HARRISON and SOUTHAM (1991) point out the many benefits of magnetic gradiometry including the enhancement of short-wavelength (nearby) anomalies relative to long-wavelength (far away) anomalies, and the heavy attenuation of diurnal or magnetic storm variations usually present in total-field measurements. In addition, they point out that gradient profiles, like field component profiles, can be used to test for anomaly linearity and strike angle. HARRISON and SOUTHAM (1991) propose using a SQUID gradiometer to measure the gradient tensor components due to crustal sources and suggest that SQUID gradiometers can be made sensitive enough to measure sea-floor spreading anomalies from orbiting satellites.We believe that all of the benefits attributed to tensor gradiometry can be obtained with total-field gradiometry as well. First we will describe the capabilities of existing gradiometer systems, then we will describe how they can be used to obtain the same information as SQUID gradiometers.


The first and strongest impression one has of Mulan is that it was a box-office disaster in China. After seeing it, however, one feels light and relaxed; it is quite pleasant to watch. I hear that the reasons for its disastrous performance are twofold: First, there was a problem with screening slots, and second, the Chinese disliked it. As far as this "dislike" is concerned, I think that is a matter of mental attitude. When I see an animated film, irrespective of its subject matter, form, or main ideological content, the first thing I want from it is lightness and relaxation.


A multi-cusp DC H− ion source has been developed for cyclotrons in medical use. Beam optics of the H− ion beam is studied using a 2D beam trajectory code. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results obtained in the Mark I source, which has produced up to 16 mA H− ion beams. The optimum extraction voltages show good agreement between the calculation and the experimental results. A new ion source, Mark II source, is designed to achieve the next goal of producing an H− beam of 20 mA. The magnetic field configurations and the plasma electrode design are optimized for Cs-seeded operation. Primary electron trajectory simulation shows that primary electrons are confined well and the magnetic filter prevents the primary electrons from entering into the extraction region.A multi-cusp DC H− ion source has been developed for cyclotrons in medical use. Beam optics of the H− ion beam is studied using a 2D beam trajectory code. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results obtained in the Mark I source, which has produced up to 16 mA H− ion beams. The optimum extraction voltages show good agreement between the calculation and the experimental results. A new ion source, Mark II source, is designed to achieve the next goal of producing an H− beam of 20 mA. The magnetic field configurations and the plasma electrode design are optimized for Cs-seeded operation. Primary electron trajectory simulation shows that primary electrons are confined well and the magnetic filter prevents the primary electrons from entering into the extraction region.


Experimental work to: (a) determine em field characteristics associated with em radiation created by alternating current flowing through toroidal coils at resonant frequencies, and (b) determine if the specially conditioned em fields associated with such radiation could cause a discernable gravity modification, is described. This experimental work was the result of collaboration between Flight Unlimited (FU) and Hathaway Consulting Services (HCS), performed at the laboratories of HCS in Toronto, Canada during a test period in 1998 and during a test period in 2000. Tested torrid configurations included: circular toroids with differing diameters and winding densities; and asymmetrical toroids for focusing em radiation into narrower and more intense beams. The toroid configurations and the AC power and instrumentation systems available at HCS limited the experimental work to the relatively low radio frequencies (400 kHz to 110 MHZ) of the electromagnetic spectrum.


Ab s tr a c t In this contribution w e utiliz e recent advances in feature coding strategies for a hierarchical N eocognitron-like neural architecture, w hich can be used for invariant recognition of natural visual stimuli like objects or faces. Several researchers have identi ed that sparseness is an important coding principle for learning receptive eld pro les that resemble response properties of simple cells in visual cortex. How ever, an ongoing discussion is concerned w ith the question w hether sparseness should be imposed on the latent variables n as implicitly done in ICA or Sparse Coding n or if it should rather be imposed directly on the feature matrix. Since answ ers to this question have so far not been unique and w ere rather qualitative in nature, this paper investigates the tw o possibilities by applying a recently introduced algorithm for N on-negative Matrix Factoriz ation w ith Sparseness Constraints (N MFSC) to feature learning in a hierarchical recognition netw ork. For this netw ork, w e compare recognition performance on several dif cult image datasets under varying sparseness settings.


Recent trends in the avionics industry have focused on the use of commercial-off-the-shelf electronic components for specialized system applications. Deviating from the conventional concept of high performance at any cost, the idea of producing avionics optoelectronic modules at a low cost-to-performance ratio (or high performance-to-cost ratio) is emerging. Laminate based/Chip-on-Board multichip module interconnect (MCM-L/COB) technology is a robust and flexible packaging approach which has demonstrated its effectiveness in low-cost consumer electronics for many years, and is rapidly finding acceptance in high performance electronics applications. In this paper, we present our results on the development of ARINC 636 compatible Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) fiber-optic transmitter and receiver modules using MCM-L/COB packaging technology. These modules are equivalent to the industry standard FDDI modules in footprint, but they are required to function with higher performance and be able to operate under more severe environmental conditions than commercial grade components. Through a careful MCM-L design layout and optical subassembly (OSA) selection process, we have demonstrated COB FDDI transmitter and receiver modules that exhibit excellent results over the temperature range of -40 to 110/spl deg/C. Our test results show that the transmitter minimum average output power is about -13 dBm over the operating temperature range. This is 3 dB better than the standard commercial grade FDDI transmitters. Operating at 125 Mb/s, an overall link margin greater than 22 dB can be achieved by these high performance MCM-L/COB optoelectronic modules.


Risk tolerance is the risk levels that you able to tolerance/acceptance. It is one of the important factors for both investment managers and investors to make investment decisions. However, understanding and measuring of personal investment risk tolerance is not a simple process. Therefore, this research attempts to measure Malaysian investment risk tolerance and determine the factors that affect Malaysian investment risk tolerance for retirement plans. Besides that, the purposes of this study was to study the relationships between financial risk tolerance and factors of age, gender, education level, income level, investment goals, and investment time horizon. In the research, the data analysis will use descriptive statistics analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and significant test by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results of Pearson correlation coefficient, and significant test indicated that age, income level and investment goals had the significant relationships with financial risk tolerance, although gender, education level and investment goals had no significant effect on financial risk tolerance.


ehv dc has come into prominence in recent years as a possible economical means of bulk power transmission. Present systems, such as the proposed Pacific Northwest Southwest Intertie, consist of two converter terminals interconnected by a dc transmission line. The source terminal rectifies power from the ac system to dc while the load terminal inverts incoming dc power to ac. Either converter terminal may be used as a rectifier or inverter, depending upon the power system needs. Direct current power interties have the inherent advantages of being a non-synchronous tie between ac sources, controlling power flow for stability, and not adding to the short circuit capacity of either system.


Recent technological advances have enabled the generation of various omic data (e.g., genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and glycomics) in a high-throughput manner. The integration of multi-omic data sets is desirable to unravel the complexity of a biological system. In this paper, we propose a new approach to investigate both inter and intra relationships for multi-omic data sets by using regularized canonical correlation analysis and graphical lasso. The application of this novel approach on real multi-omic data sets helps identify hub proteins and their neighbors that may be missed by typical statistical analysis to serve as biomarker candidates. Also, the integration of data from various cellular components (i.e., proteins, metabolites and glycans) offers the potential to discover more reliable biomarker candidates for complex disease.


The production in Tunisia and the Republic of Congo was not affected by any direct activities at the fields during the month. The commissioning of the Aseng Field in Equatorial Guinea is ongoing as planned.


This article suggests that, in the wake of the events of September 11th, it would be an error for sociologists and political analysts to concentrate on revisions of economic and political theory while not paying equal attention to the moral tensions between Islamic and Western cultures. It proposes that economic and geopolitical research be expanded to include bilateral studies of Western and Islamic conceptions of morality and standards of right and wrong. The argument is based on the proposition that certain Western liberal attitudes threaten Islamic peoples' commitment to the traditional family, thereby delaying conflict resolution and providing terrorists with additional venues for "justifying" their acts.


Some of the uncertainties in applying survival curves from tissue-culture studies to the prediction of survival probabilities for the treatment of malignant melanoma have been reported previously (Zeitz and McDonald, 1978). An additional uncertainty, which would apply in general in the application of in vitro single-cell survival curves in making probability estimates for tumour cell survival with fractionated doses, can be understood from the consideration of two survival curves for Harding-Passey mouse melanoma. Figure 1 shows data originally obtained by Dewey (1971) and later by Dewey and Field (1975) with cells repeatedly subcultured from the same cell line.


Provided is a biodegradable polyester resin composition, which is superior in biodegradability, mechanical strength, and a barrier property against oxygen, organic solvent, and moisture and produces biodegradable articles having a barrier property. The biodegradable polyester composition having a barrier property is obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of a biodegradable polyester resin with 1-60 parts by weight of a nano composite of a polylactic acid and a layered clay compound to be dried, wherein the biodegradable polyester resin consists of an aliphatic polyester resin and an aliphatic/aromatic polyester resin. A weight ratio of the polylactic acid and layered clay compound in the nano composite is 58.0:42.0 to 99.9:0.1.


Social scientists have long noticed that firms engaged in the same business tend to be co-located with each other in a small number of separate places. This phenomenon was labeled as "economies of agglomeration" by Alfred Marshall (1920) in his neo-classical Principles of Economics. More recently, the term "industrial cluster" – defined as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular field – was coined (Porter, 1998). Whatever it is labeled13, the phenomenon of geographic concentration has attracted much attention from different social science disciplines over the past centuries. From the economic perspective, firms co-locating with each other obtain economic gains by sharing exclusive input factors such as transportation convenience (Von Thunen, 1826), natural resources (Hoover, 1948, 1968), skilled labors (Weber, 1909), specialized suppliers, knowledge spillover etc. (Marshall, 1920; Krugman, 1991b). This perspective generally posits that clustered firms outperform their non-clustered counterparts due to exclusive economic gains from co-location. Thus, geographic concentration persists because clustered firms are more likely to survive than non-clustered ones. In contrast, sociologists suggest that persistence of geographic concentration is because there are more new firms founded within the cluster (Stuart and Sorenson, 2003; Sorenson and Stuart, 2001; Sorenson and Audia, 2000), not because clustered firms outperformed non-clustered firms. This rationale assumes that potential entrepreneurs within an industrial cluster enjoy interpersonal social networks and therefore are more likely to observe and explore entrepreneurial opportunities than those who stay outside of the industrial cluster. Thus, higher founding rates of startups, not lower death rates, sustain industrial clusters (See Table1). TABLE 1 Assumptions, explanations, and predictions of the two rationales Assumption Explanation Prediction The economic rationale Heterogeneity of interpersonal social networks in different geographic locations. · People within an industrial cluster are more likely to observe and explore entrepreneurial opportunities than those who stay outside the industrial cluster. · Founding rate of firms is higher within an industrial cluster than outside the cluster. Geographic concentration persists


This paper use a method which combines phoneme-match and n-gram model, to understand the voice commands. The commands are classified according to the struct, and to have the means through pick -up the key factors. Phoneme-match method can pick-up all or part of the key factors; for the unrecognized factors in the commands, we can adopt the ameliorative n-gram model and according to those already recognized factors to speculate them. The experiment shows the method obtain a good effect, and take a progress than before.


To study the electrophysiology of gastrointestinal tract during fasting, eating, and fed states in long-term, development of gastric implants with an adaptive wireless power transfer is inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to develop a miniature implantable system that can simultaneously record the bioelectrical activity of the gastric system and pace the gut in freely-behaving rodents, e.g., mice and rats. The system transmits the digitized gastric data to a stationary unit through a far-field 2.4 GHz bidirectional communication link and receives back the stimulation configurations instructed by the user, in real-time. In addition, an under-the-cage charging unit establishes an inductive near-field 13.56 MHz wireless power and data transfer with the implantable system and in presence of the body movements and stomach motility of the subject, delivers a constant power to the implant through a closed-loop system. The benchtop validation of the system showed appropriate frequency response of the analog conditioning circuit in the range of 16 mHz to 1.6 Hz and the capability of the implant to generate monophasic and biphasic electrical pulses at amplitudes and frequencies up to ±10 mA and 10 kHz, respectively. In addition, it was demonstrated that the charging unit can generate an adjustable output power between 100 mW and 1000 mW and provide a constant rectified voltage of 3.8 V at the implant.


Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in UC patients in comparison with healthy subjects using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Methods: In this case-control study, five biopsies of patients with UC and 30 healthy people as controls were selected. Sampling was performed by endoscopic biopsy operation. After DNA extraction, PCR was used to determine EBV genome by specific primers. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: The results of PCR indicated that EBV genome was detected in 60.0% of samples in the case group, and 36.7% of samples in the control group were positive for EBV. Thus, no significant association was observed between the prevalence of EBV and incidence of UC in comparison with the control group (P = 0.36). Conclusion: The findings presented herein demonstrate no direct molecular evidence to support an association of EBV with UC. These results, do not exclude the possibility oncogenic role of EBV to infect the different colon cell.


It is generally accepted among scientists that cellular aging is an irreversible process that is poorly understood. Several theories, including telomere shortening, mitotic misregulation, free radical theory and many others, have been proposed as possible explanations for this phenomenon. Recently, Bennett-Baker et al [3], observed a correlation between the reactivation of genes on inactive X-chromosomes and age in female mice. Motivated by these studies, we propose two mathematical models to investigate the progression of aging at the cellular level. In the first approach, we study the dynamics of aging using a discrete time dynamical system based on competition between "noisy" and "noise-free" cells. Our preliminary results suggest the existence of three different qualitative outcomes. These outcomes are best described by exclusion and coexistence, where coexistence occurs under two dynamically distinct scenarios. In order to incorporate a more biologically accurate framework, we also consider a stage-structured model that incorporates stage dependent vital rates. These are important as the rates change with the accumulation of "noise".


The paper reports the findings of one of the cycles in an educational action research conducted with 37 future pre-school and primary school teachers who are taking a mandatory action research based study course "Environmental Pedagogy" in a regional university. The authors explore the following research question: what dimensions of ecological attitude are discernible in pre-service teachers' experience-based reflections on this issue. Reflection on the research participants' experiences occurred in two ways: (a) formally as individual reflection and peer discussions in pairs, held during practical seminars in the autumn semester of the year 2010 and (b) informally, during the time between the classes when the students contemplated the ideas triggered and the insights they had gained so far. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data drawn from the research participants' written reports about their reflections on ecological attitude. A holistic, multi-dimensional frame of reference was identified that outlines the research participants' interpretation of the concept of ecological attitude. However, on the individual level only some research participants' frames of reference included all four of these dimensions. A considerable part of pre-service teachers were found to have three-dimensional, two-dimensional and even one-dimensional perspectives on ecological attitude. Furthermore, the behavioural and axiological dimensions were found to be slightly more pronounced than the cognitive and affective dimensions. It is argued that, in working with future teachers, it is necessary to specifically target the affective and cognitive dimensions of their frames of reference, focusing on the beliefs and emotions embedded in their experience to foster a more holistic ecological attitude. Educational action research with its commitment to reflection on experience can assist in engaging pre-service teachers in critical exploration and, potentially, transformation of their frames of reference.


We present two computing projects, peridynamics simulation and numerical integration on implicit domains, for which we realized high performance implementations using Python with appropriate packages. The problems are sufficiently compute intensive that a straightforward serial implementation is prohibitively slow. While conventional wisdom suggests moving such problems onto a computing cluster, we very directly produced high-performance parallel implementations that effectively perform the computing tasks on a single GPU. For the peridynamics application, the only package needed in addition to Numpy is Numba whose just-in-time compiler allows us to write kernel functions in Python and compile them to run in parallel on a CUDA-enabled GPU. Our approach to numerical integration on implicit domains invokes two additional packages to support interval arithmetic and dynamic parallelism to enable tree-structured recursive refinement. Use of Python (with only kernels requiring dynamic parallelism written in C) enabled rapid development of concise code that successfully achieves significant performance enhancement.


UNICEF is the largest contributor of vaccines to the developing world. Under the framework of Global Polio Eradication Initiative, UNICEF has deployed a strategic approach called the Communication for Development (C4D) approach that utilizes community engagement to effectively disseminate the oral polio vaccine (OPV). UNICEF stresses how the C4D approach results in the structuring and implementation of programs that reflect the community's thoughts and actions. Documents focused on the existing C4D approach in Pakistan were analyzed to see how themes of community knowledge are relayed according to document type and level. Based on the various levels of documentation (ranging from a qualitative study of community thoughts to briefs presented to UNICEF experts), it appears that while community ideas surrounding OPV and Polio are at first recorded in their full nuance, this complex information is lost at the highest level of documentation. This points to a cultural of optimism that may be obstructive to critical and strategic thinking. Disciplines Anthropology | Public Health This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses/2 1 THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CULTURE OF UNICEF IN RESPONSE TO POLIO ERADICATION EFFORTS By Sarah Albala In Anthropology Submitted to the Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Thesis Advisor: Adriana Petryna 2015


Thromboembolic conditions are the leading cause of mortality, estimated to account for 1 in 4 deaths worldwide in 2010. Over time, the incidence and mortality rates of these conditions have improved in developed countries, but are increasing in developing countries. The haemostatic system comprises 6 main components, i.e. ( i ) platelets; ( ii ) vascular endothelium; ( iii ) coagulation proteins; ( iv ) natural anticoagulants; ( v ) the fibrinolytic system; and ( vi ) natural antifibrinolytic factors. A delicate balance exists between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors within the vascular system. Numerous acquired or inherited conditions may tip the balance either way, i.e. towards a prothrombotic or prohaemorrhagic state. In this issue of CME, the first of a 2-part series on thrombophilic disorders, the subject of discussion is on inherited varieties that the general practitioner is likely to encounter. This review is primarily based on venous thrombosis.


Abstract Fracture stress of a commercial pasta product containing 8.4 g/100 g (d.b.) moisture was measured between 293 and 343 K by a Rheometrics Solids Analyser II (RSA). Samples, each shaped as a strip of 0.8 × 2.0 × 32.0 mm, were uniaxially tensioned at controlled oxcillatory strain rate until fracture occurred to determine the maximum tensile fracture stress. Arrhenius plots of data obtained at different temperatures showed that there is no appreciable temperature dependency, and the average value was approximately 3.3 MPa.


A thermoresponsive Fe-Co based discrete Prussian blue analogue (PBA) with the general formula [Fe(Tp)(CN)3]2[Co{en(Bn)py}]2(ClO4)2·4MeOH·4H2O i.e. [1·4MeOH·4H2O] is reported, which discloses a sharp and high temperature ETCST along with a wide hysteresis of 10 K observed for its desolvated complex 1.


Through acid-leaching treatment, the degree of hydrophobicity of a zeolite β can be controlled in a broad range. As the treatment time increases, the nanopore surface can change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, leading to the formation of an infiltration plateau in sorption isotherm curve. The infiltration pressure and hysteresis are dependent on the testing temperature. As temperature rises, the effective degree of hydrophobicity is lowered, while the defiltration is much more pronounced.


This chapter deals with the efforts of the Spanish Empire during the eighteenth century for understanding the flows that allegedly shaped its economic, legal, and strategic needs and the possibilities of managing them. It explores how this led to questions about the discontinuities, stagnations, thresholds, and interstitial spaces of liminality and transition in medical, geological, political or commercial contexts. By analyzing three cases where environments (anatomical, architectonic, and industrial, respectively) were articulated around liminal spaces, it unveils how the Empire's epistemic framework came to conceive environments as complex sets of interrelated milieux and necessary discontinuities.


Collective excitations of rotating dusty plasma are analyzed under the quasi localized charge approximation (QLCA) framework for strongly coupled systems by explicitly accounting for the dust rotation in the analysis. Considering the firm analogy of magnetoplasmons with "rotoplasmons" established by the recent rotating dusty plasma experiments, the relaxation introduced by the rotation in their strong coupling and 2-dimensional (often introduced by gravitational sedimentation) characteristics is emphasized in their dispersion. Finite rotation version of both strong and weak coupling dispersions is derived and analyzed, showing correspondence between a 'faster rotating but weakly coupled' branch and its strongly coupled counterpart, relevant to both magnetized and unmagnetized dust experiments, in gravity or microgravity conditions. The first correspondence between their measurements in rotating plasmas and the QLCA produced dispersions in a rotating frame, with an independent numerical validation, is presented in detail.


Based on the definition of ocean culture,the paper analyses four developing stages of the relation between the ocean and the Minnan(the southern part of Fujian province)people.And also probes into the ocean culture characteristics by discussing the folk belief,production mores and the catering convention of the Minnan region.


Abstract : Results of tensile tests on specimens of CIP/HIP P-1 beryllium previously prestressed into the plastic range are presented. Two types of prior deformation are considered, a plastic precompression and a plastic pretension followed by plastic compression. Data from tests involving levels of prestress between 40 and 55 ksi (276 and 379 MPa) show no reduction in the uniaxial tensile strain to failure as a result of prior plastic deformations as high as one percent. An increase in tensile flow stress is observed for the precompressed specimens. (Author)


We show existence of global solutions for the gravity water waves equation in dimension 3, in the case of small data. The proof combines energy estimates, which yield control of L 2 related norms, with dispersive estimates, which give decay in L 8 . To obtain these dispersive estimates, we use an analysis in Fourier space; the study of space and time resonances is then the crucial point.


A multi-instruction-multi-data stream computer architecture is presented which is aimed at supporting highly concurrent general-purpose computation. The proposed machine is organised as a set of autonomous resources, each having direct access to a common intercommunication medium which is implemented as a rotating ring. The machine language is based on a generalised concept of control which provides an alternative to the data flow organisation for highly concurrent programming.
 The progress of a concurrent computation is characterised by the flow of packets of work through resources via the ring. This information flow is organised in such a way as to optimise concurrent operation of the resources and to simplify allocation and intercommunication. Initial simulation results are presented to show the feasibility of the architecture.


Aimed at the existing problems in the production of plastic greenhouse in south China,several countermeasures have been put forward after the exploration in the experiments.These countermeasures provided the profitable refference for promoting the production in plastic greenhouse in south China.


This article studies the ways in which China's growing role in the world economy and in Latin America affected Argentine-Chinese bilateral relations at the beginning of the current international economic crisis. Lessons can be learned from the ways in which different countries addressed the Great Depression of the 1930s.


To meet the spectrum demand of ever-increasing air traffic, OFDM based L-band (960-1164MHz) Digital Aeronautical Communication System (LDACS) was proposed for air to ground. The drawbacks linked with the existing OFDM based LDACS transceivers leads to the need of new flexible and efficient LDACS protocol. To fulfil the above mentioned requirements of this revised LDACS protocol, we have proposed a reconfigurable filtered OFDM (Ref-OFDM) based LLDACS. The proposed Ref-OFDM waveform enables transceivers to dynamically adapt the transmission bandwidth (uptp 732K) has the similar architecture as existing OFDM based LDACS fulfils the above mentioned requirements of the improved protocol. We support our claims via simulation comparison results for various realistic channel conditions.


The textural development and flow stress have been determined in compression and tension of copper (99.999%). For strains below 1.4 (compression) and 1.0 (tension) the textural development is in qualitative agreement with Taylor-model predictions, i.e. a maximum concentration at the 〈110〉 and 〈111〉


The invention relates to a cyclone having an upper cylindrical portion which opens into the wide end of the truncated cone portion of the lower primary air inlet is taken air in a substantially tangential manner with respect to the circumference of the cyclone There has been so, in the vicinity or top of the cylindrical portion has a discharge outlet, the outlet being features control valve can be partially or completely closed the discharge outlet. The secondary air inlet are features and the narrow end and airflow stabilizing unit of the truncated cone, the air flow stabilizing unit takes in the air flow substantially along the long axis of the cyclone, the more frustoconical portion It means for withdrawing the processed products is provided.


To improve interaction with CAD, we want to investigate the way people describe shape. Some research on this topic already exists, however, it can be expected that the way people describe shapes is different in different languages. A comparison was made between shape descriptions in English and Dutch. In general, the most frequently used description of a particular shape was the same in English and in Dutch. However, some shapes were described substantially different in both languages. About one third of the shapes was described differently; however,they contained words that could more or less be considered synonyms. A number of explanations of the different use of words are given, e.g. a word may be ambiguous in one language, or a word is considered rather formal in a particular language.


Abstract Aims: The present study was intended to examine how a particular client disclosure came about and what made it important to the client. Method: A client-identified significant therapy event involving disclosure of childhood abuse was analysed using Comprehensive Process Analysis (CPA), a qualitative interpretive method for examining the process, effects and context of significant events in therapy. Results: The analysis identified therapist invitation and client universalisation as the key elements of the disclosure event. The context analysis showed how the event linked to the client's symbolisation of her fear earlier in the session and in the previous session. The client gained insight into how the earlier abuse had affected her life, linking it to the victimisation that was her primary reason for seeking therapy, and to her relationship with her mother. The therapist facilitated the event by following up the client's hints, trusting the strength of the alliance, and staying close to the clien...


Background and Objective: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is comprised of severe electrolyte disturbances and metabolic abnormalities that occur after the reinstitution of nutrition to starved patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients aged over 18 years who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Taleghani and Emam hospitals in Urmia, Iran, during the first half of 2017. The included participants had the ICU stay of more than 48 h, were kept on nil per os, and were under nutritional support. The patients' serum levels of phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium were measured on the 1, 3, and 7 days of hospital stay. The frequency of RFS, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and the short-term outcomes of patients were obtained and compared. The patients with acute and chronic renal failure, cancer, previous gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases, and electrolyte disorder were excluded from the study. Results: The mean length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation were 35 and 28.5 days, respectively. The frequency of mortality among the patients was 36.96% (n=95). Furthermore, RFS, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia had the frequencies of 13.23%, 25.7%, 21.4%, and 37.7%, respectively. There were significant differences between the patients with RFS and those without RFS in terms of the body mass index, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and mortality


Micro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the study of multiple layered wall paints from the Rosalila temple, Copan, Honduras, which dates to the Middle Classic period (A.D. 520 to 655). Samples of red, green and grey paint and a thick white overcoating were analysed. The paint pigments have been identified as hematite, celadonite or green earth and a combined carbon/mica mixture. By combining Raman spectroscopy with micro-ATR infrared spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), a detailed study has been made of the materials and processes used to make the stucco and paints. The use of green earth as a green pigment on Maya buildings has not been reported before. The combination of carbon and muscovite mica to create a reflective paint is also a novel finding.


Objective
We aim to estimate the pathways between maternal symptoms of anxiety and depression and child nocturnal awakenings via structural equation modeling using a sibling design.

Methods
Structural equation modeling on data from 14,926 sibling dyads or triads from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Results
At 6 months, we estimated the association between maternal symptoms of anxiety and child nocturnal awakenings to be owing to several nonsignificant pathways. Child nocturnal awakenings at 18 months, however, were influenced by concurrent maternal symptoms of anxiety (β = .10) and depression (β = .12). Neither maternal symptoms of anxiety (β = .04) nor depression (β = -.00) was influenced by concurrent child nocturnal awakenings.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that maternal mental health influences child sleep behavior at 18 months after birth, and not vice versa. This is in support of hypotheses on maternal mental health influencing child sleep during toddlerhood.


The effects of sunflower seed on growth and reproduction performances of Kunming Mice(KM Mice) were studied to provide a reference for enhancing the growth and reproduction performances of KM Mice.The results showed that the growth performance had no significant difference between the feeding sunflower seed group(3 g,6 g and 12 g)and blank group.Litter size and number of weaning of the feeding 6 g sunflower seed group,the feeding 12 g sunflower seed group were 12.63 and 11.21,12.65 and 11.25 respectively.There were significant difference between these groups and the blank group,which increased 1.26 and 1.28,1.37 and 1.41 respectively.There was no significant difference between the feeding 6 g sunflower seed group and the feeding 12 g sunflower seed group.The need can be met when the KM Mice were feed 6 g sunflower seed twice a week in the reproductive period.


The configuration of urban areas plays a key role in its sustainability. Sustainable planning outcomes at local and regional level need support from urban planners and designers, segments of the civil society, stakeholders and authorities. Efficient and coherent planning needs comprehensive and verifiable outcomes on which to base their approaches and policymaking (Faludi and Waterhout 2006). Verifiable outcomes are able to become inputs for direct evaluations of urban policies. Quantitative and qualitative analyses and simulation tools should pragmatically sustain decisions. Particularly, quantitative methods need to be applied to many aspects of the urban structures. Density analyses are one of the aspects that need a careful look upon. Density primarily supports the relation between population dynamics and physical development, which constitutes a key factor of sustainable urban development. Residential capacity derives from population density and also plays an important role in analyses supporting planning Abstract. Urban planners, politicians and citizens need comprehensive and clear information in order to conduct or to get involved in successful evidence-based planning and policymaking. The objective to improve the quality of planning outcomes both at the local and regional level needs design mechanisms that can help verify and support urban planning approaches with quantitative analyses and simulation tools. While this issue has been explored through extensive literature on the topic, there is still plenty to research further, especially when dealing with the evaluation of plans, such as local plans of urban development, comprehensive plans, municipal studies or larger planning involving multiple municipal associations. The use of quantitative analyses may be applied to several aspects of the physical form, including connectivity, ecological system continuations, built structure conciseness and its urban boundary, urban tissue morphology, among others. Quantitative analyses completed by qualitative description and enriched with socio-cultural assessment can result in a comprehensive picture of an area's current and planned state. This paper presents our experience with mapping residential structure typologies in Lodz, Poland and its surroundings. This mapping assessed the existing residential densities and planned development capacities considering the area's demographic dynamics in the background. The method revision is completed by examples of open green space quality assessment.


The article entitled "Beyond Rewards and Punishments in the Brazilian Amazon: Practical Implications of the REDD+ Discourse" [1], published in the journal "Forests", provides an interesting analysis for evaluating the performance of payment for environmental services (PES) initiatives in the region.


The number of processors embedded in high performance computing platforms is growing daily to solve larger and more complex problems. Hence, parallel runtime environments have to support and adapt to the underlying platforms that require scalability and fault management in more and more dynamic environments. This dissertation aims to analyze, understand and improve the state of the art mechanisms for managing highly dynamic, large scale applications. This dissertation demonstrates that the use of new scalable and fault-tolerant topologies, combined with rerouting techniques, builds parallel runtime environments, which are able to efficiently and reliably deliver sets of information to a large number of processes. Several important graph properties are provided to illustrate the theoretical capability of these topologies in terms of both scalability and fault-tolerance, such as reasonable degree, regular graph, low diameter, symmetric graph, low cost factor, low message traffic density, optimal connectivity, low fault-diameter and strongly resilient. The dissertation builds a communication framework based on these topologies to support parallel runtime environments. Such a framework can handle multiple types of messages, e.g., unicast, multicast, broadcast and all-gather. Additionally, the communication framework has been formally verified to work in both normal and failure circumstances without creating any of the common problems such as broadcast storm, deadlock and non-progress cycle.


Different designs have been presented to achieve high concentration and uniformity for the concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system. Most of the designs have issues of low efficiency in terms of irradiance uniformity. To this end, we present a design methodology to increase irradiance uniformity over solar cell. The system consists of an eight-fold Fresnel lens as a primary optical element (POE) and an optical lens, which consists of eight parts, as a secondary optical element (SOE). Sunlight is focused through the POE and then light is spread over cell through the SOE. In the design, maximum sunlight is passed over cell by minimizing losses. Results have shown that the proposed CPV design gives good irradiance uniformity. The concentration module based on this novel design is a promising option for the development of a cost-effective photovoltaic solar energy generation. Keywords—solar concentrator; nonimaging optics, Fresnel lens; uniform irradiance; solar energy


In aircraft electric motor driven fuel delivery system, the motor must be characterized by high power density, reliability, less size, less weight and high speed. The high speed operation, fault tolerance, high power density makes switched reluctance motor an ideal candidate for high speed aerospace applications. This paper investigates the application potential of soft magnetic composite material (SOMALOY 500) in high-speed switched reluctance motor. Two configurations (1) all sheet metal (2) all Soft magnetic composite have been studied using finite element analysis to obtain their magnetic and thermal characteristics. The study reveals that the all soft magnetic composite configuration albeit suffers from poor average torque, digress in torque-to-weight ratio from conventional model is not very much and the temperature distribution estimation reveals that the all soft magnetic composite model has better thermal capabilities which makes it a viable alternative in high speed aerospace applications.


This article analyses the influence of accent on discrimination against immigrants by examining the hypothesis that accent leads to discrimination only in more prejudiced individuals, merely because people speaking with a native accent are perceived to be better qualified than those whose accent is non-standard. In Study 1 (N = 71), we found that only prejudiced individuals use accent to discriminate against immigrants. In Study 2 (N = 124), we replicated this effect and found that the influence of accent on discrimination is mediated by the perceived quality of the accent. Study 3 (N = 105) replicated the previous results even after controlling for the effect of stereotyping. These results are the first experimental illustration of the hypothesis that accent triggers intergroup discrimination only among prejudiced individuals because they evaluate native accents as being qualitatively better than accents of immigrants, thereby legitimizing ingroup bias.


The total energy balance of a system consisting of a bubble (radius 0.74 mm) freely rising in viscous liquid under the action of buoyancy was considered. Values of bubble acceleration, local and terminal velocities, and shape deformations calculated by numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equation are compared with experimentally determined values. Additionally, the energies of the system associated with bubble motion (kinetic, potential, and rate of viscous energy dissipation), obtained from simulations, are given. On the basis of energy balances obtained for the system, two independent relations describing the motion of a bubble (Lagrange and Joseph equations) were used to show that, for steady-state conditions, the constant (terminal) velocity of the bubble is a result of balance between buoyancy force and the drag originating from energy dissipation due to fluid viscosity. According to the calculations performed, the discrepancy between the expected and actual results of the Lagrange and Joseph equations for the system considered was ∼1 %. The estimated added mass coefficient was in close agreement with expected theoretical value for deformed spheres, and increased with decreasing tube radius.


An experiment was performed to investigate the combined effect of preservatives and the synergistic effect of sodium chloride to them on the inhibition of bacterial growth. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were cultured with or without shaking in liquid media (pH 6) of tryptone-glucose-yeast extract or tryptic soy broth which contained 0.1% potassium sorbate and/or 0.03% sodium benzoate, equivalent to half of the maximum permissible levels, respectively. The growth of E. coli was more inhibited with one or both of the two preservatives by shaking culture than by non-shaking culture. For S. typhimurium the single treatment of the preservatives did not show inhibitory effect whereas the combined treatment of them showed bacteriostatic effect in shaking culture and a prolongation of lag phase in non-shaking culture. Addition of 2% sodium chloride to either potassium sorbate or potassium sorbate plus sodium benzoate remarkably increased the growth inhibition of E. coli for non-shaking cultivation but no effect observed for shaking cultivation. S. typhimurium was more sensitive to the addition of sodium chloride than E. coli in both shaking and non-shaking culture to show lower viable cell counts than initial numbers.


There are some problems in the vegetation construction in the loess plateau region, such as the low rate of vegetation cover, the low survivorship and preservation rates of afforestation, and the low economic benefit. It can be done better if only the idea about ecological efficiency and tree species selection is changed. The great problems about vegetation construction are put forward.


Changes to cerebral miRNA expression have been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as miRNAs that regulate the expression of genes involved in amyloid beta (Aβ) processing are dysregulated in those that suffer from AD. Exercise training improves cognitive function and reduces Aβ plaque burden, however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Using our progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR) exercise program, which utilizes an unbalanced running wheel to promote physiological adaptations similar to those seen in humans, we assessed the effect of 20 weeks of voluntary exercise training on changes in cognitive function and hippocampal miRNA expression in female 5xFAD mice; a model that expresses human APP and PSEN1 transgenes with a total of five AD‐linked mutations. Two month old female 5xFAD mice were PoWeR trained for 20 weeks, running ~7km/day, while groups of female wild‐type (B6SJLF1/J) and 5xFAD served as sedentary controls. At the end of the training period, mice performed cognitive (Morris water maze, novel object recognition) and physical (rotor rod and balance beam) function tests. The hippocampus was removed to assess miRNA abundance via Nanostring and gene expression with RT‐qPCR. Exercise training improved cognitive and physical function, in addition to having a significant effect on the expression of the miRNA processing enzyme, Dicer. Specifically, Dicer was lower in sedentary 5xFAD hippocampus, when compared to sedentary WT mice, but was robustly elevated following exercise. Correspondingly, ~45% of the miRNAs that were dysregulated in sedentary 5xFAD mice were restored towards wild‐type levels following exercise. Specifically, miR‐29, which is a validated target of the APP processing protein, BACE1, was significantly higher in exercised 5xFAD mice. Accordingly, BACE1 expression was lower in these mice. Based on these results, we conclude that exercise training alters cerebral miRNA expression via Dicer to affect APP processing.


The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is increasing and thus IoT is seemingly shifting from hype to reality. However, the actual use of IoT over significant timescales has not been empirically analyzed. In other words the reality remains unexplored. Furthermore, despite the variety of IoT verticals, the use of IoT across vertical industries has not been compared. This paper uses a two-year IoT dataset from a major Finnish mobile network operator to investigate different aspects of cellular IoT traffic including temporal evolution and the use of IoT devices across industries. We present a variety of novel findings. For example, our results show that IoT traffic volume per device increased three-fold over the last two years. Additionally, we illustrate diversity in IoT usage among different industries with orders of magnitude differences in traffic volume and device mobility. Though we also note that the daily traffic patterns of all devices can be clustered into only three patterns, differing mainly in the presence and timing of a peak hour. Finally, we illustrate that the share of LTE-enabled IoT devices has remained low at around 2% and 30% of IoT devices are still 2G only.


Obesity is the most common metabolic disease and is caused by an excess accumulation of body fat. 1-O-Feruloyl-β-D-glucose (FG) is a phenolic compound isolated from the corks of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. This study was designed to investigate the effect of FG on adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. First, we evaluated the effects of FG on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Up to 5 μM, FG did not affect the proliferation of or cause cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Therefore, we used FG at 0-5 μM for subsequent experiments. FG inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. To understand the mechanism underlying the anti-adipogenic effect of FG, western blot analyses were performed. We found that FG suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ protein expression, a representative adipogenesis-related transcription factor. In addition, FG inhibited aP2/fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) protein expression, a target gene of PPARγ. In conclusion, these data suggest that FG inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ and FABP4.


The properties of CO 2 as a matrix were studied using the FT-IR absorption spectrum of CH 4 isolated in deposited CO 2 . Sharp features related to regular substitutional sites reflect the expected reduction of symmetry of the CH 4 molecule by the matrix cage. A broad band was interpreted in terms of CH 4 molecules isolated in pores and/or on grain boundaries. The respective surface potentials are extremely anisotropic and less well-defined as compared to the cage potentials of substitutional sites


Objective To detect the expression of TP and correlation of microvessel density( MVD) in gastric carcinoma and to discuss the relationship between the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods The expressions of TP,MVD were studied by immunohistochemistry in 77 gastric carcinoma specimens and 25 normal tissues. CD34 was chosen as the vascular endothelial cell markers to count MVD. Results The rate of positive expression of TP and MVD in gastric cancer tissue was59. 74% and 34. 99 ± 9. 46,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in neighboring gastric cancer tissue that were 12. 0%and 12. 65 ± 4. 00,respectively. All of the differences had statistically significant( all,P 0. 05). The positive expression rates of TP and MVD were significantly correlated with depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in gastrointestinal carcinoma patients( P 0. 05),but were not correlated with differentiation,tumor size and vascular of invasion( P 0. 05). The five- year overall survival was higher in patients with tumors negative for TP than in those with tumors positive for TP; the five- year overall survival was lower in patients with tumors having high MVD score than in patients with tumors having low MVD score( P 0. 01). In gastric carcinoma,the expression had a positive correlation with TP and MVD( P 0. 01). Conclusion TP and MVD are related to the growth,infiltration,metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.


Density functional theory (DFT) is the de facto approach for predicting self-consistent-field electronic structures of ground-state configurations of complex atoms, molecules, and solids and providing their property data for materials discovery and design. This capability is greatly enabled by the generalized gradient approximation for exchange-correlation interactions with an important set of exchange-correlation functionals developed by John Perdew and his collaborators in last several decades. The scientific community and the present author's group have greatly benefited from this capability. Over the years, the present author's group has integrated the energetics from DFT-based calculations both at zero K and finite temperature into thermodynamic modeling and developed methods to predict tracer diffusivity, elastic coefficients, interfacial energy, and a number of other properties related to the derivatives of free energy. One key outcome is the accurate prediction of free energy of a system through the consideration of both ground-state and stable symmetry-breaking non-ground-state configurations. It is articulated that phonon properties of all individual configurations can be accurately calculated by quasiharmonic approximations in the temperature and volume ranges of interest, and the emergent behaviors and anharmonicity of a system originate primarily from the statistical competition among all the configurations.


Basically, there are two approaches to solving optimal control problems: maximum principles give rise to necessary conditions, while dynamic programming results in sufficient conditions. For stochastic systems the appropriate maximum principle differs substantially from a Pontryagin-type version if the system includes controlled diffusion terms. This result was obtained by Peng [10] and Mahmudov [9] independently in the late 1980s. In the 1970s, stochastic dynamic programming was developed as a version of Bellman's work; see, e.g., the books by Fleming and Rishel [6] or Krylov [8]. The recent book by Yong and Zhou [12] develops both approaches and analyzes relations between them. As it turns out, for linear quadratic control problems both approaches lead to the same basic result, the separation principle; see [11] for a finite-dimensional version and [2] and [3] for infinite dimensional settings. These versions of the separation principle require that state and observation noise are independent. Bashirov [1] showed in 1986 that a similar formulation holds for dependent noises as long as the future of the state noise and the past of the observation noise are independent, while additional terms show up in the separation principle for general dependent noise processes ("extended separation principle"). It is this result that is at the core of this book as presented in Chapter 5. The author develops a linear stochastic systems theory in Hilbert spaces under dependent state and observation (Gaussian) noises, focussing on estimation problems (filtering, smoothing, prediction) and on quadratic optimal control, including a general duality principle that connects the two issues. Kalman's original duality result [7] takes on the following from in this context: If the (classical) separation principle holds for a stochastic optimal control problem then this problem is dual to a filtering problem; if the extended separation principle is valid for a stochastic optimal control problem then this problem is dual to a smoothing problem; see Chapter 11. The main contribution of this book is that it develops estimation and quadratic optimal control theory from the unified point of view of appropriate separation principles. Four situations are considered for dependencies of state and observation (Gaussian) noises in increasing complexity: correlated white noises (Chapter 6), colored noises (Chapter 7), wide band noises (Chapter 8), and shifted white noises (Chapters 9 and 10). A discussion on noise modeling and integral and differential representations of stochastic processes is included in Section 4.6. Chapter 6 recollects the classical theory of estimation and control, compare, e.g., [5] for the finite-dimensional or [4] for the infinite-dimensional case. The chapter, based on the (classical) separation principle, covers the Wiener–Hopf equation, filtering, prediction and smoothing, as well as the linear quadratic regulator. Each topic starts from the dual linear regulator problem and its contents is arranged in such a way that it can serve as a reference for subsequent chapters. Chapter 7 treats the case of colored noises by arranging the entire system, including the two equations for the noise processes, as one augmented system with correlated noise. The analysis of this system can then be reduced to the treatment in Chapter 6. The challenge is to


Yakymets A V , Drogomyrec ' ka M S. Алгоритм діагностики і вибору методу лікуваня пацієнтів з адентією верхніх латеральних різців = Algorithm of clinical inspection and choosing a method of treatment of patients from by the aedentia of overhead lateral chisels. Journal of Education , Health and Sport . 2015;5(5): 2 33 -2 4 2 . ISSN 2391-8306 . DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17596 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A233-242 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/559890 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17596 F ormerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartośc merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., ze w roku 2014 nie bedzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktow co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.04.2015. Accepted: 08.05.2015. УДК 616.314-007.21+089.23     алгоритм діагностики і вибору методУ лікуваня  пацієнтів з адентією верхніх латеральних різців algorithm of clinical inspection AND choosing a method of treatment of patients from by the aedentia of overhead lateral chisels А. В. Якимець, М. С. Дрогомирецька A V Yakymets , M S Drogomyrec ' ka Інститут стоматології Національної медичної академії післядипломної освіти імені П. Л. Шупика Institute of stomatology National medical academy for postgraduate education named after P.L. Shupyk, orthodontics department Abstract Choosing the method of treatment orthodontic plays a decision role, as exactly he determines possibility of the use of space in a dental arc and establishment of present teeth in position. But not always a plan of treatment of agenesis of lateral chisels is obvious. Reason of it is a variety of clinical presentation, that is formed by not only position of adherent teeth and by the type of occlusion correlations but also form, color of adherent teeth, accordance of sizes of bases of jaws. An aim of our work is creation of diagnostic algorithm that would be based on the statistical analysis of basic diagnostic data and would allow with the certain degree of authenticity to assert on factors forming of pathology in concrete clinical case. Materials and methods . During an inspection there was certain correlation of molars for Engle and vertical ceiling in a frontal area, mean values of the vertical ceiling and symmetry of agenesis of lateral chisels of upper jaw. Result . Conclusions . Analysis correlation of symmetry of pathology with the class of Engle and size of the vertical ceiling by us it was not educed reliable connection between the articles of patients. Therefore using the described protocol of clinical inspection, their results and introduction in orthodontic practice will allow to simplify the process of diagnostics of aedentia of lateral chisels of upper jaw, decrease loading on a patient by avoidance of superfluous researches, to improve co-operation between profile specialists (orthodontic, by a surgeon, orthopedist, internist). Keywords : adentia, algorithm of clinical inspection of patients. Показано, що для вибору метода лікування адентії латеральних різців верхньої щелепи  у пацієнтів із І класом скелетних співвідношень (методом відкриття або закриття проміжку) з метою оптимального відновлення як функціональних, так і естетичних показників зубо-щелепної системи необхідно враховувати клас оклюзійних співвідношень за Енглем, відповідність апікальних базисів верхньої та нижньої щелеп з метою забезпечення нормального росту та розвитку зубо-щелепної системи, що дозволяє досягти кращих найближчих та віддалених прогнозованих стабільних результатів лікування цієї патології. Ключеві слова : адентія, алгоритм діагностики і лікування.


In many popular writings that date from the initial decades of the twentieth century, and also in recent scholarly studies, "Japanese aesthetics"-insofar as we can speak sweepingly of a complicated, multidimensional, and dynamic historical phenomenon-is characterized with a set of adjectives whose present linguistic entrenchment is clearly evident. Specifically we read that traditional Japanese aesthetics is an aesthetics of imperfection, insufficiency, incompleteness, asymmetry, and irregularity, not to mention perishability, suggestiveness, and simplicity.1 Given this collection of qualities, we are presented with a matching set of paradigmatic Japanese aesthetic experiences and objects, both as illustrations and as legitimations of this close-to-standard portrait. Examples include the suggestive moon covered by drifting clouds, the irregularly formed ceramics of ceremonial teacups, the simple and asymmetrical arrangement of unpolished rocks in the dry landscape garden, the bold and dashing monochromatic strokes typical of Zen calligraphy, transient cherry blossoms, serene and cloud-capped mountain summits, lonely thatched huts, sunsets in the foggy twilight, the call of a crane that breaks through the silence, and the light autumn rain that drizzles upon a secluded pond. Upon further reflection, it becomes noticeable that some familiar Japanese aesthetic objects do not easily conform to this standard picture, and this raises doubts about the typical characterization of Japanese aesthetics. The quintessentially Japanese shoji screens and tatami mats, for instance, are uniformly rectangular rather than irregular in form. They are, moreover, neither asymmetrical, nor imperfect, nor incomplete, nor insufficient. How then, can these perfectly regular screens and mats-items crucial to the aesthetics of Japanese domestic architecture-fit neatly into the usually encountered portrait of traditional Japanese aesthetics, if it is said to be fundamentally "the worship of imperfection"?2 Or similarly if "imperfection" is


Feature extraction plays an important role in machinery fault diagnosis and prognosis. The features extracted from time, frequency and time-frequency domains are widely investigated to describe the properties of overall signal from different perspectives, seldom considering the sequential characteristic of time-series signal in which the fault information may be embedded. This paper investigates a novel approach combing modified Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX) framework and Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) to extract fault information by analyzing sequential pattern in time-series signal for fault diagnosis. SAX reduces the dimensionality of raw data by transforming the original real valued time series into a discrete one with analyzing signal sequential characteristic and then multiple features are fused by KPCA for fault classification. The proposed approach has high computation efficiency and feature extraction accuracy. Experimental studies on reciprocating compressor valve demonstrate that the presented approach outperforms the methods of SAX-entropy using support vector machine for classification.


Numerous studies have shown that the number of different species plays an important role in how the plant community adapts during successive multi-generational drought cycles. In this paper, we first collected relevant data and completed the pre-processing of the data. Then the community ecological environment index was quantitatively analyzed through indicators such as biodiversity and birth mortality in the region, and the correlation between the characteristic X indicators was obtained through correlation analysis, and the supervised learning relationship between the characteristic indicators, indicators and ecological environment index was established, and the best SVM model was obtained through Bayesian optimization and network parameter synchronization. The final model accuracy is 91.6%, and the root mean square error is less than 0.382, which is adaptable and strong scientific. Based on this model, the number of species in the index, the correlation between species and the value of the environmental quality index kept changing, the data changed in the model to the corresponding changes in the ecological environmental index, in order to see the impact of different environments and species in the ecosystem, a qualitative analysis was performed, and finally the impact of the number and type of species on the plant community was studied.


Globally, the case notification rate (CNR) of tuberculosis (TB) in males has been reported to far exceed the rates for females even though TB is a leading infectious cause of death in women worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the gender differences occurring in patients presenting in the TB clinic of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH), Nigeria in 2012. This study was a retrospective review of records of clients attending the TB clinic of the hospital between January and December 2012. Data collected was analyzed using MS-Excel and Graph pad prism software version 5.1. A total of 265 clients were registered in the clinic in 2012, out of which 146 (55.1%) were males and 119 (44.9%) were females. The CNR for males consistently exceeded those for females in eight out of the 12 months reviewed. Majority of the males, 84.2% and females, 81.5% were above 15 years of age. The HIV co-infection rate was significantly higher among females, 51.2% compared to the males, 37% (p<0.05). All or most of the defaulters recorded in the clinic in 4 out of the first 6 months of 2012 were females, while the males had a higher success rate in 4 of the 6 months assessed. Although the CNR was higher among males, the higher defaulter rate, HIV co-infection and lower treatment success rates recorded among the females was worrisome. Factors contributing to these negative indices among female TB clients in this environment should be explored.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing butene-1 via dimerisation of ethylene at pressure 0.5-4 MPa and temperature 50-95°C in the medium of a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of a catalyst system consisting of trialkyl aluminium - AlR 3 , in which R is a hydrocarbon radical containing 1-6 carbon atoms, titanium etherate - Ti(OR) 4 , in which R is a hydrocarbon radical containing 2-6 carbon atoms, in the presence or absence of a modifier - ether. At the end of the dimerisation reaction, a catalyst deactivator is fed into the reactor or into the reaction mass when the reaction mass comes out of the reactor, where the catalyst deactivator used is monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. EFFECT: use of the method increases selectivity of the process and purity of butene-1, lowers the probability of secondary reactions such as isomerisation of butene-1 into cis- or trans-butene-2, reduces the degree of polymerisation, improves working conditions and improves economic performance of the process. 3 cl, 11 ex, 2 tbl


Objective To investigate the laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy in the treatment of female infertility clinical application value,provides some guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment of female infertility.Methods 150 cases of female infertility patients using laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,and the causes,diagnosis and clinical treatment effect was observed.Results Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease,endometriosis,polycystic ovaries,pelvic tuberculosis and genital development abnormality were the main reason for female infertility;76 cases of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease,accounting for 50.7%,secondary infertility was more than the original infertility,there are statisti cal differences(P 0.05);endometriosis was in 32 cases,accounting for 21.3% ;polycystic ovary was in 18 cases(12.0%),15 cases of pelvic tuberculosis,accounting for 10.0% ;genital abnormalities was in 9 cases,accounting for 6.0%;the incidence of secondary infertility was higher,there was statistical differences(P 0.05);treatment by laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy,60 patients with postoperative pregnancy,the pregnancy rate was 40.0%,ectopic pregnancy occurs in 9 cases(6.0%).Conclusion Laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility can improve diagnosis rate significantly,and can effectively improve the postoperative pregnancy rate,has important clinical value.


Zone-melting recrystallization (ZMR) has been applied successfully to fabricate a thin-film silicon solar cell with high conversion efficiency that also has the potential to lower the material cost. It is found that seeding from an Si substrate during ZMR is not necessary for high-quality thin-film Si with a low defect density and the dominant (100) crystallographic orientation. This feature is very important because one can separate the thin-film Si from the substrate in order to obtain a flexible solar cell and the substrate can be recycled. Lowering the scanning speed of the upper movable carbon strip heater has proved to be most effective for high-quality crystal. In order to realize thin-film Si solar cells, a 60-μm thick Si active layer is deposited by chemical vapour deposition on recrystallized Si film. Pyramidal shape formation at the surface for light confinement by using (100) orientation and low-energy H+ ion irradiation for the passivation of crystal defects has been applied to the fabrication of thin-film Si solar cells and we achieved high conversion efficiencies of more than 14% for a 10 × 10 cm2 cell and 16% for a 2 × 2 cm2 cell.


Purpose To develop a model based on non-invasive clinical and ultrasonographic parameters for predicting the likelihood of subsequent histologic chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to determine whether the inclusion of invasive test results improves the predictive value of the model. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 146 consecutive women presenting with PPROM (20–33 weeks). Transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length was performed. Maternal serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured after amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid (AF) obtained by amniocentesis was cultured, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and WBC counts were determined. The primary outcome measure was histologic chorioamnionitis. Results Risk scores based on serum CRP concentrations and gestational age (model 1) were calculated for each patient. The model was shown to have adequate goodness of fit and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.742. When including AF test results (e.g., AF IL-6 levels) in model 1, serum CRP concentrations were found to be insignificant, and thus, were excluded from model 2, comprising AF IL-6 levels and gestational age. No significant difference in AUC was found between models 1 and 2. Conclusion For women with PPROM, the newly developed model incorporating non-invasive parameters (serum CRP and gestational age) was moderately predictive of histologic chorioamnionitis. The inclusion of invasive test results added no predictive information to the model in this setting.


IJCRT1892660 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 999 A PARKING SYSTEM USING DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION, PRICING AND SPOTTING THE STOLEN VEHICLE Prachi Pawar, Akshada Kolgiri, Aishwarya Bambal, Aman Kumar Singh,Shital Sungare 1,2,3,4 Students, Professor 1,2,3,4,5 Computer Engineering 1,2,3,4,5 Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri Pune, India ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract : Parking in major cities, notably with dense traffic, directly affects the traffic flow and people's life. During this paper, we have a tendency to introduce a replacement sensible parking system that's supported intelligent resource allocation, reservation, and rating. The projected system solves this parking issues by providing warranted parking reservations with rock bottom doable value and looking time for drivers and also the highest revenue and resource utilization for parking managers. New honest rating policies are projected which will be enforced in apply. The new system relies on mathematical modeling victimization mixed-integer applied mathematics (MILP) with the target of minimizing the overall financial value for the drivers and increasing the employment of parking resources. System also define a stolen vehical detection part through car parking application.


When a high-pressure water source is located near a tunnel under excavation, water inrush is commonly associated with a hydraulic fracturing effect. To study the hydraulic fracturing effect of water inrush (HFEWI), flow-rock failure process analysis (F-RFPA2D) was adopted to simulate the water inrush process. The simulated results indicated that a stress disturbance area formed in front of the excavation face and that a hydraulic fracture zone formed in front of the karst cavity. Similarly, stress concentrations formed in front of the excavation face and the karst cavity. The hydraulic fracturing effect was characterized by stress concentration, and the local hydraulic crack propagation was the result of stress concentration. In addition, a pore pressure gradient formed in the crack-free area of the surrounding rock, and the occurrence of hydraulic cracking was the root cause of the significant change in water flow. When the hydraulic cracks initially formed and expanded, the zone of crack activity was large. As the cracks continued to expand, the range of activity decreased and finally concentrated directly in front of the excavation face. Additionally, the shapes of the water inrush channel obtained by the experimentation and numerical simulation were basically the same: semielliptical. During the evolution of hydraulic crack initiation, expansion, and penetration, the bottom of the excavated borehole was initially dry and then experienced seepage and water inrush. Finally, the minimum safe thickness of the rock wall was calculated to provide a safety guideline for this type of water inrush.


This paper explores the performance gains achieved by space time block coding (STBC)-based non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme versus regular cooperative NOMA under the influence of imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). Imperfection in the SIC process of NOMA causes performance degradation, which is proportional to the number of SIC operations involved. It is demonstrated through the outage and sum-rate performance that STBC-NOMA maintains a considerable performance margin from conventional cooperative NOMA even under adverse imperfections in SIC. Furthermore, closed-form expressions of signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) at user equipment (UE) and outage probability for STBC-NOMA under imperfect SIC are also derived and validated.


At the end of the Second World War, the French aircraft industry is considerably reduced. Absent from aircraft manufacturing since 1940, Marcel Dassault inquired into technical development. On his return from deportation, his only wish was to return to aircraft production. In the 1950s he rebuilt his teams, and by perseverance won control of most of the government-offered contracts. His leadership created prototypes in jet construction, the Ouragan and the Mystere.
 The aircraft manufactured by the Dassault firm provided a basis for the entire French aircraft industry. The manufacture of French planes for the nation's needs allowed France to avoid costly purchases abroad; as for exports, it contributed to the balance of payments. It further allowed the French Air Force to receive aircraft of top quality that could not have been possible if France had been limited to its home market.


In this paper, the theory of generator basis of a prime module is investigated by establishing a new reduce theorem in module. For the cases of lower dimensions, the sufficient and necessary conditions for generator basis of a prime module are given. Some applications of the generator basis method in spline functions are given, and some interesting examples are presented in the paper.


Pleuridium aurantiacum, a new speciesfrom central Mexico, is characterized by deeply concave, oblong, rounded-acute leaves with percurrent costae; thick-walled exothecial cells with reddish-orange pigmentation; and minute cucullate calyptrae with obscurely roughened cells near the apices. For the past several years, Angeles Cairdenas, National University of Mexico, has been collecting cleistocarpic mosses in the Valley of Mexico as a contribution to a projected catalog of the moss flora of the area. In 1984 she obtained a small specimen near Tepotzotlfn which was soon followed by another collection of the same taxon by Martha Castilla. Because of the thick-walled exothecial cells it was originally thought that these specimens belonged in Trachycarpidium (Pottiaceae), but R. Zander suggested the Ditrichaceae and H. Crum thought that it might be a new species of Pleuridium. The plants differ conspicuously from those of other Pleuridium species in having nonsubulate, roundedacute perichaetial leaves, subpercurrent to percurrent costae, sporophytes with extremely short setae, exothecial cells of the capsules with a uniform deposition of a reddish-orange pigment along the inside of the outer cell walls, and minute, cucullate, faintly roughened calyptrae which barely cover the blunt apiculi. PLEURIDIUM AURANTIACUM Snider & Delg., sp. nov. (FIG. 1-17) Species haec a ceteris speciebus Pleuridii foliis perichaetialibus rotundato-acutatis, costis subpercurrentibus ad percurrentes, cellulis exothecialibus capsularum cum uniformi depositio pigmentii rubro-aurantiaci intra externorum parietum, et calyptris minutis, cucullatis, leviter et irregulariter exasperatis ad apices differt. TYPE: MEXICO. ESTADO DE Mt'XICO: 4 km al NW de Villa Victoria. Vegetaci6n perturbada con Stevia serrata, Erythrina leptorryza, Baccharis conferta, Castilleja y Gramineas. Sobre suelo, lugares expuestos y huimedos. Alt. 2,520 m. Agosto 30, 1986. Castilla 2355. (Holotype, MEXU.) Plants solitary to gregarious, yellow-green to palegreen, 1.0-2.5 mm tall, erect, simple or occasionally forked, with a small central strand. Leaves small and appressed below, larger and erect above, crowded in a comal tuft. Lowermost leaves short-oblong, 0.15-0.25 x 0.10-0.22 mm, broadly blunt-tipped. Upper leaves concave, ovate, 0.40-0.90 x 0.240.30 mm, gradually narrowed to a rounded-acute to acute apex; margins erect or plane, erose-serrulate, especially toward the apex; costa yellow, flat, subpercurrent to percurrent; basal cells short-rectangular, thin-walled; medium and upper cells irregularly rhombic, with walls thick and yellow; perichaetial leaves deeply concave, oblong, 1.0-2.5 x 0.35-0.85 mm, gradually tapering to a roundedacute apex, with margins smooth below, faintly erose-serrulate above, basal cells pale, walls firm, short-rectangular, 30-60 x 10-20 im, median and upper cells thick-walled (4 Am), yellow, mostly irregularly rhombic, 20-50 x 6-10 im, and costa flat, 60-80 Am near base, percurrent, ending in the blunted apex. Autoicous; perigonial buds small, axillary, with bracts ovate, rounded-acute. Capsules immersed, spherical, bluntly apiculate, inoperculate, reddish-brown to brown, 0.42-0.58 x 0.30-0.50 mm, exothecial cells irregularly quadrate, thickwalled, lumina reddish-orange, stomata few, superficial, at extreme base of urn; seta extremely short and inconspicuous, 50-140 im, including foot. Spores 22-25 gm, irregularly spherical, goldenbrown, finely and obscurely papillose. Calyptra minute, covering little more than apiculus of urn, cucullate, faintly crenate along margin, faintly and irregularly roughened at base of neck by projecting end walls of cells. Additional material. -Estado de M6xico: Sierra de Alcaparrosa, 4 km NE de Magfi, cerca de Tepotzotlain. Bosque de Quercus muy abierto y perturbado, con pastizal de Gramineas de corta estatura. Alt. 2,600 m. Sept. 19, 1984. Cdrdenas 3875b (MEXU). 0007-2745/88/181-183$0.45/0 This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Sun, 31 Jul 2016 05:45:22 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 182 THE BRYOLOGIST [VOL. 91


The inverse relationship between unemployment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, commonly known as Okun's law, has been traditionally analysed in the economic literature. Its application for Spain has been carried out at the national level or for the autonomous communities but it has not been analysed for provinces, the territorial level closer to local labour markets. This study analyses this relationship during the period spanning from 1985 to 2011. After testing the time series properties of provincial GDP and unemployment, we specify statiic and dynamic versions of the Okun's law using VAR and PVAR techniques. Both static and dynamic analyses lead us to determine that provinces show large differences in their unemployment sensitivity to GDP shocks. In particular, provinces where economic activity is concentrated and Southern provinces are those suffering from higher cyclical variations in unemployment rates.


Carbon is conventionally not associated with magnetism, and much of the discussion of its nanotechnology perspectives appears to be centered on its electron transport properties. Among the few existing examples of magnetic carbon production, none has found a direct applicability in scalable micro and nano fabrication, Here we introduce a paramagnetic form of carbon whose precursor polymers can be lithographically patterned into micro and nano structures prior to pyrolysis. This unreactive and thermally robust material features strong room-temperature paramagnetism owing to a large number of unpaired electrons with restricted mobility, which is achieved by controlling the progression of bond dissociation and formation during pyrolysis. The manufacture of this magnetic carbon, having (3.97 x 0.8) 10^17 spins/ mg, can immediately benefit a number of spintronic and magnetic MEMS applications, and also shed light on the controversial theories concerning the existence and mechanisms of magnetism in carbon.


The possible application of Normotest (Hepaplastintest) which was developed for determining the activity of the clotting factors was tried, as a liver function test detecting dysfunction of proteo-metabolism in liver cell.Transition of Hepaplastintest value was followed in the clinical process of patients of various liver diseases (65 cases; 17, acute hepatitis 7, persistent hepatitis 13, chronic inactive hepatitis 3, chronic active hepatitis 5, chronic alcoholic hepatitis 13, liver cirrhosis 5 cholestasis) and 2 liver failure in comparison with the value of 27 healthy subjects (12 male and 15 female). In this determination, correction by Hematocrit value was made.Average value of the healthy controls was 78.5% (male 82.6%, female 75.2%), ranging from 64% to 105%.In cases of acute hepatitis, the average value was depressed down to 48.5% at the early stage, and turned for the normal range showing 69.9% (average) with recovery. But in severe cases, the low value was maintained, and especially in cases of fulminant hepatitis, conspicuous low value was indicated. In cases of chronic inactive hepatitis, 72.3% (average) was observed, which did not show such mentionable low values; but in chronic active hepatitis, low value of 45.6% (average) was indicated. In cases of persistent hepatitis and chronic alcoholic hepatitis, 68.1 and 65.2% (average) were shown, respectively. In liver cirrhosis, quite low value of 40.8% (average) was indicated and many cases of them did not recover to the normal range. In cases of cholestasis, however, the value was in the normal range, and its average figure was 78.7%.Furthermore, as to the percentage of the cases showing low value (below 65%) of Hepaplastintest in patients of liver diseases, the largest number (20/38) was observed in the group of HBs-antigen positive cases, next (21/43) in the group of HBs-antibody positive cases, and in the group of HBs-antigen and antibody negative cases, small number (11/29) was observed obviously.Considering the above-mentioned findings, this test for determining the activity of the clotting factors was suggested to be a useful indicator for judging the severity of liver damage, the clinical course and the prognosis of acute and chronic hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis; and for the differential diagnosis between those liver cell injury and cholestasis.


Introduction: Hair loss (alopecia) is a common side effect of chemotherapy drugs, imposing further psychological stress on the patient. Scalp cooling is a common method used to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia; however, the results are not conclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using a cold cap during chemotherapy in preventing alopecia in women with breast cancer. Methods: In a randomized Clinical Trial, 100 women with breast cancer were recruited and randomized into two equal-size groups of intervention (chemotherapy while wearing a cold cap) and control (chemotherapy without using a cold cap). Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire and alopecia was rated on a scale of 1(very low) to 4(very high). Results: The mean alopecia score was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (2.25 ± 0.49 vs 2.49 ± 0.34, p = 0.005).The difference in alopecia score was not associated with any of the demographic or clinical variables including age, disease stage, type of surgery, menopausal status, education, marital status, employment, and income. Conclusion: Using a cold cap while receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer is effective in preventing hair loss.


In order to improve mass propagation and promotion of superior clones of tea tree,we applied compound bacterium agent to soil to investigated the effect on the growth of transplanted seedling. After the application artificial bacterium agent,tea tree mycorrhizal infection rate was 4.8% higher than that of control group,the contents of chlorophyll,proline,soluble sugar increased by3.84%,15.20%,5.71% respectively,and N,P,K,Na,Ca,Mg contents increased by 59.18%,233.33%,26.70%,35.27%,5.82%,8.24% respectively. This shows that the artificial bacterium agents can improve the tea tree growth after transplanting,increase the elements and important compounds in the plant to promote its further growth.


The Family Stress Model (FSM) provides a framework for how economic pressure can impact family processes and outcomes, including parent's mental health, parenting, and child problem behaviors. Although the FSM has been widely replicated, samples disproportionately impacted by poverty including early childhood samples and in particular Latino families with young children, have been largely excluded from the FSM research. Therefore, among a sample of ethnically diverse Early Head Start children (N=148) and among a subsample of Latino children (n=100), the current study evaluated a modified FSM to understand the direct and indirect pathways among economic pressure, parental depression, parenting self-efficacy, the parent-child relationship, and child problem behaviors. Results showed that the modified FSM including parenting selfefficacy was successfully replicated within the full early childhood sample; however, specific hypothesized pathways were not replicated among Latinos. Further analyses illuminated how pathways identified in the full sample were replicated among more but not among less acculturated Latino parents. Implications for future FSM research with Latino families as well as for parent-focused interventions are discussed.


Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) harvested at Igloolik and Hall Beach (Foxe Basin) and Inukjuak and Akulivik (eastern coast of Hudson Bay) and clams (Mya truncata) and cockles (Serripes groenlandicus) collected at Igloolik were analyzed for heavy metals and Se. Pb was high in walrus from both Hudson Bay and Foxe Basin compared with other marine mammals, but levels were higher in animals from Hudson Bay than Foxe Basin, showing a geographic trend of increasing concentration from north to south. In some tissues of clams, Pb was also high, up to 3 μg/g (wet weight). Hg levels in walrus were low compared with those in other Arctic marine mammals; in liver, Hg showed a geographic trend similar to Pb. Cd in liver and particularly in kidney of walrus was high compared with other Arctic marine mammals and was higher in those from Foxe Basin than Hudson Bay. Associations among metals and between metals and age were found in walrus that were also reported for other marine mammals, namely between Hg and ...


The spending pattern of modern day consumers are increasingly involved in information and new cultures due to both technological and industrial advancement and higher standards of living. In addition, the commercial space itself like retail stores, office interior spaces are becoming more important in terms of marketing and tools to deliver goods and services to consumers more effectively. However, most interior spaces are not fully serving the needs of their consumers partially due to outdated creativity and poor management. Therefore, Research and Development Center (R&D) is planned to assist in maximizing the use of interior design space that can deliver best experiences and information of products and services to consumers. In addition, R&D center will help maximizing corporate profit in the coming years.


Due to the advance of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technologies with the steadfast increase of density with aggressively scaled storage capacitors, the supply voltage has been lowered to under 1 V to reduce power consumption. The above progress has been accompanied by the increasingly difficult task of sensing cell data reliably. One of the essential methods to preserve sustainable data retention characteristic is to curtail the sub-threshold leakage current by using a negative voltage bias for the bulk of access transistors. This negative back-bias is generated by a back-bias voltage generator. This paper proposes a novel high-speed back-bias voltage (VBB) generator with a cross-coupled hybrid pumping scheme. The conventional circuit uses one fixed voltage to control the gates of discharge of the p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) and transfer n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS), respectively. However, the proposed circuit adds an auxiliary pump, thereby able to control more aptly with a lower negative voltage when discharging and a higher positive voltage when transferring. As a result, the proposed circuit achieves a faster pump-down speed and higher pumping current at a lower supply voltage compared to conventional circuits. The H-simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (HSPICE) simulation results with the Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC) 0.18 um process technology indicates that the proposed circuit has about a 20% faster pump-down speed at a supply voltage of voltage common collector (VCC) = 1.2 V and about 3% higher pumping current at VBB from −0.6 V to −1 V with the ability to generate a near 3% higher ratio of |VBB|/VCC at VCC = 0.6 V compared to conventional circuits. Hence, the proposed circuit is extremely suitable and promising for future low-power and high-performance DRAM applications.


A novel graphical model based on inhomogeneous Markov random field and Dirichlet process mixture is proposed to address the problems encountered by hidden Markov random field. It incorporates the local and global scale information. A sampling method is also devised based on Gibbs sampler. The model is investigated in the context of image segmentation and the performance is evaluated.


rear lies a vulnerable network, which comprises numerous lines of communication, along which supplies as well as information move, and key nodal points at which the various lines intersect. Destruction of this central nervous system is tantamount to destruction of the army. The principal aim of a blitzkrieg is therefore to effect a strategic penetration. The attacker attempts to pierce the defender's front and then to drive deep into the defender's rear, severing his lines of communication and destroying key junctures in the network. 23