and youth workers, this book considers the
implications of a philosophy of nonviolence for youth
workers. Youth workers have generally heard of
nonviolence activists like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin
Luther King but are unlikely to be aware of the
philosophy underpinning the nonviolence they, and
many other women and men, practised. This book argues
that nonviolence is a solid foundation for youth work
practice and provides useful insights for youth
workers. Although focusing on the context of
Australian youth work, this book will be relevant to
youth workers around the world.


The Jefferson Formation (Frasnian) in southwestern Montana consists of cyclic sequences of shallow marine platformal dolomites that grade westward into slope/basinal facies in east-central Idaho. Regional sedimentologic characteristics of slope facies in Idaho indicate that the Jefferson platform resembled a distally steepened ramp. Slope facies consist of slope laminites with local small scale slumps and slope breccias. Shallow water platform-derived clasts are lacking in the slope breccias. Individual shallowing upward platform cycles are 25 m to < 1 m thick and consists of, in descending order: local solution-collapse breccia caps; cryptalgal dolomudstone; rare ooid dolograinstone; thin-bedded Amphipora dolowackestone; coarsely crystalline dolostones with abundant lenticular to domal stromatoporoids; and basal thin-bedded, fine-grained, shale dolostones with closely spaced hard-grounds that grade upward into burrow-homogenized, irregularly bedded dolostones.


Abstract : TIES), CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, NICKEL COMPOUNDS, MANGANESE COMPOUNDS, IRON OXIDES, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, SOLID SOLUTIONS, THESES, ANTIFERROMAGNETISM, OXIDES*MAGNETIC ORDERING, MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, MAGNONS, MANGANESE OXIDES, MOLECULAR FIELD THEORY, NICKEL OXIDES, CHROMIUM OXIDESA better understanding of the nature and mechanisms of superexchange is sought by studying magnetic ordering in compounds isotypic with alpha-NaFeO2. Exchange, superexchange, and Weiss molecular field theory are reviewed. The Heisenberg-Dirac-Van Vleck Hamiltonian is derived by an intuitive method. The historic development of superexchange in terms of quantitative theory and qualitative rules is considered. The Weiss molecular field theory is used to compute the exchange parameters. Its advantages, limitations and predictions are stated and the several expressions employed are developed. The crystal chemistry and some physical properties of ordered rocksalts isotypic with alpha-NaFeO2 are analyzed. (Author)


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Mansfield, Layla Rhiannon, "Bumps along the long and winding road: Factors related to truck driver turnover and job-induced tension" (2014). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1874.


Distributed generator (DG) is now commonly used in distribution system to reduce total power loss and to improve the power quality and reliability of the network. The major task of connecting DG is to identify their optimal placement in the system and to evaluate the amount of power to be generated by DG. By considering this objective, a hybrid technique using Genetic algorithm and Neural-network is proposed in this paper. By placing DG at optimal location and by evaluating generating power based on the load requirement then the number of generators in the network increases and so that different generator states are possible for a particular load condition. The total power loss in the system can be minimized without affecting the voltage stability of the buses. Reliability is old concept and a new discipline. Reliability is, and always has been, one of the major factors in planning, des ig n, operation a nd mai ntenance o f e l e c t r i c pow er sy s te m. Reliability of an electric supply system has been defined as the probability of providing the user with continuous service of satisfactory quality. Reliability p r e d i c t i o n is a method of quantitatively stating what is expected to occur and can be used to indicate the relative merits of alternate design proposals with regard to a predetermined level of performance adequacy. Here considered reliability parameters are Loss of Load probability (LOLP) and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS).The LOLP and EENS evaluations are based on peak load consideration with load model is considered as straight line. The probability of load exceeding the generating capacity has also been considered in LOLP evaluation. The proposed method is tested for IEEE 30 bus system, by connecting suitable size of DG at the optimal location of the system. The results showed a considerable reduction in the total power loss in the system, improved voltage profiles of all the buses and Reliability parameters. Keywords—DG, Genetic Algorithm, Neural network (NN), LOLP and EENS.


Urban human settlements have been the key factor of promoting the sustainable development and raising the core competence.The human settlements with beautiful environment and pleasant climate have been people's common wishes.Realizing the harmonious development of urban human settlements is the urgent need of social development.The status and characters of urban human settlements in China are discussed.The methods and countermeasures of constructing ideal urban human settlements are pointed out.


ABSTRACT: In recent years, there has been debate from various perspectives on the question of whether the mitten crabs Eriocheir japonica and E. sinensis should be considered as two different species. It has been reported that the chromosome numbers of these two crabs differ from each other; for E. japonica it is 2n = 148, n = 74, whereas for E. sinensis it is 2n = 146, n = 73. These data suggest that E. japonica and E. sinensis are different species. Nevertheless, the chromosome number of E. japonica was obtained in 1937 by the method of paraffin section. This classical gonad (testis) sectioning method is now known as an unreliable method for determining the number of chromosomes. In the present study the number of chromosomes in E. japonica and E. sinensis is re-examined using the air-drying method. The results show that E. japonica and E. sinensis have the same number of chromosomes (2n = 146, n = 73), which means that the number of chromosomes cannot be used as a criterion to distinguish these two species. Even though observation of the chromosomes under the scanning electron microscope was attempted, it was not possible to perform karyotype analysis in the two species because centromeres could not be identified in some of the chromosomes.


Discusses the problem of "creating" a vocational education and training profession in Europe. In approaching the problem, national and cultural differences of vocational education and training must be recognized. Typical ways of comparing and analysing them may, however, be limited for reflecting on the topic of vocational education and training (VET) profession. Suggests that an analysis on the "education functions" of different categories of vocational educators and trainers in different cultures is needed. To promote further discussion, gives an example from Finland. In the Finnish case, vocational teachers have become the proponents of vocational education.


A light-harvesting triblock copolymer incorporated with pyrene and ruthenium complex photosensitizing moieties was synthesized and integrated into the dispersion and surface functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via noncovalent π–π interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that the copolymer interacts with MWCNTs mainly through the pyrene blocks and that the Ru complex moieties far away from the MWCNT could preserve the charge-separated states of the electron donor–acceptor system after photo excitation. This new molecular structure serves as a good model for studying the fundamental photophysics of light harvesting systems based on polymer/carbon nanotube hybrids. Results from femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy show that the electron transfer process occurs within 383 ps from the Ru complex to MWCNT, which is much faster than the relaxation of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited state of the Ru complex. The rapid electron injection process in...


The present invention provides a number of skin-reinforced formulations containing ubiquinone. The present invention provides a composition for the treatment of acne, topical antimicrobial ointment, sunscreen, facial cleansing, reduction of skin inflammation, the stabilization of the skin tint, cosmetic foundation, skin protection, lips skin protection, and skin to provide a cream. In one preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a coenzyme Q


Karen E. Yates, Ph.D. Orthopedic Research Brigham and Women's Hospital 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115 INTRODUCTION Interplay between protein and carbohydrate components in the extracellular matrix sustains the unique biomechanical properties of cartilage. Long-chain sugars known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are enmeshed within a collagen lattice. Water is attracted to the highly-6sulfated GAG chains and causes them to swell. Because GAGs are constrained within a collagen lattice, the swelling generates hydrostatic pressure that enables cartilage to bear loads. Loss of GAGs from the matrix, as well as changes in composition or sulfation, may set the stage for degeneration of cartilage tissue. Technical constraints of current analytical methods limit our knowledge of GAG structures (glycoforms) in normal cartilage and the changes that occur with pathologic conditions. Most methods require complete digestion of GAGs into disaccharides prior to analysis. The abundance of different disaccharide forms can be measured, but information on their arrangement (patterning) is lost. New approaches are needed to obtain quantitative information on patterning and other structural variables. The objective of this interdisciplinary collaboration is to adapt novel, mass spectrometry-based platform technologies to analyze the fine structure of GAGs from human cartilage. GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN STRUCTURE Proteoglycans are comprised of one or more GAGs attached to a protein core (Figure 1). Subtypes of GAGs such as keratan sulfate (KS) or chondroitin sulfate (CS) contain characteristic combinations of disaccharide units. Additional structural diversity in GAGs is generated by sulfate modification and epimerization of uronic acid within the disaccharides. Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate are closely related in structure; dermatan sulfate is distinguished by having disaccharide repeats that contain iduronic acid, rather than glucuronic acid. The components of disaccharides may be sulfated at different locations, such as the 4 postion in galactosamine (chondroitin 4-sulfate, or chondroitin sulfate type A) or at the 6 position (chondroitin 6-sulfate, or chondrotin sulfate type C). Changes in cartilage GAG composition and sulfation occur during normal development and with disease. For example, the number of KS chains on aggrecan increases after the age of ~20 years 1,2, and there is a shift in the relative amounts of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate 3-5. Changes that occur in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage may be distinct from aging, such as a decrease in KS 6 and altered sulfation at terminal residues 7. With current analytical methods that require complete digestion of GAGs into disaccharides, much of the information on structural variables is destroyed. That information could be retained, however, by using methods that are able to distinguish larger oligosaccharides (Figure 2). A MASS SPECTRAL APPROACH TO ANALYZE GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN STRUCTURE In mass spectral analysis, different chemical structures display characteristic peaks of ion abundance (i.e., diagnostic ions). Specific structures can be identified and quantified by measuring the abundance of diagnostic ions. Several types of mass spectral approaches have been developed for analysis of biomolecules, including proteins and DNA. Dr. Zaia's group at the Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine proposed that a combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectral analysis (MS/MS) could be used for direct analysis of oligosaccharides, to obtain patterning information without additional purificaFigure 1. Schematic of a proteoglycan.


For the reader that is curious about the idea of a "job guarantee" – alternatively called "employer of last resort" or "public service employment" – this book is a good place to start. Although it ...


Cleveland Clinic (OH, USA) launched the Center for Personalized Healthcare in 2011 to establish an evidence-based system for individualizing care by incorporating unique patient characteristics, including but not limited to genetic and family health history information, into the standard medical decision-making process. Using MyFamily, a web-based tool integrated into our electronic health record, a patient's family health history is used as a surrogate for genetic, environmental and behavioral risks to identify those with an elevated probability of developing disease. Complementing MyFamily, the Personalized Medication Program was created for the purpose of identifying gene–drug pairs for integration into clinical practice and developing the implementation tools needed to incorporate pharmacogenomics into the clinical workflow. We have successfully implemented the gene–drug pairs HLA-B*57:01–abacavir and TPMT–thiopurines into patient care. Our efforts to establish personalized medical care at Cleveland C...


Objective:To investigate loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on the chromosomal region 1p36 in small hepatocellular carcinoma(sHCC) and discuss the association between microsatellite alterations and clinicopathological parameters of sHCC.Methods:The PCR-SSCP based microsatellite polymorphism analysis technique was performed on 140 informative cases of sHCC by using a panel of 9 polymorphic microsatellite markers in 1p36.Results:Ninety-one of informative 140 cases(65%) showed LOH on at least one locus.LOH was found most frequently at D1S507(40.8%,31/76).LOH on D1S507,D1S2893 was more frequent in tumors less than 1cm in size(P 0.05).Similarly,LOH on D1S468,D1S2694 and D1S243 was frequently detected in cases with Edmondson grade higher than Ⅲ(P 0.05).LOH on D1S243,RIZ occurred more frequently in cases with absent or partially encapsulated tumor than in those with intact tumor capsule(P 0.05).LOH frequency on RIZ was significantly higher in female patients than in male(P 0.05).Conclusion:High frequent LOH on chromosome 1p is a common molecular event in sHCC.LOH at some particular loci is associated with certain clinicopathological parameters of sHCC,suggesting that some putative tumor suppressor genes may exist in these regions,which may play a role in the development and progression of sHCC.


The influence of salt,isoamyl alcohol and surfactant concentration on the compound system of oil/water interfacial tension is researched in this paper.The minimum carbon number of n-alkane of three kinds of alkylbenzene sulfonate isomers is studied.Results show that when the mass of salt,alcohol,alkylbenzene sulfonate,is 0.3%,1.5% and 0.1% respectively,the interfacial tension values can be achieved 0.001 mN/m.When the mass of alcohol,alkylbenzene sulfonate unchanged,with the carbon number of oil phase growing,the salt content at which the interfacial tention reaches 0.001mN/m increases by 0.28%~0.32%,0.32%~0.38% and 0.37%~0.48% respectively.The nmin of three isomers increases with the aromatic moving from the edge to the centre in the long alkyl chain,followed by 10,11,16.Under the condition of the mass of alcohol,salt unchanged,the interfacial tention between alkylbenzene sulfonate solution and corresponding alkane can reach 0.001mN/m while the mass of three kinds of alkylbenzene sulfonate isomers is 0.08%~ 0.16%.


The present invention relates to a fluid sample test element (3) and analysis system for optical analysis of (1), the analysis system (1) includes a test element (3), a holder for holding a test element (3) ( 4) measurement evaluation device (10), light receiver for receiving (9), and light emitters for emitting (8), and a analysis unit (2). Test element (3) includes a substrate (12), the substrate (12) and the microfluidic channel structure surrounded by a cover layer (11). Flow path structure (11) has a measuring chamber (13) comprising an inlet opening (17). Test element (3) faces the cover layer, having a first level of optical analysis is performed (24). Second level of the test element (3) (25), as the first level (24) is arranged between the cover layer and the second level (25), a first level (24) to interconnect with. A portion of the measuring chamber (13) extending through the first level (24) is connected to a portion of the at least partially extending the measuring chamber to the second level (25) constituting the mixing region (15) (13) forming a measurement area (14). Optical analysis of the fluid sample, the measurement region (14) to traverse along the optical axis (30) light measuring chamber (13), the light guided parallel to the cover layer through the first level (24) It is executed by. Mixing region of the measuring chamber which is arranged on the second level (25) in (13) (15) has floor for curved (39). .Field


We developed a tailor‐made intervention aimed at improving social participation of people with cognitive problems and their caregivers. This programme consists of an integration of healthcare and welfare interventions: occupational therapy, physiotherapy and guidance by a welfare professional. This article describes the feasibility evaluation of this Social Fitness Programme.


This work presents a study about the influence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) addition on the hardness of electrodeposited nickel from Watts baths. PVP is a wetting agent which improves the quality of deposited layers. Its action seems to be closed with inhibition of adsorption of (NiOH) species on the cathode surface. Even there are some studies about the influence of PVP in electrochemical processes, this trend is new and our results could promote this additive for future commercial applications.


Most sustainable planning frameworks assess natural and social–economic landscape systems as separate entities, and our understanding of the interrelationships between them is incomplete. Landscape classification in urbanizing environments requires an integrated spatial planning approach to better address the United Nation's sustainable development challenges. The objective of this research is to apply a multicriteria evaluation which ranked diverse ecosystem–service producing landscapes and synthesize the findings within a unique green infrastructure spatial planning framework. Local government stakeholder derived weighting and GIS classification were operated to map both the urban and natural landscapes of the Salt Lake City region of Utah, one of the most rapidly urbanizing areas in North America. Results were assimilated through five regional landscape typologies—Ecological, Hydrological, Recreational, Working Lands, and Community—and indicated those highest ranked landscape areas which provided multiple ecosystem services. These findings support collaborative decision making among diverse stakeholders with overlapping objectives and illustrates pathways to the development of ecosystem service criteria. This paper contributes to a better understanding of how to integrate data and visualize the strategic approaches required for sustainable planning and management, particularly in urban and urbanizing regions where complex socioecological landscapes predominate.


The Product Safety Group at ICI receives 5,000 to 6,000 adverse reaction reports each year. To handle these, we have developed a computer-based storage, assessment, and tracking system known as PARIS (Possible Adverse Reaction Information System). Adverse reaction events are entered into the system on the day of receipt and checked by the computer for duplication with existing reports. A data associate enters a "summary-time" score that depends on the outcome of the adverse reaction and the effects (where known) of dechallenge and rechallenge. This enables the program to fill in the appropriate boxes on the Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) form and provides an initial ranking — more serious combinations have higher scores. The program also contains a decisionmaking algorithm that suggests whether or not an event should be reported. The algorithm relies on the computer recognizing key phrases and drug names, as well as knowing about recognized adverse reactions. To enable the program to recognize phrases, the computer holds a dictionary where equivalent terms are stored under a single code. When the program recognizes a term it allocates the relevant code. If an unrecognized term is used then the computer highlights this fact. At this stage the report passes to a technical evaluator. The report is checked for the possible involvement of diseases or other drugs and is then classified according to the amount of information available and whether or not it should be reported. For reportable reactions, the computer "starts the clock" and generates a daily list of the status of all nonarchived reports ranked according to urgency. The evaluators also determine whether the event is recognized as being an adverse reaction of one of the coprescribed drugs or a sequel of the patient's known diseases. The computer accumulates this information.


Intraganglionic inclusion bodies of presumably non-viral ongm have been associated with a range of defined neurologic disturbances, including myoclonus epilepsy (1), Pick's disease (2), and Parkinson's disease (3). In each of these entities the inclusions present a pattern of characteristics (histochemical and histologic properties, topographical distribution and size) which permits a degree of diagnostic differentiation. In the Parkinsonian states, the inclusion is typically intracytoplasmic, and most frequently encountered in the pigmented neurons of the mesencephalic and rhombencephalic nuclei (4). Two elderly patients with progressive dementia associated with quadriparesis in flexion, and without any Parkinsonian stigmata, have been studied, demonstrating at autopsy widely disseminated intracytoplasmic ganglionic inclusions morphologically and histochemically indistinguishable from those initially described by Lewy in Parkinson's disease (paralysis agitans).


Absolute rate coefficients for the title reaction, OH + HCHO → products (R1) were measured over the temperature range 202–399 K using the technique of pulsed laser photolytic generation of OH radical coupled to detection by pulsed laser induced fluorescence. The accuracy of the rate constants obtained was enhanced by on-line optical absorption measurements of the formaldehyde concentration. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient is given by: k1(202–399 K) = 9.52 × 10−18T2.03 exp{636/T} cm3 molecule−1 s−1 with the rate coefficient at room temperature of 8.46 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The estimated total error (95% confidence) associated with the rate coefficient derived from this expression is estimated as 5% close to 300 K, increasing to 7% at the extremes of the temperature range covered. The present results, which extend the database on this reaction to cover temperatures relevant for the upper troposphere, are compared to previously published measurements, and values of k1 for atmospheric modelling are recommended. In accord with most previous studies, we find no evidence for H atom formation in (R1).


There was an obvious relationship between the feature changes and the stage of fruit and seed development.Based on the fruit development stage of Jatropha curcas trees reported before,this paper classified the stage of green fruits as stages of little fruits,young fruits,crepe fruits and round fruits including the three stages of yellow fruits,brown fruits and dry fruits,which were components of the whole fruit development process and phase of Jatropha curcas trees.Biomass measurement indicated that yellow fruit,brown fruit and dry fruit phases only reflected the physical changes with a change of moisture and colour.Further analysis demonstrated that the phases of little fruits,young fruits,crepe fruits belonged to phase I,and the phase of round fruits belonged to phase Ⅱ of fruit development,which implied that the fruit shell developed firstly,and then seeds did,with a characteristic that the length firstly developed,then the width did.Quantity analysis indicated that there appeared three-time multinomial models between fruit and seed development and those models displayed decreased changes in the tail(with the exception of seed width).Additionally,the seed ratio also affected the fruit width and wet weight,without affecting the seed length and width,but influence on the seed depth happened.


Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is an RNA virus and a member of the Closteroviridae, Crinivirus, that is primarily vectored by Bemisia tabaci MED (B. tabaci MED). An outbreak of ToCV causes destructive damage to tomato plants and other solanaceous vegetables. Currently, ToCV has not been effectively controlled. Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-06 is a novel biological agent that is effective at controlling the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). In this study, we investigated the role of PSB-06 in ToCV-infected tomato plants, and we studied the effects of PSB-06 on plant defense and plant photosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, the effect of PSB-06 on the acquisition and transmission of B. tabaci MED was determined. The results showed that compared with water-treated tomato plants, the contents of jasmonic acid increased, and the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased significantly in tomato plants treated with PSB-06. The relative expression of genes involved in chlorophyll development, chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis also increased significantly. Simultaneously, treatment with PSB-06 reduced the acquisition and transmission of B. tabaci MED. We verified the hypothesis that PSB-06 is effective at controlling ToCV by promoting plant defense responses and reducing the amount of ToCV in tomato plants. We also confirmed the ability of B. tabaci MED to transmit ToCV. This study should help to control B. tabaci MED and reduce the spread of ToCV.


The Eastern Division of the ASA has recently inaugurated a policy of including exceptional student work among the papers presented at their annual meeting. The policy provides a number of benefits forall concerned, as was evident at the most recent meeting. One of the two student presentations was that of Carolyn McConnell titled "Errand Into the Gaze: The Radical Possibilities of Postmodern Dance." While the ASA encompasses both theorists and practitioners of the arts, the focus at recent meetings has been on visual and literary forms. Thus, the inclusion of a paper on dance was most welcome.


Hydraulic fracturing is the significant technology for exploiting tight resources. Spontaneous water imbibition is an important mechanism governing the process of hydraulic fracturing, and the water imbibition from the fracture into the matrix is an essential factor that affects the reservoir production performance. In this study, imbibition experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing were combined to analyze fluid flow tight core samples in a pore-scale level. The imbibition experiments were categorized into two systems, the gas/water/rock system and the oil/water/rock system. The NMR measurements were performed at different times for these two systems. The relationship between T2 relaxation time, pore radius, and pore types was established. Theoretical models describing water imbibition into porous media were used to facilitate the interpretation of the experimental results. The results demonstrate that the volume of imbibed water is large during the early imbibition period and that the imb...


Objective. Translate and adapt the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) to Brazilian Portuguese as a measure of balance during gait in stroke patients and determine its validity and reliability based on evidence of its measurement properties. Method. A convenience sample of 45 stroke survivors (average of seven months since diagnosis) was included (mean age: 55 years; 51% women). The instrument under consideration was translated and back-translated. The performance of the FGA was assessed by two raters to determine intrarater and interrater reliability. Concurrent and discriminant validity were investigated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) as well as normal and fast walking speed. Results. No difficulties with the translation were found during the application of the correlation coefficient=0.93) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.90) were almost perfect for the total scores. The reliability of single items was also strong, ranging from 0.74 to 0.95. Concurrent validity with other measures of gait and balance was moderate to substantial. The FGA was correlated (p<0.001) with the BBS (0.71), normal walking speed (0.66), and fast walking speed (0.70). Conclusion. The Brazilian version of the FGA is a reliable, valid instrument for assessing functional gait performance in stroke survivors. y la fiabilidad entre evaluadores (coeficiente de correlación intraclase=0,90) fueron casi perfectos para la puntuación total. La fiabilidad de los artículos individuales también fue fuerte, con un rango de 0,74 a 0,95. La validez concurrente con otras medidas de marcha y equilibrio fue de moderada a sustancial. El AGP mostró una correlación (p<0.001) con el BBS (0.71), la velocidad de caminata normal (0.66) y la velocidad de caminata rápida (0.70). Conclusión. La versión brasileña de la FGA es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar el rendimiento funcional de la marcha en los sobrevivientes de un accidente cerebrovascular.


Definitions of insanity and the treatment of those identified as mentally ill have been more obviously subject to changes in social values and ideas of individual responsibility than any other category of clinically recognised illness. These changes have exercised a significant influence upon the relationship of psychological to physical medicine and, inter alia, the status of psychiatry as a scientific and authoritative source of medical treatment and social labelling. The present trend towards the integration and expansion of psychiatry within general and community medicine has resulted in the increasing involvement of psychiatry in the problems of social life. A wide spectrum of deviant and socially disturbing behaviour, previously considered largely as legal or moral problems, is now seen and treated as a symptom of illness and explained in medical terms.


The coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) is a wave envelope evolution equation applicable to two crossing, narrow-banded wave systems. Modulational instability (MI), a feature of the nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation, is characterized (to first order) by an exponential growth of sideband components and the formation of distinct wave pulses, often containing extreme waves. Linear stability analysis of the CNLSE shows the effect of crossing angle, θ , on MI, and reveals instabilities between 0 ∘ < θ < 35 ∘ , 46 ∘ < θ < 143 ∘ , and 145 ∘ < θ < 180 ∘ . Herein, the modulational stability of crossing wavetrains seeded with symmetrical sidebands is determined experimentally from tests in a circular wave basin. Experiments were carried out at 12 crossing angles between 0 ∘ ≤ θ ≤ 88 ∘ , and strong unidirectional sideband growth was observed. This growth reduced significantly at angles beyond θ ≈ 20 ∘ , reaching complete stability at θ = 30–40 ∘ . We find satisfactory agreement between numerical predictions (using a time-marching CNLSE solver) and experimental measurements for all crossing angles.


At present, car designers put high importance on the modeling design of motorcars, but the design of lorries is omitted. The flow of lorries on speedway is almost as much as design of cars , nevertheless the unreasonable of lorries harm the scene of highway. The designs of the bodywork, the shape, the designs decoration of lorries are very important in order to make them more fashionable.


The species spectrum and abundance of the fungi communities were affected by the soil environment developed by wheat and its forecrops, and by atmospheric conditions. The fungi of the genus Fusarium were the greatest threat to winter wheat regardless of the forecrop. The field bean was the best forecrop to the wheat whereas spring barley was the worst.


The generally accepted current definition of breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) is as follows: "a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs either spontaneously, or in relation to a specific and predictable or unpredictable trigger, despite relatively stable and adequately controlled background pain


Robert Mackenzie (affectionately known as Mack to many of his colleagues) was one of our most eminent and distinguished clay mineralogists and thermal analysts, with an international reputation in both fields that brought him many honours and awards. He was instrumental in developing the Macaulay Institute for Soil Research in Aberdeen as a centre of excellence in soil mineralogy, particularly emphasizing analytical aspects, and played a key role in establishing clay mineralogy as a separate sub-discipline of the mineralogical sciences both in the national and international arenas. He was a pioneer in establishing thermal analysis as an accepted technique to be applied to a wide variety of materials in many different areas of study. He died on 4th July, 2000 following a short period of hospitalization.

Born on 7th May 1920 near the village of Portmahomack on the shores of the Dornoch Firth in the north of Scotland, Robert Mackenzie received his initial education at Tain Royal Academy. He proceeded to the University of Edinburgh where he graduated with first class honours in chemistry in 1942 and quickly gained his PhD in 1944 for studies in the field of gas kinetics. He then chose to take up a post as a soil surveyor at the Macaulay Institute, and although this might seem to have been a rather unusual move for someone whose experience was essentially in experimental science, it did in fact initiate Robert's career along the most fertile and productive lines. At that time, the Macaulay could perhaps best be described as a proto-research institute, with only a handful of scientific staff working in rather basic premises in a converted manor house. But already the staff included two scientists in the persons of Douglas MacEwan and George Walker who would go on to achieve great renown in clay …


As a common way of tourism development in China,the development of tourism in ethic villages exerts an effect on the destinations'social change in recent years.This paper sorts out and sums up the research contents of the Chinese scholars in this field which is based on summary.And it summarizes the tourism development in ethic villages and the social change of the host destination in 5 aspects: the effect that the former gives to the latter,residents'perceptions and attitudes,cultural change,economic change and the sustainable development.At last,the author analyzes the trends from research contents and methods.


S-Band vacuum loads at the SLAC linac are encountering operational problems, now that they have to operate under the stringent requirements of: 50 MW peak power, 6 kW average power, and extremely-tight phase stability for the linac. Failure mechanisms have been studied which suggest an RF surface breakdown of the 200 μm Kanthal layer in original RF loads. Currently there are two approaches for RF load design. The first is based on employing highly resistive materials inside of WR284 waveguide [see SLAC-PUB-15229 or MOPB087 in LINAC12]. An alternative approach is based on using lossy dielectric. This is the approach discussed in this paper. We have proposed a novel solution which incorporates mode conversion from TE10 in rectangular waveguide to TE01 in round waveguide. Lossy material will be placed in the round waveguide, and the selection of the TE01 mode minimizes the electric field normal to the surface of the lossy material. This lossy material in the TE01 round waveguide will be mechanically confined in compression (without brazing), in order to eliminate tensile stresses in the lossy material. The mode converter will be based upon an X-band mode converter invented at SLAC, and the TE01waveguide load design is based upon HOM load designs developed by Muons, Inc. We are presently performing additional materials testing, in preparation for fabrication of a full power prototype load. A TE10 to TE01 SLAC converter design will be fabricate for both cold and hot testing. Operational improvements to the SLAC LCLS linac may require the replacement of all SLAC linac vacuum RF loads. The new design can be scaled for use at other frequencies in a multitude of commercial RF applications.


Intestinal transplantation is an acceptable therapy for children and adults with short bowel syndrome. The great majority of large animal experimental models of intestinal transplantation are complex and take a lot of time to be performed. In this study, we developed an alternative model of intestinal autotransplantation and evaluate the initial impact of isolated hypothermic intestinal perfusion with Ringer's lactate solution on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters. METHODS: Six pentobarbital anesthetized mongrel dogs were used in this study (22,8±1,4 Kg). Systemic hemodynamic were evaluated through a Swan-Ganz and arterial catheters; while gastrointestinal tract perfusion by superior mesenteric vein blood flow (SMVBF, ultrasonic flowprobe) and intestinal mucosal pCO2 (pCO2-int and pCO2-gap, gas tonometry). Initially, the proximal jejunum and distal ileum were transected; at the basis of the mesentery excepting the superior mesenteric artery and vein. The small bowel was then perfused in situ with cold (4oC) Ringer's lactate solution for 30 minutes, with an automatic pump. The animals where observed for 120 minutes after reperfusion. Blood samples were collected from thoracic aorta for gas blood analysis. RESULTS: Hypothermic intestinal perfusion induced a partial reduction on SMVBF, only in the first 30 min of reperfusion (398±102,8 to 587±70,9 ml/min) and an increase on pCO2-gap (2±2,7 to 29,8±6 mmHg). During the experimental protocol, we did not observe significant alterations on systemic hemodynamic or metabolic parameters (MAP, CO, pH, base excess and hemoglobin levels) as well as on central core temperature. CONCLUSION: The model of intestinal transplantation is very useful to test different preservation solutions and/or antioxidants drugs, which are often used in clinical small bowel transplantation.


An Axiomatic Approach to the General Theory of Compounds The aim of this article is to provide a logical reconstruction of the general theory of compounding. The theory formulated here is partly based on the axiomatic approach to general morphology presented in Bańczerowski (1997) and it can be conceived of as its continuation.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — This analysis is based on data from the base- line (1989-1992) and first follow-up (1994-1995) examinations of the Strong Heart Study. The 1,581 diabetic participants included in this analysis were aged 45-74 years at baseline, were diagnosed with diabetes before and at baseline, and had their HbA1 c levels measured at follow- up. HbA1c was used as the index of glycemic control. Characteristics that may affect glycemic c o n t rol were evaluated for cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships by analysis of covari- ance and multiple re g re s s i o n . R E S U LT S — T h e re was no significant diff e rence between median HbA1c at baseline (8.4%) and at follow-up (8.5%). Sex, age (inversely), and insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent ther- apy were significantly related to HbA1 c levels in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analy- ses. Current smoking, prior use of alcohol, and duration of diabetes were significant only for the cross-sectional data. Baseline HbA1 c s i g n i ficantly and positively predicted HbA1 c levels at follow-up. Comparison of HbA1 c by therapy type shows that insulin therapy produced a signifi- cant decrease in HbA1 c between the baseline and follow-up examinations. C O N C L U S I O N S — Glycemic control was poor among diabetic American Indians part i c- ipating in the Strong Heart Study. Women, patients taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, and younger individuals had the worst control of all the participants. Baseline HbA1 c, and weight loss predicted worsening of control, whereas insulin therapy predicted impro v e m e n t in control. Additional therapies and/or approaches are needed to improve glycemic control in this population.


A review of compressibility effects on dynamic stall of pitching airfoils and unsteady separation control by manipulation of unsteady vorticity using a deformable leading edge airfoil design is presented.


Gilbert syndrome (GS) is characterized by intermittent unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without structural liver damage, affecting about 10% of the white population. In GS the UGT1A1*28 variant reduces bilirubin conjugation by 70% and is associated with irinotecan and protease inhibitor side effects. The aim of this study was to characterize potential in vivo consequences of UGT1A gene variability in GS. Three hundred GS patients (UGT1A1*28 homozygous) and 249 healthy blood donors (HBD) were genotyped for UGT1A (UGT1A1*28, UGT1A3‐66 T>C, UGT1A6*3a, UGT1A7*3) and transporter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (SCLO1B1 p.V174A, SCLO1B1 p.N130D, ABCC2 p.I1324I, ABCC2‐24 UTR) using TaqMan‐5′‐nuclease‐assays. A humanized transgenic UGT1A‐SNP and corresponding wildtype mouse model were established carrying the GS‐associated UGT1A variant haplotype. UGT1A transcript and protein expression, and transcriptional activation were studied in vivo. Homozygous UGT1A1*28 GS individuals were simultaneously homozygous for UGT1A3‐66 T>C (91%), UGT1A6*2a (77%), and UGT1A7*3 (77%). Seventy‐six percent of GS and only 9% of HBD were homozygous for the variant haplotype spanning four UGT1A genes. SCLO1B1 and ABCC2 SNPs showed no differences. In transgenic humanized UGT1A SNP and wildtype mice this UGT1A haplotype led to lower UGT1A messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and UGT1A protein synthesis. UGT1A transcriptional activation by dioxin, phenobarbital, and endotoxin was significantly reduced in SNP mice. Conclusion: Our data redefine the genetic basis behind GS. In vivo data studying the genotype present in 76% of GS individuals suggest that transcription and transcriptional activation of glucuronidation genes responsible for conjugation and detoxification is directly affected, leading to lower responsiveness. This study suggests that GS should be considered a potential risk factor for drug toxicity. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;55:1912–1921)


Based on the higher-order nonlinear Schrdinger equation(NLS) that describes the propagation of picosecond optical pulse in optical fibers,we investigate the transmission characteristics of super-Gaussian optical pulse in the dispersion-managed fiber by using FFT split operator method.The transmission stability and interactions between pulses are observed when the random noise is introduced into the super-Gaussian optical pulse.