Objective:To observe the influence of Wubai Powder on pigmentation animal model induced by 308nm excimer laser.Methods:308nm excimer laser induced pigmentation animal model.After establishing the model,the areas of pigmentation were divided into 3 group:single matrix cream group,2% hydroquinone group and Wubai Powder group,and daubed them on corresponding lesions.After treamting for 30 days,the efficacy of the tested drug was evaluated comprehensively by measurements of melanin index,melanocyte,melanin as well as the histopathology of skin.Result:It was shown that the tested drug can decrease the level of melanin index,restrain the activity of melanocyte,reduce the generation of melanin and relieve pigmentation caused by UVB.Conclusion:Wubai Powder had obvious treatment function on 308nm excimer laser-induced pigmentation,its mechanism was to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase,which decreased melanin generation.


A warming climate, as predicted under current climate change projections, is likely to influence the population dynamics of many forest insect species. Numerous bark beetle species in both Europe and North America have already responded to a warming climate by significantly expanding their geographical ranges. The aim of the current study was to investigate how populations of bark beetles within stands of Sitka spruce, a widely planted non‐native commercial plantation tree species in the U.K., were likely to respond to a warming climate. Experimental plots were established in stands of Sitka spruce over elevational gradients in two commercial forest plantations, and the abundance and emergence times of key bark beetle species were assessed over a 3‐year period using flight interception traps. The air temperature difference between the lowest and highest experimental plot in each forest was consistently >1°C throughout the 3‐year period. In general, the abundance of the most dominant bark beetle species (e.g. Trypodendron, Dryocoetes, Hylastes spp.) was higher, and emergence times tended to be earlier in the year at the lower elevation plots, where temperatures were higher, although not all bark beetle species responded in the same manner. The results of the study indicated that, under the projected future climate warming scenarios, monoculture Sitka spruce stands at low elevations may potentially be more vulnerable to significant outbreak events from existing or invasive bark beetle species. Hence, consideration of establishing more resilient forests of Sitka spruce by diversifying the species composition and structure of Sitka spruce stands is discussed.


WS2 nanosheets–carbon composites (WS2/C) were synthesized through a simple two-step process including ball-milling and sulfidation. When applied as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries and lithium-ion batteries, WS2/C composites deliver a high reversible sodium storage capacity of 270 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and a high reversible lithium storage capacity of 322 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of WS2/C compared with the bare WS2 can be attributed to the synergic effects between WS2 and Super P carbon black matrix, which can offer a beneficial conductivity environment for electron transfer and accommodate stress from the volume change during cycling.


Water mass transformation is an important part of the Ocean circulation. Lagrangian trajectories can be used to connect pathways with water mass properties such as temperature and salinity. Here, we will introduce the Lagrangian divergence of heat and salt that can be computed using Lagrangian trajectories. This is a new method that can be used to determine where water masses are changing temperature or salinity geographically.
Further, the following two examples on how to use the Lagrangian divergence will be given:

(1) In the Atlantic Ocean water flows northward and transform from warm and saline to cold and fresh. The Lagrangian divergence has been used to show that this cooling and freshening is confined to the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre.

(2) Waters in the upper limb of the Southern Hemisphere Conveyor Belt circulation converts from cold and fresh to warm and saline as it travels from the Southern Ocean to the tropics. The Lagrangian divergence shows that this warming and salinification are confined to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the southern subtropical gyres, and the equator. In this study, the Lagrangian divergence are separated by the mixed layer depth, which distinguishes if a change in heat and salt is driven by internal mixing or air--sea interactions.


The "feminization" of mass communication programs has been a popular topic for research in the last decade as we have witnessed increasing numbers of women in the discipline (Beasley & Theus, 1988). Less attention has been paid, however, to racial and ethnic minority enrollment in undergraduate journalism programs and its impact on the communications industry. That impact is likely to be considerable-students who graduate from these programs will be among the agenda setters and image makers of the next generation. Journalism programs are not the only source of qualified entrants to the journalistic workforce. News organizations frequently hire graduates of political science, economics, and other liberal arts majors, as well as (or in preference to) those in journalism or mass communication. In fact, the American Society of Newspaper Editors ("Want to Find," 1991) advises editors to look beyond journalism programs in recruiting minority applicants. Although journalism educators may not be completely comfortable with such advice, they recognize their majors need a solid background in the liberal arts. While minority representation in journalism programs has been generally addressed in recent studies (Becker,lggO; Martindale, 1990; Paddon & Cobb, 1990; J


The invention discloses a quick cleaning method of a charging barrel and a threaded rod of an injection molding machine, wherein the cleaning method comprises the steps of: receding the threaded rod for a distance by an injection action, manually receding the threaded rod to the maximal receding position of the threaded rod, so that certain amount of air can enter the charging barrel, the air extrudes the plastic material and generates extrusion and friction with the threaded rod and the charging barrel if the plastic material in the charging barrel is ejected at a high speed to well clean the charging barrel and the threaded rod so as to speed up the cleaning speed of the charging barrel and the threaded rod and improve the cleaning quality of the charging barrel and the threaded rod.


In this article, I attempt to clarify the relationships among three contemporary concepts that are often used interchangeably or conflated in the literature: anti-establishment politics, political outsiders and populism. In order to make sense of these manifestations of public discontent, I argue that one must examine the nature of political appeals, political actors' locations vis-à-vis the party system and the linkages between citizens and government. Doing so, furthermore, helps clarify the meaning of populism, one of the most elusive concepts in political science. The definition of populism I offer allows us to synthesize much of the literature on the subject while weeding out unnecessary and secondary characteristics. Importantly, too, this definition allows us to separate competing claims of `direct democracy' and thus populists from non-populists.


The article deals with application of replacement flow parts as one of methods of extension of pump operation range. Offered approach to modernization of existent list of pumps is based on analysis of data concerning evaluation of value of capacity of beginning of reverse flows formation on inlet and outlet of impeller.


Farmer's profit cannot be maximized without optimum cropping patterns, which ensure efficient utilization of available resources. Farmers often follow their instinct and experience to handle this problem. This does not guarantee optimal solutions. Linear programming is an effective technique that can address the resource allocation problem and produce optimal solutions. In this study a linear programming model was applied to calculate the crop acreage, production and income of a Model A2 farm in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted on 32.55 hectares of land of which 27.55 hectares is rain fed and 5 hectares is irrigated. Crops and livestock included were maize, potatoes and pigs. The results showed that rain fed maize gained acreage by 233%. The overall optimal crop acreage increased by 85%, while the income increased by 33% as compared to the farmer's plan.


The text formulates the testing program which is suit for the running state of Guizhou Electric Power Dispatch Data Network,Including: Backbone link,aggregation link and access link of loss rate,delay,jitter,MOS,packet replication,packet out of order.The test results one by one for a Cause,puts forward various measures for network optimization.Therefore,Guizhou power dispatching data network to carry out application characteristics testing technology has important practical significance,that can produce good economic and social benefits of active.


Introduction: BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor that participates in DNA repair. Inherited pathogenic mutations in BRCA2 are associated with a 38%-84% risk for breast cancer and a 16.5%-27% risk for ovarian cancer. BRCA2 exon 3, which encodes a binding site for the interacting proteins EMSY and PALB2, is frequently skipped during alternative splicing events, often due to spliceogenic mutations, but also for as yet uncharacterized environmental conditions. A genomic deletion that results in complete allelic loss of exon 3 has been shown to be pathogenic, yet sequence variants that result in increased frequency of exon 3-skipping have been shown to be non-pathogenic. Thus, the allele-specific ability of BRCA2 to contribute to DNA repair is affected by the level of exon 3-skipping. In this study we explore the effects of the topoisomerase inhibitor doxorubicin on the frequency of BRCA2 exon 3-skipping. Isoform-specific end-point RT-PCR shows that doxorubicin increases the frequency of BRCA2 exon 3-skipping in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 at concentrations below those required for promoting apoptosis.
 Methods: MCF7 cells were treated with doxorubicin according to standard protocols. IC50 levels of doxorubicin were determined using a crystal violet assay. Flow cytometry was performed using standard protocols. RNA was prepared using Qiagen reagents and amplified with Invitrogen One-Step RT-PCR reagents. Isoform-specific RT-PCR primers were designed to amplify the full-length region surrounding BRCA2 exon 3 independently from the region left by an exon-skipping event (∆3). RT-PCR products were visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis.
 Results and Conclusion: Results suggest that doxorubicin increases the level of BRCA2 exon 3-skipping in MCF7 at concentrations below those required for promoting apoptosis. This suggests doxorubicin may compromise the DNA repair functions of BRCA2 and other alternatively spliced mRNAs, which may contribute to the therapeutic benefits and/or toxicity of the drug.
 Citation Format: Jordan R. Werner, Hiba Siddiqui, Ethan Castillo, Mohammed Ansari, James D. Fackenthal. A DNA damaging agent affects BRCA2 exon 3-skipping [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6095.


This article analyses two novels in Bengali by Satinath Bhaduri, Jagari (1946, translated into English as The Vigil ) and Dhorai Charit Manas (1949–51, translated into English as Dhorai Charit Manas ). It analyses them as examples of vernacular Indian utopian literature, with specific reference to competing visions of utopia as crystallized in the anti-colonial Quit India Movement in India and to Gandhian notions of utopia. Neither of these novels adopts the well-known and canonical Eurocentric format of a utopian novel, in which a traveller from the outside world goes to a utopian country. Bhaduri's two novels, rather, show us how inhabitants of India in the very last years of British colonialism engage in social dreaming, with Gandhian utopia, and critiques thereof, as central themes. Gandhi's modern and radically non-Eurocentric reinvention of utopia—driven through the topoi of Ramrajya, of the ashram as utopian locus and of the oceanic circle of future Indian villages—demands a reconsideration of utopian writing. Both novels discussed in this article represent Gandhian utopian themes, but both also critique idealized Gandhian utopianism. Gandhian, socialist, communist and militant social dreaming play dialogically through the novels. This article traces the utopian impulse in these novels, as well as their ways of opening out multiple utopian programmes.


Community radio has a role in addressing the phenomenon of media domination by one party, both the private sector and government. The role of community radio is a reflection of the upheaval of the information needs of people who are less satisfied. Community radio is built as a local alternative media amid media hegemony. The concept of community radio and community participation that elevates the local community, to the radio as the radio is not solely profit-oriented business. Dominance can be broken through the mainstream radio community radio has a typical locality and the interests of local communities. Current regulations for community radio are like two different sides of a coin. One side of broadcasting regulation can provide fresh air to the freedom of information in society. However, the other side of the space to community radio with the existing provisions relating to the licensing and wave frequency limitations. If only the government as the ruler of a public broadcaster more supportive community broadcasters, the role of community radio in the face of media hegemony will be a maximum of defending the interests of local communities and specific community .


Abstract:  Moiré interferometry combined with hole‐drilling is an effective method for measuring welding residual deformation. In this study, two lap‐welded rectangular steel plates with different overlap widths were manufactured, and cross‐gratings with a frequency of 1200 lines per mm were replicated on test areas of the welds. Sixteen through holes were drilled in the plates to release residual stress, while Moiré interferometry, integrated with a phase‐shifting technique, was used to determine the corresponding surface residual deformation. The distribution characteristics of the residual displacements around the drilled holes were investigated using the experimental data as basis. The relationship between the residual displacement located in the plates and the distance to the weld lines is also presented in this paper. Furthermore, the magnitude and direction of the residual strain both near the holes and within the plates were analysed. The experimental data and detailed analysis in this paper can serve as some reference for research on the residual strain of welds.


The current state of pedestrian safety in the United States was recently presented in a report, Mean Streets, produced by the Environmental Working Group and the Surface Transportation Policy Project in April, 1997. The report's findings, which were based on data compiled by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), indicated that from 1986 to 1995 approximately 6,000 pedestrians were killed by automobiles each year on American streets and highways, and more than 110,000 pedestrians were injured. The report suggested that this condition may be the consequence of a transportation system that is primarily focused on making the streets safe for cars instead of making communities safe for pedestrians. Traffic engineers all over the United States are searching for ways to increase the safety of pedestrians on the public street right-of-way. One recent trend has been to remove striped crosswalks. Although some data may support this action as a way to reduce pedestrian-vehicle accidents, the public surely questions the reasonableness of this approach by the traffic engineering community. The more proactive approach has been strategies to enhance crosswalk striping, signing and lighting at uncontrolled crosswalks. In 1993, the City of Santa Rosa, California, initiated a new concept in proactive pedestrian warning systems for uncontrolled crosswalks after experiencing a significant number of pedestrian fatalities and injuries. The Experimental Crosswalk Warning Device system was designed to warn approaching motorists of pedestrians crossing the street within marked crosswalks at uncontrolled intersections. The experimental device consists of a series of flashing warning light units which are embedded in the pavement adjacent to a marked crosswalk. The lights reflect toward the oncoming traffic to warn drivers of a pedestrian's presence. The system is currently in place at three locations in the City of Santa Rosa, California, the initial testing site of the device. The California Traffic Control Devices Committee (CTCDC) recently endorsed the testing of the device in six additional cities in California in order to determine if the device should be sent on to the California State Department of Transportation for standardization. In July, 1997, a report was presented to the CTCDC describing the results of the analysis of the test sites in the six additional cities. This paper is a presentation of the preliminary findings of that study along with a description of related issues such as the evolution of the device and the process which led to the current use of the device. Also included is a description of the system operation, a brief description of the test sites, the data collection procedures, results of the data analysis, an evaluation of system performance, recommendations, and a discussion of the next phase of testing and operation.


This report constitutes an expanded version of a presentation given by the author at the 1993 European Control Conference (short course on "Neural Nets for Control"). The first part places neurocontrol techniques in a general learning control framework. The second part of the report, which is essentially independent of the first,briefly surveys several basic theoretical results regarding neural networks.


We use the border effects methodology to study the empirical foundation of anxieties relating to construction of a "Fortress Europe."
We study to what extent imports from the United States and Japan for a representative European country have actually been subject
to greater constraints than imports from other European countries, taking intra-national trade as a benchmark. Our findings show a
relatively large increase in difficulty of access to the European market for Japanese and American producers during the 1980s. This
pattern contrasts quite markedly with the gradual reduction in border effects within the European Union.


Abstract This article compares likelihood and Bayesian estimations for partially accelerated constant-stress life test model under type II censoring assuming Pareto distribution of the second kind. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators of the model parameters are derived. The posterior means and posterior variances are obtained under the squared error loss function using Lindley's approximation procedure. The advantages of this proposed procedure are shown. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted under different samples sizes and different parameter values to assess and compare the proposed methods of estimation. A noninformative prior on the model parameters is used to make the comparison more meaningful. It has been observed that Lindley's method usually provides posterior variances and mean squared errors smaller than those of the maximum likelihood estimators. That is, Lindley's method produces improved estimates, which is an advantage of this method.


A simple, fast technique for accurate measurement of dielectric constant of polymers at microwave frequencies is presented. The measurement of the wavelength of the microwave signal on the surface of the dielectric rod with the diameter D = λg directly determines the dielectric constant. Results for teflon, perspex, nylon, etc. in the X band (8.5–12.8 GHz) are also presented.


For the purpose to evaluate the performance characteristics of engine running on biofuels During 2009-2014 the 10 engine tests (4stand test and 6 in field conditions) were carried out with other researchers. The energy and environmental properties of 1st and 2ndbiofuels mixtures tested and compared with fossil diesel. The changes were observed and in general case the average values was:emissions of: nitrogen oxides increased 3 ÷ 5%; smokiness and carbon monoxide decreased respectively 20 ÷ 30% and 5 ÷ 16%;unburned hydrocarbons changes in a range of -15 ÷ +32%. The break specific fuel consumption increased by 3 ÷ 8%, the effetenessof energy use increased by 2 ÷ 4%. KEY WORDS: Diesel engine, biofuels, biodiesels, motor properties.


Soil pollution is one of the main environmental stresses due to the effect of various contaminations by heavy metals like lead. The aim of this study is to examine the response of a halophile species Atriplex halimus L. under lead stress. This plant is watered from the germination stage with different concentrations of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 1000, 3000, 5000 and 7000 ppm for 100 days. The response of plants is evaluated by an analysis of the growth mass parameters (fresh and dry weight) and biochemical parameters (chlorophyllian pigments, proline and total proteins). The results reveal a growth inhibition of the aerial and root parts by Pb(NO3)2 treatment compared to control. On the other hand, the biochemical response indicates that the amount of chlorophyll pigments reduced by the effect of different treatment of lead. In contrast, proline and total proteins contents increased in leaves and roots of Atriplex halimus L. as a response to stress.


The in-depth analysis of the Connotation and characteristics of the project teaching method, to use the PLC technology course in the automation major as its carrier. Then the project teaching task, project implementation plan,project implementation method and project teaching quality evaluation standard is presented through the analysis of the project teaching method. Based on project driven teaching method, it takes the student as the main body, improving the quality of teaching and training students' engineering application ability. It has a good promotion effect in the specialized courses for engineering.


Antigenically-distinct members of bacterial species can be differentially distributed in the environment. Predators known to consume antigenically-distinct prey with different efficiencies are also differentially distributed. Here we show that antigenically-distinct, but otherwise isogenic and physiologically indistinct, strains of Salmonella enterica show differential survival in natural soil, sediment and intestinal environments where they would face a community of predators. Decline in overall cell numbers is attenuated by factors that inhibit the action of predators, including heat and antiprotozoal and antihelminthic drugs. Moreover, the fitnesses of strains facing these predators - calculated by comparing survival with and without treatments attenuating predator activity - vary between environments. These results suggest that relative survival in natural environments is arbitrated by communities of natural predators whose feeding preferences, if not species composition, varies between environments. These data support the hypothesis that survival against natural predators may drive the differential distribution of bacteria among microenvironments.


We present preliminary investigations into the design of antennas for use in PC cards that communicate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Design criteria which are considered desirable for those antenna include, compact size with low profile, low cost, 80 MHz bandwidth with sharp cutoff, vertical null in the antenna pattern, good efficiency, flexible impedance matching to CMOS LNA, circular polarization and possible differential operation. Experimental results from two antenna designs consisting of a PIFA and a dual PIFA configuration are described.


Parkinson disease is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. As with other neurodegenerative diseases, no disease-modifying treatments exist. While most treatment objectives aim to prevent neuronal loss or protect vulnerable neuronal circuits, an important alternative is to replace lost neurons to reconstruct disrupted circuits. Herein we report an efficient single-step conversion of isolated mouse and human astrocytes into functional neurons by depleting the RNA binding protein PTB. Applying this approach to mice with a chemically induced Parkinson's phenotype, we provide evidence that disease manifestations can be potently reversed through converting astrocytes into new substantia nigral neurons, effectively restoring dopamine levels via reestablishing the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. We further demonstrate similar disease reversal with a therapeutically feasible approach using antisense oligonucleotides to transiently suppress PTB. These findings identify a generalizable therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders through replacing lost neurons in the brain.


Recently, the Federal Aviation Administration proposed to auction slots at the three New York airports, which are among the most congested and delay prone in the United States. The new policy would have cleared up a very muddled airport congestion policy. This paper reviews the history of slots policy in the USA, economic arguments for slots and slot auctions, the practical methods for conducting auctions, complementary policies proposed but rejected by Congress for applying cost-based user fees to air traffic control services in the USA, and the interests of the opposing parties. © 2009 LSE and the University of Bath


TSP(Traveling Salesman Problem) is a problem of combination optimization with simple definition but difficult to be solved.Using Genetic Algorithm(GA) to solve TSP,we should encode the visited cities according to the method of permutation and combination this can guarantee every city to be visited only once.Then generate the initial population,and calculate the fitness function,that is the distance of all the cities.Next,use the method of optimal preservation to determine the selection operator to ensure those excellent individuals can being reproduced to the next generation.Use the method of orderly cross and inversion mutation to determine the crossover operator and the mutation operator.Using MATLAB to carry out the algorithm,after simulation,we observe the route and obtain the result in the end.


Vasopressin, also known as arginine vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone, is an endogenous peptide hormone traditionally used to treat diabetes insipidus and acute oesophageal variceal haemorrhage. 1 Recent reports describe its use in two clinical situations directly applicable to emergency medicine: in cardiac arrest as an alternative to epinephrine 2–6 and as a vasopressor in treatment-resistant vasodilatory (septic) shock. 7–9 This review describes the physiology of vasopressin and briefly outlines its use historically. It will also focus upon the use of vasopressin in cardiac arrest and vasodilatory shock and will discuss recent American Heart Association guidelines. 10,11 Consideration will be given to its use in the ED.


Suppose thatn statistical units are observed, each following the modelY (xj) = m(xj) +"(xj); j = 1;:::;N; where m is a regression function, 0 x1 < < xN 1 are observation times spaced according to a sampling density f, and " is a continuous-time error process having mean zero and regular covariance function. Considering the local polynomial estimation of m and its derivatives, we derive asymptotic expressions for the bias and variance as n;N!1. Such results are particularly relevant in the context of functional data where essential information is contained in the derivatives. Based on these results, we deduce optimal sampling densities, optimal bandwidths and asymptotic normality of the estimator. Simulations are conducted in order to compare the performances of local polynomial estimators based on exact optimal bandwidths, asymptotic optimal bandwidths, and cross-validated bandwidths.


We investigated the lasing characteristics of guided modes in a double-layered square microcavity made of a fused-silica hollow square capillary, in which the modes were formed by the total internal reflections off the inner and outer boundaries. Periodically peaked spectra of guided modes were observed when a dye-doped dielectric was coated on the outer boundary for a laser gain. By reducing the distance between the outer and the inner boundaries, we could achieve even a lasing of single closed guided modes with multiple reflections at each side of the inner boundary. Our double-layered square cavity can be adapted for various applications, particularly in the photonic integrated circuits.


A Novel Shortest-distance Path-based Multicast Routing Algorithm for Network-on-Chips A Low-Power 16-Channel SiPM Readout Front-end with a Shared SAR ADC in 180 nm Studying the Reliability of Ge nFinFETs by the Normalized Input-referred Voltage Noise Interconnect Structures BEOL A Two-ASIC Front-End for MEMS Accelerometers A Photovoltaic and Thermal Energy Combining Harvesting Interface Circuit with MPPT and Single High Dynamic Range Pixel Circuit with High-voltage Protection for 128×128 Linear-mode APD high-efficiency WPT system with dual-output and enhanced coupling Study on Trapping HEMTs The Ultra-Wideband 0.5-15GHz LNA Reconfigurable Receiver System 28 nm A Ka-Band High-Gain and Wideband mmW Down-Conversion Mixer for 5G Communication Applications The Superjunction Device with Optimized Process Window of Breakdown Voltage low power readout circuit for 16-bit Speed DAC R2R An Impedance Calibration Method Based on Temperature and Process Monitor for High-Performance Bipolar GaN Diode Realized Broadened Quantum Well Three-Dimensional Enhancement-Type GaN HEMT High Power Transmission Capability Extended Well A decimation filter Sigma delta modulator FMCW transceiver


Prof. Dr. Andreas Wimmer September 11 and the war in Afghanistan have transformed some aspects of international relations. Existing governments and states have gained credibility independently of their relations to basic Western values. Many anti-governmental forces that use violence as a strategic means have lost legitimacy and external support. For development research, the cascade of events has important implications. It brings to the forefront that some of the main obstacles to overcome on the path to sustainable development are of a political nature: the emergence of "failed states" that harbor terrorist organisations and do not respond to conventional diplomatic and military pressures; the grievances that American (and in part EU) post Cold-War politics has produced in large parts of the world, especially in the Middle East; more generally, the disenchantment with "Western" development and state models that has become widespread among the educated elites who no longer have guaranteed employment in the shrinking government apparatus. Islam is not the cause of these developments, it merely provides a language to express these grievances in some parts of the world. Rather than seeing terrorism as a consequence of poverty, such as World Bank officials did in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, or as an expression of Islam's inherent tendency towards radicalism, terrorism results from failed political developments. Addressing these issues is a major task both for development policy and research. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 brought Afghanistan to the forefront of public attention – a country engulfed in a 23-year-old war, and one of the poorest and most devastated places in the world. Nonetheless some branches of the otherwise idle economy prospered in recent years. They support what can be designated as economy of violence. These sectors have profited from the erosion of state structures and have followed the rules of market economy. The following research emerged from the ZEF project Afghanistan – Ethnicization of a Conflict .


The observations by Spite &; Spite (1982), that the upper values of the lithium abundance in halo stars are one order of magnitude smaller than the ones observed in galactic stars, lead to a large debate about the primordial lithium abundance. The whole problem can be summarized by the following question: has lithium been depleted in the outer layers of halo stars, or has the original lithium been preserved at their surfaces since the beginning? original lithium abundance in halo stars during all their lifetime. lithium is depleted element separation, it is destroyed by nuclear inside halo stars the lithium abundance could have remained its original the the abundances preserved turbulent diffusion rapidly radius, Zahn


The recent research results on robust design are reviewed and some robust design methodsare introduced as well. Robust design for structures is proposed firstly. A truss structural exampleshows that this new method is much better than current design method. The prospect of this methodfor ship hull structures is also predicted.


Effective communication is essential in highly organized ant societies. Currently myrmecologists believe that pheromones play the central role in ant communication and that relatively little is accomplished with sound. However many ant species make sounds by stridulating, i.e., running a scraper over ridges on their abdomen. Hence, it seems likely that ants communicate using a combination of pheromones and sound. Because ants appear insensitive to airborne sound, myrmecologists have concluded that stridulatory signals are transmitted through the substrate. However, this conclusion is untenable for a number of reasons. How then can ants transmit signals through the air when apparently they are insensitive to airborne sound? The answer lies in the fact that ants are much smaller than the wavelength of the sound they generate, so there is a relatively significant near field surrounding a stridulating ant. The near field is characterized by a major increase in the particle velocity of sound, which can be dete...


In this paper a laboratory set-up with an electron linac installed in this Institute, and an attached narrow-beam col- limator for photon beam are presented. Characteristics of the circular photon beams of diameters ranging from 10 to 30 mm at the isocentre are reported. The specific quantities measured include: relative output factors, beam profiles (off axis fac- tors), and a central axis attenuation of beams. Measurements of these parameters were performed in a water phantom using small cylindrical ionisation chambers.


Indoor positioning system is a phenomenon which positions an object onto an indoor system in real time. Lots of research is being done since last decade for development of realtime Indoor location systemto provide location information for indoor applications. The paper provides technique of developing an Android Application which communicate with Wi-Fi enabled smart phones and they provide the application with RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) and TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival). Then using these parameters, the range can be determined of which the Smartphone is present from the router. Triangulation is then done by using a mathematical principle called Trilateration. We then using a two dimensional Cartesian Coordinate system, map the position of the smartphone in indoors with their respective plan and provide the user for their desired destinations to go to. After getting the input, the phone then shows the Points of Interest (POI) in the map accordingly to provide the destination that the user requires.


A saturable absorber based on plane (tabular) stabilised silver nanocrystals, which is promising for picoseconds laser systems operating in the range , is studied. This material has a plasmon decay time of about , while its absorption at a pump intensity of decreases by 1.6 %, which is sufficient for using this crystal for passive mode locking.


The aim of this paper is the analysis of the legislative package, proposed by European Commission, called "Fit for 55" with an emphasis on the instruments of combating energy poverty during the climate transformation till 2050. This study examines the main goals and tasks of Social Climate Found and the Social Climate Plans of the EU Member States. The conducted research aims to verify the hypothesis, that the freedom from energy poverty should be classified not only as a part of EU energy strategy but also as a human right within the framework of protection of fundamental rights and freedoms in the European Union.


The morphology, dendritic branching patterns, and dendritic stratification of retinal ganglion cells have been studied in Golgi‐impregnated, whole‐mount preparations of rabbit retina. Among a large number of morphological types identified, two have been found that correspond to the morphology of ON and ON‐OFF directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells identified in other studies. These cells have been characterized in the preceeding paper in terms of their cell body size, dendritic field size, and branching pattern. In this paper, the two kinds of DS ganglion cell are compared in terms of their levels of dendritic stratification. They are compared with each other and also with examples of class III.1 cells, defined in the preceding paper with reference to our previous studies.


The starting point for this article is the argument that there is no way we can accurately predict what the future has in store for us. We can hazard intelligent guesses based on current trends, but we have to recog nise that these are still only guesses which could easily be rendered valueless by, for example, some new tech nological development as yet unknown. It is salutary in this context to remember those prophets of urban doom at the end of the nineteenth century in London who argued that the rapid increase in horse-drawn traffic on the streets of the capital would soon lead to such an accumulation of horse manure as to make those streets unnavigable. The pace of technological innovation and dissemination is now such that it is esti mated that two-thirds of the technology that Europe will have by the year 2000 has not yet been invented . The art of prophecy is, therefore, becoming ever more difficult. As Peter Drucker expressed it in the preface to his book "The Age of Discontinuity": "For the future is, of course, always 'guerrilla country' in which the unsuspected and apparently insignificant derails the massive and seemingly invincible trends of today." (Drucker, 1969, p. vii)


This paper reviews the basic design flow of a silicon integrated Bragg grating (IBG) to achieve an arbitrary microwave photonics (MWP) signal processor. An example of using the design methodology to achieve a multichannel MWP Hilbert transformer (HT) based on a silicon IBG is given. Then, we review the adverse impact of apodization phase noise (APN) on the apodized grating response, and our recently demonstrated performance improvement of a grating-based MWP HT realized by compensating for the APN to correct the grating complex response. Finally, we give an outlook and suggestions for the future work.


From the previous operational experience for the high speed cryogenic tunnel at National Defense Academy (NDA), its original manual control systems were partially modified, and a limited automatic control capability has been added. Though this modification was intended to improve the steady state operation, the control accuracy of both of the steady and transient operations was greatly improved, compared with that of the previous manual controls. The preliminary tunnel calibration tests were intensively performed at both of ambient and cryogenic temperatures, and the results indicate that the NDA cryogenic tunnel satisfied the assigned specifications, and has sufficient potential to perform basic airfoil testings in a cryogenic temperature range.


The lower atmosphere can affect millimeter wave communication system performance by producing large variations in singel level. Several different propagation phenomena are responsible: absorption by oxygen and water vapor, scattering by turbulent fluctuations in the index of refraction, and attenuation by clouds, fog, or rain. Models are available for the calculation of propagation effects on a path when the meteorological conditions are known. This paper reviews the available propagation models for the prediction of link reliability.


Plasmid pFL62.42 contains a 4.2 Kb Bam Hllragment cloned lrom plasmid DNA 01 strain XC62 01 Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcq and is a highly sensitive and specilic hybridization probe lor Xcc. Plasmid pFL1 contains a 562 base pair internal Eco RI Iragment from pFL62.42 and gives slightly more specilic results. Both plasmids detected 44/44 pathotype A strains 01 Xcc originally isolated in 15 countries. Nearly all strains 01 pathotypes Band C were also detected with these probes. Neither probe reacted with strains 01 X. campestris isolated Irom symptomless Citrus nor with 56 strains 01 X. campestris associated with citrus bacterial spot disease (CBS) in Rorida citrus nurseries nor with bacteria lrom other genera. The sensitivity in dot blot assays using chemiluminescent detection was approximately 2-7 ng DNA/spot. Probe pFL 1 specilically detected Asiatic strains 01 Xcc in extracts olleallesions. Nucleotide sequence inlormation Irom pFL1 was used to design primers in order to apply the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) lor the detection 01 X. c. citri. Seven 18 bp oligonudeotide primers were designed and tested with DNA Irom X. c. pv citri and other strains 01 X. campestris associated with Citrus as templates in PCR reactions. Primer pair 2 /3 directed specilic amplilication 01 target DNA 01 pathotype A 01 X. c. pv citri, bU1 not 01 other pathotypes 01 X. c. pv cirri. A buller 01 pH 9.0 which contained 1 % Triton X-100 and 0.1 % gelatin was absolutely required for successful amplification of the GC rich target DNA.


William's revenant stories, far from being oddities, fit well within the Historia rerum Anglicarum and can be read as reformist models of masculine behaviour. They present the reader with negative examples, such as clerics who acted in inappropriate ways and got their rightful punishment, as well as positive examples of men who not only stayed faithful to the precepts of the church but bolstered their masculinity by doing so. Reading the revenant stories within this framework allows us to see how religious men adopted and adapted secular masculine ideals, shows us the value of focusing on the intersection of gender and religious status, reveals the different means through which gendered messages spread, and acts as a reminder that although one group may have been the target of regulations, all men were affected by them.


ABSTRACT The commercial adoption of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton (Bollgard II®) reduced the use of insecticides to control Helicoverpa spp. However, the ineffectiveness of the Bt toxin against sucking pests such as silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) resulted in a marked increase in B. tabaci populations and in the use of insecticides to control this pest. The effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Aspergillus sp. BC 639 on B. tabaci and beneficial insects (predominantly predatory insects) was studied in commercial cotton field trials. The results showed that oil-based extracts of the entomopathogenic fungus BC 639 control the number of B. tabaci adults and nymphs in commercial transgenic cotton crops. The BC 639 fungus caused 60.0%, 67.2%, and 68.8% mortality in adults, and 54.6%, 62.3%, and 51.7% in nymphs at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment, respectively, relative to the unsprayed controls. The effect of BC 639 at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 ml/ha on low-density B. tabaci (∼10 nymphs/leaf) did not differ significantly from that of the commercial insecticide (pyriproxifen). However, at higher densities (>50 nymphs per leaf), low concentrations of BC 639 (125 and 250 ml/ha) were not as effective as 500 ml/ha BC 639 in successfully controlling the pest. A simple graphic analysis suggested that the more B. tabaci nymphs per leaf, the fewer adults per leaf, and that once the number of nymphs increased to ∼70 per leaf, a negative feedback regulatory effect reduced the survivorship of the nymphs and adults and/or caused the emigration of the adults from the contaminated leaves in search of new resources. Therefore, the ability of BC 639 to control B. tabaci adults and nymphs with minimal effects on predatory insects indicates its potential utility in supplementing integrated pest management programmes for cotton crops.


The ethnographic area of Apuseni Mountains has a special importance as regarding the inheritance of the spiritual and material values, of the traditions preserved. Here we can notice a peculiar way of living, determined by the special geographic and social-cultural conditions, namely the so called "satele crânguri" (similar to the dispersed villages). This way of inhabitance is based on family relationships, particular on the way of cohabiting, determined by the difficult living conditions. Between 1995-1998 we have organized there a campaign of field research and of acquisitions of items for the museum. We shall deal in our study with those elements that regard the thatch roof technique. used in the vernacular wooden architecture in the area of Apuseni Mountains.


This is a new textbook, originally published in China and translated into English by Yan Zhou and Hong Liu. It is apparently aimed at students in 'modern vocational education' and focuses on decorative materials for interior and exterior architectural applications. The book contains 17 chapters, including an introduction. It covers basic properties; stone; gypsum-based materials; cement, concrete and mortar; ceramics and glass; metals; wood; plastics; fibre-based products; coatings and adhesives; waterproof, acoustic/thermal insulating materials and energy-saving/ environmentally friendly options. This would seem to be an appropriate list of chapters and the book does not appear to omit any commonly used facing materials.


Methods: A detailed research was carried out on Medline, Web of Sciences, the Cochran Library, Embase, and Scopus databases within January-December 2020. The studies were evaluated regarding the effectiveness of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the safety of complications. A random model with a 95% confidence interval was used for data analysis. To evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies I 2 test was used in this research. The Cochrane risk of bias tool checklist was applied to assess the quality of the study methodology.


Joyous life-cycle events celebrated by American Ashkenazic Jews, especially those belonging to the more liberal denominations, invariably conclude with the singing of the words siman tov u-mazal tov, yehei lanu u-lekhol yisra'eil (May it bring good luck to us and to all Israel). Whether after the long anxious minutes of the berit milah, the struggle of the youngster through the Hebrew text and trope of the haftarah, the calling up of the bridegroom (and the bride as well in most non-Orthodox synagogues) at an aufruf, or the breaking of the glass at a wedding, the spontaneous singing serves as a catharsis to relieve the built-up tensions of the communal ritual event as well as to express an outpouring of joy.


Dense social networks are thought to be a pre-requisite for innovation-led economic growth and, as a result, building socalled "knowledge networks" has become an important goal for some policy-makers. This has certainly been the case among "rust belt" communities where innovation and economic growth historically depended on the activities of very large
industrial companies. The restructuring of those companies in the 1980s focused the attention of policy makers and
regional economic leaders on ways to rebuild regional innovative capacity and much of this attention has been directed toward building up knowledge networks.
Drawing on structured interviews as well as data from a unique longitudinal and network analysis of inter-organizational relationships, this paper presents empirically grounded case studies of two well-matched mature industrial cities that were simultaneously subjected to these forces: Akron, Ohio and Rochester, New York. Until the 1980s, Akron, Ohio was known as the "tire capital of the world." But by 1997, not a single car tire was produced there. Nevertheless, many of the tire companies--or at least parts of them--maintained R&D facilities in the region while shifting their emphasis toward advanced
polymer technologies (the general class of materials which include synthetic rubber, fibers and engineered plastics).
Similarly, Rochester, New York was home to several internationally prominent optics and optical-electronic companies. In the 1980s, these companies moved significant parts of their production process out of the region, and the community has pursued efforts to develop a base of high-tech photonics and opto-electronics firms since.
Despite the similarity of their situations, the policies and practices employed to rebuild knowledge networks differed. In Akron, those efforts were directed toward generating a strong identity among local actors while offering a "window" into technology coming out of the prominent university's labs as a kind of inducement to participation--an approach which I refer to as a "fountain" approach. In Rochester, on the other hand, efforts were directed more toward forging relationships among local actors through a variety of opportunities for collaboration--a "forum" approach. The results indicate that the forum approach has been more effective both in terms of re-building the region's intellectual network as well as in terms of spurring the creation of innovative companies. More generally, the results point to a number of implications for how policy can more effectively help to build "social capital" within communities undergoing acute economic crises.


Correspondence Romain Wacziarg, UCLA Anderson School of Management, 110 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Email: email@example.com Summary We revisit the relationship between ancestral distance and barriers to the diffusion of development by replicating previous results with a new genomic dataset on human microsatellite variation. We find a statistically and economically significant effect of ancestral distance from the technological frontier on income per capita. The historical pattern of the effect is hump shaped, peaking between 1870 and 1913, and declining steeply afterwards. This suggests that ancestral distance acts as a temporary barrier to the diffusion of development. We also find that ancestral distance from the frontier is a barrier to the spread of specific technologies and institutions in modern times.


It is known that the low temperature is the most important factor inducing the pre‐pupal diapause in Trichogramma species. The position of the thermosensitive period over the life cycle and temporal variation of the degree of responsiveness were investigated in T. embryophagum Htg. by transferring pre‐imaginal stages between 'neutral' temperature of 15°C and 'diapause‐inducing' temperature of 10°C. Our experiments showed that 6 days long exposure at 10°C significantly increased the percentage of diapausing pre‐pupae when started during rather large part of development: from embryo up to early pre‐pupa. The highest thermosensitivity was recorded during the embryo and the larval stages, with some decrease during the hatching period. Treatments with shorter cold exposures (2–3 days) gave similar results. Even 24 h long exposure at 10°C increased the percentage of diapausing pre‐pupae when applied during egg or early larval stage. Being started at the same stage of development, longer cold exposures caused stronger increase in the percentage of diapausing individuals. The experiments did not reveal any significant daily changes in thermosensitivity: at 12 : 12 h light : dark, larvae subjected to the low temperature during six photophases showed practically the same percentage of diapausing individuals as those subjected to the low temperature during six scotophases, and as those subjected to the 3 days long uninterrupted cold exposure. Hence, in natural conditions even occasional short‐term cold periods could be accumulated.


Strains of phage Group 2 staphylococci and cell-free fractions isolated from the same strains induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) when injected into neonatal mice. Furthermore, adult mice developed TEN in both hairy and glabrous skin following intracutaneous (but not systemic) administration of cell-free fractions. While normal adult mice did not develop TEN after inoculation of cocci, generalized TEN could be produced in adult mice pretreated with systemically injected corticosteriods for 3 weeks. Mice which had survived injections of cell-free fractions as neonates remained susceptible to intracutaneously administered fractions in adulthood. Regardless of the age of the animal and the cause of TEN (cocci or cell-free filtrates), the pathogenesis appeared identical both hitologically and ultrastructurally, i.e., via intercellular cleavage without evidence of cell necrosis. These studies demonstrate that neither maturation nor hair development, as previously proposed, confer cutaneous resistance to TEN. Instead, an extracutaneous factor(s) probably confers resistance to the normal adult mouse. Since similar factors lead to naturally occurring and experimental staphylococcal TEN in adult humans and adult mice, the adult mouse may prove to be a valuable model for the study of factors resulting in staphylococcal TEN in adult human.


Many schools are reducing the number of credit hours in undergraduate engineering programs so students have a better chance of graduating in four years. However, a majority of engineering educators feel that certain fundamental engineering topics such as materials engineering and statistics should be included in the curriculum. In an effort to minimize the number of credit hours required to graduate yet still cover these two important topics, the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Northern Illinois University is incorporating statistics in the laboratory section of their required materials science course. This match is a natural one because the laboratory projects require data acquisition, reduction, and statistical analysis. Probability paper plots and Rockwell hardness tests are used to introduce the student to the fundamental building block of statistics, the frequency distribution. An often-overlooked graphical statistical technique, the use of probability paper plots, is a potent teaching tool.


Serum and fecal specimens were collected from vaccinees receiving Sabin vaccine. Whey was separated from mother's milk collected from those who received Salk vaccine at their late pregnancy. Each specimen was tested for antibody to poliovirus type 2 (MEF 1) and the antibody-positive specimens were pooled separately with respect to serum, whey and stool extract. From each of three pools, the globulin fraction was precipitated at half saturation of (NH4)2SO4. IgG/IgA ratios of globulin fractions from serum, stool and whey were 12.53, 4.06, and 0.76, respectively, but they showed no distinction in kinetics and in avidity of the neutralizing antibody for the poliovirus. The neutralization by each of the globulin fractions followed the first order reaction. The salting-out globulin fractions were subjected to Geon 72S block electrophoresis and to step-wise elution with phosphate buffers of pH 7.5, 6.4, and 4.7 through a DEAE-cellulose column. The elutes were pooled into Fr. I, Fr. II, and Fr. III at three peaks in optical density at 280mƒÊ. Whey Fr. II showed two peaks, Fr. II-1 and Fr. II-2, and the latter was found by ultracentrifugal analysis to contain 11 S secretory IgA exclusively. Stool Fr. II was proved by immunophoretic and thin-layer chromatographic analyses to contain IgA. The modes of kinetic neutralization of poliovirus type 2 with serum IgG (Fr. I), secretory IgA from whey (Fr. II-2) and stool extract (Fr. II) were very much similar. However, stool Fr. I showed pronounced deviation from linearity. It was confirmed by serological analysis that this fraction was composed of degraded products of the IgA molecule, Fab or the like. In conclusion, the mode of neutralization of poliovirus type 2 was not different between serum IgG and secretory IgA derived from whey and stool extract.


Parameters controlling is a key task during the polishing process with automatic mechanical polishing system, as choosing and controlling the available technical parameter would improve surface quality and achieve smoothly remove surface material. It is necessary to optimize the process parameters for obtaining smooth and uniform polishing surface. In order to realize the control of controllable process parameters, this paper is to study the relationship between surface roughness and parameters of process, such as the normal pressure, circular velocity of the tool and feeding speed by regression analysis method. The polishing of curved surface is complicated and many factor have an effect on the final polishing results. On this basis, it established a surface roughness model for free curved surface. Combined genetic algorithm and surface roughness model, an optimized process parameters model was derived to adapt to the changeable surface of work pieces, and validation experiments are performed on curved surface. The experimental results show that the proposed parameter adjustment strategy is able of achieving a smooth surface and keep good uniformity. It provides a technical basis for removing the material of hub surface smoothly and evenly with robot.


The Automated Multi-Level Substructuring (AMLS) method has been developed to reduce the computational demands of Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) analysis and extend frequency response capabilities to higher frequencies and higher levels of accuracy AMLS automatically divides a large finite element model into thousands of substructures on dozens of levels. and expresses finite element displacements in terms of substructure eigenvectors Transforming a model to the substructure mode basis is much less expensive than obtaining a global eigensolution using conventional methods. After the transformation has been done, obtaining a global eigensolution or global frequency response functions is very inexpensive This paper compares AMLS with the conventional modal frequency response method for NVH analvsis and demonstrates the reductions in CPU time, memory, and I/O that are achieved on a large finite element model of a car body These results indicate that AMLS will enable NVH analysis to be done on massively parallel processor (MPP) systems rather than on the vector supercomputers that are currently used.


The invention discloses a plant fiber-reinforced polylactic acid foam material, which is prepared from the following components: 20 to 95 percent of polylactic acid, 1 to 60 percent of plant fiber powder, 1 to 5 percent of foaming agent, 1 to 5 percent of nucleating agent, 1 to 5 percent of antioxidant and 1 to 5 percent of bulking agent. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the material. The foam material has the advantages of low apparent density, biodegradability, no environmental pollution, capacity of replacing polyolefin foam materials, wide application in the fields of heat insulation, buffer and packaging, simple preparation process and high production efficiency.


In July 1996, the international conference `Narrative and metaphor across the disciplines' was held in Auckland, New Zealand. Participants from 20 countries explored the processes of `storying' and the pervasive use of metaphor throughout the discourses of everyday life. Later the same month, the 7th international symposium in medical geography was held in Portsmouth, England. This was a smaller and less interdisciplinary gathering, yet there were discernible traces of concern with narrative and metaphor within the papers and discussions. In this review, I seek to explore these concerns within emerging health geographies, extending the themes of my previous two reviews which considered `making space for difference' within medical geography, and the (albeit modest) trend towards embracing the `Other' in studies of disease and illness (Kearns, 1995; 1996). I begin by considering narrative, and the strengthening resolve by geographers to be the (co)creators of storied knowledge(s) of health experience. I then examine the nature and uses of metaphor in medical geography. In a third section, I consider some of the ethical and practical challenges of exploring narrative and metaphor. A final section briefly raises some cautionary concerns related to this expression of the `cultural turn' in health geography.


A 4-year-old boy had been living with his mother and siblings for 8 months since their move into a home built in the 1950s. Although the boy was well, his mother noticed that he was eating paint stripped from the walls of their new home and reported her concern to their family physician. On


This paper presents an alternative viewpoint on classroom management. A field study was conducted to investigate classroom management from the perspective of high school students. Findings suggest that students use six strategies to achieve two major goals during classroom events and that the combination of strategies used by students is based on different context features of each classroom. The teacher's clear expression of his or her academic and behavioral expectations to students and provision of a cooperative classroom environment for students to achieve their classroom goals are identified as important features affecting students' views on classroom management.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention relates to method for obtaining gel-containing composite materials, to materials obtained in said way, as well as to their use in certain applications. Disclosed is method for obtaining composite materials, which contain nanofibrillar cellulose gels, by provision of cellulose fibres and at least one filler and/or pigment, combination of cellulose fibres and, at least, one filling agent and/or pigment, fibrillation of cellulose fibres in presence of at least one filler and/or pigment until gel is formed, further provision of at least one additional filler and/or pigment and combination of gel with at least one additional filler and/or pigment. EFFECT: task of invention consists in creation of economically efficient and ecologically permissible composite materials. 17 cl, 2 tbl


A new homework club will be helping young people to learn in West Bromwich, thanks to a town grant from Sandwell Council.


PFC-PID Cascade Transparent Control Stragety is presented to aim at the characteristics of random disturbance and uncertain parameters,srch as the nature frequency,the damping factor and external load disturbance,which is greatly varied with various rocket cannon,bomb load,target position and wouding sea state.The random disturbance is srrpassed in inner-loop with PID control,and the internal loop is the generalized control plant of external PFC loop. Ship motion real time prediction is presented to aim at the PFC arithmetic of cannon stabilization of sight system.Stuies on ship motion real time rediction based on model of autoadapted long auto-regression and redial basis function neural network chip ZISC78 fou the characteristics of different wave conditions,signal of different ship gyro.The fire process simulation results show that the new PFC-PID control method based on real time prediction can meet the tactical target of ship fire system and has brief arithmetic,the ability to suppress disturbance and satisfactory tracking performance.So it is a practical firepower control arthmetic.


Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is likely to play a key part of the global effort to dramatically reduce CO2 emissions and perhaps even reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations through carbon negative operations. A critical part of effort to commercialize and widely deploy this technology is developing the capability to rapidly assimilate real-time monitoring data into a form that will enable site operators to make decisions to manage the safe and efficient operations. Two of the risks associate with GCS are the risk of inducing fractures in the sealing formations that can create leakage pathways and the risk of inducing earthquakes of sufficient magnitude to cause public concern, property damage, or safety risks. To properly manage these risks the site operator needs to know the initial state of stress, the change in stress induced by injection, and the relationship between operational parameters such as injection rate and pressure and the change in stress. Current methods of estimating the change in stress require choosing the type of constitutive model and the model parameters based on core, log, and geophysical data during the characterization phase, with little feedback from operational observations to validate or refine these choices. These characterization methods interrogate the geologic formations using length scales, loading rates or magnitudes that are quite different from those encountered by the actual storage system. It is shown that errors in the assumed constitutive response, even when informed by laboratory tests on core samples, are likely to be common, large, and underestimate the magnitude of stress change caused by injection. Recent advances in borehole-based strain instruments and borehole and surface-based tilt and displacement instruments have now enabled monitoring of the deformation of the storage system throughout its operational lifespan. This data can enable validation and refinement of the knowledge of the geomechanical properties and state of the system, but brings with it a challenge to transform the raw data into actionable knowledge. We demonstrate a method that uses automatic differentiation and a finite-element based geomechanical model perform a gradient-based deterministic inversion of geomechanical monitoring data. This ∗Corresponding author Email address: email@example.com (J. Burghardt) Preprint submitted to Elsevier September 28, 2021 ar X iv :2 10 9. 12 20 3v 1 [ ph ys ic s. ge oph ] 2 4 Se p 20 21


A lack of young muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus ) and arctic hares ( Lepus arcticus ) in the Eureka area of Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories (now Nunavut), Canada, was observed during summer 1998, in contrast to most other years since 1986. Evidence of malnourished muskoxen was also found. Early winter weather and a consequent 50% reduction of the 1997 summer replenishment period appeared to be the most likely cause, giving rise to a new hypothesis about conditions that might cause adverse demographic effects in arctic herbivores. Key words: arctic hare, Lepus arcticus , Ellesmere Island, malnutrition, muskox, Ovibos moschatus , population, reproduction, snow, weather, winter severity


Abstract : Prostate Cancer (PCa) accounts for nearly 30% of all newly diagnosed cancers among American men. Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary factors may be important in the etiology of PCa. The objectives of our research is to determine how nutritional compounds genistein, betasitosterol, and omega-6 fatty acids function as modulators of PCa. In the first year, we are developing the technical tools with which to investigate gene expression patterns that are altered by the 3 dietary compounds. We have upgraded and optimized our microarrayer to allow for more efficient printing. The new microarrayer setup will aid in preparing a custom microarray containing approximately 400 unique cDNAs that are relevant in pathways of apoptosis and androgen receptor among others. In addition, we optimized our protocol for multicolor spectral transcript analysis to accommodate up to 8 colors 50 as to maximize the number of different RNA species that can be detected. To test the improved tools, we have initiated in vitro experiments using PCa cell lines and the three dietary compounds. In addition, the fellow has learned xenograft techniques in the co-mentor's laboratory as well as biostatistical analyses that will be applied towards the in vivo studies for the second year of fellowship.


Since the early work of Laibach (7) abscission has been considered to be controlled by auxin, but comparative effects have been reported for only a few auxins (4, 5, 13) and it is not clear to what extent abscission activity is really related to auxin activity. Moreover, when comparative studies have been made only the inhibitory effects of auxins have been compared (4). The aim of the present study is to conmpare quantitatively the abscission effects of a selection of chemicals having various degrees of auxin activity. Both inhibitory and promotive aspects have been considered in an effort to clarify the extent to which abscission effects are related to auxin effects on growth.


Sampling `theorems' in `wavelet spaces' are very useful for the integration of `wavelet multiresolution' techniques with various time-domain methods for data processing. In this paper, the application potential of `wavelet sampling theorem' will be illustrated through a few examples of dynamical data analysis and filtering. The main results among our recent applications of the wavelet sampling principles for data processing include the `compact- harmonic wavelets' and a new technique for time-frequency analysis. This new analysis technique provides localized wavelet filters with arbitrarily adjustable frequency-resolution, and the exact reconstruction capability. These filter qualities are both useful and essential for the accurate representation of local power-spectra, and segmentation of signals. These results and underlying ideas are also applicable to the fields of imaging and data compression.


ABSTRACT A pressure vibration injection machine with vibration frequency of 0–1.5 Hz and vibration pressure of 0–75 MPa was developed to investigate self-reinforcement of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The effect of vibration frequency and vibration pressure on tensile strength and elongation of HDPE DGDA6098 vibration molding samples, which were obtained at different melt temperatures, was studied, and SEM and WAXD measurements were conducted. Experimental results showed that vibration changed the crystal structure of vibration samples and enhanced their orientation. Instead of spherulites of static samples, crystal structure of vibration samples was lamellae that was orientated along melt flow direction. When vibration frequency was high, lamella size was small and orientation degree was low. When vibration pressure was high, lamella size was large and orientation degree was high. Therefore, vibration samples were self-reinforced with increasing vibration frequency and vibration pressure, where the maximum increment of tensile strength was 41.0 %.


For the future open 5G Internet of Vehicles (IoV), due to the flexibility and load sharing, the popular network architecture of IoV proposed by many studies is the mobile-edge computing (MEC) framework combining with software-defined networking (SDN). However, under this architecture, moving vehicles and MEC devices are not like the cloud SDN with strong security protection. Thus, identity verification is an important security issue. We find that if the identity credentials of vehicles and infrastructures are obtained by adversaries (i.e., identity theft), the current cryptography-based authentication methods cannot cope with this problem. In this article, we propose a behavior-based verification method, named Crowd-Learning, by utilizing the idea of crowd in software-defined vehicular networks with a MEC framework. In Crowd-Learning, we design an incentive mechanism to stimulate some MEC infrastructures to provide accurate and appropriate amount of data for future correct behavior estimation. Without knowing the model of the dynamic environment, this incentive mechanism needs to apply reinforcement learning to let MEC infrastructures learn how to send data based on the current state. Our Crowd-Learning method verifies vehicles and reduces the verification latency by estimating the vehicle's behavior in advance. Meanwhile, it verifies infrastructures during the process of reinforcement learning based on the idea of crowd intelligence. The fake infrastructures and anomalous vehicles expose themselves when learning. In experiments, we use the traffic simulation tool, called simulation of urban mobility (SUMO), to generate extensive vehicle traces and evaluate the performance of the Crowd-Learning verification method. The results show that the Crowd-Learning verification method can ensure high verification accuracy for vehicles and infrastructures with satisfying low verification latency.


Graduation project is an important part of under graduate education.In this paper,some experiences of our group in every stage of graduation project,including selecting subject,retrieving literature,designing experiment,opening report,performing experiment,writing thesis,and oral defense,was discussed,and the teaching pattern in the graduation project of Authentication of Chinese Medicines was explored.The aim of this paper was to improve the quality of graduation project and students' integrative ability,which would lead to a good adaptation for the work in Traditional Chinese Medicine,by exploring the teaching pattern of graduation project and summarizing successful experiences.


In ultrasonic phased array imaging, if the array element spacing is greater than half the wavelength, unwanted artefacts known as grating lobes can become prevalent and obscure signals arising from physical targets. This is problematic as use of dense, periodic arrays can result in large quantities of data and an acquisition time that is too lengthy for some applications. Thus, imaging algorithms which can act on sparsely collected data whilst retaining good image quality are highly desirable. Here we apply, for the first time to our knowledge, Least-Squares Migration (LSM), an imaging methodology originating within the seismology community, to sub-sampled ultrasonic array data, resulting in the attenuation of unwanted grating lobes. It is also shown that LSM can be used to obtain improved lateral resolution compared to that achieved by the Total Focusing Method, the current standard in ultrasonic NDT imaging.


Porous ellipsoid-like Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 composites with a unique micro/nano structure have been successfully fabricated via a facile sol–gel route followed by calcination. The porous ellipsoid-like particles with micro/nano structures are formed through phase-separation induced by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which are constructed using numerous nanocrystals with sizes of about 50–100 nm consisting of lithium titanate, anatase and rutile. The resultant Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 composite shows a superior rate capability and cycling stability in comparison with pure Li4Ti5O12, which delivers a reversible capacity over 92 mA h g−1 at 10C after 100 cycles as well as an acceptable rate capacity of 89 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 30C. The excellent electrochemical performance of the Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 composite is attributed to the unique micro/nano and multiphase structures. The micro/nano structure enhances the structure stability and shortens the diffusion distance for both electron and lithium ions. Moreover, the abundant phase interfaces and grain boundaries store extra lithium ions and guarantee rapid lithium insertion/extraction kinetics.


In Hindi (an Indian language spoken in most parts of Northern and Central India), a choupal is a village gathering place. The e-choupal initiative, whereby a choupal is equipped with a computer and Internet connectivity, is the brainchild of a large agricultural processing company in India, the Indian Tobacco Company (ITC). The initiative was conceived to tackle the challenges posed by certain features of Indian agriculture, such as fragmented farms, a weak infrastructure, and the involvement of numerous intermediaries. Although the primary objective of the project was to bring efficiency to ITC's procurement process, an important byproduct is the increased empowerment of rural farmers where e-choupals have been established. The e-choupal initiative directly links the rural farmers with the company for the procurement of agriculture and aquaculture products, such as soybeans, coffee, and prawns. Traditionally, these commodities were procured by such companies as ITC from mandis, and a long chain of intermediaries was involved in buying the produce from farmers and moving it to the mandis. Through e-choupals, these farmers can directly negotiate the sale of their produce with ITC. The internet access at these centers enable the farmers to obtain information on mandi prices and good farming practices, and to place orders for agricultural inputs, such as seeds and fertilizers. This access to information helps farmers in improving the quality of produce and obtaining better prices. Elected from the village itself, a literate farmer acts as the interface between the illiterate farmers and the computer. The e-choupal model has been effective in the short term. However, because of multiple variables that affect productivity, a long-term assessment of the system's productivity and efficiency levels needs to be undertaken.


We discuss the physical interpretation of the Lagrange multipliers appearing in the information-theoretical description of nonequilibrium steady states characterized by a heat flux or a viscous pressure. Some of the multipliers have a classical counterpart (temperature, pressure, chemical potential, ...) but their equations of state are modified by the fluxes, whereas some others, those which are related to nonequilibrium constraints, do not have an analogous in the equilibrium theory. We give definite results for the Lagrange multipliers, the partition function and the nonequilibrium entropy in some simple simple situations which provide explicit illustrations of their dependence on the fluxes. We end with some comments about the experimental verification of this dependence for the Lagrange multipliers conjugated to the internal energy.


Dr. Morris F. Collen credits his mother with having endowed him with an auspicious birthday: 11–12–13, one that might have put him on a track toward exceptional numeracy. But looking back from the perspective of his ninetieth birthday, that endowment certainly amounted to much, much more. We may be tempted to claim Dr. Collen for us as one of the fathers of medical informatics, but that would diminish his true phenomenal legacy. Dr. Collen is a statesmanlike leader who reshaped modern health care in a fundamental way. He is a world-class scientist, an advisor to American presidents, and a profound humanist, who started out as an exemplary clinician. Dr. Collen's qualities put him from the start in the midst of an environment rife with innovation and opportunity, and marked by other giants.

He started out as a clinician in 1942 when he was selected by Dr. Sidney Garfield, a surgeon, to join him as an internist in his group practice—right after Dr. Collen had completed his residency in internal medicine at Los Angeles County Hospital. Since the thirties, Dr. Garfield had provided health care to large concentrations of industrial workers at remote work sites, including the Colorado River Aqueduct, a project providing water to Los Angeles, and the Hoover Dam on the Columbia River between Washington and Oregon. For this, Garfield had established a then-novel group practice, as well as an even more revolutionary prepayment health plan. This was provided mainly for workers in the employment of Henry J. Kaiser, a prominent industrialist and touted as the father of modern shipbuilding. Henry Kaiser built over 1,500 cargo ships, know as "Liberty Ships" during World War II, created scores of companies involved in public works, such as the construction of dams, tunnels, and roads, and left his mark on the automobile …


Selinexor, the first in class for selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for relapsed/refractory myeloma on 3 July, 2019 to be used in combination with dexamethasone for multiple myeloma patients who received at least four prior therapies and are refractory to at least two proteasome inhibitors (PI), at least two immunomodulatory agents and an antiCD38 monoclonal antibody. In the pivotal STORM trial, a total of 122 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who were refractory to above agents (triple-class refractory) were treated with selinexor 80 mg orally in combination with dexamethasone 20 mg on days 1 and 3 of each week in part 2 of the single-arm, open-label study [1,2]. The overall response rate (ORR) was 26% (95% confidence interval (CI): 19–35%) including two patients with stringent complete response. The median duration of response was 4.4 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 8.6 months. These data led to the approval of selinexor and gave one more treatment option for triple-class refractory multiple myeloma patients who have limited treatment options. While these results confirm the biologic activity of selinexor for patients with advanced myeloma, the modest response rate coupled with the reported toxicity profile raises concerns about the potential role of SINEs in myeloma. In this commentary, we elaborate on the typical toxicities associated with selinexor, their management strategies, and we discuss intriguing mechanisms of actions on SINE compounds which could lead to further rational drug combinations.


Cellular phone or the so-called cell phone is now the primary means of communication for most people. Moreover, the phone has the facility of short messages service (SMS), which has cheaper rate than voice communication via cell phone. But unfortunately the default SMS facility from most cell phones still do not have adequate safety features, it is because messages are sent and received in the form of plaintext which can be easily read by anyone. Therefore in this thesis are discussed about the design of an application program that aims to encrypt and decrypt messages using the Vigenere algorithm. The end result of this thesis is an application program for mobile phones. These applications can run on phones minimal Android version 2.2 (froyo). This application will generate a random message which difficult to translate without the appropriate key.


Mounting evidence underscoring serious maternal complications such as hemorrhage, emergent hysterectomy, thromboembolic disease and even death from multiple cesarean deliveries has refocused attention upon trial of labor after cesarean birth.  Research over the last thirty years has provided insight into some of the clinical and demographic factors associated with uterine rupture and successful trial of labor after cesarean delivery. Clinical application of these strategies has the potential to mitigate the dilemma for physicians in the trenches caused by fear of uterine rupture during a trial of labor after cesarean.  Individual risk stratification of candidates that optimizes success and minimizes uterine rupture during a trial of labor after cesarean shows promise for implementation of best practices leading to favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes.
This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables, and 97 references.
Key Words: Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), Trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC), uterine rupture, uterine scar, lower uterine segment, repeat cesarean, placenta accreta, uterine dehiscence


Shattered Symmetry is a well-done textbook suitable for science students interested in learning the power and beauty of group theory and its applications, where the theoretical concepts are gradually introduced (and calculations are worked out fully in appropriate appendices), with special reference to their use as classification tools and graphical representations. It is, nevertheless, very useful also to experienced researchers looking for a comprehensive overview of the subject, till its latest applications, which, according to the authors, will 'open the gate to new challenges'.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing molten iron and molten iron manufacturing method using the direct use of coal in a wide particle size distribution. For this purpose] The method of the present invention to form a coal packed bed of coal is charged into the coal packed bed preliminary reducing the reduced iron as a method for producing molten iron, the first coal group to the primary particle size sorting by particle size 8mm or less step of preparing pulverized coal, the mean reflectance (Rm) of 0.8 or more comprising the steps of: preparing a mixed carbon in combination of two coal group to pulverized coal, drying the mixed carbon and selected secondary particle size and dried to a particle size sorting the mixed carbon on molasses and mixing adding the selected binder in the curing agent, the addition of a binder to prepare a seonghyeongtan by molding the mixed carbon mixture, the primary particle size reduced iron at the same time of forming the coal packed bed to goetan and seonghyeongtan of a selected particle size of 8mm excess the contents by the blowing of oxygen in steps, and a coal packed bed, which incorporated into the coal packed bed and combustion of the coal packed intralayer coal, melting the reduced iron in the heat of combustion And a step of preparing a molten iron over. Through this invention it can be prepared in good quality molten iron.


The fundamental objective of the graphite temperature limit is to prevent excessive oxidation of the graphite moderator blocks with carbon dioxide and water vapor in the reactor atmosphere. Laboratory tests have shown that 10 percent uniform oxidation of graphite results in a loss in strength of approximately 50 per cent. This value of a strength loss of 50 percent has been arbitrarily established as the limit to graphite oxidation over the lifetime of the reactor stack. This limit has been further arbitrarily interpreted as an oxidation rate of not more than two percent per thousand days of reactor operation. At this rate limit, the reactor stack could be operated for 15--20 years before the graphite strength was reduced 50 percent. As with any chemical reaction, the rate of reaction of graphite with oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor increases with increasing temperature. The graphite temperature limits presently in effect at the smaller reactors were therefore primarily established to hold the reaction rate between graphite and carbon dioxide at two percent per thousand operating days and were based on laboratory and in-reactor experiments which are presently believed to have been partially contaminated with oxygen from air leakages. It is therefore themore » objective of the production test detailed in this report to investigate the effects of higher graphite temperatures on the stack oxidation rate. Specifically, this production test authorizes an increase in the graphite temperature limit of 50 C at F Reactor. Should the graphite oxidation rates obtained during this test warrant additional testing at even higher temperatures, such tests will be authorized by supplements to this production test.« less


An in situ study of structure formation in amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) during uniaxial stretching at a temperature 30 °C above glass transition temperature was carried out using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Three major deformation-induced structure transitions were confirmed. (1) At small strains, the applied load increased initially but leveled off afterward. Sporadic isotropic crystallization without preferred orientation was observed by WAXD, where no hierarchical structure was seen by SAXS. (2) At intermediate strains, strain hardening took place. Although WAXD showed persistent progression of isotropic crystallization, SAXS indicated formation of a layered structure as well as a fibrillar domain in large scale. This behavior is not consistent with the mechanisms for shish-kebab or spinodal-assisted structure formation. Instead, it can be explained by flow-induced demixing of crystal and amorphous phases through la...


♦ [Sheridan DC, etal. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012;28:1293-1296][1].

A subanesthetic dose of propofol was safe and more effective than standard therapy at stopping migraine headache among pediatric emergency department patients, according to a small case-control study.

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This thesis is a study of aspects of corporate culture that are generally ignored by the researchers. It considers issues like the effect of culture in ethical decision making, ethics in the market ...


Background: Health Operational Cost (Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan/BOK) is government aids for local government to accelerating achievement of national priority programs, especially health aspect in Millennium Development Goal's (MDG), through improvement performances of Public Health Centers (PHC) and the networks.
Funding of Health Operational Cost to support PHC on providing promotive and preventive programs to community due to PHC services in district are likely to be directed on curative measures.
Funding allocation of Health Operational Cost has been decreasing in Bima from IDR.1.412.500.000 on 2014 became IDR.521.464.000 on 2015. Therefore, evaluation of program implemetation by funding of Health Operational Cost on 2015 in Bima are needed to be examined.
Objective: To find out the achievement implemetation of Health Operational Cost program in Public Health Center under District Health Office in Bima at 2015.
Methods: The study design was qualitative and quantitative using descriptive case study. Tehnique of sample selection by using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted by descriptive qualitative.
Results: Decreasing allocation funding of Health Operational Cost affected to planning and implementation of program, while Health Operational Cost became main sources of fund to external program in PHC due to lack of financial support from Regional government budget. Health Operational Cost have not been able to support achievement of Minimas Services Standar in Bima. Many head of PHC still less understanding to technical guide of Health Operational Cost so affected on decision-making of program and lack of monitoring and evaluation by District Health Department.
Conclusion: The implementation of BOK program in Bima City is not the best enough especially in supporting SPM target in 2015.


Chloroplastic D N A in Euglena gracilis is selfreplicating (7), and presumably contains information directing reproduction and differentiation of the chloroplast. Mechanisms governing control of chloroplastic D N A replication in Euglena and the role of the nucleus in these events are unknown. Knowledge of the time course of D N A synthesis in the chloroplasts of Euglena, when compared with that of the nucleus, could suggest whether or not common mechanisms control both events. A synchronous S period for chloroplasts and nucleus could be more economical to the cell in the production of enzymes necessary for D N A replication. However, ultraviolet inactivation of chloroplast development in synchronized Euglena suggested that this cytoplasmic D N A may be replicated early in the life of the cell, at a time different from that of nuclear D N A (3). Synthesis of total cellular D N A cannot be used to differentiate between these S periods, since the chloroplasts contain only about 3% of the total cellular D N A in Euglena (5), a difference not detectable by ordinary chemical techniques. Study of the time course of chloroplastic D N A synthesis in Euglena has been pursued further by University of Maine, Orono


Summary points The presence of lower urinary tract symptoms does not indicate bladder outlet obstruction Size of the prostate does not correlate with bladder outlet obstruction: small prostates may cause severe obstruction Bothersomeness and effect on quality of life are the preferred indicators for treatment Conservative treatment is justified by the long clinical course of the conditions Drugs are of some help and are becoming safer Transurethral resection of the prostate is the only procedure known to give good long term results New alternatives to transurethral resection of the prostate should only be used within the context of randomised controlled trials at present


Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring and $E$ the minimal injective cogenerator of the category of $R$-modules. An $R$-module $M$ is (Matlis) reflexive if the natural evaluation map $M \to \operatorname{Hom}_R(\operatorname{Hom}_R(M,E),E)$ is an isomorphism. We prove that if $S$ is a multiplicatively closed subset of $R$ and $M$ is a reflexive $R$-module, then $M$ is a reflexive $R_S$-module. The converse holds when $S$ is the complement of the union of finitely many minimal primes of $R$, but fails in general.


In this study,we assessed the role of melanocortin 1 receptor(MC1R)variants and of two patched(PTCH)polymorphisms(c.3944C T(P1315L),insertion 18 bp IVS1-83)as risk factors for basal cell carcinoma(BCC)in the French population.The population investigated comprised 126 BCC patients who were enrolled on the basis of specific criteria(multiple and/or familial BCC and/or onset before the age of 40 years and/or association with another tumor)-and 151 controls matched for ethnicity,age,and sex.MC1R variants appeared as a moderate risk factor for BCC(odds ratio(OR)for one and two variants,2.17 [1.28-3.68] and 7.72 [3.42-17.38],respectively),independently of pigmentation characteristics(OR=2.53 [1.34-4.8]).Interestingly,in addition to the predictable red hair color(RHC)alleles,two non-RHCalleles(V60L and V92M)were also closely associated with BCC risk(OR 3.21 [1.91-5.38] and 2.87 [1.5-5.48],respectively),which differs from the situation in the Celtic population.In addition,the PTCH c.3944C/C genotype was also associated with BCC risk(OR 1.94 [1.2-3.1]),especially in the subgroup of patients with multiple tumors(OR 2.16 [1.3-3.6]).Thus,our data show that MC1R and PTCH variants are associated with BCC risk in the French population.We further suggest that assessing MC1R and PTCH status could be useful,combined with the assessment of clinical risk factors,in identifying high-risk patients to be targeted for prevention or morerigorous surveillance.


Green marketing is the process of developing products those are recyclable, reusable and biodegradable. To satisfy the customers who prefer products of superior class and convenience at reasonable price, which at the same time do not have a harmful impact on the natural environment and society as well. Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed particular importance in the modern marketing era and has emerged as an important concept in India as in other parts of the developing and developed Countries. Green Marketing is seen as an important strategy of facilitating sustainable development in competitive era. This paper is mainly considers the impact of green marketing on consumer behaviour and advantages of green marketing, challenges of green marketing and scope of green marketing in Indian changing scenario. This paper reviewed from different journals, books, reports and websites which are most important source of knowledge has been taken into consideration. The paper covers wide collection of academic literature on green marketing.


The fluid replacement during the sporting practice is fundamental for a good performance. The aims of this study were: identify the dehydration induced by the judo training with duration of 60 minutes and if the consumption of liquids ad libitum is enough to avoid this dehydration. Participated of this study 15 male judokas (medium age 22.07 ± 2.05 years and body weight 78.35 ± 8.89kg). The athletes were appraised in six trainings accomplished in alternate days. In the first 3 trainings the judokas were not hydrated. And, in the other trainings they were supplied with water and carbohydrate solution to hydrate ad libitum. According the results, a session of judo training with 60 minutes of duration imposes the athlete's loss of weight close to 2% (approximately 1.5kg for the sample). The athletes, even with reposition themselves finished the trainings with superior dehydration to 1%. It is concluded that a training of judo of 1 hour of duration, imposes a hydric loss of 2% of body weight and that the hydration model adopted (ad libitum) was not enough to maintain the homeostasis of the judokas, it is recommended to adopt regular intervals of hydration.


105 Boğma raki drinkers living in Kayışlı, Karayusuflu and Hadırlı Villages were undertaken to study for harmfull effects of alcohol on their cardiovascular system.  Prevalence of hypertansion was 22.8 % in Boğma raki consumers. The highest prevalance was at 35- 54 age group (25.4%). Electrocardiographic changes such as PR and QTc prolangation left ventricular voltage criteria, premature ectopic beats, and T wave abnormalities were higher in alcoholic group than non-alcoholic group There was no significant difference between hypertensive and non hypertensive alcoholics when considered as plasma magnesium levels (p>0.05). These results confirm that Boğma rakı has mu/tiple effects on cardiovascular system.