Monitoring networks are pivotal in energy efficiency environment taking into account that the analyses are carried out based on data. Then, the design and deployment monitoring systems, which ensure data quality, are crucial. Nevertheless, sometimes it is difficult due to the constraints, which are even harder in Smart Cities. Mainly, the costs cannot be afforded in this type of project. In order to solve this issue, the present paper proposes a low cost monitoring system, developed under the European project R2CITIES. In this sense, only a set of dwellings are equipped and, thanks to data-mining techniques, the results are extended to the whole district. Sampling, clustering and aggregation are the three selected techniques that are being applied in the district "4 de marzo" in the city of Valladolid.


ABSTRACT Cracking failure of butt-welded joint of 12Cr1MoV tube was comprehensively studied. Results show that both of initiation and propagation of the primary crack were circumferentially intergranular in the coarse-grained heat affect zone (CGHAZ). Many isolated and intergranular micro-cracks and cavities were observed near the primary crack.Neither oxide or corrosion products were observed in the isolated cavities or micro-cracks. According to the microstructure, location, propagation mode and morphology of the crack,the primary crack in butt-welded joint is concluded to be the intergranular reheating cracking (IRC). The crack failure is mainly due to poor welding quality, characterised by high residual stress and coarsened grain size. Mechanisms on the IRC based on previous laboratory research were studied on the failed tube sample, and results showed that the IRC is accumulation of high-stress induced creep damage, such as cavities along prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs). Neither segregation of alloys elements nor trace impurities were detected.


This paper presents an ozone generator by using a full-bridge inverter for applying in prolonging fruits process. The phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PSPWM) is used in the proposed circuit for adjusting the output power of inverter. In addition, the concentration of ozone will be controlled by adjusting the operating frequency of inverter. In order to prove the mentioned principle, the ozone generator was built and test in laboratory for prolonging mangoes. From the test, the 250 mg/hr of ozone concentration at 24 kHz of switching frequency can prolong the mangoes life satisfyingly more than the other concentrations and the maximum efficiency of inverter is 93.1 %.


These notos are a result of a short tour in the autumn of 1896 through the coastlands north of the Aegean from Xerxes' canal to the Hebrus. Professor W. C. F. Anderson of Firth College, Sheffield, accompanied me. and gave much valuable help. Of the inscriptions which we copied the following seem to be either unknown, or imperfectly published or described, If I have overlooked a previous publication of any of them, I may plead the difficulty of finding out what has or has not been edited. 1. Hierissos (Acanthus): in a wall near the Byzantine gate on the acropolis. Fragment of coarse marble block, 1 foot 11 inches high, 10 inches broad. Letters about 3½ inches. Published by Cousinéry, Voyage dans la Macédoine, t. II., p. 151; by Boeckh, C.I.G. 2007k; and, the epigraphic text only, by Le Bas, No. 1414. I believe that the right half of the stone has been cut away. If so, it is better to read with Cousinéry than with Boeckh. The stone may have marked the boundary of public land. 2. Lympiada: in a wall on the beach. Rough block of granite, 3 feet 3 inches long, 1 foot 7 inches high. Letters 5½ to 3 inches, irregular and much weathered.


Have a policy in place to deal with patients who take your prescription, purchase eyeglasses online, but then come back to your practice for adjustments.


In the arbitrary curvilinear coordinates,intermediate and final production formations of the reverse-flow annular combustor with swirl cup were numerically investigated by the four-step reaction mechanism. The renormalization group (RNG) k-e model,eddy-dissipation model (EDM) and discrete-ordinate method were used to simulate the turbulent viscosity,reaction rate and radiative heat transfer,respectively. The stochastic particle trajectory model was applied to simulation of the droplet trajectories,size and temperature history. Discretization equations were solved with pressure implicit split-operator (PISO) algorithm. The three-dimensional two-phase reacting flow fields and profiles of combustion production were predicted on a non-staggered gird system. Calculations are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. It is shown that the numerical methods and models adopted are reliable and can be used to provide technology support for the optimum design and reducing pollutant emission in the reverse-flow combustor.


Pier No. 8 of Maling River Bridge was constructed by synchronous construction method of pylon and girder, while pier No. 9 was constructed by conventional construction method. In this paper, synchronous construction feasibility is analyzed theoretically by construction simulation computation based on the Maling River Bridge, and its construction control technology is stated.


On September 22–25, 2009, GSECARS hosted the workshop "On-line Brillouin Spectroscopy at GSECARS: Basic Principles and Application for High Pressure Research" at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.


TLR2, TLR6, and TLR10 remain potential candidates for a nonredundant function in marginal zone–like B cells. Of these, TLR2 forms heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6 for recognition of triacyl and diacyl lipopeptides, respectively. TLR10 is thought to recognize lipoteichoic acid, either as a homodimer or a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR2.6 The high expression levels of TLR10 make this a more interesting candidate receptor.1,2 However, the function of TLR10 has not been well established, because it is: (1) not present in the mouse, and (2) fails to activate typical TLR target genes.6 Insights into human T cell– dependent and –independent B-cell responses cannot be straightforwardly translated from mouse models. Mice have a different anatomical make up of their splenic marginal zone and they carry few memory B cells with mutated Ig genes, probably due to their specific-pathogen-free housing. The discovery of various new genetic defects in patients with primary immunodeficiencies has greatly enhanced possibilities to perform in vivo functional analysis of the human immune system. By showing that CD27 IgM IgD , but not CD27 IgDmemory B cells depend on MyD88-IRAK4TIRAP signaling, Weller et al identified the first pathway that is specifically required for these cells.1 Moreover, their results support the concept that pattern recognition receptors can signal for maturation in B cells that are not dependent on cognate T-cell help. Because (for obvious reasons) the authors were unable to directly study patients' spleens, it remains unclear whether the defect in circulating CD27 IgM IgD B cells is the result of impaired responses in the marginal zone. Interestingly, these cells are markedly reduced, but not completely absent, in both CD40and in MyD88/TIRAP/IRAK4-signaling deficient patients.1,3 This could imply that both pathways are required for their homeostatic maintenance, or that in healthy individuals CD27 IgM IgD B cells are a mixture of 2 subsets produced by 2 distinct pathways. In case of the latter, it can be anticipated that T-cell independently– derived memory B cells will display fewer somatic hypermutations and in vivo proliferation.3 Comparative phenotyping or transcription profiling of CD27 IgM IgD B cells in CD40L and MyD88/TIRAP/IRAK4 deficiency could facilitate the identification of novel markers to discriminate these pathways in healthy individuals. In addition to marginal zone responses, the approach of Weller et al can be applied to study TLR signaling in other T cell–independent responses. Recently, it was shown that CD27IgA memory B cells are not dependent on CD40 signaling and display a low replication history, high IgA2 subclass and Ig usage, reminiscent of T cell–independent responses in the human intestinal tract.3 It would be interesting to study whether these cells depend on similar or distinct signaling pathways as CD27 IgM IgD memory B cells. Splenic marginal zone B cells are implicated in the response against encapsulated bacteria. TIRAP-dependent TLR1, TLR2, and TLR10 recognize structures that are typically present in the bacterial cell wall. MyD88/IRAK4/TIRAP-deficient patients suffer from recurrent bacterial infections early in life, but seem to overcome this when growing older.7 It is currently unclear whether the defect in CD27 IgM IgD B cells contributes to the high frequency of infections, but the reduction of infection with older ages suggest that these patients develop (CD27 IgD-) B-cell memory. Furthermore, recurrent bacterial infections in patients with an antibody deficiency are not reported to result from a specific defect in CD27 IgM IgD B cells. Rather, these patients display defects in both CD27 IgM IgD and CD27 IgD-, or only CD27 IgDB cells.8 Thus, further studies are required to assess the nonredundant role of CD27 IgM IgD B cells in human immunity. Besides inherited defects that impair TLR signaling, somatic mutations in MyD88 have recently been identified that constitutively activate MyD88-dependent signaling in lymphomas. Interestingly, these mutations have been identified in marginal zone lymphomas,9 as well as in germinal center B-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.10 Constitutive MyD88-dependent signaling in these lymphomas is critical for their survival.10 However, Weller et al here show a differential requirement of CD27 IgM IgD and CD27 IgDB cells on TLR signaling.1 This concept is important for further studies on T cell–independent B-cell activation, circulating marginal zone–like B cells, and human TLR10 function. Insights into these processes have direct implications for diagnosis and treatment of patients with immunodeficiencies or B-cell malignancies. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The author declares no competing financial interests. ■


This paper proposes a real-time coplanar Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curves fitting in CAD/CAM system to improve the fitting quality and reduce the calculation effort. The real-time NURBS curve fitting process consists of (1) the reading discrete points, (2) curve segmentation and data reshaping, (3) curve fitting, and (4) local and global modulation. According to the simulation and experimental results, the proposed approach certainly raises the fitting quality and the efficiency of calculation.


Recently, many Koreans have started to consume aged kimchi fermented long-term at low temperatures. In the present study, the effect of low temperature () on pH, titratable acidity (TA), organic acid level, viable microbial cell count, amino acid concentration, and polygalacturonase activity (PG) during long-term fermentation (46 weeks) of kimchi, were evaluated. After 10 weeks of fermentation, kimchi had a pH of 4.1 and a TA of 1.0%, respectively after 46 weeks fermentation, these values were 3.9 and 1.3%, respectively. Lactic acid, the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid, and the ratio of Lactobacillus species/Leuconostoc species in kimchi increased as fermentation progressed from 10 weeks to 46 weeks. However, total viable cell counts of aerobic bacteria, yeasts, Lactobacillus species, and Leuconostoc species, free amino acid levels, and PG decreased as the fermentation period was extended from 10 weeks to 46 weeks.


A 41-year-old man, without previous cardiological history, presented at the emergency department with hypotension and multi-organ failure. Laboratory testing showed elevated white cell blood count (16780/mcL; normal value 4000-11000/mcL; 90% neutrophils), high-sensibility troponin I (23247 ng/L; normal value <18 ng/L) and NT-pro-BNP (21914 pg/mL; normal value <300 pg/mL). At electrocardiogram (EKG) there was sinus rhythm with complete atrioventricular block and alternating right and left bundle branch block. Echocardiography revealed a moderate left ventricular (LV) dilatation, mild LV hypertrophy, severe biventricular dysfunction (LV Ejection Fraction - EF - 30%) with dense spontaneous echo contrast and moderate pulmonary hypertension (systolic pulmonary artery pressure 51 mmHg). After positioning a temporary pacemaker, the patient was transferred to our Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.
 After initial hemodynamic stabilization with endovenous inotropes, diuretics, and mechanical circulatory support (intra-aortic balloon pump), coronary angiography was performed showing normal coronary arteries.
 Since fulminant myocarditis was suspected and magnetic resonance was not feasible due to the patient's instability, an endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed with the evidence of myocardial edema, initial myocardial fibrosis, and the concomitant presence of lymphocytic and eosinophilic endo-myocarditis (despite normal eosinophilic blood count) without evidence of active viral replication.
 After careful exclusion of latent or active infections, high doses of corticosteroids and azathioprine were initiated, with rapid laboratoristic and clinical response. EKG showed AV block regression and QRS width's normalization, so the pacemaker was removed. LVEF rapidly improved and was completely normalized at discharge after two weeks.
 In the early follow-up, a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed with evidence of persistency of mildly dilated LV, normalization of LV wall thickness and biventricular function, a diffuse increase of T1 relaxation time, increased T2 signal of the anterior and septal walls, and intramural anteroseptal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).
 Fulminant myocarditis is a rare presentation of acute myocarditis, with low incidence but high mortality. The inflammation of the myocardium itself leads to acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrhythmias, including sinus arrest, AV block, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation during the acute phase.
 In our case, AV block could be an expression of anteroseptal involvement, documented at CMR. This localization has already been associated with worse clinical presentation and could be a marker of poor prognosis.
 Diagnosis and treatment of fulminant myocarditis require EMB, to obtain information about the etiology and active viral replication in the heart tissue. In our case, the florid inflammatory state and the absence of viral replication allowed prompt treatment with immunosuppressors, with a quick and full recovery of biventricular function in only two weeks.


The signaling model of Spence (1973a) and the screening model of Rothchild and Stiglitz (1976) have been separately used to explain economic phenomena when there is asymmetric information. In the real world, however, situations of asymmetric information often simultaneously involve signaling and screening. In this paper, we combine signaling and screening mechanisms and demonstrate a signaling-screening separating equilibrium. We present the analysis within the framework of mortgage markets. Borrowers signal their default risk types to lenders by acquiring different credit records. This partially separates borrowers into subsets. Lenders screen each subset by offering menus of mortgage loan contracts. Borrowers, then, self-select by choosing particular contracts from the menu. We show the conditions under which the signaling-screening equilibrium is Pareto superior to a screening-only equilibrium.


Three new species of Couratari are described. Couratari scottmorii from San Biás, Panama and Costa Rica and C. asterotricha from southeastern Brazil are closely related to C. stellata and C. pyramidata. Couratari scottmorii is another example of the close relationship between the forests of Panama and those of the Guianas. Couratari sandwithii from Venezuela and Suriname belongs to the C. multiflora species complex.


Based on two water hammer experiments, a method of judging two water column separations in a pipeline and calculating the boosting pressure are put forward. By using the momentum theorem and the elastic water column theory of water hammer calculation, the calculation formula of the heave pressure in the case of equal and unequal water column velocities at both ends of the cavity is deduced.


AbstractSeveral state DOTs utilize the statistics presented in the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)'s version of the traffic monitoring guide (TMG) to conduct weigh-in-motion (WIM) data quality checks for DARWin-ME traffic load spectra data preparation. Because the data check statistics in the guide were originally developed in the early 1990s, there is a need to reexamine its continuing use in up-to-date truck traffic streams. This paper aims to validate the TMG data check algorithms using WIM data from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) special pavement study (SPS) traffic pooled-fund study. Cluster analysis is performed to identify similar traffic patterns, and the statistical summary for each data check criterion is obtained. Subsequently, the statistics based on the pooled fund data are compared to those recommended in the TMG. The results of the paper conclude that the data check criteria in the TMG guide are still valid for most of the sites; however, users should be alert that the guid...


Introduction Despite improved access to modern contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the region has the highest fertility rate. Although modern contraceptive usage and its determinants in SSA have been assessed, most authors were not guided by behavioral change theories. This study sought to assess the modern contraceptive coverage in SSA and identify the theory-based determinants that need to be considered in demand creation interventions. Methods Data was obtained from the most recent demographic and health surveys conducted across 37 countries in SSA . Estimates of country-specific and pooled Regional modern contraceptive coverage were generated from 501,324 responses. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between modern contraceptive use and determinants selected based on the Health Belief and Social-Ecological behavior change models. Results Modern contraceptive coverage in SSA was 22.26% (95% CI: 17.91, 26.60) . The health belief model determinants of modern contraceptive use included last birth by caesarian section (AOR=1.44, 95% CI:1.31,1.59), hearing of family planning at the health facility (AOR=1.18, 95% CI:1.12,1.24), or from at least one media source, being able to negotiate condom use (AOR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.55,1.76), and having a previous terminated pregnancy (AOR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.81). The social ecological model determinants of modern contraceptive use included being above 24 years, having at least primary education, non-urgent need for a last child, and being involved in decision-making concerning personal health (AOR=1.81,95% CI:1.71,1.92). Discussion Modern contraceptive coverage in SSA is low. Age, educational status, past obstetric history, exposure to family planning information, ability to negotiate condom use or make personal health-related decisions, and the need for a child were the determinants for modern contraceptive use in the region. Countries need to develop context-specific interventions considering these determinants to help improve coverage and reduce the poor maternal and child health outcomes and the developmental gaps resulting from unplanned pregnancies.


. Growth and survival response of Penaeus stylirostris (Stimpson) to fertilization, pelleted feeding and stocking density were analysed for the conditions prevailing on the Baja California peninsula (Mexico). Three 0·25-ha earthen ponds were longitudinally divided in half with mesh structures. One half received inorganic fertilization (trial F) and the other supplementary feeding using a pelletized ration (trial PF). The initial stocking rates were approximately 5, 10 and 15 PL5/m2 in both trials. After 210 days, final mean weights ranged from 15·0 to 5·3g and survival from 48·6 to 17·8%. Growth and survival were analysed by means of a reparameterization of the von Bertalanffy's growth model and the exponential mortality equation. Results indicated that: (1) final mean weight was dependent on density in both trials (P < 0·01) although growth rate was only affected in trial PF (P < 0·01); (2) pelleted feeding produced both greater final mean weight and increased growth rate at densities higher than 5 PL/m2 (P < 0·005); (3) the ratio tail weight/total weight was influenced by density in trial F (P < 0·015); (4) the mortality equation served to explain differences in survival to a limited extent. An increase in growth rate after 170 days occurring at the intermediate density in trial PF was attributed to an increase in mortality, which allowed the remaining individuals to attain larger sizes. Further research to increase biomass yields should focus on the optimization of pond depth, the supply of vigorous post-larvae and on the possible influences of seasonal variations of planktonic communities of the lagoons on the productivity of ponds.


The concentration dependence of the 7Li and 2H relaxation rates in aqueous lithium chloride solutions gives insight into the structure of this electrolyte solution. An abrupt change in the relaxation rates at a concentration which we call the "break point" indicates that the solutions have a different structure above and below this break‐point concentration. Below the break point, the evidence suggests that the Li+ ion is surrounded by a symmetric hydration "complex," where the lithium–oxygen nuclear separation is approximately 1.74 A.


Developed a system to do end of line test of vehicle which can identify automatically the type of ECU, TCU,IMMO, SRS and ABS, then do the diagnosis, read real time data and perform the test of actuator of all the Electric Control Unit mounted on the vehicle. The software of the system is programmed with LabVIEW, a graphic language with Virtual Instrumentation technology. The application on production line of vehicle make it a means to justify the quality of the electronic part before leaving factory and giving statistics of the vehicle state.


Aim. To analyze the literature data devoted to the study of the features of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGID) during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection.Key findings. Measures taken in connection with the pandemic of COVID-19 infection (introduction of lockdown, social isolation) leads to an increase in the level of depression and anxiety and, as a consequence, to an increase in the frequency and prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), as well as an increase in the severity of clinical symptoms of these diseases. In turn, the overcoming of COVID-19 infection contributes to an increase in the permeability of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and the occurrence of its inflammatory changes, which lead to the development of postinfectious (postcovid) FD and postinfectious (postcovid) IBS.Conclusion. The problem of functional gastrointestinal diseases during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection is very important and requires further research.


Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) represents a Global epidemic. There is not much documented evidence regarding the profile of arrhythmias in the present population of Shimoga. Hence the purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and profile of cardiac Arrhythmias in AMI in the first week of hospitalization in a tertiary care hospital in shimoga, karnataka. Material and Methods: 100 patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) admitted to ICCU of Mc Gann Hospital from April 2015 to June 2015 were studied. The first electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded at the earliest after admission, subsequently at four hourly interval on first day, daily for the duration of stay and as & when needed, cardiac enzymes and 2D echocardiography were done to confirm MI. Result: The mean age was 52.914  13.19 years with male to female ratio being 2.9:1. Incidence of arrhythmias was 89%, majority (67%) of arrhythmias occurred during first 24 hours. Sinus tachycardia (48%), ventricular premature beats (VPCs) (24%), Sinus bradycardia (22%) and atrial premature complexes (15%) were common arrhythmias encountered in study. Atrioventricular blocks (93.4%) were more common in inferior wall infarctions. Arrhythmias were documented in 90.91% of anterior wall MIs, 83.33% of inferior wall MIs and 100% of combined (anterior and inferior) MIs. Conclusion: Our observations confirmed the differences in the occurrence of arrhythmias in different setup and locality and need for individualization of management protocol in different setup.


This paper presents a visualization technique for multidimensional datasets containing real and categorical variables. Supposing multidimensional datasets containing real and categorical values, this technique displays a set of axes corresponding to the dimensions of real values. The technique evenly divides the axes into several ranges and displays component bar charts there. It brightly draws the component bar charts if association rules are applied at the corresponding ranges of the dimensions of real values. As a result, this technique highlights association rules so that users can discover important relationships between real and categorical variables in multidimensional datasets. This paper introduces an application of the presented technique to painting image collections. This application visualizes image features and categorical information of painting images and provides a user interface to browse the painting images associated with the multidimensional values. This paper also introduces user evaluation results of the user interfaces for painting image collections.


This paper addresses the detection of faults in Air Intake Systems (AIS) of SI gasoline engines based on realtime measurements. It presents comparison of two classes of models for fault detection, namely those using a Mean Value EngineModel (MVEM) involving variables averaged over cycles andWithin Cycle Crank-angle-based Model (WCCM) involving instantaneous values of variables changing with crank angle. Numerical simulation results of intake manifold leak and mass air flow sensor gain faults, obtained using the industry standard software called AMESimTM, have been used to demonstrate the fault detection capabilities of individual approaches. Based on these results it is clear that the method using WCCM has a higher fault detection sensitivity compared to one that uses MVEM, albeit at the expense of increased computational and modeling complexity.


Endovascular peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary revascularization technique used for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Yet, there is limited understanding of long‐term outcomes of PVI among women versus men. In this study, our objective was to investigate sex differences in the long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing PVI.


Morinda citrifolia (Noni) has been traditionally used for bone and wound healing. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Morinda citrifolia leaves on experimental wounds and lipid peroxide levels in rats. Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Morinda citrifolia (200 mg/kg) on excision, resutured incision and dead space wound models were studied. Changes in blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological studies were also carried out. There was a significant increase (p<0.0001) in wound contraction rate, tensile strength, granuloma breaking strength, collagen content, dry granuloma weight (p<0.01) and hydroxyproline content. A significant decrease (p<0.0001) in epithelialisation period and MDA levels in Morinda citrifolia leaf extract treated group were observed when compared to control group. From the results, it may be concluded that the M. citrifolia aqueous leaves enhances the wound healing and possess antioxidant activity.


Context: The prevalence of autonomic neuropathy in alcoholic liver disease and its correlation with severity of liver disease is not known in Manipur population. Aims: The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease and to determine the degree of severity of alcoholic liver disease by Child–Turcotte-Pugh scoring and its correlation with autonomic profile. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study involving eighty adult patients with chronic alcoholic liver attending Medicine out patient's Department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Imphal, from October 2011 to September 2013. Subjects and Methods: Autonomic profile included a preformed questionnaire and five autonomic function tests (3 parasympathetic and 2 sympathetic). Parasympathetic tests (heart rate variation to [1] deep and slow breathing, [2] Valsalva maneuver, and [3] standing) and sympathetic tests (blood pressure response to [1] postural change and [2] sustained isometric hand grip) were performed. Autonomic neuropathy detected was graded as normal, early, definite, severe, and atypical. Results: Autonomic dysfunction was observed in 58 (72.5%) patients (early 30 [37.5%], definite 10 [12.5%], severe 18 [22.5%], normal 22 [27.5%]). Heart rate response to standing (30:15 ratio) was the most altered parasympathetic test in 39 (67.2%). The parameters that correlated with the severity of autonomic dysfunction were Child–Pugh scoring (P = 0.000), platelet count (P = 0.000, cirrhosis (P = 0.001), varices (P = 0.02), and portal hypertension (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Screening of alcoholic liver disease patients with autonomic function tests directly correlated with the severity of alcoholic liver disease. Autonomic tests should be a part of patient work in alcoholic liver disease so that early intervention can be performed.


Mass customization increasingly attracts the attention of academia and practice. It is a business strategy that aims to join the benefits of custom manufacturing and efficiency. The successful implementation of mass customization largely depends on the perfect understanding of customer needs and preferences. Therefore, the IMCM in 2006 seeks to advance the scientific discussion in the fields of customer interaction and integration. The scope of the customer involvement gen erally goes beyond the fulfillment of individual customer requirements within a given mass cus tomization framework. Customer input should be exploited in order to support critical decisions concerning the design and adaptation of future frameworks. The goal-oriented use of customer knowledge makes it possible for companies to continuously align their capabilities with changing customer requirements.


The city of Naples, one of the major urban centers of Southern Italy, is located along the coastline at about 200 kin South of Rome. The city was founded in VII century b.C. It is characterized by an endless city planning continuity and so it is difficult to trace its regular urban development. Monitoring the urban changes the researchers of IIA-CNR used multispectral images by MIVIS sensor. MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) airborne hyperspectral sensors is a modular instrument composed of 4 spectrometers, which simultaneously collect radiation coming from the Earth's surface in 102 bands (Visible, Near-InfraRed, Mid-InfraRed and Therm al-InfraRed). The MIVIS hyperspectral data, covering the Naples city were collected during two airborne campaigns carried out: on November 7th 1995, 10:00 (local time), at an altitude of 1500 m. a.s.l., thus achieving a ground resolution of 3 m/pixels and on July 21st 2004, 11:00 (local time) at an altitude of 2500 m. a.s.l. (5 m/pixel ground resolution). Monitoring the harbor zone a new airborne campaign carried out on August 25th 2004, 10:00 (local time), at an altitude of 1500 m. a.s.l., a ground resolution of 3 m/pixels. Our aim is to investigate, to detect and map the dynamic evolutions (buildings, roads, vegetation, and harbour zone) that have been occurred to the landforms. To highlight the urban changes identified in the MIVIS images, caused to natural and anthropogenic factors at various temporal and spatial scales, different hyperspectral data processing procedures were used.


Autonomous mobile robots developed using metaheuristic algorithms are increasingly becoming a hot topic in control and computer sciences. Specifically, finding the shortest root to the goal and avoiding hurdles are current subjects of autonomous mobile robots. The main drawbacks of classic methods are the incapacity to move the robot in a dynamic and unknown environment, deadlock in a local minimum and complicated environments, and incapacity to foretell the speed vector of obstacles and non-optimality of the route. This article exhibits a recent path planning approach that utilizes the African Vultures Optimization (AVOA) for navigation of the mobile robot in static and dynamic unknown environments with a dynamic target. The proposed online optimization approach is used in three different environments including an environment with unknown static obstacles, an environment with unknown dynamic obstacles, and an environment with a dynamic target. The proposed approach can solve a local minima problem in the environment with static obstacles. The online optimization method is performed using two phases which are the sensors' reading phase and the path calculation phase and the results are given based on computer simulation in different unknown environments. A comparative study was conducted between the suggested algorithm and two other algorithms and the results showed that the AVOA algorithm was better in avoiding obstacles successfully including the local minima situation. Finally, the average enhancement rates in the path length compared with the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) and the Hybrid Fuzzy-Wind Driven Optimization (WDO) are 2.21% and 1.02207%, respectively.


This article provides the most thorough exposition to date of actual trends in early expectation and judicial decision that are relevant to whether the people, Congress, the President, and the states are bound by customary international law and whether the law of nations is part of the laws of the United States and, therefore, has a constitutional base. Customary international law has been used directly and indirectly for interpretive purposes in numerous federal and state cases. Importantly, the fact that the people are bound by customary international law and the federal government is one of delegated powers requires recognition that the people could not transfer to Congress of the federal executive an authority to violate the customary law of nations. As the article demonstrates, several Founders and Framers shared that recognition.


Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during general anesthesia has always been a serious problem. Morbidity and mortality depend on the volume and acidity of the aspirated material. The anesthetic agent itself might affect gastric acid secretion. The effect of halothane (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg intravenously) on HCl secretion and cAMP content of gastric juice in pyloric and cardiac ligated male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. Compared with the control group, halothane significantly increased both HCl secretion and cAMP content of gastric juice, but to a lesser degree at the higher doses (p less than 0.05).


The IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) is often used for tracking changes in axial length (AL) in myopic progression. The number of measurements for AL values reported in the literature varies from 3 to 20. We performed a prospective analysis to determine the fewest number of measurements to obtain a measurement error (ME) of ≤ 0.04mm and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of ≤ 0.04mm, or approximately 0.125 Diopters (D). Purpose


Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr is a multipurpose plant, its main product is sugar palm saps containing sugar collected by tapping the male inflorescence. The aim of the research is to evaluate the morphological characteristics, productivity, and quality of saps from three levels of tapping age (early, mid, and final tapping). The results showed that the morphological characteristics at three age levels of tapping have a high diversity in morphological variables (plant height, stem circumference, number of leaves, and number of female inflorescence). The productivity component of palm saps can be described as follows: tapping period between 15-214 days; morning saps volume between 41.30-1511 l/inflorescence; afternoon saps volume between 34.80-1139 l/inflorescence; total saps volume between 76.10-2650 l/inflorescence; morning saps discharge between 0.20-0.96 liter/inflorescence/hour; afternoon saps discharge between 0.23-0.67 l/inflorescence/hour; and productivity of saps between 4.47-14.62 l/inflorescence/day. The volume productivity of the sap at the initial tapping age level is relatively low (between 323.00-614.20 l/inflorescence), increase at the mid tapping age (between 570.20-2 650.00 l/inflorescence), and decrease at the final tapping age (between 76.10-445.00 l/inflorescence). The quality of palm saps are: total soluble solids between 11.00-16.80%, pH of saps between 7.00-7.10, and sugar content between 8.09-13.52%.


A one-dimensional, numerical model describing the fate and vertical transport of oil spilled on the surface of a water body is presented. The model simulates the movement of oil through a control volume that extends the full thickness of the water column. The model includes the processes of emulsification, dissolution, and biodegradation of the oil in the water column. Vertical forces (weight, buoyancy, and drag) on an individual oil droplet are also included. The time-dependent release of oil droplets from the sea surface into the water column, controlled by the energy dissipated at the sea surface by waves and other parameters, is modeled stochastically. Droplets may change density and/or size due to emulsification, dissolution, and biodegradation once introduced to the water column. Collision with suspended solids may cause droplets to fall to the seafloor, this motion being resisted by the buoyant and drag forces. The model provides a description of the fraction of oil present in each phase or region of the model: on the surface, at the seafloor, or dissolved, suspended or biodegraded in the water column. A hypothetical case study is presented illustrating application of the model and the influence of the application of a chemical dispersant. This example shows that the fraction of oil reaching the seafloor may increase significantly when chemical dispersants are used. The findings of this study can be refined provided site data are available to better describe the processes affecting the modeled oil droplets. Extension to twoor three-dimensions is also feasible, introducing the processes of advection and dispersion.


The development of new devices using available and low cost materials may be an useful alternative for the treatment of long bone fractures in large animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical strength of young bovine femur with diaphyseal fracture fixed with different polymeric intramedullary nails. Bending and compression tests using a universal machine were carried out in 4 distinct groups of 6 femurs from young calves. In one of the groups bones were intact while in the other three fractured bones were fixed using an intramedullary nail made of polypropylene, polyacetal or polyamide (one for each group). Considering bending and compression tests together, none of the used polymers offered strength to the fractured bones similar to the intact ones. The agreement of this findings with those from previous published in vivo results indicates that the employed ex vivo methods for mechanical assays may be useful in the search of stronger materials to be used in development of new devices.


Co-locating services has become a common solution to the many longstanding challenges of service access and provision in rural areas. Rural service hubs – which offer two or more services at the same outlet – take many forms, typically responding to triggers for social innovation. Despite their growing ubiquity, however, rural service hubs have been little studied in comparative perspective. This article shifts the lens on service hubs from place-based solutions towards a broader, multi-scalar and multi-level perspective on rural connectivity. We propose a five dimension conceptual framework in contribution to the emerging theorisation of nexogenous rural development a model for resourceful reconnection beyond place and across rural–urban space. Drawing on examples from Austria, Finland and Wales, we illustrate how diverse service hub models mobilise social innovation, networks, scale and proximity to support service access and provision.


A 57-year-old female presented at the emergency room with acute onset aphasia but unremarkable cCT (incl. angiography and perfusion). Suspecting an ischemic stroke, she received thrombolysis with quick recovery of aphasia. Afterwards, myoclonic jerks of the face and right arm occurred leading to anticonvulsant therapy. Follow-up cMRI surprisingly demonstrated swollen T2w-hyperintense and Gd-enhancing left limbic, temporal and frontal lobes. Suspected herpes-simplex-encephalitis was treated with aciclovir despite unremarkable CSF results (no pleocytosis, no BBB disruption, negative HSV-PCR) on day 2 and follow-up (day 5). Due to persisting cognitive deficits, autoimmune limbic encephalitis was suspected, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was added. Three weeks later, she experienced new neurological symptoms (weakness, blurred vision, vomiting, headache). Follow-up brain MRI demonstrated a massive increase of multifocal Gd-enhancing lesions. Partial resection revealed the diagnosis of an IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GB). Next generation oncogene panel testing demonstrated a GOPC-ROS1 fusion which is rarely found in GB. Due to the gliomatosis-like infiltration of both hemispheres, radiotherapy was deemed to be too toxic. Instead, she received two cycles of lomustine in absence of a MGMT-promotor methylation. Two months later cMRI showed a symptomatic second multilocular progression. 2nd-line therapy with a ROS-inhibitor was rejected, whereupon she died five weeks later. Our case is in several aspects peculiar: It demonstrates that rare GB-mimics (i.e. HSV- and autoimmune limbic encephalitis) can only be ruled out in a fast manner by brain biopsy. Watchful waiting may neglect fast progression of GB leading to the inability to provide optimal treatment (i.e. radiotherapy). Thrombolysis is strictly contraindicated in primary brain tumors, but was unharmful in our case most probably to the early tumor stage without relevant neoangiogenesis. Rare genetic abnormalities like ROS1-fusions which are reported mostly in childhood glioblastoma may be present and serve as a therapeutic target also in adult GB.


The aim is to develop the capability to prepare reserve components for the air force in order to double the strength of the Indonesian Air Force in the context of national defense, this is based on the request of the Ministry of Defense to procure 500 personnel of Komcad every year. However, the implementation in the field is still not well organized and correct. This writing is done by using descriptive analysis method that describes the data and facts. Results To support the procurement of Komcad so that it can run well as expected with the Development of Capability for Preparation of Air Force Reserve Components at the Center for Aerospace Potential (Puspotdirga), it is necessary to have a strategy, namely an organizational change strategy and a Puslatpotdirga Development Plan.


Our research focuses on the study of HIV cell dynamics in healthy bodies and the immune response. Our goal is to create a mathematical system that models the dynamics between the immune system's CTL cells and HIV with the complications of time delay between infection and response. The expansion of the model allows our method to reflect a more realistic biological system. Varying the parameters in the simulations within the system will help us understand and predict the behavior of the CTL response and the potential viral long-term nonprogression.


This test operated on an s195 diesel engine. The test results showed that the stability of n-carbons alcohol diesel was better than ethanol-diesel fuel. As mixed proportion raised, the stability was worse. The fuel consumption rates of hybrid fuels was higher than pure diesel fuels. The n-carbons alcohol diesel was better among them. But by the increaseing of load, the gap between them droped. The mixed fuels in larger conditions remained low range of CO emissions. Small proportion of the n-carbons alcohol and ethanol-diesel was favorable on HC emissions. In most of the conditions, NOx emissions of the hybrid fuels were lower than the pure diesel fuels, and the n-carbons alcohol diesel was better among them. Soot emissions of hybrid fuels were lower than the pure diesel, too. And the n-carbons alcohol diesel was better among them. either.


Pb2BiS2I3 (I), Sn2BiS2I3 (II), and Sn2BiSI5 (III) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of PbS and BiI3 for (I) (silica tube, 500 °C, 72 h; ≈90% yield) and from a 2:1:2:3.15 molar mixture of Sn, Bi, S, and I2 for mainly (II) and minor amounts of (III) (evacuated silica tubes, 500 °C, 24 h).


At every stage of urbanisation, monumental buildings have been employed as hegemonic symbols by the dominant social class. Beyond their use value and exchange value, such buildings acquire symbolic value as signifiers of status and power. They provide a medium through which the dominant class can express its collective authority, and individuals within that class can compete for supremacy. Hegemonic buildings exert a disproportionate influence on urbanisation, acting as catalysts for more extensive swathes of building investment and surviving long after most of that investment has been destroyed. Under capitalism, hegemonic buildings, like all buildings, have become commodified; their symbolic value as well as their use value has become a tradeable commodity The expected return from investing in such a building thus includes a 'hegemonic premium', the return on the symbolic capital invested in it. Competition amongst investors in hegemonic buildings such as office towers leads to over-accumulation, with more buildings produced than there are occupiers willing and able to fill them. This, in turn, leads to the devaluation of capital and the acceleration of obsolescence, as buildings become economically obsolete long before they reach the end of their physical life.


The present study was focused on the characterization of the biocenotic diversity of saprotrophic fungi, taking into account the impact of various treatment systems and technological stages as well as the physicochemical properties of wastewater. The biodegradation potential, the hazard posed to humans, animals, and the environment, and the effectiveness of elimination of propagules were evaluated. The most effective elimination of fungal propagules was recorded in hybrid constructed wetland systems with horizontal (HF-CW) and vertical (VF-CW) wastewater flow, especially in the VF-HF objects. The fungal communities present in wastewater from small constructed wetland (CW) and wastewater stabilization ponds (WSP) were dominated by ubiquitous terrestrial molds accompanied by a minimal number of yeasts. The similarity of the species composition of the fungal communities between the treatment plants was generally low, whereas the species diversity together with the population size was very high at the various stages of wastewater treatment. Species with potential pathogenicity to humans and animals accounted for over 45%, i.e., were classified as BioSafety Level 1 and 2 (BSL-1 and BSL-2 groups), and potentially phytopathogenic fungi represented 31.5% of the mycobiota species composition. The dynamics of fungal growth were correlated with the content of organic pollutants and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and with oxygen deficiency. The accumulation of nitrates corresponded to the decline in the frequency of fungi in treated wastewater. The lowest efficiency of the removal of fungi was exhibited by the biological wastewater stabilization ponds.


Objective To establish a method to investigate micronuclei (MN) and gene mutation at the heterozygous thymidine kinase (tk) locus induced by environmental mutagens in TK6 human lymphoblastiod cells. Methods TK6 cells were used to detect cytotoxic response, MN and mutation frequency at tk locus induced by cyclophosphomide (CP) after treatment with S9 mixture for 4 h. Results Exposure to CP for 4 h decreased relative survival (RS), induced both MN and TK mutation in a concetration-dependent manner. The maximum induction of MN and TK mutations were 8.8 and 15.7 times compared with those of control. Two distinct phenotypic colonies of TK mutants were generated, namely tk-NG and tk-SG mutant colonies but mainly the latter. Conclusion CP induced both MN and TK mutation in TK6 cells. TK6 cells can be used as an in vitro assay system to assess cytogenetic damage and gene mutation at tk locus of environmental chemicals.


This will be second of the last two volumes of the Journal of Professional Services Marketing for which I will act as Editor. I will also be ending my tenure as Senior Editor of the Marketing & Management Series which specifically includes the Marketing Resources Book Series, and the other four Journals I have edited part-time since 1982: Health Marketing Quarterly, Journal of Hospital Marketing, Journal of Customer Service in Marketing & Management, and formerly, the Journal of Marketing for Mental Health. It is a great time for a change as I allocate more time to my main strategic consulting activities and other professional and personal interests and endeavors. It is time for me to expand my horizons and for the Marketing Series at Haworth to have some new people become associated and involved with the journals and books. Since 1982, I have had the wonderful opportunity with The Haworth Press to have played a key role in developing and editing five journals, working with dozens of talented editors with the creation of new marketing journals, and publishing a very large number of books in health care, marketing, and management areas. It has been a great learning experience and I hope I have contributed in a number of ways to the success of some of these projects.


AIM:To determine the contents of icariin,psoralen and isopsoralenin in Xianling Gubao Dripping Pill(Epimedii Folium,Psoraleae Fructus,Dipsaci Radix,etc.) by RP-HPLC.METHODS: The chromatographic column was Kromasil-C18 with methanol-1.5% acetic acid solution(55 ∶ 45) as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was set at 246 nm and flow rate was 0.8 mL/min.The column temperature was 30 ℃.RESULTS: Icariin,psoralen and isopsoralenin were separated with a good linearity in the sample size ranges of 0.523-4.184 μg for icariin,60.8-486.4 ng for psoralen,and 47.2-377.6 ng for isoicariin.The average recoveries for the three constituents were all within 97%-99%,with RSD all less than 2.6%.CONCLUSION: The method is simple,feasible and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of Xianling Gubao Dripping Pill.


The purpose of this study was to develop a technique for differentiating between recurrent brain tumors and treatment‐related changes, such as radiation necrosis, using dynamic MRI. Ninety‐five patients with intracranial mass lesions were evaluated using T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (FSE) MRI at 1.5 T. Pathologies included treatment‐related changes (n = 32), primary tumors (n = 41), metastatic tumors (n = 5), meningiomas (n = 4), and mixed primary/treatment related changes (n = 13). Signal enhancement‐time curves were analyzed by fitting to a sigmoidal‐exponential function. Maximal enhancement rates were calculated as the first derivative of the fitted curve. Based on the maximal enhancement rates, treatment‐related changes could be differentiated from primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and meningiomas at the P < .05 confidence level. Lesions of mixed tumor and treatment‐related change had intermediate values. Dynamic MRI can be used to differentiate treatment‐related changes from primary tumors in previously treated patient populations based on maximal enhancement rates. Individual case studies demonstrate the clinical significance of these findings.


The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or differentiated adipocytes were treated with 0.1,1.0,10.0 μg/mL yolk antibody against adipocyte plasma membranes(AIgY) for 12,24,48 or 72 hours respectively.The proliferation activity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was examined by MTT spectrophotometry.The degree of adipogenesis was measured by Oil Red O staining extraction assay.Complement-mediated cytotoxicity of adipocytes was determined through leakage rate of LDH(lactate dehydrogenase),while apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining.The proliferation activity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipogenesis of adipocytes were substantially decreased by the treatment with AIgY but complement-mediated cytotoxicity was not observed.Cytoplasmic fat content was reduced significantly.Apoptotic peak and typical morphological changes in apoptosis could be observed in cells exposed to 0.1,1.0,10.0 μg/mL yolk antibody against adipocyte plasma membranes for 48 h,and apoptotic rate determined by flow cytometry was significantly higher than that in control groups in a dose-related manner(P0.01).These results showed that the yolk antibody against adipocyte plasma membranes could inhibit the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,affect adipogenesis of adipocyes and induce the apoptosis of adipocytes.The apoptotic indexes were dependent on the concentration.


The aim of this thesis is to provide concerns on reading classics and moral education through Zhu Xi's moral philosophy which carries with characteristic of "epistemology", in order to response to the impact of modern science and technology on modern people. Zhu Xi's theory of "Respect, concervation and Gezhi" follows Chen Yi's thinking. He combines the reflective study of followers' of Cheng school , advocates "Ming- li", a physical to metaphysical ,"Ju-jing"and"Qiong-li"and focuses on Zhi (智) 's analysis. He has deep realization of desire and "Qi-bin(氣稟)"which is human beings' natural temperament. Yet, in Mou Zongsan's study of modern Confucianism interpretation, Zhu Xi's study which is contrary to the education of Xin established by Lu Jiuyuan, is categorized a secondary study which lack the possible transcendence of moral practice. This thesis tries to find a new way of interpreting Mou Zongsan's comments on Zhu Xi's thinking which emphasize on "Zhi " through Kant's statement on Natural Dialectics. Thus, this thesis will trace back to Confucian analects Collective Illustration which is highly emphasized by Zhu Xi and other related literature, such as Zhu Xi's Quotations, The Four Books Or Ask,and Zhu Xi's article collection and analyze these texts to illustrate possible evidences of moral practice. On other words, Zhu Xi also approves that the heart essentially knows Li(理). Because Zhu Xi admits the complicity of desire and "Qi-bin", he emphasizes on the importance of maintaining the constancy and universality of moral principle. Also, he proposes to have serious philosophical meditation on morality, that is from Changzhi to Zhenzhi, because the sentimental desire emerging along with moral practice will influence the purity and severity of moral principle. Besides, Kohlberg's empirical research on moral development also supports Zhu Xi's promotion of a physical to metaphysical. That is, in the premise that the heart essentially knows Li, the moral subject should not only reflects from the heart, but also goes back to the discernment of itself from "the heart's objective reorganization of extrinsic reason, in order to fully practice morality. The contribution of Zhu Xi's emphasis on "Ju-jing" and "Qiong-li" to modern education of classics is to provide the principle of being people with morality. In the process of trying to follow the sages, Zhu Xi not only approves that morality is essentially known by heat, but also purposes that people's moral judgment should base on external factors as well. With the interpretation of the subject's exterior and interior morality, such moral principle becomes more practical. Thus, this thesis argues that Zhu Xi's moral philosophy is also one of the important studies in the school of Neisheng. Like Lu Jiuyuan and Sunny Wang's education of Xin, Zhu Xi's moral philosophy is also necessary in studying modern Confucianism.


Keivan Behjou F., Ghaffarzadeh Mollabashi O. (2017): Impact of logging intensity on stem density, basal area and biodiversity indices five years after logging in a Caspian hardwood forest. J. For. Sci., 63: 167–172. The aim of the present study was to analyse the impacts of different logging intensities after five years from logging including non-logged, low (3.4 felled stems per hectare), medium (5.2 felled stems per hectare) and high (7.1 felled stems per hectare) treatments on stem density, basal area, canopy cover, and forest biodiversity indices. The study area was located in northern Iran. Data was collected on a set of 120 circular plots with 5 m radius from both non-logged and logging areas. Stem density, basal area, and percentage of canopy cover were measured. Biodiversity study was done by measuring two diversity indices including Simpson's and Shannon-Wiener's, two richness indices including Margalef 's and Menhinick's and two evenness indices including Pielou's and Hill's indices. The results indicated that the treatment with the medium logging intensity was found to cause the highest amount of positive effects on stem density, basal area, and biodiversity indices. It is concluded that harvesting intensity should be limited to a medium level (approximately 5 felled trees per hectare) during each logging operation to improve forest biodiversity indices.


ABSTRACT Internal erosion processes due to piping in an earthen levee built in a laboratory flume are reported in this paper. Different sand, silt and clay mixtures are used for constructing the levee. An image processing technique using an edge-detection algorithm is successfully applied to track the erosion process from the recordings of both side and bottom views. The change in the depth of erosion during the piping phenomenon for different soil composition is studied. The results show that small changes in clay content in the soil mixtures significantly affect the erosion rate. The average depth is approximately equal to the average bottom width of erosion in the piping zone. An exponential equation to estimate the depth of erosion as a function of time and the coefficient of soil erodibility is presented. Results for the critical shear stress and the coefficient of soil erodibility agree well with those obtained from the hole erosion test but not with those obtained from the jet erosion test.


By using the 3-D static-dynamic FEM method,the influencing factors of the static-dynamic character on the tunnel-bridge structure were studied.In calculation process,the interaction of rock,tunnel liner and abutment were considered,the simplified calculating model was put forward according the character of dynamic FEM and its reliability was testified.The effect of train speed,the ratio of height-to-span of tunnel and the length of abutment entering into tunnel on the static-dynamic characteristics of tunnel were discussed.The calculation results show that the velocity and the braking load of train and the ratio of height-to-span of tunnel have little influence on the static-dynamic character of the structure,and the variation of tunnel stress and deformation are basically within 10% except the vertical deformation of tunnel.The length of the abutment entering into the tunnel should be over 4 m,so the single-track tunnel-bridge structure has the best mechanical behavior.


This paper supplies a historical and international perspective to one of the best-known concepts of contemporary consumer marketing market segmentation. The idea of segmentation entered U.S. marketing thought in the 1950's with the pioneering work of Smith (1956) and of the group around Wroe Alderson (Smith 1978). By the 1970's it had become one of the major research issues in academic marketing, a status it retains today. An imposing body of formal, rigorous, and normative thought has been developed. At the same time, however, relatively little is known about current segmentation practice in the business world.


[Introduction] MR imaging of spinal cord is an important component of diagnostic work-up in some diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, the spinal cord is frequently involved and often in combination with lesions in the brain. In some MS cases, lesions have been found to involve only the spinal cord, particularly in the cervical spinal cord. Compared to brain imaging, spinal imaging is more challenging because of the regional complex structures of the spine and intrinsic cord motion [1]. MR evaluation of the spinal cord has also lagged behind imaging of the brain, in part due to limitations of surface coils and imaging techniques [2]. Recent technical advances in MR imaging may facilitate not only the accurate detection but also the characterization of spinal cord lesions by location and imaging features. In particular, ultra-high-field MR imaging provides high SNR that improves visualization of spinal cord with high-resolution and enhanced tissue contrast. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of high-resolution in vivo 7 T MR imaging of human spinal cord using a newly developed surface RF coil and imaging techniques.


Intracranial tumors with psychiatric symptoms are relatively uncommon but clinically important events. How did we come to recognize brain tumors as clinical entities that could mimic psychiatric symptoms? During the 16th and 17th centuries, the practice of performing human autopsies for academic purposes eventually led to the link between brain tumors and mental symptoms. Giovanni Battista Morgagni 1 (1682-1771) was the first physician to describe a patient with psychiatric symptoms and what may have been a brain tumor. Recognizing this association was a slow process, mostly because of the paucity of practical ways to diagnose and treat psychiatric illness and brain tumors until the late 1800s. The movement led by the French physician Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) influenced physicians to think of psychiatric patients as sick human beings who did not deserve to be physically restrained or mistreated.2 The creation of large psychiatric hospitals that performed autopsies set the ground for the solid recognition of the association of brain tumors with psychiatric symptoms.


DOI: 10.21276/sjpm.2018.3.9.5 Abstract:In Morocco, the number of people aged 60 and over has increased. This draws attention to conditions whose prevalence increases with age including chronic kidney failure and dementia. This population appears to have a higher risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders in our dialyzed patients, to define the types of this decline and identify the factors associated with cognitive decline. Observational, cross-sectional study of 116 patients taking hemodialysis from El Ghassani hemodialysis center in Fez. We used the Montreal cognitive assessement test before the hemodialysis session, A Moca ≤ 24/30 indicate the presence of cognitive impairment. The Moca was abnormal in 70% of our patients. The average score was lower for women. The areas most affected were attention and short-term memory. We found a strong correlation between the decrease in the Moca score and the progression in age (p <0.001). Hypertension was correlated with a Moca score with an average score in the hypertensive population of 20 ± 5.4 (p <0.006). The relationship between cardiac disease and Moca was significant with an average score in patients with heart disease of 19 (p <0.01). Taking an erythropoiesisstimulating agents were linked to the Moca test (p <0.05). The number of sessions per week was significantly correlated with Moca (r: 0.25, p <0.005). Albumin and hemoglobinemia were correlated with the Moca score (r: 0.2, p <0.027) and (r: 0.2, p <0.02) respectively.


Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in patients who attended the outpatient department of Regional Dental College, Guwahati, Assam (India) during a period from August 2013 to February 2015. About 9224 subjects belonging to urban, semi-urban and rural areas of Assam in North eastern region of India were screened. Out of these about 143 cases showed soft tissue lesions. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software. Findings: 1.55 percent of the population studied had one or more oral lesions associated with prosthetic use, trauma and tobacco consumption etc. 143 patients were found to have significant mucosal lesions. 35.70% had Oral lichen planus, 16.80% had oral submucous fibrosis, 11.9% had oral leukoplakia, 14 had both both leukoplakia, 9.80% had oral candidiasis, 7% had oral squamous cell carcinoma, 5.6% had oral traumatic ulcer, 3.5% had geographic tongue, 2.8% had fissured tongue and chemical burn and1.4% each had erythroplakia, fibroma and oral pemphigus. Conclusions: Cross-sectional studies are important entity in evaluating the prevalence of a disease in the general population. The regional databases and review data from various regions give an understanding of the national scenario. The findings in the present study reveal a high prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in the community. Close follow up and systematic evaluation is required in this population.


This article describes aspects of the microbiology of edible table spreads including milk fat spreads such as butter, fat spreads of the margarine type and mixed fat spreads with fat contents ranging from 80-95% to not less than 20% by weight of the product. The water-in-oil character of these products makes a major contribution to their microbiological stability especially after they have been exposed to the micro-organisms commonly encountered in a domestic environment. The microbiological stability of edible table spreads is also influenced by the concentration and physical nature of the continuous lipid phase with product stability increasing with greater proportions of crystallized fat. Edible table spreads containing higher proportions of water are more vulnerable to microbiological deterioration. This can be controlled by ensuring a dispersed aqueous phase in the product which consists of small discrete moisture droplets stabilized against coalescence. This stabilization can be achieved by the use of increased mono- and diglyceride concentrations and/or by increasing the viscosity of the dispersed moisture droplets through the use of stabilizers, thickeners and protein. The development of unacceptable levels of microbiological deterioration during domestic use is prevented by the addition of potassium sorbate to the aqueous phase. Additive free edible table spreads with acceptable shelf-life can be manufactured by controlling the distribution of dispersed moisture droplet size and nutrient composition.


Domestic 300MW generating unit often occurs generator oil inlet.The paper makes analysis on abnormal status during shutdown idling process based on operating practice of two units,and provides experience for the same problems.


The ideology and scheme of physical axiomatics are proposed, the initial postulates and axioms are formulated. The essential principles of axiomatics are based on scientific statements and concepts that reflect the fundamental properties of the physical world. One of the obtained outcomes is the statement: "In the physical world, all homogeneous quantities are commensurable, and every real physical property is limited by a certain , The analysis of the problem of incommensurability of radius and circumference leads to the conclusion about the existence of a fundamental property of the physical world, different from space and time. This property is manifested in the forms of electric charges, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves and fields. Given the nature of its manifestation, this property is called the "electromagnetic property". The developed axiomatic system and the obtained consequences are the basis of the working model of the physical vacuum. On the basis of this model there have been derived the equations connecting parameters of basic interactions. The components of the internal energy of the physical vacuum are determined. One of these components determines the phenomenon of the Universe expansion. characteristic for this property, minimum nonzero value". Homogeneous quantities are quantities of one and the same nature, relating to the manifestation of one and the same physical property.


Stimulatory feedback action of estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) on luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovariectomized rats was investigated. A single dose of 20 mcg E2 (primed) caused a 24-hour periodicity of LH secretion that was low at noon and high in the evening. The 2nd dose of E2 given 72 hours later potentiated the LH secretion approximately 2 1/2-folds higher 30 hours after treatment. E1 injection markedly induced an LH increase in rats bearing medial preoptic area (MPO)-roof cut. Both estrogen derivative implants in the suprachiasmatic (POSC) and periventricular portions in the PO area evidently induced an increase of serum LH. The results suggest that the neuronal elements from which the transected fibers in the MPO-roof cut rats originated are the main positive feedback sites for E2 for the induction of the ovulatory LH discharge. Progesterone injection in E2-primed rats as well as progesterone implants in the POSC produced a marked increase in serum LH.


Analysis the key factor of influence energy consume and put forward some f easible saving -energy project of air -condition,have some reference value for the design of air-condition and saving -energy of cir-culate manage in term with the choice of system,the collocation of equipm ent and management of system op-eration and so on.


R&D Centre Singapore Maritime Academy ABSTRACT Carrying forest products like paper rolls and wood pulp requires special care. Such cargo is very sensitive to moisture. It has to be transported in a controlled, low-humidity environment to prevent damage from moisture condensation. Dehumidifiers are fitted onboard vessels to control humidity in the cargo-holds. It is the responsibility of the crew onboard the ship to control the humidity in the cargo-holds. Failure to do so may result in claims for cargo damage.


The purpose of this article is to pursue briefly the growing knowledge of Syriac and Syriac speaking Christians during the second half of the Sixteenth Century and also in that context to give a sketch of the Oriental types used in Rome in the later part of that century, the production of which was stimulated by increased contact with the Eastern churches. To do this it will be necessary to examine both the nature and extent of Roman contacts with Syriac speaking churches and the specifically Roman impulses which led to an interest in Syriac. It is, moreover, in this period that the approach to Syriac studies that characterised the work of the great seventeenth-century scholars and those who have subsequently followed them was essentially established. In addition this article seeks to draw a clear contrast with Syriac and Oriental studies in Rome during the first half of the Sixteenth Century and to show that the world-view of the later Syriac scholars there (who were increasingly native Syriac speakers) bore little or no relationship to the world of kabbalistic fantasy. A fantasy that had characterised the earlier Catholic scholars who, away from Rome, produced the first editions of the Syriac New Testaments and who also had achieved the typographic splendours of their bibles well before Rome's own golden age of Oriental typography.


Abstract For LGBTQ newcomer youth lacking support at home and in school, youth-serving organizations provide various services and socialization that can effectively address their challenges. In a two stage content analysis, this study explored LGBTQ newcomer inclusivity in 39 youth-serving organizations in Toronto and Vancouver, as well as programs and services offered to this subpopulation specifically. Stage 1 findings demonstrate that few organizations displayed inclusion of, and supports for, LGBTQ newcomers. Stage 2 findings show that programs and services offered to this subpopulation can be categorized into four themes: cultural and linguistic sensitivity, skills development and education, socialization and community connections, and health and well-being. Recommendations for best practices are discussed.


Introduction: Reducing the Door-to-Needle (D2N) time to IV-tPA has been shown to improve outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Pre-hospital Telestroke using Mobile Stroke Units has been shown to re...


Luneburg lens is a spherical dielectric lens with gradient refractive index. It can concentrate the collimated incident electromagnetic wave on its spherical surface, inversely, it can turn the point wave into plane wave and control the deflection angle of the exit wave. Due to the gradient index and spherically focusing features, the conventional luneburg lens is very difficult to be fabricated and integrated. A novel flattened Luneburg lens with a scanning range of [-90 ̊, 90 ̊] has been realized. Moreover, the lens has a broadband property from 12.4 GHz to 18 GHz. The gradient refractive index structure of the lens was realized by combining a liquid medium approach and the 3D printing technology, which resolved the fabricating problem of the complex structure of the lens. The flexibility of the liquids for a practical implementation endowed this innovative method a wide using perspective to the realization of other microwave devices with high performance.


In the XXI century issues concerning the creation of a tolerant society and bringing up the younger generation in the spirit of  tolerance are becoming more pronounced by the mass media and  are more often raised in scientific publications. Openness of statistics is viewed by the authors as a condition for the creation of a tolerant  society assuming that the concept of open data that is strongly  pushed forward nowadays potentially brings not only new  possibilities for improving the public consciousness and social order,  but also entails new threats associated with the unrestricted  availability of any statistical data. The article considers various points of view on tolerance and tolerant society along with challenges on  the path to transforming statistical information into the open  platform of some kind to be freely accessible and available for all  social strata without exception.  The authors pay special attention to  outlining best practices on open data that along with the messages  of support to real information democracy still leave certain loopholes  due to the existence of national interests. In this regard, the article addresses a widespread and highly toxic double standards when  while encouraging the opponents to be absolutely «open and transparent» in different fields, one's first priority is still ensuring own information security.


This paper aims to examine the aspect of modernity in the early 20th century Korea through the body images represented in newspaper advertisements especially between 1910's and 1930's. Newspaper, newly appeared media, not only reflected but also constructed the knowledge and tastes of masses due to its characteristic of mechanical reproduction. In particular, these advertisements made deep influences on people by visual images as well as by advertising copy. For example among the advertisements between 1910's and 1930's, there were many advertisements on commodities related with a body. This implicates that a traditional thought on a body went through changes and moreover new commodities in advertisements reflected a newly developed way of thinking on a body. The representative advertisements related with a body are firstly hats, attire, shoes, and cosmetics which are for decorating bodies and secondly medicines and artificial ingredients which concerned the functions of a body. Since 1910's, the advertisements of shoes and hats had been conspicuous, which represented radical changes of modern sensibility starting from the bottom part of a body. The next change happened in the shapes of attire and hair styles. The change of men's attire was more radical compared to the conservative change of women's attire and hair styles. They happened rather slowly as the reformation of Korean traditional attire and buns instead of a comprehensive westernization. Nonetheless, the advertisements of cosmetics, soap, and toothpaste which emphasized white skin and white teeth revealed a hidden desire for White Westerners. In addition, the advertisements of artificial ingredients such as Ajinomoto(味の素) was a symptom of another kind of modernity which emphasized scientific influences on a body. These advertisements incited a desire of Koreans to become a modern or a global individual through the consumption of these commodities in 1910's ~ 1930's.


Let $(M,\bar{g}, e^{-f}d\mu)$ be a complete metric measure space with Bakry-\'Emery Ricci curvature bounded below by a positive constant. We prove that, in $M$, there is no complete two-sided $L_f$-stable immersed $f$-minimal hypersurface with finite weighted volume. Further, if $M$ is a 3-manifold, we prove a smooth compactness theorem for the space of complete embedded $f$-minimal surfaces in $M$ with the uniform upper bounds of genus and weighted volume, which generalizes the compactness theorem for complete self-shrinkers in $\mathbb{R}^3$ by Colding-Minicozzi.


Many physiological and pathological processes involve the participation of lysosomal enzymes acting both within lysosomes and outside them (mostly in the extracellular compartment). There is an evident lack of a simple general model enabling the calculation of what is going on with any lysosomal enzyme both in the intra-and extralysosomal compartment (translation and processing, endo-and exocytosis, infiltration of cells rich in lysosomes during tissue growth affected with any drug, toxin, hormone or growth factor) We offer such a simple general model. Let us estimate the activity of any lysosomal enzyme: free (F), total (T), the latter after preincubation with Triton X-100, and bound (B) i.e. intralysosomal: B=T-F, in homogenates of tissue (sample) taken at two points, t 1 and t 2 , e.g. t 1 before and t 2 after an operation. Then we calculate A i (in the lysosomes) and A e (outside the lysosomes) being the indices of activation (if A>1) or inactivation (if A<1) with the formulae: A i = B 2 /B 1 • L and A e = F 2 /F 1 + (B 1 • A i)-B 2 , where (1-L) means the percentage of lysosomes broken between t 1 and t 2. We present the meta-analysis of the experimental data of other authors and analyse our own data on the activity of cathepsin D and L from small fragments of the right atria of coronary patients collected during a coronary-aortal bypass graft operation. An intralysosomal activation and extralysosomal inactivation during the intraoperational (cardioplegic) ischemia might result from the elevated endocytosis of lysosomal enzyme(s) in the cardiomyocytes. Electron microscopy reveals that this is indeed the case.


Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on reproductive health for rural women in Yunnan Province. Methods: A health education intervention in the form of lectures and interpersonal communication was conducted in 2 villages in 2 counties Yunnan province for illiterate and semi-literate married rural women. Two villages under similar conditions but far away from the experimental villages were selected as control. Results The knowledge rate health belief and health behavior among the women in experimental village were improved after intervention in comparison with the control villages with statistically significant difference. Conclusion Lecture by trained local MCH providers combined with distribution of brochures rich in both pictures and text is an effective measure for health education on reproductive health for rural women with limited education. (authors)


The acoustical properties of a porous metal plate are modeled and expressions are obtained for through‐transmission impedance and fractions of power reflected, transmitted, and absorbed. The plate is modeled as a rigid boundary of thickness much smaller than the acoustic wavelength. A fraction of the surface is assumed to consist of holes of a given diameter. An expression applicable to incompressible, oscillating flow in a tube is used to predict the velocity distribution in the holes as a function of the acoustic pressure drop across the plate. The acoustic velocity immediately on either side of the plate is taken to be the average velocity on the surface taken over both the rigid area and the area occupied by holes. The acoustic properties are expressed in terms of the operational impedance defined as the ratio of the pressure drop to the average velocity. Calculated results for specimen impedance and fractions of power reflected, transmitted, and absorbed agree well with a set of in‐water acoustical m...


This paper is concerned with the power control of a PEM fuel cell system with integrated DC/DC converter using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. For the controller design three distinct approaches to model the system in quasi-Linear Parameter Varying representation are examined. Thereby, all nonlinearities of the system are expressed by scheduled parameters by which the model of the plant becomes linear in its states and inputs. Two of the approaches utilize highly nonlinear terms, whereas the third approach is based on scheduled parameters set up in a 1-dimensional lookup table. Finally, the performance of the evolved predictive controllers using distinct models of the plant are compared.


From the dawn of history, the beauty of the sky and its intimate connection with the development of human civilisation have inspired countless generations with a sense of wonder. Modern astronomy continues to play a unique role in conveying the excitement of science to the general public. In recent years considerable resources have been devoted to astronomical outreach in developed countries, aided by the spectacular images produced by modern astronomical facilities and the continuing list of major astronomical discoveries that have changed our views of the Universe. Universe Awareness is a new programme intended to reach a target group that has so far been neglected by such outreach programmes, namely children between four and ten years of age.


The utility model discloses a button of an automobile parking brake. The button of the automobile parking brake comprises a button rod and a bottom head, wherein the button rod is a shaft part, an assembling end is arranged at one end of the button rod, the assembling end is arranged in the button head, the remaining part of the button rod protrudes out of the button head, two flat parts arranged symmetrically are arranged on the outer circle, close to the assembling end, of the button rod, and the flat parts are arranged in the button head. The button of the automobile parking brake can ensure the position of the button rod arranged in the button head and prevent the button head from falling off.


To evaluate the efficacy of odansetron for the treatment of vomiting and thus reducing the need for hospital stay and intravenous rehydration in children with gastroenteritis.


Electric Spring (ES) is proposed to adapt the power consumption to the changes of power generation, so as to effectively alleviate the power quality problems caused by power imbalance in power grid and ensure the stable operation of key loads. Generally, the ES uses second-order eneralized integrator phase locked loop (SOGI-PLL) to track the voltage and frequency of power grid, and uses proportional-integral (PI) controller to stabilize the critical load (CL) voltage. However, for microgrids with large voltage and frequency fluctuations, the conventional ES control method is difficult to stabilize the CL voltage quickly and accurately. To solve this problem, an ES control method based on cascade second-order generalized integrator phase locked loop (CSOGI-PLL) and simplified brain emotional learning based intelligent controller (BELBIC) is proposed in this paper. By using the frequency adaptive tracking characteristic of CSOGI-PLL, the ability of ES to stabilize CL voltage in power grid with large frequency variation is improved. An ES control method based on simplified BELBIC is proposed, which uses its self-learning ability to automatically adjust control parameters and improve the control speed of ES. To verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, the ES is modeled and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink and verified by dSPACE platform. The results show that the method is effective and feasible.


Introduction: Autoimmune destruction of the adrenals is the most common cause of Addison's disease which must involve more than 90% of the glands before adrenal insufficiency appears 1. It is characterized by chronic deficiency of cortisol, aldosterone and adrenal androgens and causes skin pigmentation that can be subtle or strikingly dark. Volume and sodium depletion and potassium excess eventually occur in primary adrenal failure.At one time, the commonest cause was tuberculosis, with autoimmune destruction of adrenal gland accounting for a minority of cases. The situation is now reversed and patients may have other autoimmune conditions such as pernicious anemia 2. It usually appears by age 15 years. Partial or late expression of the syndrome is common. The symptoms may include weakness, fatiguability, weightloss, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, anxiety and mental irritability due to excess ACTH. Pigmentary changes consist of diffuse staining over nonexposed as well as exposed parts or multiple freckles; hyperpigmentation is especially prominent over the knuckles, elbows, knees, posterior neck, in palmar creases and nail beds. Nipples and areolas tends to be darker. The skin in pressure areas such as the belt or brassiere lines and the buttocks also darkens. The diagnosis of Addison's disease in pregnancy is difficult, because so many of the features of Addison's disease may be associated with normal pregnancy. However, persistence of nausea and vomiting after 20 wks gestation and weight loss should be considered abnormal 3. On laboratory investigations the WBC count usually shows moderate neutropenia, lymphocytosis and a total eosinophil count over 300/ mcL. Among patients with chronic Addison's disease, the serum sodium is usually low (90%) while the potassium is elevated (65%). Low plasma cortisol( 200pg/ml). Serum DHEA levels are under 1000ng/ml in 100% of patient with Addison's disease. Replacement therapy should include a combination of corticosteroid and minerolocorticoids. In mild cases hydrocortisone alone may be adequate. Most addisonian patient are well maintained on 1525 mg of hydrocortisone orally daily in two divided doses, two thirds in the morning and one third in the late afternoon or early evening. Some patients respond better to prednisone in a dosage of about 2-3 mg in the morning and 1-2 mg in the evening. A proper dose usually results in a normal differential white count. Fludrocortisone acetate has a potent sodium retaining effect. The dosage is 0.05-0.3mg orally or every other day. In the presence postural hypotension, hyponatremia, or hyperkalemia the dosage is increased. During pregnancy the prepregnancy dose of cortisone must be maintained unchanged throughout pregnancy, as a reduction, even late in the third trimester, will be followed by the return of Addisonian symptoms. Furthermore any additional stress such as vomiting, infection or haemorrhage must be met by a temporary increase in maintainance dose4. For women undergoing elective surgery , stress doses of cortisol should be administered. On the day of surgery , 300mgm of cortisol can be administered, and this dose can be reduced by 50 mg daily until oral glucocorticoid replacement is reinitiated5. Before glucocorticoid replacement therapy becomes available, pregnancy in CASE REPORTS


The essential features of a satisfactory sheep-weighing cage may be summaras follows :The cage must be easily operated by unskilled personnel and allow rapid identification and weighing of sheep without distress or injury to the sheep or the operator. The cage should be as light as practicable commensurate with strength, suitability and cost of materials and be readily adaptable for use on a variety of scales. The cage should have a reliable means of opening, closing and latching the gates to permit rapid caging without injury to the sheep. The cage should be no larger than necessary, be as open on top as practicable and be free of sharp edges and corners. This allows easy and safe identification and rapid weighing. A variety of sheep-weighing cages is available in Australia, but it is believed none incorporates all these features. A new cage which embodies the above . features is described below.


A new high-speed monolithic operational amplifier is described which uses an improved feedforward circuit configuration to achieve a total acquisition time (slewing plus settling) of 650 ns with a 10-V input step without compromising dc performance or requiring costly nonstandard processing.


Analysis from present situation of grassland eco-environment, it showed that grassland degradation was let up to by natural factors and human beings factors.It is a sustainable development way for developing animal husbandry for protection,construction and reasonable use natural grassland.


This is designed to provide the accused with the windows open and close the device user in a low place to install the connection strap connected to a low place by pulleys for sliding doors installed on high can be easily opened and closed the door. Sue window opening and closing apparatus of the subject innovation, the heights window opening and closing apparatus of the subject innovation are mounted at heights (高 所) of buildings, made by a sliding door 12 which is installed in the window frame 11 and the sash 11 It becomes the first conversion pulley 110 and the second conversion pulley which is mounted on both sides of the window frame 11 (120); The first switching pulley 110 and the second switching winding pulley rotatably mounted in the lower portion of 120 means 200; Is connected to the sliding door 12, the first conversion pulley 110 and connected to the second switch via the pulleys 120 to be attached to the twine take-up means 200, means 300; Jidoe achieved by including the connection means 300 to which the sliding door as by a rotating take-up or pay-off in the take-up means 200, 12 of the take-up means 200 is opened and closed.


Let S be the second fundamental form of a closed hypersurface which is minimally immersed in a unit sphere.The question whether the value of S is discrete has been attractive for a long time.It mainly deals with the properties for the principal curvatures of the hypersurface and gets two sufficient conditions under which S has a second gap.Also estimates for the gap's length are obtained.


Measurements of fluctuations of plasma potential and electron temperature in a toroidal magnetized plasma is carried out by applying a cylindrical probe with insulating end plugs oriented parallel to the B-field in conjunction with another cylindrical probe oriented perpendicularly. Coherency and cross-phase between V f and Te are estimated, and typically have values close to 0.6 and π respectively. Power-law spectra are found for frequencies well above the poloidal rotation frequency with spectral index typically around 4.0 for V f and around 2.5 for T e . The density gradient is above the threshold for flute interchange instability, and the results are consistent with theory and global numerical simulations of this plasma.


The magnetic and electronic properties of Ba$_4$Ru$_3$O$_{10}$ were investigated by the ab-initio and model calculations. It is shown that nonmagnetic ground state of the one-third Ru$^{4+}$ ions is not due to the correlation effects. It is rather caused by the charge disproportionation between crystallographically different Ru and the molecular orbital formation in the Ru's trimer.


This report presents the results of a passenger locomotive fuel tank load test simulating jackknife derailment (JD) load. The test is based on FRA requirements for locomotive fuel tanks in the Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 238, Appendix D. This test covers Section (a) (2) of Appendix D, which states that the fuel tank shall support transversely at the center a sudden loading equivalent to one-half the weight of the locomotive at a vertical acceleration of 2g without exceeding the ultimate strength of the material. The load is assumed to be supported by one rail, distributed between the longitudinal centerline and the edge of the tank bottom, with a railhead surface of 2 inches (in). The nominal weight of an F59 PHI passenger locomotive is approximately 268,000 pounds (lb). This report presents the test data and their correlations to the results of finite element analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS. The test data showed that the resulting vertical displacement of the tank bottom wall corresponding to a maximum JD load of 317 kilopounds was approximately 4 in. This comprised both elastic and plastic components of deformation. Upon unloading, a local residual plastic deformation of nearly 1 in was found, and no crack or breach in the tank wall was detected in the plastically deformed zone or elsewhere. Results of FEA are also included and compared with those obtained from the test. From the FRA regulatory perspective, the tank is considered to have satisfied the structural integrity requirements set forth in CFR 49, Part 238, Appendix D, Section (a) (2).


Papilloma is the most common finding associated with pathologic nipple discharge. In the absence of breast imaging abnormalities, the incidence of occult malignancy is <3%.


This study was aimed at providing quantitative data on the thalamic circuitry that underlies the central processing of somatosensory information. Four physiologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of the cat thalamus were injected with horseradish peroxidase and subjected to quantitative electron microscopy after pre‐ or postembedding immunostaining for γ‐aminobutyric acid to reveal synaptic terminals of thalamic inhibitory neurons.


The redistribution of methyl-14C-glycinebetaine was examined after local application to young cotton plants at first flowering. Labelled glycinebetaine in a solution containing Tween-20 (0.05%) was applied to the surface of young or old leaves of cotton (cv. CIM-443) using a syringe. In some cases a self-sealing plastic bag was used to maintain high humidity around the fed leaf. Plants were subsequently grown for 7-10 days in a greenhouse or in a controlledenvironment room. Fed leaves were carefully washed prior to sampling. Movement of label was detected in three ways. Plants dried 5 days after treatment and subjected to autoradiography for 5 days showed concentrated labelling in the fed leaf, with lower activity in the attached petiole and the adjacent stem. Long-distance transport of label (as happens in rapeseed etc.) was not observed. More quantitative data were obtained by dividing the plants into stem, petioles, leaves and sympodial branches, drying the samples and burning them in a sample oxidizer. This confirmed that there was little movement of label to other main-stem leaves or to the shoot apex, but some movement into the adjacent main stem and sympodial structures. In these experiments it is assumed that glycinebetaine is not easily metabolized in cotton, and remains in solution. Extraction of sap from different parts of the plants produced a similar pattern of label distribution to sample oxidation. Only when methyl-14C-glycinebetaine was directly injected into a petiole was there substantial movement of label mostly into the attached leaf and the adjacent stem.


Special Issue of the Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, Honoring Professor J.N. Reddy on his 70 Birthday Dr. Vinu U. Unnikrishnan To cite this article: Dr. Vinu U. Unnikrishnan (2018) Special Issue of the MechanicsofAdvanced MaterialsandStructures, Honoring Professor J.N. Reddy on his 70 Birthday, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 25:15-16, 1239-1240, DOI: 10.1080/15376494.2018.1503627 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2018.1503627


GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) arrays are a promising technology in a wide range of applications. The photoelectric performance of 80um green Micro-LED has been studied in depth, including the temperature dependence current-voltage, ideality factor, capacitance-voltage, carrier concentration distribution, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and luminance. The results of this research have demonstrated that the Micro-LED has excellent performance, with high EQE.