RecentincreasesinurbanincomeinequalityinChina are mirrored in increases in increasing inequality in expenditures. Thisamountstoprimafacieevidenceofimperfectinsurance. Here weuseamodelofrisk-sharingwithlimitedcommitmenttoimpose structure on the evolution of inequality, and use data from urban Chinese households to estimate and test this model. Understanding the future efiects of globalization on inequality re- quires us to have some sort of model (either economic or statistical) which flrst admits changes which may be attributed to globalization (that is, \globalization" must be translated into something speciflc in the model); and which second permits us to make predictions regarding changes in inequality as a consequence of these changes. Models having complete marketsla Arrow-Debreu yield fully Pareto e-cient outcomes; in such a model any changes in inequality must be preferred by all market participants, and so yield little in terms of inter- esting policy implications. Complete market models in which house- holds are possessed of Gorman aggregable preferences yield the very strong prediction that the distribution of consumption across house- holds is invariant. More interesting are models in which some friction prevents allocations from being fully Pareto optimal, and which are possessed of su-cient dynamic structure to yield interesting predic- tions regarding the evolution of the distribution of consumption. In this paper we describe such a model, one which incorporates a sim- ple form of limited commitment. The model extends earlier research on dynamic risk-sharing with limited commitment (e.g., Kocherlakota, 1996; Kletzer and Wright, 2000; Ligon et al., 2002) by adding a notion of trading costs related to distance or trade barriers, permitting the en- dogenous assignment of households to various production technologies, allowing arbitrary (but possibly costly) capital ∞ows, and arbitrary variation in the technologies available to enforce contracts, both over


ABSTRACT This study examines the influence of ethnic language on the endogamy of three East Asian groups, which have been previously omitted within intermarriage research. The study findings present important indications of ethnic language playing a key role in endogamy amongst East Asian groups. Providing for this key component, the groups were divided into U.S. born vs. foreign-born East Asians. Amongst foreign-born East Asians, the effect of English ability provided significance over U.S. born East Asians. Separate examinations of Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans presented diverse patterns of endogamy, migration, and ethnic language retention. Specifically, findings provided insight to high levels of endogamy amongst U.S. born Japanese due to ethnic concentration, despite their loss of ethnic language.


In this paper we present recent results on fabrication of SAW devices on AlN/single-crystal diamond. The AlN thin film was deposited by sputtering technique, optimized to achieve an high degree of orientation value of the c-axis perpendicular to the plate surface (rocking curve FWHM ap 3.5deg), while the single-crystal diamond was grown by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MWPECVD) on High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) diamond substrate. SAW propagation on the structure has been theoretically investigated and experimentally verified by implementing both delay-lines and 1-port resonators at different normalized AlN thickness (h/lambda). Very good accordance is obtained between evaluated phase velocity dispersion curves and measured values. Frequency responses show low insertion losses and rather high Q factors, respectively, for delay-lines and resonators. Pseudo-SAW modes are also observed and reported.


To tackle the challenge of surging data rate demand, heterogeneous network (HetNet) composed of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) has been proposed as one promising solution. In addition, the LTE and WLAN Aggregation (LWA) architecture was specified recently, but few existing network selection algorithm takes consideration on the cooperation between RATs. In this paper, we propose new Aggregation based Cell Selection Methods (ACSMs) in order to deal with the cell selection problem for network with LWA architecture. The ACSM calculates the transmission ability of aggregated WLAN into the corresponding eNB's utility function. Simulation results validate that ACSM is effective for user equipment (UE) to select a suitable cellular serving cell to improve the network throughput and quality of user experience as well as the fairness among users.


Objective To explore the effects of Shihusan on the intracellular free calcium of human retina cells and the protection from the damage of glutamate. To investigate its function and mechanism in retinal degeneration diseases, and to offer the basis on which to treat the similar disease clinically. Design Experimental study. Participants Retinal cells from normal human eye. Methods Cultivation of human retinal neural cells was perfonned. The changes of fluorescent density of intracellular free calcium of cultured cells labeled with Fluo3/AM before and after adding Shihusan and verapamil were detected with laser scanning confocal microscopy. In addition, the effect of Shihusan on calcium overload provoked by glutamic acid was observed. Main Outcome Measures The level of intracellular free calcium of retinal cells. Results The retinal cells adhered, spread and grew well in vitro. The fluorescence intensity increased 88% in glutamic acid group, decreased 14.8% and 57.3% in Shihusan group and verapamil group respectively. Shihusan couldn't decrease the intracellular Ca2+ that was increased by glutamic acid, but could inhibit the increasing tendency induced by glutamic acid. The difference was significant compared to control group (P=0.000). Conclusions Shihusan might decrease the level of intracellular free calcium in cultured human retinal cells, and resist the damage of glutamate. Its mechanism was related possibly to resisting calcium overload and inhibiting apoptosis.


The utility model discloses a material distributing device which comprises a preliminary distributing mechanism, wherein the preliminary distributing mechanism comprises a swing plate, a detector, a counter, a solenoid valve, a left moving part and a right moving part, wherein the detector is connected with the counter; the counter is connected with the solenoid valve; the solenoid valve is used for controlling the left moving part and the right moving part; the left moving part and the right moving part drive the swing plate to swing; and the swing plate is movably arranged at an outlet of a conveying device of materials. Compared with the prior art, the material distributing device provided by the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and high stability.


Commercial pesticides were selected, mixed and applied in coconut stems ( Cocos nucifera Linn.) by endotherapy with various adjuvants. Tissue samples from the coconut stem were collected at different heights and days, and subjected to extraction and analysis by modified QuEChERS ("Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe") and UHPLC-MS/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry). The translocations of 3-hydroxy-carbofuran, carbendazim, carbofuran, difenoconazole, imidacloprid, thiabendazole, thiamethoxam, thiophanate-methyl and spirodiclofen, using salts, citric acid and organosilicones as adjuvants, were evaluated and compared 2 and 30 days after the applications. The results showed that each pesticide had a different translocation profile, modified by the presence of the adjuvants. The most significant modifications were obtained using organosilicones, which enhanced the translocation process by 40% for most pesticides, followed by acidification (30%) and the addition of salts (22%).


Considers the progress towards metric conversion in the US occurring even without an enunciated national plan. Reasons for the slow progress are given and the difficulties faced in particular areas are also pointed out and it is stated that the electrical engineering profession seems to have encountered few problems. Charts of conversion to metric, with derivations and special names are presented.


In this test and control system, the industrial control computer is the key department. A/D modules are used to collect the data at the hot sintering box and linearize it, then through the digital PID adjuster, the simulation amount produced by D/A module is used to control the power of an integrated phase-shift thyrister so as to control the slope at the time of different temperature, and to make the error at the time of constant temperature be between -1. 5℃ and +1. 5℃ in the heat setting technology pro- cessing of fluoroplatics products.


How much technologic material for a Technosol?. 5. International Conference of the Working Group on Soils in Urban, Industrial, Traffic, Mining and Military Areas (SUITMA)


The combination of nitrogen and silicon fertilization, in adequate amounts, can increase rice grains yield and quality. This study aimed at evaluating the yield components, grain yield and milled quality of rice grains, Primavera cultivar, according to the application of silicon combined with topdressing nitrogen fertilization, with and without irrigation, in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split-split-plot arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of cropping systems (rainfed and sprinkler irrigation) for plots, silicon doses (0 kg ha -1 and 100 kg ha -1 ) for split-plots and topdressing nitrogen doses (0 kg ha -1 , 30 kg ha -1 , 60 kg ha -1 and 90 kg ha -1 ) for split-split-plots. Irrigation increased plant height and grain yield, and the silicon application did not affect grain yield and its components or the milled rice yield of irrigated rice. The rise of N doses, under sprinkler irrigation, increased plant height, number of tillers and panicles m -2 and total spikelets, as well as grain yield, however, for the rainfed system, rice yield decreased.


During June 1980, the Hawaii Mesoscale Energy and Climate Project (HAMEC) field program was conducted in the vicinity of the island of Hawaii. The objective of the program was to use the NOAA P3 aircraft to measure meteorological variables upwind and downwind of the island to provide data to evaluate mesoscale models of airflow and cloud physics. One specific objective was to obtain flask samples upwind of the island to confirm that the CO2 values observed at the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) are representative of the free air at comparable altitudes. On 2 days, carbon dioxide flask samples were exposed aboard the aircraft at the altitude of the observatory and immediately above the trade inversion. Flask pairs in reasonable agreement were obtained on both occasions. During the same period the sampling conditions at MLO were free of obvious local contamination. The average difference between the aircraft measurements at the altitude of the observatory and the continuous CO2 record from the observatory over the same period of time was 0.8 mole fraction in ppm. Differences in the individual measurements are discussed with respect to prevailing meteorological conditions.


This week, three reports describe the first African, the first Asian, and the first cancer patient to have their entire DNA deciphered. The sequences provide clues about genome variation and disease; they also demonstrate the potential of a relatively new sequencing technique to mass-produce human genomes.


We report that an ultrathin layer of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) interposed between a bilayer cathode of LiF/Al and an emissive layer can significantly improve electroluminescence efficiency in a polymer light-emitting device (PLED). At a current density of 35 mA/cm2, a poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenyl-enevinylene] (MEH-PPV)-based PLED with a cathode of Alq3/LiF/Al has a quantum efficiency of 2.5%, considerably higher than that of a MEH-PPV-based PLED with a bare Al or a LiF/Al cathode. Interfacial characteristics of MEH-PPV/LiF/Al and MEH-PPV/Alq3/LiF/Al were investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy, and the results were used to explain the difference in device performance.We report that an ultrathin layer of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) interposed between a bilayer cathode of LiF/Al and an emissive layer can significantly improve electroluminescence efficiency in a polymer light-emitting device (PLED). At a current density of 35 mA/cm2, a poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenyl-enevinylene] (MEH-PPV)-based PLED with a cathode of Alq3/LiF/Al has a quantum efficiency of 2.5%, considerably higher than that of a MEH-PPV-based PLED with a bare Al or a LiF/Al cathode. Interfacial characteristics of MEH-PPV/LiF/Al and MEH-PPV/Alq3/LiF/Al were investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy, and the results were used to explain the difference in device performance.


The effect of system disturbances on the improvement factor of moving target indicator (MTI) processors is discussed. The effects are determined analytically and are confirmed by a simulation of a generic MTI processor. The improvement factor for both point and distributed clutter is considered, with distributed clutter placing the more stringent requirements on system stability. Pulse risetime and different statistical models for the disturbances are considered. Equations and curves relating improvement factor to disturbance allow a system analyst to determine the allowable disturbance to achieve a given improvement factor. A useful rule of thumb for the effect of leading edge jitter on improvement factor, reasonably accurate over a wide range of conditions, is given.<<ETX>>


WITH THE RECENT CREATION of Railpax, commonly known as Amtrak, a vital and picturesque aspect of American English will inevitably become a part of the past. In another generation, names like the Orange Blossom Special, the Panama Limited, the City of New Orleans, the Hiawatha, the Empire Builder, the Rocky Mountain Rocket, the Golden State, the City of San Francisco, the Super Chief, the Midnight Special, the Ann Rutledge, the James Whitcomb Riley, the Capitol Limited, the Phoebe Snow, the Broadway Limited, and the Twentieth-Century Limited will probably be forgotten, like the trains they once called to mind. But the language of railroading includes far more than the nomenclature of passenger trains, and it seems likely that the language will continue to develop as a healthy means of expression for that part of the American labor force involved in the railroad industry. The subject has not passed unnoticed by scholars.' The typical study is a glossary with brief comment and perhaps a fictionalized account of railroad language. Although this-approach offers an introduction to what railroad language is, it falls short of giving the reader an accurate idea of the large role that railroad language plays in on-the-job communication. What follows is based upon my own experiences as a locomotive fireman on the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railroad, especially those experiences which involved learning the language of railroad enginemen. In the course of working during the summers from 1965 through 1968, I


The formation of leachate is one of the inevitable consequences associated with the operation of landfills. In addition to the study of physicochemical composition, toxicity is an important parameter taken into account, among others because of the need to subject leachate to treatment before discharge into the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of leachate contamination using LPI and toxicity index. An analysis of the relationship between the toxic effect on plants and the calculated LPI values was also carried out to assess whether they could provide a measure of leachate toxicity when selecting a treatment method. The research conducted was to determine the degree of leachate contamination using LPI and toxicity index. An analysis of the relationship between the toxic effect on plants and the calculated LPI values was also carried out to assess whether they could provide a measure of leachate toxicity when selecting a treatment method. Calculated values of the leachate pollution index showed that leachates from selected Polish landfills are characterized by low and medium levels of LPI values. The variation in index values obtained was particularly evident between active and closed landfills and was related to the physicochemical composition of leachates. In closed landfills this value ranged from 7.4 to 11.1, while in active landfills from 12.9 to 15.9. The variation in index values obtained was particularly evident between active and inactive landfills and was related to the physicochemical composition of leachates. Phytotoxicity tests showed that leachate at low concentrations can promote plant growth. At higher concentrations (50 and 100%), leachates caused inhibition of root and shoot growth, which correlated with high LPI values. The results confirmed the relationship between the toxic effect on plants and the LPI values, so it can be considered as a reliable indicator of leachate toxicity.


gan and Bruce L. Gardner assert that enforcement efforts cannot stop illegal immigration and that a temporary Mexican guest worker program would be desirable; they calculate that although the Bracero Program (1942-64) displaced some American workers (and many illegal immigrants) and lowered wages for farm work, its net economic effects were beneficial for the United States as well as Mexico. Several conference participants argued that the provisions of U.S. immigration law that supposedly serve economic ends are poorly designed. Robert S. Goldfarb is particularly critical of the occupational preference system established in 1965 but is pessimistic about enacting a more rational substitute. The Gateway does not definitively settle controversies or point conclusively to the adoption of particular policies, but it is a useful contribution to the study of immigration, past and present.


Objective:To analyse the reasons that contribute to the migration of intertbody cages after posterior lumbar interbody fusion and study the revision strategies.Method:10 patients who experienced the failure of posterior lumbar interbody fusion and underwent surgical correction were reviewed.2 males and 8 females with an average age of 51.5 years were included.The primal diagnoses were disc herniation in 2,lumbar spinal stenosis in 3,and spondylolisthesis in 5,the fused segments were L4/5 in 4,L5/S1 in 3 and L4/5 plus L5/S1 in 3.Three kinds of fusion cages including BAK,PEEK and titanium rectangular cage were used.The average length of time before revision surgery was 39 days(range from 1 to 90 days).Result:The reasons of migration were inadequate size or insufficient depth of insertion in anatomic cage and the collision of two cages in threaded cage.Among those patients,8 cases were followed up from 10 to 36 months with an average of 17 months,they all gained the solid fusion.No cage displacement or the failure of the internal fixation was observed.All the neurological deficits were recovered except 1 case suffered from mild dropping foot.Conclusion:The factors associated with failure of the original insertion procedure may fail to achieve adequate distraction of the interbody space by using undersized cages,be insufficient depth of the cage insertion into the disc space and inadequate placement of 2 cages.Early and positive revision procedure can lead to satisfactory clinical outcome.


OBJECTIVES:To express solubly new recombinant humanized anti hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) scFv fusing to RC RNase (scFv RC RNase) in E.coli and to observe its killing effect on HCC cell SMMC 7721 in vitro .METHODS:Prokaryotic expression vetor containing scFv RC RNase was induced to be expressed by IPTG in E.coli BL21(DE3).The E.coli was lysed by ultrasonication. Supernatant of the lysate was purified by Ni NTA Agarose affinity chromatography.MTT method was used to detect the killing effect of scFv RC RNase fusion proteins in vitro .RESULTS:After induction with IPTG for 5 h,a new anticipated band appeared on SDS PAGE gel.The expressed product existed in soluble form,and was amount to 10 5% of total bacterium protein.After being purified, target protein killed the HCC cell SMMC 7721 in vitro with the LD 50 0 007 g/L.CONCLUSIONS:The humanized anti HCC scFv RC RNase fusion protein has been successfully solubly expressed in E.coli (DE3) with killing effect on HCC cell, and may be a potential anti HCC targeting agent.


Take-home message: If you want to hear a decent debate on same-sex marriage, don't tune into to New Zealand public broadcasting.


In order to meet requirements of brain-computer interface system for motor imagery, and provide effective visual stimulus. This paper combined three-dimensional modeling and motion editing techniques to design 3D visual stimulator for brain-computer interface. Proposed a view of goal-oriented process control, used pre-reading-rendering strategy, designed a multi-cache mechanism. In addition, we finished the parallel port communication between the data acquisition instrument of brain-computer interface and the visual stimulator. This system can accomplish high precise visual stimulation, guarantying the further study in how to enhance the control of EEG signals.


P eople often have different perspectives on M\ experience they share in common. Remember the Story of the two men engaged in the same building project? When asked what they were doing each had his own response. One said, "I 'm laying bricks"; the other said, " I'm building a cathedral." Both were correct, but each had a different view of the work they were doing. They had different perspectives on the same reality.


The invention discloses an information processing method, an intelligent terminal and an optical cable network system; the information processing method includes the steps of: detecting an ODN (Optical Distribution Node) and thereby obtaining the device information of the ODN in actual work; reading the device information of the ODN which is pre-stored in a storage of the ODN; and judging whether the ODN works normally by comparing the detected device information with the device information pre-stored in the storage. According to the information processing method, the intelligent terminal and the optical cable network system, the device information of the ODN is pre-stored in the storage of the ODN, so that whether the actual device information of the ODN is correct can be judged directly according to the device information of the storage, operators do not need to download the configuration information of the ODN from a webmaster before maintaining and constructing the ODN, the work load of the webmaster is greatly reduced, and the construction and maintenance is improved; and in addition, when the webmaster is in failure, the operators can maintain the ODN according to the device information stored in the storage.


This National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) site hosted by Texas A&M University to allow selected undergraduate students to conduct original research on various aspects of the ecohydrology of understudied tropical pre-montane forest at the Texas A&M Soltis Center for Research and Education in Central Costa Rica. This particular study was conducted by 3 students under the guidance of 5 mentors who assisted in experimental design, equipment use, maintenance, and training, plant species identification and other logistical requirements. The goal of this study was to determine the change in 3-D structure of tropical premontane wet forest under 3 different land uses: a carbon tree farm, secondary logged forest, and primary unlogged forest. Traditional forest mensuration techniques including glass prisms (stand basal area), laser clinometers (height), vertical and horizontal PAR, spherical densiometers, and hemispherical photography (GAP fraction and LAI) and diameter-at-breast height (DBH) tapes were used to acquire metrics in one 30-m diameter plot per land use and compared to similar metrics collected by a terrestrial scanning laser (TSL) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) at 400 MHz and 1.5 GHz. The 3 land uses were situated. Besides discovery, another goal of this study was to see if the TSL and GPR can help meet the monitoring and verification goals of the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD) for estimating aboveand below-ground biomass using remote sensing. This is of particular importance because the GPR may be able to capture below-ground biomass in a more efficient manner than traditional coring and the TSL and GPR can capture data on highly sloped terrain where both airborne and satellite RADAR and LIDAR are limited. Introduction NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates: 3-D Characterization and Comparison of Vegetation Structure in a Tropical Premontane Wet Forest


Eva Kisdi clarifies the relationships betweenfrequency dependence, optimization and ESSs.We basically agree with all her comments.However, some further clarification may be useful.In the first paragraph of Kisdi's letter, ESSsand optimal strategies are seemingly opposed bysaying that 'finding an optimal strategy is aconsiderably stronger result than finding an ESS'.Although this statement is factually correct, itmight engender a suggestion that is slightly wrong.Conceptually, ESSs are always primary: only ESSsmatter from the viewpoint of long-term evolution.Optimization is secondary only, and must bejustified by an ESS argument that explicitlyaccounts for the ecology in which the evolutionaryproblem is embedded. When we approach theproblem from this angle it is found that there existspecial ecological circumstances for which theESSs satisfy an optimization principle (that is, therather exceptional one-dimensional environments).Kisdi characterizes one-dimensionalenvironments by assuming that 'fitness is anincreasing function of a single environmental factor'.Since precision matters here, mainly for technicalreasons


First results of diurnal variation of radar echo area observed at Vientiane, Lao PDR, in the middle of Indo-china are reported. Radar echo intensity data from April to October 2008 is analyzed.The monthly averaged diurnal cycles of radar echo area have a peak in the late afternoon in April and midnight in July. The echo area per one echo at the time of the maximum total echo area in the diurnal cycle in April (∼600 km2) is smaller than that in July (∼1,200 km2). The phases of diurnal cycle of echo area in 6 banded regions oriented from southwest to northeast are compared to examine spatial differences of diurnal cycles. It is found that the phase of each band delays from southwestern to northeastern banded regions. The propagation speed of phase of echo area diurnal cycle is estimated as about 14 m s-1.


We report on a method to detect trace amounts of metal ions using electrodes separated by atomic scale gaps. By sweeping the electrode potentials cathodically, we deposit metal ions into the gap and form a point contact between the two electrodes, which triggers a quantum jump in the conductance. The deposition time required to form the point contact increases as the ion concentration decreases. We can also dissolve the point contact by sweeping the potentials anodically, which causes a sharp decrease in the conductance. The potentials at which a point contact is formed and dissolved provides the identity of the ions.


The concept of interactive natural language communication between users and products within a physical environment holds the capability for a redesign and extension of communication at the point of sale. After considering specific requirements of ambient environments, we present the model of a Conversational Recommendation Agent (CoRA), a domain-specific webbased dialogue system based on semantic knowledge representations (OWL-DL), which enables a productcentered communication between customers and smart products within ambient environments.


In this article, preparation of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites (PPCNC) via in situ polymerization is investigated. MgCl2/montmorillonite bisupported Ziegler-Natta catalyst was used to prepare PPCNC samples. Montmorillonite (MMT) was used as an inert support and reinforcement agent. The nanostructure of the composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Obtained results showed that silica layers of the MMT in these PPCNC were intercalated, partially exfoliated, and uniformly dispersed in the polypropylene matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed good thermal stability for the prepared PPCNC. Differential scanning calorimetric was used to investigate both melting and crystallization temperatures, as well as the crystallinity of the PPCNC samples. Results of permeability analysis showed significant increase in barrier properties of PPCNC films. Effective parameters on molecular weight and flow ability of produced samples such as Al/Ti molar ratio and H2 concentration were also investigated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


A simulation system 50 for creating a simulation instance to simulate the operation of nodes 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 of a process control system 10, the control system 10 having a number of communicatively interconnected modules at each of the nodes 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and a configuration for each node 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 stored in a configuration database 32. The simulation system includes a processor and a computer readable memory 52 which stores first and second routines 56, 57. In use, the first routine 56 enables a user to specify a node of the process control system 10 for which to create a simulation instance. The second routine 57 then creates a simulation instance for the specified node by accessing the configuration database 32, obtaining copies of the modules within the configuration of the specified node, storing copies of the modules in a simulation memory and automatically converting the copied modules into simulation modules. A method of obtaining a snapshot of a simulation system for a process control system is also disclosed.


In this letter, a single-layer broadband wide band-ratio (ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{higher} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{lower} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) reflectarray that can achieve different linear polarizations at the X-band and the K-band is designed. Its elements consist of a split square loop with two square shaped phase delay lines (outer structure) and a phoenix square loop (inner structure) operating at the X-band and the K-band, respectively. The ingeniousness of the design is that the outer structure and the inner structure can achieve a 0° – 360° phase shift by adjusting the phase shift lines and the side length of the inner square ring, respectively. At the same time, they do not affect each other in space. Different polarizations corresponding to the two structures are orthogonal to each other, so their electrical performances do not affect each other. To verify our design concept, the reflectarray is fabricated and measured in a microwave anechoic chamber. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The measured gains are 23.6 dBi at 10 GHz (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{lower}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with aperture efficiency of 48%, and 30.6 dBi at 22 GHz(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{higher}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with aperture efficiency of 43%. The 1-dB gain bandwidths are 20% (9.1 GHz–11.1 GHz) at the X-band and 19% (19.8 GHz–23.9 GHz) at the K-band. The band-ratio of the reflectarray is 2.2. A single-layer dual-band wide band-ratio reflectarray with dual-linear polarization is confirmed.


The importandce of safety problems related to in-pile experiments is emphasized. The way of approaching these problems and the consequences involved so far as the experiments and the research reactor in which these experiments are carried out are concerned are discussed. Considerations concerning the evolution of these problems during the last few years are presented. (auth)


Wild‐collected seed can no longer meet global demand in restoration. Dedicated Seed Production Areas (SPA) for restoration are needed and these require application of ecological, economic, and population‐genetic science. SPA design and construction must embrace the ecological sustainability principles of restoration.


Injection locking has been used to improve static and dynamic lasing characteristics of semiconductor lasers for various applications, including both long-haul, highspeed digital fiber transmission and coherent communication systems. However, a strong phase-amplitude coupling in semiconductor lasers imposes stringent operational requirements for stable locking and limits the practical benefits of the injection locking technique. It is therefore important to examine whether these limitations can be somewhat ameliorated by choosing a target mode different from the free-running dominant mode. In our investigation of side-mode injection locking characteristics, we have developed a model based on multimode rate equations, including a phase equation for the injected mode. Consideration of multimode effects is especially important when the target mode is different from the free-running dominant mode. The locking range for side-mode injection differs from the conventional result by an extra frequency offset term that is caused by an increased threshold gain deficit. We investigate the dynamic stability of injection-locked states by considering small fluctuations around the stationary solutions. As in peak-mode injection, only a part of the possible locking range is dynamically stable. However, the stable locking bandwidth can be increased significantly by injection into a side mode. This implies that better locking and eased operating tolerances can be expected with side-mode injection. Analysis of the variation of carrier concentration as a function of the injection level reveals a well-defined threshold effect for side-mode injection. This new effect can be used for fast, all-optical channel switching, and we are now exploring it experimentally. In addition, selecting a target mode at the shorter-wave-length side of the gain peak results in an increased relaxation-oscillation frequency, thus enhancing the direct modulation bandwidth.


Background and Purpose— The mechanism underlying the association between possession of the APOE &egr;4 allele and less favorable outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains to be determined. After SAH the level of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is decreased, and lower levels are associated with more severe injury and less favorable outcome. This study examined serial CSF samples to determine the time course for the decrease in CSF apoE and the relationship between CSF apoE and amyloid &bgr;-protein (A&bgr;), testing the hypothesis that apoE-A&bgr; interactions occur in vivo after SAH. Methods— Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assay apoE, A&bgr;1–40, and A&bgr;1–42 in serial ventricular CSF samples from 19 patients with SAH and 13 controls. CSF S100B and &tgr; were assayed as surrogate markers of brain injury. Results— There was a sustained decrease in CSF apoE (P <0.001) and A&bgr; (P <0.001) after SAH in contrast to the observed elevation in CSF S100B (P <0.001) and &tgr; (P <0.001) concentration. There was significant correlation between CSF A&bgr; concentration and clinical outcome (r =0.65, P <0.01), and the decrease in CSF A&bgr; concentration correlated significantly with that of apoE (r =0.85, P <0.0001). Conclusions— After SAH both apoE and A&bgr; levels decrease in the CSF, supporting the concept that interactions between these proteins occur in vivo. The possibility that apoE and A&bgr; influence outcome after SAH warrants further investigation.


Presentation of the chemical transformations occurring in the aromatic fraction of Irati shale oil under drastic hydrotreating conditions (400°C, 125 atm) using a commercial NiMo/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in sulfided form


Computer numerical control (CNC) technology has received high level of investment around the world. Considering machine tool for machining operations, almost one third of those installed in Brazilian industrial companies is composed of CNC machines. About 46% of them are less than ten years old and belong to a generation of machine tools that should have a higher density of automation, incorporating features and advanced production techniques that suppose efficient management. However, there is a low rate of utilisation of available resources, such as tool presetting, in-process measurement systems and automatic load and unload to reduce idle time. Additionally, there is a reduced use of techniques to achieve higher maximum cutting speeds and longer tool life. There is also a low rate of use of low environmental-impact techniques such as dry machining, and a very low percentage of companies that treat and reuse cutting oil. [Received 15 March 2015; Revised 4 June 2015; Accepted 13 June 15]


Abstract To assess the effects of human confidence levels on horse behavior, 40 veterinary students led the same mare around a fixed course. Multivariate analysis of human attitudes and behavior and horse behavior showed that a positive attitude towards horses related to infrequent ear movement in that horse (accounting for 46% of variance); positive attitude, together with low lead tension, related to a horse's forward ear position (47%); loose lead tension related to both a horse's low resistance (66%) and low head position (11%). Human attitudes towards at least one horse is shown to be associated with changes in human behavior, which leads to altered behavior in that horse.


A volumetric method is presented for the determination of fluoride in inorganic samples containing high levels of metal ions as well as the anions nitrate, chloride, and perchlorate After preliminary separation of the fluoride bv pyrolysis, cerous fluoride is precipitated stoichiometrically at pH 1.75 with a measured excess of cerium(IfI), and the excess cerium is back-titrated with EDTA to an arseneazocresol red end point. Sulfate and large amounts of borate interfere.


Abstract Copper crystals irradiated with neutrons at high temperatures show inhomogeneous clusters of damage. Etch pit studies of the low index planes reveal that the damage morphology is three dimensional and that the damage forms as a result of dislocation decoration.


With the advancement in energy harvesting in terms of wireless charging techniques, it provides a novel way to solve traditional energy constraint problems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Renewable energy such as solar, wind, and geo-thermal energy is converted to energy-storage and further use via harvest-then-transmit strategy. This article introduces a two-layer sleep scheduling system in energy-harvesting WSNs with an aim to satisfy sustainable throughput by analysis and optimization of network performance. Evaluation results provide a typical demonstration of how to obtain the appropriate value of key parameters according to specific requirement.


Abstract The advent of the first book written in English and fully devoted to physical geodesy* is an opportune time to assess the present state in the development of this branch of geodesy. Without any doubt, physical geodesy is the Cinderella of the geodetic family so far as the English speaking world goes. To the author's knowledge, at least two books have already been written on the much younger science of satellite geodesy.


The marketing-tendency in funding public universities is a process that universities rebuild the modes,the mechanisms and the systems of their funding according to the law and the mechanism of economic development. The marketing-tendency is the basic way of the international higher education funding nowadays. From the internationally comparative view,the market tendencies of public universities' funding can be reflected as follows:the government funding with the tendency of market,the private funding,the universities' entrepreneurial income,the tuition from the graduates,the loan from the bank. The universities often confront dilemmas such as the fairness and the efficiency,the public benefits and the markets. How to work out the dilemmas,the only way is to apply to the following principles: maintain the equilibrium of the opposite sides.


The on-chip communication architecture presented in this paper, NeuroNoC, addresses the problems arising in large multi-core systems where global or local routing strategies do not work efficiently anymore since they either do not scale or lack information on the network state. Our communication architecture is runtime adaptive and it deploys a distributed artificial neural network to aid routing decisions. It thereby provides a light-weight mechanism for local routing information to propagate through the communication architecture and is capable of self-organizing efficiently (since scalable) to varying communication workload scenarios. The underlying basic concepts are borrowed from spiking neural networks, a special case of artificial neural networks. Our experiments show that already with low hardware overhead, a significant improvement of the runtime routing behavior compared to current state-of-the-art approaches is possible. We report an improvement of 23% in routing quality compared to wXY routing in terms of failed transactions.


Artificial neural networks have revolutionized data-driven applications in the medical area. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that is used to solve a variety of data science challenges. The prediction of a result based on existing data is a typical use of machine learning. Diagnosing heart disease is a difficult process that takes a great deal of expertise and knowledge. Traditional methods of forecasting heart illness include hospital examination or a variety of medicinal checks. The health-care business has a massive amount of health-care data, much of which are buried. This concealed knowledge can help you make better decisions. For the best outcomes, computer-based data are combined with modern data mining techniques. The neural network is a widely utilized tool for predicting the diagnosis of heart disease. There is no evidence that the COVID-19 vaccination increases the risk of heart attack. However, it is being used as "proof" that the vaccine kills in social media posts. As a result, we investigated this issue by incorporating 'infected with coronavirus' and 'coronavirus vaccine' as additional criteria for improved accuracy. This study describes a proposed artificial neural network model to predict a heart attack. The technology makes predictions based on eight medical characteristics. The current study's findings demonstrated that the model developed using the artificial neural network efficiently predicts a patient's heart attack. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the suggested model, the RandomForest technique was tested. © 2022, Engg Journals Publications.


Recent studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that a form of hexokinase characteristic of rapidly growing, highly glycolytic tumor cells is bound to an outer mitochondria! membrane receptor complex containing a M, 35,000 pore protein (D. M. Parry and P. L. Pedersen, J. Biol. Chem., 258: 10904-10912, 1983; R. A. Nakashima, et a/., Biochemistry, 25: 1015-1021, 1986). In new studies reported here the specificity of this receptor complex for binding hexokinase is defined, and a purification scheme is described which leads to a homogeneous and bindable form of the tumor hexokinase. In the AS-30D hepatoma, hexokinase activity is elevated more than 100-fold relative to liver tissue. The relative increase in hexokinase activity is 8 times greater than that of any other glycolytic enzyme. Hexokinase is the only glycolytic enzyme of AS-30D cells to exhibit a mitochondrial/cytoplasmic specific activity ratio greater than 1, showing a 3.5-fold elevation in the mitochondria!fraction. Purification of hexokinase is accomplished by preferential solubilization of the mitochondria! bound enzyme with glucose-6-phosphate, fol lowed by high-performanceliquid chromatographyon gel permeationand aniÃ3nexchange columns. The final fraction has a specific activity of 144 units per mg of protein, with a A,,,for glucose of 0.13 miviand for ATP of 1.4 mM.The purified tumor enzyme migrates as a single species upon sodium dodecyl sulfate: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an ap parent molecular weight of 98,000. Significantly, the purified tumor enzyme retains its activity for mitochondria!binding. Additional results derived from Chromatographie,polyclonal antibody, and amino acid analysis studies indicate that the predominant rat hepa toma hexokinase species is related most closely to isozymic form(s) of the enzyme commonly referredto as type II, and least related to the liver type IV isozyme (glucokinase).


Coastal abrasion is a problem that needs to be addressed thoroughly. If not properly managed, coastal abrasion can lead to other environmental issues, such as damage to mangroves and coastal ecosystems. The local government is actively carrying out mangrove ecosystem restoration program to conserve the coastal ecology by involving related agencies, industries, and the community surrounding the Juntinyuat coastal area. The focus of this research is to find out the planning, implementation, and monitoring carried out in relation to the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem based on the involvement of the parties in overcoming coastal abrasion on the coast of Juntinyuat, Indramayu Regency, West Java. Data were collected by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation to the community and the parties involved in restoring the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast. The results showed that mangrove ecosystem damage in the coastal area of Juntinyuat generates a high level of abrasion. The damage caused by abrasion threatens settlements, ponds, and agricultural land, as well as threatens the gas and oil pipelines of Pertamina Gas in the West Java operation area (Pertagas OWJA). There is a relationship between the critical condition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Juntinyuat coastal area and the initiation of efforts to restore the mangrove ecosystem. The initiation of mangrove ecosystem restoration arose from the critical condition of mangroves, which necessitates careful planning to restore damaged mangrove conditions. Related parties concerned with the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem subsequently coordinate to plan the mangrove ecosystem restoration program on the Juntinyuat coast. The mangrove ecosystem restoration was conducted after an initial survey in mid-2014. The role of the parties in planning, implementing, and monitoring the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem is running well and maximally with a clear division of duties and responsibilities. Currently, the results of the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast can be felt together with the denser mangrove cover, reducing the abrasion impact, and making it a mangrove ecotourism area. In the future, it is necessary to form a coordinating team for the strategy of mangrove ecosystem management at the regency and sub-district levels to synergize policies and programs for managing mangrove ecosystems. Empowerment activities need to be carried out intensively to encourage a change in the role of mangrove management.


Luo Guanzhong's has different views of the characters, but Zhuge Liang of shu is the same favorite figure among The Three Kingdoms. This is because Luo Guanzhong described Zhuge Liang as a man of extraordinary ability who reached the realm of the gods to defeat the enemy. However, to this day, the fundamental reason why Zhuge Liang became the representative of loyal ministers comes from his book . But in the qing dynasty, the trend of textual research, then on the started a debate. Much of the pseudo-argument starts with a suspicion that the facts mentioned in differ from, or originate from, the true history. It is compared with , in terms of the psychological state and expression of the author, the gap between them is very large, it is difficult to be sure that the same character wrote.
Based on the argument of this kind of forgery, this paper verifies once again the forgery of , and its pseudo- author designates Zhang Yan, and has a negative attitude towards the academic designation of pseudo-author as zhuge. This is because if kucera pseudograph to advocate the northern expedition after , the content should exist on the legitimacy of the northern expedition and inspire the morale of the troops of the text, but it existed from the pessimistic and full dull tone cause suspicion of the northern expedition, can't give sure of victory, and belittling Zhuge Liang and founding the sun ce. Therefore, this paper argues that the aim of the pseudo-author of is not to advocate the northern expedition, but to make other attempts. It can be found in many ways that there is a close connection with Zhang Yan's political line in the forgery of . This paper wants to make a concrete and comprehensive analysis of the pseudo- argument of , but is limited by the lack of data, based on the situation at that time, the author's political position, the real cognition reflected in the work and the use of words. It is hoped that more data can be drawn to study in the future, and some scholars have further analyzed the pseudo-argument of in detail.


One of the most substantial advantages that human analysts have over machine algorithms is the ability to seamlessly integrate sensed data into a situation-based internal narrative. Replicating an analogous internal representation algorithmically has proved to be a challenging problem that is the focus of much current research. For a machine to more accurately make complex decisions over a stable, consistent and useful representation, situations must be inferred from prior experience and corroborated by incoming data. We believe that a common mathematical framework for situations that addresses varying levels of complexity and uncertainty is essential to meeting this goal. In this paper, we present work in progress on developing the mathematics for probabilistic situations.


Social welfare problems in the town of Nerekhta in Kostroma region are outlined using survey data. Issues of housing, wages, youth employment, and leisure, as well as health and interethnic relations are analyzed. The author suggests greater publicity for existing social support programs and differentiates male and female responses.


I highlight the simplicity as well as the misleading aspects of the double-entry bookkeeping and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), especially for those who might naively believe that accountants "always tell the truth and nothing but the truth." The implicit assumptions of the alignment of managerial incentives with those of stakeholders (notwithstanding the agency problems well documented by the exegesis), and the degrees of managerial discretion provided by both the U.S. GAAP and the emerging body of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are sufficiently large so that even a 'camel' can be described as a 'horse' with appropriate disclaimers. Ever since Rev. Paciolli passed down the double-entry bookkeeping framework, the accounting profession has rarely seriously addressed the issue as to whether this simplistic framework is the best way to record some rather very complicated and sophisticated transactions such as the accounting for derivatives involving some rather speculative transactions. Occasional calls for revisiting the double entry bookkeeping by the late Abraham Briloff and Yuji Ijiri among others were greeted with a cold response. After all, there is little managerial incentive to change a recording device that allows so much hidden discretion for managers. Even worse, it leaves the naive investors thoroughly confused about the intricacies of elaborate managerial accruals and deferrals taught painstakingly in an accounting degree program. Of course, from the point of view of the proponents of the very efficient market hypothesis (EMH), market can appropriately discount for any flaws in the accounting recording or measuring device. However, the empirical evidence to date is at best inconclusive. This limerick hopes to stimulate some serious discussions about the utility of the double-entry book keeping framework in today's environment of sophisticated financial engineering and principles based fair value accounting.


Unlike the common type of hallux valgus, i.e., lateral deviation of the entire big toe, similar deviation of the end phalanx alone is an unusual deformity, which has received little attention in the literature. Such interphalangeal hallux valgus is only rarely acquired, presumably because the anatomy of the interphalangeal joint provides sufficient stability to prevent the end phalanx from becoming notably sideward tilted unless this articulation is severely injured by trauma or disease. However, interphalangeal hallux valgus can be a malformation resulting from skew development of one or both phalanges. Two unrelated children are now reported in whom such developmental deformities were found in both feet and proved associated with a previously unrecognized type of anomalous ossification.


The book that eventually resulted is the product of three years' exhaustive research and careful scholarship. The author reviewed all published articles by Gibbon and his coworkers related to development of the heart-lung machine. Additionally, she interviewed and corresponded with several physicians, contemporary surgeons, who either worked with or knew details of Gibbon's painstaking work in bringing successful clinical application of cardiopulmonary bypass to fruition in 1953. Living family members of Gibbon also provided private papers and insight to further fill out the story of this remarkable man. Besides documentation of Gibbon's threedecade achievement, the reader learns that the idea for developing a heart-lung machine really did not come in an isolated flash of inspiration


While formal tests exist for statistical significance, researchers have traditionally relied on informal arguments to demonstrate the substantive significance of their results. I introduce the first formal test for the existence of a substantively meaningful relationship in quantitative data. The test takes a rational choice perspective toward evidence, using Bayesian statistical decision theory to ask whether it makes sense to believe in the existence of a statistical relationship given a researcher's view of the consequences of correct and incorrect decisions. The test generates a critical test statistic c with a clear interpretation: if a relationship of size c is not important enough to influence future research and policy advice, then the evidence does not support the existence of a substantively significant eect. A replication of findings from the


ABSTRACT Management of the bollworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) and tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens [F.]) complex in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a significant production cost and a large contributor of insecticides to the environment. Genetic resistance or tolerance could help alleviate these problems. We conducted a trial to identify and exploit sources of bollworm/tobacco budworm resistance in the Pee Dee (PD) cotton germplasm. The experiment consisted of selecting phenotypically desirable cotton plants in segregating populations when produced with limited control of bollworm/tobacco budworm. Although this methodology had previously been successful in identifying resistant types, we were unable to demonstrate a response to selection. The study did find that PD 0762, a germplasm released as possessing resistance to bollworm/tobacco budworm based on lint yield in limited control experiments, likely is tolerant of square loss as its reaction to this insect complex does not suggest resistance. We ...


Objective: To investigate the influence of nephrotic syndrome on left ventricular function with the application of pulsed Doppler echocardiography(PDE). Methods: The parameters of left ventricular function by PDE including SV, EF, PEP, ET, PEP/ET, LA/AOD, IVRT, Vs,Vd,E together with A peak flow velocity during diastole, E/A, EFF and AFF et al by PDE in nephrotic syndrome group were measured, and these parameters were compared with the control group. Results: Most of the detected values such as PEP, PEP/ET, IVRT, EPFV, APFV, E/A, EFF, AFF, LA/AOD and Vd differed significantly between the nephrotic syndrome group and the control group(P0.05), while the parameters such as SV, EF, ET and Vs had no significant difference compared with the controls. Conclusion: Nephrotic syndrome could cause left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction and the latter was prior to the former.


Heart rate patterns of horses used for equestrian rehabilitation of physic and psychic disabilities were examined before, during and after therapeutic sessions. Data obtained showed a general and , sometimes , significant increase of heart rate before, during and after equestrian rehabilitation , as cornpared to basal values. No significant differences in heart rate modifications between horses utilized either for patients affected by psychic or psychomotor diseases and those utilized for healthy subjects were recorded.


Evolution and Food Habits Food consumption is the basic instinct of all living things. The first life on the planet was microbial in nature, emerging and living in the primordial soup that was the ocean, also inhabiting rock, the deep Earth and the soil. They developed mechanisms and metabolic profiles to fit the environment they inhabited. Anaerobic systems and archaebacteria existed without Oxygen. Vegetation and photosynthetic cycle with the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange mechanisms caused an atmosphere where a variety of fauna grew abundantly, both small and big. The herbivores ate the vegetation while the predators killed the herbivores as well as creatures placed lower in the food chain. In the evolution of man, that began some six million years ago, from the time of the early hominids until the period of settled living followed by the agricultural revolution, food was what could be hunted or foraged and gathered from the wild (Gore, 2003). In the interim, from around two million years ago during the Pliocene, Homo habilis devised tools to hunt but active hunting began with H. erectus , which was better endowed with the capability to utilise nature's bounty. Acquisition of the skills of fishing came later sometime between 190,000 and 130,000 years ago in Eastern Africa during the time of major glaciation (Oppenheimer, 2003, pp. 76–77). While H. habilis still ranged, modern man appeared. According to some writings, fire was domesticated much earlier, at least 700,000 to 800,000 years ago and with the discovery of fire came the appreciation of cooked meat and adapting a less strenuous way of eating and digesting the same food (Nestle Report).


mimic Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis [2,3]. We of the platelet count, disappearance of the microangidescribe here the clinical course of two patients with opathic anaemia and a normal renal function (serum HUS occurring several years after the initial diagnosis creatinine 115 mmol/ l). of Crohn's disease was established. One patient had Shiga-like toxins detected in the stools. Both patients had complete renal remission. We suggest that Crohn's disease can be listed as a predisposing factor for the Case report 2 development of HUS. The patient was a 24-year-old young man. Two years before admission, he had bloody diarrhoea, abdominal Case report 1 pain and 10-kg weight loss. He was admitted to another hospital where the diagnosis of Crohn's disease was A 53-year-old man was admitted for acute renal failure. made after clinical, radiological, and pathological tests. Seven years before admission, he presented with per- Ileal biopsy was considered typical of the disease. The sistent bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. The symptoms resumed after treatment with corticosteroids diagnosis of Crohn's disease was made on clinical and and mesalazine. Two months before admission, he had pathological data (ileal biopsy), and salazopyrin was a new bout of diarrhoea. Colonoscopic examination prescribed. Between the initial diagnosis of Crohn's showed diVuse inflammatory activity and mesalazine disease and admission for acute renal failure, he and amoxycillin were given. Gastrointestinal symptoms suVered three diVerent episodes of severe abdominal persisted and he was admitted for bloody diarrhoea pain. At admission, he presented with anorexia, dia- and severe oliguria. At entry, blood pressure was rrhoea, abdominal pain, and confusion. Blood pressure 135/65 mmHg, temperature was 37°C. He complained


This dissertation explores new methods based on Monte Carlo integration for generating realistic images of complex environments. Monte Carlo techniques are general and relatively straightforward to implement, which makes them well suited for the global illumination problem. Monte Carlo techniques converge slowly, particularly in complex environments. This work approaches the convergence problem by using carefully chosen probability density functions to create lower variance estimators, a technique known as importance sampling. Another key feature of this work is to exploit precomputation and alternative data structures in order to efficiently implement importance sampling in complex environments. Two successful algorithms based on these concepts are described and implemented. The first of these algorithms computes the contribution of many light sources to a single point statistically, incorporating a light source visibility preprocess to simplify the lighting computations. Next, a radiosity solution is obtained for a manually simplified environment, and this solution is used as the indirect lighting component. When reflectors in the radiosity solution are sufficiently bright, they are reclassified and inserted into the direct lighting computations. This is analogous to replacing a bright (but complex) window with a television monitor that, from a given viewpoint, looks like the window. This does not change how the room looks, but makes computer modeling easier because it reduces complexity. The second of these algorithms attacks both direct and indirect lighting using a light particle tracing preprocess. A five-dimensional data structure (position and direction) maintains regional light flow information and facilitates probability density design for importance sampling. This technique makes few assumptions about the scene, and thus is slow for simple scenes, but does not break down for complex scenes. The light particle data can also be used directly to produce a biased solution with shorter computation time. Both of these techniques produce effective lighting solutions for scenes that have not been feasible for previous algorithms.


The gravitational radiation emitted by a rotating magnetic dipole is calculated. Formulas for the polarization amplitudes and the radiated power are obtained in closed forms. A comparison is made with other sources of gravitational and electromagnetic radiation, particularly neutron stars with extremely powerful magnetic fields.


Modern society, which sets problems of translating culture in a new way, determines new criteria for the educational paradigm. Globalization tendencies in modern educational environment induce the problem of necessity to integrate educational and scientific resources into Russian education. The aim of this article is to demonstrate a significant part of scientific research as a consistent factor in formation of the competence-based model of a professional. It is shown that students' research work beyond the process of education becomes a unique sort of teaching activity, which has a number of essential differences from the main traditional teaching techniques for compulsory courses. The results of students' research work in the ecological situation of Siberian region are presented. The competencies acquired by students during this work are revealed. It is noticed that integrating the theme of students' research work with compulsory courses is one of the most important teaching peculiarities in formation of personal attributes of a future highly-qualified professional, which form the basis of professional mobility and competitiveness. It is summarized that an interdisciplinary character of research work in the modern educational paradigm is aimed at solving innovative tasks of integrating educational, scientific and practice-oriented constituents in the context of the competency building approach.


Despite substantial improvements in long-term clinical outcomes, a significant proportion of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients still fail to respond to treatment adequately, and early prognostic biomarkers of response are missing. Single-cell transcriptomic studies on RA synovial tissue (ST) have shown that MerTK is highly expressed in "anti-inflammatory" macrophages [1]. It has also been suggested that synovial macrophages isolated from RA patients in remission are characterised by a CD206+/MerTK+ signature [2]. Finally, monocyte-derived macrophages from RA patients treated with TNF-inhibitors (TNF-i) up-regulate MerTK.To assess i) the modulation of synovial tissue MerTK+ macrophages upon treatment with conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and ii) the relationship between baselineMerTKgene expression and response to TNFi.ST was obtained by US-guided synovial biopsies of an inflamed peripheral joint in patients with early (<12 months) treatment-naïve RA (as per ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria). A second biopsy of the same joint was repeated six months after starting treatment with single or multiple csDMARDs. ST (n=15) was stained for CD68, MerTK and CD206 by immunofluorescence using a tyramide amplification signal system. Quantification of the percentage of single- (MerTK+ or CD206+) and double-positive (CD206+MerTK+) CD68+ macrophages was obtained by digital image analysis (Image J). Gene expression analysis was performed on RNA sequences of 22 baseline ST samples (treatment-naïve).Before any treatment intervention, the percentage of MerTK+CD206+ macrophages was significantly higher in RA patients with low (DAS28<3.2) versus high (DAS28>5.1) disease activity (24.5±20.1 versus 4.8±4.8, p<0.05). There were no differences in the relative number of MerTK+ or CD206+ or MerTK+CD206+ macrophages at baseline in relationship with the clinical response to csDMARDs at 6-months. On the other hand, patients (n=5) achieving remission (DAS<2.6) upon receiving csDMARDs significantly increased the number of MerTK+ macrophages from pre- to six-months post-treatment (23.6±23.8 to 55.5±15.4, p<0.05) in comparison with patients (n=5) who were still active after treatment (18±15.6 to 30.4±11.17, p=ns). MerTK synovial gene expression at baseline (i.e., in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve RA patients) was significantly higher in patients subsequently treated with TNFi and achieving a good/moderate EULAR response at 12 months in comparison with those who did not respond (n=14, n=8, p adjusted 0.003).Our whole-tissue protein expression data further support the hypothesis that a selective expansion of the MerTK+ macrophage subset characterise patients achieving remission. Moreover, the pre-treatment up-regulation of the MerTK gene in future responders to TNFi suggest that MerTK is implicated in modulating synovial inflammatory responses and may be exploited as a therapeutic target in RA.[1]F. Zhang et al, Nature Immunology, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 928–942, 2019.[2]S. R. Finlay at al, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 77, Supplement 2, pp. 183–183, 2018.[3]Y. Degboé et al, Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 10, p. 3, 2019.Versus ArthritisNone declared


The present invention provides a method of making silicon pyramid structure on a (111) type silicon, to produce a mask pattern having at least three two adjacent windows in the silicon etching surface; and etching the lower window silicon etching by ICP dry to a predetermined depth; anisotropically wet etching so that etching the groove 3 at the junction formed by the upper tapered portion hourglass configuration, the lower tapered portion and the connecting portion thereof; thermally oxidized , so that the connecting portion is completely oxidized, and the oxidized surface of said lower tapered portion to the tapered portion formed at an internal silicon pyramid structure; removing the silicon oxide of the connecting portion so that the upper and lower conical tapered portion away portion while removing the silicon oxide surface of the lower conical portion formed silicon pyramid structure. The present invention requires only a conventional MEMS process, by ICP dry etching, anisotropic wet etching and oxidation process to produce a top diameter of 10 to 100 nm, high integration, silicon pyramidal scale production of its low cost, easy to manufacture, has potential applications in the field of nano-probe.


Convolutional neural networks directly learned chemical information from the periodic table to predict the enthalpy of formation and compound stability.


Hepatitis A is an infectious liver disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) that results in mild to severe illness. HAV is spread to immunologically naïve persons who ingest food or water contaminated with feces from HAV-infected individuals ( 1 ). Hepatitis A is often seen in sporadic cases, but is also seen in large outbreaks, such as the 1988 outbreak in Shanghai that caused over 300,000 cases and huge economic losses (


The goal of the research program implemented by the authors was to develop methodology to be used for determination of constants for Johnson-Cook material model using Charpy impact test. This model is used in programs for modeling by the FEM method in order to account for the influence of strain rate on the strength properties. The method we propose involves selection of the material constants by comparing behavior of a specimen during Charpy test with results of simulation using the FEM method, in LS-DYNA program. Measurement of strain on the specimen surface involved recording Charpy test by means of a fast video camera and time –lapse measurement of changes in the distance of markers.


It was a cold dark morning. Or perhaps it was the afternoon; looking outside, it was impossible to tell. The sun never broke over the horizon the day before, and it wasn't going to that day either. It was November 20 in the western Arctic and we were a few degrees above the north slope of Alaska, steaming east as the R/V Sikuliaq broke through freshly formed sea ice, on our way to the next research station (Fig. 1). I was in the main lab, diligently ignoring my surroundings—the lack of sunlight, the bustle of activity around me, even the loud growling of the ice grinding down the hull. My focus was trained only on a little black box of sporadically updated statistics, the buffering rate of our measly satellite internet connection. I stared at it intensely, whispering positive affirmations to my computer, as if by my soft encouragement alone the numbers would perform better. We were there in the Western Arctic in the late autumn with Dr Jim Thomson, an Oceanographer from the University of Washington's Applied Physics Lab, and his team of researchers to study the physical interactions of waves with the newly formed coastal sea ice. The goal was to explore a potential positive feedback loop between dwindling sea ice and increased wave heights and better understand how these elements impact the shoreline. More accurately, Thomson and his team were doing the studying; my partner and I were the outreach team, onboard to learn, document, and share the stories of their science with others. Which is why I was so focused on that little box of numbers. We were about to be streaming a live video, at least I desperately hoped we would be streaming a live video, from the ship to classrooms all over North America via satellite internet (Fig. 2). The nearest satellite was due south of us, just barely peaking over the horizon, its timidity not making our job any easier. To maximize connection strength, we firewalled every other device onboard and directed all of the little kilobytes of internet into a single computer, hardwired to the network. And then we crossed our fingers. On this end of the live stream was Thomson, explaining how he uses autonomous buoys launched from the ship to collect data about waves and ice and answering questions about life and work aboard a ship in the cold dark Arctic. On the other end of the live stream were 800 students, 11–18 years old, spread all across North America, wiggling in their classroom seats. With a 3–2–1, we were live and Thomson introduced the students to our main lab space before walking them out on deck to see the equipment and snowy conditions. My partner and I followed behind with a tangle of wires connecting cameras, computers, microphones, and a very long cat5 cable. It was a huge success. Thomson captivated his audience as he showed them hands-on science research and talked with researchers at work throughout the ship (Fig. 3). The students asked relevant and astute questions about the changing conditions in the Arctic today and why this science is important. The satellite connection held with few latency issues. And there was a fresh energy among the science team at dinner that night, despite the exhaustion of a 24-h sampling and observation cycle. It was exciting for them to be able to share their work, to offer a peak behind the curtain. We hosted three live stream events on that month-long cruise, each one with its own themes and audiences. And each one was well worth the setup time and technology challenges. It felt almost impossibly productive to be able to reach out to so many students at once while so far from civilization. We got to expose them in a tangible and compelling way to the changes taking places in the Arctic, the research happening up there, maybe even some career paths in a field of science. And we, the outreach team, got the joy of seeing both the audience and the scientists


The title peptide N-benzyloxycarbonyl–ΔLeu–l-Ala–l-Leu–OCH3 [methyl N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-α,β-dehydroleucyl-l-alanyl-l-leucinate], C24H35N3O6, was synthesized in the solution phase. The peptide adopts a type II′ β-turn conformation which is stabilized by an intramolecular 4 \rightarrow 1 N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The crystal packing is stabilized by two intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Aiming at the over-voltage protection problem existing in communication power system in mobile base station,a novel design idea of protection from lighting or others is put forward.The new design includes two-step-protection with varistor.Switch-off mode over-voltage protection is adopted in power model,by which it can enlarge the range of voltage protection and avoid destroying from over-voltage.Obviously the reliability of combined power supply system is improved too.


Introduction : Cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus arrival of the coronary circulation. Materials and Method : 52 years old man with a history of cardiac hydatid cyst operated 27 years ago, heart failure and coronary artery disease. He presented with a history of one year of progressive dyspnoea. Study with chest radiography, echocardiography and computed tomography showed an image compatible with cardiac hydatid disease recurrence in relation to the left ventricle, pulmonary artery and anterior descending artery. Ejection fraction of the left ventricle was approximately 30%. No evidence of extracardiac hydatid disease was found and surgical treatment was decided. Addressed by median sternotomy and extracorporeal circulation, a multiloculated myocardial hydatid cyst, with hundreds of daughter vesicles of different size was found. Pericystectomy of the hydatid cyst was performed without incident. The patient presented postoperative bleeding which required early reoperation. Posteriorly, was discharged without complications. Discussion: Hydatid disease is an endemic zoonosis in Chile. Heart location is infrecuent and correspond to 0.5 to 2% of the cases, usually associated with the presence of extracardiac cysts. The most common location is the free wall of the left ventricle at intramyocardial level. Medical treatment is often inadequate and surgical resection is recommended.


Objective – This study had objective monitor the progress of a patient with acute transverse myelitis analyzing the changes in strength mus cle, balance, range of motion, daily living and functional activities. Methods – The study was conducted at the clinic of Physiotherapy at the Universidade Paulista in May 2006 to June 2009, using the data collection muscle strength manual test, Ashworth's scale of spasticity, go niometer for the movement amplitude, analysis of medical records and questionnaire. Results – The patient reported in this case demons trated improvement slow and progressive during the three years that was accompanied by physiotherapy in strength muscle and balance, therefore, the benefit in functional march, and daily of life activities. Conclusion – Physiotherapy helped the patient to acquire strength mus cle and balance, improving the march and transfers, functional activities of daily life. In addition, stimulated and motivated the patient to overcome their physical limitations, brought clarifications on the pathology and prognosis, and encouraged to return to social life. Descriptors : Transverse myelitis; Physical therapy modalities; Rehabilitation/methods; Rehabilitation services


Software developing technology bridges the gap between the software and hardware. For the purpose of shorting time - to - market, it is extremely important to design a software developing environment as early as possible. A technology of designing software developing environment in the process of FPAG verification is introduced in this paper, so the SoC developing cost is lowed and the time is saved. The software developing technology can work without any aid of hardware.


This study was carried out as a survey of the species of decapod Crustacea found along the Black Sea coasts of Istanbul. It also aims to report on some of their ecological properties. Samples were collected at 36 stations during 2000 and 2001 from depths of 0.5-65 m using a scoop net, dredge, beam-trawl, or trammel net. A total of 15 species of decapod crustaceans was identified. One of these, Philocheras fasciatus (Risso, 1816), is herein reported for the first time from the Turkish coastal waters of the Black Sea. Primary hydrographic conditions such as temperature (range 8.0-21.8°C), salinity (16.7-17.8‰), and dissolved oxygen (4.5-9.0 mg/l) were recorded at each sampling occasion.


This article is aimed at receiving new knowledge in the field of ethnolinguistics and reveals the regional-cultural ties of language and society. The timeliness of the article is connected with the search of such sources of ethnolinguistic information which would demonstrate the specificity of cultural meanings reflected in the signs of verbal language on the specific factual material of different epochs. Regional linguistic source of the research is «А Dictionary of Russian Dialects of Transbaikalia» by L. E. Eliasov. The object of the article is to describe the dialect terminography of Eastern Transbaikalia from the perspectives of the ideographic approach. The article uses the method of complex ethnolinguistic analysis, which includes etymological, semiotic, historical, cultural, and language data. Dialect vocabulary of placer terminology of Eastern Transbaikalia, according to the materials from lexicographical sources, is a detailed reflection of various aspects of the regional linguistic culture, including professional language of mining.


The present invention relates to a container (1) comprising a box (2), and a lid (3), wherein a lifting means (41) for articles (42), in particular smoking articles, is provided in the container (1). The lifting means (41) comprises a lifting panel (45) which is hingedly connected via a first hinge line (44) to the inside of a bottom wall (4) of the box (2), and a back-folding panel (47) depending from the lifting panel (45) via a second hinge line (46). The back-folding panel (47) is adapted to transfer a movement of the lid (3) to the lifting panel (45), such that the lifting panel (45) is lifted, when the lid (3) is moved in the open position. The lifting panel (45) further comprises a holding means with a cut-out (48) provided in the lifting panel (45), wherein the cut-out (48) is adapted to at least partially receive the article (42). The present invention further relates to a lifting means (41) and the use of a lifting means (41).


In this paper there is described a multi-agent solution for moving sensors software. The sensors can change their position in space depending the pre-defined schedule and problem domain constraints. There is studied an application of moving sensors for distributed diagnostics. As an example of moving sensors application there is described an self-mediator sensor network.


Continuing the tradition of publishing the best papers of its annual meetings, the contributions of the French Colonial Historical Society's 1982 meeting are drawn from the broad sweep of France's colonial experience, ranging geographically from North America to Indo-China to Africa, and chronologically from the 17th century to the 1970s. Themes in social history, colonial literature, and the history of science complement the more traditional approaches of political and diplomatic history. Of interest to academic specialists in the former French empire and to all modern historians who deal with European expansion into the non-European world. Co-Published with the French Colonial Historical Society.


Objective To assess the performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) of chest CT for diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD). Materials and Methods The database was comprised by 246 pairs of chest CTs (initial and follow-up CTs within two years) from 246 patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP, n = 100), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, n = 101), and cryptogenic organic pneumonia (COP, n = 45). Sixty cases (30-UIP, 20-NSIP, and 10-COP) were selected as the queries. The CBIR retrieved five similar CTs as a query from the database by comparing six image patterns (honeycombing, reticular opacity, emphysema, ground-glass opacity, consolidation and normal lung) of DILD, which were automatically quantified and classified by a convolutional neural network. We assessed the rates of retrieving the same pairs of query CTs, and the number of CTs with the same disease class as query CTs in top 1–5 retrievals. Chest radiologists evaluated the similarity between retrieved CTs and queries using a 5-scale grading system (5-almost identical; 4-same disease; 3-likelihood of same disease is half; 2-likely different; and 1-different disease). Results The rate of retrieving the same pairs of query CTs in top 1 retrieval was 61.7% (37/60) and in top 1–5 retrievals was 81.7% (49/60). The CBIR retrieved the same pairs of query CTs more in UIP compared to NSIP and COP (p = 0.008 and 0.002). On average, it retrieved 4.17 of five similar CTs from the same disease class. Radiologists rated 71.3% to 73.0% of the retrieved CTs with a similarity score of 4 or 5. Conclusion The proposed CBIR system showed good performance for retrieving chest CTs showing similar patterns for DILD.


Compositions and methods for producing an electrode for a fuel cell. The compositions and methods are particularly useful for the production of anode and cathode for a proton exchange membrane fuel cells, particularly direct methanol fuel cell. This method uses a direct-write tool, depositing an ink composition, it is possible to form a functional layer of the membrane electrode assembly having controlled properties and improved performance.


This paper proposes a bandwidth-efficient frequency-domain equalization (FDE) for single carrier (SC) underwater acoustic (UWA) communications with multiple transducers and hydrophones. The proposed algorithm implements an overlapped-window FDE by partitioning a large block into small subblocks. A decision-directed channel estimation scheme is also proposed to track the channel variation by the detect symbols. The proposed algorithm is tested by undersea data collected during the Rescheduled Acoustic Communications Experiment (RACE) in March 2008. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed receive algorithm effectively tracks the time variation of the channel impulse responses and significantly improves the performance of uncoded bit error rate (BER). Compared with traditional SC-FDE system, the proposed overlapped-window FDE achieves 74.4% and 84.6% average BER reduction for the 400 m and 1000 m range systems, respectively at the same data efficiency and has only 8.4% transmission overhead, which is much smaller than over 20% of other existing UWA OFDM and SC-FDE systems at the same BER level.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a driving device for a hybrid vehicle capable of shortening the length of a power transmission member for transmitting the power of a power distribution mechanism to a front wheel in forward and backward directions of the vehicle. SOLUTION: This driving device for the hybrid vehicle is provided with a first driving force source 2 and a second driving force source 4 for transmitting power to a rear wheel 43, gear shift mechanisms 3, 5 arranged in a power transmission path among the first driving force source 2, the front wheel 32, and the rear wheel 43, and the power distribution mechanism 6 for distributing power outputted from the gear shift mechanisms 3, 5 to the front wheel 32 and the rear wheel 43. The first driving force source 2, the second driving force source 4, the gear shift mechanisms 3, 5, and the power distribution mechanism 6 are arranged in the forward and backward directions of the vehicle 1. The power distribution mechanism 6 is arranged among the gear shift mechanisms 3, 5 and the second driving force source 4 in the forward and backward directions of the vehicle 1. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO


The first book to include developments since the Gulf War and the historic pact between Israel and the PLO, Inside the Arab World gives us a complete and detailed picture of the region as it is today, as well as a clear sense of how Arab affairs have evolved and where they may lead.


Male 33 years old patient came with complaint of fever. Positive NS1 and DEN-3 dengue virus were revealed. Patient also with multiple nodules thyroid gland with increased of thyroxine hormone level and Burch Wartofsky 45. Patient was dignosed of thyroid crisis triggered by Den-3 serotype of dengue virus. It was life-threatening case and treated at high care unit. Early diagnosed and prompt treatment safe patient life.


Background:A newly developed microemulsion propofol consisted of 10% purified poloxamer 188 and 0.7% polyethylene glycol 660 hydroxystearate. The authors studied the physicochemical properties, aqueous free propofol concentration, and plasma bradykinin generation. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were also evaluated in rats. Methods:The pH, particle size, and osmolarity of microemulsion propofol were measured using a pH meter, particle size analyzer, and cryoscopic osmometer, respectively. The aqueous free propofol and plasma bradykinin were measured by a dialysis method and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Microemulsion propofol was administered by zero-order infusion of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg · kg−1 · min−1 for 20 min in 30 rats. The electroencephalographic approximate entropy was used as a surrogate measure of propofol effect. Results:The pH, osmolarity, and particle size of microemulsion propofol are 7.5, 280 mOsm/l, and 67.0 ± 28.5 nm, respectively. The aqueous free propofol concentration in microemulsion propofol was 63.3 ± 1.2 μg/ml. When mixed with human blood, microemulsion propofol did not generate bradykinin in plasma. Although microemulsion propofol had nonlinear pharmacokinetics, a two-compartment model with linear pharmacokinetics best described the time course of the propofol concentration as follows: V1 = 0.143 l/kg, k10 = 0.175 min−1, k12 = 0.126 min−1, k21 = 0.043 min−1. The pharmacodynamic parameters in a sigmoid Emax model were as follows: E0 = 1.18, Emax = 0.636, Ce50 = 1.87 μg/ml, γ = 1.28, ke0 = 1.02 min−1. Conclusions:Microemulsion propofol produced a high concentration of free propofol in the aqueous phase. For the applied dose range, microemulsion propofol showed nonlinear pharmacokinetics.


Using the behavioral economics framework, the current study assessed the effectiveness of compliance gaining techniques and social normative influences to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination behavior among college students. A total of 1,283 students responded to a cross-sectional survey assessing the influence of compliance gaining techniques and normative pressures upon vaccine attitudes and behavior. Findings suggest that being female, a person of color, and politically liberal were associated with increased likelihood of vaccination behavior. Likelihood of getting vaccinated was influenced by previous influenza vaccine behavior and parents' vaccination status, suggesting the importance of parental social norms. Compliance gaining techniques may have strengthened attitudes for unvaccinated students but were less successful at motivating actual vaccine behavior.


Today there is a real desire to build skyscrapers in economical cities. Where they are considered the weakest if they are exposed to an earthquake due to their height, lightweight, flexibility, and low damping resistance. Therefore, many studies and techniques presented to control vibration dangers. The newer technique to enhance vibration responses of structures is the Tuned Mass Damper (TMD). In this study, a two-story building was designed and analyzed, with Tuned Mass placed on the upper floor and friction damping between movable hose clamp ball bearings and a fixed shaft. The Friction Tuned Mass Damper is formed by combining this bearing and bearing shaft system with the Tuned Mass Damper (FTMD). The coefficient of friction and equivalent viscous damping ratio of the proposed FTMD coil were experimentally obtained based on different states of the tuned mass. To explore the potential of the proposed FTMD to suppress vibrations on a two-degree-of-freedom structure exposed to the step input, numerical modeling and simulation were done using matlbe. In addition, to verify the simulation results, a parallel experimental validation of FTMD was performed. The proposed FTMD device was able to significantly enhance the damping ratio of the core structure, according to the results of both experiments and simulations. The selected steel slide shaft had a near-perfect damping coefficient, the proposed FTMD may significantly reduce the amplitude of the structural resonant peak over the studied excitation frequency domain.


Selectivity: OH-, NH- and SH-Groupspecific Reagents. The Application in Organic Analysis and as Protective Groups

Phosphylhalides and -pseudohalides R1R2P(O)X (X = Cl, F, CN, N3, OC6H4NO2(p)) reactdepending on X- with a different selectivity with OHNH- and SH-groups. Vinylsulfones ArSO2CH = CH2 are SH-selective. Silanes R3SiH are OH-selective.

By exchange of one ligand bound on P, SO2 or Si by the 5-dimethylamino resp. the 5-methoxynaphthalinogroup reagents are formed, which combine group selectivity with fluorescence. The fluorescence is quenched if a ligand or the leaving group is substituted by a NO2-group.

The fluorescence appears again if after the group selective fixation the ligand with the nitrogroup is split off.

In serine enzymes (α-chymotrypsine, trypsin, butyryl- and acetylcholinesterase, subtilisine) and insuline (after the reductive opening of the S-S bridges) the primary OH-groups in the active site in the enzymes resp. the SH groups in the reduced insuline were substituted with fluorescing groups using group selective fluorescing reagents.


Based on a 1996 survey of 1,700 Egyptian establishments in the manufacturing and service sectors in three governorates, discusses human resource development practices and needs at the enterprise level.


One reason of the reformism novel theory's miscarriage is that the reformist can not resolve the conflict between novel style and didacticism recital. Novel is secular literary form, representing folk aesthetic taste. But the reformist disregards its justification and attribute of stylistic value where Chinese classical novels came into being in the history. They try to replace the expression of desire with didacticism recital, and folk aesthetic taste with elite thought, bringing about the variation of attribute of stylistic value and meanwhile the miscarriage of the reformism novel theory.


I've been in children's media for over three decades – long enough to have seen dramatically positive (if not always linear) progress in the relationship between industry and academia. Media Exposure during Infancy and Early Childhood – Springer's new volume edited by Rachel Barr and Deborah Nichols Linebarger – sets out to strengthen that relationship by pairing research chapters on a variety of topics with chapters written by content creators/industry representatives. In doing so, the book illuminates important new perspectives, but also treads some familiar territory. For me, three brief snapshots reveal the evolving courtship of researchers and content creators: In 1994, at a Children Now conference, I moderated a panel that mimicked a television creative development meeting for a new series. One of the best researchers of the time kicked things off with a nuanced and deep social, emotional, cognitive, and cultural profile of our inner-city tween girl protagonist (a proxy for our intended audience). With hardly a pause, the producers and network executives ignored our expert's sociological and developmental insights and said, "OK, our pilot episode is about getting her first bra." You could see the researcher slump in her chair. At the time, except for Sesame Street, creators were generally loath to work with researchers, feeling they were there solely to tell them "no" or usurp the producers' creative role. Fast forward a bit to 1999, when the Children's Television Act was codified in the United States. Suddenly, academic or educational advisors were back "in" as they were needed to certify a television series as "FCC friendly" (a spectacularly cynical term, suggesting attention to the wrong audience). The relationship – at least in the USA – had grown closer, but not deeper. A friend who guided Standards and Practices for major children's media companies told me later that she had revised her business cards several times over the years, removing or adding back "Ph.D." to fit the zeitgeist. Most recently, in 2013, I organized a panel of academic and industry leaders for New York's Children's Media Association. The evening was divided into two broad questions: what I'd like the other "side" to know about my work, and what I'd like to know about theirs. As part of the former, Vikki Katz of Rutgers University delivered a concise distinction between the "process-based" academic research field and the "results-based" media world:


Network survivability is crucial to multicast traffic. We propose applying p-cycles to dynamic provisioning of survivable multicast traffic. We show that p-cycle-based multicast protection approaches offer much better performance compared with other shared multicast protection approaches.


Introduction CHAPTER I The Andres Bello Agreement 1 1. Aims and Organization 1 2. The Development of Formal Education in Andean Countries 3. Feasibility of Integration of the Educational Systems among Countries involved in the Andres 13 Bello Agreement 4. The Latin American and Andean Efforts for Integration 17 5. The Andean Pact 22


The article describes the institutional framework of the Czech
economy and its functioning problems which are manifested when
securing a desired pace of the economic and social development
in the Czech Republic. It is based on the assessment of the
Czech Republics position according to the characteristics of
institutional quality within the EU. A growing attention has
been paid to the indicators of the institutional quality of the
economy in the Czech Republic in recent years. This trend is
apparent especially when assessing the effectiveness of
companies. Quality of corporate environment and corporate
management are to a large extent regarded as significant
factors affecting the business sphere effectiveness.


Angle-resolved photoemission spectra have been calculated with the one-step model for S/GaAs(0 0 1) and compared with experimental distributions. The data are analysed in terms of the ideal 1 × 1 and, furthermore, of the reconstructed 2 × 6 surface which is assumed to be closest to the experimentally realized structure. Emissions are characterized by electronic structure terms such as energy bands and orbital composition, though partly also by geometric properties. In particular, the determination of the second layer as consisting of Ga atoms has been achieved because of the distinct differences in the theoretical spectra with S–Ga and those with S–As bonds.