The paper studies the method of boundary detection in omnidirectional M-mode echocardiography based on a sub-pixel technique.In the foundation of gained the omnidirectional M-mode echocardiography,through the picture pretreatment,using the level strategy to detect the pixel boundary of omnidirectional M-mode echocardiography,then according the first order differential expected value to localize the sub-pixel boundary.The method enhanced the boundary detection data from the pixel level to the sub-pixel level,provided the possibility for the precise dynamic information detection,such as amplitude,velocity,acceleration and so on.


Mg-7Al-1.5Zn-4.5Ca-1Nd billets were prepared by spray deposition,and the microstructure evolution and the phase transformation characters after heating at different temperatures were analyzed.The results indicate that the spray deposited Mg-7Al-1.5Zn-4.5Ca-1Nd alloy has a fine microstructure,and smaller grains are well-distributed in the matrix alloy.The phases in deposited billet include α-Mg,Mg17Al12,MgZn2,Al2Ca and Ca2Mg6Zn3.As the heating temperature changes from 350 ℃to 520 ℃,significant changes appear in the organization,and the phase Mg17Al12 is dissoluted and Ca2Mg6Zn3 is decomposed to Mg2Ca and MgZn2.New phase Mg12Nd is precipitated at high temperature,and the hardness decreases with the increasing temperature.


Haewonjeonshincheop, a double-leaf album painting and one of the most profound works by Shin, Yunbok, reflects the overindulgent atmosphere towards materialistic spending and 'pleasure-seeking' in the city's middle 치ass during the late Joseon period. Accordingly, a common theme of 'pleasure-seeking' and 'amorous' moods exist in Shin's works. These 'pleasure-seeking' images that Shin portrays do not merely demonstrate such images of the city, but more importantly, they seek to evoke sexual desires on the part of the audience. Undemeath the 'pleasure-seeking' images depicted in Shin's works lies the social background of the late 18th and early 19th century, during which an atmosphere that emphasized actual linages of the contemporary was prevalent among the fields of arts and literature. Such a change is mirrored in the exam subjects of genre painting of the Royal Academy within the late Joseon period which mainly assessed the ability to produce works that exemplify the realistic and actual images of contemporary joseon In fact, the majority of the genre painting subjects were related to the city images of Seoul such as 'swing-riding in tlle entertainment district.' This study focuses on finding the resemblance between the 'pleasure¬seeking' images found in Shin's paintings and the contemporary literature works induding poetry and novels. The main literature text that shares such similar images with Shin, Yunbok s is the amorous novel Jeolhwagidam which was written in the beginning of the 19th Century. However, since there is hardly any record about Shin, Yunbok' s life, induding records on his birth and death, it is cWficult to affirm whether Shin was familiar with amorous novels like jeolhwagidam. Hence it is difficult to simply conclude that Shin executed his 'pleasure-seeking' images based on this kind of novels. Yet, since one of the very few records of Shin indicates that Shin, Yunbok s works of paintings were brought by envoys to Japan in 1811 and 1817, this possibly suggests that Shin was active when the amorous novel jeolhwagidam was written in 1809. From this, it is then presumable that he was familiar with such popular novels and other famous literary works of the contemporary. In the novel, the author sets the first meeting between Liseng and Sunmae-the male and female lead characters, at the well. Iisaeng while passing by, notices Sunmae s beauty out of all the women around the well anel falls in love with her at first sight. In Shin. Yunbok' s album-leaf, a similar image can also be found in the painting Moreover. the amorous novel jeolhwagidam and Shin's works coincide in depicting the main figures' characteristics. For example, in Shin's 〈Offering a drink〉 painting, an old lady is offering a drink to a young man. A girl, whose young age can be guessed by her long braided hair. is sitting with her back towards the viewer. The old lady handing the glass to the young man is the matchmaker 〈also commonly found in amorous novels〉 in order to bring together the main two characters. In the novel Jeolhwagidam the old matchmaker also appears and plays an important role in linking Iisaeng and Sunmae. Her character, depicted in the novel, is quite materialistic and sly. which is quite similar to the same old lady's image as depicted in Shin's 〈Offering a drink〉 painting. A few other paintings of Shin' s 'pleasure-seeking' images like 〈visitor〉, 〈Couple under the moonlight〉 coincide with The images in The novel as well. The coinciding styles of setting, ways of depicting the figures and other expressive methods used in 'pleasure-seeking' images of Shin, Yoon bok s genre paintings and the novel Jeolhwagidam were inherited to the late nineteenth-century. 'Pleasure-seeking' images in Shin's paintings were carried on to more intimate and sensually erotic paintings where textual images became more obvious. The images shown in the novel ]eolhwagida m can be found in novels like Poeuigyojip, Accordingly, it can be inferred that although art and literature me two different genres, there exist similar codes between the two in terms of expressing images of leisurely acts.


A good way to read John Wilson's latest book is to start with the postscript, where he summarises his conclusions, and work back, in the case of each one, to the arguments he uses to support it in the main text. His conclusions themselves are quite striking, and read a bit like topics proposed for further discussion in seminars or study groups. In the first place he distinguishes between education in the true sense (sustained learning of a systematic kind) and the sort of thing which members of society and politicians mean when they speak of education (something to do with preparation for life or jobs). Education, according to Mr Wilson, should, on the whole, avoid concerning itself with consequences, but should concentrate on the intrinsic goods which it can offer. Here obviously is the first topic for discussion. Secondly, this separatist view of education entails that the schools where it is provided should be themselves separate and relatively autonomous institutions, pursuing the goal of true education, and not looking to society for guidelines. Third, not all children are capable of very much of this intrinsically valuable kind of education, and there is, besides this a kind of moral and social instruction which they should have, but not necessarily or entirely in the classroom, and not as part of the curriculum. Fourth, academic, or intrinsically good, education should be divided into subjects, and the subjects to be learned should be determined by seeing which subjects are learned, or are successful and fruitful fields of study, in universities or other institutions where serious people study things for their own sake.


In this paper,self-organization theory is introduced to discuss characteristics and mechanism of RD personnel's creative thinking in decision-making process,which revealed that implicit cognition and meta-cognition as order parameters of systems are playing the leading roles in self-organization evolution process of creative thinking.Competition and coordination of implicit cognitions promote thinking system to the edge of chaos.While meta-cognition can effectively control the evolution of systems.Key heuristic information is chaotic attractor,leading to the insight of thinking.Training and regulation for the above factors will help improve the vitality and decision-making ability of creative thinking.


Wood harvesting should be planned to reduce environmental impacts by minimizing machine traffic, increase productivity and reduce costs. In this context, the aim of this study was evaluate the effect of working range on operational performance of a harvester and forwarder in a Eucalyptus saligna stand under a clear cutting regime. The study was carried out in Parana State, Brazil, in a cut ‐ to ‐ length system in cutting and wood extraction operations in two working ranges: T 1  - width of 12 m with a cut of four planting lines; and T 2  - width of 18 m with a cut of six planting lines. A time and motion study was performed to determine work cycle times, productivity, production costs, and machine traffic, with working ranges compared by the t-test (α = 0.05) for independent samples. The results showed that the wood processing and loading elements consumed the longest operating cycle time in cutting and wood extraction. The harvester machine presented higher productivity (61.05 m³ PMH 0 -1 ) in the T 1 working range, while the forwarder was superior (48.32 m³ PMH 0 -1 ) in the T 2 working range. Regarding the wood harvesting system, it was observed that the T 2 working range enabled a reduction of 1% in production costs, which is important when considering the large scale production of the company, while there was a 33.4% reduction in traffic. Therefore, an increase in machines' working range can provide operational and environmental benefits to wood harvesting operations in forest plantations.


A steel platform foundation of a tower crane comprises a bearing platform fixedly connected with a standard section of the tower crane, and a tower crane pile connected with the lower part of the bearing platform, wherein the bearing platform is an 'X'-shaped steel platform foundation welded by H steel, a reinforcement plate is welded at the middle cross joint of the steel platform foundation, the standard section of the tower crane is fixedly connected with the steel platform foundation through high strength bolts, the lower part of four end parts of the platform foundation are fixedly connected respectively with four steel lattice columns through four columncap cover plates, while the steel lattice columns are fixedly connected with the tower crane pile. The steel platform foundation guarantees operation security of the tower crane, shortens days for construction, and reduces costs. For soft foundation, bearing capacity can be provided with the help of pile foundation. The utility model can be used for tower crane foundation construction and the tower crane foundation construction which is required to be arranged in the range of basement foundation pit.


EDUCATION FOR ETHNIC-RACIAL RELATIONS IN THE TRAINING OF CHEMISTRY TEACHERS: ABOUT LAW 10.639/2003 IN HIGHER EDUCATION. In this paper, from the experiences of the Collective Ciata, we seek to elucidate theoreticalmethodological aspects that can establish the teaching of Chemistry for education for ethnic-racial relations and the implementation of law 10.639/2003. This research was based on the research-action technique. The recording of the interventions was done followed by transcription and analysis according to the theoretical reference of the analysis of the conversation. Our results show that racism is present in the classroom, therefore, also in Chemistry class. The teacher deals with the real school and must be trained to act in it. It is possible to promote curricular changes in favor of black populations by designing a curriculum that contemplates the ethnic-racial diversity of Brazilian society. Our results showed that it is possible to discuss in a Chemistry class subjects related to the proposals of the mentioned law, as well as, to approach concepts of related chemistry. For this purpose, knowledge was mobilized that were not present in the curriculum of the degree in Chemistry and, therefore, demanded training in service through the group of studies instituted by the Collective Ciata.


In this paper we introduce a method for finding both supported and unsupported non-dominated solutions of a multicriteria integer linear program (MCILP). This consists of two phases, in the first a weighted-sum method is used that finds only the supported solutions of the problem, in the second the Chebyshev distance to a reference point is minimized in order to sweep the region between any pair of adjacent supported solutions and thus find the unsupported solutions. Computational experiments are discussed.


In this paper, we investigate twoatom entanglement in time evolution and the thermal entanglement in a generalized JaynesCummings model by means of concurrence. The result shows that the twoatom entangled state appears with periodicity, which decreases with increasing dipoledipole coupling between the two atoms. In a finite temperature, the concurrence decreases with increasing temperature, and the thermal entanglement vanishes in this JaynesCummings model when the system temperature reaches the critical temperature, which is proportional to the dipoledipole coupling strength of the two atoms. For typical experimental data, the critical temperature is on the order of 10-5K. In addition, there exists the quantum phase transition in this JaynesCummings model


IV Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering, Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee and this titles are available in this pdf. This volume presents the written contributions of the participants of the IV Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering (IV WMSSE) which was held from 15 to March 16, 2021, at the Bucaramanga city, Colombia, organized by the Foundation Of Researchers In Science And Technology Of Materials (FORISTOM). The Proceedings volume includes 23 manuscripts that were presented as plenary talks at the conference. The abstracts of all participants' contributions were published in the Abstract Book with ISSN 2745-1496. The website of the conference is available at https://foristom.org/4wmsse. The two-day scientific program of the IV WMSSE consisted of 8 magisterial remote conferences, 28 oral remote presentations, with the participation of undergraduate and graduate students, professors, researchers, and entrepreneurs from Spain, Uruguay, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia. Likewise, the main aim of IV WMSSE was to bring together national and international researchers in order to show scientific progress and to highlight the strong correlation of research in physical and mathematical modeling on science, engineering, technology, and industrial applications; besides, to promote the exchange of creative ideas and the effective transfer of scientific knowledge, from fundamental research to innovation applied to industrial solutions with of purpose to advance in the development of the society by means of efficient transference of the knowledge between sectors academia and industry. All papers in these Proceedings volume refer to one of the following topics covered in the IV WMSSE: ✓ Computer Science. ✓ Mechatronic Systems. ✓ Dynamic Systems Modeling. ✓ Physical-Chemistry Modeling. ✓ Physics-Mathematical Modeling. ✓ Modeling, Simulation, and Diagnostics. ✓ Education on Science, Engineering, and Technology. On behalf of the organizing committee of the IV WMSSE, we are extremely thankful to all authors and participants for providing their valuable contributions for this Proceedings volume as well as the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and criticism aiding to improve the presented articles. On the other hand, it very important to note that the workshop organized by the FORISTOM foundation, is a very significant contribution to the universal scientific community, achieving the interaction of the different research groups of the sector academia and business sector of Colombia with other countries. The editor hopes that those interested in the area of Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering can enjoy this reading, of the volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), which reflects a wide variety of current issues. "Education and expression freedom for anyone". Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee / Comité Académico Internacional, Invited Speakers / Conferencistas Invitados, Sponsor, Partners and this titles are available in this pdf.


The deep learning techniques have made neural networks the leading
option for solving some computational problems and it has been
shown the production of the state-of-the-art results in many fields like
computer vision, automatic speech recognition, natural language processing,
and audio recognition. In fact, we may be tempted to make
use of neural networks directly, as we know them nowadays, in order
to make predictions and solve many problems, but if the decision that
has to be taken is of high risk. For instance, we could have a problem
regarding the control of a nuclear power plant or the prediction of the
shares evolution in the market; in this case, it would be important to
look for methods that allowed us to add more information concerning
the certainty of those predictions.
This Master's thesis is divided into three parts: Firstly, we will analyse
the state-of-the-art regarding Mixture Density Network models to
predict an entire probability distribution for the output and we will
develop an implementation to give solutions for many of the numerical
stability problems that characterise this type of models. Secondly, in
order to propose an initial solution for the uncertainty problems introduced
above, we will focus on the extraction of a confidence factor
by using neural network outputs of a problem for which we are only
interested in the prediction of something if we have a minimum certainty
about the prediction we made. In order to do it, we will compile
the current literature methods to measure uncertainty through
Mixture Density Networks and we will implement all of these works.
Consequently, we are going to to go into detail about the concept of
uncertainty and we will see to what extent we are able to propose
a solution by using neural network models for the different aspects
that include such concept. Finally, the third part will refer to several
proposals to measure the confidence factor obtained with the use of
Mixture Density Network concerning the problem proposed.
After all the work, our goals will be achieved: we are going to make
a stable implementation for all the problems that we have proposed
for Mixture Density Networks and we will publish it publicly in our
GitHub repository[9]. We will be able to implement the state-of-theart
methods that will allow us to obtain a confidence factor and finally
we will be able to propose a method that obtains the expected results
regarding the parameters that represent the confidence factor.


Introduction: The attitudes towards older people is essential. Society's perception of older adults is often unpleasant. Inappropriate treatment of older people in society causes a decrease in self-esteem, a sense of control over one's own life, a decrease in the quality of life, an increase in anxiety, depression, anger, and sadness. The aim of this study was to compare the attitudes of young people and seniors towards older people in relation to their satisfaction with life and self-esteem. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted online in groups of young adults under 35 years of age (Group I) and over 65 years of age (group II), with 177 people each. Method: The study used the following questionnaires: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Self-Assessment of Own Person (SOP), and Kogan's Attitude Towards Old People Scale (KATOPS). Results: The satisfaction of life in both groups was average. The mean value of self-esteem was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the group of seniors. Both groups of respondents had negative attitudes towards seniors in the KATOPS. There was a statistically significant correlation between life satisfaction and self-esteem in seniors. Gender, age, education, or place of residence of respondents had no impact on negative attitudes in both groups. Conclusions: Both groups showed negative attitudes towards seniors. No significant correlation was found between the groups and gender of the respondents, and the influence of the respondent's age, education, marital status, or place of residence. There was a correlation between the respondents' attitudes in the subscale of negative attitudes and their satisfaction with life. No correlation between self-esteem and age and marital status were found with no dependence on gender, education, or place of residence.


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONBronze drum culture was well developed in China since more than 2500 years ago to 1828 A.D. Ancient drums are representatives of the historical culture of minority people living in southern China. The early drums, Wanjiaba and Shizhaishan types unearthed in Yunnan have been investigated by lead isotopes in this note. The scientific basis for the lead method was described in Refs. [2, 3] and the isotopic ratios were corrected with the NBS-981 standard shown in Table 1. Based on the experimental results, we would like to


22 PCT Filed: Dec. 1, 1995 Bitner, J.L. et al., Thermochemical and Photochemical stu e --9 ides on organic fluorine compounds, Chemical AbStract, 86 PCT No.: PCT/US95/15625 54:22311, 1959. Zubovich, I.A., Oxidation-Reduction Catalysis by Palla S371 Date: Jun. 3, 1997 dium-Gold and Palladium-Silber Systems on Different S 102(e) Date: Jun. 3, 1997 Types of Carrier, Russian Journal of Phys. Chem, 56(5), 798-799, 1982. 87 PCT Pub. No.: WO96/17815 Sokolski, D.V. et al., Liquid-phase Hydrogenation of B-Ionone on a Stationary NiCr2O3 Catalyst in a Flow PCT Pub. Date: 13, 1996 U ate: Jun. 13, Apparatus under Hydrogeen PreSSure, Russian Journal of Related U.S. Application Data Phys. Chem, 56(7), 1075–1076, 1982.


Recent modeling studies call on increased ocean heat transport to explain high-latitude warming observed for intervals throughout the middle Pliocene. Possible vehicles for ocean heat transport are the poleward arms of the subtropical gyres. Sites from the California margin (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 167) provide monitors of wind field within the eastern arm of the gyre which may be an indication of basin-wide subtropical gyral strength. At most sites (water depths from 1106 to 4212 m) CaCO3 mass accumulation rate (MAR) was highest in the middle Pliocene (3.5–2.0 Ma). This high CaCO3 MAR "event" is attributed primarily to higher CaCO3 production due to higher offshore upwelling associated with the zone of the greatest wind stress curl. Thus, in the middle Pliocene, there was enhanced wind stress curl along the California margin, and possibly enhanced North Pacific sub-tropical gyral circulation and meridional ocean heat advection.


In this panel, six informal science projects discuss how instructional and technological design elements interact with the unique affordances and constraints of informal environments to impact learning. A central goal of the panel is to engage colleagues in examples that illustrate design decisions that inform research trajectories to move the field of CSCL forward in the design of informal learning environments.


Cerium oxide (ceria: CeO2) is one of the most widely used abrasives for the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) of silicate glasses. The common occurrence of "impure" ceria abrasives as effective polishing compounds has led to much speculation on the role of impurities on the "C" (chemical component) in CMP. Typically, when the chemical composition of ceria abrasives is determined, the method used describes only the bulk overall composition and does not yield a spatially related understanding of the composition. The current investigation analyzes the chemistry of ceria abrasives (both before and after polishing) at the nanometer scale and elucidates the degree of chemical homogeneity in a typical abrasive. The ceria abrasives were investigated using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a Philips CM200FEG field-emission gun transmission electron microscope equipped with a Gatan imaging filter (GIF). Spectra were acquired and processed with Emispec Vision and also exported for further analysis with Gatan EL/P software. It is well established that EELS can be a powerful tool for identifying oxidation state, bonding and crystal structure in materials [1, 2].


The article presents the issues pertaining to the quality of curative, diagnostic and preventive work of general practitioners – family doc tors independently and cooperatively (consultations) with doctors infectionists in the centers of primary medical aid, surgeries of infectious diseases, clinics of integrative family medicine with the aim of early diagnostics of infectious and invasive diseases, and specification of further medical schedules for each patient.


Electromagnetic response of planar metallic nanorod dimers is determined analytically and numerically. Asymmetric dimers are shown to act as "atoms" in planar chiral metamaterials. Relations between the dimer's geometry and its chiral properties are established.


The present invention provides a kind of bromhexine hydrochloride and preparation has the detection method of related substance, main impurity I a wherein existed or impurity I b is carried out assay, simultaneously by they product application in contrast in bromhexine hydrochloride impurity determination, be conducive to the quality product controlling with improving bromhexine hydrochloride and preparation, it is to increase patient medication security.


The efficient generation of the coherent XUV light via frequency conversion of intense laser drivers is a problem of both fundamental and technological importance. Increasing the intensity of the generated high harmonics by raising the intensity of the driving field works only up to a point: at high intensities, rapid ionisation of the medium limits the conversion efficiency. Considering the combined effect of the phase-matching and of the blue shift of the driving field during its propagation in a rapidly ionising medium, we show that the latter can be the dominant limiting mechanism. We introduce a new spatial scale, the blue-shift length, which sets the upper bound for the quadratic intensity growth of the generated harmonics. Moreover, we show that this seemingly fundamental restriction can be overcome by using an additional generating weak mid-IR field. For specific combinations of frequencies of the generating fields, the corresponding high-order frequency-mixing process does not suffer from the blue shift of the drivers and phase mismatch, and thus its efficiency grows quadratically with propagation distance. Our results thus open a new route for highly efficient generation of coherent XUV light.


A Buy-one Give-one (BOGO) donation model features the donation of a physical entity and is a popular cause-related marketing (CM) promotion format. Little is known about factors that underlie consumer response to BOGO-format promotions. The current studies, collectively, indicate BOGO promotions evoke a concrete construal mindset [(Trope & Liberman 2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110, 403–421], which influences consumer response in a distinct manner: BOGO promotions enhance promotion attitudes and purchase intention when bundled with utilitarian products, and enhance consumer response through perceived helpfulness of the donated entity.


Spanish is a global language, spoken in a big number of different countries with a big dialectal variability‥ This paper deals with the suitability of using a single multi-dialectal acoustic modeling for all the Spanish variants spoken in Europe and Latin America. This paper deals with the suitability of using a single multi-dialectal acoustic modeling for all the Spanish variants spoken in Europe and Latin America. The objective is two fold. First, it allows to use all the available databases to jointly train and improve the same system. Second, it allows to use a single system for all the Spanish speakers. The paper describes the rule- based phonetic transcription used for each dialectal variant, the selection of the shared and the specific phonemes to be modeled in a multi-dialectal recognition system, and the results of a multi-dialectal system dealing with dialects in and out of the training set.


To solve the problem of image segmentation for automatic recognition of colored leukocyte images,a novel cell segmentation method employing active contour model for leukocyte cell images is presented.Firstly,K-means clustering algorithm based on Hue,Saturation,Intersive(HSI) color space is applied for nucleus localization.Then the leukocytes roughly by using watershed algorithm is segmented.Finally,the initial snake contour placed inside the leukocyte is driven by the gradient flow vector force and region force used in the active contour model,combined withcolor and region messages,to fit the leukocyte and attain the precise contour at last.The presented process has been tested on sets of cell images.It shows that the proposed means performs well on well-separated cells and some overlapped ones.


This paper reports on work carried out within the Cityware project using mobile technologies to map, visualise and project the digital co-presence in the city. This paper focuses on two pilot studies exploring the Bluetooth landscape in the city of Bath.
Here we apply adapted and 'digitally augmented' methods for spatial observation and analysis based on established methods used extensively in the space syntax approach to urban design. We map the physical and digital flows at a macro level and observe static space use at the micro level. In addition we look at social and mobile behaviour from an individual's point of view. We apply a method based on intervention through 'Sensing and projecting' Bluetooth names and digital identity in the public arena.
We present early findings in terms of patterns of Bluetooth flow and presence, and outline initial observations about how people's reaction towards the projection of their Bluetooth names practices in public. In particular we note the importance of constructing socially meaningful relations between people mediated by these technologies. We discuss initial results and outline issues raised in detail before finally describing ongoing work.


Most existing estimates of the shortage of primary care physicians are based on simple ratios, such as one physician for every 2,500 patients. These estimates do not consider the impact of such ratios on patients' ability to get timely access to care. They also do not quantify the impact of changing patient demographics on the demand side and alternative methods of delivering care on the supply side. We used simulation methods to provide estimates of the number of primary care physicians needed, based on a comprehensive analysis considering access, demographics, and changing practice patterns. We show that the implementation of some increasingly popular operational changes in the ways clinicians deliver care—including the use of teams or " pods, " better information technology and sharing of data, and the use of nonphysicians—have the potential to offset completely the increase in demand for physician services while improving access to care, thereby averting a primary care physician shortage. A consensus exists in the United States that the current shortage of primary care physicians will worsen over the next ten years as the nation's population grows and ages and as insurance coverage expands as a result of the Affordable Care Act. 1–3 Most estimates of required numbers of primary care physicians are based on simple ratios, such as one physician for every 2,500 people. Such estimates attempt to equate the average daily patient demand with the supply of physician appointment capacity. 4 Yet these ratios ignore the issue of timely access to care, which has been widely recognized as an important dimension of health care quality. 5 The ability to offer patients same-day or next-day appointments has been demonstrated to be generally beneficial by decreasing delays and wasted capacity and increasing patient and physician satisfaction. 4,6 For this reason, " open scheduling, " which is also known as " advanced access, " was one of seven principles originally used to describe patient-centered medical homes. To achieve such an " advanced access " system, patient panel sizes need to account for the ran-domness in the daily arrival patterns of patients' requests for appointments. Given this uncertain patient demand, physician supply that simply matches the average patient demand for appointments will result in unacceptably long appointment backlogs. Therefore, patient panel sizes that allow for timely access will probably be smaller than those suggested by many of these simple ratios. 9 This insight suggests that primary care …


This paper demonstrates how a finite element model which exploits domain decomposition is applied to the analysis of three-phase induction motors. It is shown that a significant gain in CPU time results when compared with standard finite element analysis. Aspects of the application of the method which are particular to induction motors are considered: the means of improving the convergence of the nonlinear finite element equations; the choice of symmetrical sub-domains; the modelling of relative movement; and the inclusion of periodic boundary conditions.


Soil plays a major role in determining the sustainable productivity of an agroecosystem. The sustainable productivity of a soil mainly depends upon its ability to supply essential nutrients to the growing plants. The deficiency of micronutrients has become major constraint to productivity, stability and sustainability of soils. The availability of some plant nutrients is greatly affected by soil pH. The ideal soil pH is close to neutral, and neutral soils are considered to fall within a range from a slightly acidic pH of 6.5 to slightly alkaline pH of 7.5. It has been determined that most plant nutrients are optimally available to plants within 6.5–7.5 pH range, also this range of pH is generally very compatible to plant root growth. Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), and Sulphur (S) are major plant nutrients that appear to be less affected directly owing to variation in soil pH than many others, but still are to some extent.


A motion planning method that integrates global planning and local control is proposed in this paper, aiming to enable Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) to navigate automatically in two-dimensional environment. The layered cost maps are utilized and divided into global cost map and local cost map to respectively provide environment information for the global planning and local control. Specifically, the global planning is based on the path planning algorithm to establish a global optimal path on the global cost map. Under the guidance of global path, local control generates an optimal collision free trajectory with temporal information on the local cost map, which can avoid contact with surrounding obstacles. The local control operates in real-time and consider temporal information, thereby it can directly generate commands for the underlying robot motion controller. Both the simulation and experimental results are presented in support of the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed motion planning.


Fcutellum yellow with a complete border of black, slightly over twice as wide as j011g. Abdomen slightly shining black, finely scrobiculate; first and second segments fused, with short black pile on the disc and el lo wish pile on the sides; on the si'des with an elongate yellow triangle reaching almost to the yellow hind margin, the inner points well separated. Apices of the two following segments increasingly broadly ell ow, the ell ow on the fourth segment occupying nearly one-third the segment, its anterior angle being bi-convex on each side of the median notch; pile yellow; on each side of the third and fourth segments a moderately prominent gray pollinose stripe reaching from near the median anterior nortion of the segment to a point ?bout one-third from the apex and one-fniirth from the lateral margins. Hypopygium black, with black pile. In outline the abdomen is slightly narrowed to the apex of the first segment, thence graduall\~ widened to the apex of the fourth, where it is about the same width as at the base. The fif,th s'egmeilt and hypopygium are almost concealed by the fourth 2egrnent. Legs reddish yellow, the last two or three tarsi joints brownish; apical half of hind femora and a broad pre-apical band o : ~ the hind tibiae brownish. Wings ?ale brownish aiiteriorly, hya!Gle posteriorly. Holo type , male, "Fallr~: i.ezl;-L. iixhoe, Cal., !:lly 15, 1915," (E. C Van Dyke,) in the Museum of tlic Californin Academy of Sciences.


The duration of pregnancy and initiation of labour is thought to be controlled by fetal, maternal and placental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether labour influences gene expression in placenta near term. Placental samples were obtained from 27 women after vaginal delivery (labouring) and 17 samples from women after elective Caesarean section (non–labouring). All women were Caucasian and had uncomplicated pregnancies. For global gene expression analysis, 17 human oligo-arrays were used, representing 24650 genes each. An empirical Bayes analysis was applied in order to find differentially expressed genes. About 8000 genes that were represented on the arrays met our quality criteria. In labouring placentas, 92 genes were down-regulated and 94 genes were up-regulated, compared to non-labouring placentas. However, none of these were differentially expressed at a significant level (>2.5-fold change and a p-value of < 0.01). We conclude that gene expression in near term human placenta is not significantly altered by labour.


Dappula tertia Templeton was a disastrous defoliator in eucalyptus.Its morphological and biological characteristics were studied in lab and field.The results showed that it had one generation a year in Guangxi Province and overwintered as pupa and mature larva.The larva was active at 8:00-11:00 and 17:00-19:00.


The aim of the study is to elaborate the diagnostic kit for the sequence analysis of KRAS and NRAS genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (pts). Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 66 AML pts aged 18 to 82, who were treated in Sverdlovsk Regional Hematological Centre during the period 2008 2014. Distribution of the pts according to FAB-classification was as follows: AML M0 3, M1 3, M2 25, M3 7, M4 16, M4eo 2, M5 3, M6 4, M7 1, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm 1. Total RNA was extracted from leukemic cells and subjected to reverse transcription. NRAS gene exons 1-4 and KRAS gene exons 1-4 were amplified by PCR. Detection of mutations in NRAS and KRAS genes was performed by direct sequencing. Sequencing was realized using an automatic genetic analyzer ABI Prism 310. The average frequency of functionally significant mutations in KRAS and NRAS gene among the treated AML pts was 7.1% and 12.9%, respectively, and varied in different morphologic, cytogenetic subgroups and in the presence of other genetic abnormalities. Thus, they were detected only in 4 morphological subgroups: AML M0, M2, M4 and M7. In 77.8% there were samples in which RAS genes mutations were accompanied by molecular and chromosomal abnormalities such as specific translocations t(8;21)(q22;q22) and t(3;3)(q21;q26), non-random deletion del(5q) and translocation t(3;12)(q25;p13), NPM1 gene exon 12 insertions and KIT gene deletions and complex karyotype lesions. AML pts with NRAS and KRAS genes mutations characterized by poor response to standard chemotherapeutic regimens and unfavorable prognosis.


..................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ............................................................ xxi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................1 Prelude .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Strand Displacement ..........................................................................................2 1.2 Strand Displacement Tools ................................................................................3 1.3 Dissertation Layout ............................................................................................4 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................6 CHAPTER TWO: AVAILABILITY – A METRIC FOR NUCLEIC ACID STAND DISPLACEMENT SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................11 Abstract ..................................................................................................................11.................................................................................................................11 2.


AbstractThe relationship between online learning readiness, academic motivations, and perceived learning was investigated via structural equation modeling in the research. The population of the research consisted of 750 students who studied using the online learning programs of Sakarya University. 420 of the students who volunteered for the research and filled the scales via the convenience sampling method constituted the research sample. The correlational research model was used in the research. The scales of online learning readiness, academic motivation, and perceived learning were applied to the participants. The relationship among the variables of the research and the research hypotheses for the model were tested via structural equation modeling. It was revealed as a result of the research that the online-learning readiness levels of students predicted their academic motivations directly and their perceived learning indirectly. It was also found that student academic motivations predicted their perceived learning directly. The proposed model was verified in accordance with the data obtained from the research. It was determined as a result of the model obtained from the research that academic motivation is effective in increasing perceived learning in online learning, and increasing readiness is an effective way to increase academic motivation.Keywords: Online learning * Readiness * Academic motivation * Perceived learningThe internet is one of the most important technologies effectively used in almost every area of human life today, primarily in education . The internet is used for distance education applications as a complete learning setting as well as for supporting face-toface learning activities. Online learning stands out among distance education applications via the internet. Online learning is an important tendency in education (Cobb, 2009). In fact, the total number of students who have participated in online learning activities at least once has reached 6.7 million across the world according to data from 2011 (Allen & Seaman, 2012). The majority of these students have continued online learning at the university level. In Turkey, over 1 million higher education students have participated in online learning activities according to TUIK data from 2012. Many academic leaders state that online learning is as effective as face-to-face learning qualitatively and quantitatively (Allen & Seaman, 2012).Opportunities presented through online learning are one of the basic reasons for the widespread use of online learning. It is possible to access the content of online learning anytime. The content provides access to up-to-date information since it can be updated easily. It can offer interaction and communication either synchronously or asynchronously with the people who participate in its presentation or the system (Demir Kaymak & Horzum, 2013). In online learning students are not passive but active. This activeness enables them to acquire learning experiences in depth, whereby they can develop thinking skills and identify, access, and use information sources more easily (Horton, 2000).Among the advantages presented by online learning is that it centers the students and enables them to study at their own pace (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2006). Aside from this, it also helps students cooperate, interact, and communicate actively and intellectually with the content, the institution, the instructors, and other students (Moore & Kearsley, 2012). Online learning provides an opportunity for students to cooperatively learn. The process of cooperative learning helps students with the development of high-level thinking skills (Archer, Garrison, & Anderson, 1999). Students can also access information easily and complete online programs from wherever they are, such as at the workplace, through online learning (Ally, 2008).Whole content can be offered via the internet in online learning. …


Among the different cognitive training approaches tested in healthy older adults, multifactorial programs, which target higher-order processes such as memory and attention, best promote the transfer of learning to untrained cognitive processes. Objective: In the present study, we investigated the effects of a multifactorial cognitive training program on executive functions in older adults. Method: This training was developed to embed the processing of executive information in memory and attention training tasks, and mnemonic and executive strategies were implemented progressively throughout training. Results: The results showed that this training program (24 sessions, 2 sessions per week) improved executive functions in older adults (n=15; mean age=74.5±2.1). Significant improvements were found for the switching and inhibition of irrelevant stimuli. We also report enhanced performance in the efficiency of a dual-task activity. Additionally, we report that these benefits were present at the 6-month follow-up without any additional training. Conclusion: Taken together with previous results obtained with the same training protocol, the present results showed that the multifactorial training program we developed is an efficient tool to positively act on memory-related and executive aspects of the cognitive decline found in normal aging.


1H NMR spectra of 26 substituted chalcones (3-aryl-1 phenyl-2-propene-1-ones and 1-aryl-3-phenyl-2-propene-1-ones) have been studied. The chemical shifts of the α and β protons to the carbonyl group were correlated with Hammett s parameters. To gain information on the effect of the transmission of the resonance and inductive contributions of the substituents on the chemical shifts of H-α and H-β, two parameter correlations with and parameters were also perfomed. The chemical shifts of the aromatic protons of the para-disubstituted benzene ring correlated with the ai substituent increments.


Abstract : A series of studies examining how whole-body rotation affects cognitive processing is summarized, and a new experiment is described. The main question was whether rotations of the body capture attention and reduce cognitive processing capacity. An additional question was whether the attention caught is resource specific, that is, whether particular cognitive capacities are more affected than others. Previous experiments revealed that cognitive processing comes to a complete standstill while body rotations are made actively on a swivel chair. The duration of the suspension depended on the nature of the cognitive task suggesting resource specificity. In the present experiment a rotating chair was used on which subjects were rotated while performing on spatial and nonspatial tasks. Performance losses were small and limited to the spatial task. The conclusion based on the whole series of experiments is that body rotations capture general as well specific processing capacity, but that the amount of capacity caught is small, or the duration of capacity capture is short. Large attention capture is expected only if subjects execute the rotations actively. The striking similarity with the effects of eye movements on cognitive processing suggests that the active search for new information in the visual environment is the real reason why whole-body rotation can be so disturbing


We apply Heoffding's U-statistics to obtain non-asymptotic analysis for compressed sensing (CS) random matrices. These powerful (U-statistics) tools appear to apply naturally to CS theory, in particular here we focus on one particular large deviation result. We chose two applications to outline how U-statistics may apply to various CS recovery guarantees. Pros, cons, and further directions of the approach, are discussed. Restricted isometries of random matricies have well-regarded importance in CS. They guarantee i) uniqueness of sparse solutions, and ii) robust recovery. The fraction of size-k submatrices (out of all (n/k) of them), that satisfy CS-type restricted isometeries, is an U-statistic. Concentration of U-statistics predict the "average-case" behavior of such isometries. U-statistics related to Fuchs' conditions for ℓ1-minimization support recovery, are derived. This leads to bounds on the fraction of recoverable k-supports. Empirically, we observe significant improvement over a recent large deviation (non-asymptotic) bound by Donoho & Tanner, for some practical system sizes with large undersampling. The results apply regardless of column distribution, e.g. Gaussian, Bernoulli, etc. Similar concentration behavior has been empirically observed, when the sampling matrix is constructed using pseudorandom sequences (important in practice).


One of the main tasks in the operation of automotive vehicles is the development of measures to protect the environment from toxic components of exhaust gases (exhaust) of internal combustion engines. Biogas is one of the most environmentally friendly fuels for vehicles, as it produces minimal emissions of carbon dioxide and particulate matter. The gas engine runs quieter, vibration is reduced, which helps to improve the working conditions of drivers.
The article is devoted to the development of new fuel compositions based on diesel fuel (DT) and biogas (BG) that meet the requirements of their application in diesel. The article is referred to effective performance of a diesel and the performance of its opacity and toxicity when operating on mixtures consisting of 85% diesel + 15% HD and 70% diesel + 30% BG at different values of the angle of installation of an advancing of injection of fuel. The results of bench tests of diesel when working on these fuel compositions are given. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, the optimal regulation of the fuel supply equipment was determined.
According to the results of bench tests of diesel engine with mixtures of BG following conclusions: 1) When using diesel fuels with the addition of 15% HD and 30% BG optimum installation angle of an advancing of injection should be considered ?vpr angle=22?; 2) Operation diesel with additives 15% HD and 30% BG, the amount of heat, allows to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel, respectively, 15% and 30%; 3) The diesel engine works on mixed fuels with the addition of the BG is accompanied by a reduction in emissions from the exhaust gases of soot particles tend to be around the expected range of variation of the angle setting; 4) Work on mixed diesel fuels with the addition of BG in the whole considered range of variation of the angle of installation is accompanied by an increase of emissions in the EXHAUST gas of nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons.


Isotope shifts Δσ( 1 6 0 Dy- 1 6 4 Dy) in 21 spectral lines of neutral dysprosium atom (Dy I) in the UV region have been studied; for 19 lines isotope shifts are being reported for the first time. The high-resolution spectrum has been recorded on a Fourier Transform Spectrometer using highly enriched isotopes of dysprosium, excited in a all-metal hollow cathode lamp. Using the isotope shift data, we have deduced the term isotope shifts ΔT( 1 6 0 Dy- 1 6 4 Dy) for 16 high even- and 12 high odd-parity energy levels. The earlier assignments of some of the energy levels of Dy I to 4f 9 5d6s6p and 4f 9 6s 2 6p configurations have been confirmed and a few unassigned levels have been assigned to these configurations.


Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, developed by OpenAI, have the potential to revolutionize education. This study explores the potential benefits and challenges of using ChatGPT in education (or "educative AI"). Design/Approach/Methods This paper proposes a theoretical framework called "IDEE" for educative AI such as using ChatGPT and other generative AI in education, which includes identifying the desired outcomes, determining the appropriate level of automation, ensuring ethical considerations, and evaluating effectiveness. Findings The benefits of using ChatGPT in education or more generally, educative AI, include a more personalized and efficient learning experience for students as well as easier and faster feedback for teachers. However, challenges such as the untested effectiveness of the technology, limitations in the quality of data, and ethical and safety concerns must also be considered. Originality/Value This study explored the opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in education within the proposed theoretical framework.


This paper describes a relatively simple and cheap method for investigating uranium/radium disequilibrium by means of the centroid expansion of the composite 186 keV spectral line from 235 U and 226 Ra decay. The method has the advantage that it substantially decreases systematic errors and is independent of detector volume, and the shape, dimensions and chemical composition of the samples. An application of the method to different geochemical studies is demonstrated.


Let us work on the numerator. The aim is to rewrite it as a linear combination of γ piece, iσqν piece and q μ piece. The reason is the following. It is only γ piece which receives the wave function renormalization at this order, as we will see later. Therefore, iσqν piece is finite by itself. Furthermore, this is the piece which generates the anomalous magnetic moment, and hence it is useful to separate them from the physics point of view as well. We will benefit from the fact that the δΓ is sandwiched between ū(p′) and u(p).


Based on the sample research that makes test objects from the students who are still in Grade one in Liedong Junior High School of Sanming City,Fujian Province and who are from the two comparable classes,having Carried on counseling them on how to get on well with classmates for three years,this paper firstly probes into the relationship between the students' individual status in class-collective and their records of studies.And the result shows that those who are discriminated against and unwelcome are badly influenced on their study and their records of studies is poor;and those who have little interest in companion contact and does not get on well with others,often eccentrically,there are no signs that they are closely affected by this.Then this paper points out that junior high students often show unwillingness for teacher's instruction opinion and this offers good advice that to instruct students to get on well with others must begin from very early stages.


Rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing through 3D printing has significantly impacted business, industrial, and research activities as a rapidly emerging technology whose significance continues to grow. This new technology has been shown to lower the manufacturing costs in a wide array of applications that range in diversity from manufacturing nuclear power plant components to multi materials, and fabricating tissues and organs for human bodies to carbon fiber reinforced parts at unprecedented rates for private jets [1]. The investigation of several heated platforms under operating conditions forms the basis for this paper from which the thermal coefficients of each product are experimentally derived. From this testing and derivation, intriguing observations regarding each platforms performance is presented.


Asymptotical stability independent of delay differential equation can be expressed in terms of zero criteria for polynomials in two independent complex variables. The necessary and sufficient conditions are given which differ from those obtained in the former literature.


work function within such settings. As changes in health care occur, there is a need for social work responses to adapt and keep pace with the changes, and the book will assist with this. The final section of the book, covering organizational issues, is perhaps of less interest to readers in the UK, unless, as with this reader, there is a desire to understand more about systems and funding from the perspective of the US. It is here that the lack of a similar UK-based text is most apparent, although this may be addressed, in part, by forthcoming publications (for example, Bradley and Manthorpe, 2000). The book is clearly written, and is thought-provoking concerning the role of the social work practitioner in health settings and the nature of the linkage between health and social care. Despite the fact that it is American in origin, it is of relevance to multi-disciplinary and international audiences and contains much which will be of interest to students and educators as well as practitioners.


Abstract. We report results of lidar studies of the atmospheric aerosols present above the city of Sofia during four episodes of wintertime Saharan dust intrusions in the last decade. The optical and microphysical properties of the detected aerosols, as well as the aerosol layering and dynamics, are retrieved and characterized. By combining lidar results with in situ PM10 concentration measurement data and air-transport modeling/forecast data, the effects of mixing and interaction of desert aerosols with local ones are analyzed as dependent on the altitude range, phase, and intensity of the dust load events. Included in the analysis are also meteorological radiosonde data, which allow us to ascertain the direct and strong influence of the desert air and aerosols on the local atmospheric conditions and meteorological parameters and thus, indirectly, on essential components of the local weather, such as the seasonal thermal regime and the regimes of cloud formation and precipitation. Using online resources, color maps of air temperature anomalies in the region for the days of lidar measurements are also provided based on climatological data over the three preceding decades. The results presented are in conformity with previously published statistical data of other authors and indicate that the wintertime intrusions of warm air masses from North Africa carrying Saharan dust to Europe, and particularly to the Balkans, rare and atypical until recently, nowadays show a trend of increasing in terms of frequency and intensity, pointing to deviations in the seasonal regime of the involved intercontinental air circulation systems.


The utility model discloses a pore edge stress detection system of a composite open pore structure. The pore edge stress detection system comprises a pore edge pre-tightening force loading unit, a shearing unit and a measuring unit; the pore edge pre-tightening force loading unit comprises a pedestal, a step motor, a transmission device and a loading screw; the shearing unit comprises a speed regulating motor, a transmission control system, a first clamping head, a second clamping head, a framework, a first bracket and a second bracket; test pieces to be tested are arranged on the first clamping head and the second clamping head; and a grating moire fringe interferometer is adopted in the measuring unit and arranged on the framework. Pre-tightening load is performed on the test pieces through the step motor, the shearing acting force is applied by the speed regulating motor, and scale lines of two directions are marked on the first clamping head and the second clamping head, so that shearing load and/or orifice pre-tightening force can be applied to the test pieces to be tested, the test pieces and the grating before and after drilling can be accurately positioned, and errors caused by position change due to drilling are eliminated.


The essay explores Henry Slonimsky's philosophy of religion. For Slonimski, suffering -not wondering- is the origin of thought. Midrash is the means for developing this intuition. As an art in the interest of religion, the midrash is instrumental in interpreting the silence and/or the absence of God in the world. In this context, biblical-rabbinic anthropomorphism is re-evaluated as a mythical-symbolic language in order to convey God. God and human beings share a special partnership in the Chaoskampf, in the battle against the forces of evil.


Sn(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ) complexes of p chloroacetophenone thiosemicarbazone were synth esized by the electrochemical oxidation of anodic metal into non aqueous solven t.The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis,IR,UV,and molar conduct ivity.


We study the complexities of boolean formulae based combinatorial prob ems like satisfiability, tautology, and some counting problems when restricted to the vari ous closed sets of boolean functions. A set of boolean functions is called closed if it is closed under s uperposition (i.e. substitution, permutation of variables, identification of variables, and in troduction of fictive variables). Already in the twenties E. L. P OST gave a complete characterization of all closed sets of boolean functions which is heavily used in this paper. We give a complete solut ion to the initial question in the form of dichotomy theorems of the following kind: Given a finit e setB of boolean functions. The satisfiability problem restricted to the boolean formulae which can be gen rated from the functions ofB by superposition is easy to solve, if B is a subset of one of four specified closed sets of boolean functions. Otherwise it is NP-complete. There exists an algorit hm which decides which of the cases takes place. Similar results are proved for the other problems. Relat ed work has been done in [Sch78, CH96, CH97, Cre95, RV98, KST97] where only boolean form ulae in conjunctive normal form were considered.


A wireless communication system performs high-speed transmission of information signals by using a multi-band approach. Each band spans about 500MHz. A flexible modulation scheme within each band employs time, amplitude and phase modulations, allowing adaptation of the data rate to the sub-band conditions. In addition, pseudo-random frequency sequence is employed to provide sufficient multi- user interference reduction.


The ratio of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) is not the only tool to explore the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and Sclerostin work on osteoblasts in the opposite way. Eight hormones (Growth Hormone, Calcitriol, Androgen, Estrogen, Calcitonin, Thyroxin, Cortisol and Parathyroid Hormone) regulate behaviors of osteoblasts and osteoclasts at different levels. Seven cytokines (Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Tumor necrosis factoralpha, Histamine, Interleukin-1, 4, 12 and 13) affect their behaviors in different pathways. Lifespans of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, and endothelium are different, while hormone levels of Growth Hormone, Estrogen, Androgen and Thyroxin change with aging. The unbalanced behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts could induce the excessive bone formation and the abnormal bone resorption, which project on a radiography as radiolucency or radiopacity or mixed lucent-opaque lesions. The paper tried to reorganize new findings for clinicians to identify systemic and local risks of non-genetic oral and maxillofacial osteogenic conditions (OMOCs).


Three samples of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSEL) designed by Vixar Inc. are studied. The central wavelength of the lasers is about 894.6 nm (D1 line of cesium). The threshold currents of laser generation are measured. The laser injection current is modulated at microwave frequency about 4.596 GHz that is a half of Cs ground- state hyperfine splitting frequency. Dependence of phase modulation index of laser radiation on microwave power is determined. The observed deviations of laser properties from sample to sample are compared to other works. A particular attention is paid to observation of additional optical frequencies (ghost modes) in the laser spectra, having the same polarization as the main spectral sidebands. This effect can harm metrological characteristics of various quantum devices where VSCELs are nowadays used. The optimal regimes of laser performance to avoid generation of the ghost modes are found. Also, asymmetry of the spectra caused by a residual amplitude modulation is measured. The results can be important for creation of various VCSEL-based quantum devices (atomic clocks, magnetometers).Three samples of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSEL) designed by Vixar Inc. are studied. The central wavelength of the lasers is about 894.6 nm (D1 line of cesium). The threshold currents of laser generation are measured. The laser injection current is modulated at microwave frequency about 4.596 GHz that is a half of Cs ground- state hyperfine splitting frequency. Dependence of phase modulation index of laser radiation on microwave power is determined. The observed deviations of laser properties from sample to sample are compared to other works. A particular attention is paid to observation of additional optical frequencies (ghost modes) in the laser spectra, having the same polarization as the main spectral sidebands. This effect can harm metrological characteristics of various quantum devices where VSCELs are nowadays used. The optimal regimes of laser performance to avoid generation of the ghost modes are found. Also, asymmetry of the spectra caused by a residual amplitude modulation...


This report pertains to a consultant visit during November 17-22 1997 and discusses a workplan with USAID-Benin the Director of Family Health UNICEF the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Borgou Departmental Health Director and local governor. Over the past year BASICS has conducted assessments of potential child survival interventions and prepared recommendations based on its assessments. The proposed recommended workplan focused on interventions in nutrition Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) the African Integrated Malaria Initiative (AIMI) behavior change and an expanded program on immunization. The appendices include the workplan timeline and annual financial report. The next steps involve the recruitment of a local coordinator a review of the scope of work for USAID-Benins Fakambi a draft and approval of a memorandum of understanding and logistical arrangements. There is a strong possibility of sharing rented space with the Africare BINGOS project in Parakou Borgou an administrative assistant and an Africare vehicle. Dr. Kone or the Regional Nutrition Advisor will return to join a selection committee of Borgou department officials. The candidate must be capable of coordinating BASICS activities in Borgou and other regions. Activities in Borgou will include the Directeur de Sante Familiale the governor BASICS and USAID-Benin parties who all need to agree and sign the memorandum of understanding. Mid-December 1997 is the target date for completion.


The paper discusses two self-organizing neural network (NN) architectures, the neural gas network and the Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) for the adaptive sampling and the reduction of the dimensionality of the set of probing points in the measurement of the nonuniform elastic properties of 3D objects.


Objective: To evaluate the effects of mycophenolate mofeil(MMF) in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods: The studies analyzed the clinical trials which treated IgA nephropathy with MMF or MMF with steroids and were published from 1997 to 2011.There were 9 clinical trials which studied with MMF on the treatment of IgA nephropathy enrolled in the analysis.Fixed-effect model or random effects model for meta-analysis was according to the heterogeneity across the selected studies.Results: MMF treatment was effective in lowering proteinuria comparing with control group,but MMF treatment did not have statistically significant effects in protecting renal function in patients with IgA nephropathy.Conclusion: MMF can lower proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy,however,its long term effect on renal function protection needs to be studied.


This paper shows that the link between debt restructuring and enterprise investment in emerging economies hinges critically on the political connections. Taking Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2005 to 2016 as samples, we examine whether and how political connections affect the relationship between debt restructuring and enterprise investment based on the DID method. The results show that compared with nonpolitically connected enterprises, debt restructuring effectively improves the investment efficiency in enterprises with political ties, which is mainly due to alleviating the overinvestment and underinvestment. Furthermore, the positive effect of debt restructuring on investment is more prominent in enterprises with weak strength of political connection. It is worth noting that as the strength of political connection increases from weak to strong, the positive impact of debt restructuring on investment turns to negative impact, which reflects the heterogeneity of connection strength on the relation between debt restructuring and investment. This paper provides new evidence for understanding the investment behaviour of debt restructuring enterprises and provides some policy implications for managers and decision-makers intending to improve the investment efficiency and enhance the sustainable development of enterprises from the perspective of political connections.


The basic problem in target motion analysis (TMA) is to estimate the trajectory of an object from noise corrupted measurement data. The position and velocity of an emitter source can be determined from the bearing angle measurements of a passive observer. The paper introduces the recently developed unscented Kalman filter (UKF) in application to bearings-only tracking. What is more, the UKF is compared to the traditional extended Kalman filter (EKF). Simulation shows that the method performs very well even under the adverse circumstances of a noisy environment.


"misery," and states that "it must be terrible for a blind child to cross even the quietest of streets." Clearly, Lawson has not accepted her daughter's blindness and does not respect her child's ability to function competently in the world. This article is legitimate as one woman's perceptions, but it could have been balanced by a piece reflecting a healthier view. As it is, it reinforces stereotypes about disability as tragedy, stereotypes which are blessedly absent in the rest of the anthol-


A new metabolite, 6-ethylsalicylic acid, was shown to accompany 6-methylsalicylic acid in cultures of Mycobacterium phlei grown on media supplemented with propionate. Mass spectral analyses of the aromatic acid fractions obtained after growth in the presence of β,β,β-tridenteropropionate demonstrate that the ethyl group derives from propionate. It is postulated that this bacterium can use a propionate 'starter' unit in elaboration of a polyketomethylene chain.


The following account by MM. L. Capitan and Papillault of the discovery and identification of the body of Paul Jones after burial for a hundred and thirteen years, is so interesting that we need offer our readers no apologies for reproducing it from the pages of the lievue d'JEcole d'Anthropologic, tome viii., 1905. Amongst the eminent ancestors of Americans of the United States, ancestors who, naturally, are not yet very old, there was one who died in Paris at the end of the eighteenth century, and whose body it was earnestly desired to discover, in order that it might receive the honour due to it, and be carried back to America


Professional computer abstracting programs such as McAuto and other networking systems are not costeffective for facilities of 100 beds or less. Faced with this reality and having prior acute care abstracting experience, I began "computerizing" my department by selecting IBM's Symphony, a data base management program. After four and a half years of refining the system, the facility's quality assurance program is based on monthly discharge data gleaned from charts and then input into the computer. There are five different screens, each with the same basic demographic data: i.e., medical record number, discharge date, length of stay, physician identification number and unit. The variables can be "sorted," allowing for pattern analysis or profiling. The Diagnostic Index screen includes, besides four diagnoses, whether the patient went through withdrawal; had an EEG or ECT; made an inhouse suicide attempt; was transferred to an emergency room; or was placed in seclusion or restraints. The Physician Index screen includes the attending physician, consulting physicians (or any consultants, i.e., dietary, speech and hearing, etc.), health professional affiliates, patient name and primary diagnosis. The Medical Record screen provides 100% review of the timeliness of record completion. Discharged charts are reviewed to see if psychiatric and historylphysical exams are dictated within 24 hours, social histories are done within 72 hours of admission, and whether the reports were typed within 24 hours of dictation. The Patient Index screen includes patient demographic data as well as whether the patient was readmitted within 30, 60 or 90 days; where the patient was admitted from (home, another facility, or an emergency room); the disposition of the patient (home, death, another health care


The history of the Persian Gulf during the 18th century is still little known. This gap is now being filled by the historian and renowned scholar Willem Floor. This study tells the fascinating story of the shift in trade from the lower to the upper Gulf, while there was also a partial shift of trade from the northern Persian coast to the southern Arab coast. It tells of the departure of first the Dutch then the British trading companies, and the rise of the local rulers who began to dominate political developments, whether it was the Imam of Oman in Masqat, the Qavasem in the Strait of Hormuz, the Ka'b in the Shatt al-Arab, Sheikh Naser in Bushire and Bahrain, Mir Mohanna in Dashtestan and at the head of the Gulf, and the 'Otobis at Kuwait, Bahrain and Zubara. And finally it tells of how, because of a lack of interest by the Persian and Ottoman governments in the region, the Bombay fleet of the East India Company increasingly used their naval power to protect commercial interests in the Gulf, which paved the way for a similar role played by the British Royal Navy in the 19th century.


Issue addressed: The images and values used by health advertising may produce counter outcomes to those intended. Methods: Three age cohorts (11-12, 14-15 and 18-25 years old) of girls and young women, sampled from low, medium and high socio-economic status backgrounds, were asked about the content of televised commercial and public health advertising to women. Transcripts of group discussions and follow-up interviews were thematically analysed. Results: Clear age-related cognitive and attitudinal differences, grouped into values and audience segmentation fit, were found. However, poor self-comparisons with advertising models, failure to identify with content, and adoption of dominant health values were common to all. The use of high-value visual imagery was paradoxically supported and rejected as were the overt health messages in the advertising. Conclusions: There is a wide range of responses to health advertising material related to social contexts and diverse experience. Some of these responses may bring unintended effects for individuals in both target and general audiences.


A gas removal system that removes a halogen gas remaining inside a processing chamber after executing a specific type of processing inside the processing chamber maintained in an airtight state with plasma obtained through discharge dissociation of the halogen gas supplied from a gas supply device comprises a pressure control device that controls the pressure inside the processing chamber, an air supply device that supplies the atmospheric air into the processing chamber after the pressure inside the processing chamber is lowered by the pressure control device, a control device that controls the air supply device and an evacuation device that evacuates a gas produced through a reaction of the halogen gas and the atmospheric air having occurred inside the processing chamber.


Introduction: Recent reports in adult humans suggest that heart rate variability is modulated by the concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in blood cell membranes. Material and methods: Hurst analysis of ECG data was conducted on 12 male adult hooded (Long-Evans) rats, representing the 3 rd generation to be fed diets that were either deficient in, or supplemented with, omega-3 PUFA. ECG data were obtained from surface electrodes and 4000 beats were analyzed for each animal. Results: Dietary manipulation, despite leading to large changes in tissue omega- 3 PUFA levels, did not significantly affect the complexity of heart rate dynamics, with Hurst exponent (H) values of 0.15±0.02 and 0.12±0.03, for animals fed omega- 3 fatty acid-adequate and -deficient diets, respectively. Mean heart rate was also unaffected by the diets. A power calculation revealed that about one hundred animals per group would have been required to avoid a type II error. Conclusions: According to this model of dietary PUFA manipulation, omega-3 fatty acids are unlikely to exert a large effect on the autonomic functions that control heart rate variability. Prospective studies into the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on HRV should consider the need for large sample size as estimated by the results contained in this report.


The article have been analysis the impact of macroeconomic events on the environmental situation in Ukraine. Determined that the macroeconomic and political instability in the country during the reform inefficient tax system, inefficient use of limited funds for public spending are the main obstacles to environmental management. The propositions for conducting environmental and balanced macroeconomic policy.


Knitted fabric is very different from woven fabric due to its more complicated knitting structures. The buckling of knitted fabric sheets subjected to simple shear in the wale direction is investigated analytically in consideration of the large deformation of fabric sheet in critical configuration. The theory on instability of finite deformation is applied to the analysis. All the stress boundary conditions of knitted fabric sheet are satisfied. An equation to determine the buckling direction angle is derived. It is shown that there are two possible buckling modes, flexural mode and barreling mode. The buckling condition equations for the flexural mode and barreling mode are also obtained respectively. Numerical illustrations reveal that only the flexural mode can actually occur and the barreling mode cannot, which agrees with the experimental observations. For a permitted buckling mode on margin boundaries, the critical value of shear amount and the buckling direction angle can be determined.


The usefulness of the NDSI is based on the fact that snow and ice are considerably more reflective in the visible than in the shortwave IR part of the spectrum, and the reflectance of most clouds remains high in the short-wave IR, while the reflectance of snow is low. The current scheme in NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) applies this method to the MODIS (ModerateResolution Imaging Spectrometer) instrument for its standard snow map product. The NDSI helps distinguish snow from similarly bright soil, rock and cloud and has been shown to be an effective index for mapping snow cover in rugged terrain. In this paper, spectral mixture algorithms have been used to estimate sub-pixel snow cover and comparison with higher spatial resolution data has proven the effectiveness these techniques.


Thick upper Ordovician and Silurian conglomerate bodies in the northern Appalachian eugeosynclinal belt are exposed in three tectonic slices on New World Island in eastern Notre Dame Bay, north-central Newfoundland. The conglomerate is distinctive in being polymictic with many clasts of acidic plutonic rocks. Sedimentary structures in conglomerate and interbedded finer clastic rocks indicate that many conglomerate beds are fluxoturbidites, particularly in the northern tectonic slice which adjoins the Lukes Arm fault. The conglomerate typically is thickly bedded, poorly graded, and shows channels at the base of beds. The rounded pebbles probably were shaped in a littoral environment and carried into the basin by high-density turbidity currents, slumping, and sliding. The abundance of fluxoturbidites and the presence of the coarsest pebbles in the northern slice, as well as paleoecologic data, suggest that the conglomerate units were derived from north of the Lukes Arm fault; this interpretation is supported by paleocurrent and provenance data. The dominant igneous clasts are dacite porphyry, basaltic rocks, andesite, and tonalite; no clasts of regionally metamorphosed rock are found. Modal analyses of tonalite clasts are closely similar to those of the Twillingate batholith, which is north of the Lukes Arm fault. In the New World Island area, plutonic rocks were exposed to erosion by late Ordovician time. The Taconian orogeny consisted of plutonism and block faulting, and possibly folding, from medial Ordovician through early Silurian time, and there was progression from flysch- to molasse-type sedimentation laterally and vertically. The history of the area is much like that of the Southern Uplands, Scotland. Comparison of the Newfoundland conglomerate units with other eugeosynclinal plutonic-pebble conglomerate shows that plutonic pebbles first appear in the flysch stage of eugeosynclinal development. Furthermore, the tonalitic character of the oldest granitic plutons in Newfoundland and in certain eugeosynclinal belts elsewhere suggests that a simatic or semi-simatic crust might be considered as the eugeosynclinal basement, whereas, in other eugeosynclinal belts, data clearly show that plutonic pebbles are derived from uplifts of sialic basement.


Learning Objectives: Half of all patients undergoing cardiac surgery experience post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) following surgery. POAF has been associated with an increased length of stay, hospital costs, and rates of stroke. A wide variety of pharmacologic prophylaxis methods exist with variations in perioperative timing, duration, agent, and dosing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate national practice patterns of POAF prophylaxis in the cardiac surgery population. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed pharmacist members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy specializing in critical care or cardiology. Assessments included: (1) institution demographics; (2) preference of beta blocker; (3) prophylaxis dosing strategy; (4) established drug protocols. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: The response included 54 pharmacists representing 54 different institutions. Of these responses, 30 (56%) of the hospitals had ≥ 17 ICU or cardiovascular beds. Overall, beta-blockers were routinely used in 40 out of 54 (74%) institutions for pharmacologic prophylaxis, with metoprolol tartrate being the preferred beta-blocker in 29 out of 40 (75%) centers. Amiodarone was used in 22 out of 54 (40%) of the institutions. When amiodarone was used, a postoperative or perioperative loading dose plus initiation of a maintenance dose was used in 13 out of 22 (59%) institutions but doses varied widely. A protocol for POAF prophylaxis was established in 17 out of 54 (31%) of the institutions. Conclusions: Even with abundant evidence available in literature concerning prophylaxis of POAF, the majority of institutions surveyed did not have a protocol in place. Dosing strategies and doses were largely variable; however, beta-blockers and amiodarone were the most consistently used agents as recommended by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. The assessment of practice trends in POAF prophylaxis would benefit from a larger population survey study. CCMCritical Care MedicineCrit Care Med0090-3493Lippincott Williams & WilkinsHagerstown, MD CCM


ABSTRACT The concentration dependency of diffusion coefficients of hygroscopic materials can usually only be calculated by cumbersome experimental techniques. Taking the diffusion rate in the fictious steady state with the same mean moisture concentration as in the regular regime of the drying process of a spherical hygroscopic particle (which means the drying period not influenced by initial moisture distributions) into account, a simple method is proposed to estimate the dependency of diffusion coefficients on the moisture concentration for hygroscopic materials from drying rate curves of the single particle.


The Social Epidemiology Discussion Papers (SEDiP) series is a forum presenting work in progress. SEDiP is intended to aid the rapid distribution of such work, preliminary research findings, and lectures by researchers in social epidemiology and neighbouring fields. SEDiP papers aim to stimulate discussion among a global community of scholars, policymakers, and practitioners. Abstract Menschen ohne Schweizer Pass verzeichneten in der Schweiz während der COVID-19-Pande-mie eine höhere Zunahme der


Since 1997, until the present, UK Government policy has increasingly acknowledged the principle of work-life balance and problems of work-time excess. The present paper contributes to our understanding of these issues via a theoretically-informed longitudinal investigation of time-use among members of an increasingly important demographic group — dual career households. The seminal approaches to work-time offered by Gary Becker, Catherine Hakim, and David Laibman are outlined, then evaluated using data extracted from the 1996 and 2008 British Household Panel Survey. Our study identifies significant, unexplained dissatisfaction with working hours for many men and women in dual career households, and that women tend to have less pure consumption time than men. This pattern does not accord well with theories of time-allocation which place great weight on preferences.


The purpose of this article is to examine journals about the implementation of the independent curriculum using (Learning Manajement System) LMS. This article is discussed qualitatively using a literature study from the perspective of critical discourse analysis by examining several journals that are relevant to the topic. The steps taken are (1) collecting data from relevant journals (2) analyzing reading material from journals and making conclusions from the topic of implementing the independent curriculum using the (Learning Manajement System) LMS. The results of the study in this article show that the implementation of the independent curriculum is related to (Learning Manajement System) LMS. Implementation of the independent learning curriculum is carried out using interrelated (Learning Manajement System) LMS.


BACKGROUND
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) has a rather low incidence (1-3%) of all congenital heart disease. Intracardiac TAPVR represent 25-30% of all TAPVR.

AIM
To report our results and long-term follow-up of surgical management of intracardiac TAPVR.

METHODS
Retrospective study of 7 patients with intra cardiac TAPVR treated surgically between Mai 1992 and July 2007.

RESULTS
The surgical technique has been an intra atrial procedure in all cases. We didn't report any early post-operative death. Early postoperative complications were principally pulmonary infections. We report one death at three months of follow-up caused by laryngeal stenosis. Late follow-up was good for all patients.

CONCLUSION
Good result of surgical treatment of intracardiac TAPVR depends on early diagnosis and adequate surgical technique.


Abstract The degradation of LAS was investigated in distilled, tap and sea water. The analysis of LAS in HPLC showed that the number and size of peaks decreased during the test. Degradation began the first day and continued rapidly. LAS degraded in 20 days 84.8% in distilled water, in 14 days 84.8% in tap water and in 14 days 93.2% in sea water. The number of peaks were diminished and their areas reduced on HPLC chromatograms of LAS during the tests. The degradation of LAS was ranked as sea water g tap water g distilled water.


Chapter 16 describes and illustrates using storyboards the basics of blocking and shooting three-character dialogue. Well-designed coverage supports the drama and creates shots that match and cut well to maintain continuity and simplify editing. In two-characters dialogue scenes, the configuration of the actors is usually quite symmetrical, and their shots can be mirrored so that they match. With three characters the geometry is more complicated, but there are standard templates that can be used to design shots that cut well. Usually some portions of three-character dialogue are exchanges between pairs of characters. These parts of the dialogue can be covered using two-character dialogue templates, and how to integrate this coverage into a three-character dialogue scene using logical and clear eyelines is described and storyboarded. Three-person dialogue involving standing, seated, and walking characters is considered.


Indonesia is a Legal State whose all aspects of citizens' lives are always rules and norms, be it sanctions or legal responsibilities that participate in growing in society. Responsibilitycan not only be imposedon the wrong-maker but the victim can shoulder this. From the statement, there are problems, namely the legal protection of victims of fetal abortion rape reviewed from a human rights perspective and criminal sanctions againstfetal abortion perpetrators based on human rights. This study aims to determine how the law of covering rape victims who perform fetal abortion. This writing uses the normative legal writing method where the writing is about principles, norms, and rules. In this writing the rape victim who decided to abort her fetus, this certainly makes the responsibility carried also by the victim who abortions her fetus caused by rape and makes the pregnancy that is not stopped that leads to abortion. Surely this is very contrary to the criminal law as well as the human rights of thefetus. Thispaper describesthat the responsibility of rape victims to the fetus abortion can be seen in terms of the human rights of a fetus and the victim himself.


A unique characteristic of lithium batteries, as compared to other cell chemistries, is the thermal behavior exhibited during charge. The contribution of the entropic (reversible) heat source is dominantly endothermic in nature. However, it has also been found to be a source of exothermic heat if the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery is at a specific level. Past researchers have attributed this to a phase change of the active material. For either mode of behavior, the strength of the heat source itself is directly proportional to a factor called the entropic coefficient. The entropic coefficient is not a constant factor and its value varies with different SOC levels.


Energy efficiency (EE) is the main target of wireless communication nowadays. In this paper, we investigate hybrid precoding (HP) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems for a high-altitude platform (HAP). The HAP is an emerging solution operating in the stratosphere at an amplitude of up to 20–40 km to provide communication facilities that can achieve the best features of both terrestrial and satellite systems. The existing hybrid beamforming solution on a HAP requires a large number of high-resolution phase shifters (PSs) to realize analog beamforming and radio frequency (RF) chains associated with each antenna and achieve better performance. This leads to enormous power consumption, high costs, and high hardware complexity. To address such issues, one possible solution that has to be tweaked is to minimize the number of PSs and RFs or reduce their power consumption. This study proposes an HP sub-connected low-resolution bit PSs to address these challenges while lowering overall power consumption and achieving EE. To significantly reduce the RF chain in a massive MIMO system, HP is a suitable solution. This study further examined adaptive cross-entropy (ACE), a machine learning-based optimization that optimizes the achievable sum rate and energy efficiency in the Rician fading channel for HAP massive MIMO systems. ACE randomly generates several candidate solutions according to the probability distribution (PD) of the elements in HP. According to their sum rate, it adaptively weights these candidates' HP and improves the PD in HP systems by minimizing the cross-entropy. Furthermore, this work suggests energy consumption analysis performance evaluation to unveil the fact that the proposed technique based on a sub-connected low-bit PS architecture can achieve near-optimum EE and sum rates compared with the previously reported methods.


The expanding applications of nanotechnology seem to be a response to many technological, environmental, and medical challenges. The unique properties of nanoparticles allow for developing new technologies and therapies. Among many investigated compounds is manganese and its oxides, which in the form of nanoparticles, could be a promising alternative for gadolinium-based contrast agents used in diagnostic imaging. Manganese, which is essential for living organisms as an enzyme cofactor, under excessive exposure—for example, due to water contamination or as an occupational hazard for welders—can lead to neurological disorders, including manganism—a condition similar to Parkinson's disease. This review attempts to summarise the available literature data on the potential applications of manganese and manganese oxide nanoparticles and their biological activity. Some of the published studies, both in vitro and in vivo, show negative effects of exposure to manganese, mainly on the nervous system, whereas other data suggest that it is possible to develop functionalised nanoparticles with negligible toxicity and novel promising properties.


Brazil's experience with affirmative action policies in higher education started in the year of 2003. This paper analyzes inclusion policies in both the public and the private sectors of higher education which differ a lot in the country. It shows how these policies have encouraged increased diversity among students, welcoming groups that have been virtually absent from higher education: poor, blacks, natives, and people with disability thus benefiting those that have been historically unprivileged in Brazilian society. Being a country of immense inequalities, Brazil through these policies will benefit from a set of professionals, whose life experiences are closer to that of the population. An important consequence of the implementation of affirmative action policies at universities has been the public debate on how to combat poverty and racism in a society that used to see itself as a racial democracy.


Critical heat flux (CHF) has been measured on rectangular heated surfaces 40, 60 and 80 mm in length and 10 and 20 mm in width during forced convective boiling with a plane jet. The experiments were carried out at jet velocities of 3 to 15 m/s, subcooling temperatures of 0 to 60 K, and system pressures of 0.1 to 3.1 MPa, depending on the test liquid, i. e., water and R22. The experimental results show that most of the existing correlations can be applied to the CHF of saturated water, but is barely applicable to the CHF of saturated R22. After the effects of jet velocity and subcooling on the CHF are elucidated, a new correlation including the effect of subcooling for prediction of most of the CHF data within an accuracy of ±20 percent is proposed. This correlation for saturation conditions is found to agree with that theoretically derived by application of the Katto and Haramura criterion to this system.


We studied compositional disordering of GaAs‐AlGaAs superlattices induced by focused Si ion beam implantation and subsequent annealing with different doses and scan speeds by secondary ion mass spectrometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The results indicate that the Al‐Ga intermixing is enhanced by substitutional exchange of Si‐Si pairs with vacancies as in the case of the unfocused implantation. However, with a slow scan implantation, it is confirmed that the implantation‐induced defects suppress the Si diffusion and consequently Al‐Ga interdiffusion.


The poster reflects the current but experimental state of parallelism in MuPAD 1. This includes the parallel language constructs, some results obtained by using the parallel s tatements of the MuPAD language, the concepl; of a parallel source code debugger for the MuPAD language and technical details about the current implementation. I t is also important to remark tha t MuPAD is a general purpose computer algebra system whose language contains parallel instructions so it is completely different from existing parallel computer algebra softwares which are extensions of existing systems or parallel computer algebra libraries.


In this paper, we establish an existence and global attractivity results for a hybrid differential equation of quadratic type on unbounded intervals of real line with the mixed arguments of anticipations and retardation. A positivity result is also obtained under some usual natural conditions. Our hypotheses and claims have also been explained with the help of a natural realization.