This paper reconstructs Ruskin's work from the perspective of the landscape, building upon the assumption that Modern Painters played a cardinal role in the emancipation of the genre. This reconstruction is complicated by the internal contradictions within the work: it cannot be regarded as a systematic work of philosophy, but belongs rather to the genre of sage writing. In volume I, Ruskin approached the landscape not from an aesthetic point of view, but from the direction of scientific truth. The aesthetic consequence of this was his anti-mimetic attitude, which differentiated between the imitation of nature and the uncovering of the truths of nature, and in this respect, he considered Turner the greatest master who had ever lived. Truth takes precedence over all aesthetic considerations, and for this reason Ruskin was resolutely against artistic tradition. Seen from his perspective, the history of landscape painting appeared as a series of scientific illustrations, which, with the forward march of science, came ever closer to truth-to-nature. The other two essential conditions of art, the other side of truth, were its moral and religious messages. Beauty is the work of God, and God must be praised in His work, in Nature. Only later did Ruskin introduce a historical dimension to the experience of the landscape. The modern era is characterised by the rise of the pre-eminent interest in the landscape, accompanied by a parallel decreasing interest in gods, saints, ancestors and humans. This later became the main motif of Ruskin's activities as a social critic and reformer. In relation to the loss of faith and the prospect of regaining it, Ruskin saw landscape painting as the representative art of the modern era. In the later volumes of Modern Painters, Ruskin carefully distinguished between the task of science, which is to investigate the essence and uncover the truths of material nature, and the task of art, which is to explore the possible viewpoints or aspects of material nature. In volume V of Modern Painters he firmly asserted – in diametric contradiction to his earlier views – that the greatness and truth of Turner did not rest on scientific truth, for in this respect the artist was completely ignorant. This paper interprets and evaluates Ruskin's extraordinarily harsh criticism of Claude Lorrain, which contrasts with the fact that Turner spent almost his entire life idolising and attempting to rival Claude.


Background & Objective: Vitiligo is a common idiopathic & hereditary disease characterized by one or more patches of de-pigmented skin due to degeneration or disappearance of cutaneous melanocytes. Variations in dermatoglyphic pattern are noted in many genetic & hereditary disorders. Altered dermatoglyphics pattern is well established as a diagnostic aid in such disorders. Early diagnosis is also possible. Therefore this Study was conducted to analyse dermatoglyphic patterns in Vitiligo cases & their deviations from normal individuals & to find out any existence of specific dermatoglyphic pattern in Vitiligo cases. Method: Study conducted across 100 Vitiligo cases and 100 normal individuals. Finger tips and palmar prints were studied. Result: Finger tips pattern of Vitiligo males showed increased loop patterns on 2 nd , 3 rd & 4 th finger tips of both hands. There is an overall highly significant diminution in whorl pattern in hands of males. Arch pattern is shown in all finger tips of female cases exceedingly .The main line formula evidenced in Vitiligo cases is 7 6 5' & while as reference sample 11 9 7 in both sexes. Distal displacement of axial triradius is increased significantly in left hands of female cases. ATD angle is reduced significantly in male vitiligo cases. Classical distribution formula for palmar pattern frequency is altered as the pattern frequency is increased in hypothenar & ID2 of right hands of vitiligo males while as hypothenar & ID1 in right hands of vitiligo females. Conclusion: Deviations in dermatoglyphic pattern might be a marker for individual diagnosis of vitiligo & a simple & inexpensive means to determine the disease which have hereditary background & can be employed as a method for screening Vitiligo.


Within the broad topic of implementation, an area that has attracted much attention worldwide is the question of which institutions should be subject to the new prudential standards. Or, to put the question differently, what scope do we have to tailor the requirements to a specific subset of institutions that lie outside the perimeter where the Basel standards normally apply. This issue is often referred to as the application of proportionality to banking regulation.


We present our first step toward digital imaging ellipsometry. The microscope objective and an object is located between a polarizer and an analyzer. We rotate the pair of polarizer and analyzer synchronously keeping the angle between them at right angles. At each rotation angle, the microscope image is sampled and stored successively in a frame memory of an image processor. Simple processing on these images provided us a 2-D distribution of retardations and a 2-D map of the directions of principal axes. Polarization-independent brightness variations were successfully removed by preprocessing.


As a result of the development of computer and geography information technology, research to find objective determination factors of hydrologic-topographical parameters and present a rainfall-runoff model and a result of hydraulic model in three dimensions by combining hydrology and GIS (Geographic Information System) has been proceeded recently. Flooding has happened often because of the incapability of interior drainage due to the rise of water level caused by intensive and exceptional rainfall. This study proposes an efficient inundation analysis and management method by constructing an urban river management system (RMS) using three-dimensional Virtual GIS. Finally, by building an inundation analysis system, we were able to carry out an inundation analysis of expected rainfall and we could calculate the size and volume of the inundated area and investigate inundated buildings. Therefore we expect that it will raise the level of efficiency in evaluating flood damage.


During the apartheid years in South Africa, traditional African cultures were mostly hidden from the public, except for museum displays and governmentally supervised presentations. Since the abolition of apartheid, the "cultural village" as a display of "authentic" tribal life has become increasingly popular. This essay examines the progressive commodification of culture now occurring in these representations and analyzes their popularity among foreign and South African tourists.


Abstract This study focuses on the spatial analysis of 605 historical objects with historical defensive function in Slovakia in terms of their occurrence at different elevations, distances from river, elevation differences from river, types of representative geoecosystems (REPGES), lithological types, and distances from the centre of the nearest settlement. The spatial differentiation of the occurrence of historical objects with defensive functions (HODFs) was analysed using the local Moran's coefficient of spatial autocorrelation. Similar spatial distribution of clusters with positive spatial autocorrelation between the elevation of HODFs, their lithology, and occurrence in the REPGES type was found. As a result, elevation, REPGES type, and lithology were proved to be important attributes of spatial pattern of HODFs. On the contrary, the clusters of positive spatial autocorrelation in case of the distance and elevation difference from the river and distance from the centre of the nearest settlement did not spatially correlate with each other.


The molecular response mechanisms and signaling pathways activated upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation have been extensively studied within the last two decades (for a review see Brenneisen et al, 2002; Bode and Dong, 2003). Although many signaling pathways can be activated by both UVA as well as UVB, there are several distinctions indicating wavelength-specific response patterns accommodated by the terms UVA response and UVB response. The role of three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in these responses, central regulators of multiple cellular functions, has been studied extensively: (i) the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, activated primarily by growth factors upon binding to tyrosine kinase receptors as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), (ii) the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and (iii) p38 pathways also termed stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK), predominantly induced by inflammatory cytokines and environmental stressors such as ROS, heat, and osmotic shock. Activation of MAPK signaling pathways upon exposure to UV radiation has been demonstrated in a number of different cell lines and in human skin in vivo (Bode and Dong, 2003). Given that human skin is primarily exposed to UV light from solar radiation consisting of both UVA and UVB, we sought to explore a potential interaction between the distinct UVA and UVB responses at the level of MAPK. First, we determined the MAPK activation pattern elicited by either UVA or UVB radiation alone in cultured primary human keratinocytes (Fig 1A and B). Irradiation of keratinocytes with UVA (30 J per cm) resulted in a modest and transient activation of ERK1/2 15–30 min after UVA exposure, whereas UVB irradiation (100 J per m) resulted in a strong and immediate ERK1/2 phosphorylation that sustained up to 60 min after irradiation. Only a minor activation of the stress-activated protein kinases, p38 and JNK1/ 2, was detected after both UVA and UVB irradiation. The irradiation doses chosen in these experiments were previously found to be optimal in triggering UV signaling responses in human keratinocytes without induction of apoptosis and necrosis (Krutmann and Grewe, 1995; Grether-Beck et al, 2000). We next asked whether any crosstalk may occur between the activated signaling pathways involved in the UVAor UVB-induced stress response. To determine whether such an interaction exists, we exposed human epidermal keratinocytes sequentially to UVA and UVB radiation. Cells were irradiated with UVA followed by immediate exposure to UVB. The UVB-induced MAPK activation pattern after preirradiation with UVA differed notably from that induced by UVB alone (Fig 1C). The strong phosphorylation of ERK1/ 2 was prevented, whereas p38 and JNK phosphorylation were enhanced by UVA preirradiation. Sequential exposure to UVA followed by UVB led to an attenuation of ERK phosphorylation falling significantly below that in UVB-irradiated cells 30–60 min after irradiation. On the other hand, phosphorylation of p38 and JNK was increased markedly 30–60 min after UV exposure (Fig 1C). To further understand this signaling crosstalk between UVAand UVB-induced MAPK activation, the sequence of irradiation was changed, i.e. UVB irradiation was followed by UVA exposure (Fig 1D). Interestingly, reversing the sequence of irradiation produced changes similar to the UVA/UVB-induced MAPK activation pattern: ERK phosphorylation was significantly reduced 45– 60 min after exposure, but phosphorylation of p38 and JNK1/2 was enhanced. Thus, the observed crosstalk pattern of MAPK activation by irradiation with UVA and UVB seems to be independent of the sequence of irradiation. These results lend support to the initial hypothesis that the two distinct stress responses elicited by UVA or UVB interact with each other, producing a ''third'' response that is different from either alone and cannot be explained by a simple addition of effects. Regarding the UVA-induced attenuation of ERK signaling, these results are consistent with previously published studies. We and others have demonstrated that O2 or UVA radiation interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Binding of EGF to and subsequent activation of the EGFR, ERK1/2, and transcription factors such as Activator Protein-1, nuclear factor k B, and STAT1 is impaired upon irradiation with UVA (Maziere et al, 2003). He et al (2003) described a UVA-induced downregulation of the EGFR. In addition, singlet oxygen has been shown to induce a loss of EGFR and attenuation of basal and EGFor PDGF-induced activation of growth factor signaling pathways (Zhuang et al, 2003; Schieke et al, 2004). Taken together, these results show that UVA/singlet oxygen generally interfere with growth factor signaling cascades, e.g. EGFR/ERK1/2, activation of which is also part of the keratinocyte stress response to UVB radiation (Peus et al, 1999). Abbreviations: ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, cJun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; UV, ultraviolet


Topological insulators are relatively recently discovered phases of quantum matter which have exotic electronic properties that have attracted an enormous amount of theoretical and experimental interest in the field of condensed matter physics. They are characterized by being electronically insulating in the bulk, while hosting topologically protected surface or edge states, where the electrons behave like massless particles. The presence of a topological insulator phase is encoded in a topological invariant taking values in Z2, referred to as the Z2-index. We compute the Z2-index of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) using two different methods. Subsequently, the presence of surface states in Bi2Se3 is investigated using the method of surface Green's functions. The results confirm that this material is a topological insulator. The relation between the Z2-index and the existence of surface states is described by a result called the bulk-boundary correspondence, and a proof of this result is reviewed


The governmental management has been understood as a phenomenon of authority in the past,the relation is one of rule and obeys between government and people.After entering the contemporary society the consciousness of which public participates in government and political affairs is strengthened unceasingly,the social position of public opinion is strengthened in the decision of government,a citizen's society is forming gradually because the social environment and media environment occurred a important change.Modern medium is a perfect carrier that combines advanced technique and enrich information,it is an important bridge and tie of which people and government communicate information.Only raising media literacy government officials get the initiative of leading public opinion by media,realize the effective collude between government and public,improve the ability in power of party and government.


A roundabout or traffic circle equipped with leg-by-leg traffic control should not be regarded as a robust solution, because of the accumulation of unnecessary waiting time. Two-phase control is a better alternative. Therefore the design should be adjusted by enlarging and changing the shape of a roundabout. This study considers a signalized traffic circle of a moderate size, with a diameter of 105 m. It will have radially connecting approach legs –to reduce the entry speed– and the departure legs that exit the roundabout tangentially, to create space for queuing left-turn vehicles. The resulting shape is called a Turbo Circle. To tailor a traffic circle expressly to the application of two-phase controlled traffic lights, left-turn and through going directions should be separated. In the design of the Turbo Circle, mountable, elevated guide islands are recommended to avoid cut-off turns. An analytical model has been developed to compare the cycle lengths of a Turbo Circle and a four-leg crossroads, with the same number of lanes, i.e. two per direction. From this it may be concluded that a Turbo Circle with a diameter of 105 m proves its usefulness in situations with high traffic volumes. Above 6,000 pcu/h, the cycle length of a Turbo Circle tends to be less than half that of a four-leg crossroads, resulting in substantially less delay. The total capacity will thus also be higher, provided that opposing left turn volumes are not more than 130% to 160% of the through-going volumes from the same legs.


Based on the preliminary study results from 1998 to 2002, the pototaxis actions of the moth of cotton bollworm were reported in this paper. The results indicated that the moths of this pest have determinate tropism to trapping light, and the amount of the trapped moth was 45.0%~63.3% in total. The moths would choose the specifical light when there were some different trapping lights, so the highefficiency would be developed. As the transformation state was different, the moth would be trapped or not. 


We review some recent results on eigenvalues of fractional Laplacians and fractional Schr\"odinger operators. We discuss, in particular, Lieb-Thirring inequalities and their generalizations, as well as semi-classical asymptotics.


page 5 ABREVIATIONS 6 PUBLICATIONS AND MANUSCRIPTS 8 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 The ubiquitinproteasome system (UPS) 9 1.2 The Epstein-Barr virus 11 1.3 The Burkitt's lymphoma 12 1.4 The c-myc proto-oncogene 13 1.5 Tripeptidyl peptidase II 15 2. THE CELL CYCLE 17 2.1 The cell cycle phases 17 2.2 Regulation of the cell cycle 17 2.2.1 Cdks and cyclins 17 2.2.2 The UPS in cell cycle regulation 19 2.3 Cell cycle checkpoints 20 2.3.1 The spindle assembly checkpoint 21 2.3.2 The mitotic catastrophe 22 3. APOPTOSIS 23 3.1 General apoptotic pathways 23 3.2 The caspases 23 3.3 The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis 23 3.3.1 The Bcl-2 family 24 3.4 The inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) 24 3.5 Apoptosis and cancer 25 4. THE CENTROSOME 26 4.1 The centrosome structure and function 26 4.2 The centrosome cycle 27 4.3 Centrosome defects and genetic instability 29 5. THE GOLGI APPARATUS 30 5.1 The Golgi structure and function 30 5.2 The Golgi apparatus and cell cycle 31 5.3 The Golgi interactions with the cytoskeleton 32 6. AIMS OF THE THESIS 33 7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 34 7.1 Paper I 34 7.2 Paper II 36 7.3 Paper III 38 8. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 42 9. CONCLUDING REMARKS 42 10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 43 REFERENCES 44


Intrusion-detection systems (IDS) aim at detecting attacks against computer systems and networks or, in general, against information systems. Its basic aim is to protect the system against malwares and unauthorized access of a network or a system. Intrusion Detection is of two types Network-IDS and Host BasedIDS. This paper covers the scope of both the types and their result analysis along with their comparison as stated. OSSEC (HIDS) is a free, open source host-base intrusion detection system. It performs log analysis, integrity checking, Windows registry monitoring, rootkit detection, time-based alerting and active response. While Snort (NIDS) is a lightweight intrusion detection system that can log packets coming across your network and can alert the user regarding any attack. Both are efficient in their own distinct fields.


We evaluate experimentally the effect of carbonate saturation state at the sediment‐water interface (SWI) on survivorship of various size classes of the juvenile bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria. Populations of 0.2‐mm, 0.3‐mm, 1‐mm, and 2‐mm M. mercenaria were introduced to sediments realistically undersaturated (experimental, saturation state with respect to aragonite = Ώaragonite = IMP/K′sp = ~0.3) and saturated (control, Ώaragonite = ~1.5) with respect to aragonite in order to evaluate the impact of saturation state and dissolution on survivorship. Linear regression analysis was used to examine mortality within each treatment over time and show significant mortality for each size class in experimental‐undersaturated treatments only (P < 0.05). Mortality rates in experimental undersaturated sediments were ‐11.8, ‐4.8, ‐1.9, and ‐1.1% d−1 for the 0.2‐, 0.3‐, 1.0‐, and 2.0‐mm bivalves, respectively. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine differences in mortality between treatments over time and show significantly different mortality rates for the 0.2‐, 0.3‐, and 1‐mm individuals (P < 0.05). Dissolution may represent a previously unrecognized yet significant source of mortality for "just‐set" juvenile bivalves, particularly the very small individuals that have been largely ignored in recruitment studies to date. Dissolution‐induced mortality may help explain the exponential losses of juvenile bivalves following their transition from the pelagic larval phase to the benthic juvenile phase.


Sometime between 2 and 3 years of age, children begin to use mental terms, for example, think, in their speech. A series of naturalistic studies and experiments sought to determine if young children are using mental terms to refer to the mental world, that is, are they making explicit reference to beliefs, ideas, thoughts, and intentions? Naturalistic observations revealed that the first uses of mental terms are for conversational functions and this use begins in the last half of the third year. Experimental investigations confirmed that children between the ages of 3 and 5 correctly distinguish real and mental items and correctly judged that they could think and dream of nonexistent, not‐real things. These findings, that mental terms are used by children for distinct, explicit mental reference almost as soon as the terms are used, suggest that theories of semantic and conceptual development which portray early development as perceptual, concrete, sensory, and external need to be re‐examined.


— The objective and quantitative assessment of the skin is important in medical and cosmeceutical research. Assessment of color is an important element for analyzing the surface of the skin, which is usually determined subjectively by a doctor or using color analysis devices. These devices however cannot provide correct color information because color is construed from the mean value of the observation region, and analysis of color distribution is impossible. The purpose of this project is to develop an objective analysis method to permit skin parameters of each pixel. The project is focused on methods of skin analysis based on various algorithms which determine the color of skin. The tests are based on skin pixels on a combination of hue, saturation, intensity and RGB values of individual pixels. The detection of various skin parameters includes the detection of skin tone along with the percent improvement before and after the treatment. MATLAB software was used for programming and processing. Processed output was displayed on the monitor.


Indonesia is the country which has the most COVID-19 cases in South East Asia. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing serious psychological, social, and economic impacts particularly on the sub-urban society. This study aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sub-urban society in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study used a hermeneutics phenomenological approach. that enrolled seven participants who reside in the sub-urban area of Yogyakarta province in June 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants through Whatsapp mobile application and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological methods. Results showed that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be summarized into three themes. First, the impacts include negative emotions that arise due to psychosomatic symptoms, fear of losing loved ones, stereotypes and anxiety concerning contracting COVID-19 infection; Second, limited social interaction in the community and strict travel restrictions; and third, job and income losses including layoffs from work and fear of not being able to meet family basic needs. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing several serious impacts involving psychological, social, and economic concerns that are disrupting the sub-urban society. Individual coping and family support are needed in the current situation.


The avoidance response of the jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus to a strobe light barrier was investigated in the laboratory, by electrocardiogram measurement. The avoidance response varied with the strobe flash frequency (1.7-430 Hz) and strobe light intensity. Avoidance was greatest at flash frequencies of 5 and 10 Hz and clearly decreased as the strobe light intensity (15 Ix•s) was reduced. Heart rate increased when the fish stayed in the dark section of the tank or approached the barrier, but decreased when fish avoided or passed through the barrier or strobe light. Therefore, heart rate change can be used as an index of fish response to the effect of strobe light stimuli.


Terascale physics is driving the demand for innovative pulsed power modulators having greater compactness and better manufacturability with increasingly superior performance. A particularly promising route for such modulators is Marx-architecture based. Moreover, there is opportunity for improvement and gain of greater benefits through further development of topology and architecture, gate driver method, and control schemes. Prior work discussed a new concept of droop correction, which was the result of topology hybridisation using a nesting approach, and illustrated its great potential. This is further investigated here. This paper details various design aspects of a hybrid Marx cell Power Electronic Building Block (PEBB) and includes specifics about estimated losses and efficiency, thermal management issues, protection strategies, gate driver development, and control implementation. In addition, figures-of-merit of the cell design are given for comparison and evaluation purposes. Experimental results, based on both single-cell and three-cell hardware prototypes, are presented demonstrating the functionality and performance of the new topology. This is a significant milestone in the progression toward constructing a full 32-cell PEBB-based Marx klystron modulator with nested droop correction. Lessons learned during various stages of the prototype development and future directions are commented on.


We developed a novel, yet simple, micro electret power generator prototype for low-frequency energy harvesting applications. In this prototype, two electrodes of the power generator are placed on the stator. The rotor is only a plate with metal strips of half of the spatial frequency of the stator plate. The packaging is to simply fix the stator to a container and put the rotor directly on top of the stator. CYTOP, a MEMS-compatible perfluoropolymer, served as the electret material and charged with corona charging. The power output was 2.267 muW at 60 Hz.


Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has practical challenges, frequently linked to a restricted concept of sustainable literacy. This study investigates the effect of COVID-19 on sustainability literate views and practices using an educational symposium that detects changes in attitudes and practices of sustainability. This research investigates how disruption of pandemics might influence people and organizations. By comparing past global environmental restructuring plans with personal, professional and societal developments. Conceptions on sustainability and practice have modified the influence of COVID 19 on learning. The results demonstrate that the advantages of the epidemic have improved educators' thinking and increased their will for change by using the social networks of the educational community to promote collective action. Keywords: Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) , covid19, perceptions' and activities' pre-service


Asymptotic correlations between the phase delta (E) and the first derivative of the modulus vertical-barF (E) vertical-bar are proved to follow from the general principles of axiomatic quantum field theory (F (E) is the crossing-even or crossing-odd forward scattering amplitude), provided that certain additional assumptions concerning the properties of F (E) at infinite energy are satisfied. Analogous correlations hold, e.g., between ReF (E) and ImF (E). The asymptotic relations obtained resemble the derivative analyticity relations of Bronzan et al.; the main difference is that we introduce only the first derivative, deal with a considerably wider class of functions, and consider exclusively the high-energy asymptotic limit. Some of our relations represent a generalization of Gribov's and Midgal's result, extending its validity from the frame of Regge theory to a general consequence of axiomatic field theory. Problems related to applications are discussed.


In the Hebrew Bible, Balaam is a famous foreign seer, a truly remarkable character in Numbers 22-24. Israel escapes a near-death situation in the desert by being blessed instead of cursed. This chapter focuses on a range of texts with more or less related traditions thereby studying the development of changes to Balaam's image in Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua and Micah. It describes the geographical scene of Moab in the biblical tradition. The chapter demonstrates the main historical lines of interpretation by analyzing two Dutch paintings. It examines the texts on Balaam found outside Numbers 22-24 and explores the reasons for the growing negativity of his image, touching in turn upon the concentration on Word-of-God theology, the YHWH prophets of the 7th and 6th centuries BCE and the condemnation of all other religious specialists. Keywords: Balaam; Deuteronomy; Hebrew Bible; Israel; Joshua; Micah


ABSTRACT Water deficit and high temperatures are abiotic factors that most limit plant growth and development. However, its effects depend on crop development stage and on stress duration and intensity. Thus, the objective of was to evaluate the development of cowpea subjected to water restriction in different phenological stages and to increase in air temperature. The experiment was conducted with the cultivar 'Carijó', in growth chambers, in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to levels of water availability (25, 50, 75, and 100%,), phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and pod filling) and temperature regimes (T°1: 20-26-33 °C e T°2: 24.8-30.8-37.8 °C), respectively. Reduction of water availability in the vegetative and flowering stages caused decrease in grain production. The percentage of aborted flowers was higher in plants maintained under an increased temperature of +4.8 °C, with consequent reduction in grain production. Higher water availability values favored shoot and root dry mass production. Increase of 4.8 °C did not affect shoot and root dry mass but reduced water use efficiency by about 83%. The highest enzymatic activities of CAT, GPX and SOD were found in plants subjected to the temperature of +4.8 °C. Only APX showed lower enzymatic activity with increasing temperature. The cv. 'Carijó' is more sensitive to the 4.8 °C increase in air temperature than to water deficits.


The invention relates to a fuel injection system, in particular to a common rail injection system, comprising a pre-supply pump (1) and a high-pressure pump (2), wherein the high-pressure pump (2) is used to apply a high pressure to the fuel and comprises at least one pump element having a first valve, which is used as inlet valve (3), and a second valve, which is used as an outlet valve (4). According to the invention, the pre-supply pump (1) is an electrical fuel pump, by means of which a pre-supply pressure can be achieved, which is equal to or greater than the total opening pressure of both valves (3, 4) of the pump element such that rapid filling and/or venting can be effected during the initial start in the vehicle plant or when restarting after an empty tank. The invention further relates to a method for filling and/or venting such a fuel injection system.


Objective To explore the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment andprevention of the acute nitrite poisoning.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with acutenitrite poisoning in the two hospitals were analyzed retrospectively from Jan 2001 to Dec 2005.Results The 32 cases included 22 men and 10 women, who aged from 14 to 62 years,averaged (34±12)years. The cause of poisoning included ingestion of excessive overnight vegetable,pickles, bacon,sausage ,repeated boiled soup and nitrite which looks like salt.The symptoms occurred suddenly 0.5~2h after the patients ate the foods.Cyanosis was characteristic and apparent surrounding the mouth andin the extremities.Arterial blood gas analysis showed PaO2 50~85mmHg and oxygen saturation on pulseoximetry (SpO2) showed 75%~88%. Sinus tachycardia was observed in 5 cases; flat or downward slopingST depression of 0.5~3mm and flat or inverted T wave in 4 cases, 2 of whom had atrial premature beatsand 1 had isolated premature ventricular beats; convex ST segment elevation of 4~6 mm in leads V3 ̄4and biphasic T wave in 1 case. Poison analysis of food materials or vomit revealed the presence ofnitrite. Qualitative examination of all the urine samples was positive. After the therapy inducingvomit,stomach wash, inducing diarrhea, high flow oxygen supply and intravenous antidote methyleneblue as well as administration of ascorbic acid, cobalamin, coenzyme A and supportive measures, 31cases became asymptomatic and cyanosis resolved within 1h. The other one was not cyanosed after doseof methylene blue was repeated in 1h. SpO2 decreased within 10 min while methylene blue was injected,then it rised to the previous level, finally raised sharply to above 95% in the further 60min later.32 cases were discharged in 24~48h. Conclusion It is important to highlight the sanitary inspectionand vocational training of the food manufacture and the personal hygiene. Acute nitrite poisoningneeds complex treatment.Methylene blue is definitely effective and should be administered slowly inlow doses.


In accordance with college students' ideological features,this paper points out that the `two_subject' teaching is of great guidance to improve college students' ideological and physical qualities.It also emphasizes the important status of the main medium and position of the `two_subject'education.Then it probes into strengthening the `two_subject' education and cultivating talented persons having both ability and moral integrity in the new century.


A coil design has been recently proposed by Temnikov (Instrum Exp Tech. 2005;48;636–637), with higher experimental signal‐to‐noise ratio than that of the birdcage coil. It is also claimed that it is possible to individually tune it with a single chip capacitor. This coil design shows a great resemble to the gradiometer coil. These results motivated us to numerically simulate a three‐coil array for parallel magnetic resonance imaging and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy with multi nuclear capability. The magnetic field was numerical simulated by solving Maxwell's equations with the finite element method. Uniformity profiles were calculated at the midsection for one single coil and showed a good agreement with the experimental data. Then, two more coils were added to form two different coil arrays: coil elements were equally distributed by an angle of a 30° angle. Then, uniformity profiles were calculated again for all cases at the midsection. Despite the strong interaction among all coil elements, v...


Due to database backup largely depended on the structure of source database in traditional database backup and recovery system,the resource of backup center is extremely wasted.According to the problem,a database backup storage method is presented.Through encapsulating data and multilevel index,the method implements the separation of logic structure of data and specific physical storage.The method supports different kinds of database backup data share a storage space.The experiment proved that the method not only implements different kinds of database share storage,but also improve the efficiency of system resources.


This article aims to discuss how an Administrator should use the information he or she collects from newspapers and magazines. It also discusses the so called impartiality by journalists or publishers, claiming that all media vehicles have their interests, therefore the reader should be aware of these interests in order to select the most trustworthy data. To reach its purposes an interview, books, news and articles were used. Our results showed that the media is not impartial when publishing their news; consequently an administrator must filter the information received. It may be easier for an experienced and connected businessperson to make safer decisions.


This paper shows a panoramic view of the investigations conducted by the Cuban Research Institute of Sugar cane By Products (Icidca), during the last decade, to produce different quality pulps from bagasse. The bleaching of high yield pulps with the use of hydrogen peroxide, 'hydrosulphite and sodium hypochlorite in single and combined stages has been studied. The sequences of mu1 ti-s tages bleaching for chemical pulps, using chlorine and its derivatives, has also been studied. The use of chlorine dioxide was put into emphasis due to its selective action. The total coefficient variable, defined in the study, was used to calculate the total chlorine consumption as a function of the degree of pulp delignification. Among the new te~bnologies developed the application of oxygen/ alkali as previous stage is the most important. The feasibility of using bagasse efficiently for this purpose is shown by the results of the study.


We prove that the box dimension of the standard clothoid is equal to d = 4/3. Furthermore, this curve is Minkowski measurable, and we compute its d-dimensional Minkowski content. Oscillatory dimensions of component functions of the clothoid are also equal to 4/3.


Between 2000 and 2010, more than 20 states passed new or revised legislation referred to as the Castle Doctrine. These statutes provide citizens protection from criminal prosecution and civil liability in cases where an individual uses physical force to protect self or home. Advocated by the National Rifle Association, these statutes were intended to protect citizens using firearms as self-defense. Little research to date has examined their effects. This paper tests whether Castle Doctrine legislation affected gun ownership and acquisition, as approximated by the number of Federal background checks and the proportion of suicides attributable to firearms. Analyses treat both outcomes as time series spanning 2000-2010 with states as panels. Results indicate that Castle Doctrine legislation is associated with a long-term increase in the number of Federal background checks. Results for the proportion of suicides attributable to firearms are limited. Implications of these results and avenues for future research are discussed. service. It would find compassion, instead of antipathy, for its beleaguered veterans. Following that, the nation would provide the resources necessary to meet the demands of a moral society that is committed to aiding its beleaguered veterans in reclaiming their civilian lives. 1 Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Pennsylvania State University Wallace Justice Policy Journal, Fall 2014


A novel pathogenesis of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (PLAM) is presented incorporating a review of clinical and pathology research on the disease together with a review of research in the field of senescence. In this model of pathogenesis it is proposed that: 1) the primary site of origin for this disease is the Mullerian smooth muscle found in the female reproductive tract and this accounts for the striking female predominance of the disease; 2) the tumor spreads to the lungs via a mechanism similar to lymphangitic carcinomatosis and this accounts for its universal symmetric and bilateral distribution; 3) there is a mutational basis for a senescence-associated growth arrest which helps explain the absence of enlarging tumor masses in the lung despite years of disease duration; and 4) PLAM cells have a senescence-associated secretory phenotype with implications for the pathogenesis of the cystic transformation of the lungs. The secretory phenotype of PLAM cells is reviewed and the overlap with the senescence associated secretory phenotype products of known senescent cells is documented. The role of the switch to glycolytic metabolism (Warburg state) by PLAM cells is described. Finally, the "contradictory signals" hypothesis for the induction of the senescent state is explored and its role in PLAM described.


Changes in the incident spectrum under varying atmospheric conditions can degrade the performance of series connected tandem solar cells that are optimized for performance under the AM1.5D standard spectrum. We present a case study of optimizing series connected tandem solar cells with two to eight subcells for energy production using representative spectra that capture the variation of incident spectra with cumulative irradiance level. Combined with the National Solar Radiation Database information on the frequency of cumulative irradiance levels at locations across the United States, these 20 direct spectra allow us to predict the energy production of spectrum splitting photovoltaic systems across the United States. Series connected tandems optimized to maximize energy production at a local level can generate up to 3% more energy per year than the AM1.5D based design.


PURPOSE: A method for assigning uplink power in a multiple timing advanced (TA) environment and a device thereof are provided to assign the transmission power of an uplink standard signal and multiple uplink physical channels when the multiple uplink physical channels and the uplink standard signal are transmitted simultaneously. CONSTITUTION: A power calculation part (1320) calculates the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission power of subframe m, subframe k and subframe (k+1) using the request power of PUSCH of first and second halves of the subframe m of a first component carrier. A transmitting and receiving part (1330) sets the PUSCH transmission power of the subframe m according to the calculated power. The transmitting and receiving part performs uplink transmission to a base station through the subframe m. [Reference numerals] (1310) TA setting part; (1320) Power calculation part; (1330) Transmitting and receiving part


Nick Ford, Marlene Inman, and Elspeth Mathia, 'Interaction to enhance mindfulness: positive strategies to increase tourists' awareness of HIV and sexual health risks on holiday', in Stephen Clift and Stephen Page (eds.), Health and the International Tourist, (London and New York: Routledge, 1996), ISBN 978-1-138-88947-7 (print). Re-issued 13 February 2015 as part of Routledge Revivals series.


Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) is used extensively in the treatment of seizure disorders. Oral DPH is most commonly used, but intravenous administration often is necessary in the treatment of status epilepticus' and acute seizure problems as well as in cardiac arrythmias.' The hazards of such use have been outlined, and administration in the presence of a physician is required. Frequently, DPH precipitates in IV fluid solutions, and direct intravenous injection of the parenteral preparation is required. Thus, it is more convenient, especially in chronic cases or in postoperative and comatose patients, to maintain DPH levels by use of the intramuscular route. Two prior reports comparing plasma levels of orally and intramuscularly administered DPH have produced conflicting evidence about the efficacy of the IM preparation. Dam and Olesen3 state that plasma levels established on oral dosage will fall during the first 48 hours of IM administration unless the quantity of drug given is increased to twice that given orally. aL4 did not take samples until the third day following initiation of IM DPH. Because of reports of seizures occurring during intramuscular administration of DPH in patients who had previously been controlled on oral preparation, we elected to study the plasma kinetics of intramuscular DPH.


Background: The present study is an attempt to explore the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of flower of Calendula officinalis. Various doses of ethanolic extracts were evaluated for their anthelmintic activity on adult Indian earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. Calendula officinalis Linn has been widely used in homeopathic medicine for the treatment of many diseases. It has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities, which include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
Methods: The ethanol extract of air dried flowers powder (500g) was prepared by using soxlet apparatus, concentrated and vacuum dried which gave an orange yellowish mass (60.46 g). Extract was subjected to qualitative chemical investigation of phytoconstituents such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, proteins, vitamins, coumarins etc.
Results: All extracts were able to show anthelmintic activity at 10mg/mL concentration. The activities are comparable with the standard drugs, piperazine citrate and albendazole. The data were found statistically significantly by using one way Anova at 5% level of significance (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: All the doses of ethanolic extract of calendula officinalis showed dose dependent anthelmintic activity in comparison to standard drugs.
Keywords: Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae, Anthelmintic, Piperazine citrate, Albendazole


Advancements in chemical, medical, cosmetic, and plastic producing industries have improved agricultural yields, health and human life in general. As a negative consequence, a plethora of chemicals are intentionally and unintentionally released to terrestrial and aquatic environments with sometimes devastating effects for entire ecosystems. One mitigation strategy to counteract this pollution is bioremediation. Bioremediation is an umbrella term for biologically mediated processes during which an undesired compound is transformed, degraded, sequestered and/or entirely removed from the ecosystem. Organisms across all domains of life may mediate bioremediation; yet, fungi are particularly promising candidates. They possess metabolic capabilities to break down complex molecules which make fungi the ultimate degraders of recalcitrant organic matter in nature. Bioremediation by fungi, also termed mycoremediation, has been more frequently investigated in terrestrial than aquatic ecosystems, although fungi also thrive in lacustrine and marine environments. Here, we focus on mycoremediation of emerging pollutants in aquatic environments. In this context, we draw parallels between terrestrial and aquatic fungal taxa, and their role in mycoremediation. We discuss the ability of fungi to break-down (i) pesticides, (ii) pharmaceuticals and personal care products, (iii) plastics, both conventional types and (iv) bioplastics, and fungal role, (v) mitigation of heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, we (vi) discuss possible mycoremediation strategies in applied settings and highlight novel enzyme based mycoremediation strategies.


Historical timber structures are often complex, their static behaviour being difficult to grasp. Such structures are usually statically indeterminate. To determine how a statically indeterminate structure carries the load it supports, the stiffness of its separate parts needs to be taken into account. Knowledge of the static behaviour and of the factors that influence it is important when investigating the causes of damages. The damage analyses suggested involve several steps. First, a thorough investigation of the structure is needed, aimed at collecting the basic facts required for obtaining sufficient background information for creating the computational model. The next step is to create a computational model based on the Finite Elements Method. Having access to an appropriate computational model allows possible causes of damages to readily be simu-lated. The roof structure of the medieval Swedish castle of Glimmingehus was selected as an example of how such an analysis can be performed.


As per WHO Traditional medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of illness. World Health Organization define Traditional herbal medicines as naturally occurring, plant-derived substances with minimal or no industrial processing that have been used to treat illness within local or regional healing practices. Meyna is a genus of shrub and the plant is Small or medium size tree, Bark light black, smooth. Leaves opposite or whorled distributed in tropical and subtropical region. Earlier Vangueria spinosa covers a group of plants from Meyna genus recently the plants has been separated and classified into eleven different species of Meyna with the help of molecular phylogenetics The plant was reported to be used for treatment of diseases of digestive system, anti- inflammatory ,antioxidant, anti-dysentery and constipation .It also exhibits anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities which indicate its usefulness as a promising drug in treatment of IBD.


A substrate layer, and the easy adhesion layer formed on one side of a substrate layer, an adhesive layer formed on the surface opposite the substrate layer of the easy adhesion layer, easy adhesion of the adhesive layer the treated layer comprising a metal foil layer formed on the opposite surface and a sealant layer disposed on the surface opposite the adhesive layer of the metal foil layer, the base layer is made of biaxially oriented film , tensile test (test piece shape: JIS K7127 test piece type 5 defined in, chuck distance: 60 mm, tensile rate: 50 mm / min) in, four directions (0 ° (MD), 45 °, 90 ° (TD ), 135 ° breaking strength of at least one direction of) of not less than 240 MPa, and a layer at elongation of at least one direction is 80% or more, the power storage device for exterior materials.


The Arrival Heights area of the Hut Point Peninsula on Ross Island has been designated the 2nd Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) on the Antarctic continent. It is the only SSSI in Antarctica designated as a natural electromagnetically quiet site. As the electromagnetic noise levels of civilization increase world-wide, such sites around the world, if preserved, will be of increasing scientific importance. The authors report here the determination of the amplitude and functional form of the geomagnetic fluctuations measured at Arrival Heights in June 1986. The frequency range covered is from {approximately}10{sup {minus}5} to {approximately}10{sup 5} Hz, with a gap between {approximately}10{sup {minus}1} to {approximately}10{sup 1} Hz due to instrumentation limitations. Over this frequency range, which is larger than any reported previously from any site on Earth, the Magnetic field amplitude spectrum in units of fT/{radical}Hz falls with increasing frequency f as {approximately}f{sup {minus}1} to {approximately}f{sup {minus}1.5}, and has a value of {approximately}10{sup 8} fT/{radical}Hz at f{approximately}10{sup {minus}3} Hz.


The influence of domain inversion on the infrared absorption of lithium niobate crystals with varying MgO doping is investigated. The authors observe a significant difference between crystals doped below and those doped above the so-called optical damage threshold. The shift of the OH absorption due to domain inversion for weakly doped or undoped samples, known from the literature, can be confirmed. However, for highly doped samples the peak vanishes completely after forward poling. It reemerges either by reverse poling or by annealing at 250°C. The mechanism is yet not fully understood but has to be correlated with the defect structure of the crystal.


Apprenticeships are becoming an increasingly popular means of training healthcare professionals; providing an opportunity to earn and study simultaneously in order to gain nationally recognised qualifications. However, there is currently a lack of evaluative data on student experience of Occupational Therapy (OT) or Allied Health Professional (AHP) apprenticeship schemes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perspectives of five apprentices who commenced the Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust (KCHFT) OT Apprenticeship in January 2020. A qualitative interpretive approach was utilised to analyse semi-structured interview data. Subsequent thematic analysis identified three key themes from the data: support (peer-support, support from employer, and applying theory to practise), organisation (University, time-management and learning needs), and communication (University, and stakeholder expectations). Findings from this study emphasise the importance of clear communication and management of expectations between stakeholders, effective induction processes, and a commitment to supporting mentors and workplace teams within the clinical arena. Future evaluations should consider the perspectives of other stakeholders within apprenticeship programmes.


The wireless local area network (WLAN) security standard made by China (WAPI)——uses public key certificates mechanism to implement two-way authentication and private communication. It provides good security solution for large-scale WLAN. However, the system based on WAPI is complex and has security flaws. The identity-based cryptosystem was adopted in WLAN to implement key agreement and two-way authentication. This scheme simplifies the system architecture and is more feasible in small-scale or middle-scale WLAN. It also overcomes the security flaws in WAPI. By the performance analysis, security analysis and contrast to WAPI, the new scheme is proved to be more suitable for small-scale or middle-scale WLAN.


Some kinds of epoxy supports, LX1000-EP(C), LX1000-EP(D), LKZ-116, LKZ-118 and LKZ-126 were utilized to covalently immobilize cephalosporin C (CPC) acylase, the key enzyme in the one-step enzymatic process of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) production. After preliminary carrier screening, the immobilized CPC acylase with LKZ-118 as the support shows the highest activity (115 U/g) suggesting its potential application in industrial 7-ACA production. The conditions of CPC acylase immobilized on LKZ-118 to achieve higher activity and thermostability of the immobilized enzyme were optimized by adjusting pH value, buffer concentration, enzyme dosage and immobilized time. The activity of immobilized enzyme was found to be optimal at pH 8.5, in 0.85 M sodium phosphate buffer when the enzyme dosage was 500 U/g and immobilization time was 28 h.


Gram-negative bacteria use membrane-bound type IV secretion systems to assemble pili on the cell surface, followed by cell-cell contact with recipient cells and transfer of plasmid DNA. The process at the cell-cell contact stage of conjugative DNA transfer is not well understood. We here present a biochemical and genetic characterization of the TraC protein that is a minor component of the pili determined by the IncN plasmid pKM101 from Escherichia coli. The cellular and secreted forms of TraC are monomers, TraC preferentially localizes at the cell poles and it is also detected in extracellular membrane vesicles. Purified TraC does not impact the infection with bacteriophages, but we detect binding of TraC to recipient cells and partial complementation of a traC deletion strain by the addition of purified TraC. These results suggest that the protein contributes to conjugation at the cell-cell contact stage.


Author Toni Morrison said, "All good art is political! There is none that isn't". Perhaps this is why the arts and artists throughout history have been positioned as dangerous, troubling and on the margin. Art works can ask questions of us, challenge assumptions and name the un-nameable. Art works challenge hegemonies and the status quo – they trouble politics. So what happens when arts meets politics when it comes to the entitlement for young Australians to an arts-rich education? How do we navigate the tricky waters of the political ebb and flow to champion the agenda for arts education in contemporary classrooms so that our young people can be cultural navigators, cultural auteurs and culture makers?


This study analyzes the effective classes of literature and popular culture, which are one of the liberal arts elective subjects in S University. This course is aimed at students from 1st to 4th graders of different majors, and the learning goal was not just to appreciate literary works, but to improve their ability to understand them in an easy and fun way, and to apply them to real life. This study examines how the literature class, the source of popular culture in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, can motivate students to learn and produce learning effects by using multimedia rather than the existing traditional method. In this study, the instructional procedure of a class that attracted a lot of students' attention among the classes that took place during the semester was presented as an example. In detail, the researcher conducted a pre-class survey and, through the results, grasped the level of background knowledge of the students and the characteristics of the learner, and proceeded with the class. After taking the questionnaire, eight items were surveyed, and only six items among them were analyzed.


Tremor constitutes one of the most important symptoms of neurological disorders. However, its objective assessment is very difficult. The methods used for objectivisation require application of such devices as piezoelectric detectors or kymographs. The best results are achieved with the use of spectral analysis. A simple measuring set consisting of accelerometer transducers and multichannel A/D converter plugged in the ISA slot of a computer has been designed in the Institute of Fundamental Electronics of Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. The equipment has been created to meet the requirement of objective tremor measurement. The set includes specialised software. Tremor is a rhythmic involuntary oscillatory movement of body parts, with a relatively fixed frequency and amplitude. It can be observed in healthy subjects as well as in patients with various diseases. Tremor constitutes one of the most important symptoms of neurological disorders. Among the pathological cases, essential and parkinsonian tremor are the most often observed types. The proposed system for acquisition and processing of tremor signals can be used as an aid in both - medical diagnosing and observing the progress of treatment. The developed, easy to use and portable tremor data logger is essential for continuous monitoring of patients. It could be used at home in everyday actions as well. The main task of the logger is then to acquire the outputs of acceleration transducers in predefined periods of time as well as to store and to transmit them to a computer for further processing. Any kind of more sophisticated analysis can be applied in the later. Practical requirements concerning the logger have been assumed as follows:


Summary The impact of metabolic engineering on nontarget pathways and outcomes of metabolic engineering from different genomes are poorly understood questions. Therefore, squalene biosynthesis genes FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (FPS) and SQUALENE SYNTHASE (SQS) were engineered via the Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast (C), nuclear (N) or both (CN) genomes to promote squalene biosynthesis. SQS levels were ~4300‐fold higher in C and CN lines than in N, but all accumulated ~150‐fold higher squalene due to substrate or storage limitations. Abnormal leaf and flower phenotypes, including lower pollen production and reduced fertility, were observed regardless of the compartment or level of transgene expression. Substantial changes in metabolomes of all lines were observed: levels of 65–120 unrelated metabolites, including the toxic alkaloid nicotine, changed by as much as 32‐fold. Profound effects of transgenesis on nontarget gene expression included changes in the abundance of 19 076 transcripts by up to 2000‐fold in CN; 7784 transcripts by up to 1400‐fold in N; and 5224 transcripts by as much as 2200‐fold in C. Transporter‐related transcripts were induced, and cell cycle‐associated transcripts were disproportionally repressed in all three lines. Transcriptome changes were validated by qRT‐PCR. The mechanism underlying these large changes likely involves metabolite‐mediated anterograde and/or retrograde signalling irrespective of the level of transgene expression or end product, due to imbalance of metabolic pools, offering new insight into both anticipated and unanticipated consequences of metabolic engineering.


PURPOSE: A damper for controlling vibration of a steering wheel is provided to operate the power steering system stably by not decreasing the oil passage for the power steering system, and to prevent vibration of the steering wheel from shimmy or judder by damping vibration. CONSTITUTION: A damper is composed of a branch pipe(3) branching from a power steering oil passage(1); a mass(5) placed outside the branch pipe; a variable length connecting unit connecting the mass and the branch pipe by sealing and accepting the change of relative position of the mass to the branch pipe; and a spring(7) elastically supporting the mass to the branch pipe. The variable length connecting unit is composed of bellows(9) fixed to the branch pipe and the mass by a clamp(11) to prevent leakage of oil by sealing the branch pipe and the mass. Vibration is restricted with offsetting hydraulic pulsation of oil from shimmy or judder.


This study aimed to determine the standard operating procedures at Envy Restaurant, the implementation at Envy Restaurant, and strategies to improve service quality at Envy Restaurant. The research used a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects in this study were supervisors and staff in Envy Restaurant. The results of this study indicates that : (1) Envy restaurant does already have standard operating procedures and has been monitored in every implementation by managers or supervisors, but in the case of its application, it is still found to be incompatible with the standards owned; (2) To improve the quality of service in Envy Restaurant, it is also necessary to evaluate, give morning  briefing, provide  feedback, conduct role play training. It is important that superiors taking a persuasive approach to the staffs to do the job based on the standard procedure.


In this paper, the authors present a modified method for generating multiparameter root loci of both continuous and discrete time systems. A more practical computational method for plotting the robust root locus is developed. The graph of the locations of the poles of the transfer function of the closed-loop system corresponding to each gain can be plotted readily and accurately with this method. The sensitivity of poles to the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial can thus be examined, and the appropriate tuning gain selected to achieve a better robustness. Also, a stricter bound of the zeros of the characteristic polynomial is given to further reduce the complexity of the computation of the robust root locus. The technique is applied to the design of robotic manipulators. Simulations of controller design for the PUMA 762 robot disk grinding process are included. >


Objectives: To evaluate the effect of proinflammatory cytokines, their receptors, and nutritional indicators (at baseline and after 12 weeks of megestrol acetate (MA) treatment) upon long‐term survival in geriatric cachectic patients without active acute infections, inflammation, or cancer.


Objective To explore the level change and clinical significance of FFA and IMT in type 2 diabetes.Methods Serum level of FFA,carotid IMT,the level of serum lipid and blood glucose were detected in 63 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients(Group A) and 60 healthy controls(Group B).Results In the type 2 diabetes mellitus group,serum levels of FFA and IMT were,(562.68±58.54) μmol/L and(1.10±0.23) mm,respectively,which were higher than those in healthy control group(354.23±45.87) μmol/L and(0.69±0.12) mm respectively,with significantly difference(P0.05).The level of serum glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus group was(10.80±2.99) mmol/L,which is higher than it in healthy control group(4.74±0.90)mmol/L(P0.05).And there was significant difference between Group A and Group B in the levels of TC,TG,LDL,HDL(P0.05).Conclusion Serum level of FFA is associated with IMT in type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Recently, the algebraic theory of MV -algebras is intensively studied. In this paper, we extend the concept of derivation of $MV$-algebras and we give someillustrative examples. Moreover, as a generalization of derivations of $MV$ -algebraswe introduce the notion of $f$-derivations and $(f; g)$-derivations of $MV$-algebras.Also, we investigate some properties of them.


Objective To explore the safety and medication cycle method of intermittent androgen blockade( IAB) in treatment of advanced prostate cancer patients. Methods 127 cases of advanced prostate cancer patients were treated from January 2008 to January 2011 in affiliated hospital of northwest university For nationalities,which were divided into 3 groups according to clinical TNM stage,group A( T3-4N0M0),group B( TXN1M0) and C group( TXNXM1),were treated by IAB therapy; 3 group patients was diagnosed after giving the maximum androgen blockade therapy for at least 6months,PSA decreased to below 0. 2 μg / L maintenance therapy for 3 months,after entering the intermittent period,when PSA rose to 4 μg / L once again into the medication cycle. Comparison 3 groups of patients medication period,withdrawal period of PSA maintenance time,quality of life and the international prostate symptom score difference,progression free survival. Results Medication period results showed that patients in the group A to complete each cycle of treatment were higher than group B and group C( P 0. 05),and B group were significantly higher than that of group C( P 0. 05); Compared among 3 groups,the intermittent period of PSA 4 μg / L maintenance time,quality of life score,international prostate symptom score was difference,group A was significant higher than group B and group C( P 0. 05),and the B group were significantly higher than that of group C( P 0. 05). Conclusion IAB is a kind of effective treatments for prostate cancer,can significantly improve the survival quality of patients after treatment,and patients in T3-4N0M0 are more effective than TXN1M0 and TXNXM1 staging.


Addressing the structural and functional variability between subjects for robust affective brain-computer interface (aBCI) is challenging but of great importance, since the calibration phase for aBCI is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a subject transfer framework for electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition via component analysis. We compare two state-of-the-art subspace projecting approaches called transfer component analysis (TCA) and kernel principle component analysis (KPCA) for subject transfer. The main idea is to learn a set of transfer components underlying source domain (source subjects) and target domain (target subject). When projected to this subspace, the difference of feature distributions of both domains can be reduced. From the experiments, we show that the two proposed approaches, TCA and KPCA, can achieve an improvement on performance with the best mean accuracies of 71.80% and 79.83%, respectively, in comparison of the baseline of 58.95%. The significant improvement shows the feasibility and efficiency of our approaches for subject transfer emotion recognition from EEG signals.


Society is undergoing major transformations that directly aff ect the way we communicate science, transformations that go beyond the possibilities open through the digital technologies of the information age. These transformations began in the Scientifi c Revolution, a milestone for the democratization of knowledge, according to Paul David (David, 2008). For the author, the Scientifi c Revolution implied the change of a model based on the prolonged secrecy of the alchemists blessed with a divine power over the production of an enlightened knowledge for the necessity of the metallurgical area to publicly and quickly disseminate the practical results of the research to be applied to the market.


The difference between the east and the west of China is increasing. One of the reasons is due to China's banking policy, financial policy, tax revenue policy and other relative economic policies. The reduction of the difference needs Chinese government to give the west preferential policies and input more funds in the west.


A general method has been developed for determination of the total cyanide content of all cyanogenic plants and foods. Ten cyanogenic substrates (cassava, flax seed, sorghum and giant taro leaves, stones of peach, plum, nectarine and apricot, apple seeds and bamboo shoot) were chosen, as well as various model compounds, and the total cyanide contents determined by the acid hydrolysis and picrate kit methods. The hydrolysis of cyanoglucosides in 2 M sulfuric acid at 100 o C in a glass stoppered test tube causes some loss of HCN which is corrected for by extrapolation to zero time. However, using model compounds including replicate analyses on amygdalin, the picrate method is found to be more accurate and reproducible than the acid hydrolysis method. The picrate kit method is available free of charge to workers in developing countries for determination of cyanide in cassava roots and cassava products, flax seed, bamboo shoots and cyanide containing leaves. For eleven different samples of flax seed and flax seed meal the total cyanide content was 140–370 ppm. Bamboo shoots contained up to 1600 ppm total cyanide in the tip reducing to 110 ppm in the base. The total cyanide content of sorghum leaves was 740 ppm 1 week after germination but reduced to 60 ppm 3 weeks later. The acid hydrolysis method is generally applicable to all plants, but is much more difficult to use and is less accurate and reproducible than the picrate method, which is the method of choice for plants of importance for human food. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Several extracts from marine brown alga Sargassum micracanthum (Kuetzing) Endlicher were screened for their inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation. In an in vitro study, methanol extract (Sm‐M), chloroform/ methanol (3:1) extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Sm‐M inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat liver homo‐genates. The IC50 values were 0.70, 0.70 and 0.37 µg/mL, respectively. These inhibitions were stronger than vitamine C and E. These extracts showed reductive activity on DPPH, the IC50 values were 34, 37 and 11 µg/mL, respectively. In an in vivo study, Sm‐M had the effect on CCl4 induced liver injury in rats and Sm‐M (120–1200 mg/kg, p.o.) lowered dose‐dependently the level of lipid peroxidation in liver. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This review aims to emphasize the importance of mannan oligosaccharides, obtained from various resources especially from yeasts. Attractive features of mannan polysaccharides have had influenced the decisions of food scientists to pursue research on this element, and that may expand their uses and applications in medicine, food industry and animals feed. Food researchers are increasingly focusing on yeast cell wall (YCW) as a promising source of mannan extraction, as the yeast extracts sector generates a huge amount of YCW as a by-product. Extraction is an important method used to obtain the water-soluble mannan oligosaccharides from the wall cells of yeast and in this review was showed the optimal conditions for the extraction of mannan from cell yeast according to results some of the scientific studies along with the deproteinization methods. In the fооd industry, mаnnаn has various аррliсаtiоns such as viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, and increasing the thermo-stability of anthocyanins. Mannan has many health benefits, which have expanded its uses in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. In the animal feed sector, several studies of farm animals have shown significant positive effects of weight gain, reduced bird mortality, and improved fish growth. In pigs, the addition of mannan to pig diets led to obvious economic benefits.


In recent years, plasma activated solution (PAS) have made a good progress in the 22 disinfection of medical device, tooth whitening, fruit preservation. In this study, we 23 investigated the inactivation efficacy of Newcastle disease virus by PAS. Water, 0.9% 24 NaCl and 0.3% H 2 O 2 were excited by plasma to obtain the corresponding solutions 25 PAS(H 2 O), PAS(NaCl) and PAS(H 2 O 2 ). The complete inactivation of virus after PAS 26 treatment for 30 min was confirmed by the embryo lethality assay (ELA) and 27 hemagglutination (HA) test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the 28 morphology of the viral particle changed under PAS treatments. The total protein 29 concentration of virus decreased by bradford protein assay due to PAS treatment. The 30 nucleic acid integrity assay demonstrated that viral RNA degraded into smaller fragments. 31 Moreover, the physicochemical properties of PAS including ORP, electric conductivity, H 2 O 2 concentration and electron spin resonance spectra analysis indicated that reactive 33 oxygen and nitrogen species play a major role in the virus inactivation. Therefore, PAS, 34 as an environmentally friendly method, would be a promising alternative strategy for 35 application in the poultry industries. sanitizers, such as chlorine-based products, are associated with risks of by-products 41 formation with carcinogenic effect and environmental pollution. Based on these, plasma 42 activated water as a green disinfection product is a promising alternative applied in stock 43 farming and sterilization in hospitals and public places. In this study, we explored the 44 inactivation efficacy of different plasma activated solution (PAS) against NDV and the 45 possible mechanism between PAS and NDV. Our results demonstrated that reactive 46 oxygen and nitrogen species detected in PAS, including short-lived OH• and NO• and 47 long-lived H 2 O 2 , changed the viral morphology, destroyed RNA structure and degraded 48 viral protein, consequently resulting in virus inactivation. These lay a foundation for 49 application of PAS to resolve the issues of public health and environmental sanitation.


The aim of this study is to analyze the  effect  leadership style, work motivation and organization culture toward  Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja work performance. The method used in this study is quantitative method. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 85  respondents of Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja   in Semarang Central Java . For questions  about the identity of respondents designed in the form of a semi-open questionnaire in addition to a closed questionnaire. Data collection technique is using questionnaire with Likert Scale. Analysis from this study is  SEM (Structural Equation Model) with SmartPLS version 3.0 as a statistic tools.  Based on the results of data analysis through a questionnaire distributed to respondents, found several conclusions ,  There is a significant effect of leadership style on work  Performance. There is a significant effect of motivation on work  Performance and There is a significant effect of organization culture on work  Performance.


The fixation process in histology is an important process that will eventually determine the quality of the histology slides. Fixation of the dental pulp involves the entry of the fixative agent into the dental pulp through the root canals that are found at the apical part of the root. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four methods of tooth preparation (teeth cut longitudinally or cervically, removal of apical third of root and whole uncut teeth) on the fixation process of the dental pulp for producing high quality histology slides. Among the four methods of tooth preparation, removal of the apical one-third of the root produced high quality histology slides as fixation of the dental pulp was improved and hence, preservation of the pulp's architecture and contents were achieved. It is concluded that removal of the apical one-third of the root improves the fixation process of the dental pulp in teeth.


Open science hardware (OSH) is a term frequently used to refer to artifacts, but also to a practice, a discipline and a collective of people worldwide pushing for open access to the design of tools to produce scientific knowledge. The Global Open Science Hardware (GOSH) movement gathers actors from academia, education, the private sector and civil society advocating for OSH to be ubiquitous by 2025. This paper examines the GOSH movement's emergence and main features through the lens of transitions theory and the grassroots innovation movements framework. GOSH is here described embedded in the context of the wider open hardware movement and analyzed in terms of framings that inform it, spaces opened up for action and strategies developed to open them. It is expected that this approach provides insights on niche development in the particular case of transitions towards more plural and democratic sociotechnical systems.


This article examines how conventional studio production strategies were active in the construction of political meaning in the 1974 television play 'Absolute Beginners', written by Trevor Griffiths. Produced for the BBC anthology series Fall of Eagles, the play dramatises Lenin's involvement with the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP) and explores the contradictions between personal ethics and political necessity. Through close textual analysis and contextual discussion of other plays in the series, this piece demonstrates how shot patterns and spatial and performative devices in 'Absolute Beginners' supported the drama's socialist-humanist and feminist themes. Drawing on existing writing about the studio mode, it argues that the qualities of intimacy and presentational distance that it engendered were highly appropriate for the personal and the political dialectic in 'Absolute Beginners'. While using authorship as a convenient category for referring to the coherence of Griffiths' thematic c...


An infrared phase-shifting interferometric system has been developed at the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center. It is a compact, self-contained, easy to align and operate, next generation optical shop instrument. The principle applications for an infrared interferometer are: 1) inspection of infrared materials in transmission for index homogeneity and internal defects, 2) interferometry of surfaces, such as an asphere, whose slopes are too steep for the fringes to be resolved by a visible interferometer, and 3) interferometry of surfaces that are too rough to be tested at visible wavelengths. The advantages of operating an infrared interferometer in the phase-shifting mode are: 1) improved wavefront phase measurement accuracy and resolution 2) the measurement is independent of the beam irradiance distribution and the interferogram fringe contrast, and 3) the wavefront can be sampled and analyzed rapidly over a large two dimensional area.


The purpose of this research is based on the energy use in buildings which takes up about 25% of the country in this high inflated society. Therefore, the need of strengthening the promotion of effective use of energy is becoming prominent, and especially windows and doors are seen as the parts which generates the biggest loss of energy. Amongst of all, due to the increase of the rate of sizes in windows, we are facing with lots of windows and doors fragile in its use. We have searched for the types, prices and heat flowing rate of each of the glasses and frames through the pre-research on industrial building, and after the application of changing the amount from previous standard duplex window to Low-E glass, 3 layed Low-E glass, aluminum frames and PVC frames, we have proceeded the simulation by using the web tools to assure the effectiveness on energy savings. Also, by using the prices of windows and flames, we have derived the best window systems and compared the major systems in its use of effective energy and in the perspective of economy, to find out which system would be most appropriate.


Modeling radiation coefficient is important because radiation coefficient transits from theoretical to average value at the frequency range that is important for structures. We have investigated the records of the 2000 Western Tottori Earthquake and modeled frequency and hypocentral distance dependent radiation coefficient. We modeled the radiation coefficient as a weighted average of the theoretical and average radiation coefficient and the weighting coefficient is modeled so that it depends on frequency and hypocentral distance. We propose a weighting coefficient alpha expressed as α =exp(- π fr/Q R V S ). This means that the radiation coefficient approaches to the average value as the number of waves between the hypocenter and a station increases. Q R is a coefficient that determines the dependence on frequency and hypocentral distance. In this study, we apply the model to smaller earthquakes in order to eliminate the effect of complex source process that prevents from setting one theoretical radiation coefficient for each station.


The second generation strategy for the total synthesis of brevetoxin B (1) is presented. According to this •strategy, the heptacyclic (ABCDEFG) phosphonium iodide 4 and the tricyclic (UK) aldehyde 3 were defined as the precursors for the brevetoxin B skeleton. The Yamaguchi lactonization was successfully applied for the formation of the (EFG) and (DEFG) lactones (15 -* 7) and (29 6), respectively. The required appendage on ring (E) was efficiently introduced via a Murai coupling, involving addition of a higher order organocuprate derived from iodide 20 to the lactone-derived enol triflate 16 (16 — 25). The minor epimer of the resulting product 6fi was then converted to the desired isomer 6 a via hydrogenation using an Ir(I) catalyst. A number of approaches were considered for further elaboration of lactone 6. Among them a convienient Cr/Ni-promoted coupling' reaction was developed and applied to the introduction of the side chain on ring D. The scope and generality of this reaction was examined with a variety of aldehydes (e.g., 39, 59, and 62). Construction of 38 was thus achieved from vinyl triflate 36 and the ring B aldehyde 39. However, the projected intramolecular Michael addition (41 — ■ 1 42) and reductive hydroxy ketone cyclization (47 48) failed to yield ring C. Fetizon cyclization afforded the pentacyclic lactone (CDEFG) (51 — * 52), which resisted further useful functionalization, Using the more elaborate aldehyde 62, the Cr/Ni coupling reaction afforded allylic alcohol 64, which then served as a precursor to the pentacyclic lactol 80. The latter compound also resisted advancement to more elaborate intermediates, leading to abandonment of this approach and the formulation of a new strategy.


The annual production of olive fruits in Jordan is about 105,000 tons producing more than 80,000 tons of solid waste annually. Olive mills solid waste (OMW) contains 94% organic matter and, therefore, can be highly beneficial to agricultural soil. However, olive waste contains oil that may increase soil hydrophobicity and decrease water retention and infiltration rate. In this research, the impact of OMW on water retention, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and capillary rise of three soils, loam, clay loam, and dune sand, has been investigated under laboratory conditions. Application of OMW resulted in an increase in water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity but caused a decrease in capillary rise and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for all soils tested. The increase in water retention has been observed at all levels of pressure potential and was significantly different at 3 bars or higher. The highest increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity occurred at 4% application rate at which about 300%, 200%, and only 12% increase was observed for loam, clay loam, and dune sand, respectively. Application of OMW caused a significant decrease in the capillary rise ranging from 11.5% for dune sand to 70% for clay loam soil. Capillary rises were inversely related to the OMW treatment level for all soils tested.


Applicability of four empirical phosphorus models to 22 western lakes is investigated. The models by Jones and Bachman, and Walker show significant agreement with observed phosphorus concentrations as indicated by the Spearman correlation of 0.809 and 0.812 respectively. The values calculated by the other two models by Dillon and Kirchner, show poor correlation with observed data. Vollenweider type classification charts are also derived for the four models. Although all the models show some degree of disagreement with the EPA National Eutrophication Survey trophic classifications, the models by Walker, and Jones and Bachman can be used for predicting a first cut estimate of total phosphorus for lakes low in nutrients.


Chlorophytum boomense (Agavaceae), a local endemic from southern Namibia, is found to be morphologically indistinguishable from C. namaquense, which ranges from southern Namibia to central Namaqualand, and is consequently synonymised in that species.


The antioxidative properties (effectivenss F and activity A)of the positional isomers quercetin and morin, and α-tocopherol were studied in the concentration range 0.003-0.04 wt % during oxidation of pure triacylglycerols of sunflower oil(TGSO) at ambientand high temperatures. It was established that quercetin is more active antioxidant than morin at both temperatures. With increasing temperature F of quercetin, morin and α-tocopherol in TGSO increased. At 22°C A of quercetin is higher than A of α-tocopherol. At 90°C and concentrations above 4.4x10 -4 M A of quercetin became higher than that of α-tocopherol, and morin possessed the lowest activity


Examines the role of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the constitutional law mechanism of ensuring sovereignty of the Russian Federation. Sets the conditions of application of the decisions of the European Court of human rights in Russia and the procedure by which the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has the right to determine compliance with the decisions of the ECHR with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.


PURPOSE: A separable test tube comprising first, second, and third tubes for a centrifuge is provided to enable an operator to separate the third tube from the whole test tube after the centrifugation, thereby preventing the separated supernatant from being re-mixed. CONSTITUTION: A separable test tube for a centrifuge comprises a first tube, second tube(300), third tube, first watertight member, second watertight member, first packing, and a second packing. The first tube comprises a first joint(210) with a first screw thread thereon, and a second joint(230), where an adjusting portion is mounted and fixed. The second tube comprises a first body with a first packing coupler formed thereon, and a third joint(310) including a third screw thread and second groove on its outer circumference. The third tube includes a second space, second body with a second packing coupler thereon, and a fourth joint with a fourth screw thread engaged with the second screw thread.


The Earth Observation planning community has access to tools that can propagate orbits and compute coverage of Earth observing imagers with customizable shapes and orientation, model the expected Earth Reflectance at various bands, epochs and directions, generate simplified instrument performance metrics for imagers and radars, and schedule single and multiple spacecraft payload operations. We are working toward integrating existing tools to design a planner that allows commercial small spacecraft to assess the opportunities for cross-calibration of their sensors against current satellite to be calibrated, specifications of the reference instruments, sensor stability, allowable latency between calibration measurements, differences in viewing and solar geometry between calibration measurements, etc. The planner would output cross-calibration opportunities for every reference target pair as a function of flexible user-defined parameters. We use a preliminary version of this planner to inform the design of a constellation of transfer radiometers that can serve as stable, radiometric references for commercial sensors to cross-calibrate with. We propose such a constellation for either vicarious cross-calibration using pre-selected sites, or top of the atmosphere (TOA) cross-calibration globally. Results from the calibration planner applied to a subset of informed architecture designs show that a 4 sat constellation provides multiple calibration opportunities within half a day planning horizon, for Cubesat sensors deployed into a typical rideshare orbits. While such opportunities are available for cross calibration image pairs within 5 deg of solar or view directions, and with-in an hour (for TOA) and less than a day (vicariously), the planner allows us to identify many more by relaxing user-defined restrictions.


Obtaining optimal solutions for engineering design problems is often expensive because the process typically requires numerous iterations involving analysis and optimization programs. Previous research has shown that a near optimum solution can be obtained in less time by simulating a slow, expensive analysis with a fast, inexpensive neural network. A new approach has been developed to further reduce this time. This approach decomposes a large neural network into many smaller neural networks that can be trained in parallel. Guidelines are developed to avoid some of the pitfalls when training smaller neural networks in parallel. These guidelines allow the engineer: to determine the number of nodes on the hidden layer of the smaller neural networks; to choose the initial training weights; and to select a network configuration that will capture the interactions among the smaller neural networks. This paper presents results describing how these guidelines are developed.


We view conformal surfaces in the 4‐sphere as quaternionic holomorphic curves in quaternionic projective space. By constructing enveloping and osculating curves, we obtain new holomorphic curves in quaternionic projective space and thus new conformal surfaces. Applying these constructions to Willmore surfaces, we show that the osculating and enveloping curves of Willmore spheres remain Willmore.


When I first heard Dr. Zbigniew Czyrny present his paper on the ultrasonography of muscles at the International Radiology Conference in Warsaw in 2009, I wondered why it had taken so long for anyone to point out the error in our understanding of the anatomy of the "musculotendinous" junction. New and sensational, his concept completely changes the way we regard the structure of striated muscle. On the basis of meticulous work described in his original paper "Muscles – histology, micro/macroanatomy and US anatomy, a brand new perspective"(1), Dr. Czyrny concludes that the tendinous structures of a muscle are continuous from the origin to the insertion, with the sole exception of those fibers of endomysium that anchor to the terminal myotendinous junctions at the beginning and end of the myofiber. He further contends that the tearing of muscle following overstretch injury always involves tendinous tissue (not, as previously and erroneously thought, the musculotendinous junction) and occurs at all levels of this tissue: tendon, core tendon, perimysium, and endomysium. The new view of muscle micro- and macroanatomy has practical implications for all stages of therapy and for determining prognosis. I am convinced that this revolutionary concept of the micro- and macroanatomy of striated muscles will be widely accepted by anatomists, radiologists, and orthopedic surgeons, and will greatly benefit patients presenting with injuries to the musculoskeletal system.


Lakes and Rivers in East Africa have varied stable isotopic compositions. Lakes exhibit enriched delta13-C values (-2 to +5%), while their inflowing rivers show depleted values (-15 to -8%). Hot springs and standing pools of water have intermediate values. Some small lakes are extremely variable in delta18-0 or deltaD (+2 to +8% and +20 to +40%, respectively for Lake Naivasha), whereas larger lakes are relatively constant for long periods of time (+5.6 to 6.1 and +36 to 40, respectively for Lake Turkana). Isotopic values are unrelated to salinity for comparison between lakes. Stable isotopes also reveal the sources of hot spring discharges: the Kapedo hot springs probably originate from Maralel and not from Lake Baringo as local legend has it; the hot springs north of Lake Naivasha are of meteoric origin while those to the south of Lake Naivasha have similar isotopic compositions to Lake Naivasha.


The popliteal region presents a wide range of vascular anomalies. The correct diagnosis of these anatomical variations plays a key role in success of diverse surgical procedures. In this context, the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of the anatomic patterns of the popliteal artery branches in a sample of present Spaniard population. This is a retrospective single-center study. 1633 (97.72%) computed tomography angiography images of the popliteal artery branches were studied from a total sample of 840 Spaniard subjects that underwent a computed tomography angiography study, 695 males (82.73%) and 145 women (17.26%), aged between 18 and 97 years. The applied statistics were multivariate models for repeated measures, Student's t-test, and Pearson's chi-square test. Our results show that the Kim's et al. (1989) IA ("normal" pattern) was observed in 1507 limbs (92.28%), while the IB and IC were observed in 24 (1.46%) and 6 (0.36%) limbs respectively. The IIA-1 and IIA-2 patterns were observed in 19 (1.16%) and 27 (1.65%) subjects, while the IIB and IIC in 15 (0.91%) and 1 (0.06%) subjects. Finally, the IIIA, IIIB, IIIC patterns were observed in 24 (1.46%), 5 (0.30%) and 5 (0.30%) subjects respectively. There were no significant differences between men and women, nor between the right and left limbs. In conclusion, approximately 8% of Spaniard subjects present branching anatomic patterns of the popliteal artery different of the normal IA pattern, thus it should be taken into account in clinical practice.


Quality of life (QOL) has been developing in the field of IDD since the early 1980s, and ever since there have been research, models, and theoretical constructs along with many recommendations. Ignored in its early development, QOL is now seen as important for support and intervention. The research has resulted in new insights yet there remain many challenges, three of which are discussed in this article. (1) Much QOL research requires the acceptance of parent and allied commentary that is regarded as subjective and frequently carries less weight than objective evidence. This can raise questions across disciplines regarding the validity and therefore the value of QOL in the field of research, practice, and policy. (2) Family quality of life (FQOL) research, which is an outgrowth of QOL in IDD, has resulted in a number of questions concerning our perception and management of family challenges. One is our understanding or lack of understanding of the process of inclusion, which is discussed suggesting the need for a much more clear articulation of exclusion and inclusion and its relevance to research and application within a QOL context. (3) QOL involves an holistic approach and much of this approach has been researched and applied in the field of IDD. It is posited in this article that the QOL approach should now be seen as a paradigm for research, policy, and intervention in which other procedures can be explored and addressed. To do so the paradigm requires further development and integration and an understanding of its specificity and breadth of potential application. Each of these issues is discussed and recommendations are put forward for action under the headings of Perceptual and Objective Data, Education of Personnel, Further Research and Application, and Policy Integration.


Objective: Assessment of a volumetric method versus gold standard unidimensional measurement based on RECIST 1.1 in advanced renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) treated by immunotherapy.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively recorded the CT data of 14 adult patients treated with immunotherapy for metastatic RCC from February 2016 to January 2018. Follow-up CT scanners were independently reviewed by two radiologists. Unidimensional RECIST 1.1 and volumetric measurements were compared at each time point, with a total of 810 measurements performed for statistical analysis. The main criterion was the inter-observer agreement for each method. The secondary criterion was the tumoral response assessment based on three different items: RECIST 1.1, spherical volumetric method, ellipsoidal volumetric method.
Results: Intraclass coefficient correlation in volumetric method (0.986 [95% CI: 0.980, 0.990]) was higher than in RECIST (0.903 [95% CI: 0.861, 0.928]). Relative measurement differences with Bland and Altman plot were lower in the volumetric method with shorter limits of agreement (0.8%; upper LOA95%: 36.5; lower LOA95%: −35), versus those in RECIST (-5.1 % (upper LOA95%: 46; lower LOA95%: −57). The volumetric method (especially the ellipsoidal one) assesses the progression disease earlier than RECIST for 57% of patients, but there is no formal difference for partial response assessment.
Conclusion: Volumetric assessment for tumoral response in metastatic RCC compared to unidimensional measurements had a higher inter-observer agreement and might predict disease progression earlier.


Mobility and access to web contents and services from any place having an Internet connection are both advantages of using mobile devices like mobile phones, PDAs, smartphones, ultra mobile PCs or ultra low cost PCs. But also new questions arise, mainly related to contents accessibility through that kind of devices: their characteristics, connections and the way people connect to the Internet in motion generate different requirements. Therefore we must question whether it is necessary to adapt web interfaces to such circumstances also in libraries, that find new possibilities to develop new services.