Improvements in future agriculture are key requisites to safeguard food and nutrition security in 2025 and 2050.Global crop production has to be doubled between 1995 and 2025 triggered by population increase, modified eating habits, increased calorie and meat as well as vegetable consumption. Between 2015 and 2050 more than a doubling of food/crop/fruits/vegetable/stimulants/nuts production is necessary in order to feed 9.3 billion people living on earth. Key factors, which have to be considered are: loss of arable land caused by urbanization, industrialization, desertification; water shortages; shrinking resources; climate change; species extinction; economic disparities; political instabilities; migration; global trade; new cutting edge technologies in agriculture; digital information systems. Besides that, pollination is a key process providing food/nutrition security and wider ecosystem stability. Agricultural crop production is mainly based on self-pollination (e.g. wheat, corn, rice,) and 35 percent of pollination by insects, birds and bats (e.g. fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, stimulants). Methods: Calculations and forecasts based on around 600 actual lead papers and books from different fields were made in order to assess the demand and value of pollination services in global agriculture by 2050.The value of pollination done by insects such as bees, bumblebees, hover-flies, butterflies, beetles is calculated to $US 150 – 250 billion per year by several authors. This is close to 10 percent of global value of agricultural production. The necessity to intensify agricultural production implicates an intensification of pollination (commercial pollination/wild pollinators) by factor 3 until 2050. A "Pollinator Vision 2025/2050" reflecting the increased demand of crops being pollinated will be given in order to demonstrate, what is needed to feed global population. Essential management tools will be shown to safeguard pollination in agriculture, to protect ecosystem services, threatened species, biodiversity as well as the environment. Dr. Karl Fritz Heise (1925 2004) Mitbegründer der AASF e.V. Geschäftsführer der AASF e.V.: 1959 2004 Verleihung des Bundesverdienstkreuzes: 1996


The 0.28 nm resolution crystal structure of yeast acetolactate synthase in complex with a sulfonylurea herbicide,chlorimuron ethyl and the 3D structure of Arabidopsis thaliana acetolactate synthase in complex with sulfonylureas and imidazolinone herbicides were reviewed. Neither class of these molecules has a structure that may mimic the substrates for the enzyme,they act by blocking a channel of the ALS through which access to the active site.Ten of the amino acid residues that bind the sulfonylureas can also bind with imazaquin (IQ).Six additional residues interact only with the sulfonylureas,whereas there were two residues that bind IQ but not the sulfonylureas.The mutation of ALS residue sites causes the appearance of resistant weed,and it also changes the binding mode between herbicide and ALS.Research advances on the 3D structure of ALS is important to discover molecular mechanism of mutation of the weed and for the rational design of further herbicidal compounds.


Silica scaling potential from geothermal waters puts limits on to what extent the heat from the water can be extracted. Once the waters become over-saturated with respect to amorphous silica, the handling of such waters becomes problematic. Many methods have been proposed to address this problem. One of them is aging the geothermal waste water allowing monomeric silica in excess of amorphous silica solubility to form polymeric silica thus reducing amorphous silica over-saturation. In geothermal water of low ionic strength polymeric silica has lesser tendency to precipitate than monomeric silica. If geothermal waste water is to be aged in a retention tank, or a pond, a good knowledge of polymerization rates are necessary. In this contribution we study the time required to lower the monomeric silica concentration in solutions initially containing 800 mg/kg silica to silica concentrations close to equilibrium with amorphous silica. We present experimental data on silica polymerization in the pH range 2.3-9.0 at 80°C and in the ionic strength range 0.024-0.50 at pH 7.13. The concentration of molybdate active silica is most reduced in solutions with pH between 7-8. At higher pH the solubility of amorphous silica increases and silica polymerization does not proceed as far as between pH 7 and 8. After one hour of polymerization solutions at pH 7-9 are close to equilibrium with respect to amorphous silica and very little is gained by aging the solution longer. Increased ionic strength speeds silica polymerization but is also enhances the rate of silica deposition.


index (BMI, kg/m2) studies have been conducted in twins8, adoptees9, and family members10. The most convincing evidence that obesity is largely a genetic disease comes from studies of monozygotic twins reared apart. These studies are based on the assumption that when genetically identical individuals are separated at a young age and assigned randomly to different families, their shared environment is no larger than in the general population. Under these conditions the degree of correlation of the BMI between individuals represents an estimate of the heritability of obesity (heritability being defined as the proportion of between person phenotypic variance that is attributable to between person genotypic variance). Studies in populations of twins from Europe11, Asia12 and the US12-13 indicate that as much as 60-70% of the intraindividual variability in BMI is determined by a common genetic background. In Pima Indians, a population with one of the highest reported prevalence rates of obesity, family studies confirmed this estimate10. Therefore, our studies concerning the mechanisms of weight gain in humans have been based on 2 main assumptions: a) the variability in BMI among individuals from the same population who have uniform access to food and similar requirements for physical activity is largely determined by genes (Figure 1); b) because obesity is the result of a chronic energy imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, it is likely that genes control both aspects of the energy balance equation, i.e., energy intake and energy expenditure (Figure 2). Introduction


One enhanced conformal FDTD method is proposed for characterizing transient responses of arbitrary PEC wedges illuminated by an electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and one low-cost modified technique is introduced for effectively suppressing numerical dispersion error with much high accuracy achieved. Excellent agreement is also obtained between our captured diffraction field of the wedge and that of uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). Further, numerical investigation is performed for predicting the EMP responses of PEC wedges with different geometries, different incident EMP directions and different observation points, etc. We would like to say that this study will be useful for the design of EMC and electromagnetic protection for ship or aircraft platform.


474 Background: KRAS mutation represents the only validated biomarker used in clinical practice for selection of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) candidates for therapy with the anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies. Previous studies conducted in small cohorts of patients suggested that HER2, the major EGFR partner, could modify the sensitivity to anti-EGFR agents. Aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HER2 gene status in a cohort of mCRC patients treated with cetuximab or panitumumab.

METHODS
266 chemorefractory mCRC patients treated with cetuximab or panitumumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy were collected in an international consortium effort. HER2 gene status was analyzed using the dual-color FISH assay LSI HER2/neu-CEP17 (PATHVYSION, Abbott) in one central lab, whereas KRAS/BRAF mutations were investigated locally. HER2 gene amplification was defined as the presence of a ratio between HER2 gene and chromosome 17 centromere > 2.

RESULTS
An objective response to anti-EGFR therapy (complete or partial response according to RECIST criteria) was observed in 79/266 (29%) of patients. Twelve cases (4.5%) showed the classical pattern of HER2 gene amplification (R>2) in the whole tissue (>80% of tumor cells). By matching HER2 gene status with clinical response we observed that HER2 gene amplification was significantly related to therapy resistance (p<0.0001). Moreover, analysis of follow-up data indicated that HER2 gene amplification was significantly associated with a worse progression free survival (PFS, p=0.0025) and with a trend for a worse overall survival (p=0.062). Similar associations were also observed in the KRAS/BRAF wild-type patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Data from this large retrospective study suggest that HER2 gene status evaluated by FISH may represent an additional marker useful for the prediction of mCRC patients' response to EGFR-targeted therapies, in line with very recent evidence. In particular, patients with HER2 gene amplification seem to be resistant and show a shorter PFS. Future studies are needed to deeply investigate the clinical and biological meaning of HER2 gene status deregulation in mCRC.


This article uncovered the problem and show the absence of integrated approach to the organization of Children's area in a city. Proved the necessity and expediency of this issue consideration, in terms of architecture, when creating Children's area in urban environment. Exposed the concept of internal and external Children's area in cities, examined a general classification of such area with a description of its characteristics. Proved the necessity and feasibility of children's objects creation in urban environment, as holistic system with integrated approach to architectural design and urban planning, on the example of inspection the initiative "Child Friendly Cities". Overall, the article provides insight into the issues of children's area existing in terms of its architectural creation and its functional use of in urban areas through the lens of children's subculture.


The proposition that our society as a whole has become increasingly violent is now firmly imbedded into the psyche of the American public. As counterpoint to the unremitting tales of crimes in our newspapers and telecasts, waves of "experts" are brought forth to lament how each particular act of mayhem typifies the violent culture in which we live. Multidisciplinary conferences on violence are a growth industry.
 There is much wrong with this depiction of the violence "epidemic" (medical metaphors are popular these days), not the least of which is that it is inaccurate. If the term means hurtful actions and behaviors between human beings, I contend that there is considerably less overall violence in the 1990s than occurred 100, 50, or even 25 years ago.


A new model for calculating film forces in lightly loaded bearings is proposed in this paper. The model is based on earlier experimental results and obtained by taking flora separation to be an important physical phenomena in determining the rupture location. The analytical results of oil film rupture location are verified experimentally. Using this new model, the authors also analyze the stability of bearings. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/STLE Tribology Conference in Lahalna, Hawaii, October 16–20, 1994


Long‐term memory (LTM) in climate variability is studied by means of fractional integral techniques. We establish a new model, Fractional Integral Statistical Model (FISM), with which one can reproduce LTM of any given time series of climatic variability successfully. By using FISM, we further propose a new variable, Memory Kernel, based on which a clear picture of how the historical states maintain their impacts on the states in far future is drawn quantitatively. We find any climatic variability time series with LTM can be decomposed into two components: the weather‐scale (or more accurately, smaller‐scale) excitation and the cumulative memory component. By analyzing these two components, we reach an interpretation of climate memory in the end of the paper, that is, smaller time scale excitation pushes the present climate regime to begin to change, while slower response subsystems, such as the ocean, usually "remember" the forcing first, and then exhibit the influence slowly on a larger time scale. Since LTM is ubiquitous in climate, our findings in this paper may suggest a new perspective on the research of climate predictability.


A two-parameter statistical model of the pulsed signals which can be used to describe the basic structural characteristics of the random signals is established in this paper. As a result, the random signal counting distributions of amplitude q ( l V ) and width p ( l τ ), as well as the different signal subset counting distributions under given width e l τ ( l V ) and amplitude δ l V ( l τ ), all match well with the form of the lognormal distribution with a natural numberused as an independent variable. Besides, it is also found that there are internal relations between the counting distribution statistical characteristic parameters μ ln V , μ ln τ , σ ln V , σ ln τ and the corresponding signal characteristic parameters l V and l τ . In essence, these relations are the representations of random signal fractal characteristics. In a word, two characteristic parameter statistical distributions of the random signals each have a non-integral dimensional fractal feature.


It is known that there are infinitely-many prime numbers which take the form of a polynomial of degree one with integer coefficients, this is Dirichlet's theorem. We use an elementary sieving argument together with bounds on the prime number counting function to provide a new proof of Dirichlet's theorem. We show that if $a\in \mathbb{N},k\in \mathbb{N},a_{k}=(a,a+1,...,a+k-1) $ and $A=\left\{ p_{1},p_{2},...,p_{n}\right\} $, a finite set of primes. Then the number of components of $a_{k}$ that are divisible by some prime in $A$ is less than or equal to $$ \sum\limits_{\substack{ d|P(A)\\ d>1}}(-1)^{\omega \left( d\right) +1}\left\lfloor \frac{k}{d}\right\rfloor +2n $$ where $\omega \left( d\right)$ is the number of distinct prime divisors of $d$ and $P(A)=\prod_{p\in A}p$. We claim that the $+2n$ in the bound can be replaced with $n$, the \texttt{best possible bound}. However, we did not demonstrate our claim in this paper since the $+2n$(bound) is enough for the new proof of Dirichlet's theorem. This result effectively means that given $[1,x], x\in\mathbb{R}$; if the primes in $A$ divide $h$ integers in $[1,x]$ then for every $g>0$, they will divide at most $h+2|A|$ integers in $[1+g,x+g].$


AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS FOR THE MASTERS OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION, PRESENTED NOVEMBER 13, 2009 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI TITLE: College Students' Perceived Benefits, Barriers, and Cues to Vigorous Physical Activity MASTERS COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Dr. Keith King, Chair Dr. Amy Bernard The purpose of this study was to examine college students' perceived benefits, barriers, cues to action, and extent of involvement in vigorous physical activity. Analyses were also conducted to examine whether benefits, barriers, cues, and vigorous physical activity involvement differed significantly based on: sex, grade level, parental exercise patterns, parental encouragement, peer exercise patterns, and peer encouragement. A convenience sample of 480 participants were surveyed during the 2009 spring and fall quarters. The sample included students from a variety of general education courses. Valid and reliable subscales were developed for the 21 item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, one-way analyses of variance, and Pearson correlations were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that overall, participants' involvement in vigorous physical activity was low. It was found that parent and peer engagement in and encouragement of vigorous physical activity significantly affected the number of perceived benefits, barriers, cues and involvement in vigorous physical activity. Results also showed significant correlations between the number of perceived benefits, barriers, and cues to vigorous physical activity and the extent of involvement in vigorous physical activity. Recommendations have been included for future studies.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the current smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking cessation among elective surgical patients with specific emphasis on the use of electronic cigarettes. METHODS: A questionnaire was given to 105 adult patients attending the pre-operative assessment unit at a regional Thoracic centre. RESULTS: 24 were current smokers of which 92% smoked cigarettes only, of these 19 patients had previously tried to quit, 5 had never tried. Multiple approaches had been used. 16 out of 24 were aware of the risks associated with smoking at the time of surgery and were also aware of available smoking cessation services. When asked if they had been specifically approached by a health care professional about stopping smoking only 9/24 said yes. Asked if they would consider stopping smoking immediately and using an electronic cigarette (supplied free) if this were an option - 13 said yes. Of those 19 patients who had previously quit 16 said they thought an electronic cigarette may have helped them. CONCLUSION: The majority of current smokers (80%) who undergo lung surgery have previously tried to quit and failed. Current methods of smoking cessation in this population are ineffective. Surprisingly the majority of patients (60%) report they were not approached to stop before surgery. Patients appear to be a willing to use electronic cigarette as a tobacco replacement prior to surgery.


Since the first Gothic work, Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto, was published in 1764, the Gothic genre has constantly been changing and evolving. One of its main purposes has always been social criticism, and therefore Gothic literature had to change together with the society. In the 20th and especially in the 21st century with the arrival of new technologies, Gothic moved from the paper to the screen. Film and television offered a whole new range of possibilities for the postmodern authors of Gothic works to express themselves. One such artist is certainly the American director Tim Burton who is famous for his dark comedies that are almost exclusively crammed with Gothic elements. In this paper, the author shows how, in his movie Dark Shadows from 2012, Tim Burton used parody as a tool to make an on-screen pastiche of Gothic elements packed in a dark comedy for the true lovers of the Gothic genre, creating a genuine example of the postmodern Gothic.


Acute respiratory exacerbations are major events associated with adverse health outcomes and significant healthcare expenditure across a range of chronic lung diseases. Identification of novel and effective strategies to improve the management of these events is crucial to facilitate adequate recovery and to mitigate the risk of relapse or hospital readmission. The pursuit of innovation has witnessed an array of clinical research activities including reviews of 'traditional' healthcare landscapes, evaluations of priority target areas, establishment of new professional and/or healthcare boundaries, and adaptations to existing healthcare pathways. This exciting, rapidly evolving landscape was the very genesis for this Chronic Respiratory Disease special collection entitled 'Novel insights into acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases'. Modern-day acute respiratory healthcare has been undoubtedly shaped by vast interest in areas such as (but not limited to) alternative models of healthcare delivery, personalised or precision medicine (including 'treatable traits'), the value of prognostic biomarkers, and greater emphasis on health economic metrics. Readers of this special collection will discover many of these important areas eloquently addressed through invited expert reviews and original research contributions spanning clinicians and researchers at the very forefront of acute clinical practice research. Two expert reviews in this collection provide a foundation for critical discussion regarding areas of progress and areas of opportunities for future improvement within respiratory medicine. The first of these reviews by McDonald, Osadnik and Gibson focuses on the rapidly evolving landscape regarding 'treatable traits' in respiratory medicine, offering the first insights into how this can be adapted to suit the needs of patients with acute respiratory exacerbations. Initially proposed by Professor Alvar Agusti in 2016, 'treatable traits' is an approach that aims to facilitate the translation of personalised medicine from an idealistic concept into real-life clinical practice. A key premise underpinning treatable traits is evaluation of patients via a disease-free lens focused upon traits that are (i) identifiable (via biomarkers, questionnaires or objective evaluation – referred to as 'trait identification markers'); (ii) clinically important (they influence important health outcomes); and (iii) treatable (as demonstrated through clinical trials, or not yet treatable but recognised as a priority for future therapeutic research). The authors demonstrate how 'treatable traits' may apply to patients with acute respiratory exacerbations, and in doing so, highlight novel aspects of care (e.g. frailty) that do not regularly feature in acute respiratory healthcare models. These could have important impacts upon future clinical practice. The second expert review by Bourbeau and Echevarria describes recent advances in the area of chronic lung disease self-management and innovations to the models of healthcare used to manage acute


* Introduction * The Geography of North and South China * The Rise of the Great Families * Military Dynasticism * Urban Transformations * Rural Life * China and the Outer World * Redefining Kinship * Daosim and Buddhism * Writing * Conclusion * Dates and Dynasties * Pronunciation Guide * Notes * Bibliography * Acknowledgements * Index


It is very significant for exploring the oil support problems of multi-types aeroplane and enhancing the logistics support capability for an aerodrome by developing the refueling training simulation system. According to the practical requirements of oil support, the design scheme of a simulation training system was proposed and built the system models of requirements and overall hierarchical structure. The key technologies of the virtual reality in system , such as building virtual scene models, optimization of 3D modeling and its animation were discussed in details. And finally, the hardware configurations was given. The initial application shows that the system provides an effective means for the training and study about oil Support of multi-types aeroplane.


When we approached Southeastern Naturalist about this special issue, we were in our third year of a Longleaf Pine ecosystem restoration on a small corner of a university campus—a natural history museum director and a plant ecologist struggling to find the time, funding, volunteers, and campus support to create what we called a teaching landscape. We were looking for ideas, models, and case histories with a basic question in mind: How do we make field naturalists of us all? We began with 2 objectives for this issue: (1) to bring together a broad collection of examples of teaching natural history in situ that would inform and inspire those working in areas whose main or tangential focus is education; and (2) to illustrate the diversity of ways in which natural history education, conservation, and restoration might engage a citizenry that is less and less connected to the natural world. As we had hoped, this collection represents a range of institutions with missions to educate, and the outcomes include an array of engagements, from class assignments, field experiments, curricular plans, and service-learning programs to conservation and restoration projects. The articles are arranged in 3 groups, by the target audience and scope of the educational programming.


In this paper, the design and the features of the Radio frequency (RF) module which is part of a novel Ka-band FMCW SAR system calibrator for both satellite and airborne prototypes is presented. According to controller instructions, this RF module which composed switch array has a function of RF link switching. At the same time, every indexes of RF link meet to calibration mode requirements for radar system. A prototype of the calibrator has been fabricated. The isolation of each channel is above 40dB over the specified operation frequency of 35.4GHz to 36.1GHz. In this scheme, closing the amplifier power and using isolator is effective measure to improve isolation. In this module, a serious problem of flat gain and stability is unpredictable since manufactures cannot provide detailed MMW component data due to bad consistency. To solve this problem, unpredictable flat gain and stability of output signal due to operating temperature between −20 and +45°C is examined both experimentally and theoretically. The developed calibrator features low cost, good flat gain and good stability of output signal. And it has been applied in a FMCW SAR imaging System.


Poster: "2015 ASM / R-0099 / Retrospective Comparison of Complications of Femoral Artery Punctures for Endovascular Procedures between Radiology and Cardiology Departments" by: "D. Chomlak; Melbourne/AU"


Effects of globalisation and various standardisation processes in everyday life are currently reflected through individuals' quests for encountering authenticity. The paper interrogates in which particular ways local inhabitants evaluate rural localities with regard to authenticity by means of local architectural styles and filmic representations. Empirical findings from two qualitative studies carried out in rural Southern Germany are presented. The studies were comprised of qualitative interviews with local inhabitants and representatives in tourism, politics and heritage conservation together with a film analysis of a popular Heimat film shot in the Bavarian forest. Results reveal locals' critique of modern architectural styles such as "Tuscan houses" as inauthentic, whereby a link between architecture and regional identity ("archidentity") cannot be established. However, the film analysis brings forth locals' congruities between filmic representations and their lived spaces. In sum, locals' perspectives on authentication processes can contribute to reevaluate localities that are mainly shaped by idealised images for tourism purposes.


Computational methods were used to link the molecular structures of diverse, industrially important, organic compounds from three different data sets to their normal boiling points. The data were p...


Artificial intelligence and expert systems are successfully used in many types of industries. The work shows that the implementation of these systems provides a number of advantages. The necessity of introducing artificial intelligence systems into production within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept is substantiated. The main directions of the development of artificial intelligence systems in the textile industry, and the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches are described.
Despite a number of examples of the use of these systems in light industry, their potential has not yet been fully exploited. One of the reasons for the limited use of such systems in the textile industry is the specific areas of expertise and know-how in the industry.
Competitiveness is a key factor in this industry. It is obvious that modernization should be aimed at reducing costs and increasing production. This is usually achieved through lower labor costs and increased levels of automation. However, the experience of the craftsmen who have worked in this sector all their lives cannot be easily automated. This information is usually lost if no effort is made to store knowledge and experience in a specialized system. It is emphasized that the choice of configuration for each system will depend on a number of factors. Such systems should be developed by information technology specialists in conjunction with experts in the field.
The work proposed the structure of an express examination system, where examination functions are assigned to a system based on artificial intelligence, with which portable devices (clients) are connected via a network. It is proposed to use such devices personally (the buyer in the store), at enterprises (clothing stores, textile production), in government agencies (customs service). In each of these cases, the system can have specialized adapted functionality: paid and free services, open and confidential databases, advertising services.
The research results should contribute to the introduction of new quality control systems for textile products, which will improve the quality of products on the market, which ultimately will contribute to the recovery of the Ukrainian economy.


PURPOSE: A superconducting cable and a superconducting cable line are provided to prevent serious damage upon occurrence of short circuit failure. CONSTITUTION: A superconducting cable(1) comprises a superconducting layer having a portion with a threshold current value differentiated from that of the other portion. The superconducting layer has a current limiting portion having a threshold current value smaller than that of the other portion. A superconducting cable line comprises a superconducting cable having a plurality of cable cores(10); and a divider for accommodating separated parts of the cable cores such that the cable cores are sufficiently spaced apart from each other.


When there is provided a vanadium catalyst in the presence of a gas phase polymerization of at least one olefin or diolefin monomer, reducing or gels, oligomers or inhibiting the formation of both, which comprises adding at least one sacrificial monomer or Lewis bases.


Problems in many disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, and finance, can be modelled as integrals of high dimensions (hundreds or even thousands). Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods, which perform sampling using a more uniform point set than that used in MC, have been successfully used to approximate multivariate integrals with an error bound of size O((logN)kN−1) or even O((logN)kN−3/2), where N is the size of the sample and k depends on the dimension of the problem. This suggests an outperformance over the standard MC whose error bound is only O(N−1/2). But for high dimensional problems, this outperfomance might not appear at feasible sample sizes due to the dependence of the QMC convergence rate on the dimension of the problem. However, around 1993, it was found by researchers at Columbia University that QMC provides better convergence rates than MC for very high-dimensional problems in finance and in physics as well. This may be explained by the fact that the integrands in these problems have low "effective dimension" properties that interact positively with the properties of the point set used by the QMC method. To understand the efficiency of QMC, this paper uses Sobol' method for global sensitivity analysis to investigate features of specific finance problems, digital option pricing and mortgage-backed securities, in dimensions as high as 360. Using Sobol' sequences, we estimate the low-order Sobol' sensitivity indices of these problems and estimate their effective dimensions accordingly. We also examine the efficiency of the Brownian Bridge technique in reducing the estimated effective dimension.


Further data, completing an earlier report, are presented on the frequency and temperature dependence of the microwave magnetic resonance of an amorphous Gd/sub 37/Al/sub 63/ film, which shows spin-glass properties. The data are analyzed according to a recent exchange-narrowing model in the temperature range above the freezing temperature. The g shift is found to be frequency independent in this range, in support of the model. An anisotropy field of order 0.3(4..pi..M) is also found in this range. Below the freezing temperature the frequency dependence reveals a changeover to a different kind of behavior, better described by a local field than by a g shift.


In Escherichia coli, the circular β sliding clamp facilitates processive DNA replication by tethering the polymerase to primer-template DNA. When synthesis is complete, polymerase dissociates from β and DNA and cycles to a new start site, a primed template loaded with β. DNA polymerase cycles frequently during lagging strand replication while synthesizing 1–2-kilobase Okazaki fragments. The clamps left behind remain stable on DNA (t 1 2 ∼ 115 min) and must be removed rapidly for reuse at numerous primed sites on the lagging strand. Here we show that δ, a single subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, opens β and slips it off DNA (k unloading = 0.011 s− 1) at a rate similar to that of the multisubunit γ complex clamp loader by itself (0.015 s− 1) or within polymerase (pol) III* (0.0065 s− 1). Moreover, unlike γ complex and pol III*, δ does not require ATP to catalyze clamp unloading. Quantitation of γ complex subunits (γ, δ, δ′, χ, ψ) inE. coli cells reveals an excess of δ, free from γ complex and pol III*. Since pol III* and γ complex occur in much lower quantities and perform several DNA metabolic functions in replication and repair, the δ subunit probably aids β clamp recycling during DNA replication.


How to use interlibrary loan through Story Library to access books and other media held at different libraries. Basic information


Suggested by the theory of multiple intelligence,this paper expounded the mode of cultivation of qualified person in educational technology on the educational goal,curricula system,educational measure and instructional evaluation.


—Smartphone apps for exposure notification and contact tracing have been shown to be effective in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is evidence that the Bluetooth Low Energy approach used for proximity detection by existing apps can be error-prone in areas with high numbers of metallic objects. In this paper, we present a new method for detecting whether or not two smartphones are 2 or fewer meters apart, intended to augment BLE-based proximity detection methods. We design a set of binary machine learning classifiers that take as input pairs of 10-second-long segments of magnetometer traces. These classifiers identify pairs of trace segments for which the two recording devices were 2 or fewer meters apart for at least 75% of the segment duration. We introduce a simple method of compensating for different magnetometer biases in heterogeneous devices. We confirm that our classifiers can generalize well to both new buildings and new devices whose traces are not present in their training data, and characterize their overall accuracy for heterogeneous-device proximity detection to be between 93.1% and 96.2%.


Recent experimental data presented by Bunney et al. indicate that, as an originally solid cylinder is progressively made hollow, the circumferential acoustic waves that can be excited on that cylinder progress from those having the characteristics of Rayleigh waves to those having the characteristics of Lamb waves. Similar measurements of circumferential wave velocity have been made on a different type of aluminum alloy, type 1100F, and it was found possible to excite both the Rayleigh‐type and the Lamb‐type waves, over a limited region of wall thickness, by adjusting the angles of incidence of the projector and receiver.


By analyzing the influence factors of the dam security,we discussed the safety monitor from the point of both space and time.And we proposed a set of measures on the safety monitor system.


Summary Mammary cancer appeared precociously in strain Dba female mice subjected to percutaneous applications of methylcholanthrene. The latent period was markedly shorter and the total incidence higher in breeding than in virgin animals.


Drainage divide migration is a conspicuous natural process through which a landscape evolves. In response to a forced climatic and tectonic disturbance, susceptible river networks transfer the transient signals to the entire river basin, which results in an incision or aggradation. The Himalayan orogeny and subduction of the Indian plate have resulted in an upward flexure in the Indian lithosphere known as a peripheral forebulge. A forebulge can flexurally uplift and migrate following the variation in tectonic load. The emergence of the central Indian plateau is a consequence of the upwarping of the Indian lithosphere (Bilham et al. 2003).  In this work, we are trying to assess the drainage network dynamics between the Narmada and Ganga river systems, which drain the uplifted central Indian plateau. We have calculated the Chi(χ) metrics, steepness index (Ksn), knickpoints for the channels in the study area. We have generated Topographic swath profiles to analyze the topographic variations on the plateau. It has been observed from the results that the rivers in the study area lack dynamic equilibrium, and river capturing is an evident response to the perturbations. Our analysis shows that the Narmada River tributaries are gaining drainage area and aggressing Northwards by capturing adjacent Ganga river tributaries. The field observations show a variation in the surface slope and presence of knickpoints (waterfalls) along the "aggressor" drainages. We propose a model to show a correlation between the tectonic loading of Himalayas, movement of forebulge, and its feedback to the river systems present on the forebulge.


AbstractThis paper assesses the effectiveness of the Harvard Gender Analytical Framework using a case study of a Maya-Mam community in Guatemala. Data were collected through participant observation, informal interviews and focus group discussions during the author's four and a half year involvement in a rural development project in Comitancillo, San Marcos. The study reveals the Harvard Gender Analytical Framework to be a useful tool in the examination of data, illuminating the distinctive dynamics of gender work relations in traditional subsistence activities and in activities linked with the national cash economy and social structure. However, it became evident that the Framework could provide a more comprehensive view if it were expanded to include other variables, among them additional aspects of community work.


ABSTRACT The flood-prone areas and agricultural soils along the Bogotá River in Colombia face a continuously increasing conflict between urban development, including low-cost housing projects, and environmental needs. This research investigates how current contested relations between water, settlement patterns, and productive landscapes can be turned into a constructive interplay. This paper presents a water urbanism research project, which uses interpretative mapping and research by design to critically understand the evolution of the relationship between water and settlements in the peri-urban areas of Funza and Mosquera. The project develops landscape typologies for adaptation and mitigation in view of climate change and to address demands of urbanisation in the Bogotá River floodplain. The paper demonstrates how designing with water can re-qualify the peripheral areas of Bogotá, solving both qualitative and quantitative water issues, delivering a framework for new housing fabrics, and creating new sustainable relations between different water uses.


Image dehazing is a method to improve the images gained in poor weather conditions, for example, haze and dimness. Existing image dehazing strategies are principally in view of dark channel prior. Since the dark channel isn't sensible for sky regions, a sky division and area wised medium transmission based image dehazing strategy is proposed in this paper. Right off the bat, sky regions are divided by quad-tree part based component pixels location. At that point, a medium transmission estimation strategy for sky regions is proposed in view of shading trademark perception of sky regions. The medium transmission is then separated by an edge saving guided channel. At long last, in light of the evaluated medium transmission, the hazed images are reestablished. Exploratory outcomes show that the execution of the proposed strategy is superior to that of existing techniques. The reestablished image is more regular, particularly in the sky regions.


In this paper,sweet almond is used as main raw material to prepare lactic acid fermentation beverage with the flavor of sweet almond. By study technological condition,optimal technological parameter is obtained:sweet almond pulp-defatted milk-powder ratio is 5∶5,xylitol is 4.0%,sugar is 2.0%,inoculation quantity is 4.0%,fermentation time is 6.0 h;the optimum stability-condition is as follows:PGA∶CMC-Na(1∶2) is 0.20%,GMS∶SE(2∶2) is 0.30%,homogenizing under 55 ℃,30 MPa. The product is unique flavor and good stability.


Workflow is a formalized description of the relationships within a set of interdependent tasks. In order to conquer the deficiency in poor expressivability of the present workflow model, lack of strict mathematical definition and scientific analytical means, we introduce the theory of Colored Petri-nets, and the concept of Colored synchronized-nets is proposed at the same time to construct a workflow logic nets so as to achieve the modeling of workflow.


Abstract We introduce quasi-photon phase states of radiation in the single mode, and study the fluctuations in the measured phase operators. We also show that these states exhibit bunching, unlike coherent states which show no bunching.


Taking twelve early maturing varieties of processing tomato from IVF series as materials,fruit quality,early yield,early maturing and transplant experiments were comprehensively analyzed,and processing tomato varieties suitable for Wujiaqu of Xinjiang high quality,early maturing,high yield were screened out.The results showed IVF-12 and IVF1106 were great early maturing varieties.As the early seeding transplanting variety or early sowing variety,the two varieties could be planted and spread in Wujiaqu area.


The effects of continuous straightening temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4VELI wire were studied. The results indicate that the grain sizes of Ti-6Al-4VELI wire are effectively refined to 1-5 μm by multi-pass drawing. After continuous straightening at 780-890℃, the yield strength of the alloy wires decreases about16%, while the tensile strength changes little, and the elongation increases more than 82%. With the increase of continuous straightening temperature, the strength decreases gradually, but the plasticity changes little. The optimum continuous straightening temperature of ?1.0,?2.0,?3.0,?4.0 mm wires is 780, 830, 800, 860℃, respectively.


In the vehicle navigation system, the vehicle movement trajectory displayed on the electronic map reflects the results of real-time positioning by the GPS measuring device. Map matching is the process of matching a series of GPS coordinates to an electronic map to find the true path of the trajectory. In this study, a distributed random forest map-matching algorithm (DRFMM) is proposed. The point-line matching method is used as the basic feature. The random forest algorithm in the Spark platform is used to train the historical data. The road network data is meshed, and a multi-classification model is trained offline for each grid in the road network to predict the FCD data online. The experimental results show that the DRFMM algorithm proposed in this paper has improved the accuracy of point-line matching by 10%. The multi-classification method keeps the matching accuracy with the increase of data volume. At the same time, with multi-threading and distributed platform, DRFMM's matching speed is nearly 6 times faster than stand-alone matching algorithm.


A procedure to generate a list of benefits and optimal capacity combinations for transmission path upgrades is suggested. Optimal upgrading of transmission can be identified from such a list. The benefits computed are a measure of congestion in the system.


In Indonesia, the prevalence rate of mental emotional disorders is quite high. The Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that the number of people with mental disorders had increased by 6.5% during the 2020-2021 period. However, there are still many individuals who do not seek help for their mental health. Some of them do not know how to get access to adequate services. In addition, the rapid development of digital technology can be an important means of providing mental health services that are in line with the needs of the younger generation. The method used in this study is qualitative method. The purpose of this study is to design a mental health consultation application user interface that is in accordance with user needs so as to improve mental health services to be more effective and efficient. It is hoped that this application design can make it easier for the public to get access to mental health services.


According to foreign language studies' research, the dificulty level of a new studied language depends on many factors. For example how closely is the new language to the native one, or of the known ones, how difficult is it, how many hours are weekly given for its study, as well as the motivation. In the presented article we will take into discussion some of the romanian language difficulties met by the arabian students in the romanian language learning. We will also exemplify some methods and efficient interactive techniques applied during.


A persistent problem for historians of Japanese religions has been the proper identification and definition of the Other World, a realm beyond ordinary experience that is also thought to be the abode of the kami and, occasionally, of the dead as well. Despite the fact that the Japanese tradition uses several names to refer to that experiential zone, most scholars conceive of it as a single entity and thus contribute to a confusion that has continued unabated to this day. It does not take wild flights of the imagination to suspect that Japanese scholars themselves might be under Western academic and/or religious influences when they use the term takai (other world) to refer globally to the three supernatural realms (namely, Yomi no kuni, "the land of darkness," Takamagahara "the high heavenly plain," and Tokoyo, "the permanent realm") that are mentioned in the myths. Although vague or simplistic distinctions are made at times, the designations are almost always conflated in a single category. In all cases, however, scholars fail to provide sophisticated interpretations of the terms. Even Carmen BLACKER conceives of the other world as a single realm; while recognizing the topic's importance, since she devotes a chapter to it in her book on Japanese shamanism, she offers little solace:


In this final work deals with the topic of loans to its characteristics and conditions for loans . All kind of loans and interest rates that go with the loan are also processed . In this final work i took Privredna Banka Zagreb ( PBZ ), one of the most famous banks in Croatia in wich i show the advantages of each loan and the terms of the authorization and the conditions under which the credit is used and the interest rate . Privredna banka Zagreb d.d is with its business strategy aimed at modern forms of banking and new products , confirming the image of a dynamic and modern European bank, which follows the demands of the market and its customers .


Diagonalizing over deterministic polynomial time.- Resolution with feature unification.- Surjectivity for finite sets of combinators by weak reduction.- Proving finite satisfiability of deductive databases.- Is setl a suitable language for parallel programming - a theoretical approach.- Loose diagrams, semigroupoids, categories, groupoids and iteration.- Algebraic operational semantics and modula-2.- Program verification using dynamic logic.- Induction in the elementary theory of types and names.- On the computational complexity of quantified Horn clauses.- The conjunctive complexity of quadratic boolean functions.- On type inference for object-oriented programming languages.- Optimization aspects of logical formulas.- Logic of approximation reasoning.- Deciding the path- and word-fair equivalence problem.- Learning by teams from examples with errors.- A survey of rewrite systems.- Interfacing a logic machine.- Complexity cores and hard-to-prove formulas.- On the average case complexity of backtracking for the exact-satisfiability problem.- On functions computable in nondeterministic polynomial time: Some characterizations.- Developing logic programs: Computing through normalizing.- Model theory of deductive databases.- Algorithms for propositional updates.


Research shows that complying with government regulations is more burdensome for smaller community banks than larger community banks. Despite spending proportionately more resources on compliance, the smaller banks do not perform as well as the larger ones, at least in one key metric.


The oxygen consumption and degradability of 2-n-propylphenol has been studied under three different initial concentrations in simulated seawater. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen of this system first decreased then increased. The oxygen consumption was correlative with biodegradation of 2-n-propylphenol. While the degradation rate of 2-n-propylphenol reached 85% to 90%, the dissolved oxygen values touched bottom. The biodegradation process of 2-n-propylphenol satisfied the first-order kinetic equation, and the biodegradation rate depended on the initial mass concentration of 2-n-propylphenol. With the increasing of initial mass concentration of 2-n-propylphenol, the biodegradation rate decreased, and the lag phase and the half time were prolonged accordingly.


aHE DOCTRINE OF EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY has fallen on rather bad times; several works of considerable significance have been leveled against the doctrine as hostile to the spirit of genuine democratic community. Michael Young, in his The Rise of the Meritocracy, extrapolating from documented trends in British education, argues that this theory of equal opportunity justifies a continuation of the British class system or a version of it. Educational disparities will maintain or even widen the gap between classes. Arguing abstractly rather than from the experience of any one country, the Harvard philosopher, John Rawls, argues that meritocracy "follows the principle of careers open to talents and uses equality of opportunity as a way of releasing men's energies in the pursuit of economic prosperity and political domination."2 Rawls proclaims himself indebted for this distrust of meritocracy to an


This paper presents multi budget bandwidth preserving server (MBBPS) to improve the quality of service in terms of better responsiveness of the aperiodic task by utilizing the concept of multi budget and multi priority of the server while ensure the feasibility of periodic task at the same time. Feasibility analysis is done at offline by assigning the priority of periodic tasks as well as server to service the aperiodic tasks by fixed priority rate monotonic first algorithm. Theorem has been formulated to ensure the feasibility of the periodic tasks with enhanced budget. Besides providing better responsiveness to the aperiodic tasks, this work also improves the quality of service (QoS) by accepting aperiodic tasks that were rejected by the existing deferrable server. The complexity of proposed MBBPS algorithm is same as deferrable server. The extensive examples and simulation results illustrate that our approach can effectively reduce the average response time of aperiodic tasks as well as reduce the rejection ratio while guaranteeing the periodic tasks at the same time.


A series of mono-(C2H5Br, C3H7Cl n., C4H9Br n.) and dihalogenated alkanes (C2H4Cl2, C2H4Br2) was submitted to a conventional photobromination and also to the simultaneous action of bromine and chlorine under U.V. light at room temperature. Attention was drawn especially to the relative reaction rates and to the brominated and chlorinated isomers partition in the reaction mixture.
 Comparing experimental results of both processes, an important acceleration was observed of the second reaction system versus the first. As an exemple, BrCH2CH2Br did not react with bromine but in the presence of chlorine. Furthermore, brominated isomers partition observed in the presence of chlorine showed that bromine is introduced in the molecule at the point where chlorine normaly appears in the chlorination reactions. For instance, CH3CH2Br reacting with bromine was mostly attacked in the a position (95 %) whereas in the presence of added chlorine, the β position is attacked to an extent of 40 % just like in the chlorination reaction. Thus, from these data (Reaction rates and selectivity of the process) it is concluded that, with a mixture of bromine and chlorine, the chlorine atom abstracts a hydrogen atom in the rate-determining step.
 Beyond the bromination products, chlorination products were always found. There ratio depends on the experimental conditions.
 Products analysis of reaction was made by v.p. chromatography and identification of the various isomers was performed by referring to authentic samples and by N.M.R. spectroscopy.


The community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) programme in Namibia has been globally praised as a successful approach for biodiversity and animal conservation. Going beyond such bright picture at the national level, Humavindu & Stage (2014) disentangle financial returns from all conservancies and rightfully contend that the recent and rapid development of many, less attractive conservancies limits their financial viability, and in turn jeopardizes their acceptance by local farmers as well as their long-term conservation potential. Of course, one should not only focus narrowly on financial returns because social benefits are also extremely important in all conservancies. In 2009, salaries and wages from private sector as well as conservancy jobs indeed represented 51% of all CBNRM benefits calculated while non-monetary benefits (meat and other non-cash benefits) represented 26% (NACSO, 2010). Besides, CBNRM contribution to the Namibian net national income has steadily increased from 1990 to 2009, way above total programme spending (NACSO, 2010). In this regard, sustainability of the conservancy approach might not be questioned. Yet non-monetary social benefits should not be overestimated in national figures. For instance, Sullivan (2001) questions the inclusion of 'surrogate monetary values' for meat distribution because one must consider 'the manner by which local people have been [previously] alienated from the consumption of bushmeat' (p. 167); and Lapeyre (2009) shows that many non-monetary benefits accounted for actually include in-kind benefits to tourism employees such as staff meals, staff housing, travel, uniforms, training and access to cable TV. While some of these may appear real additional benefits from the CBNRM approach, some others in fact consist of standard labour rights. Besides, overall revenues are unequally distributed among conservancies. As stated by Corbier-Barthaux & Lapeyre (2013), the CBNRM approach focuses primarily on charismatic wildlife and habitat and its commercial use via upmarket sectors of tourism and hunting, which are geographically and temporally volatile by nature. Data show that a large majority of the programme's benefits are derived from the small number of conservancies that have managed to enter into partnership agreements with a limited number of very reputable private tourism lodges and hunting operators. In 2007, four partnership lodges out of 25 generated half of all conservancies' income derived from this type of tourism and nine lodges generated nearly three quarters (Corbier-Barthaux & Lapeyre, 2013). Such geographic concentration in profitable tourism activities explains disparities in revenues at the local level. Attractive conservancies with little population generate very significant income (in 2007 the Uibasen/Twyfelfontein conservancy, with 230 inhabitants, generated an income of €120 per capita) while conservancies in the north of the country, much more densely populated and not as well endowed, have benefited little from the programme (in 2007 the Uukwaluudhi and King Nehale conservancies generated less than €2 per capita). With the rapid registration of new, less attractive and more populated conservancies, although since 2000 overall income has significantly increased at the national level, per person revenues have in real fact stagnated at around €8 in 2000–2006 (Lapeyre, 2009) and dependency on donor and non-government organization (NGO) support has remained high. In 2009, out of 59 registered conservancies, 11 covered between 1 and 49% of their annual operational costs, 7 conservancies covered between 50 and 99%, and 20 covered 100%. The remaining 21 conservancies generated no revenue at all (NACSO, 2010). Does this mean the CBNRM programme should not register any new, less attractive conservancy whose financial viability is questionable? The fugitive nature of wildlife resources in semi-arid areas and their need to migrate and cope with climatic uncertainties actually calls for the necessary conservation of dispersal areas. In this regard, positive as well as negative externalities exist between on the one side attractive protected areas and conservancies, where tourism and hunting operations take place, and areas adjacent to these on the other; ungulates may need to move outside national parks to graze during dry seasons while elephants bs_bs_banner


In the three decades since it was established in the context of a secretive and technocratic intergovernmental organization, Europol has evolved into a European Union agency with some, albeit limited, supranational capacities. This article overviews the gradual legal development of Europol's powers and discusses the obstacles to creating a European federal police force. Limits to powers and accountability continue to frame discussions on EU's operational criminal justice powers. While many EU agencies can lay claim to embryonic supranational enforcement agency, the EU Member States have closely guarded operational and prosecutorial enforcement powers. This guardedness still shows, especially in EU criminal justice agencies' reliance on intergovernmental structures, such as colleges of national members, and mutually recognized but ultimately national decisions and judgments. Through the lens of its history, this article examines how and what kind of balance has been struck between accountability and competences in the current state of evolution toward Europol's potential supranational authority.


Considered wage standards of civil servants. Comparative study of systems of labour payment in three regions of Russian Federation. Substantiates the objectivity of the proposed system of remuneration of civil servants in the Chuvash Republic.


Generating timetables for train movements such that the total travel time of trains are minimized is studied more that 35 years in the literature. Up to now, many different methods same as exact, numeration, heuristics, simulation and knowledge-based ones have been presented. It can be easily observed that generally occurring disruptions in train movements are experienced in practice which results in non valid timetables. In these situations a real-time scheduling can be used which in fact is accompanied with some other difficulties. Based on the above fact finding timetables which have the ability of absorbing a predefined range of interruptions are highly invaluable. In this paper after a brief review about the robust timetables, two new methods are proposed to measure the robustness of train schedules. Finally an interesting example is presented to validate the introduced indices.


The implications of abundance measurements of cosmic-ray nuclei heavier than Fe are examined in light of standard propagation models and nucleosynthetic theory. Suggestions that the cosmic-ray source abundances differ significantly from solar system abundances are not well supported by the data without assuming ad hoc models of preferential acceleration. The solar system abundances of Pb and Bi are split into r-, standard s-, and cyclic s-process components to assess the contributions of these nucleosynthetic processes to the cosmic-ray source. The apparent deficiency of Pb seen in the HEAO 3 HNE data might indicate an absence of Pb from the recycling s-process.


In this study,the two kinds of nanoparticle pastes were prepared by using the modified polyol chemical reduction process,respectively,and the mixed nanoparticle paste was prepared by mechanically mixing of the two pastes.The sintering characteristics of the mixed paste were investigated,and the results show that the mixed paste had good oxidation resistance.Ag-coated copper bulks were bonded through the sintering of mixed paste.The results indicate that the increasing of Ag content in the paste was beneficial to high quality of joints,and with the bonding conditions of sintering at 250 ℃ for 5 min under 5 MPa pressure,the average shear strengths of joints using nano-Cu paste,mixed paste consisting of 50% mole Ag and 50% mole Cu,and nano-Ag paste,were 15 MPa,22 MPa and 56 MPa,respectively.


Quality evaluation of E-commerce which was studied from three perspectives,i.e.technological means,investigation of experts,perception of users is one of the important contents of website evaluation research.Setting up model and scales of perceived quality of e-commerce website becomes a hot spot and the forefront of the quality evaluation of e-commerce.It is generally accepted that perceived quality of e-commerce website is the assessment of users on the functions of website meeting their demands and the whole efficiency of websites.Based on the research results of forefathers,the authors launched questionnaires taking www.ctrip.com as an example to university students of tourism management at school,using factor analysis and regression analysis of SPSS12.0,and we set up a regression model of perceived whole service quality of website.At last,online service has the most prominent influence on perceived whole service quality of website,and it is the primary influential variable of perceived quality of website.


A study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage practices on soil properties under maize cultivation in savanna ecosystem of South Western Nigeria. The tillage systems evaluated were zero, convectional and traditional tillage systems. The results showed that there is a significant difference in soil parameters and crop morphologies at p , for crop growth and best performance of crop followed by conventional and no-tillage system in the area are studied respectively. The significant difference in yields adduced to lower bulk density, higher water holding capacity and porosity which increased plant root proliferation and optimal utilization of soil nutrients under tilled methods. Hence tillage methods have the capability to increase production while no-tillage is better under long term production for sustainable land use.


FIELD: communications engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed wireless mobile communication system has base station subsystem incorporating at least one base-station transceiver that communicates through radio link interface with plurality of mobile stations operating in compliance with set of various protocol standards. Mobile stations include at least one first mobile station operating in compliance with first protocol standard (IS-95) and at least one second mobile station operating in compliance with second protocol standard (GSM). Base station subsystem has page call/access manager that routes call through network in compliance with protocol for each call between base station subsystem and one of mobile stations. In this way IS-95 protocols are supported while using at the same time hybrid cellular communication network of GSM-CDMA protocol standard. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities. 37 cl, 4 dwg


The use of coatings has been discovered and introduced to protect the surfaces of any metals used as the piping on plant surfaces. Piping in plant surfaces are exposed to imbalance surroundings and conditions for its lifetime. Basically, surface coating is made up from chemical composition lead to the bigger problem in the future when being installed at the process site undergo chemical changes under environmental conditions and the transformation piping may be more toxic and carcinogenic than the parent molecule. The badly-behaved of toxic effluent discharge by synthetic coating can be counter by using natural coating thus creating more eco-friendly coating surfaces. The study presents the superhydrophobic coating based on dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) pigments was formulated and synthesized with different weight by weight (%wt/wt) concentration of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 and it consists of three phases to form superhydrophobic coating. The superhydrophobic was successfully provide higher water droplet test (ASTM D5946-04) with concentration of 0.6 (%wt/wt) which is up to 155.78°. It also reveals the optimum scratch resistance test up to concentration of 0.6 (%wt/wt) the most decent toward scratch resistance of the surfaces..


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) trebles the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD); once CAD has developed, the risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and clinical risk associated with a coronary event, both double in diabetic patients. Patients with T2DM have more extensive CAD and present at a younger age; therefore, identification and management of chronic angina in these patients presents an opportunity to limit both cardio- vascular symptoms and adverse outcomes. This article reviews the role of screening and treat- ment for chronic angina in patients with T2DM. There is a strong evidence base for modifying lifestyle as a way of reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the diabetic population and this article reviews evidence of lifestyle modification as an important and necessary adjunct to pharmacologic intervention. Management of chronic stable angina is addressed by looking at treatments that reduce ischemic symptoms and those that reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Trials specific to the diabetic population are limited, with information largely obtained from the diabetic subgroup analysis of large intervention trials. The growing diabetic population with increased propensity to cardiovascular disease mandates trials specifically in this patient population. Revascularization in patients with diabetes is associated with more complications than in the non-diabetic population. Recent trials specific to this population suggest surgical revascularization to be associated with better long-term outcomes and therefore, this article reviews the evidence for the optimal mode of revascularization in this population.


The preparation of transmission electron microscopy cross-section specimens using focused ion beam milling is outlined. The "liftout" and "trench" techniques are both described in detail, and their relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Artifacts such as ion damage to the top surface and sidewalls of the cross-section specimens, and methods of reducing them, are addressed.


Throughout recorded history scholars have made evident their deep concern to explore the relationships between thought and language in its various forms. From the logic-based metaphysics of Parmenides, the dialectic of Zeno and Socrates, through Descarte's cogito, to the empiricism of Locke and Kant's Critique of practical reason, philosophers have attempted to deal with supremely important but troubling issues connected with the nature of knowing, the relationship between thought and language and the role of experience in the construction of meaningful thought. Locke's rejection of innate ideas was quite revolutionary for his time and from some perspectives he may be accorded a special place in the rise of empiricism and the rejection of a priori knowledge. Whatever ideas we have, Locke argued (Essay concerning human understanding), derive from sensation and perception. Thinking requires ideas, which come from experience. Locke's contemporary importance lay in his clear assertion that knowledge about the world was purely verbal. From this perspective a major challenge for all peoples is to abstract meaning from experience through language. From a twenty-first-century position, Locke's philosophical stance is part of 'educated commonsense' as Russell (1991) puts it, except we are still left with the baffling psycho-neurological question as to how the mind builds conception from perception of sensations. Piaget's early work on cognition emphasized the role of sensation and experience, as the organism developed increasingly sophisticated mental structures through adaptation and accommodation, driven by a phylogenetically inherited capacity for developmental change. Such pedagogy as has been derived from Piagetian research, however has often taken the point on the provision of an environment rich in experience, and missed the point by conflating children's activity with psychological action. Vygotsky's criticism of Piagetian cognitive modelling


The biochemical modulations by fatty acids as a major components of lipids cannot be over-emphasized. The apolipoprotein-containing (LDL, VLDL and TG) and nonapolipoprotein-containing (HDL) lipid biomolecules. Cod liver oil has since gained acceptance as reliable lipid source compared to other sources of lipids that had been reported by researchers to have hypocholesterolemic activities. This study was aimed at comparing quail egg yolk hexane extract with cod liver oil. This research was the proceed of the antidyslipidemic activities of quail egg yolk hexane extract and the decision to compare with other acceptable fatty acid source. The comparism between these samples was evaluated by analytical processes carried out by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) and clinical lipid profile assays-HDL,TChol and TG, VLDL, LDL. atherogenic coefficient and index as well as coronary risk index, HDL/LDL-C and some other parameters that define dyslipidemia were calculated. Competitive activities were inferred between quail egg yolk hexane extract and cod liver oil, however, the cod liver oil had more antidyslipidemic effect than quail egg yolk. The n-6:n-3 ratio showed a more viable codliver oil than quail egg yolk extract-0.386 and 0.525 respectively. Keywords: Fatty acids, LDL,VLDL, Total Cholesterol, HDL, Atherogenicity, Dyslipidemia, Cod liver oil, Quail egg yolk lipid


The invention relates to an energy-saving circuit (6) for a network-powered device (PD) having a converter circuit (5) for generating an operating voltage (V The power saving circuit (6) comprises at least one switching element (8) for separating at least one electrical connection between the network and the converter circuit (5), at least one control circuit (9) for driving the at least one switching element (8) in dependence upon received from the device control signals for switching on and / or off as well as at least one energy buffer for storing the energy of more than provided the network voltage pulses (10, 11) for supplying the control circuit (9) with an operating power. The application relates to a network arrangement and a power saving method.


The invention belongs to the technical field of networks, and in particular relates to a method for realizing multi-Flash network flow monitoring on a webpage. In the method, a resource user opens a webpage to load multiple Flash plugins; when each Flash receives operational orders related to the user and the webpage and calls an application program interface (API) to carry out network processing operations, the information of network processing is obtained and then the information is subjected to analysis processing and storage; periodical summary is carried out at a regular time and webpage functions are called; summarized results and identifications are introduced; the webpage is used for storing the summarized results and the identifications for each Flash; the timing functions are started to summarize uploading and downloading flows; and the flows are processed and displayed on the webpage. The method is implemented based on the webpage; the flow monitoring for the multiple Flashes is supported, the data are directly taken from operational information related to networks, and the data on the flow monitoring are exact and timely; and a third application system is not required to carry out support processing. The method is convenient, quick and efficient.


Efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media at high current densities are necessary for industrial H2 production. Herein, results of theoretical and experimental studies...


Long-term monitoring of lake water is essential for tracking local and long-range effects of anthro-pogenic pressure and to inform policy aiming at mitigating human environmental impacts. Swedish reference lakes are recovering from acidification; are subject to climate change and increasing inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM). The integrated effects of different environmental pressures alters lake water chemistry and, consequently, affects lake ecosystems. Most time trend analyses have focused on changes in surface water chemistry, whereas less is known about trends in bottom waters. The overall aim of this study was therefore to assess long-term trends (1988-2015) in bottom water chemistry of Swedish reference lakes (n=13) in relation to trends in surface waters. The hypothesis was that the prevalent increasing DOM concentrations in northern lakes have exacerbated the depletion of hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO), as a result of DOM induced prolongation of stratification. Consequently, bottom water NH4-N (nitrate reduction to ammonia) and TP (internal loading) were expected to have increased over time in affected lakes. Time trend analysis (Mann-Kendall, p<0.05) showed that the yearly median bottom water DO has significantly decreased in 7 lakes. In 6 of these lakes (and 2 additional), surface water total organic carbon (TOC) has increased over time, however, rising TOC concentrations were more prevalent in bottom waters (12 lakes). The results further showed that bottom water nitrogen from ammonia (NH4-N) has increased in the 7 lakes with declining DO, whereas bottom water total phosphorus (TP) has increased in 4 of these lakes. In contrast, surface water TP has declined in 7 lakes, which may have masked additional increased internal loading of P. Closer observation of bottom water chemistry revealed that as DO levels dropped, TOC, NH4-N and TP concentrations peaked and were particularly high during periods of sustained anoxia (≥one year). The results also showed that bottom water Si concentrations have increased in most lakes. In the bottom waters of Brunnsjon, a sustained anoxic period coincided with a 32% step change in Si concentration. In conclusion, the underlying mechanism of the observed rising trends in bottom water TOC, NH4-N and TP are likely a result of prolonged or increased incidence of DO depleted hypolimnia. Clearly, monitoring of bottom waters can reveal important aspects of long-term changes in lake water chemistry. Future research is needed to further assess the long-term effects of brownification and climate change on bottom water DO in northern lakes.


Research gasificatin to produce syngas made from sugar cane that brings so much impurity particles used in the form of wet scrubber filter and straw filter function produces syngas which is more environmentally friendly. temperature data collection at four points gasification reactor to determine the temperature distribution in the reactor to obtain the zone drying, pyrolysis, reduction, and oxidation. The energy content of LHV syngas best reviewed when the reactor temperature 8500C achievement of stability and reactor temperature in the range of 700-8000C for 70 minutes. The higher the value LHV syngas then is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption / the specific fuel consumed which will be less, because the better the value LHV carbon conversion into syngas (CH4, CO, and H2) higher and reduce unburned carbon. At optimal conditions, namely the achievement of 8500C temperature produces the energy conversion efficiency of 37%.


The purpose of this research was to Determine the purpose of Integrity, Objectivity, moral courage on the effectiveness of internal audit and to know senior management support as moderating the effect of integrity on the effectiveness of internal audit,senior management support as the moderating influence of Objectivity on the effectiveness of internal audit and senior management support moral courage as a moderating influence towards the effectiveness of internal audit. The type of research was associative research. The Data used was primary and secondary data. The population of this research was internal auditors at the government bank in western Ilir subdistrict Palembang with 38 respondents. The techniques of data collection was by distributing questionnaires. The Methods of data analysis used in this research was quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the research indicated resources Significantly integrity that influenced the effectiveness of internal audit. Objectivity Significantly influenced the effectiveness of internal audit and moral courage that Significantly influenced the effectiveness of internal audit. Senior management support was Able to Strengthen Integrity, Objectivity and moral courage towards the effectiveness of internal audit.


A large number of foamy cells were noted in the spleens from fourteen ITP patients, and two patients ‐who received a large amount of platelet rich plasma. Using the unlabelled immunoperoxidase method, these foamy cells were shown to contain platelet antigen. Platelets in varying stages of intracellular digestion, from intact‐apperaring forms to myelin‐like materials, were disclosed in foamy cells.


This paper analyzes the impact of executives' hometown identification on corporate environmental social responsibility (CESR) using a sample of Chinese A-share-listed companies from 2007 to 2018. It finds that: the CESR scores of companies are higher when executives work in their hometowns, indicating that executives' hometown identification significantly improves the fulfillment of CESR; mechanism tests show that the above relationship is more significant in regions with superior environmental quality, indicating that executives take CESR more seriously in their hometowns more due to social pressure; further tests found that executive characteristics, such as executive type and age, have a regulating effect on this relationship. In addition, the nature of property rights of listed companies also affects executives' hometown identification. Executives of state-owned enterprises have a stronger hometown identification, which enhances the fulfillment of CESR to a higher extent. In the context of the micro level of the enterprise, this paper provides positive evidence that an informal system, named as "hometown identity", can enhance the performance of CESR and the pressure effect implicitly behind the social network, which enriches and expands the research related to CESR fulfillment.


Introduction A reconstruction method was presented by Pruessmann et al. for Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE)[1] with arbitrary k-space trajectory [2]. The method can be applied to the MR data acquired on a radial, spiral and random k-space trajectory as well as Cartesian k-space trajectory. However, in the reconstruction procedure, the method requires gridding step which converts the coordinates from arbitrary grid to Cartesian grid. Therefore, it suffers from the gridding interpolation error in the reconstructed image. In this study, we proposed a reconstruction algorithm for parallel imaging with radial k-space trajectory. The presented method does not require gridding step and can reconstruct the images using only magnitude information of the projection data which is obtained after the Fourier transform along the radial direction.


Noninvasive assessment of intracranial stenosis is important to manage ischemic stroke patients. However, few previous studies have compared 3D black‐blood MRI with 3D time‐of‐flight (TOF), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for intracranial artery plaque assessment.


A self-avoiding polymer embedded in a two-dimensional quenched random medium consisting of randomly distributed attractive sites has been studied using Monte Carlo methods. It is shown that at a critical temperature the adsorption energy exhibits a sharp transition to a localized state. The transition is characterized by a discontinuity of the adsorption energy at the critical point. The radius of gyration of the chain remains essentially unaffected by the disorder with respect to the chain length dependency. However, there is some evidence that at the critical point the size of the polymer starts to increase with decreasing temperature. Formulas for energy and critical temperature are suggested.


Production of antibacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum TGR-2 was carried out by mutation technique using UV radiation and chemical mutagenic agent (acrydine orange (AO), ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), and N-methyl-N-nitro sulfonate nitrosoguanidine (NTG). As a marker was applied chloramphenicol for 10 ppm. Total 214 mutants were obtained from all of the treatments and then screened based on their activities against Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047 as bacterial indicator, using agar diffusion and turbidimetric assay techniques. Results showed that 24 mutants could produce higher amount of antibacteria and two of them, NTG and acrydine orange treatments, had higher stability than others. Characterization of two mutants, determination of biochemistry traits and optimization of antibacterial (bacteriocin) production were done. The product showed that UV-15, EMS-10, AO-6 and NTG-21 mutants could produce antibacterial substance 3,90, 4.40, 3.40 and 4.17 AU/ml for 16, 12, 12, and 16 hours incubation, respectively, compared to Lactobacillus plantarum TGR-2 which produced 1.07 UA/ ml for 24 hours incubation.


The design of the current desktop/server operating systems is premised on the use of slow magnetic disks. Two recent developments, (i) RAM capacity nearing 264 bytes, and (ii) the introduction of non-volatile memory (NVRAM), provide an opportunity for a complete re-design of traditional Unix-like operating systems. We discuss some of the issues which support that proposition and offer a few suggestions for areas that may benefit from looking back at pioneering work. We then propose a segmented memory model for the MIPS processor.


Markarian 421 is one the most extreme blazars characterized by a complex, unpredictable timing/spectral variability, strong X-ray outbursts in some epochs, very broad, nonthermal spectral energy distribution (SED) extending over 16–18 orders of frequency and showing a typical two"hump" structure. The lower-energy component, ranging from the radio to X-rays, is widely accepted to be synchrotron radiation emitted by ultra-relativistic electrons, while the origin of the higher-energy emission (the MeV–TeV range) still remains controversial (synchrotron selfCompton, external Compton, hadronic etc.). All these radiative mechanisms need the presence of highly-relativistic particles in the jet, to be initially accelerated via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism and magneto-hydrodynamic processes in the vicinity of the central super-massive black hole. However, particles lose the energy, required for the emission of the KeV photons, very quickly and the source can maintain its flaring state on the daily-weekly timescales if some additional acceleration mechanisms are continuously at work in the jet. According to the different studies and simulations, particles can gain a tremendous energy due to the propagation of relativistic shocks through the jet: by means of first-order Fermi mechanism at the shock front, or by an efficient stochastic (second-order Fermi) acceleration close to the shock, in the turbulent jet medium. Our intensive X-ray spectral study of Mrk 421 has revealed the dominance of these processes in different epochs: in some periods, the spectral curvature and the photon index showed a positive cross-correlation (expected in the framework of energy-dependent acceleration probability scenario: a particular case of first-order Fermi mechanism), and the source generally demonstrated the a spectral behaviour compatible with the stochastic (second-order Fermi) acceleration (low spectral curvature; anti-correlation between the spectral curvature and the position of the synchrotron SED peak). For our target, relativistic magnetic reconnection seems to be more important during the radio-optical flares. A jet-star interaction process could be the case during 2016 April–August when the source showed a soft gamma-ray excess.


TWENTY-FIVE per cent DDT is 25% DDT. How often have you heard this thought expressed in regard to buying pesticides? Chemically it is true, but active ingredient content is only part of the story of how a pesticide will pe r fo rm. The physical characteristics of a formulation are jus t as impor tan t as its chemical content. Our objective in lawn spraying is to bring a pesticide in contact with a pest in a manner that results in the control of the pest. For example, our major lawn pest in Florida is the chinch bug. We know that this insect is usually found in the stolon or runner port ion of the St. Augus t ine grass mat. Therefore, to control this pest we must deposit our pesticide on this portion of the turf. We try to accomplish this by applying large quantities of spray to the grass leaves, so that runoff occurs and the spray travels downward to the stolon area. Most of us have always believed that if the water portion of our spray reached a certain spot, insect icide was carried By FRANK L. WILSON


This article critically reviews the emerging field of DNA materials science, which is expected to add a new horizon to the conventional materials science landscape. The introduction provides a short overview on recent developments in the non-biological application of DNA and DNA science. We discuss the roles of DNA in photonics and optoelectronics, DNA-assisted preparation of inorganic nanoparticles and aggregates, and electrical and magnetic properties of DNA and their influence on nanoscience and technology. We also explore the potential applications of DNA in the development of innovative memory and communication devices. Self-assembly and new sensing technologies based on DNA are only briefly discussed, partly because of the many excellent published reviews on these subjects.


Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has traditionally required cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and global cardioplegic arrest. Surgeons have had still and bloodless fields in which to perform accurate microvascular anastamoses. Morbidity and mortality rates have continuously declined despite worsening patient demographics. Concern for the unwanted sequelae of CPB in this higher-risk patient population has prompted surgeons to re-explore the feasibility of "offpump" CABG (OPCAB). Several groups reported successful series of OPCAB in the 1980s but interest was not ~ idespread. ' -~ In the mid-l990s, single bypass of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) through small anterior thoracotomy incisions began to gain in pop~larity.~,5 With the advent of mechanical stabilization of target coronary arteries, the reported patency rates for beating heart CABG approached or equaled those obtained with CPB-supported CABG.6 In 1996, Borst et al. reported the development of a novel suction-based stabilizer (Medtronic Octopus) and described its use in 100 patient^.^-^ Their animal studies explored the hemodynamic consequences of vertical cardiac displacement, which is necessary for posterior and lateral vessel grafting.l0,l Several other surgeons developed techniques to allow complete revascularization of the beating heart with reliably good hemodynam-


The purpose of this research was to detect the influence of motivation, work discipline and organizational culture toward employee performance, either together also partially. The research population was all employees totaling 117 people. The sample taken with using census sampling, in which all members of the population sampled. Data collection techniques used are questionnaire and documentation.Answers given by the respondents analyzed quantitatively using SPSSfor Windows version 20. Research data quality is tested with test validity and reliability that the ordinal scale data is then transformed into a scale interval by using the help method successive intervals are integrated in Microsoft Excel. This research was conducted in the testing primary assumptions the regression includes data normality test, linearity test, multikolinieritas test and heteroskedastisitas test. The research result show the motivation (x1), work discipline (x2) and organizational culture (x3) influences performance (Y) as big as 0,367 (36,7%), while the remaining is influenced by other factor. Motivation variables (x1), the working discipline (x2) and organizational culture (x3) a positive and significant effect on performance (Y) with Fcount 21,796 and the value of significant F is equal to 0.0000. Furthermore, motivation (x1) partially positive and significant effect on performance (Y) with tcount is 4,347 and value of the significant t is 0.000. The work discipline (x2) partially positive and significant effect on performance (Y) with tcount is 3,831 and value of significant is 0.000. But, the organizational culuter (x3) intermediates do not affect significantly the performance (Y) because the value of tcount is equal to 1,698, which is less than the value of ttable 1,981, the significant value of is 0.092 which is greater than the value of ? (0.05).


A systematic analysis of the effect of oxygen concentration in inert gas environments on friction and wear properties of carbon nitride (CNx) coatings is discussed in this paper. The friction tests in inert gas environments with constant and increasing oxygen concentration were performed using a ball-on-disk tribometer equipped with a gas blow unit and a ball-on-disk tribometer situated inside a steel chamber, respectively. It is found that the friction coefficients of CNx coatings in inert gas environments increased linearly from 0.04 or less to around 0.10 with the increase of oxygen concentration from 0 to 10 vol.%. Their increased slowly to 0.12 with further increasing oxygen concentration. The specific wear rates of the ball and the disk in the range of friction coefficients less than 0.06 were in the order of 10-8 mm3/Nm and 10-7 mm3/Nm, respectively. These wear rates increased almost linearly with the increase of oxygen concentration in inert gas environments, except for the case of CNx coated Si3N4 ball. The friction and wear mechanisms of CNx coatings in inert gas environments with different oxygen concentration were discussed according to the composition and structural changes of worn surfaces on disks by using XPS and Raman analysis.


Let ƒ be a complex-valued function denned on a closed subset F of the finite complex plane C, and let {Zn } be a sequence on F without limit points. We wish to find an analytic function g which simultaneously approximates ƒ uniformly on F and interpolates ƒ at the points {Zn }.


Concern on various aspects of medicinal plants is gaining momentum and research focus is increasing on a wide spectrum of activities starting form in vitro propagation to metabolomics. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook F & Thoms, is one of the important medicinal plant species widely used for various medicinal purposes particularly in India. However, due to large scale exploitation for commercial purpose, Tinospora cordifolia is facing rarity in natural habitats of India. This review includes the aspects of in vitro propagation and medicinal attributes including anti-microbial properties of Tinospora cordifolia. Biomedical study on the species and information based on metabolomics besides other biotechnological investigations including molecular characterization of diverse germplasm constitute the future scope of the review.


Following publication of this article [1], concerns were raised about errors in the article and the scientific soundness of the work. The PLOS ONE Editors had the article reassessed by a member of our Editorial Board and one of the journal's Statistical Advisors with expertise in meta-analyses. This assessment confirmed that there are reporting errors in the published article as well as concerns about the study design, data analyses, and conclusions. Specific concerns and errors include:


Experiential training is a critical component of pharmacy education. At the turn of the 20th century there was no required educational degree or experiential training for pharmacists prior to licensure, although many pharmacists chose to complete apprenticeships. Beginning with New York in 1910, the states slowly began requiring pharmacy degrees that ranged from 2 to 6 years.1 In 2000, all first professional pharmacy degrees became the 6-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degree.


Budget studies in Brazil are eminently technical, with only a few utilizing theoretical models to examine and understand the behavior of the decisions in the budget process. This purpose of this study is to analyze, among a set of factors, which ones were the determining for the budget execution policy in Brazil, in the period from 1980 to 2018. The study uses the Incremental Theory and the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory as support to develop the dependent variable (incremental and/or one-off variations in the decisions of implementation of the Federal Budget) and, thus, to test hypotheses of determining factors based on empirical studies (explanatory variables). The results showed that the variables "collected revenue" and per capital Gross Domestic Product showed a positive and significant effect with the execution of the budget expenditure (stability and punctuated variations), that is, larger revenues and per capita Gross Domestic Product result in an increment of public services at federal level. However, as resources are scarce, one must observe that the spending levels must be correlated with the economic growth. The variable "number of inhabitants (population)" has a negative and significant effect with the budget execution of the expenditure, signaling that the increase in the number of inhabitants causes a reduction in the provision of public services by the State/Public Administration, especially in view of the population's aging process. The variables related to the "political opposition" from the Presidents of the Lower House and from the Federal Senate to the President of the Republic (political competition) did not show statistical significance.


INTRODUCTION: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) constitute a high-risk population for malnutrition. Routine screening with standardized tools is recommended but can be challenging. Outcome data specific to IBD are sparse. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study (2009–2019) and electronically screened a large community-based population with IBD for malnutrition risk by extracting height and longitudinal weight, data elements used in the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate whether an electronic medical record–derived modified MUST malnutrition risk score was associated with IBD-related hospitalization, surgery, and venous thromboembolism. RESULTS: Malnutrition risk was categorized as low in 10,844 patients with IBD (86.5%), medium in 1,135 patients (9.1%), and high in 551 patients (4.4%). In the 1-year follow-up period, medium and high malnutrition risks, compared with low risk, were associated with IBD-related hospitalization (medium-risk adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–2.42; high-risk aHR 1.90, 95% CI 1.30–2.78) and IBD-related surgery (medium risk aHR 2.28, 95% CI 1.60–3.26; high risk aHR 2.38, 95% CI 1.52–3.73). Only high malnutrition risk was associated with venous thromboembolism (aHR 2.79, 95% CI 1.33–5.87). DISCUSSION: Malnutrition risk is significantly associated with IBD-related hospitalization, surgery, and venous thromboembolism. Application of the MUST score to the electronic medical record can efficiently identify patients at risk for malnutrition and adverse outcomes, permitting concentration of nutritional and nonnutritional resources to those at greatest risk.


In previous works a numerical study of the unsteady two dimensional flow in the cavity of an excimer laser has been presented. In this paper, the numerical method based on a finite difference scheme, associated with a flux transport algorithm (SHASTA-FCT method), is developed for computing the flow in a pulsed chemical laser. The gas mixture contains SF6 and the evolution of the ratio of specific heats (gamma) as a function of temperature must be included in the numerical approach. The elliptic shape of the lower electrode leads to a convergent divergent laser cavity and allows a better damping of pressure waves due to the non-uniformity of the energy deposition. From a comparison between numerical and experimental results on the evolution of the wall pressure at a given position it is possible to come up to the real shape of the energy deposition. In addition, the numerical simulation of the flow is carried out over two interpulse time to get the description of the flow field in a multidischarge configuration.