Dizziness is described as having a variety of unpleasant sensations which often interfere with balance and walking. It is a common complaint by people over age 65, affecting 13-38% of elderly Americans. Dizziness may occur by many different causes which can be difficult to diagnose. Dizziness is usually related to a metabolic or even cardiovascular origin nevertheless, vertigo is an otological or neurological problem. Frequently, dizziness is not usually considered as a long lasting complication however, in almost one quarter of the elderly with this problem, it may last a year or even more. Dizziness is not usually associated with increased risk of death unless it is a sign of heart disease. However, dizziness may increase the risk of collapse and decrease the quality of life, especially if it is persistent or severe.


Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur after witnessing or experiencing life-threatening or otherwise deeply disturbing events, such as serious injuries or sexual violence. For a long time, PTSD has been classified as an anxiety disorder; other feelings such as guilt have not been in focus. In the DSM-V (American Psychiatric Association 2013), the placement of PTSD has been shifted from within the category of anxiety disorders to a new category of traumatic and stressor-related disorders (Zoellner et al. 2013). New symptoms regarding alterations in cognitions such as persistent negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world and persistent distorted blame of self or others for causing the traumatic event or for resulting consequences have been added to the criteria. With regard to persisting trauma-related emotions, we can separate them into two categories: peri-traumatic and post-traumatic reactions (Boos 2005). Peri-traumatic are the emotions that occur during the event and are constantly reexperienced after the event, such as fear. Emotions that occur only after the event, due to the changes in the belief-system of the patient, for example feeling guilty when he thinks of himself as responsible for the course of events are called post-traumatic. In the following case-report, we describe for the first time the phenomenon that not only negatively but also positively regarded peri-traumatic emotions can occur, and how they can contribute to the maintenance of posttraumatic symptoms.


The concept of gangs has existed since the dawn of early Roman society (circa 753BC), where youths formed unique social groups in conflict with generally accepted societal norms. The concept 'youth gang', however, only originated in Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries with the phenomenon of vagabonds. Throughout the ages, history shows that whenever societies are undergoing large scale socio-political and economic turmoil, there is usually an upsurge in the number of displaced youth seeking alternative means of survival, especially in a surrogate group context. Despite this vulnerability, there is a dearth of research pertaining to the crime and victimisation patterns associated with gang formation within the Free State region of the Republic of South Africa. Gang-related activities in the province are rife, and gangs, such as the Dickies, Dogs of War (DOW), Triple 6 (666), Born to Kill (BTK), International Junior Portuguese (IJP) and Natural Born Killers (NBK) are running rampant. These groups tend to conform to the commonly held beliefs of street gangs found in the literature, however in certain circumstances also include elements of the occult and African witchcraft. Since little is known about this new type of gang formation, this study provides an explorative account of these groups, primarily informed by a documentary analysis of the South African Police Service.


Abstract Rationale: Parotid gland adenolymphoma is one of the most common benign tumors in parotid gland, and mainly treated by surgery. Despite the widespread of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation, there is no report concerning its application in parotid gland adenolymphoma. Herein, we reported a 2-year follow-up result of a male patient underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for parotid gland adenolymphoma. Patient concerns: A 73-year-old man was admitted due to a hypoechoic nodule measuring 2.67 × 1.42 × 1.35 cm in posterior-inferior area of parotid gland with a high flow velocity in color Doppler flow imaging. Diagnose: The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as parotid gland adenolymphoma. Interventions: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation was performed to the tumor due to the fact that the patient refused to receive an open surgery in consideration of older age. Outcomes: The ablation procedure lasted about 2 minutes and 15 seconds, without significant adverse effect. The reduction ratios of tumor at postoperative 1 and 3-month were 53% and 82%, respectively. The tumor was fully absent at postoperative 8-month evaluation. Finally, there was no evident recurrence at postoperative 24-month evaluation. Lessons: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation is a safe and effective treatment for parotid gland adenolymphoma, which may serve as a novel alternative approach for patients unsuitable for open surgery.


Objective: To observe and compare clinical effects of treatment of mammary gland proliferation disease with Rupisanjie capsule and photoelectron treatment device. Methods: 304 patients with mammary gland proliferation disease were randomly divided into two groups: one was treated with Rupisanjie capsule and other with photoelectron instrument. Their therapeutic effects, side effect and the recurrence rate after discontinue of treatment were observed and compared. Results: Therapeutic effect of treatment with Rupisanjie capsule (total effective rate 91.45%) was significantly superior (P0.05) to that with photoelectron treatment device (total effective rate 46.05%) but with mild and less frequent side effect, to which patients could tolerate without discontinue taking the drug. No side-effective, however, was observed with photoelectron device therapy. A 2.38% of recurrence of the disease was found in the Rupisanjie capsule group, much less (P0.05) than that in the photoelectron therapy group (85.71%) in the follow-up. Conclusions: Rupisanjie capsule can be used as first choice for treatment of mammary gland proliferation disease. It can effectively relieve pain in breast and, resolve breast mass, with mild and less frequent side effect and, less recurrence of disease after stopping drugs. Although photoelectron treatment device can effectively relieve pain in breast and have no side effect, it is primarily used for relieving pain in breast.


The Du Fu poetics was an important component of YanZhao academic tradition,there were many characteristic,outstanding literatural writings in YanZhao in the history of YanZhao history.Although quite a lot of works had scattered and lost,but the several existing literatures had occupied the important status in Du Fu poetics history,which had the high literatural and academic value,therefore it urgently needed to be comprehensively summarized.


Aims. We identify high-frequency Alfven waves propagating upward in the solar chromosphere and transition region from observation by Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard Hinode . Methods. The spicule shape is enhanced through application of a normal radial gradient filter and an un-sharp mask on the images taken by SOT. The displaced position of the spicule is at each height obtained by tracing the maximum intensity after image processing. The dominant wave period is obtained by the FFT method applied to the time variations of the displaced position at a certain height. The phase speed is estimated with the help of a cross-correlation analysis of two temporal sequences of the displaced positions at two heights along the spicule. Results. We find in four cases that the spicules are modulated by high-frequency ( ≥ 0.02 Hz) transverse fluctuations. Such fluctuations are suggested to be Alfven waves that propagate upward along the spicules with phase speed ranges from 50 to 150 km s -1 . Three of the modulated spicules show clear wave-like shapes with short wavelengths less than 8 Mm. Conclusions. Our work identified directly upward propagation of Alfven waves in the solar chromosphere and transition region. In addition to the recently reported Alfven waves with very long wavelength and wave period, we find here four examples of Alfven waves with shorter wavelengths and periods. These findings shed new light on the wave origin and on coronal and solar-wind heating.


The invention discloses a one-dimensional precision positioning platform with a Z axis enlarged in the negative direction. The one-dimensional precision positioning platform comprises a Z axis negative direction enlarging mechanism, a base used for protecting the Z axis negative direction enlarging mechanism and a moving platform located on the Z axis negative direction enlarging mechanism. The Z axis negative direction enlarging mechanism comprises multiple flexible arms, parallel plates fixed to the two sides of each flexible arm, output pieces connecting the flexible arms and the moving platform, piezoelectric ceramic installation pieces and a chassis fixedly connected to the base. The parallel plates are flexibly connected with the flexible arms through flexible hinges. Piezoelectric ceramic is arranged in a space formed between the parallel plates, located below the Z axis negative direction enlarging mechanism and located above the chassis. The piezoelectric ceramic is fixed by the piezoelectric ceramic installation pieces located on the parallel plates located on the two sides. Compared with a traditional enlarged positioning platform, the one-dimensional precision positioning platform has the advantages of being large in stroke range, high in precision, simple in structure, small in size, high in rigidity, sensitivity and resolution ratio, being in nanoscale, suitable for being used as a micro-positioning platform and the like.


A limitation for the treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is its poor response to chemotherapy, which is partly due to reduction of intracellular levels of anticancer drugs through ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) pumps. Low expression of SOX17 (SRY‐box containing gene 17), a transcription factor that promotes biliary differentiation and phenotype maintenance, has been associated with cholangiocyte malignant transformation. Whether SOX17 is also involved in CCA chemoresistance is investigated in this study.


in the early modern period. Overall, the book offers a timely and insightful corrective to Cover. The study would benefit, though, from further clarification of its central term. In the postscript, Heinzelman explains that she uses nostos "to describe the way in which women's narratives have contested . . . dominant myths of patriarchal power," and that the term should be understood as "a gendered reimagining of what constitutes the normative, the nomos, and therefore a way of speaking about law and justice that acknowledges women's agency" (115). In the preface, by contrast, Heinzelman explains that she is "not asserting that . . . nostos is embodied in and identified with women"; rather, she suggests that "the narratives of nostos actively rework and thereby disclose the operations of gender in th[e] normative world" (xii–xiii). These statements raise several questions about the nature of nostos. Heinzelman uses the term to describe at once a type of narrative, a critical practice, a form of desire, and a conception of justice. She could further refine (and limit) the meaning of this intriguing term. She could also clarify the role that women's voices and narratives play in her study. Although she suggests a connection between women's writing and nostos in the postscript, her chapters on Chaucer and Shakespeare nicely demonstrate the ways in which male writers have offered gendered reimaginings of the normative. Heinzelman could also further clarify how her readings shed light on the changing relationship between law and literature. Some of the chapters focus more on the connections between love and politics, or between private and public life, than on the connections between literary and legal discourse. In particular, the role of law comes into and out of focus in her otherwise intriguing analyses of Chaucer and Behn. And while the study argues for an "historically contextualized and nuanced reading of literary and jurisprudential texts" (xx), it emphasizes continuity rather than change. It would be interesting to consider whether there are differences – even small ones – in the depictions of unruly women across the various texts that she examines. Overall, this engaging study highlights fascinating connections between desire and politics, love and law, and private and public life in a range of learned and popular texts. The rich analyses that Heinzelman provides and the intriguing questions that she raises make this book a welcome addition to cultural legal studies. Riding the Black Ram will interest legal and literary scholars alike.


Over the past several years there has been an apparent shift in research focus in the area of digital steganography and steganalysis - a shift from primarily image based methods to a new focus on broader multimedia techniques. More specifically the area of digital audio steganography is of prime interest. We introduce a new high capacity, covert channel data embedding and recovery system for digital audio carrier files using a key based encoding and decoding method. It will be shown that the added information file is interleaved within the carrier file and is fully indexed allowing for segmented extraction and recovery of data at chosen start and stop points in the sampled stream. The original audio quality is not affected by the addition of this covert data. The embedded information can also be secured by a binary key string or cryptographic algorithm and resists statistical analytic detection attempts. We will also describe how this new method can be used for data compression and expansion applications in the transfer and storage of digital multimedia to increase the overall data capacity and security.


We describe a system for storing, transmitting, and presenting digital movies in a computer network. The hardware used in the system is standard hardware, as found in typical workstations today; no special hardware is required, but if available it can be used to provide better performance. The XMovie system has several innovative features. First, it contains a new algorithm for the gradual adaptation of the color lookup table during the presentation of the movie to ensure optimal color quality on low-end workstations. Second, it is a multistandard system supporting the compression techniques MPEG, Motion JPEG, and a newly developed extension to the well-known Color Cell Compression method. Third, it contains AdFEC, a new adaptable forward error correction method for our movie transmission protocol.


The definition of Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) has suffered significant changes over the last decade as our knowledge on the matter grows. The complexity of this subject is even bigger if you consider renal transplant recipients (RTRs) they already have a legacy of CKD-MBD previous to transplant, their bones will be under the direct and indirect effects of immunosuppression and they will develop CKD-MBD secondary to their graft (dis) function. All these issues occur in addition to the risk factors of the general population for bone disease. Diagnosis and management of CKD-MBD in RTRs is difficult, several tools are yet to be validated and bone biopsy is not widely available. In the past years, new therapeutic strategies have been proposed for these patients. Special consideration should be given to the orthopedic management in RTRs regarding fracture risk and avascular necrosis of the major joints, particularly the femoral head, due to the effects of immunosuppression.


Abstract Artists, fashion and foundations can connect in different ways. Operating and independent foundations tell biographies and legacies of artists. During their life and as for their legacy, artists can influence styles, frames, fashion being one constitutive way of life. Fashion corporations and foundations can be inspired by artists and artists can be supported by them. The aim of this article is to estimate how much accounting data of American artist-endowed foundations give evidence of their connections through art-keting with multiple stakeholders in order to support creativity, above all, fashion. Art-keting includes several and complex phenomena, from co-marketing to contaminations and hybridizations. It encompasses both relationship marketing and social media communication. The methodology includes the analysis of economic performance as for data in 990 Forms and a multiple regression analysis of 2016's accounting main lines of a sample of the biggest US artists-endowed foundations. If artist-endowed foundations connect with fashion thanks to multiple projects, their assets grow thanks to art-keting.


Objective. Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is a pressure derived measure, lesion specific, physiological index for determining hemodynamic severity of intracoronary lesions. Aim of our study was to examine the advantages of FFR-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to conventional, angiography-guided procedure. Method. The study was retrospective, using data from January 2008 to January 2010. A total of 176 patients were examined using FFR and a total of 276 lesions were measured using a standardized protocol that involves positioning of the pressure sensor, premounted on the coronary wire at the ostium of the main coronary artery and distally to the lesion. The control group included 75 patients, who underwent a conventional angiography. Data was collected after the annual follow-up examination. Major cardiac adverse events were outcomes. Results. Out of 197 patients, 71% percent were treated with PCI. A favorable result of over 0.90 was obtained in 90%, while for 10%, the results ranged from 0.8 to 0.9. In the angiography group (AG) 18.6% of patients had total major adverse coronary events compared to 12% in FFR group. One year mortality was 5% in AG and 1.8% in FFR group. Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 11% in AG and in 9% in FFR group, and there was a need for repeat PCI in 9.5% in AG and 6.5% in FFR group. Conclusion. Our study showed that the use of FFR reduces total major adverse coronary events.


Optical burst switching (OBS) is more efficient and feasible solution to build terabit IP-over-WDM optical network by employing relatively matured photonic and opto-electronic devices and combining the advantage of high bandwidth of optical transmission/switching and high flexibility of electronic control/processing. Channel scheduling algorithm is one of the key issues related to OBS networks. In this paper, a class-based scheduling algorithm is presented with emphasis on fairly utilizing the bandwidth among different services. A maximum reserved channel numbers and a maximum channel search times is introduced for each service based on its class of services, load and available bandwidth resource in the class-based scheduling algorithm. The performance of the scheduling algorithm is studied in detail by simulation. The results show that the scheduling algorithm can allocate the bandwidth more fairly among different services and the total burst loss ratio under high throughput can be lowered with acceptable expense on delay performance of services with lower delay requirement. Problems related with burst loss ratio and the delay requirement of different services can be well solved simultaneously.


Basic film step coverage and gap-fill data has been consolidated and compared with the observed thin film CVD kinetics trends. Based on some assumptions regarding reaction kinetics, obtained correlations are believed to be applicable for an optimization of ultra small gap filling in deep submicron Integrated Circuit technology.


A computer-controlled system of eight environmental chambers was constructed. The system allows independent control of up to 10 photoperiods and smooth daily thermoperiods for each chamber. Within- and between-chamber temperature differences were small enough for estimation of population variance in development time and detection of small thermoperiodic effects on development time in pupae of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth).


BACKGROUND
Despite reverence afforded the therapeutic relationship construct in occupational therapy, many occupational therapists feel ill equipped to use themselves therapeutically to enhance the relationship with their clients. Furthermore, although occupational therapists often link the strength of the therapeutic relationship to therapy outcomes, related occupational therapy specific research has been limited. According to the psychotherapy literature, the working alliance is one element of the therapeutic relationship which has in fact been linked to therapy outcomes.

METHODS
A mixed-methods, prospective, multiple case study approach was used to compare the experiences of the working alliance by both occupational therapists and clients across four therapeutic dyads.

RESULTS
Several key elements were identified in this study's qualitative data as shaping the process of alliance development in occupational therapy including: the fostering of an interpersonal connection; the use of humour as therapeutic modality; an impetus to act that leads to functional enhancements; a shared sense of success and a positive feedback mechanism created through successfully attaining clearly delineated, client-centred therapy goals.

CONCLUSIONS
By considering these identified elements, occupational therapists may focus upon tangible considerations towards enhanced therapeutic use-of-self in the development of sound working alliance with their clients potentially improving therapy outcomes.


Bird's Eye View (BEV) is a popular representation for processing 3D point clouds, and by its nature is fundamentally sparse. Motivated by the computational limitations of mobile robot platforms, we create a fast, high-performance BEV 3D object detector that maintains and exploits this input sparsity to decrease runtimes over non-sparse baselines and avoids the tradeoff between pseudoimage area and runtime. We present results on KITTI, a canonical 3D detection dataset, and Matterport-Chair, a novel Matterport3D-derived chair detection dataset from scenes in real furnished homes. We evaluate runtime characteristics using a desktop GPU, an embedded ML accelerator, and a robot CPU, demonstrating that our method results in significant detection speedups (2 × or more) for embedded systems with only a modest decrease in detection quality. Our work represents a new approach for practitioners to optimize models for embedded systems by maintaining and exploiting input sparsity throughout their entire pipeline to reduce runtime and resource usage while preserving detection performance. All models, weights, experimental configurations, and datasets used are publicly available11https://vedder.io/sparse_point_pillars.


The spontaneous magnetization of a generalized square ising lattice is proposed. It reduces to that of the anisotropic triangular, honeycomb and square lattices in the special cases. Al though Yang1) has obtained the exact expressions for the spontaneous magnetization of the square ising lattice immediately by means of the concrete algebraic calculation, the same calculation has not yet been made on any other two-dimensional lattice. But, fortunately, the expressions for the spontaneous magnetization of several types of lattices (namely for the triangular, honeycomb and Kagome) have been found by Potts2) and one of us (Naya) 3) without any concrete calculation. By generalizing these expressions, we can obtain the spontaneous magnetization of the square lattice with four parameters L 1, L 2, La and L 4, repeated with period two in two directions (we call this the generalized square lattice Fig. 1) L, L, L, L,


The genome of eukaryotes is packaged into the small volume of the nucleus in an organised manner. This structure of DNA and associated proteins is called chromatin. The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome; an octomer of core histone proteins and associated DNA. Other proteins such as linker histones can also associate with the DNA or the core histones. The modular structure of chromatin allows for structural variation with functional consequences including activation or repression of transcription. Alterations can include post-translational modifications to histones, remodelling by multi-protein complexes, DNA methylation, and non-allelic variants of the canonical histones. Changes to chromatin structure have an important impact on all DNA processing events. This thesis investigated the histone variant H2A.Z, a variant of the canonical core histone H2A. H2A.Z is highly conserved and essential in a number of species suggesting it has a critical function. Preliminary work using the Xenopus laevis developmental model system had revealed that disruption of H2A.Z function resulted in defective embryo morphology consistent with disrupted gastrulation and mesoderm development (Ridgway et al., 2004a). This led to the following hypothesis: H2A.Z is important to gastrulation and mesodermal development in X laevis because it plays a developmental role. Temporal and spatial expression patterns of H2A.Z mRNA demonstrated in this study are consistent with a role in mesoderm development. Peak H2A.Z mRNA expression levels occur during gastrulation. H2A.Z mRNA is enriched in the marginal zone of the late blastula, involuting tissue in the gastrula and in notochord (a mesodermal tissue) in tailbud embryos. Significantly, maternal H2A.Z mRNA is enriched asymmetrically in


where F : R × R → R, and Y is a closed subset of R. The bilevel programming problem is called the upper level, or the leader's problem. In order to assure that the bilevel programming problem is well-defined, we assume the following: 1) The set M = {(x, y) |g(x, y) ≤ 0, h(x, y) = 0} is nonempty. 2) Both F (x, y) and f(x, y) are bounded from below on M . 3) Both F (x, y) and f(x, y) are linear functions.


that the size coefficient (i8jl) was statistically significant at the 0.05 level in thirty-five of the 118 industries examined.6 The results for these industries are reported in table 1. The range of variation in the magnitude of i,/3 is considerable; the high, in Perfume and Cosmetics, is 0.114, and the low, 0.014, is found in Men's Clothing. The mean coefficient for the thirty-five industries is 0.0405 suggesting that on the basis of this group one would expect the rate of return to rise by 1.2 per cent if size doubles, and by 4.05 per cent for a ten-fold increase in size. VI Conclusions


After five years on CAPD, 10 patients continued to enjoy a good sense of well being and a reasonable quality of life. More women than men survive on CAPD. After 60 months or more of CAPD, the peritoneal membrane continues to function efficiently, both with regards to dialysis of solutes and ultrafiltration of water. Long-term CAPD patients are at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency and should receive regular supplements of this vitamin before clinical manifestations develop. Dally administration of I mg of folic acid gives adequate replacement of such losses during peritoneal dialysis. In spite of vitamin D supplementation and phosphate binders, osteitis fibrosa persisted in these patients and they suffered a gradual loss of bone mineral mass. More frequent use of calcium carbonate as phosphate binder and calcium supplement may minimize this complication. Hypertension is well controlled after initiation of CAPD, but recurs after four to five years of this treatment. We conclude that long term CAPD is feasible and that, with reduction in drop-out rates, more patients will remain on this treatment for long periods.


Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is an idiosyncratic, potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to therapeutic medication. [1] The most common culprits historically being anticonvulsants followed by antibiotics, but most recent publications are beginning to show the opposite trend. [1] This case describes a 58-year-old-woman who presented for evaluation of a generalized skin rash associated with facial edema 4 weeks after treatment for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia with empyema.


This paper draws attention to a simple distinction that, when ignored, considerably distorts discussion of what should be subject to what form of ethical review and by whom. The distinction is between two types of ethical questions that can be asked about any investigation, and indeed about many other types of activity. First, there are questions of the kind: Is it ethical to conduct this investigation at all? Second, there are questions such as: How can this investigation be conducted in an ethical way? Consideration of these questions and of the categorization of research based on study design can lead to a model for triage, however the aim of the paper is not so much to make a real practical suggestion but rather the to highlight the distinction between two types of ethical question. It is clear thinking on the relationship between the two types of question that might lead to some practical suggestions and serve to better define the scope of research ethics review.


InrS is a Ni(II)‐responsive, CsoR/RcnR‐like, DNA‐binding transcriptional repressor of the nrsD gene, but the Ni(II) co‐ordination sphere of InrS is unlike Ni(II)‐RcnR. We show that copper and Zn(II) also bind tightly to InrS and in vitro these ions also impair InrS binding to the nrsD operator‐promoter. InrS does not respond to Zn(II) (or copper) in vivo after 48 h, when Zn(II) sensor ZiaR responds, but InrS transiently responds (1 h) to both metals. InrS conserves only one (of two) second co‐ordination shell residues of CsoR (Glu98 in InrS). The allosteric mechanism of InrS is distinct from Cu(I)‐CsoR and conservation of deduced second shell residues better predicts metal specificity than do the metal ligands. The allosteric mechanism of InrS permits greater promiscuity in vitro than CsoR. The factors dictating metal‐selectivity in vivo are that KNi(II) and ΔGCNi(II)‐InrS·DNA are sufficiently high, relative to other metal sensors, for InrS to detect Ni(II), while the equivalent parameters for copper may be insufficient for copper‐sensing in Synechocystis (at 48 h). InrS KZn(II) (5.6 × 10−13 M) is comparable to the sensory sites of ZiaR (and Zur), but ΔGCZn(II)‐InrS·DNA is less than ΔGCZn(II)‐ZiaR·DNA implying that relative to other sensors, ΔGCZn(II)‐Sensor·DNA rather than KZn(II) determines the final detection threshold for Zn(II).


Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a grass which has spread nearly all over the globe. It is common in many kinds of wet habitats. Common reed is a very tall grass, reaching at best the height of four meters on the coasts of the Baltic Sea. In the wintertime the straw becomes a hard, yellowish stem, which makes it possible to exploit the reed also in construction. Reed beds proliferated quickly in our coastal areas in the late 20th century after pasturage came to its end, due to the nutrient load from air and water, as well as the mild winters. Reed material has been exploited in many ways around the Baltic Sea. For building purposes, reed can be gathered in winter and early spring from the top of ice or other hard surfaces. Reed has been exploited for centuries. It has been used for feeding animals, in bed clothing and in construction. In construction, reed has been used for roof materials and heat insulation. Common reeds with their properties can be used not only for the purposes mentioned above. People are increasingly focusing on sustainable development and the use of natural materials instead of plastics. The reed stem is like a natural pipe. It is already used in the production of cocktail straws. However, there is a much wider range of uses, such as toy components etc. Such applications require that the reed stem is not flattened after cutting. Likewise, the end of the stem must be free of sharp edges and smooth. This article investigates reed cutting using abrasive discs. Cutting speed is important for good quality of cuts. Therefore, different cutting speeds in the experiments are used. The quality of the slice was evaluated using a digital microscope. Cutting power is calculated from the torque and rotation speed.


On the basis of analysing characters and principles of datum price,datum price of commerce land can be measured respectively by ways of average-standard variation model,function score-price of land model,grade-price of land model,and way of area-weigh adding.By analysing the measured conclusion,theory arc of datum price can be reached from the conclusion.At last,datum price of commerce land in Huhhot can be decided.


A multiscale simulation method is developed to model a quantum dot (QD) array of germanium (Ge) holes for quantum computing. Guided by 3-D numerical quantum device simulations of QD structures, an analytical model of the tunnel coupling between the neighboring hole QDs is obtained. Two-qubit entangling quantum gate operations and quantum circuit characteristics of the QD array processor are then modeled. A device analysis of two-qubit Ge hole quantum gates demonstrates faster gate speed, smaller process variability, and less stringent requirement of feature size, compared to its silicon counterpart. The multiscale simulation method allows the assessment of the quantum processor circuit performance from a bottom-up, physics-informed perspective. The application of the simulation method to the Ge QD array processor indicates its promising potential for preparing high-fidelity ansatz states in quantum chemistry simulations.


According to the present model for assembly of alphaviruses, e.g. Semliki Forest virus (SFV), the viral genome is first encapsidated into a nucleocapsid (NC) in cytoplasm and this is then used for budding at plasma membrane (PM). The preformed NC is thought to act as a template on which the viral envelope can be organized. In the present work we have characterized two SFV deletion mutants which did not assemble NCs in the cytoplasm but which instead appeared to form NCs at the PM simultaneously with virus budding. The deletions were introduced in a conserved 14 residue long linker peptide that joins the amino‐terminal RNA‐binding domain with the carboxy‐terminal serine‐protease domain of the capsid protein. Despite the deletions and the change in morphogenesis, wild‐type (wt)‐like particles were produced with almost wt efficiency. It is suggested that the NC assembly defect of the mutants is rescued through spike‐capsid interactions at PM. The results show that the preassembly of NCs in the cytoplasm is not a prerequisite for alphavirus budding. The apparent similarities of the morphogenesis pathways of wt and mutant SFV with those of type D and type C retroviruses are discussed.


SiC is considered as an interesting material for reinforcement of composites for structural applications. Al-20Si-xSiC nanocomposites (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%), were fabricated by mechanical alloying technique. X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscope were utilized to examine the phase identification, morphology and size of prepared powders. In order to examine the sinterability, the prepared powder was uniaxially pressed and sintered at 450 and 550 °C. The relative density and apparent porosity of solidified composites were tested by water displacement methods. Microstructure of sintered composites was examined by scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties in terms of microhardness, compressive strength, elastic, longitudinal, shear, and bulk moduli as well as Poisson's ratio were measured by suitable techniques. Furthermore, electrical conductivity was also determined. The results revealed that a homogeneous dispersion of SiC grains in Al-Si matrix was accomplished. Also, the crystal and particles sizes of prepared powders were reduced after increasing the amount of added SiC. For the sintered composites, the apparent porosity and mechanical properties were increased with increasing SiC contents. On the other side, the relative density and electrical conductivity were reduced significantly. The density, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of composites sintered at 550 °C were higher than that sintered at 450 °C.


Road traffic is a common phenomenon in cities, and all urban road users suffer its negative effects. Therefore, the subject of this article is a comparative analysis of the exhaust emissions of toxic compounds and the operating parameters of two-wheeled vehicles measured under real operating conditions. The comparison applies to two drive cycles: in the first, the vehicle was travelling in standard city traffic (without using the bus lanes), while in the second, the vehicle travelled on bus lanes, whenever those were available. Such analysis made it possible to evaluate the ecological usefulness of bus lanes by assessing the exhaust emissions and the travel time of the test vehicle. For this purpose, an analysis of the exhaust emission values in time was performed for gaseous compounds (HC, CO, CO2, NOx) from a scooter equipped with a 125 cm 3 displacement engine with a maximum power of 9 kW. The tests were carried out under real operating conditions in the city of Poznań. The route has been chosen so that it consisted of roads with a number of bus lanes. AXIONR/S+ mobile apparatus belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group was used in the research. The device is one of the most modern measuring instruments, where the entire device is a suitcase weighing only 18 kg containing two analyzers for measuring the concentrations of both gaseous and solid exhaust components.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-125503-54321?filename=Road Tests of a.pdf


Background : We have previously reported that same day dosing (SDD) of pegfilgrastim (PG) did not result in an increased incidence of negative outcomes as compared to filgrastim (G) administered the next day. (Watt et al. Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23:406. #105). Age (≥ 65 years) is known to be a risk factor for febrile neutropenia in patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Purpose/Methods : This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of SDD of PG among older cancer patients for severity of neutropenia (grade 4), infection/neutropenia- related hospitalization, incidence of delayed administration (or dose reduction) of chemotherapy or any unplanned MD visits due to leukopenia (table). G administered subsequent to chemotherapy served as the control group. Patients ≥ 65 years with solid tumors who received fractionated dose chemotherapy at our institution between January 2001 and March 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who received chemotherapy initially at substandard doses were excluded. Results : Patient demographics indicated that the two groups were evenly matched, with similar mean baseline absolute neutropenic counts (ANC). Distribution of cancer diagnoses is as follows: PG: breast (7), lung (8), GI (18) and others (2); G: breast (5), lung (9), GI (7) and others (4). Twenty-six (87%) and 21 (84%) patients had stage IV cancer in the PG and G groups, respectively. The mean ANC nadirs for PG and G were 2790±2190 cells/mm³ and 1820±1930 cells/mm³, respectively (p=0.01). For the outcome endpoints, although certain trends seemed to favor SDD of PG, none of the odd ratios (OR) performed reached statistical significance. Doses of PG and G were generally well-tolerated by all patients. Conclusion : Concurrent administration of PG showed safety and efficacy at least comparable to G in elderly patients receiving fractionated dose chemotherapy. Such administration schedule has the potential to further simplify the outpatient management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, providing the needed convenience for elderly patients as well as caregivers. However, further prospective study is warranted.


This study aims to analyze the experiences of sexual abuse victimization in dating and its impact on school adolescents. Its aboute a qualitative study with five students from the high school who suffered sexual violence in their relationships. The data were interpreted based on the Bardin content analysis. The initial units were grouped into thematic axes, namely: victimization experience and perceptions about violence and impacts and strategies of coping and overcoming of the violence suffered. The data show from subtle experiences of violence to attempts to maintain forced sexual intercourse in dating relationships, often preceded by previous experiences in other relational spheres and overlapping of violence. The impacts produced differ according to the characteristics of the violence suffered, but feelings of fear, guilt, shame and social isolation were common, as well as suicidal behaviors. The main forms of coping included sharing experiences with mothers, changing attitudes toward relationships, and only one adolescent turned to protective organs, undergoing revictimization. The study allowed us to know the experiences of victimization by sexual abuse in adolescents dating.


Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronically elevated serum glucose levels resulting in damage of several tissues (e. g. retina, kidney, nerves) due to higher protein glycation, retardation of wound healing, impaired insulin secretion, enhanced insulin resistance, cell apoptosis, and increased oxidative stress. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), representing 90-95 % of all diabetic cases, is a multifactorial disease where impaired insulin secretion and the development of insulin resistance ultimately leads to hyperglycemia (Hengesh, 1995). The end of the 20th century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of patients diagnosed with diabetes worldwide. The predicted number for the year 2025 is well over 300 million representing a 4-5 % yearly increase of the population above 20 years of age (Treadway et al., 2001). This striking prevalence can even be an underestimate due to methodological uncertainties as well as undiagnosed cases (Green et al., 2003). The highest increases are expected in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and South America, while European populations seem to be less affected (Diamond, 2003). T2DM has been considered as the adultor late-onset variant, however, the recent decade has seen the appearance and spreading of the disease among young people including children: this forecasts severe economic and health service burdens in the near future (Alberti et al., 2004; Ehtisham & Barrett, 2004). The epidemic of T2DM is in conjunction with genetic susceptibility: evidence for a genetic component to the disease are accumulating, and the potential of these factors in the treatment and prevention of diabetes has been reviewed (Barroso, 2005; Bonnefond et al., 2010; Sladek et al., 2007; Toye & Gauguier, 2003). A similarly high contribution to this epidemic may originate from behavioral factors such as sedentary lifestyle, overly rich nutrition, and obesity (Bloomgarden, 2004). Especially due to its long term complications (Brownlee, 2001) like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and in particular cardiovascular diseases, as well as significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene, and limb amputation diabetes has become one of the largest contributors to disability and mortality. Although several pathomechanisms (Lowell & Shulman, 2005; Panunti et al., 2004; Stumvoll et al., 2005) are under investigation, no firm understanding of the molecular origins (Ross et al., 2004) of the disease exists.


It is suggested that all Regge trajectories α(t) have a branch point at t=0 and are complex for negative t. A number of consequences and conjectures based on this possibility are discussed.


The biogenisis of porphyrins and the problems involved in the chemical synthesis of porphyrins and their biogenetic intermediates are briefly discussed. The direct synthesis from readily available pyrroles is not often possible, because substitution reactions are sometimes blocked by groups already present on the pyrrole ring. -- The properties of some pyrrole anilides, thioanilides and esters were investigated, and some unusual reactions were encountered. Several pyrrole thiolesters were successfully synthesised from the thioanilides and from a modified Knorr synthesis with ethyl acetothiolacetate. -- The Raney nickel desulphurisation of pyrrole thiolesters was investigated, and it was found that the thiolester group could be converted to a formyl or in some cases a methyl group in this way. The desulphurisation reactions were found to give very good yields and the method represents a useful new route to pyrrole aldehydes. -- The acylation of pyrrole esters and thiolesters by perchloric acid/acetic anhydride; silver borofluoride/acetyl chloride; and trifluoroacetic anhydride/carboxylic acid mixtures were investigated. Trifluoroacetic anhydride alone produced good yields of trifluoroacetylated pyrroles all of which were new compounds. -- Some examples were found in which carbon disulphide, used as a solvent in Friedel and Crafts reactions with pyrrole esters, sometimes reacted with the pyrrole to produce derivatives of dithioacids. -- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are given for many of the compounds prepared in this work.


Access to bottleneck facilities has become a theme of central interest not only for the future evolution and interpretation of EU Competition Law but also for market and economic development in a much broader framework in the European Union, as in the United States and elsewhere. With the current economic transformation and the growing importance of the "networked" sectors, a number of similar situations2 have emerged across these sectors which show common characteristics and are leading to the development of sector specific regulatory regimes, but also to a more sophisticated interpretation of general Competition Law.


Digital watermarking is typically applied to identify audio or image data copyright ownership. This paper propose a flexible and low complexity framework for authentication at the physical layer where the authentication information is embedded as watermarking into the baseband modulated waveforms of main messages. This authentication scheme is stealthy to uninformed users, robust to channel interference and secure for the verification of identity and information integrity. Performance analyses are presented that demonstrate the potential application to strengthen wireless communication systems security. Index Terms—Authentication, modulation, watermarking, physical layer.


Features of the life cycle and genomic structure of HSV1 provide an ideal starting point for the engineering of: 1) tumorselective recombinant mutants, and 2) vectors for delivery of entire genomic loci into cells. For the rst application, we have engineered HSV mutants that target defects in the p16 tumor suppressor pathway, thereby allowing selective replication in tumor vs. normal cells. Tumor cell killing by such mutants can be combined with delivery of additional anticancer cDNAs to provide multimodal therapy. However, hyperacute and acute immune reactions may limit the ef cacy of viral oncolysis. Avenues to overcome such limitations will be discussed. For the second application, we have generated a "helper-free" packaging method that allows us to convert any bacterial arti cial chromosome (BAC) containing human genomic loci into an infectious virion particle (iBAC). The iBACmethod thus allows us delivery of complex genomic sequences into cultured andprimary cells. For example, iBACs containing the genomic loci for the LDL receptor, for HPRT and for the CDKN2 region can be successfully expressed in cells. This method should thus allow investigations into the complexity of the human genome.


The invention discloses an external traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating fungal dermatopathy, which is mainly composed of 20-50 parts of rhubarb, 20-50 parts of dried alum, 20-65 parts of mirabilite, 45-105 parts of sulphur, 3-10 parts of borneol and 125-265 parts of realgar. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing the rhubarb, the dried alum and the realgar to mix with other medicines, evenly stirring, placing the obtained mixture into a ceramic or glass container, pouring 130-260 parts of alcoholic solution containing 65-85% of ethanol, soaking at normal temperature for over 150h, then adding 340-720 parts of purified water, fully stirring, soaking for over 30h, filtering soak solution, precipitating the obtained filtrate for over 80h, sucking out the precipitated filtrate, sub-packaging and sealing the precipitated filtrate in the containers to obtain the finished product. The preparation has the characteristics of high and quick effect, simple components, easy preparation, low cost, no toxic and side effect, conformity to the pharmacopoeia requirement, no recurrence after curing and being safe and economical.


Swallow: Foreign Bodies, Their Ingestion, Inspiration, and the Curious Doctor Who Extracted Them. Mary Cappello. The New Press; 2011

As I started reading Swallow: Foreign Bodies, Their Ingestion, Inspiration, and the Curious Doctor Who Extracted Them , I wondered why somebody would write such a


A study in poetic affinities between Rabindranath Tagore and Robert Frost seems a bit strange to the reader as both the poets belong to two different nations. Apparently there is no connection between the two great poets – one belongs to America and the other belongs to India with a poetic career spanning the last four decades of the 19 th century and the first four decades of the 20 th century. The affinities between Tagore and Frost are clearly seen in their works. In respect of their poetic vision, their attitude to nature, the world, sense of beauty and wonder, yearning for the ideal, both the poets share a considerable portion of similarities. However, a sense of divergence from each other prevails beneath the similarities as Tagore is a devotee and his appreciation, particularly in the West, refers to him as a mystic poet, while Frost is an agnostic. This paper attempts to make a comparative study of Frost's 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' and Tagore's "Aimless Journey" with a view to unfolding the astonishing similarities and differences between the poets. IIUC Studies Vol.12 December 2015: 27-40


than due to any nuclear degeneration, such as has been suggested. lt is interesting to note that considerable atrophy of the plexus of nerve fibres beneath the layer of nerve cells of the anterior corpora quadrigemina has been noted in cases of tabes dorsalis, though the sclerosis of Meynert's decussation is probably so slow that it will possibly never be demonstrated by Marchi's osmic acid method of staining, and it would not be sufficient to show by the negative method of staining by Weigert-Pal.


In this paper, we describe a dataset relating to cellular and physical conditions of patients who are operated upon to remove colorectal tumours. This data provides a unique insight into immunological status at the point of tumour removal, tumour classification and post-operative survival. Attempts are made to learn relationships between attributes (physical and immunological) and the resulting tumour stage and survival. Results for conventional machine learning approaches can be considered poor, especially for predicting tumour stages for the most important types of cancer. This poor performance is further investigated and compared with a synthetic, dataset based on the logical exclusive-OR function and it is shown that there is a significant level of "anti-learning" present in all supervised methods used and this can be explained by the highly dimensional, complex and sparsely representative dataset. For predicting the stage of cancer from the immunological attributes, anti-learning approaches outperform a range of popular algorithms.


In this paper, the use of Cylindrical Multivalued Transform (CMLT) for defining an Integral Transform Measure is examined. This Measure is robust to the effect of noise and quantization errors. These signatures are used as low level primitives in computer vision system for the purpose of recognizing curves and surfaces (shapes). Algorithms for evaluation of these signatures are presented. Properties of these signatures are also discussed.


In the marine industry, as many as 26 fires can be expected to occur every year on small passenger vessels, and the majority of those fires likely will occur on vessels that are underway. This article reports on these trends and many others identified in an analysis recently conducted by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). The USCG Compliance Analysis Division examined fires on U.S. flagged, USCG-inspected passenger vessels less than 100 gross tons that are operated under regulations found in 46 CFR Subchapter T. The USCG examined data reported between Jan. 22, 1992 and Dec. 5, 2000 to determine if any trends exist in the fires on those vessels to prevent future fires and accidents from occurring.


We are developing prototypes that explicate our vision of connecting personal medical data to scientific literature as well as to emerging grey literature (e.g., community forums) to help people find and understand information relevant to complex medical journeys. We focus on robust combinations of natural language processing along with linked data and knowledge representation to build knowledge graphs that help people make sense of current conditions and enable new manners of scientific hypothesis generation. We present our work in the context of a breast cancer use case. We discuss the benefits of biomedical linked data resources and describe some potential assistive technology for navigating rich, diverse medical content.


In this study, the nesting frequency of Lepidochelys olivacea (Golfina Turtle) was compared in two conservation beaches: Punta Rancho San Cristobal (5 km long) and El Suspiro (11 km long), during two years (2012 and 2013) by comparing the length (km) and width (A, B and C) of the beach. The analysis indicated that in 2013, zone B was the most recurrent for both locations. Zones A and B showed differences for the two beaches, the first having a lower nesting. Regarding the area per kilometer, El Suspiro beach showed the largest nesting between 6-8, and Punta Rancho San Cristobal beach at kilometer 3-4, the last being where there are human settlements, by causing a negative effect on the alteration of laying places of females.


Buying a property is a massive investment,and the unfamiliar market in China,and uncertainty over policy and regulations in the sector,means foreign buyers need to be cautious.


For the mobile handset antennas, it is well known that the antenna performance depends strongly on the size of its chassis which typically consists of printed circuit board and RF shield. To reduce the chassis influence, a novel compact inverted-triangle current choke is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional inverted- U current choke, the proposed choke has a size reduction up to 44%. A sample antenna with the proposed choke operating at the center frequency of 3.5 GHz is fabricated and measured. Measured results show that the proposed choke significantly mitigates the influence of the chassis to the antenna performance.


English as the most widely used language in the world is learned by undergraduate students, both who are majoring in English and those who are not majoring in English. English speaking skill is an important skill because it is needed in order to have a conversation to communicate but mastering English speaking skills is not easy. The purpose of this research was to determine undergraduate students' perceptions of difficulties in speaking English, especially undergraduate students majoring in non-English languages.This study used a qualitative descriptive method with data analysis techniques based on the results of interviews with informants and through a questionnaire conducted to 67 undergraduate students. The results of the study indicate that there are psychological, social, lecturer, and linguistic factors that cause students to have difficulty speaking in English. If the undergraduate students have a perception of what difficulties they face to be able to master English speaking skills then they will be able to find solutions to overcome these difficulties. This will help them in improving their English speaking abilities


XP emphasises underlying values as well as the more visible twelve practices. We explore the relationship between practices and values from two perspectives: empirical and theoretical. We present empirical evidence that the twelve practices create a community in which the XP values are supported and sustained. We also present models of culture from other domains which suggest that an alternative set of practices can produce a community with the same underlying values. We conclude that the twelve practices are both significant and not significant.


We have measured the standard potentials of the system U(III)/U(0), in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic, within the temperature range from 400 to 550°C. The cell used has been the following:

The work has been carried out in glove-boxes, under inert atmosphere, and special care has been taken in preventing even the slightest oxidation of U(III).

A comparison has been made with previous results, obtained by different Authors.


High-precision strontium (Sr) isotopic measurements were obtained for 53 Pliocene and Pleistocene molluscan shells from emerged marine deposits around the coasts of Arctic North America to test whether such data can be used for chronostratigraphic purposes. 87Sr/86Sr ratios from Sr isotopic measurements on many marine fossils from Arctic Ocean borderland sites are broadly consistent with their expected values based on independent age control and on a comparison with the Sr isotopic evolution of seawater recorded in deep-sea cores. All 87Sr/86Sr ratios measured for shells from Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits are consistent with expected values, but only 9 of 22 ratios in shells from older deposits are consistent with independent age estimates. Aberrant 87Sr/86Sr ratios are consistently higher than expected. At Nome, Alaska, and Baffin Island, Canada, all 87Sr/86Sr ratios are higher than expected. Because these shells were formed along the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean margins, respectively, their h...


Local government is one critical component of governments globally, charged with the responsibility of discharging services to the citizens. The signifi cance of local government lies in power concentration within a state. The article will focus on the assessment of the local government level/tiers/spheres towards the achievement of a developmental state, in various countries. The article highlights a discourse on the centralisation and decentralisation in developmental states. Thus, the debate focuses on the importance of using local government as the immediate agents for achieving a developmental state.


This paper examines how private, employer-sponsored health insurance and publicly provided health insurance affect the distribution of income among families in 1989 and 1992. Data are drawn from the March 1990 and 1993 Current Population Surveys (CPS). Information on the value of employer-sponsored health insurance and on Medicaid comes from the Urban Institute's TRIM2 microsimulation model. The analysis focuses on nonelderly households with children and documents changes in median cash income for one- and two-parent families, dividing them according to racial/ethnic affiliation. It establishes trends in cash income inequality among racial/ethnic groups and examines the effect of health benefits on inequality both within and among the groups.


There is melancholy beauty in the Feminine Taoist's poems in the Tang Dynasty. This article analyzes this melancholy beauty from four facets as follows: (1) The melancholy beauty of sigh of surviving. (2) The melancholy beauty of seeing off. (3) The metancholy beauty of the love's vanishing into thin air (4) The melancholy beauty of a family's being broken up and a country's being lost.


Many health care institutions, primarily private ones, are increasingly attracting professional income tax payers in their activities, drawing up civil law contracts with them. At the same time, this type of contracts is often used by unscrupulous taxpayers to avoid paying mandatory payments, in connection with which the tax authorities pay special attention to the control of these contracts. The article considers the differences between the employment contract and the civil law contract, lists the signs of substitution by the civil law contract with the payer of the tax on the professional income of the employment contract, used by the tax authorities when retraining relations with an individual into labor.


Library, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW. Some of this material appeared in Nicholas Thomas's Colonialism's culture: anthropology, travel and government (Princeton, NJ, 1994). Walker and Becke may be regarded as having been peripheral to the main thrust of colonial expansion in the South Pacific, bit players in the tragedies enacted. In Bad colonists Nicholas Thomas and Richard Eves use them to provide a window into the realities and fantasies of island life, framing their letters with perceptive, critical commentary that explores colonial degeneration. Thomas comments on the Walker letters and Eves illuminates those by Becke. This is ' a work of experimental history, stimulated by the critical anthropology of colonial cultures and by reflective writings on history making'. It focuses on 'the failure or degeneration of coherent selfhood in tropical situations beyond civility' and on the significance of personal letters as 'vehicles for selffashioning'. Letters are vital cultural documents, not only as historical sources in the conventional sense, but as 'artifacts of selfhood, sometimes expressions of the failure of selfhood'. The editors' methodological approach gives primacy to 'colonists' fantasies and realities' rather than those of indigenous people. The letters and the incisive commentaries on them exemplify 'an undeveloped genre of critical and reflective scholarship', investigating the theme of individual self-fashioning. With 21 marginally interesting black-andwhite illustrations (including a portrait of Louis Becke), helpful notes and five pages of bibliography, Bad colonists is an exceptionally well researched and elegantly written exploration of two lives spent braving the turbulence of the pre-colonial South Pacific. It is a notable, fascinating and insightful contribution to our historical understanding, so often obscured hitherto by imperialist and anti-imperialist narratives. It will open up new and enlightening areas of research, enabling us better to understand ' the most glorious moments of empire from the vantage point of the poor white'.


The 'written' is the traditional domain of lawyers, for written materials provides a tangible soil from which legal contents can be extracted and converted into binding evaluative standards (ie legal normativity) on the basis of which the behaviour of addressees is appraised. The 'written' is thus the primary receptacle of all binding evaluative standards at which lawyers direct their interpretive activities. This is not to say that 'the written' enjoys an exclusive monopoly on the production of legal normativity. Most legal systems somehow accommodate the creation of binding evaluative standards through non-written materials. International law, however, distinguishes itself from other legal systems by virtue of the generous room it reserves for legal normativity generated through non-written materials. Indeed, when it comes to the production of binding evaluative standards, the 'non-written' has always enjoyed a privileged position in international law. For instance, the doctrine of customary international law famously allows the behavioural generation of rules, that is the creation of legal normativity through the general, uniform and consistent conduct of states (and possibly other actors) and its congruence with the corresponding anthropomorphic opinions of those actors about their own obligations. The same holds for general principles which are also commonly recognised – albeit reluctantly resorted to by international courts – as permitting the generation of legal normativity through a comparative and synthetizing account of domestic practices. It is true that the designation of non-written materials as sources of legal normativity by virtue of customary law and general principles is not specific to international law. Yet, international law


The question of realistic premise of historical materialism in"German Ideology"was raised by Marx and Engels based on the materialist world outlook they obtained.From the internal context in which Marx and Engels expressed this idea,the establishment of historical materialism opened a new vision.The purpose of defining this premise was not to provide basic categories or logical starting point for the theoretical construction of historical materialism.Instead,it was meant to include all the activities of realistic individuals and relevant condition of material life under historical inspection to show their individual existence and historical relations,which can serve as the point of departure and methodology for historical materialist investigation.


Along with the performance improvement in NLP domain, the sizes of transformer-based language models ( TLM ) are also dramatically increased. Some prior works intend to compress TLM models into more compact forms, but do not fully consider the hardware characters may not support the efficient execution for these forms, leading to the deployment of TLM on hardware with noticeable acceleration is still challenging. This paper thoroughly designs a compression scheme named GPUSQ-TLM to maximally utilize the GPU-friendly 2:4 fine-grained structured sparsity and quantization characters . Especially, a dense TLM model is first pruned to meet the GPU's acceleration constraint of sparse patterns with FP16 type, then it is further quantized into a fixed-point one by quantization-aware training, to provide an extra speedup for integer tensors on GPU. A mixed-strategy knowledge distillation of labels, logits and feature maps is used for best accuracy compensation during pruning and quantization process. Experiment results show GPUSQ-TLM scheme achieves state-of-the-art compression on TLM model of various encoder and de-coder blocks with negligible accuracy degradation on SQuAD, GLUE, CNN-DM & XSum and WikiText benchmarking tasks. Moreover, GPUSQ-TLM can boost actual deployment performance by up to 4.08-4.25 × times latency and 6.18-6.79 × throughput on A100 GPU.


The genetic diversity of 383 maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds were studied by 26 SSR markers,UPGMA method was used to carry on the cluster analysis,the predominance groups of corn materials were divided and classified.The results showed that 117 alleles were detected through 26 SSR primers.The average number of alleles locus by per SSR primers were 4.5 with the range which was from 2 to 8.PIC value for each SSR locus varied from 0.371 to 0.846,with the average of 0.647.The UPGMA analysis indicated that all the inbreds from different regions were divided into six groups.The result could provide a reference for hereditary and breeding of maize.


advanced ornithologist of the Eastern States is provided with the latest and most complete epitome of the subject which he could wish for. Indeed it will now, we should think, be a difficult problem for the ornithological book maker to know how to plan another book at all original, either in scope or treatment. What between keys, check lists, manuals and ornithological biographies, the field of avian biology has been pretty well covered, although not entirely. We yet need, we think, elaborate, detailed, circumstantial bird lives; we require the results of more prolonged field studies. For example, we have been unable to find in a number of books at hand, how long the robin is engaged in building its nest, just when its eggs are laid, etc.; the book before us does not state whether the kingfisher uses the same hole year after year. Questions of this sort put to us by an incipient ornithologist of eleven years, we cannot answer from the books at hand. Moreover many of our ornithologists are boys from ten to sixteen years of age; they do not find even in books like the present such details of bird life as are suggested above, and on the other hand they are repelled here and there by hard words, words which we sometimes cannot explain to them. Technical expressions and words which save but a few letters or syllables should in such books as the present be substituted for more round-about but comprehensible expressions. The boy's book of birds has therefore yet to be written, and perhaps this will be the next ornithological book to be offered to the public. Yet with its slight shortcomings the present is a most admirable, fresh manual, and will for many a day lead the list of our sermi-popular ornithological books. It is handy, compact and reasonable in price, well printed and tolerably well illustrated. The work describes both the land and water birds, and represents the entire bird fauna of New England.


The main objective of this project is to develop an inundation detection and evaluation framework using images from traffic monitoring cameras and reliable flood monitoring under extreme precipitation conditions. This study presents a comparative assessment of image enhancement and segmentation techniques to automatically identify the flash flooding from the low-resolution images taken by traffic-monitoring cameras. Due to inaccurate equipment in severe weather conditions (e.g., raindrops or light refraction on camera lenses), low-resolution images are subject to noises that degrade the quality of information. De-noising procedures are carried out for the enhancement of images by removing different types of noises. After the de-noising, image segmentation is implemented to detect the inundation from the images automatically. In addition, the detection of the inundation using the image segmentation with and without de-noising techniques are compared. The results indicate that among de-noising methods, the Bayes shrink with the thresholding discrete wavelet transform shows the most reliable result. For the image segmentation, the Bayesian segmentation is superior to the others. The results demonstrate that the proposed image enhancement and segmentation methods can be effectively used to identify the inundation from low-resolution images taken in severe weather conditions. A new Bayesian filtering method will be devised and applied to estimate the inundation from low-resolution images that will allow traffic engineers to take preventive or proactive actions to improve the safety of drivers and protect and preserve the transportation infrastructure. This new observation with improved accuracy will enhance our understanding of dynamic urban flooding by filling an information gap in the locations where conventional observations have limitations.


A challenge for online retail firms is managing stockouts when substitute products are available. Firms have options to set prices or offer substitute products to retain or release the consumers following stockouts. We develop a game-theoretic model in which competing online firms face the decision whether to price low enough so that, following product stockouts, their consumers remain in their stores by turning to unfamiliar substitute products that are in stock or even to attract their competitor's consumers following stockouts at their competitor, or price high enough to release the consumers to the competitor. We demonstrate that our model's unique equilibrium is one of three types: retain-consumer, release-consumer, or all-firm-i-consumer. Our analyses of the equilibria show that firms have the opportunity to use prices as a stockout recovery mechanisms, but surprisingly, they may choose not to do so under certain circumstances, dependent on the consumer search costs of unfamiliar substitute products on their sites.


Surface electromagnetic waves are widely used in modern plasmonics to transmit and process microwave and terahertz-frequency signals via transmission lines and electronic components having only one conducting surface. In the case when the dimensions of such a surface are finite, the excitation of spatially localized oscillations is possible, and the conducting surface itself works as a surface electromagnetic wave resonator (SEWR). Microwave properties of such a SEWR are well studied for the case when its dimensions coincide with the dimensions of dielectric substrates attached to the conducting surface. In contrast to that in this paper we study the microwave properties of a SEWR consisting of a metal film situated on a single oversized dielectric substrate having larger dimensions than the film. We show that in such a system untypical nonresonant dependences of the SEWR oscillations' frequencies on the resonator dimensions are observed. They can be explained by the transformation between two modes: the surface mode existing above the metal film surface and the other mode localized in/near the dielectric substrate. We believe the observed effect can be used for the development of SEWR-based devices suitable for the applications in modern plasmonics and microwave technology.


Recently, battery powered electric vehicles (EV), such as the Tesla Model S, have reached commercialization. Future EVs will likely pair the battery with a supercapacitor to extend battery life by minimizing the effects of high power and rapidly fluctuating loads. As such, this paper investigates optimal power management of an EV powertrain with both a battery pack and a supercapacitor as energy sources. The battery‐supercapacitor‐based powertrain has four distinct controllable modes, each with a unique set of dynamics and constraints. Unique power flow expressions for the supercapacitor, vehicle motion, and drive system induction motor are presented. The overall powertrain is represented as a switched interconnected dynamical system having both differential and algebraic constraints in each mode of operation. Constrained by this model, this paper sets forth a hybrid model predictive control strategy for minimizing velocity tracking error and frictional braking (to encourage regenerative braking) while encouraging fast recharge of the supercapacitor. The optimization is performed using a relaxed representation of the control problem (termed the embedding method), collocation for discretization, and traditional nonlinear programming to compute the mode and continuous control inputs. The methodology avoids the computational complexity associated with alternative approaches such as mixed‐integer programming. The developed optimization methodology is shown to be useful as a rapid iterative prototyping tool by varying vehicle mass and electric drive maximum power to find combinations that result in satisfactory tracking performance of a trapezoidal drive profile. Performance of the originally specified powertrain and a first design iteration are compared using simulations of the EPA highway and urban drive profiles and the new European drive cycle to verify the first design iteration gives improvement.


Tantalum is the ideal metal for most severe corrosion situations. It offers a superior technical choice in installations where glass lined equipment is subject to mechanical damage or thermal shock failures. The high cost of tantalum has traditionally been a major impediment to its broad use in large pressure vessels. Tantalum/steel explosion clad offers a commercially viable alternative. The tantalum cladding surface offers all of the benefits of wrought tantalum; the steel base metal is low cost and readily fabricable. The world's largest, heaviest, tantalum clad vessels to date have been recently fabricated by AstroCosmos. The presentation discusses the scale up in manufacturing techniques, both cladding and fabrication, which made this success possible. Issues related to manufacture and resulting equipment benefits are presented.


The clinical results of rotator cuff surgery were usually satisfactory. However, in some cases, the clinical symptoms recurred after rotator cuff surgery. We wish to present five cases of subcoracoid impingement syndrome after surgery of the rotator cuff tear. Five patients were diagnosed as having subcoracoid impingement syndrome after the surgery for a rotator cuff tear. The average age of the five patients was 66 years (60 to 78 years), All the patients had had Neer's anterior acromioplasty and surgery for a rotator cuff tear (repairs-2, latissimus dorsi transfer-1 and partial resections-2). The tear size of the rotator cuff at the initial surgery was two incomplete and three massive. Subcoracoid impingement syndrome was diagnosed by effective subcoracoid block with 1.5cc of 1% Lidocaine. All the patients had anterior shoulder pain at horizontal flexion, the x-rays revealed a superior migration of the humeral head. CT findings represented a narrowing of the coraco-humeral space. Coracoplasty was performed on three patients, after which, their symptoms disappeared. Intraoperative findings revealed degenerative changes of the subscapularis tendon and anterior of the humeral head in all cases. The coracoacromial ligament was adherent to the deltoid in two cases. Subcoracoid impingement syndrome is one of the important causes of anterior shoulder pain after surgery for a rotator cuff tear.


Density functional theory calculations are used to study the association of arsenic (As) atoms to lattice vacancies and the formation of As-vacancy pairs, known as E centers, in the random Si 0.375 Ge 0.5 Sn 0.125 alloy. The local environments are described by 32-atom special quasirandom structures that represent random Si 1- x-y Ge x Sn y alloys. It is predicted that the nearest-neighbor environment will exert a strong influence on the stability of E centers in ternary Si 0.375 Ge 0.5 Sn 0.125 .


This article develops a methodology to empirically study and cope with deep uncertainty and dynamic complexity when the actors in a traditional supply chain make a transition toward more mature closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management. The methodology addressed calls for innovative research and decision-making approaches in this field. Mature, in this context, refers to moving operationally and mentally away from a stochastic, one-dimensional and static approach to CLSC management, towards an exploratory, multi-dimensional and dynamic approach. To empirically study and cope with deep uncertainty and dynamic complexity in a CLSC context, a conceptual framework and related methodological toolbox are developed, together called the 'closed-loop integration: collective keystones methodology' (hereinafter CLICK methodology). The conceptual framework entails six maturity stages, which have been defined based on the well-known capability maturity framework and the concept of double-loop learning. Based on the conceptual framework, methods to equip the toolbox have been systematically identified and evaluated. The study identified 31 potentially appropriate methods, varying from non-participatory methods, to the active engagement of actors and stakeholders, and from analytical methods to evaluation/assessment methods.


Abstract In two well-kept but nonsprayed orchards, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), was more numerous and caused more leaf damage to Delicious than to Spartan or McIntosh apple trees. The predacious phytoseiid mites, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Neoseiulus caudiglans (Schuster), were more numerous on both Spartan and McIntosh than on Delicious. The differences in the external structure of the leaves may be the reason for the greater abundance of phytoseiids on Spartan and McIntosh.


As a special decorative pattern with distinctive national features in the history of Chinese costume,the origin of the patterns of dragon and phoenix can be traced back to the worship of totem in the primitive society.When they were shaped,the patterns of dragon and phoenix could be used by all people of the tribe.However,they developed a symbol of status and power gradually,and,as a result,more and more people were excluded to use these patterns after the hierarchical division was formed and strengthened.The history of the patterns of dragon and phoenix exposes the characteristic of the deduction of the culture as a special form of power.


THE STRENGTH OF WEAK SOCIALTIES: SOCIAL ACTIVISM AND FACEBOOK Nichole Akai Giraldi Old Dominion University, 2016 Director: Dr. Garland White The use of Social Networking Sites, Facebook in particular, has become a major avenue of communication; Facebook has become a platform where people can discuss any topic of their choice to include social issues within society. While some argue Facebook is only a disseminator of information, others argue that in addition to being a disseminator of information it is also a motivator of social activism. Facebook profiles consist of one's social ties, both strong and weak, which have the potential to expose users to different information daily. Using Mark Granovetter's strength of weak social ties theory as a framework, the purpose of this study is to determine if Facebook users are influenced by their weak social ties to participate in social activism. The data utilized in this study is secondary data collected by the Pew Research Center. The findings include a relationship between social ties and social activism and a relationship between particular acts of social activism and social ties. This research concluded that Granovetter's theory is not applicable to Facebook users in that it is not one's weak social ties that influence them to participate in social activism, but rather their strong social ties.


As an important aspect of university training,the enrollment system affects the achievement of the education objectives.Doctoral training is a typical representative of the"elite education"in higher learning.The"application-examination system"embodies the requirements for doctoral education and provides guidance for its concepts,contents of study and educational methods.


This paper begins with an outline of the current German drug control system. Drug use and drug control are viewed theoretically as complementary components of a complex social and historical process that integrates sociology, the sociology of law, political science, and social psychology. The German drug control system is viewed as a byproduct of these different disciplines. Within this context, the evolution of pertinent drug laws and their implementation are discussed. Recent developments are viewed as taking place in a series of stages based on three paradigms: (1) criminalization, (2) medicalization, and (3) acceptance. Over time there seems to have been a slow transition from the first to the last of these paradigms, implying that elements of all three approaches have been integrated into various policies and strategies that differ between states and regions of Germany, as well as between different levels of drug policy and drug care.


In this paper, we argue that having a large number of non-redundant friends-that is, friends who do not know each other-is conducive to upward mobility. We define friendship patterns using two quantities: the number of all friends and the density of ties among friends. Applying a job-mobility model, based on the utility anticipated from a possible new job, we test the hypothesis that social capital in the form of sparse networks, also known as networks with structural holes, positively stimulates upward mobility-above and beyond social characteristics traditionally used in status attainment research. On the basis of survey data gathered in Poland, we test social capital hypotheses pertaining to change in earnings during a five-year period, 1998-2003. Our results indicate that non-redundant ties among friends influence income attainment. In addition, we find that fifteen years after the collapse of communism, having friends who were members of the communist party is an inhibitor of upward mobility, while having friends who were entrepreneurs increases people's chances of establishing their own businesses, independently of the number of potential bridges between friends.


Causal relation identification is a crucial task in information extraction and knowledge discovery. In this work, we present two approaches to causal relation identification. The first is a classification model trained on a set of knowledge-based features. The second is a deep learning based approach training a model using convolutional neural networks to classify causal relations. We experiment with several different convolutional neural networks (CNN) models based on previous work on relation extraction as well as our own research. Our models are able to identify both explicit and implicit causal relations as well as the direction of the causal relation. The results of our experiments show a higher accuracy than previously achieved for causal relation identification tasks.


Exploring the problems and challenges faced by the academic library cataloging,this essay analyses the solutions by SWOT,provides reference for university library managers and cataloging librarians to make future plan,so as to keep cataloging working more smoothly and attracting the attention of university authorities and the policymakers of libraries.


The behavior of velocity, magnetic field, and pressure perturbations about a continuously varying interface in pressure equilibrium is investigated in detail within ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. A specific initial value problem is solved in quadrature for a thin interface and compared with the solution for a discontinuous interface. The unattenuated surface wave about a discontinuous interface is replaced at a thin interface by a collective surface disturbance which decays, with the associated energy density flowing into local oscillations within the interface. At long times the envelope of the local oscillations is concentrated within a small fraction of the thin interface (gradients within the envelope increase linearly with time, eventually resulting in a breakdown of the linearized ideal theory). Thus, the derived decay rate of the surface disturbance gives a mode-conversion rate rather than a heating rate. In applications to the propagation and dissipation of surface waves in the solar corona, this rate cannot in general be interpreted as a coronal heating rate.


Small And Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is an economic sector that has an important role for economic growth in Indonesia. The level of employment in SMEs, resulting in the role of labor is very influential for SMEs. On the other hand, environmental issues have become an significant factor for the development of SMEs. Therefore, to ensure the sustainability of the business, it is necessary to introduce environmental and social aspects within the framework of the business. Environmental management at the operational processes of business (SMEs), has a positive influence on the sustainability of SMEs in the short term and long term. Green human resource management (Green HRM) is one tool that can be used to manage labor SMEs involving environmental aspects. This study aims to determine the implementation of green HRM in SMEs. The method used is observation and interviews conducted in three SMEs in Sidoarjo. Results showed that SMEs owners do not understand the implementation of green HRM indicated that the working patterns of employees who do not pay attention to the environment.


An evanescently coupled waveguide photodiode (EC-WG-PD) for both 1310-nm and 1550-nm wavelength bands has been developed for use in long-haul and high capacity very-short-reach (VSR) transmission systems. The EC-WG-PD is much more robust than a conventional waveguide photodiode (WG-PD) under high optical input operation because its absorbed optical power density is distributed along the light propagation in the waveguide. High external quantum efficiency of 65% for 1310 nm and 74% for 1550 nm, and a high 3-dB-down bandwidth of 41 GHz were demonstrated. No significant degradation of the frequency response was observed up to an average photocurrent of 10 mA. Moreover, a clear receiving eye-waveform was obtained at 40 Gb/s for an implemented single-output receiver module.


4-Methyl-α-phenylethanol was synthesized using Pd-C as the catalyst at the low hydrogennat- ion pressure from 4-methylacetophenone. The reaction condition was studied and optimum condition is that the amount of catalyst is 3%, hydrogenation pressure is 0.3MPa and the ratio of methanol with 4-methylacetophenone proportion is 1:1.


snowplow diesel train chugged southwest through a brisk night in December 1955. The engine trailed an oldfashioned boxcar, one door ajar, letting in the crisp air outdoors. Inside, huddled in blankets and perched about a potbelly stove, Margaret West, Ruth Raup, and Burnet Davis of the Public Health Service (PHS) contemplated the enormous task before them. The previous year, under the provisions of PL(Public Law)83-568, Congress had moved the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Indian Service, Health Division from the Department of the Interior to PHS. The transfer


Recent studies in linguistics have shown that metaphor is ubiquitous. This has important consequences for language learners who need to use it appropriately in their speech and writing. This study aims to provide a preliminary measure of the amount and distribution of metaphor used by language learners in their writing across Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) levels. Two hundred essays written by Greek- and German-speaking learners of English are examined for their use of metaphor. The findings are that the overall density of metaphor increases from CEFR levels A2 to C2. At lower levels, most of the metaphoric items are closed-class, consisting mainly of prepositions, but at B2 level and beyond, the majority of metaphoric items are open-class. Metaphor is used to perform increasingly sophisticated functions at each of the levels. At B2 level, significantly more errors start to be perceived in the metaphorically used words, and there is more evidence of L1 influence. Descriptors are provided for CEFR levels A2-C2 regarding the use of metaphor.


Forest fires release gases, ashes and particulate matter into the atmosphere, affecting the atmospheric radiation budget. The increment of aerosols by particles emanating from biomass burning affects solar radiation, mainly in the troposphere, by multiple scattering and interactions between molecule and aerosol scattering for several days after the fire. Among the topographic normalization methods, the Minnaert method assumes the anisotropic reflectance of surfaces by introducing the Minnaert constant, the value of which is affected by the atmospheric diffusion of light. In this paper, a methodology is developed in order to study atmospheric effects on this value. This is based on the optimum value of the Minnaert constant, which is the value that leads to the higher classification accuracy. The methodology has been tested on four Landsat TM and three SPOT XS images respectively. The optimum Minnaert value presented a high decrement (0.1–0.2 instead of 0.8–0.9) for two images. Both of them had been captured shortly after fires, without being visibly affected by smoke and atmospheric perturbation effects. The proposed methodology has successfully revealed fires through the Minnaert constant. This methodology has also revealed the quality of the image. Sahara dust events are also to be investigated through the Minnaert constant.


The power efficiency of the final stage power amplifier (PA) in a RF transmitter is critical for the overall power consumption, size, lifetime, and reliability of RF transceiver products, especially for portable low-power highly-integrated RF-SoC applications. This paper discusses the limitations and issues in applying the analytic design equations for designing highly efficient RF class E PAs. The main focus of this work is on the validation of the previously published analytic design equations for optimal class E PAs design, as we implemented the PA designs using both discrete RF transistors and monolithic RF ICs at 300 to 2400 MHz. It is found that these analytic design equations available in the literature for RF class E PAs design largely ignored some important physical factors such as the bias sensitivity for the transistor, the undesired device parasitics at RF frequencies, the finite inductance and the low quality factor of the RF choke and/or tank inductors, the time-varying input impedance, and PA stability, etc. They are therefore in general not adequate for predicting the optimal class E PA performance at RF frequencies.


Background: Yoga is considered to be effective in overcoming various physical and mental health problems. Effect of yoga on promoting mental health has been reported. Aim: This study was undertaken to analyze the effect of yoga on mental state of people, which indicates the psychological condition of the mind. Research Design: Survey method was adopted under the study. Sample: Consisted of 100 randomly selected yoga practitioners. Tools used: Used an interview schedule containing questions on how much yoga has contributed to improvement in their "mental state" through yoga, and what period of time were they able to experience the improvement in the mental state. They were given five point responses, which were scored from 5 to 1. The interview schedule also asked the respondents about the diseases / medical problems which have reduced through the practice of yoga, when compared to taking treatment alone (which was scored based on the percentage of reported diseases which have reduced), the number of years of yoga practice and the average number of days of yoga practice per week. The data was analyzed through correlation, regression and t test. Results: While about 45 % of women report maximum improvement in their mental state through the practice of yoga, only about 21% of men report maximum improvement. While 34% of women experience improvement in mental state for 75 to 90% of the time, only 18.6 % of men experience improvement for this period of time. The score for the level of improvement in mental state through yoga for women and men are 4.23 and 3.78 respectively, with statistically significant difference between them. Regression analysis indicates that 77% of the variation in the level of mental state improvement through the practice of yoga is explained by the parameters, namely, reduction in diseases / medical problems due to the practice of yoga, number of years of yoga practice, number of days of yoga practice and the time period of mental state improvement through the practice of yoga. Among these, number of days of yoga practice and time period of mental state improvement through yoga exerts more influence on the level of mental state improvement. There also exists good correlation between various parameters considered in the study. Conclusion: The study establishes the effect of yoga in maintaining good mental state among the practitioners. Hence, practice of yoga will ultimately help in reducing various psycho-somatic disorders also due to improvement in the mental state of people


tary conscription, the payment of taxes, and the undisciplined conduct of Soviet and Polish Communist military and security forces. Resistance was also fuelled by the growing perception that the new regime was not authentically 'Polish'. However, the rapid decline of the patriotic pro-independence movement as a result of Communist terror tactics, sheer exhaustion from war, and the acceptance of a general amnesty meant that overt military action against the Communists and their Soviet overlords was limited and had effectively ceased by early 1947. At that point, therefore, the new regime was moving inexorably towards total domination of the county, as it was in the rest of Poland. It was helped in this by the fact that the ethnic map of the region had been forcibly changed in the preceding years: the Jews had either been murdered in the Holocaust or, in the case of the few survivors, had settled in other parts of Poland, or had emigrated; the Germans had been polonized, and the Ukrainians deported to the Soviet Union. This brilliantly conceived and compellingly argued monograph also contains copious footnotes that are a veritable treasure-trove of information for the specialist, along with no fewer than 65 statistical appendices. Chodakiewicz's outstanding work will occupy a leading position in international scholarship, and contribute substantially to debates on this vital and often controversial period of Polish history.


This book examines four texts—1 Enoch, 4QInstruction, Matthew and 2 Enoch—and argues that in each the revealing of wisdom to an elect group inaugurates the eschatological period. This idea leads to the fusion of sapiential and apocalyptic elements.


The invention provides an array-type drip irrigation control device capable of automatic feedback of soil humidity. The array-type drip irrigation control device comprises a power supply unit, soil humidity monitoring units, a control unit, a solenoid valve and a drip irrigation pipe, wherein the power supply unit is connected with the soil humidity monitoring units, the control unit and the solenoid valve respectively; and the solenoid valve is connected on the drip irrigation pipe; a plurality of soil humidity monitoring units are arranged and distributed in the soil to be detected in an array manner. The invention also provides a control method of the array-type drip irrigation control device. The array-type drip irrigation control device capable of automatic feedback of soil humidity can be used for effective monitoring and estimation of the soil humidity condition and active drip irrigation of water and fertilizer, effectively improves the working efficiency, and reduces pointless waste of water and fertilizer.