Formaldehyde cabinets at ambient temperature have been used to sterilize heat-sensitive operating instruments in our operating rooms. The instruments were placed in formaldehyde cabinets with a capacity of 0.4 m J either wrapped in linen cloth or not wrapped. To generate the formaldehyde gas, 240gof formaldehyde-adsorbed plaster was deposited in the boltom ofthe cabinet. The efficiency ofthe sterilizing process was periodically examined using the spores of B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus. During the past four years and two months, a total of 224 tests were performed, and 58 tests (25.9%) showed positive bacterial growth. Of 63 tests performed in the year of 1978 and 1979, no positive bacterial growth was observed at the exposure time of over 97 hrs. However, in January of 1980, the exchange inte'rval of formaldehyde-adsorbed plaster was shortened from 4 to 2 weeks; thereafter, among 161 tests no bacterial growth was observed at the exposure time of over 73 hrs.


This paper investigates the problem of actuator identification of a 3-DoF Delta parallel robot, by means of linear AutoRegressive Moving Average with eXogenous input (ARMAX) and nonlinear dynamic Neural Network AutoRegressive with eXogenous input (NN-ARX) methods. To this end, the ARMAX and NN-ARX approaches are used to develop a scheme which is capable of identifying a model for each actuator. Based on the ARMAX structure, an accurate model of the actuation system is derived. The model is then trained and tested using the data collected from a real robotic setup. Using a dynamic neural network capabilities, an identification and prediction scheme is designed for modeling the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the system. The NN-ARX is trained based on the collected data from the system, and the new trajectory data is used to validate both methods. By considering the results of experimental implementations, three servo motors are demonstrated to have different dynamical behavior which was expected to happen from the outset, due to uncertainty in fabrication of motors component and gearbox. In the identification and prediction stages, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) index is used to validate and analyze the performance of each method using the validation data from new trajectories. In terms of predicting the output of the system, NN-ARX performed better than ARMAX with RMSE of 0.001441, compared to ARMAX with RMSE of 0.0886. Due to the high accuracy of the obtained models. thus they can be used in the design of motion controllers and modelling disturbances in the system.


Corals in nearshore marine environments are increasingly exposed to reduced water quality, which is the primary local threat to coral reefs in Hawaii. It is unclear if corals surviving in such conditions may have acclimatized and/or adapted to withstand sedimentation, pollutants, and other environmental stressors. Lobe coral (Porites lobata) populations from Maunalua Bay, Hawaii showed clear genetic differentiation along with distinct cellular protein expression profiles between the 'polluted, high-stress' nearshore site and the 'lower-stress' offshore site. To understand the driving force of the observed genetic partitioning, reciprocal transplant and common-garden experiments were conducted using these nearshore and offshore coral colonies from Maunalua Bay to assess phenotypic differences of stress-related physiological and molecular responses between the two populations. Physiological responses (tissue layer thickness, tissue lipid content, and short-term growth rates) were significantly different between the populations, revealing more stress-resilient traits in the nearshore corals. Changes in protein profiles between the two populations highlighted the inherent differences in the cellular metabolic processes and activities under the same environmental conditions; nearshore corals did not significantly alter their proteome between the sites, while offshore corals responded to nearshore transplantation with increased abundances of proteins associated with detoxification, antioxidant defense, and regulation of cellular metabolic processes such as lipid oxidation. The response differences across multiple phenotypes between the two populations suggest local adaptation of nearshore corals to reduced water quality. Our results provide insight into coral's adaptive potential and its underlying processes, and reveal potential protein biomarkers that could be used to predict resiliency. Significance Statement Coral reefs worldwide are declining, and losses have accelerated over the past decade from human-induced disturbances and stressors. Globally, climate change has resulted in temperature-induced mass coral bleaching events. Locally, pollution and sedimentation have resulted in the loss of coral cover and species, and genetic diversity within coral populations. This study demonstrates the value of modern "omic" technologies for identifying cause-and-effect relationships between stressors and coral losses, and the importance of maintaining genetic diversity, including protecting corals adapted to marginal and extreme habitats, for enhancing coral reef resilience, and supporting coral recovery and restoration efforts. Effective, science-based actions are needed to provide a legacy of vital coral reefs for the future.


The invention relates to a static actuator and preparation method and instantaneous perturbation resistance method thereof. The static actuator comprises a fixed electrode, a first movable electrode and a second movable electrode, wherein the fixed electrode is a pad-shaped electrode of the lead electrode which is fixedly connected with a substrate; the first movable electrode is a pad-shaped electrode which is arranged above the substrate for a set height; the second movable electrode is rectangular box pad-shaped electrode and is arranged between the fixed electrode and the first movable electrode and on the same plane of the first movable electrode; and the first movable electrode and the second movable electrode are both connected with elastic parts. The static actuator of the invention has technical characteristics of monolithic integration, adaptability and the like and also has high precision positioning and high reliability so as to effectively overcome the impact perturbationintroduced by the external environment, especially the perturbation caused by instantaneous vibration.


Recently, space weather practitioners have borrowed a methodology called an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) from theweather and atmospheric science community. Essentially, an OSSE uses a numerical model to test the impact on model performance by simulating observation factors such as the use of different model drivers, or assimilating different data or utilizing different orbits. This method is extremely powerful for selecting and prioritizing which observations can improve weather forecasts or for eliminating observations that are not effective for model performance. Balthazor et al. [2015] use an OSSE to examine the benefit in model performance from adding various combinations of satellite/sensor data to the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements-Full Physics (GAIM-FP) model. They focus on understanding what is needed for improved forecasts of ionospheric plasma irregularities that cause scintillation, or loss of signals from GPS satellites that are used, for example, for precision navigation by the aviation industry. The OSSE examines the impact of different orbit scenarios and numbers of satellites. On each of the simulated,


A program aimed at developing a new PPO2 oxygen sensor and a replacement amplifier for the Space Shuttle Orbiter is described. Experimental design methodologies used in the test and modeling process made it possible to enhance the effectiveness of the program and to reduce its cost. Significant cost savings are due to the increased lifetime of the basic sensor cell, the maximization of useful sensor life through an increased amplifier gain adjustment capability, the use of streamlined production processes for the manufacture of the assemblies, and the refurbishment capability of the replacement sensor.


Background: Thalassemia is a blood disorder characterized by the reduction or absence in the synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin. Nearly 10% of children suffering from Thalassemia are being registered as new cases every year in Rajasthan. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, burden and coping strategies among caregivers of thalassemic children. Methods: Data were collected from 150 caregivers of thalassemic children selected by purposive sampling technique at Umaid hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Data collection tool included self-structured knowledge questionnaire, Burden scale and Structured Brief COPE scale. Results: Equal numbers 36% and 35.33% of caregivers were having poor and good level of knowledge respectively, knowledge levels of the subjects were found to have significant association with monthly family income (p value=0.000), education (p value=0.007) and place of living (p value=0.000). 74.3% of caregivers reported moderate level of burden. Burden levels of the subjects were found to have significant association with Monthly family income (p value=0.000), and place of living (p value=0.000). Adaptive coping strategies were more evident as compare to maladaptive strategies. Conclusions: Knowledge was significantly lacking regarding diet management, benefits of exercise, role of iron chelation therapy etc. Continuous care of children put caregivers under moderate level of burden. There is great need to plan, implement health awareness programme for these caregivers.


Objective To discuss the effects of applying percutaneous suture-mediated closure device (Perclose) to the effecacy and safety after the treatment of anticoagulation and antiplatelet. Methods Retrospective analysis of the success rate, failure rate and the vascular complications of manual compression and the Perclose after coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with anticoagulation and antiplatelet treatment. The CAG group only received routire anticoagulation and antiplatelet, and the PCI group received intensive anticoagulation and antiplatelet treatment, including ticlid or plavix before PCI and heparin during the PCI. Results 218 patients were performed with the Percloses. There were 120 patients in the CAG group and 98 in the PCI group. The success rates were 91.7% and 90.8% respectively (P0.05), which were lower than that with manual compression. The failure rates were 8.3% and 9.2% respectively, but the vascular complications were less than 1%. Hematoma and femoral artery infection were seen in the PCI group, but happened less compared with manual compression. The removing of the arterial sheaths will not be limited by the anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies, and it could be performed immediately after CAG and PCI, making hemostasis more easy to archeive. It could also reduce the burden of the medical staff, and be accepted by the patients. Conclusion Femoral arterial closure following PCI using regular and intensive anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies could be safe and effective with vascular complication rates similar to or lower than with manual pressure.


Interactive Data Language (IDL) is an array-oriented data analysis and visualization application, which is widely used in research, commerce, and education. It is meaningful to make user IDL applications collaborative between computers over networks, using a common message broker as the underlying communication system. In order to achieve the global collaboration, we have brought together in the research a Grid-based collaboration paradigm, a shared event model, different implementing structures, methodologies and technologies. We have succeeded in our prototype codes, and we are currently working on a real life IDL application package to make it collaborative. At the same time, we are trying to find better structures and methods for the collaboration in general user IDL applications.


Division of application No. 13/834,359, filed on Mar. 15, 2013, now Pat. No. 9,271,054, which is a continu ation-in-part of application No. 13/363,943, filed on Feb. 1, 2012, now Pat. No. 9,179,296, which is a con tinuation-in-part of application No. 13/093.998, filed on Apr. 26, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,995,923, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 12/958,296, filed on Dec. 1, 2010, now Pat. No. 9,077,564, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 12/616,958, filed on Nov. 12, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,190,119, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 12/397, 225, filed on Mar. 3, 2009, now Pat. No. 7,970,351.


Intensive physical activity during the training and competition increase the activity of processes of free radical oxidation and lipid peroxidation, and thereby reduce the glycolytic capacity and performance capacity, impair the body's ability and anaerobic performance indicators. Intake of antioxidant complex Dihydroquercetin+ & Apitonus+ activates antioxidant system designed to slow down these processes. However, the excessive growth of the antioxidant properties of the body can also be regarded as an adverse effect. To achieve a favorable effect should be to maintain a balance between pro-oxidant processes and antioxidant activity of the organism.


This study, the first to examine the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in explaining intentions and behavior to remain smoke-free, generated smoke-free related beliefs in adolescents and examined their association to the TPB global constructs (i.e., attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intention, and behavior) 1 month later in a population of intermediate students (N = 214) in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The results showed that intentions to remain smoke-free were significantly predicted by attitudes and PBC, whereas smoke-free behavior was determined by PBC. From a global TPB perspective, PBC appears to be the dominant variable within the TPB framework on which to guide a smoke-free adolescent intervention. These results have the potential to inform new interventions that address remaining smoke-free that are relevant to adolescents. However, the preliminary nature of these findings warrant further study before any firm conclusions can be drawn.


Every separable coordinate system for the Hamilton-Jacobi equation on a Riemannian manifold $V_n$ corresponds to a family of $n-1$ Killing tensors in involution, but the converse is false. For general n we show how to characterize those involutive families of Killing tensors that correspond to orthogonal separation, and for $n=3$ those families that correspond to nonorthogonal separation.


Manifestly exotic scalar resonance X 0 (2900) 0 with minimal quark content of [¯ c ¯ sud ] was reported by LHCb [1] in 2020. More recently LHCb reported [2, 3] discovery of manifestly exotic T c ¯ s 0 (2900) 0 and T c ¯ s 0 (2900) ++ scalar states, degenerate with the X 0 (2900). We argue that these are three of six members of the flavor SU (3) F symmetry 6 -plet. We predict the partial widths of D (2900) ∗ 0 , the crucial non-strange missing member of the tetraquark 6 -plet, and discuss the optimal decay channels for its detection.


With millions of Web users visiting Web servers each day, the Web log contains valuable information about users' browsing behavior. In this work, we construct sequential classifiers for predicting the users' next visits based on the current actions using association rule mining. The domain feature of Web-log mining entails that we adopt a special kind of association rules we call latest-substring rules, which take into account the temporal information as well as the correlation information. Furthermore, when constructing the classification model, we adopt a pessimistic selection method for choosing among alternative predictions. To make such prediction models useful, especially for small devices with limited memory and bandwidth, we also introduce a model compression method, which removes redundant association rules from the model. We empirically show that the resulting prediction model performs very well.


The New fossil remains of Stegolophodon have been collected described and discussed from the site situated at the southeast of the Padhri (32 o 52' 009 N: 73 o 18' 297 E) outcrops of the Dhok Pathan Formation district Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan at an altitude of about 1083 ft (Fig. 2). The described remains comprise second and third upper molars. After thorough investigation of the molar pattern, it is concluded that studied specimens clearly resembles to the species Stegolophodon cautleyi, which is found in the Late Miocene of the Siwaliks. The Stegolophodon suggests the evergreen forest.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in of women with normal weight, overweight and obesity in two age groups. We evaluated 50 women, divided into two groups of different age brackets (31–45 years and 46–60 years). All the participants answered an identification form for socio-demographic and clinical aspects, followed by the evaluation of body weight and height to calculate the Body Mass Index and nutritional status classification. The quality of life was assessed by using the Quality of Life Questionnaire. The first group was composed of seven women with normal weight, seven with overweight and eleven obese participants. The second group – G2 – contained nine women with normal weight, nine with overweight and seven with obesity. Generally speaking, the participants evidenced a good quality of life. However, the second group showed significant difference in the Functional Capacity and Vitality, indicating that obese women showed impairment in physical activities or in daily life and a greater sense of fatigue when compared to women with overweight. Finally, the quality of life is a subjective and individual perception little affected by obesity. However, it is not implausible that obesity is a risk factor for women's health.


February 27, 2022 marks the 80th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation, Deputy Academician-Secretary of the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Vasilyevich Beregovyh.


Since December 2019, the recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID - 19) has continued to spread drastically around the world. To date, no approved drug or vaccine is av ailable to treat or prevent this new coronavirus (SARS - CoV - 2) infection. Unprecedented global effort has been made by researchers to understand the various routes of SARS - CoV - 2 virus transmission in order to effectively prevent the contamination. In this r eview, we discuss the updated literature regarding the different mo des of SARS - CoV - 2 transmission.


Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases during pregnancy, affecting about 4% to 12% of pregnant women and shows an increasing prevalence over time. In the past decades, several studies have identified asthma as a risk factor for several poor fetal and maternal outcomes. A consensus exists on favoring the use of asthma medications during pregnancy to maintain asthma under control to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. An assessment of the published literature on maternal asthma medications and the risk of major congenital malformations revealed more data on the safety of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) during pregnancy compared to long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA), as well as a paucity of data on the fetal safety of combination therapies (e.g. LABA-ICS). A three-part research program was developed to fill this knowledge gap and answer other intriguing questions we faced, adding necessary evidence in this field. In the first part, we summarized the published evidence on the impact of maternal use of SABA and LABA during pregnancy and different perinatal outcomes in a comprehensive systematic review. Twenty-one original studies were identified. Four studies reported a significant increased risk of congenital malformations with SABA, one study reported a significant increased risk of congenital malformations with LABA and four studies reported a significant increased risk of congenital malformations with beta2agonists (SABA and/or LABA). However, no major increased risk was found for the other perinatal outcomes. Importantly, most of the retrieved studies suffered several methodologic limitations, including using non-asthmatic women as the reference group and low statistical power. Moreover, the non-significant results reported should be interpreted with caution. In the second part, we used the Quebec Asthma and Pregnancy Database – which includes all pregnancies in asthmatic women and a random sample in nonasthmatic women between 1990 and 2010 – to conduct two studies. The first was a comparative safety study examining the prevalence of major congenital malformations in pregnant


On-site machining requirements are significantly different from machining in a factory or other semi-controlled environments. Depending on size, geometry, weight and simple practicality, it is not always possible to disassemble a defective part or component and to bring it into a factory for refurbishing or repair. Machining components of a wind tower at an altitude of close to 100 meters must happen on-site, while being exposed to the elements such as sleet and ice, rain or sand storms, or cloudless skies near the equator. Maintaining machining accuracy and repeatability in such conditions is then challenging. Design considerations for a machine to improve machining accuracy and repeatability for surface finishing of objects on-site are presented and comparisons to previously achievable accuracies and repeatabilities are drawn.© 2010 ASME


Certain ink‐jet printer nozzles consist of two orifices in series. Since the pressure impinging on the nozzle is transient, a study of nozzle impedance and fluid mechanics was motivated. Air was used, and the orifices were fabricated in equal diameter plates attached to a piston driven cylinder. The space between the plates, and the outer orifice, were open to ambient. The independent variables studied were: 0.23⩽d2/d1⩽0.94; 0.4⩽t/d1⩽2.6; and 660⩽P′/ρων⩽4120, where d1 and d2 are the inner and outer orifice diameters, ω is frequency, P′ is the acoustic pressure magnitude, and t is plate spacing. Hot‐wire anemometry and a standing wave resonance method were used to obtain nozzle impedance and air velocity measurements. The impedance data showed the nonlinear behavior characteristic of a single orifice. The velocity data showed that t/d1 has the largest effect on the magnitude and nonlinearity of the fluid velocity at the outer orifice.


This paper deals with the response phase of humanitarian relief. We model the first operations of distribution of humanitarian aid in a disaster area that correspond to a rich vehicle routing problem (VRP) where we aim at minimising maximum delivery time. Regarding the model attributes' complexity, we develop a column generation approach to solve the optimisation model. This approach relies on a specific pricing problem that generates routes with negative reduced costs to add to the master problem. These routes define the sequence of demand points to visit and the quantities to be carried to each one.


This study evaluates consistency of the trickle down hypothesis, that shows parabolic relationship between poverty incidence and per capita aggregate gross domestic product (GDP), with Indonesia data. In addition to aggregate GDP, the hypothesis was also tested by using GDP disaggregated by sector and adding some alternative price variables. The study shows that per capita aggregate GDP is not significantly related with poverty incidence. Impact of disaggregated GDP varies by sector and by region. Agriculture GDP has the greatest impact on poverty incidence in rural area, whereas industrial GDP determines poverty incidence in urban area. Poverty incidence is also determined by rice price. These findings indicate that promoting agricultural development, food crop subsector in particular, is an appropriate strategy for poverty alleviation.


As stress testing becomes more and more widespread as a risk measurement tool of choice, new questions are formulated about its applications to portfolio management. One of the most important ones for fund managers is: 'How do we analyze results of stress tests for benchmarked portfolios?' We will see that the standard approach of stress testing decomposition that works very well for absolute return portfolios is actually quite misleading when applied to those managed against the benchmark. We will suggest performance attribution based approach to the analysis of the result of the stress tests that overcomes these problems and results in much clearer risk signals to the portfolio managers.


The description about the design, manufacturing and installating of the trunk pipe and the bifurcated pipes of the steel penstock of Dalongtan Hydropower Station is given.


The use of cementitious materials for construction of buildings and structures started during ancient civilization. Science of modifying physical and chemical properties of cementitious materials is a continual process which is because of a need to increase reactivity and improve strength and durability properties of binders. Due to increasing demand of modern infrastructures and continual depleting of binder sources the scientist, engineers and researchers work hard on improving binding properties of cementitious materials for construction of low cost and durable structures. Among of the factors which affect binding properties of cementitious properties are densities, surface areas and particle size distribution. Several methods and procedures have been developed to determine these physical properties on which other require huge capital investment and others takes long time to complete a test which hinders further investigation and improvement of alternative binders.This study investigated that there exist an 'S' curve similar to particle size distribution curve when time air flow against weights of sample measured using Blaine apparatus is drawn.  The gradients of lower and middle lines of the curve and values at turning points were synthesized to determine specific densities, specific surface areas and particle size distribution of powder materials. The approach is time saving and the equipment is affordable by many researchers. In order to have accurate results the approach can be automated.


The article deals with the work of the seventeenth century anatomist Cecilio Folli who, between 1639 and 1645, republished a treatise by L. Botallo on the foramen ovale. Both Folli and Botallo, following Aristotelian philosophy, advocated the thesis that this anatomical structure did not disappear in adults.


Layered metal sulfides (LMSs) with larger interlayer spacing are suitable for Li+ intercalation/extraction and possess relatively higher theoretical specific capacity than commercial graphite. However, pure LMSs show inherent low conductivity and irreversible huge volume expansion in lithium uptakes. In this work, we introduce an interesting van der Waals heterojunction between two popular LMSs, i.e., MoS2/SnS2 van der Waals heterojunction grown on reduced graphene oxide (MoS2/SnS2-rGO), which is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process. The MoS2/SnS2-rGO nanocomposite exhibits a remarkable interface synergistic effect due to the weak van der Waals interaction on their nanocrystalline, which leads to an enhanced energy storage performance compared with MoS2-rGO and SnS2-rGO. The MoS2/SnS2-rGO exhibits better cycling stability of 894 mAh g–1 at 200 mA g–1 after 55 cycles and excellent rate performance of 590 mAh g–1 at 1 A g–1 for LIBs. This work proposes that weaker van der Waals interactions between ...


Detection of pretreatment disseminated cells (pre‐DTC) reflecting its homing to bone marrow (BM) in prostate cancer (PCa) might improve the current model to predict recurrence or survival in men with nonmetastatic disease despite of primary treatment. Thereby, pre‐DTC may serve as an early prognostic biomarker. Post‐treatment DTCs (post‐DTC) finding may supply the clinician with additional predictive information about the possible course of PCa. To assess the prognostic impact of DTCs in BM aspirates sampled before initiation of primary therapy (pre‐DTC) and at least 2 years after (post‐DTC) to established prognostic factors and survival in patients with PCa. Available BM of 129 long‐term follow‐up patients with T1‐3N0M0 PCa was assessed in addition to 100 BM of those in whom a pretreatment BM was sampled. Patients received either combined therapy [n = 81 (63%)], radiotherapy (RT) with different duration of hormone treatment (HT) or monotherapy with RT or HT alone [n = 48 (37%)] adapted to the criteria of the SPCG‐7 trial. Mononuclear cells were deposited on slides according to the cytospin methodology and DTCs were identified by immunocytochemistry using the pancytokeratin antibodies AE1/AE3. The median age of men at diagnosis was 64.5 years (range 49.5–73.4 years). The median long‐term follow‐up from first BM sampling to last observation was 11 years. Categorized clinically relevant factors in PCa showed only pre‐DTC status as the statistically independent parameter for survival in the multivariate analysis. Pre‐DTCs homing to BM are significantly associated with clinically relevant outcome independent to the patient's treatment at diagnosis with nonmetastatic PCa.


Background: With numerous methods and recommendations for managing fracture of lateral end of the clavicle, it always creates a clinical dilemma for the treating surgeon. This study is aimed to compare the functional outcome in patients with lateral end clavicle fracture treated either with operative and non-operative modalities.Methods: This non-randomized comparative study was conducted at Department of Orthopedics, DY Patil Medical College, Pimpri between September 2017 till June 2018, in which all patients with lateral end clavicle fracture were included. Patients were managed either non-operatively or with precontoured locking compression plate was fixed with 4 mm locking screw or 3.5 mm cortical screw. At the final follow up (at least one year) patients' functional outcome was assessed using the Constant and Murley score.Results: A total of 57 patients were included in the study and 93% of the patients with operative management and 66% with non-operative treatment had a union time of 8 weeks or less. Out of the 27 patients who underwent non-operative treatment, three had malunion, two had non-union and five had deformity. Based on the Constant and Murley score, 27% of the patients in the operative group had an excellent outcome, and in the non-operative group, 8% had excellent functional outcome. The functional outcome was significantly better in the operative group (p=0.034).Conclusions: A better understanding of the risk factors for nonunion would help us to make decision between operative and nonoperative treatment. Randomized trials comparing the operative and non-operative treatments would help in understanding the merits of one method over other.


The paper presents the results of an investigation into the effect of acid immersion on the aging of room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber coatings in inclined plane tests (IPT). Two commercial coatings, RTV-A filled with ATH (aluminum tri-hydrate) and RTV-B filled with silica, are compared before and after acid immersion. Acid aging consists of immersing the samples in 3.9 pH nitric acid at a temperature of 90/spl deg/C for 2 weeks. The relative comparison between the two samples is based on the development of the fundamental and third harmonic of the leakage current during IPT tests, eroded area, the time to failure and SEM microphotographs. All of these observations show that acid rain damages RTV-A more severely than RTV-B. However virgin ATH filled sample showed a better performance compared to the silica filled material.


Through the introduction of LTE (Long Term Evolution), which is a next-generation radio access network, the traditional circuit switching system in cellular telephony networks is migrating to VoLTE (Voice over LTE). Although LTE can provide high quality and high bandwidth, the call processing capacity of a VoLTE system is designed for normal traffic density, as is the traditional cellular network. However, its performance, measured by the successful call rate, deteriorates when overwhelmed by the large number of calls generated by the special circumstances such as large gatherings and disasters. At such times, users continue to retry calls until the call goes through, resulting in additional degradation of system performance. In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve performance in such circumstances by placing a hold on calls that are likely to fail, and automatically making those calls in IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), which is the main call-control function in VoLTE. Finally, we present a simulation of our proposal that demonstrates its effectiveness when users are persistent with their calls.


Patient who presented an injury to the right lower limb (Achilles region) with tendon exposure and sloughs, secondary to decubitus after prolonged immobilization. Femoropopliteal occlusion was evidenced with anklearm index of 0.36. Given the complexity of the lesions, the non-revascularization option and the high risk of the patient, a conservative approach was decided and a surgical debridement of the lesion was performed. After enzymatic debridement using topical urokinase (100,000 IU / 100ml NaCl 0.9%), negative pressure therapy was started, which allowed the wound to heal in 14 weeks. Negative pressure therapy can be particularly useful as a treatment of arterial ulcers in patients with chronic non-revascularizable ischemia.


Given a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) with finite state, input and measurement spaces, and costly measurements and control, we consider the problem of when to sample and actuate. Both sampling and actuation are modeled as control actions in a framework encompassing estimation and intervention problems. The process evolves freely between two consecutive control action times. Control actions are assumed to reset the conditional distribution of the state given the measurements to one of a finite number of distributions. We tackle the problem of deciding when control actions should occur in order to minimize an average cost that penalizes states and the rate of control actions. The problem is first shown to boil down to a stopping time problem. While the latter can be solved optimally, the complexity of the optimal policy is intractable. Thus, we propose two approximate methods. The first is inspired by relaxed dynamic programming, and it is within an additive cost factor of the optimal policy. The second is inspired by consistent event-triggered control and ensures that the cost is smaller than that of periodic control for the same control rate. We conclude that the latter policy can deal with large dimensional problems, as demonstrated in the context of precision agriculture.


Next-generation automotive radars provide elevation data in addition to range-, azimuth- and Doppler velocity. In this experimental study, we apply a state-of-the-art object detector (PointPillars), previously used for LiDAR 3D data, to such 3+1D radar data (where 1D refers to Doppler). In ablation studies, we first explore the benefits of the additional elevation information, together with that of Doppler, radar cross section and temporal accumulation, in the context of multi-class road user detection. We subsequently compare object detection performance on the radar and LiDAR point clouds, object class-wise and as a function of distance. To facilitate our experimental study, we present the novel View-of-Delft (VoD) automotive dataset. It contains 8693 frames of synchronized and calibrated 64-layer LiDAR-, (stereo) camera-, and 3+1D radar-data acquired in complex, urban traffic. It consists of 123106 3D bounding box annotations of both moving and static objects, including 26587 pedestrian, 10800 cyclist and 26949 car labels. Our results show that object detection on 64-layer LiDAR data still outperforms that on 3+1D radar data, but the addition of elevation information and integration of successive radar scans helps close the gap. The VoD dataset is made freely available for scientific benchmarking.


The crystal structure of the title compound ( C 18 H 24 NO 2 ) was determined from X-ray diffraction data using direct methods. The crystals are tetragonal, a = b = 17.618 (1) A, c = 10.121 (2) A, Z = 8, V = 3141.5(7) A, space group P4(2)/n. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.052. The central dihydropyridine ring is nearly planar while the outer two rings adopt half chair conformation.


Although evaluations show that state and local economic development programs have few effects on economic growth or redistribution of economic activity, explanations for the failures are incomplete. Technocratic explanations have dominated economic development research but cannot account for many program activities. Based on evidence from a Minnesota program, the best explanation emphasizes a perspective of bureaucratic and political imperatives. Economic development programs are not designed and implemented in ways that can achieve their goals, principally because of important politicalforces. Administrators must run a program to garner support of legislators, a governor, and opinion leaders for program survival. State and locally elected officials need economic development programs to deliver quick, visible projects in their efforts to solve their districts' economic problems, manage business climate politics, and achieve other aims. Achieving implicit goals means that programs only occasionally undertake activities likely to achieve explicit aims.


This research study sought to evaluate performance drivers and measures used in the manufacturing industry, establish effectiveness of various measurement approaches and indicators used, and the relationship between approaches to performance drivers and organizational performance. The research study adopted an interpretive research stance; supplemented by a mixed research approach. A case study focusing on the Boeing Company was analyzed, data was collected using secondary sources, and content analyzed. The findings indicate that the key performance drivers include order to delivery speed, innovation, process automation, brand reputation, and customer acquisition. Various financial and non-financial performance measures include operating cash flow, net earnings, operating margins, revenues, earnings per share, production rate, order backlog, airplane deliveries, carbon emission reductions, water intake, energy use, hazardous waste discharge, employee giving back to the community, new product development, customer churn, new total orders, net orders, and orders cancelled. The study concluded that the ability to integrate the non-financial measures with the financial ones provides a balanced picture to the organization. Performance measurement is purposeful in establishing areas of weakness, which provide the basis for improvement, accountability purposes, evaluation and control, and benchmarking against competitors. No evidence indicating the use of performance measurement for purposes of employee motivation and reward, accomplishment of budgeting activities, and proper resource allocation. Although the performance measures and indicators used are broadly effective, key weaknesses exist.


This article documents the public availability of (i) transcriptome sequence data and assembly for the rostrum dace (Leuciscus burdigalensis) naturally infected by a copepod ectoparasite (Tracheliastes polycolpus) and (ii) SNPs identified and validated from RAD sequencing for the Ugandan red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles) using RAD sequencing.


Background Anxiety neurosis is a common type of neurosis characterized by anxiety. Genetic, biological, and psychological factors can all lead to the occurrence of anxiety disorder. In order to improve the treatment effect of anxiety disorder, the study integrates the educational concept of curriculum ideological and political education into the classroom education of college students, analyzes the positive impact of curriculum ideological and political education on the group of college anxiety disorder patients, and provides more treatment interventions for the treatment of anxiety disorder. Subjects and Methods 160 college students with anxiety disorders were selected as experimental research subjects. The experimental group received psychological education on ideological and political concepts in the curriculum, while the control group received psychological education on traditional teaching concepts. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL90), and Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ) were used for evaluation. Results The teaching integration of ideological and political courses has a positive impact on alleviating the anxiety and depression of college students (P<0.05), and can effectively improve the patient's self-acceptance level (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the effect on anxiety is more significant (P<0.05). Conclusions From the perspective of educational psychology, the integration of teaching and curriculum ideological and political education has a positive impact on the intervention of anxiety disorder in college students, and all scales have higher scores than the control group.


A rather recent development in economics is the formal study of how human groups device ways of governing the coordination of actions that produce externalities without the need of a Leviathan with perfect information and costless ways of enforcing rules, or without the need to individualize the property rights over the resource to allow the invisible hand to coordinate choices and results. Social Capital is one of the terms proposed by leading authors like Putnam (1993) to explain those means (e.g. norms or rules) that groups use to govern themselves. SelfGovernance Institutions has been an alternative notion proposed by others like Ostrom (1990). Or a synonymous, Community Governance (Bowles, 1999) which also conveys the same notion. In general, economic analysis is now recognizing that individuals may put in place self-governed material and non-material incentives, which induce changes in behavior from self-oriented actions to group-oriented ones, which may produce outcomes that are collectively Pareto superior than those resulting from the purely selfish and short-sighted behavior of individuals. Usually these institutional arrangements achieve the result of correcting the failures of externalities without the intervention of an external agent or the rearrangement of property rights.


Abdominal obesity, also known as beer belly, beer gut, pot belly or clinically as central obesity, is when excessive abdominal fat around the stomach and abdomen has built up to the extent that it is likely to have a negative impact on health. There is a strong correlation between central obesity and cardiovascular disease.(1) Abdominal obesity is not confined only to the elderly and obese subjects.(2) Abdominal obesity has been linked to Alzheimer's Disease as well as other metabolic and vascular diseases.(3)


The development of an overall strategy of continuing education in librarianship in our country, it is updated on the basis of a single hierarchical principles requires the direct involvement resource centers in this process. Training of librarians in a continuous system of education in our country is to build a library of system activity. And this activity is coordinated with the scientific and practical, pedagogical and methodological perspectives that complement each other in close unity with the methodological support system.


Electrical half-cell potential measurement is a valid technique for detecting the existence of corrosion in the steel reinforcement of chloride-containing concrete. The voltage measured is not directly affected by the presence of sodium chloride. The salt affects the voltage only indirectly by its tendency to initiate steel corrosion. Corrosion in saturated calcium hydroxide solution exposed to air occurred in these tests at a sodium chloride concentration as low as 0.03 molar. This threshold concentration was raised to 1.0 molar when oxygen was excluded. To determine whether pH change might be a factor in corrosion, measurements were made in a carbon dixoide- free atmosphere on the pH change produced by addition of sodium chloride to saturated calcium hydroxide solution. The pH of saturated calcium hydroxide decreased with increasing NaCl concentration and increased with decreasing NaCl concentration. Small additions of NaCl up to a concentration of 0.008 molar actually produced a pH increase. The results indicate that pH reduction may contribute to steel corrosion in concrete, but do not conclusively prove that it does. Nevertheless, they suggest the desirability of investigating the addition of alkaline materials to concrete containing, or exposed to, chloride ions above the critical concentration, as a means of restoring a suitable pH and thereby preventing steel corrosion. /Author/


Copolyamides were prepared from mixed diamine components of 3,3′- or 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, piperazine, and dichlorides such as isophthaloyl or terephthaloyl. The obtained copolyamides are random copolymers, which have good solubilities in organic solvents and good mechanical properties, even in water. The asymmetric membranes prepared from the copolyamides [ex: 4I-PIP(20)] not only have more excellent reverse osmosis performance, but also higher chlorine resistance than NOMEX-type aromatic polyamide. New membrane materials with excellent reverse osmosis performance and higher chlorine resistance than the NOMEX-type aromatic polyamide could be demonstrated successfully. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1357–1364, 2000


Image data services has been widely applied in location-based services Web-based for its visually expression. At present, owing to the network multi-user access, transmission bandwidth and the massive image data, how to efficiently transmit the multi-resolution images is the key to achieve the images services in the network environment. After analyzing the traditional multi-resolution image data organization, a data organization based on the tree model is proposed in this paper. Then the paper discusses how to get sub-blocks and compress the image data through the tree model, then perform the dynamic transmit stratification according to the network access bandwidth. Achieve the multi-resolution progressive transmission on network with non-repetition data. Finally, an experiment is presented. The result of experiment shows the progressive transmission of multi-resolution image data.


Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising market and data gathered by IoT devices is highly valuable. The software that handles and stores these data is known as IoT middleware. The devices transfer data to middleware through an application protocol, which can be different from those supported by middleware. This paper proposes an application layer gateway that converts Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT) messages into HTTP. This solution can be deployed on a computer or Raspberry Pi, allowing devices to seamlessly send data to any REST endpoint. Instead of sending data directly to a middleware, IoT devices can send a smaller message to this bridge, which reconstructs it and forwards to a middleware, reducing the stress on the IoT device. The graphical user interface allows users to configure aspects related to messages conversion and forwarding in runtime. The paper demonstrates the efficiency of this approach by evaluating three scenarios where data is sent to Orion context broker (a Fiware project), which reveals that packet size that is sent by an IoT device through this proposed approach is 10 times smaller than other bridges and 17 times smaller than sending an HTTP request straight to the server.


Let $\operatorname{Ord}(\tau)$ be the order of an element $\tau$ in the group $S_n$ of permutations of an $n$-element set $X$. The present paper is concerned with the so-called general parametric m...


The invention discloses a processing method of dynamic video shooting. The method includes: respectively performing short-time shooting of a main body in a background sample and the background sample, performing low-speed shooting of a target background, and respectively generating a first video for recording the main body and the background sample, a second video for recording the background sample, and a third video for recording the target background; and comparing the first video with the second video, extracting an image of the main body from the first video, generating a frame sequence of the image of the main body with transparent background, superposing each frame of the image of the main body in the frame sequence of the image of the main body on the third video in sequence, and generating a dynamic video file for recording the main body and the target background. According to the method, in the process of long-time dynamic video shooting, the time for shooting the main body in front of the lens can be shortened, and user experience is improved. The invention also discloses a processing system of dynamic video shooting.


The major Pleistocene paleobarrier island complexes recognized on the Georgia coastal plain may represent two distinct shoreline sequences. This is suggested by differences in geomorphology and in heavy mineral suites. The higher and older Talbot, Penholoway, Wicomico, Okefenokee and Waycross complexes are characterized by large, linear, undissected sand bodies. The younger Pamlico, Princess Anne and Silver Bluff complexes consist of small, stubby and complexly dissected sand bodies and are similar to those developed on the Holocene shoreline. The average labile (1.88), ilmenite/leucoxene (1.28), and ZTR (22.07) indices of the three older complexes indicate distinctly more mature heavy mineral suites than the average labile, (8.88) ilmenite/leucoxene (4.54), and ZTR (18.42) indices in the younger complexes. The heavy mineral suites of the older shoreline sequence exhibit little variation in mineralogy. The heavy mineral suites in the younger sequence exhibit a greater range in mineralogy, and the suites change progressively from the Pamlico through the Silver Bluff complexes. Continuation of these trends is evident in the heavy mineral suite of the Holocene deposits. The increasing range in composition also indicates the relatively immaturity of the younger complexes. The difference in heavy mineral content between the older (0.53 wt. %) and the younger (1.33more » wt. %) shoreline sequences may result from increased weathering and removal of the labile components during a warm inter-glacial period.« less


Earlier models of quality differentiation showed that the qualities, of differentiated products, were lowered below efficient levels. Recently, qualities were shown to be enhanced, not degraded, in some cases. This paper presents a complete characterization of quality choices under vertical product differentiation by incorporating and refining assumptions on consumer preferences and production technology. This paper shows that the decision to distort quality depends on where the firm's competition quality is located: quality is degraded below (enhanced above) the efficient level when the reservation (or competition) quality is lower (higher) than efficient qualities which are the levels of quality observed in a competitive market (i.e. where marginal willingness to pay equals marginal cost). If the reservation quality is between the two efficient qualities, there is no quality distortion. In competitive markets, the reservation quality is the quality of a substitute good offered by competitors, and thus quality distortion is always present if a multi-product firm competes only at the fringes of its product range. If the competition is in the middle, the firm loses any leverage to distort quality and increase profits. Introducing many levels of quality may be motivated by the desire to fill the gaps in the quality spectrum to maximize control over the quality space. This paper confirms the assertion that the quality distortion occurs at the quality level whose per unit profit margin is lower. However, the claim that a discriminating monopolist tends to enlarge the spectrum of qualities is shown to be valid only if we evaluate the firm's choices apart from the reservation quality or a substitute good. It is proved that the monopolist's quality choices always lie within the interval bounded by efficient qualities and the competition, which should be the relevant quality range. There is no evidence of enlarging quality spectrum arbitrarily even under a monopoly. This paper also provides an example where a merger or a take-over can relax profit constraints.


Let $A$ be a uniformly elliptic operator in divergence form with bounded coefficients.
We show that on a bounded domain $Ω ⊂ \mathbb{R}^N$ with Lipschitz continuous boundary $∂Ω$, a realization of $Au-\beta_1(x,u)$ in $C(\bar{Ω})$ with the nonlinear general Wentzell boundary conditions $[Au-\beta_1(x,u)]|_{∂Ω}-\Delta_\Gamma u+\partial_\nu^au+\beta_2(x,u)= 0$ on $∂Ω$ generates a strongly continuous nonlinear semigroup on $C(\bar{Ω})$. Here, $\partial_\nu^au$ is the conormal derivative of $u$, and $\beta_1(x,\cdot)$ ($x \in Ω$), $\beta_2(x,\cdot)$ ($x \in ∂Ω$) are continuous on $\mathbb{R}$ satisfying a certain growth condition.


t is now well recognized that the population of the western world is aging.' This has led to an increased interest in geriatrics in the United States and EuI rope. In this article, we explore whether the general medical journals reflect this demographically driven geriatric imperative. We have examined the percentage of articles on humans that included subjects over 65 years of age in the New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, British Medical Journal, Annals of lnternal Medicine, American Journal of Medicine, and Archives of lnternal Medicine. We have compared these percentages to those available for hospital discharges and physician contacts for patients over 65 years of age. Our findings suggest that the majority of general medical journals do not reflect the geriatric imperative.


This Overview Statement was drafted, and was agreed to in final version, by the Workshop participants, named at the end of the document. The Statement does not necessarily represent the precise views of every participant on the details of every specific issue, but can reliably be taken to summarize the overall conclusions of the Workshop.


This paper summarized the research methods,particularly expounds those factors,which influence soil organic nitrogen mineralization.These factors including fertilization,cultivation,soil texture,pH,temperature,moisture,the interaction of temperature and moisture,etc..This paper also generalized the area of soil organic nitrogen mineralization should be strengthened.


This document analyses five systems that protect themselves from failures and malicious attacks by coupling and automating protection with their regular operation. We call such systems self-protecting. The goal of designing self-protecting systems is to reduce the trust placed on humans or external protection mechanisms and the corresponding manageability costs. The systems analyzed are: Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, LOCKSS, EigenTrust, SSM and Rx. Our findings are shown in the table below. From our analysis we extract two important design techniques for self-protection: active selfrepair and non-deterministic defense. The systems are later compared with respect to these two techniques.


A pneumatic manipulator for teaching belongs to teaching aids and comprises a base, a machine body, a back box body, a horizontal movement mechanism, a vertical movement mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a pneumatic claw connection plate and a pneumatic claw. The base comprises an upper base plate, a lower base plate and a swing cylinder fixing boss which are integrally connected and parallel to each other. The machine body is of a rectangular framework structure and comprises an upper top plate, a lower fixing plate, a vertical left lateral plate and a vertical right lateral plate. The horizontal movement mechanism comprises a horizontal guide sleeve, a horizontal guide rail and a horizontal cylinder. The vertical movement mechanism comprises a vertical cylinder fixing plate, an oil pressure buffer, a vertical guide sleeve, a vertical cylinder and a vertical guide rail. The rotating mechanism comprises a swing cylinder, a fisheye joint, a fisheye joint connection shaft, a bearing base and a bearing. The pneumatic manipulator is simple in structure, low in cost, applicable to simple teaching on-site presentation in the classrooms and capable of well assisting teaching.


Based on a popular paradigm of government capacity, this book examines the civil service's human resource management policies and practices, focusing on staffing, performance management and compensation and participation. It explores the political context within which the civil service operates, including the role of the central government in Hong Kong SAR civil service policy making, the changing leadership role of Hong Kong's administrative elite, and attempts by the government to boost executive accountability since 2002.


Iron deficiency may occur to any individual but it was a major concern for pregnant woman. Loss of blood during maternal bleeding may lead to iron deficiency and this situation shoud be avoided for pregnant woman. Sunnah cookies is rich in iron and other minerals which help to boost iron content in the body. The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation of cookies enrich with Sunnah food such as raisins, dates, honey and figs. The value-added cookie samples were prepared in twenty-four formulations and the combination was through the application of Simplex-centroid mixture design by Design Expert. Mineral and proximate value were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while sensory evaluation was measured in terms of nine dependent variables by 60 untrained panelists using 9-point hedonic scale. Results showed that the combination of 64% of honey and 36% of figs gave the highest desirability value of 0.692. The value of iron, magnesium and zinc were 9.04, 164.58 and 27.38 mg/kg respectively. However, sensory evaluation revealed that sample cookies number 753 (the highest quality score of acceptability in terms of taste, texture, odor, sweetness, sourness and overall acceptability.


This paper proposes generalized models and methods for calculating flow distribution in hydraulic circuits with lumped parameters. The main models of the isothermal steady-state flow of medium are classified by an element of the hydraulic circuit. These models include conventional, implicitly specified by flow rate, and pressure-dependent ones. The conditions for their applicability, which ensure the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the flow distribution problem, are considered. We propose generalized nodal pressure and loop flow rate methods, which can be applied regardless of the forms of specific element models. Final algorithms, which require lower computational costs versus the known approaches designed for non-conventional flow models, are substantiated. Proposed models, methods, algorithms, and their capabilities, are analytically and numerically illustrated by an example of a fragment of gas transmission network with compressor stations.


This paper presents the results of a survey of 51 violence prevention programs around the country, including detailed case studies of a select sample, reviews of the evaluations of these programs, and recommendations for next steps to be explored during the conference. Part I discusses the survey of violence prevention programs. It describes a survey of state-of-the-art violence prevention programs (N=51). The survey results are discussed in the areas of geographic distribution, founding dates, program goals, funding sources, populations served, program settings, major activities. and program evaluation. Major achievements and major barriers described by the programs are discussed. Part II presents case studies of these violence prevention programs: (1) Boston Conflict Resolution Program; (2) Building Conflict-Solving Skills; CO Gang Prevention and Intervention Program; (4) The Paramount Plan: Alternatives to Gang Membership; (5) Project Stress Control School-Based Curriculum; (6) Project Stress Control through Stress Management (SCSM) for Juveniles in Youth Development Centers; (7) Resolving Conflict Creatively Program; (8) Second Step: A Violence Prevention Curriculum; (9) Viewpoints Training Program; (10) Violence Prevention Curriculum Project; and (11) Violence Prevention Project. Part III presents conclusions obtained through the survey questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Appendixes include the survey instrument and additional program descriptions and evaluation information. (ABL)


The development of high-throughput sequencing methodologies resulted in omic big data sets in biotechnology (pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and food technology) reflecting information on biological potential of large number of varieties of worldwide importance. Omic databases specific to Croatian cultivars, autochthonic plants and animal varieties are also being developed. Comparative advantages and opportunities for the improvement of Croatian cultivars and species can be advanced by inclusion and systemic comparative analysis within EU project RDA (Research Data Alliance) for open data access to H2020 research projects. The bottleneck for the application and discovery of optimal biopotential from big data is the use of advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms supported by thorough validation criteria. The ML algorithms (elastic nets, boosted decision tree forests, and deep learning are applied here for Diversity Array Technology (DArT) genotypization for production of Triticum aestivum (wheat bread making cultivars).


An imaging technique that is capable of reducing glare, reflection, and shadows can greatly assist the process of toolmarks comparison. In this work, a camera with near‐infrared (near‐IR) photographic capabilities was fitted with an IR filter, mounted to a stereomicroscope, and used to capture images of toolmarks on fired bullets and cartridge cases. Fluorescent, white light‐emitting diode (LED), and halogen light sources were compared for use with the camera. Test‐fired bullets and cartridge cases from different makes and models of firearms were photographed under either near‐IR or visible light. With visual comparisons, near‐IR images and visible light images were comparable. The use of near‐IR photography did not reveal more details and could not effectively eliminate reflections and glare associated with visible light photography. Near‐IR photography showed little advantages in manual examination of fired evidence when it was compared with visible light (regular) photography.


This book chapter is a reflection on the process of writing biography, and the creative process, also how this impacts upon the content of writing presented as 'non-fiction' but which is written in a style more familiar to readers of fiction. The chapter focuses on the author's experience of writing about the life of Alasdair Gray, the Scottish polymath, writer and artist.


A study of breeding sites and breeding success of the Little Tern  Sterna albifrons extending over three seasons to 1979-80 has been  conducted along the East Gippsland coastline. Sites recorded in the  literature were investigated and previously unrecorded ones were located.  There are few active sites and breeding success is very low. Human  disturbance is a major factor and unless an appropriate management plan is prepared and executed the birds will most probably become  extinct in Victoria as a breeding species. This study provides sufficient  information upon which to base an effective management programme  for the conservation of the Little Tern.


14.00 The environmental structure in Brazil had its implementation started in the '70s, significantly influenced by the Stockholm Conference and thus especially concerned with pollution control, when priority problems of the country are primarily vinculated to the management of the use of natural resources. When was established the Special Secretary for Environment (Secretaria Especial do Meio Ambiente - Sema), the complete lack of administrative structures and prevailing political difficulties hindering the Secretary's action have, paradoxically, defined the course for decentralization, through the delegation of functions to the member-States. As executive and of the State level, the environmental problem has more vigorously reached society as from the direct elections for governors, in 1982, just when influences of the neo-liberalism were making an impossibility of any innovation in the public framework. The institutionalization process had two important moments: in 1975, with the issuing of the national development plan and, in 1982, with the national elections, where new demands from society urged a more efficient response from the State. Such structures concentrate their action, to start with, in systematizing processes for environmental preservation and in establishing a system for licensing of potentially polluting activities. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE


A common feature of the leading cases on EU lawyers' right of establishment is the fact that the lawyers seeking to practise in their host Member States were all nationals of other Member States. Conversely, the peculiarity of the Torresi cases lies in the fact that they involved two Italians seeking to register and practise in Italy as lawyers with the Spanish professional qualification of 'abogado'. In other words, the case under discussion deals with the conduct of those nationals who, after obtaining a law degree in their own country, move to another Member State to qualify as lawyers before finally returning to their home country and seeking to establish and practise as lawyers with their 'foreign' title. Before the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) reached its decision, this conduct was already the subject of rigorous analysis at the national level by the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation and by the Italian Antitrust Authority. In both cases, the facts concerned the denial of registration as established lawyers to Italians possessing the title of abogado. Thus far, the local bar councils have not succeeded in their opposition to Italian abogados, although the dispute remains ongoing. The ECJ decision at stake represents the last act in a crusade launched by the Italian bar councils against Italian abogados. This situation raises the question why, in the bar councils' view, an Italian gaining the title of abogado in Spain should be treated differently from a Spaniard acquiring the same title and thus be refused registration. Moreover, it is to be ascertained whether refusals to grant registration are legitimate under the EU law principles guaranteeing mutual recognition of professional titles and protecting the freedom of establishment of lawyers across the Member States. This commentary analyses the ECJ decision in relation to the climate of suspicion within the local Italian bar councils regarding the establishment of Italian abogados. In


3D printing is a novel manufacturing technique that allows surgeons to turn their ideas into reality within the healthcare environment. While surgeons are accustomed to assuming a position of leadership where frontier technologies intersect with patient care, barriers to the uptake of 3D printing include lack of expertise among surgeons, and the perceived cost and inaccessibility of the technology. This special report highlights the ease and cost–effectiveness of this new technology with a uro-oncological lens. We highlight the example of a 3D printed flexible urostomy trainer developed to educate patients on stoma care prior to ileal conduit surgery, which was 3D printed in our hospital for £0.15 within an hour of conception by our urology department.


We explain the current status of the research on a monumental inscription discovered in El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellin, Albacete), which is almost certainly the old city of Ilunum. The inscription, which dates back to the end of the year 9 BC, refers to some sort of construction, possibly a wall and a gate. This was sponsored by the Emperor Augustus himself, managed by the legate of the province Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and financed by the first duumviri of the city.


The change of the moisture profile within a bread loaf and bread texture during storage up to 300 hr at 25 o C were investigated. Three different types of bread were considered: 1) bread from straight dough using conventional baker's yeast fermentation; 2) one-stage sour-dough bread from starter culture of Lactobacillus brevis; and 3) bread from straight dough acidified with lactic acid. An attempt to correlate bread-staling kinetics to water migration was made by considering the mass transport phenomena involved in the process. To evaluate bread staling the stress-strain behavior of bread during aging was investigated. By considering the moisture profile within the bread loaf, a correlation between local moisture content and texture of stale bread was found. The experimental results proved that, to prevent staling, it is more important to slow down the dehydration phenomena rather than it is to increase the initial moisture content in the bread


A capability for effective tissue reparation is a living requirement for all multicellular organisms. Bone exits as a precisely orchestrated balance of bioactivities of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. The main feature of osteoblasts is their capability to produce massive extracellular matrix enriched with calcium phosphate minerals. Hydroxyapatite and its composites represent the most common form of bone mineral providing mechanical strength and significant osteoinductive properties. Herein, hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite functionalized composite scaffolds based on electrospun polycaprolactone have been successfully fabricated. Physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of generated matrices have been validated. Both the hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite containing polycaprolactone composite scaffolds demonstrated good biocompatibility towards mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, the presence of both hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite nanoparticles increased scaffolds' wettability. Furthermore, incorporation of fluorapatite nanoparticles enhanced the ability of the composite scaffolds to interact and support the mesenchymal stem cells attachment to their surfaces as compared to hydroxyapatite enriched composite scaffolds. The study of osteoinductive properties showed the capacity of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite containing composite scaffolds to potentiate the stimulation of early stages of mesenchymal stem cells' osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, polycaprolactone based composite scaffolds functionalized with fluorapatite nanoparticles generates a promising platform for future bone tissue engineering applications.


Organic monolayers of 4-mercaptopyridine (PySH) and bis(4-pyridyl) disulfide (PySSPy) self-assembled on an Au(111) electrode in perchloric acid solution were studied using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Both monolayers formed from PySH and PySSPy exhibited the same surface feature on Au(111), appearing as a ladderlike structure. An ordered structure with intermolecular distances of 0.49 and 1.42 nm was consistently observed for the PySH and PySSPy monolayers describable as Au(111)−SPy, which was explained by a rectangular unit cell of p(5 × R-30°). High-resolution STM images revealed the internal structures and micro-orientation of chemisorbed pyridinethiolate molecules. They were oriented with the molecular plane of the pyridine rings mostly perpendicular to the surface, but the molecular axis considerably tilted with respect to the surface normal. It was also found that intermolecular interactions through the sulfur portions were thought to exist between two pyridinethiolate molecu...


The study was conducted to estimate the effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction on grain yield and yield-related traits and to identify stability genotype. At six environments, twenty-four cowpea landraces and one check were evaluated in a 5 × 5 triple lattice during the 2019 cropping season. Data were collected on yield and yield-related traits. The analysis of variance for each environment and across environments showed significant differences among genotypes, environments, and GEI for most traits including yield. Environment, genotype, and GEI showed 27.45%, 20.9%, and 49.55% contribution to the total sum of squares, respectively, for grain yield. This indicated that the environments were diverse and most of the variation in grain yield was caused due to interaction and environmental means. G24 (2632 kg ha−1) and G16 (2290 kg ha−1) were the highest yielder and stable genotypes with mean grain yields above the grand mean (2049.28 kg ha−1) and standard check (2273 kg ha−1). G24 and G16 were the most stable genotypes according to cultivar superiority, Wricke's ecovalence, regression coefficient, and devotion from regression stability models.


The present theoretical status of neutrino interactions in the few‐GeV region is reviewed. Quasielastic scattering, pion production and their importance for neutrino oscillation studies are discussed, making emphasis on the open questions that arise in the comparison with new experimental data.


Medical educators who examine ambulatory clinic settings to understand and optimize trainee education rarely include the perspectives of the clinic's entire patient care team. Yet, Bowen and Irby noted that the attitudes of clinic staff toward learners and the ability of learners to participate meaningfully in clinic activities have an influence on learning. These authors recommended that monitoring systems should include assessment of learner, faculty, and staff satisfaction. Recognizing that ensuring teaching quality requires cooperation of all employees, Probst and colleagues surveyed faculty, residents, and staff in seven South Carolina residency program clinics for the purpose of designing faculty development interventions. Their study investigated the effect of the organizational environment on opinions about teaching quality. They found that all employees' perceptions of teaching quality reflected the degree to which faculty were satisfied Exploring Physician and Staff Perceptions of the Learning Environment in Ambulatory Residency Clinics


Imprelis Imprelis is a new herbicide, manufactured by DuPont and registered with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2010. The active ingredient in Imprelis is aminocyclopyrachlor, which mimics auxin — a naturalgrowth regulator in plants. The product is intended for use by professional applicators only. According to the Imprelis product label, the herbicide is quickly taken up by leaves, stems and roots of a weed and is translocated throughout the plant. The product is highly effective in controlling problem weeds such as clover, ground ivy and violets. However, due to the potential for root uptake, the product label states, "particular care must be taken within the dripline of trees and shrubs or other ornamental plants."


We present a somewhat new proof to the C 2 ,α a priori estimate for the uniform elliptic Monge-Ampère equations, in both the real and complex settings. Our estimates do not need to differentiate the equation, and only depends on the C α -norm of the right-hand side of the equation.


For the last several years, postcolonial theory has been present in Central Europe as a tool to analyze history and present of this region. So far, however, most research from this angle has been made by literary historians, while classical historians remained predominantly aloof and skeptical. In this paper I want to bridge this gap by applying postcolonial theory to Habsburg Galicia in the nineteenth century. I claim that Polish intellectuals of this time have been trapped in a discourse of hierarchical world order, translated here into colonized-colonizer, or civilized-barbarian dualisms. Mental images produced by this ordering of global and regional space, like orientalisations, have been powerful discursive tools not only when applied towards population of Eastern borderlands, but also when Polish intellectuals described "the West" and Polish relation to it. While this hierarchizing discourse is neither exclusive for Polish intellectuals, not for Central Europe in general, it can help to tune the tools of analysis of nineteenth century intellectual and political history of this region.


We investigate the possibility of inducing transitions between periodic orbits in two-dimensional Hamiltonian systems by means of a time-localized external perturbation. We show that the amplitude of the perturbation can be approximately calculated in the limit of a delta-type force in terms of the initial and final periodic orbits. For a specific Hamiltonian, we show several numerical examples where the external perturbation, varied from delta-type to gaussian, allows transitions between specifically chosen members of families of periodic orbits. The same mechanism is then applied to move aperiodic chaotic orbits into periodic ones, presenting a new way to control chaotic behavior in Hamiltonian systems.


National economic development goal is to improve the welfare of society and to create equitable distribution of income (Todaro and Smith, 2006). In other words, the success of economic development is indicated by the reduction of poverty and income inequality. Poverty is fundamental problem in the economic development of Indonesia and other developing countries in general. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate impacts of Infrastructural budgetary allocation on GDRP sectoral, inequality, and poverty in Indonesian provinces both in the areas where the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDRP is either high or low, in the era of fiscal decentralization. The dynamic simultaneous equation models were used in this study. It used pooled data of 2009-2013 and cross section data of 19 provinces where classified into two groups, based on the contribution of agriculture sector to the respective regional economy. The methode for parameter estimation used in this study was 2SLS. The result of the study showed that the budgetary allocation for infrastructure and agriculture increase the employment and the GRDP sectoral, decrease income inequality, and then reduce poverty both in the areas where the contribution of the agricultural sector to GRDP is either high or low. This study recomended that the central government should improve the injection of funds directly to the regions through a special allocation fund for infrastructure and agriculture as an effective impact on reducing poverty. Keywords: Economic growth, Inequalty, Infrastructure, Poverty, Specific allocation fund


Abstract:This article aims to ask why there is an oft-made elision between culture and religion. It views Confucianism (and Confucian values) in Korea as an instance of this. Offering a critical re-reading of debates spurred by Durkheimian social science, it analyzes what I call the "culture-religion" nexus. In doing so, this article tries to suggest that prior concepts deployed to address this nexus—namely, "popular religion" and "civil religion"—may need to be rethought to consider the significance of media, and the symbolic structure that it facilitates in the crafting of individualized moral-meaning systems or codes. As a result, I suggest that religion and culture, both, operate within conditions whereby individuals do not passively receive doctrine but rather interpret and construct "lifestyles." I demonstrate how this works through a media analysis of the recent trend of "piety travel" in South Korean television programming and its "mediatization" of Confucian values.


Brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) in Chernobyl exclusion zone. — Gashchak, S., Gulyaichenko, Y., Ber-esford, N.A., Wood, M.D. — Deployment of camera traps in the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Ukraine) in 2012–2016 confirmed the existence of the brown bear. The presence of ca. 2–3 individuals was established in an area of up to 80 km2 near the village of Tovstyi Lis. Bears were observed on 17 occasions in all seasons ex-cept winter. Confirmed sightings were also recorded near the villages of Paryshiv and Ladyzhychi, though it was not possible to judge how many animals were there. Both locations include large areas of broadleaved woodlands with moist soil and abundant food reserves. The evidence collected (photographs, video, footprints, markings on trees, oral reports of a female bear with cubs) suggest the development of a resident breeding group and the revival of the species in Kyiv Polissia after centuries of its absence. This is facilitated by the size of the exclusion zone (2,600 km2), abundant resources and the absence of humans. A similar revival of bear oc-curred in the neighbouring Paliessie Radioecological Reserve in Belarus (Deryabina, 2011). Together both terri-tories (4,750 km2) promise to be a new large reservation for brown bear in Eastern Europe.


3D multi-gradient echo MRI can be used to estimate T1, T2*, PD and the magnetization transfer (MT), which is increasingly used for multi-parametricmapping (MPM) of human brain. The increased polarization at 7T compared to lower B0 allows for increased spatial resolution or reduced scantimes. However, SAR restrictions imposed on the MT pulse and B1 inhomogeneity pose challenges. In this work, we propose a protocol for MPM ofhuman brain at 7T with special attention paid to eliminating bias when mapping MT saturation while obtaining sub-millimeter isotropic spatial resolution inunder 12 minutes with acceptable SNR.


Combining the on-the-spot reality of soft rock tunnel of -600m level in Gedian coal mine, the destabilization and destruction reason of support lithesome is analyzed. Adopting the way of ground pressure observation and assaying the size of loose-range, the deforming characteristic of country rock is grasped, gaining the best time of the second grouting-reinforcement, the appropriate support parameter and implementing scheme is determined. Preceding the field test of grouting-reinforcement, the good control of country rock is gained.


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A strong evidence base supports colorectal cancer screening. Interruption of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence by endoscopic polypectomy has been considered the key step in preventing the development of colorectal cancer.1 Higher adenoma detection rates (ADR) at colonoscopy have a linear correlation with lower postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) rates and death from PCCRC.2 However, colonoscopy is not as effective in prevention of colorectal cancer in the right colon as in the left.3–5 Interval cancers are often right-sided and hypermethylated, not consistent with an origin in conventional adenomas.4 Recent molecular approaches to colorectal cancer indicate there are three or more distinct molecular pathways to colorectal cancer, including a pathway arising through serrated lesions.6 ,7

Serrated lesions pose multiple challenges in clinical …


Abstract : The theory and operation of radio Doppler navigation and geodetic systems are discussed. It was shown that Doppler navigation or geodesy affords data in a natural geocentric coordinate system (origin at the center of mass of the earth and one axis along the spin axis of the earth). Geodetic data from Doppler measurements provide a totally independent check on data derived from mensuration or astronomical observation. The relative simplicity of field equipment provides a ready means for accurate geodetic determinations over all positions of the earth, including the oceans and poles. Finally, the potential accuracy of geodetic information appears to be at least as high as the known accuracy in the fundamental physical constants of length and time. (Author)


Gamkrelitze's and Boltyanskii's results appear to entail the same where T P E E" and UJ; E Em denote for all k the state and control of degree of difficulty in computing the optimal parameter vect,or in the system, wk denotes a stochastic disturbance vector, and the ma-the general nonlinear casej(tJ2,w). However, if pis linear with respect. trices d and B are given. The problem that Re are concerned wit.h is to w and of the form finding a feedback cont.ro1 law (7) minimizes the cost functional where LO is an (n + 1) X m mat.rix valued function and is an (n + 1) vector-valued funct.ion, Gamkrelitze's results have a definite advantage over Boltyanskii's. Indeed, Bolt.yamkii's conditions (3) or (4) in the linear case (7) result in a set of implicit equations for w*, while Gamkrelitze's maximum principle (2) may give an explicit. form for it. This is shown in the following proposition. Proposdion 2: Let s2 be the closed unit hypercube in R m and consider the system w = ho(t,x)w + hl(t,X), with w E 12. If w* is an optimal parameter vector in n, transferring t,he st.ate of (8) from x0 E R" t.o XI E R" in minimum time, then w* (if it. exists) d be of the form where $ is a nontrivial solution of the adjoint system corresponding to (8), and system (8) is assumed to be ncwmuZ in the sense t.hat. lof' hoT(t,z*)+(t) dt # 0. Proof: The proof follows from Proposit.ion 1. Remark: The two-point. boundary-value problem t.hat, results from substitution of (9) int.0 (8) and its adjoint appeaw to be of t.he antici-pative type! However, the opt.ima1 parameter can be found by solving 2'" equations of t,ype (8), one for each of t,he vertices of the hypercube. equations with applications to the theory of optimal control," S I A M J. Abstract-A stochastic control problem over an infinite horizon which involves a linear system and a convex cost functional is analyzed. We prove the convergence of the dynamic programming algorithm associated with the problem, and we show the existence of a stationary Borel measurable optimal control law. The approach used illustrates how results on infinite time reachability [ l ] can be used for the analysis of dynamic programming algorithms over an infinite horizon subject to state constraints. Consider a constant linear discrete system where a is a scalar discount. …


We are developing an "intersection decision support" (IDS) system to assist drivers with decision-making at unsignalized rural intersections. When deployed, the system provides to a driver stopped at a minor road, information related to the safety of entering or crossing the mainline road traffic stream. The system uses surveillance sensors alongside the major road to determine the state of the intersection, and this state information is used to determine whether the gaps that exist are unsafe, thereby triggering a warning to the stopped driver not to initiate the desired maneuver. Low cost automotive radar forms the basis of the surveillance system. This paper presents a performance evaluation of an Eaton-Vorad EVT-300 radar used as a fixed-base sensor for an IDS system. This evaluation documents the sensor's coverage of the lanes, its lane classification ability and its accuracy at tracking speed as a function of the unit's orientation to the road. High accuracy (5 cm) DGPS is used to validate all radar measurements.


An efficient urea-enhanced thiourea catalyst enables the enantioselective Mannich reaction between β-keto esters and N-Boc-protected imines under mild conditions and minimal catalyst loading (1-3 mol %). Aliphatic and aromatic substituents are tolerated on both reaction partners, affording the products in good enantiomeric purity. The corresponding β-amino ketones can readily be accessed via decarboxylation without loss of enantiomeric purity.


to the editor: Drs. Teppema and Berendsen ([7][1]) raise several points that highlight the complexity in interpreting how acetazolamide (AZ) and other carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors alter breathing at high altitude and prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS). To the point that AZ does not increase


English abstract: In the broad perspective, religion appears to have had a natural history or evolution: there were beginnings, countless changes over time and, presumably, there will be terminations. Evolution, however, has been a tabooed theme in the study of religion during most of the 20th century, but this is now changing. It should be noted that is not unproblematic to use terms such as 'evolution' and 'religion' so a certain measure of philosophical consideration is called for in order to avoid reifi cations and over-simplifi cations. In the case of 'religion and evolution' it is unclear which elements and mechanisms can actually be said to have evolved and how it is at all meaningful to talk about group level evolution. In this article, it is pointed out that in the case of religion it is more likely (as far as the empirical evidence goes) that the changes over time point in the direction of complexity and differentiation. This seems to be a general condition for social and cultural institutions. One important factor in this history of human consciousness is symbolic externalization, not least made possible by writing. Here, I bring in the grand hypothesis of the Canadian psychologist Merlin Donald on the development of human consciousness and the concomitant theory about 'hybrid minds', that is, humans as both biological and cultural beings with a consciousness that reaches beyond the individual. The kind of refl exive consciousness, that this may entail, i.e., the growth of those mechanism which contribute to the 'cognitive governance', may cause religious communities of interpretation to critical awareness and to create tendencies towards secularization. Through the dissolution of religion by way of critical awareness the way may be paved for the possibility of new kinds of research into the mental world of humankind, e.g. in moral psychology, and so create the backdrop for a scientifi cally validated and partially normatively reasoned view of humanity.


Using red, green, blue three light-emitting diodes as LCD projector light source, a new lighting system optical engine was designed, which included light-emitting diode,light-lens group polarization converters, integral lens, field lens, polarizers, the cross of prism, and 1.40 cm(0.55 in)LCD panels.LED light source projector was compared with current Ultra High Performance(UHP) light source projector. The luminous efficiency, spectral characteristics of LED projector were discussed. The prototype's illumination and contrast were measured, the measurement results can achieve the design purpose.


We have previously developed a two-color above threshold ionization (ATI) model and used it to study the photoelectron spectra and the angular distribution of the photoelectron.1 We present calculations of the photon spectrum from recombination of the electron within the context of this model. The photon spectrum shows interesting and unexpected features that are determined by the nature of the continuum-continuum matrix element. The photon spectrum is contrasted with the photoelectron spectrum. We investigate these quantities for different ionization rates, laser pulse widths, and intensities of the redistribution laser, i.e., the laser responsible for the continuum-continuum transitions.


Computational imaging techniques can be used to extend the depth of field of imaging sensors such that the sensors become less expensive to build and athermalize with no loss to performance. Optical phase can be manipulated to create an image that is optimized for a detection and tracking algorithm as well as reconstructed digitally to form an image suitable for viewing. A typical low-cost sensor which is used for target detection and tracking may run an algorithm which requires different features and resolution from its imagery than would a system optimized for a human. This offers a unique opportunity to optimize both optics and image processing for a system which can maximize mission performance as well as minimize production cost. Simple computational techniques have not yet been successful in passive, low-signal environments due to noise issues. This study examines the use of a simple computational technique in an algorithmic application in which optimal reconstruction may occur with lower noise. This paper will describe the model, simulation, and prototype which resulted from a detailed and novel system design and modeling process. The goal of this effort is to accurately model the anticipated performance and to prove actual cost savings of a tracking sensor which employs computational imaging techniques.


OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria, and to relate it to sociodemographic features and glycemic control, among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN: This was a hospitalbased prospective cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: The study included 65 children (31 male) with a mean age of 10.9 + 4.5 years attending the Kenyatta National Hospital diabetic outpatient clinic in Nairobi between June 2009 and January 2010. The median duration of diabetes (IQR) among the subjects was 2(14) years. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was used for evaluation of sociodemographic data. Urine and blood samples were collected and analysed for urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio using the CLINITEK Urine Chemistry Analyser, and Hemoglobin Aic using the Hemoglobin Aic Immunoturbidimetric test, respectively. Persistent microalbuminuria was defined as a urine albumin to creatinine ratio of 30-299pg/mg on at least two occasions within a 3 to 6 month period. Subjects with a urine albumin to creatinine ratio of 20-29pg/mg on at least two occasions within a 3 to 6 month period were categorized as being at risk of developing microalbuminuria. Other information obtained included age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index, blood pressure, economic status, level of education and knowledge of the patient and caregiver. RESULTS: The prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria was 6.2%, while another 6.2% of the subjects had overt proteinuria. Three (4.6%) subjects were at risk of developing microalbuminuria. No significant differences in sociodemographic features and glycemic control were found among patients with persistent microalbuminuria compared with those without persistent microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: A prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria of 6.2% was found in this population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. These children and adolescents may thus be at particular risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as later end-stage renal disease. This study detects, however, a much lower prevalence than reported in previous studies from sub-Saharan Africa.


Objective: To optimized processing techniques for Yanhusuo(Rhizoma Corydalis) with braizing method. Methods:The content of tetrahydropalmatin was determined, and the extraction conditions of vinegar, Rhizoma Corydalis thickness, moisten-ing time and braizing time were optimized by orthogonal array design.Results: The best condition of braizing method was Rhi-zoma Corydalis powder, add vinegar 30%, moistening for 2 h, braizing for 2 h. Conclusion: Optimizing the processing technology was reasonable and feasible, which provided the basis for the processing of herbal medicinal slices of Rhizoma Corydalis.


ABSTRACT:
This research aimed at understanding the role of coordinating education in the Youth and
Adult Education (EJA) compared to the work of educational-methodological guidance of
Portuguese Language teachers from public schools in Sao Jose de Ribamar / MA in the 2014- 2015 period. The methodological approach adopted was qualitative. We chose to carry out the
field research two schools in the city of Sao Jose de Ribamar, where questionnaires applied to
fifteen subjects, they are two managers, a pedagogical coordinator, two teachers and ten
students. This research was presented in chapters, the first discussing the historical aspects
and legal requirements that accompany the pedagogical coordination and adult education in
the Brazilian educational system; the second, analyzing the information about the Portuguese
language teaching and the dimensions of this process in the work of coordinating education in
adult education; and in the third chapter, we present the results of field research, where we
understand that the challenge for the pedagogical coordination in the period analyzed was able
to articulate training with the reality and the effective conditions for carrying out actions
around the teaching-learning process Portuguese Language in EJA.


In the paper municipal sewage treated with oxidation ditch process was researched.Through different influent concentration,flux and use condition, the optimal process parameters of oxidation ditch running were gained.It can improve the effects of treatment with bioaugment of photosyntheticbacteria.