Objective To investigate the effect of prehospital emergency on patients with cerebral apoplexy. Methods 200 patients with cerebral apoplexy were rescued during January 2005 to June 2013.They were randomized into two groups:the experimental group(n=100)and the controlgroup(n=100).The experimental group wag treated by prehospital cerebral apoplexy nursing pathway and the control group received normal nursing procedure.The two groups were compared concerning the mortality,the disability rates and the nursing effect. Results The mortality and disability rates in the experimental group were both lowered significantly than those of the control group(both P0.05)and the satisfaction was higher significantly than those of the control group(both P0.05). Conclusion Prehospital emergency not only decrease the mortality and disability rates of cerebral apoplexy but also increase its satisfaction,and it deserves to be popularized.


The informative concernment justification of textural features in contrast with spectral features is produced in article. The review of textural features is made. The thumbnail sketch of each sign is given. The problem of the choice informative textures is considered.


Nuclear weapons and strategic strike capability are the highest priority of the Russian Federation. Russia is deploying both advanced new strategic nuclear delivery vehicles and new types of nuclear weapons. Russian military leaders have openly stated that Russia has deliberately lowered the nuclear use threshold and talk about the use of nuclear weapons in regional and local wars. This is attributed to weakness in conventional forces. However, a number of respected Russian military analysts argue that the real motive is to increase political clout against the United States and NATO. Russia has formally adopted a nuclear escalation doctrine in which the introduction of nuclear weapons into a conventional conflict is characterized as "deescalation" of the conflict. Unlike NATO's "flexible response" doctrine of the 1960s—the nearest parallel to current Russian thinking—there is a dangerous assumption that the use of few nuclear weapons will end a conflict with a Russian victory. Failure to view Russia realistically could endanger U.S. national security in the future.


High speed of the hypersonic vehicle can cause the noticeable scale effect and intra-pulse Doppler on radar echoes, especially under the large time-bandwidth product transmitting signal. Under this condition, the conventional narrowband matched filter can introduce an obvious output signal-to-noise ratio loss to the radar target detection and big errors to motion parameter estimation. In addition, the long-time integration and high speed can lead to the across range unit, which further deteriorates the detection performance and motion parameter estimation. In order to address these problems, we first mathematically analyze the wideband radar echo model (because the narrowband condition is not met for hypersonic vehicle detection) and obtain the mathematic relationship among the scale effect, speed, and time-bandwidth product. Thereafter, based on this mathematic relationship, we define a generalized matched filter and propose a coherent long-time integration algorithm for the hypersonic vehicle detection. Compared with the full parameter space searching algorithm, this proposed algorithm obtains nearly the same anti-noise performance with a much lower computational complexity. Through mathematical analyses and numerical simulations, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. It is worthwhile noting that the aforementioned mathematic relationship provides a theoretical basis for the transformation from the wideband radar echo model to the conventional narrowband radar echo model. On this basis, the hypersonic vehicle detection algorithm can be studied widely.


Theories of interdependent preferences predicts that the effect of peer earnings on individual well-being is either negative, the relative deprivation, or positive the cognitive effect. The evidence so far has attributed the dominance of each of the above effects on the country's economic and political environment. This study claims that relative earnings can affect job satisfaction in two opposite ways, through the affective, relative deprivation, and the cognitive channel. The dominance of each effect depends on the individual-specific financial situation rather than the country's environment. Utilising a longitudinal dataset for British employees, the results of this study show that the cognitive informational effect of peer earnings dominates social comparisons for those in financial distress. It further suggests job satisfaction is a relative concept.


In this paper, Mg-XY-1.5Ce-0.6Zr (X = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4.5, 6.5 wt%) alloys with different contents of element Y (1 wt% to 6.5 wt%) were prepared. The flame resistance, oxidation behavior, microstructure and phases of the resulting alloys with varying proportions of elements Y and Ce were investigated thoroughly. The results showed that the flame resistance of Mg-2Y-1.5Ce-0.6Zr alloy with 2 wt% of element Y was the highest and the corresponding ignition point was 920 °C. The contents of elements Y and Ce on the surface of the alloy changed at different temperatures. A dense oxide film composed of Y2O3 and MgO was formed on the surface after oxidation reaction for 90 min at 550 °C. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the chemical reaction activity of Y was higher than that of Mg and Ce, and the element Y could easily diffuse on the alloy surface at high temperature.


The V600mutation in the v-raf murine sarcoma oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) enzyme, is a potential clinically actionable target in gliomas. BRAF inhibitors are in wide clinical use for other tumour types, particularly melanoma. The prevalence of this mutation across all gliomas is not fully elucidated and is needed to inform potential screening and treatment.

 A systematic review using articles on the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (February 1, 2019) was carried out. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the prevalence of BRAF mutations in patients with gliomas across all populations and age groups in a clinical setting.

 The review identified 75 studies including 6316 patients; the ages of participants ranged from 30 days to 90 years with a mean age of 32.75 years. Across all studies, the average prevalence of BRAF mutations was 16% (95% confidence interval (CI) from 12% to 20%) but estimates were highly variable across studies, ranging from 0% to 78%. The average prevalence of BRAF mutations in paediatric group was 15% (95% CI 10% to 20%) while the average prevalence in the adult group was 9% (95% CI 4% to 16%). Low grade gliomas had an average prevalence of 19% (95% CI 14% to 25%) compared with 7% (95% CI 4% to 11%) in high-grade gliomas.

 BRAF mutations were found to be more prevalent in pediatric patients and in low grade gliomas. Screening these patients for BRAF mutations and treating them with BRAF inhibitors represents a promising area of future medical practice.


We estimate the semantic similarity between two sentences using regression models with features: 1) n-gram hit rates (lexical matches) between sentences, 2) lexical semantic similarity between non-matching words, and 3) sentence length. Lexical semantic similarity is computed via co-occurrence counts on a corpus harvested from the web using a modified mutual information metric. State-of-the-art results are obtained for semantic similarity computation at the word level, however, the fusion of this information at the sentence level provides only moderate improvement on Task 6 of SemEval'12. Despite the simple features used, regression models provide good performance, especially for shorter sentences, reaching correlation of 0.62 on the SemEval test set.


The Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) payload will be launched on a small satellite in 2007 for exploring plasma and atmospheric outflow process in the polar region. The subject of this paper is whether one can determine the properties of large‐scale ionospheric structures by studying the perturbations that they cause on HF radio waves received at the e‐POP satellite from ground‐based transmitters such as the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI). The perturbations on the received waves have been investigated using numerical ray‐tracing methods. These simulation results show that ionospheric irregular structures lead to a complex pattern of amplitude, propagation time delay, Doppler frequency, and direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) effects on the HF radio waves received at the satellite. The simulations also show that ionospheric density structure cannot be measured unambiguously using a single wave property. Therefore a "catalog" of HF signatures of typical ionospheric irregularities has been established in order to be able to interpret the e‐POP HF measurements in terms of ionospheric structures.


A thin section technique of Ogawa egg yolk culture medium inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae-murium was found to reveal microscopical growth of the strain which could not be demonstrated by macroscopical examination. A peculiar structure of the growth, characterized by many lytic spots different in size, was observed indicating the possible presence of a temperate phage which may interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids needed for the active multiplication of M. leprae-murium.


posed to the abstractions of several hundred Mapuche (a people of Andean Argentina).1 Various kinds of data are presented on multiple levels of description and interpretation. Such a strategy is motivated by four considerations: the importance of making our professional biases clear and our analytic interpretations accessible to future critics of method; the need to illumine those stages of "discovery" through which at least this ethnomusicologist milked some sense out of confusion; the hope that interested colleagues may discover in the data relationships that I cannot yet grasp; and an urgency for descriptions from which scholars may design controlled, qualitative, cross-cultural comparisons. In both a personal and professional mode of introspection, I am intrigued by questions of why human groups and the individuals comprising those groups decide to do one thing over another, what makes people "change their minds," and how we rationalize inconsistencies in our thinking and behavior. Some of the implications of this study address matters of choice, even in the recognition that each researcher makes methodological decisions and that each Mapuche assigns more relevance to some aspects of daily life than to others. The examination of a specific vocal genre called tayil from the perspective of (my isolation and interpretation of) Mapuche tenets of time, thought, growth, and transformation can provide a partial answer to the ways and reasons choices are made within tayil performance. I will discuss aspects of performance as parts of a process through which social relevances may be determined. This study is also about things specifically "musical." But it is about things-musical as constituents of a particular type of order-an Order believed to illuminate, permeate, dictate, and mediate disjunction in other spheres of social action. "Pulling the ancestors"(entun kuifi) is a metaphor that refers to the act of performing tayil, the "material" or explicit 0014-1836/79/2303-0395$0.66 O 1979 Society for Ethnomusicology, Inc. 395


By using the nonnegative matrix theory , we discuss the upper bound for the permanent of the matrix whose definition is weaker than the one in paper [1] and obtain a wider result.


As the Law Commission welcomes suggestions for the 11th Programme of Law Reform, this article argues that the criminal law is an ideal candidate for reform and explores the potential for the implementation of a criminal code in England and Wales. While numerous obstacles exist to impede codification efforts, namely institutional and professional hostility, claims that a criminal code's theoretical foundations are incompatible with England's common law sympathies, and the current trend towards stop-gap legislation, the author nevertheless argues that a criminal code is necessary in order to rectify the substantial lacunae in the fundamental relationship between the individual and the state. The article sets out the case for a criminal code and examines reasons of failed attempts at codification, which was once at the forefront of the Law Commission's reform agenda. Endeavours such as Bentham's Utilitarianism, Macaulay's efforts in India and the 19th century Law Commissioners are scrutinised in an attempt to divine the likelihood of codification and conditions for success. German criminal law is endorsed as a source of inspiration in the search for a coherent and efficient code and the author submits that with the support of the judiciary, Parliament, government and legal scholarship, criminal codification is attainable.


The invention discloses a method for measuring the temperature of a laser processing workpiece via a thermocouple. The method comprises the following steps (1) the contact type thermocouple is used to measure the temperature of a point to be measured of the laser processing workpiece, and laser of certain light-spot diameter causes temperature change of the workpiece at the surface of the workpiece; (2) two wire electrodes of the thermocouple are welded to the external edge of the light-spot diameter of the laser, and a temperature change signal of the workpiece is converted into an electromotive force signals via a thermoelectric effect of the thermocouple; and (3) a signal measuring instrument displays the temperature of the point to be measured of the workpiece. The temperature of the laser processing workpiece is measured in the method, the structure is simple, direct contact with the measured object is made, the measuring process is not influenced by the surface state of the measured object or the physical parameter of a measuring medium, and the temperature measuring precision is higher; and the thermocouple is an artificial thermocouple, the thermal ends of the thermocouple are arranged at the surface or inside of part, and the problem that a non-contact measuring method is influenced by the intermediate medium is solved.


The behavior of the electric-field gradients ~EFG's! at all nuclear sites for YBa 2Cu4O8 ~Y124! under pressure has been obtained within the local-density approximation ~LDA ! to density-functional theory, using the full-potential linear-augmented plane-wave method. We have also calculated their changes with temperature by including solely effects due to the crystallographic temperature modifications. The need for using an extended basis to deal with errors due to extended core states or linearization of narrow states is demonstrated by comparing our results to those obtained using the more standard two-panel scheme. The calculated EFG's at ambient pressure for plane and chain Cu and O sites agree with already published theoretical values, but those of Y and Ba are quite different. The EFG's for which there exist experimental determinations are reproduced except for planar Cu, where a factor of three discrepancy is found. This is similar to the case of YBa2Cu3O6.9, where the EFG's of the planar Cu were off by a factor of two. The smaller predicted anisotropy has been attributed to a real failure of the LDA. As pressure is increased the calculated EFG's at planar Cu sites remain practically constant. Since many properties of Y124, including Tc , are very sensitive to pressure it has been speculated that there should be a corresponding charge redistribution in the Cu-O planes and this, in principle, should be reflected in changes in the components of the EFG's. This does not happen. Experimentally pressure changes in EFG's at Cu site are small. From our analysis of the p andd contributions to the EFG at planar Cu sites it is found that charge redistribution does indeed occur but in such a manner that the contribution to changes to the EFG cancels. @S0163-1829 ~97!06546-6#


Winery Wastewaters (WW) are characterised by their high biological oxygen demand, organic contents and electrical conductivity, being regarded as one of the major environmental issues generated by wine production. Each winery is unique in WW generation (highly variable, 0,5-14 L per litre of wine) and disposal. Thus plans for environmentally friendly management of waste are not universal and should be tested for their effectiveness. In Portugal, many wineries discharge directly their WW into the surface water bodies, sewage or irrigation, without planning. With careful planning and management, the use of WW in agriculture can be beneficial to the environment, contributing to recycle nutrients and saving water. The sustainable development of landscape, and agricultural irrigation with WW, should be done using guidelines, which are an important step in the planning and implementation of safe use of WW for irrigation. These guidelines are established in some wine-producing countries with high environmental concern, especially Australia and South Africa. However, it is important to know the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the winery WW, the potential phytotoxicity associated with this type of WW and the edaphoclimatic conditions of the vitiviniculture region, in order to create / adapt guidelines that are in compliance with Portuguese legal requirements. The winery wastewaters (WW) are seasonally produced and its treatment and disposal represents a main problem to the winery sector, as a result of the amount and composition of the wastewater produced over the year. WW is generated mainly as the result of washing equipment and bottles and purges from the cooling process. As a consequence of the working period and the winemaking technologies, volumes and pollution loads greatly vary over the year (Duarte et al., 2004; Eusébio et al., 2005). Further, as each winery is unique in wastewater generation (highly variable, 0,5 to 14 L per litre of wine) and disposal, plans for environmentally friendly management of waste are not universal and should be tested for its effectiveness. In Portugal, many wineries discharge their wastewater directly into surface water bodies, only 17% of the wineries have environmental licence, 5% dispose a pre-treated wastewater for the municipal wastewater treatment and 7% dispose the treated wastewater into water body (MAOTDR, 2007). In order to achieve the best available technology for wastewater treatment is also important to be acquainted with the wastewater final disposal. In Portugal, the sector with the highest water consumption is the agricultural sector (87%), followed by urban sector (8%) and finally the industrial sector (5%) (MAOTDR, 2001). The search for new water sources is based on different driving forces, in particular, the population growing and the increasing interest in treated wastewater as a source of supplemental irrigation (Ryder et al., 2004). In water scarce regions, there is a benefit when the treated wastewater is used as an economic additional water supply, in agriculture (WHO, 2006), which occurs in southern Portugal. Therefore, a number of concerns had to be taken into account and the knowledge of the treated wastewater composition is critical for safe use (Bustamante et al. 2004). Another important issue is the appropriate price for wastewater. According to Mekala et al. (2008) a very low price for wastewater may encourage inefficient use and may lead to the perception that it is a cheap and unlimited resource. This problem should be considered in Portugal, since the efficiency of water use in the agriculture sector is already very low (57%) (MAOTDR, 2001). However, with regard to the wine sector, the vineyards are usually in the surroundings of the cellar, so the cost of the winery wastewater treatment is charged to the producer. The experience gained over several years in research projects, where different wineries were monitored, contributed to the improvement of technical and scientific knowledge in this area. In this study, a diagnostic was made in several wineries, throughout the country, which were characterized in terms of type of wine produced; tonnes of grapes processed; water consumption, WW quality and


Recent studies have shown that African Americans have genetic variants that appear to incrementally increase their risk for ESRD. This month, "The AJT Report" explores the dilemma now facing transplant professionals: Should African American potential live kidney donors be prospectively genotyped and warned about possible associations between genetic background and outcomes? Also this month, "The AJT Report" checks in on the status of some living donor outcomes research.


The invention relates to a concrete additive and discloses a concrete composite additive capable of optimizing a hydration heat release process of cement, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65 to 75 percent of naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensation product, 9 to 15 percent of lignosulfonic acid calcium salt, 8 to 10 percent of sodium gluconate and 8 to 10 percent of sucrose. When the additive is used, the hydration heat release of cement has the characteristic of two peaks and equal peak values. When other conditions are the same, the hydration heat half age of the cement mixed with the additive is three times longer than cement mixed with a naphthalene sulfonate water reducer and a concrete thermal-insulation temperature rise at a 7d age is reduced by about 7 DEG C; and the additive allows a cooling measure of introducing water to concrete to play a better cooling role, reduces the temperature rise peak value of the concrete by about 4 DEG C, ensures a remarkable cooling effect and has a great significance for the temperature control and cracking prevention of concrete. In addition, when the product provided by the invention is added, the pressure strength, working performance, durability and the like of concrete are all improved obviously.


Abstract This article examines Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector's contributions to the women's pages of the newspapers Correio da Manhã and Diário da Noite between 1959 and 1961. While Lispector's fictional output has spawned a steady flow of scholarly and academic studies from a wide array of disciplines and fields of study, her journalistic production, in particular the women's pages she crafted under a pseudonym, has hardly received any critical attention. The "women's page" is a fixed section in magazines and newspapers entirely dedicated to women, addressed specifically to a female readership, and generally authored by a woman or a female persona. The purpose of this article is to redress this critical oversight and complement the only study so far of this corpus – Aparecida Maria Nunes's Clarice Lispector Jornalista – by arguing that, in Lispector's hands, these pages become spaces of potential cultural and political intervention. Through their nuanced parody of other comparable discursive spaces and their overemphasis on what is culturally constructed as feminine, Lispector's pages perform a transvestite gesture that unsettles normative models of femininity and dislodges a heteronormative temporality predicated upon birth, marriage, reproduction, and death.


Cimahi City is located in West Java Province, Indonesia. With a population of half a million and the annual waste generation per capita reaching 0.48 kg/day, managing municipal waste has become increasingly challenging. To date, waste management costs in Cimahi City have not been specifically addressed. In addition to the total cost, there is also a plan to move the final landfill site from TPA Sarimukti, which is located approximately 34 km from the city center to a new final landfill site in TPA Legok Nangka, which is located approximately 56 km from Cimahi Municipality. This move will cause an increase in the cost to Cimahi Municipality. This study aims to analyze the optimum waste management strategies for Cimahi City according to the environmental and cost-benefit impacts of the landfill site move. We used life cycle assessment and cost-benefit analysis to determine the optimum solution for waste management strategies of Cimahi City. Four scenarios, including the addition of waste banks, were compared as municipal waste management strategies. The switch of landfills did not contribute significantly to the total CO2 equivalent emitted. Increasing the number of waste banks could be an alternative to reducing the cost of waste disposal in landfills. Scenario (SC)-2 the scenario with additional government waste banks established, provided the highest net present value equal to Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 1,428,622 per tonne of waste managed and was considered the most profitable in terms of the cost-benefit ratio. Hence, SC-2 was the most preferred for implementation in Cimahi City.


The efficacy and acceptability of an antiprogestin RU486 used in combination with the vaginal prostaglandin analogue ON0802 for termination 01 early pregnancy were assessed in 42 women with 49 day gestation. The assessment was performed under the auspices of the World Health Organnization. The results showed that the frequency of complete and incomplete abortion was 90% and 5%,respectively with a failure rate of 5%.The abortion occurred 64 h after start of therapy.The mean duration of bleeding was approximately 13 days. Thi mean time from abortion to the start of the first menstruation was 31 days. No serious complications or side effects were observed. Thus it may be concludec that the combination regimen of RU486 and prostaglandin is a safe, simple and effective method for medical termination of early pregnancy.


The report of the Committee on Snow consists of brief reports from the various members of the Committee. Comments have been summarized inasmuch as the report for 1950–1951 was a comprehensive report covering the activities in research on snow on a national and an international basis. This report is an effort to bring matters to a fairly current point as related to the previous report.


This is evident in his deeds as president and also in his writings, and hence he is a significant example of the predominant mentality of some of the Latin-American intellectual circles in the years between 1820 and 1845. The prevail-ing circumstances in Ecuador at that time forced Rocafuerte to adapt his more radical theoretical positions, although without totally renouncing his liberal and imperial vision that will become the precedent to the confrontation between the Church and the State in the second half of the 19th Century.


The fatigue phenomenon is regarded as being in a grey system.By using grey model GM(1,1)to predict fatigue life of the sample.The prediction error decreases from 57.5% to 24.2%,and the prediction result tends to be safe because the grey prediction method is adopted.This is what the traditional methods cannot do.


Vasculotoxic snake bites are well known to cause local complications like necrosis and cellulitis and systemic complications such as coagulopathy, acute renal failure (ARF), and hemolysis. We report a case of young female patient who was bitten by a viper. She developed cellulitis, sepsis, ARF, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. She was treated for the above complications and all her renal and hematological parameters returned to normal on seventh day. After this, on the same day, patient developed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome probably due to the direct toxic effect of venom on pulmonary vascular endothelium which has been reported as a late complication of snake venom. With close monitoring and proper management of complications, the patient recovered and walked out of the hospital on the twenty first day without any complications.


In ancient Mesopotamia, a triple helix water screw, invented to raise water from one level to another, was the basis of a hydraulic system of agricultural innovation that irrigated ordinary farms as well as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. i The triple helix as a physical innovation is superseded by the triple helix of social innovation. On one level triple helix is a metaphor for university, industry, and government interacting closely while each maintains its independent identity. The triple helix message is that universities, firms and governments assume some of the capabilities of the other, even as each maintains its primary role and distinct identity.


This article describes a new tunnel widening technique that allows traffic to continue to flow during construction work. The technique is being used to widen the Nazzano road tunnel in Italy from two to three lanes, with additional emergency lanes in each direction. . A steel traffic protection shell, situated above the traffic and lined with sound proofing and anti-shock materials, allows the tunnel to remain operational during construction. Primary features of the technique include using a segmental final lining to stabilize the widened tunnel that is put into place according to the "active arch principle" that becomes operational at a distance of 4m-5m from the widening face. Because of this technique, passive stabilization operations such as shotcrete and steel ribs are not needed. If necessary, ground improvement can be taken care of ahead of the widening. The article describes where the new widening technique originated, its three stages of construction, how the technique is being used at the Nazzano tunnel, and the benefits of using the technique.


For any business, one of the most important issues is to determine the volume of future sales. This work is devoted to this topic. The approach to solve it is taken by analogy with analytical mechanics: we will consider the commodity market as a dynamic system, the driving forces in which are the marketing strategies of market participants. The main result of this work is the Basic Equation of Economic Dynamics . The resulting equation will allow businesses to properly plan and manage their sales, understanding the dynamic dependence of their marketing activities and the results of these actions.


In this paper we report the results of studied nonlinear optical properties of DMABI-Ph6 in form of solutions with chloroform as solvent and guest-host thin films with poly(methyl methacrylate) as host material. We implemented the Zscan method for studies of Kerr and two-photon absorption of selected material. During experimental measurements we used 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with 30 ps pulse duration and 10 Hz repetition rate. From acquired values of Kerr coefficients we calculated values for real part of third-order susceptibility, as well as second-order hyperpolarizability. Acquired data for DMABI-Ph6 were compared with data for other ABI derivatives studied previously to describe how different donor and acceptor groups influence third-order nonlinear optical properties.


The present invention generally pertains to methods for detecting the presence or absence of a particular nucleic acid sequence. The invention relates to incorporating a detector into a target nucleic acid, adding an oligonucleotide probe, polymerase enzyme and inhibitor to the reaction, and detecting interference of the oligonucleotide probe with the inhibitor as an indication of the presence of a particular target nucleic acid sequence. A detector oligonucleotide conjugated to a fluorophore or quencher is incorporated at the 3' end of a target nucleic acid, and is annealed to an inhibitor oligonucleotide conjugated to the corresponding quencher/fluorophore such that fluorescence of the fluorophore is quenched. An oligonucleotide probe anneals to the target nucleic acid, and serves as a primer for extension by a DNA polymerase to generate a strand complementary to the target nucleic acid, which displaces the inhibitor oligonucleotide to generate fluorescence indicating the detection of the target nucleic acid.


Background: Nasal fracture is the most common mid-facial fracture. Radiology is not usually helpful while ultrasonography is superior to conventional radiology. The aim of this study is to evaluate Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for nasal bone fractures. Methods: A prospective, double-blinded, case control study was done in 184 patients with clinical manifestations of a fractured nasal bone as a study group while the same number from normal volunteers as a control group. X-ray lateral nasal view and ultrasonography examination to the nasal bones was done with analysis of the radiographic images by three expert consultants without knowledge of the subject clinical data or examination. Results: Ultrasonography sensitivity was (97.74%) and specificity was (98.52%), while X-ray sensitivity was (74.38%) and specificity was (87.79%) in diagnosis of fracture nasal bone. Conclusion: We found that ultrasonography is superior to conventional X-ray. We believe that ultrasonography can be a useful tool for the diagnosis of nasal fractures. ORIGINAL ARTICLE


The paper analyzes the use of type-casting as a strategy to define character and character relationships on the Restoration stage. Contrasting the original cast of Dryden's All for Love (1677) with that of the 1704 revival, it argues that the choice of actresses for the main female parts in each production reveals a different conception of the play. In the 1677 performance, the pairing of Elizabeth Boutell as Cleopatra with the domineering presence of Katherine Corey (Octavia) turns the adulterous mistress into an innocent heroine and places her at the moral centre of the tragedy; this move seems designed to counteract the criticism of the king's behaviour implicit in Sedley's Antony and Cleopatra, performed only a few months before. The 1704 production marks a significant shift: although Elizabeth Barry in the role of Cleopatra would create a character full of passion and pathos, the casting of Anne Bracegirdle as Octavia checks this effect, and indicates that it is the forsaken wife who is now identified as the virtuous heroine. This cast redefines the relationship between the central characters, and brings the play in line with the moral values represented by the court of Queen Anne.


Data mining and machine learning are becoming the most interesting research areas and increasingly popular in health organizations. The hidden patterns among patients data can be extracted by applying data mining. The techniques and tools of data mining are very helpful as they provide health care professionals with significant knowledge toward a decision. Researchers have shown several utilities of data mining techniques such as clustering, classification, and regression in health care domain. Particularly, clustering algorithms which help researchers discover new insights by segmenting patients and providing them with effective treatments. This paper, reviews existing methods of clustering and present an efficient K-Means clustering algorithm which uses Self Organizing Map (SOM) method to overcome the problem of finding number of centroids in traditional K-Means. The SOM based clustering is very efficient due to its unsupervised learning and topology preserving properties. Two-staged clustering algorithm uses SOM to produce the prototypes in the first stage and then use those prototypes to create clusters in the second stage. Two health care datasets are used in the proposed experiments and a cluster accuracy metric was applied to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Our analysis shows that the proposed method is accurate and shows better clustering performance along with valuable insights for each cluster. Our approach is unsupervised, scalable and can be applied to various domains.


Conflicts and wars are synonymous with humanity because of PIN; a theory propounded by conflict experts which means the Position, Interest and Needs of human beings who are dramatis personae in conflicts and war situations. Though the Security Council is vested with the onerous responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, this paper is of the view that the success attributable to the Security Council in its primary duty in other continents is satisfactory, but not in Africa where conflicts and wars are endemic. Currently, there are on-going wars Congo, South Sudan and Central African Republic while serious armed conflicts are plaguing Nigeria, Kenya and Somalia. The reasons why conflicts and wars continue to be deep-seated in Africa are internal and external. This paper argues that no amount of intervention by the Security Council would possibly end the unfortunate spiral of conflicts and wars in Africa except Africans puts their house in order to frontally address the incessant conflicts and wars with its harrowing consequences on the people of Africa.


Adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive type of leukemia, originating from T‐cells infected with human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1. Accumulating evidence suggests the aberrant activation of NF‐κB to be a causative factor mediating the abnormal proliferation of leukemic cells, thus resulting in the development of ATL. A rearranged NF‐κB2/p100 gene was isolated from an ATL‐derived cell line, which was generated by a chromosomal translocation. The isolated NF‐κB2 mutant is fused with the with no (lysine) deficient protein kinase 1 gene, coding for a 58 kDa protein that retains the DNA binding Rel homology domain, but it lacks the entire ankyrin repeat inhibitory domain, thus suggesting its constitutive activation. This rearranged NF‐κB2 gene product (p58) was localized in the nucleus, and formed a complex with NF‐κB p65 or RelB. Moreover, a T‐cell line expressing p58 increased the amount of an NF‐κB2‐inducible gene, NF‐κB2/p100 by itself. These results suggest that such NF‐κB2 gene rearrangement may therefore be a factor in the constitutive activation of NF‐κB in ATL, and thereby playing a role in the ATL pathogenesis. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 792–798)


In this supplemental material, we provide further details for the network architectures of UNet and Hyper-UNet used in Figures 4 and 6 of the paper (Section 1). Section 2 further discusses the smoothness of convolutional kernels in different models. We present a detailed comparison of UNet and Hyper-UNet for both experiments in Section 3. Furthermore, we provide some representative visualizations of the ground truth and predicted segmentations for different models, in the liver lesion and MS-lesion tasks (Section 4). Kernel Size No. Channels Params (M) 3× 3 4,8,16,32 0.04 3× 3 8,16,32,32 0.08 3× 3 8,16,32,64 0.14 3× 3 16,32,64,64 0.35 3× 3 16,32,64,128 0.54 3× 3 32,64,128,128 1.4 3× 3 32,64,128,256 2.1 5× 5 32,64,128,256 5.3 Table 2. UNet architecture details for the models that produce the results of Figure 4 and 6 in the paper. NL is the number of nodes in the last hidden layer of the Hyper-network. "No. Channels" are the number of channels used in the successive convolutional layers in the encoder (i.e., contraction half) of the network. The total number of learnable parameters for each model is listed in the right-most column. 1. UNet and Hyper-UNet Architectures The main paper text shows the Dice scores for UNet and Hyper-UNet with different numbers of parameters in Figures 4 and 6. For the UNet architecture, we change the kernel size and the number of channels to obtain models with different numbers of parameters. For Hyper-UNet, we vary NL – the number of nodes in the last hidden layer of the Hyper-network – and the number of channels. In Tables 1 and 2, we provide details of the different architectures used in the experiments. 2. Kernel Smoothness Figure 1 plots the smoothness (measured by Laplacian) of convolutional kernels in eight layers of the UNet (Orange) and Hyper-UNet (Blue). Each subfigure includes 4 models from a segmentation task. We observe that HyperUNet models have lower Laplacian values than the UNet models in both experiments. Kernels from the deeper lay1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Layer 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 La pl ac ia n Unet1 Unet2 Hyper-Unet1 Hyper-Unet2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Layer 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 La pl ac ia n Unet1 Unet2 Hyper-Unet1 Hyper-Unet2 Figure 1. Average Laplacian of convolutional kernels at different layers of 4 models (2 UNet models and 2 Hyper-UNet models of the same task) for liver lesion segmentation (left) and MS-lesion (right) The Lapalacian value for a model is the average of all the kernels in a layer, and the error bar is the standard deviation. Hyper-UNet models always have lower Laplacian values than the UNet models. ers of the Hyper-UNet models tend to be less smooth than the first layer. Beyond the first layer, we do not observe any particular trend of smoothness in the Hyper-UNet models with respect to depth. On the other hand, the baseline UNet models have smoother kernels in deeper layers, which is a pattern we found across all models and datasets.


The aim of the paper is to develop a model of the ignition system for combustion engines with spark ignition described by two-port network equations. The mathematical calculations based on generalized parameters of a two-port network were used to develop the model. This allowed for the analysis of voltages and currents on the terminals of the model (without calculating voltages and currents inside the two-port network). The results of simulations for the developed model are presented.


The invention discloses a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure, a light-emitting diode (LED) comprising the MQW structure and an LED package comprising the LED, wherein the MQW structure is arranged between a first electric-conduction type semiconductor layer and a second electric-conduction type semiconductor layer and comprises a plurality of barrier layers and a plurality of active layers isolated by the barrier layers; the energy band gaps of the active layers are smaller than those of the barrier layers and are different from one another, and moreover, the energy band gaps of the active layers gradually decreases or increases; and the energy band gaps of the barrier layers are smaller than the energy band gaps of the first electric-conduction type semiconductor layer and the second electric-conduction type semiconductor layer, so that current carriers can be more effectively prevented from escaping, the composite probability of electrons and holes is improved, and the internal quantum efficiency of the LED is further improved.


Some arrhythmias occurring in infants and children are benign and do not require therapy. Examples are sinus arrhythmia, premature ectopic beats, and some instances of parasystole. In babies two weeks to six months old, supraventricular tachycardia is the most common serious arrhythmia. Various irregularities of the heart rate are frequently seen after open heart surgery.


Responding to the challenge of more rigorous and outcome-oriented program evaluation criteria of the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), authors take a critical look at the intersection of two standards: Clinical Partnerships and Practice (Standard 2) and Program Impact (Standard 4). Illustrating one aspect of a secondary education teacher preparation program, authors consider how clinical partnerships can be designed in light of these standards to have a positive impact on P-12 student learning. Focusing on the program evaluation framework, authors describe a spectrum of diverse formative and summative growth measures that document the scope of impact for all stakeholders, including students. In light of the Feuer, Floden, Chudowsky, and Ahn (2013) questioning framework, authors assess program outcomes. In closing, the authors (a) conclude that comprehensive evaluation models are needed to document complex outcomes, which will make program impact more visible and measureable; (b) recommend using the Feuer et al. decision-making framework to initiate and guide programmatic design and evaluation model development; and (c) affirm CAEP's expectations—clinical partnerships go beyond positive relationships, coselection of mentor teachers and candidates, and commitment to diverse settings to ensuring P-12 student achievement—as attainable goals for educator preparation accreditation.


The image registration algorithm based on mutual information has long runtime and bad antinoise performance.To solve this problem,an image registration algorithm based on a novel similarity measure was proposed.Histogram divergence formula was defined and used as the similarity metric by analyzing the point set distribution of joint histogram.To speed up searching the registration parameters,all were done in the wavelet field and a hybrid algorithm based on genetic algorithm and Powell′s method was used to optimize this parameters.Experiments show that this algorithm can apply wider optimization methods and save more time and have better antinoise performance compared with the algorithm based on mutual information.


Search and rescue in Canada is the responsibility of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. However operational needs of the RCMP and geographic challenges often mean that an avalanche certified police dog and handler are not always available for immediate SAR response. In conjunction with the Federal Parks and the Canadian Avalanche Rescue Dog Association, the RCMP has developed an avalanche rescue dog validation standard. An operational search dog team must meet this standard yearly. This standard allows for close interagency cooperation both with training and operational needs. By having one National standard the quality of a search dog team can be guaranteed. Corresponding author address: Anton Horvath Kicking Horse Mountain Resort Golden, BC V0A 1H0 Canada firstname.lastname@example.com


The article deals with the first analyses of power in urban communities in different countries conducted by Delbert Miller. The author examines the special features, stages, methodology and main conclusions of the project. Analyzing at the same time the limitations of the Miller's work, the author, however, admits a powerful influence of its results on the following empirical projects.


The recommended vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for 39 binary n-alcohol–n-alkane systems have been obtained after critical evaluation of all data (490 data sets) reported in the open literature up to the middle of 2001. The evaluation procedure consisted in combining the thermodynamic consistency tests, data correlation, comparison with enthalpy of mixing data, and comparison of VLE data for various mixtures. The data were correlated with equations based on the local compositions concept as well as with the equation of state appended with a chemical term (EoSC) proposed by Goral. The recommended data are presented in the form of individual pages containing tables of data, figures, and auxiliary information. Each page corresponds to one system and contains three isotherms (spaced by at least 15 K) and one isobar (preferably at 101.32 kPa). Experimental gaps were completed with the predicted data.


Most of membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) are made by clustering sulfonate groups which part of hydrophobic portion. The portion then acts as proton conduction path by assistance of water absorbed in the membrane. In this work, the membrane is prepared based on constructing supramolecular structure by aligning sulfonate groups in sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) through formation of hydrogen bond of anhydride pendant group of polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA). The performance was evaluated with many factors, i.e. addition of addition of benzimidazole, and effect of morphology. The addition of benzimidazole have tendency to modify hydrogen interaction within the membrane. In addition, water, which facilitates proton conduction, would also give a small microstructural change in membrane. However, the membrane could maintain its performance which is indicated by its ionic conductivity.


Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org 233 therapy and survival after HIV infection (11), and between kidney function and all-cause mortality (12), with important implications for both policy and clinical practice. Both the American Delirium Society and European Delirium Association are vibrant groups with large annual meetings and would be well suited to facilitate such an initiative. Collecting and measuring a common set of important variables and standardizing the methods and reporting of delirium assessment would be a major advance. Further, creating a collaborative network would facilitate sharing of data with similar analytic approaches to allow much stronger evaluation of risk factors and lend insight into the pathophysiology and optimal clinical management of delirium. In summary, Zaal et al (6) should be applauded for their exhaustive review of risk factors for delirium. However, the authors' most important contribution may not be the methodology of their review, but rather their elucidation of the limitations in our current approach to delirium research. In doing so, the authors demonstrate the need for collaborative standardized research approaches if we are ultimately to understand the importance of risk factors for ICU delirium and prevent the complications of delirium among critically ill patients.


In this article we describe and illustrate an analytical perspective in which educational policies are viewed as designs for supporting learning. From the learning design perspective, a policy comprises 3 components that we term the what, how, and why of policy: the goals for the learning of members of the group targeted by the policy, the supports for their learning, and an often implicit rationale for why these supports might be effective. We unpack the how of policy by describing 4 types of support for learning: new positions, learning events, new organizational routines, and new tools. Based on our discussion of the rationale for each type of support we conjecture that policies that are effective in supporting consequential professional learning will involve some combination of new positions that provide expert guidance, ongoing intentional learning events in which tools are used to bridge to practice, carefully designed organizational routines carried out with a more knowledgeable other, and the use of new tools whose incorporation into practice is supported. We present an analysis of a policy that was central to an urban district's efforts to support middle school mathematics teachers' development of ambitious instructional practices. The data that we analyzed included audio-recorded interviews conducted with teachers, mathematics coaches, school leaders, and district leaders. The sample analysis illustrates that the learning design perspective is useful both when designing policies and when revising policies after implementation to make them more effective.


PURPOSE: A method for forming a home domain playing multimedia contents through device certification using a smart card and the smart card for forming the home domain are provided to enable a user to safely and conveniently form the home domain with one smart card by directly issuing a domain certificate to devices forming the home domain. CONSTITUTION: Certificate generation(570) generates the certificate for a player forming the home domain when the smart card(500) is inserted into the player. Session key generation(560) generates a session key used for a digital data transfer process of a home server and the player connected to the network when the smart card is inserted into the home server. Certification verification(580) verifies the domain certificate by receiving the domain certificate from the player when the generated session key is transferred to the player.


Many autonomous systems are safety-critical, e.g., autonomous cars, boats, or aerial vehicles. Autonomous systems rely on software and communications. Security vulnerabilities of software and communication will give adversaries possibilities to attack and compromise security and safety. Therefore, when analysing safety, security should be co-analysed. In this study, we explored three safety and security co-analysis methods: Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) plus STPA-Security Analysis (STPA-Sec), Failure Mode, Vulnerabilities and Effect Analysis (FMVEA), and Combined Harm Assessment of Safety and Security for Information Systems (CHASSIS). The purpose is to compare applicability, efficiency, and hazards identified by the different methods. An autonomous boat is used as the case study. Results of the study show that STPA plus STPA-Sec and CHASSIS can be more time consuming to use than FMVEA. However, STPA plus STPA-Sec and CHASSIS can help analysers identify more hazards of autonomous systems than FMVEA. Results of the study reveals weaknesses of each method to analyse autonomous systems with different levels of autonomy. We therefore propose possible improvements and combinations of the methods. rear-end collision with human-driven cars, due to that human drivers did not anticipate actions from the autonomous system (Teoh and Kidd, 2017). Traditionally, system safety analysis focuses on accidental component failures or software bugs. As industrial and autonomous control systems are increasingly interconnected through networks, system safety can also be compromised by security breaches. "Although of great importance, it is not sufficient to address accidental threats (hazards) of such systems—also threats of intentional origin need to be covered (Aven, 2007)." "Security functions are not meant to cope with physical hazards and failures; likewise, safety functions might not detect and respond to attacks that target the digital components of the system. We infer that safety and security are complementary and should be treated jointly to improve risk management (Kriaa et al., 2015)." Several methods have been proposed to combine safety and security analysis of industrial control systems. Some studies have empirically compared different security and safety co-analysis methods using specific systems. For example, FMVEA (Failure Mode, Vulnerabilities and Effect Analysis) and CHASSIS (Combined Harm Assessment of Safety and Security for Information Systems) were compared using an automotive cyber-physical system (Schmittner et al., 2015). The comparison focused


The metastrategy to solve discrete optimization problems is proposed and discussed. The proposed solution procedure is based on the genetic algorithm, GA, in which the idea of simulated annealing, SA is introduced effectively. The procedure has a distinctive feature that the number of generations can be reduced by introducing the idea of the variable mutation ratio in GA based on the annealing schedule of temperature is SA. Applicability is examined with the shape of the optimization problem of the truss structure subjected to three kinds of constraints on homologous displacement, the first eigenfrequency and minimum weight.


Simple Summary The welfare of research animals should be a top priority in any research program, and that includes their long-term welfare. Animals may be used in multiple experiments or used for training purposes, which may lead to cumulative suffering. To prevent this, humane endpoints need to be defined specifying limits on experiments, procedures, and time that animals are used for research. There are few resources available for deciding which criteria to use when making endpoint decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present results of a survey identifying laboratory animal professionals' attitudes and institutional strategies regarding cumulative endpoints, review regulations and tools addressing cumulative welfare in research animals and provide recommendations for how to move forward addressing this issue. While institutions may have endpoint guidelines in place, many of them only cover certain species or may be informal. There is a need for more specific guidelines that allow for the diversity of experiments using animals. Welfare assessment tools could help provide objective guidance on humane endpoints for research animals. Further research on which tools are the most efficient and comprehensive would be beneficial in improving animal welfare as well as the quality of the science using research animals. Abstract Research animals are important for scientific advancement, and therefore, their long-term welfare needs to be monitored to not only minimize suffering, but to provide positive affective states and experiences. Currently, there is limited guidance in countries around the world on cumulative and experimental endpoints. This paper aims to explore current opinions and institutional strategies regarding cumulative use and endpoints through a scoping survey and review of current regulations and welfare assessment tools, and ultimately to provide recommendations for assessment of cumulative and lifetime use of research animals. The survey found that only 36% of respondents indicated that their institution had cumulative use endpoint policies in place, but these policies may be informal and/or vary by species. Most respondents supported more specific guidelines but expressed concerns about formal policies that may limit their ability to make case-by-case decisions. The wide diversity in how research animals are used makes it difficult for specific policies to be implemented. Endpoint decisions should be made in an objective manner using standardized welfare assessment tools. Future research should focus on robust, efficient welfare assessment tools that can be used to support planning and recommendations for cumulative endpoints and lifetime use of research and teaching animals.


As the Aborigines of Tasmania called their stone
implements "tronatta," I think it advisable to use this
word in preference to all others When speaking of them.
"Tronatta" means a stone implement manufactured by
the Tasmanian Aborigines, and it does not bear on the
vexed question whether we have to consider these
amorpholitic implements as eolithes or as archaeolithes.
The tronatta
represents the typical archaeolithic stage in the evolution
of the stone implements, somewhat modified by a
considerable admixture of implements of eolithic character.
Specimens sourced from various places such as: Mona vale, Melton Mowbray, and Old Beach.


The discrete variable representation (DVR) is used to calculate vibrational energy levels of H2O and SO2. The Hamiltonian is written in terms of bond length–bond angle coordinates and their conjugate momenta. It is shown that although these coordinates are not orthogonal and the appropriate kinetic energy operator is complicated, the discrete variable representation is quite simple and facilitates the calculation of vibrational energy levels. The DVR enables one to use an internal coordinate Hamiltonian without expanding the coordinate dependence of the kinetic energy or evaluating matrix elements numerically. The accuracy of previous internal coordinate calculations is assessed.


Nowadays, computer clusters are widely used in many areas (scientific computing, commercial web servers, databases, etc). Energy management in such infrastructures is becoming increasingly important as their energy consumption is continuing to raise.
 In this paper, we report on our experiments in using an autonomic management system to provide energy aware management in a cluster. We improve energy management by dynamically resizing the active server set according to varying workload conditions. We illustrate our approach with two scenarios: the case of a dedicated cluster, and the case of a hosting center.


Coastal areas of Bangladesh are prone to be fallen in natural disaster severely. SIDR and AILA are the best examples. A large fraction of Sundarbans, particularly, have severely been devastated. The forest loses a numerous number of animals and trees. Therefore, it lingers in a great risk to loss the equilibrium between biodiversity and ecosystem. In addition to during the period of natural disasters, it saves thousands people's live to decrease the motion rate of air circulation. Sundarbans provide livelihood of its affixed people for centuries. It is a common property which contains thousands people's livelihood. From the beginning of the civilization, people used to live beside Sundarbans. They started to be dependent on it. Subsequently, people still residing Sundarbans depend completely on it. At the end of the previous century, government started to restrict people access to Sundarbans for its quick diminishing which had been assigned to be responsible for natural disasters. The clashes had been arisen where destitute women became utmost dupes. This research adopts feminist standpoint epistemology and observation methods to collect data for investigating sustainability of women's livelihood affixed Sundarbans at Kuriakhaly in Sarankhola of Bagerhat district. This research investigates the intensity of women's livelihood sustainability through DFID framework's five capitals, for instance, social, physical, natural, financial and human capitals. This research also shows the structural processes and transformations of both government and NGOS. It searches out truth through livelihood outcomes. At the end, this research recommends existing structures and processes of Government and NGOs to reformulate. The research also shows an uncomplicated way to bridge the gaps between policies implementations and real pictures.


In this paper, composite insulators of the same batch from Factory A, aged for 1–12 years in a high altitude area experimental station of Hunan province, were sampled. In order to investigate the changing law of lifespan prediction parameters with aging time, widely accepted testing methods, such as the static contact angle (CA) and hardness, were employed for composite insulators in accordance with previous research. Based on test results, lifespan prediction parameters were concluded and some parameters significantly correlated with aging time were filtered by means of correlation calculation. On this basis, a prediction method which can be used to determine the aging time of composite insulators was proposed based on a back propagation (BP) neural network. Test results indicate that parameters, including the static contact angle (θav), the relative content of Si (XSi) and O (XO) elements, and salt-fog flashover voltage (Uf), have significant correlation with aging time, and that these parameters can be used to evaluate the aging degree of composite insulators. In addition, due to the high accuracy in experimental verification, the method proposed in this paper can be used to predict the aging time of composite insulators from Factory A in high altitude areas in future research.


An essential component of agile methods such as Extreme Programming is a suite of test cases that is incrementally built and maintained throughout development. This paper presents research exploring two questions regarding testing in these agile contexts. First, is there a way to validate the quality of test case suites in a manner compatible with agile development methods? Second, is there a way to assess and monitor the costs of agile test case development and maintenance? In this paper, we present the results of our recent research on these issues. Our results include a code coverage measure called XC (for Extreme Coverage) which is implemented in a system called JBlanket. XC is designed to support validation of the test-driven design methodology used in agile development. We describe how XC and JBlanket differ from other coverage measures and tools, assess their feasibility through a case study in a classroom setting, assess its external validity on a set of open source systems, and illustrate how to incorporate XC into a more global measure of testing cost and quality called Unit Test Dynamics (UTD). We conclude with suggested research directions building upon these findings to improve agile methods and tools.


Glucosamine is a naturally occurring bioactive amino monosaccharide which is widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. It is traditionally produced by acid hydrolysis/enzym...


Most software can be seen as a set of business rules that are executed when triggered by an internal event or user input. Usually, these business rules are designed to process the input data and change the software's internal state match this event. As a consequence of such design, software usually does not have reliable means to keep memory from its past states unless specifically programmed to do so. Even when such capabilities are built into the system, they are often too detached from the system's rules to be useful or they are built only in particular points of the system selected as relevant. This article discusses Event Sourcing, a software architecture design that organizes software's classes in such a way to provide a native memory of its past states, enabling the system to even replay old computations at will. We also present a case study where this architecture is applied in the development of an ERP System. The architecture was particularly useful to the development team as it dramatically increased error traceability.


The goal of this paper is to develop a low-order model to represent the coordination of distributed energy resources based on concepts that make the internet work and is known as packetized energy management (PEM). The low-order model includes energy as a state variable together with dynamic opt-out constraints and internal packet request feedback, which in principle turns the model into a PEM virtual battery (PEM-VB) model. The paper focuses on a homogeneous aggregation of electric water heaters (EWHs) under PEM. It is shown that the bottom-up logic of the PEM-VB makes the system observable mainly due to the convenient feeding back of the number of packet requests through the communication channel established between the PEM coordinator and devices enrolled in the scheme. Without such extra information, the system loses the ability to observe the system's stored energy state. A procedure for computing the maximum and minimum energy bounds for the PEM-VB is developed. Moreover, the PEM-VB is explicitly used as the underlying model for an extended Kalman filter observer formulation with the purpose of estimating the energy stored in a simulated ensemble of agent-based EWHs under PEM. The use of PEM-VB is demonstrated in pre-positioning of flexible resources depending upon load forecasts. Finally, conclusions and future directions are provided.


Abstract This paper investigates the stability of a class of differential systems time-changed by which is the inverse of a -stable subordinator. In order to explore stability, a time-changed Gronwall's inequality and a generalized Itô formula related to both the natural time t and the time-change are developed. For different time-changed systems, corresponding stability behaviors such as exponential sample-path stability, pth moment asymptotic stability and pth moment exponential stability are investigated. Also a connection between the stability of the time-changed system and that of its corresponding non-time-changed system is revealed.


The Hawaii Alternative Fuels Utilization Program originated as a five-year grant awarded by the US Department of Energy (USDOE) to the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The overall program included research and demonstration efforts aimed at encouraging and sustaining the use of alternative (i.e., substitutes for gasoline and diesel) ground transportation fuels in Hawaii. Originally, research aimed at overcoming technical impediments to the widespread adoption of alternative fuels was an important facet of this program. Demonstration activities centered on the use of methanol-based fuels in alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). In the present phase, operations were expanded to include flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) which can operate on M85 or regular unleaded gasoline or any combination of these two fuels. Additional demonstration work was accomplished in attempting to involve other elements of Hawaii in the promotion and use of alcohol fuels for ground transportation in Hawaii.


The aim of the study is that to improving social, economic, and political opportunities for women improves societies as a whole. The study seeks to identify change agents, build constituencies for reform around key issues affecting women's status, and promote internal efforts to identify and solve problems. Our programs transfer tools, strategies, and lessons learned, foster synergies, and promote cooperation within and across borders in Iran and India. Mobilizing women has proved powerful in order to accelerate progress in the countries, through facilitating networking, coordination, and collaboration among women and women's groups. Programs involve women at all stages, thus ensuring that issues identified and strategies utilized are appropriate to the country or region's socio-cultural-political context. Programs are broad-spectrum and flexible, empowering women themselves to challenge the multiple causes and consequences of their subordination and discrimination, and are customized and targeted to specific country contexts. The study discusses the implementing innovative programs to improve women's social, economic, and political opportunities and enhance women's legal and human rights. Extensive in-country and regional networks, long-term relationships, and more than a decade of experience give the Foundation credibility, access, sources of innovation, and the necessary tools to complete pilot projects and larger scale interventions that can influence systems. Keywords: Empowerment of women, Mobilizing women, Women's rights, Iran, India.


PetroChina's West to East Natural Gas Pipeline Project (WEPP) has been under construction since October of 2001. Upon completion, construction will be completed on the following major facilities: 3,800 km of 1,016 mm mainline; 294 km of 813 mm, 508 mm, and 406 mm lateral lines; Dual fiber optic conduits with the mainline pipeline; 1,100 km of access roads; 23 metering stations; 18 pigging stations; 10 compressor stations; 16 mountain tunnels; 16 aerial crossings; 41 mainline and 18 lateral line HDDs; 1 crossing of the Yangtze River (a 4.4 m concrete lined tunnel); 3 crossings of the Yellow River (pipe jacking, tunnel and aerial methods); gas control center and SCADA system. This paper covers topics including construction management; engineering, procurement, and construction; major construction challenges; and, business in China.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


This paper focused on the delineation of boundary between farming and animal husbandry regions in China, analyzed and summarized with reference to previous studies conducted, and based on previous studies, conducted an in-depth analysis of the agricultural line by using variables including fertilizer utilization, plastic film usage, the local crop planting area, the local grain and meat output and other social variables. And at the end, used Gi* Statistic method to determine the line to separate agriculture and animal husbandry activities in China. Noteworthy, the data used for this study were based on a county wise level.


An apparatus is described which reproduces either separate or combined coning and spinning motions of a body of revolution in a wind tunnel, using a six-component strain gage balance to measure the aerodynamic forces and moments. Results of experiments with a slender cone in coning motion show that at small angles of attack the side-force and side-moment coefficients normalized by the coning rate are linear functions of the angle of attack, the slopes of which are in excellent agreement with the damping-in-pitch coefficients C^q + CW« and Cmq + Cma* This agreement, predicted by linearized theory, indicates that at small angles of attack the dynamic damping-in-pitch coefficients of a body of revolution can be measured as the steady side force and moment coefficients of the body undergoing coning motion. For larger angles of attack, where vortices appear on the leeside of the body, the normalized side force and moment coefficients become nonlinear functions of angle of attack. Photographs of the vortices reveal that they are displaced from the angle-of-attack plane by coning motion. This asymmetric displacement of the vortices persists over the entire length of the body, making them a possible source of nonlinear side moment.


Monthly relative vorticity and the relative vorticity anomaly at pressure level 850 hPa are computed to study circulation over Southeast Asia associated with the rainfall over Thailand. Monthly mean rainfall is averaged during the years 1979 to 2013 over Thailand to study the trends of rainfall and to analyze the difference between the SSTA in a dry year (1992) and a wet year (1999), and the precipitation anomaly. Rotation of the relative vorticity over Thailand during the rainy season in 1999 is supported by the westerly wind from the Indian Ocean. Relative vorticity over Thailand in October to December are brought by the wind from the east toward the west of the South China Sea. The positive value of relative vorticity in 1992 is less than in 1999. This is consistent with the precipitation anomalies in 1992 and 1999. Clearly, the rainfall and precipitation anomaly over Thailand in wet year 1992 and dry year 1999 are consistent with the relative vorticity at pressure level 850 hPa. Both years are also associated with the SSTA. It can be concluded that the large amounts of rainfall over Thailand are associated with the positive values of relative vorticity at pressure level 850 hPa and SSTA over Southeast Asia. The daily relative vorticity at pressure level 850 hPa and SSTA over Southeast Asia during Typhoon Linda is analyzed in the research. The positive value of relative vorticity is consistent with circulation during Typhoon Linda which is brought by winds from the South China Sea, and the SSTA is also unusual over the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. These are the causes of violent storms in Thailand during Typhoon Linda.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-69349-8388?filename=RELATIVE VORTICITY AT THE.pdf


. 1939. The structure and development of the apical meristem in the shoots of Taxodium distichum. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 431-452. DAVIDSON, J. N., AND C. WAYMOUTH. 1944. Histochemical demonstration of ribonucleic acid in mammalian liver. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 62: 96-98. FE.T, E. P. 1940. Plant galls and gall makers. Comstock. Ithaca. FOCKEu, H. 1889. Contributioni a l'histoire des galles etude anatomique de quelques especes. Imprimerie et Librairie Camille Robbe. Lille. FosTER, A. S. 1936. Leaf differentiation in angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 2:349-372. GATES, R. R. 1942. Nucleoli and related nuclear structures. Bot. Rev. 8:337-409. HILLARY, B. B. 1939. Use of the Feulgen reaction in cytology. 1. Effect of fixatives on the reaction. Bot. Gaz. 101:276-300. HOUARD, C. 1903. Recherches anatomiques sur les galles de tiges: Pleurocecidies. Bull. Sci., de la France et de la Belgique 38: 140-419. KENDALL, J. 1930. The structure and development of certain Eriophyid galls. Zeitschr. fur Parasitenkunde 2 Band, 4 Heft: 477-501. KIEFFER, J. J. 1897-1901. Monographie des Cynipides d'Europe et d'Algerie. Tome Premier. Paris. KOSTOFF, D., AND J. KENDALL. 1929. Studies in the structure and development of certain Cynipid galls. Biol. Bull. 56: 402-459. LEE, A. B. 1937. The microtomist's vade-mecum. Edited by J. B. Gatenby and T. S. Painter. 10th edition. Blakiston. Philadelphia. PAINTER, T. S. 1943. Cell growth and nucleic acids in the pollen of Rhoeo discolor. Bot. Gaz. 105: 58-68. 1945. Nuclear phenomena associated with secretion in certain gland cells with especial reference to the origin of cytoplasmic nucleic acid. Jour. Exp. Zool. 100: 523-547. , AND A. N. TAYLOR. 1942. Nucleic acid storage in the toad's egg. Proc. National Acad. Sci. (U. S.) 28: 311-317. RUTLAND, M. L. 1941. The Merton catalogue. List of chromosome numbers of British plants. Supplement no. 1. New Phytol. 40: 210-214. SCHIIEPP, 0. 1926. Meristeme. Linsbauer's Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie IV. Berlin. SHIVELY, A. W. 1939. The production of galls in species of Lactuca by the genus Aulacidea (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with special reference to the anatomy of the galls. Manuscript dissertation, University of Virginia. SINNOrr, E. W., AND R. BLOCII. 1946. Comparative differentiation in the air roots of Monstera deliciosa. Amer. Jour. Bot. 33: 587-590. STOWELL, R. E. 1945. Feulgen reaction for thymonucleic acid. Stain Tech. 20: 45-58. SUGIURA, T. 1940. Studies on the chromosome numbers in higher plants. IV. Cytologia 10: 324-333. WELLS, B. W. 1920. Early stages in the development of certain Pachypsylla galls on Celtis. Amer. Jour. Bot. 7: 275-284. WIiTE, M. J. D. 1942. The chromosomes. 2nd edition. Methuen and Company. London. YARBROUGII, J. A. 1934. History of leaf development in Bryophyllum calycinuzm. Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 467484.


Nest-site selection by the solitary ground-nesting wasp Ammophila dysmica Menke was studied during 1982-1986 in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains. Digging females detected and discriminated among members of a complex of insect intruders, including a number of predators and parasites. In response to some natural enemies, wasps sometimes permanently abandoned nests under construction. These selective nest abandonments reduced the mean number of cleptoparasitic chrysidid wasps, Argochrysis arrnilla Bohart, attending the excavation of completed nests. The number of A. armilla attending a nest excavation correlated positively with the probability of nest parasitism by this species. Selective nest abandonment may reduce parasitism rates.


below. Miller et al1 found that ultrasound was as specific but not as sensitive as magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating epicondylitis in 11 patients with a mean age of 46 years. However, epicondylitis is considerably different from pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures. Changes in tendons are of concern for cases of epicondylitis, but cartilage integrity is of concern for pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures. Currently, it is not conclusive whether ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging is more reliable in diagnosing pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures. Our team is studying this issue, and the relevant research results will be published in the near future. We hope that Dr Sunny Chaudhary will read our future publication if he is interested in this issue. We would like to highlight that the significant differences between the kappa values were usually present when the upper and lower boundaries of the 95% confidence interval did not overlap.2 In this study, the level of interobserver reliability was moderate, with no significant difference between the two rounds of treatments. Moreover, due to the lack of a unified standard for determining the need for additional examinations, the kappa value fluctuated significantly in the 2 rounds of evaluation. Intraobserver reliability refers to the agreement between the measures determined by the same observer in 2 rounds of evaluation. The observers received additional training on ultrasound image interpretation but not on x-ray image interpretation between the 2 rounds of evaluation. Therefore, the intraobserver reliability based on the x-ray images may be higher than that based on both the x-ray images combined with ultrasound images. We did not find the "3 values in x-ray group and 4 values in x ray+ US group" mentioned by the Dr Sunny Chaudhary in table 4. We suppose that Dr Sunny Chaudhary may be referring to table 3. Some measures of intraobserver reliability were not assessed by statistical tests because some of the data we collected were continuous. It is a good suggestion to separately calculate the proportion of treatment plan changes from the original plans for surgical treatment and conservative treatment. This may be another way to illustrate the changes in the treatment plans after the addition of ultrasound images. The discussion section of the paper clearly states, "A total of 57% of treatment plans were changed to not requiring further examination after the addition of ultrasound images in the second round of evaluation." Obviously, the main conclusion of the study is that the number of cases that changed to not requiring further examination (57%) was significantly larger than the number of cases that changed to requiring further examination (4%) after with addition of ultrasound images in the second round of evaluation, rather than comparing the data from the first round of evaluation. Currently, ultrasonography is a useful technique that has been used to assist the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures in our institution, and we will continue to share our experience in using ultrasound for assessing pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures in the future.


Optical scatterometry is crucial to advanced nodes due to its ability of non-destructively and rapidly retrieving accurate 3D profile information.1, 2, 3 In recent years, an angle-resolved polarized reflectometry-based scatterometry which can measure critical dimensions, overlay, and focus in single shot has been developed.4, 6, 20 In principle, a microscope objective collects diffracted light, and pupil images are collected by a detector. For its application of calibrating lithography models, the pupil images are fit to a database pre-characterized usually by rigorous electromagnetic simulation to estimate dimensional parameters of developed resist profiles.5 The estimated dimensional parameters can then be used for lithography model calibration. In this work, we propose a new method which directly utilizes the pupil images to calibrate lithography models without needing dimensional parameter estimation. To test its feasibility and effectiveness by numerical simulation, a reference lithography process model is first constructed with a set of parameter values complying with ITRS. A to-be-calibrated process model is initialized with a different set of parameter values from those of the reference model. Rigorous electromagnetic simulation is used to obtain the pupil images of the developed resist profiles predicted by both process models. An optimization algorithm iteratively reduces the difference between the pupil images by adjusting the set of parameter values of the to-be-calibrated process model until the pupil image difference satisfies a predefined converging criterion. This method can be used to calibrate both rigorous first-principle models for process and equipment development and monitoring, and fast kernel-based models for full-chip proximity effect simulation and correction. Preliminary studies with both 1D and 2D aperiodic and periodic layouts indicate that when the pupil image difference is minimized, the lithography model can be accurately calibrated.


Wine consumption has been an integral part of Western civilisation for millennia. Its role in society goes beyond mere consumption as an end in itself. So what do people do when they consume wine? This article utilises Holt's taxonomy of consumption to address this question. It considers wine consumption as an experience, as a process of classification, as a means of social interaction (integration) and as a vehicle for play. The behaviours discussed include celebratory and humorous aspects of consumption. It also applies Holt's taxonomy to the varying circumstances of the wine consumer and tasting practices.


The faceting of a tube-like tilt grain boundary (GB) in Cu bicrystals has been studied in the temperature interval from 0.5 to 0.95 of the melting temperature Tm (Tm = 1356 K). The grains of the bicrystals form the coincidence site lattice (CSL) with inverse density of coincidence sites R = 3 and R = 9. No rounded edges between facets were observed up to 0.95Tm. With decreasing temperature new facets of increasingly higher CSL indices appear. At 0.5Tm six crystallographically different R = 3 facets exist simultaneously. The appearance of high-index CSL facets can be explained by the roughening phase transition of a Kosterlitz–Thouless type. The ratio of GB energy rGB and surface energy rsur of the specimen was measured by applying atomic force microscopy to the profile of the GB thermal groove formed upon additional annealing. The Wulff–Herring diagrams were constructed using measured rGB/rsur values. 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a visual detection approach to predict the poses of target objects placed in arbitrary positions before completing the corresponding tasks in mobile robotic manufacturing systems.Design/methodology/approachA hybrid visual detection approach that combines monocular vision and laser ranging is proposed based on an eye-in-hand vision system. The laser displacement sensor is adopted to achieve normal alignment for an arbitrary plane and obtain depth information. The monocular camera measures the two-dimensional image information. In addition, a robot hand-eye relationship calibration method is presented in this paper.FindingsFirst, a hybrid visual detection approach for mobile robotic manufacturing systems is proposed. This detection approach is based on an eye-in-hand vision system consisting of one monocular camera and three laser displacement sensors and it can achieve normal alignment for an arbitrary plane and spatial positioning of the workpiece. Second, based on this vision system, a robot hand-eye relationship calibration method is presented and it was successfully applied to a mobile robotic manufacturing system designed by the authors' team. As a result, the relationship between the workpiece coordinate system and the end-effector coordinate system could be established accurately.Practical implicationsThis approach can quickly and accurately establish the relationship between the coordinate system of the workpiece and that of the end-effector. The normal alignment accuracy of the hand-eye vision system was less than 0.5° and the spatial positioning accuracy could reach 0.5 mm.Originality/valueThis approach can achieve normal alignment for arbitrary planes and spatial positioning of the workpiece and it can quickly establish the pose relationship between the workpiece and end-effector coordinate systems. Moreover, the proposed approach can significantly improve the work efficiency, flexibility and intelligence of mobile robotic manufacturing systems.


La Loge de Juste is the earliest mixed masonic lodge?i.e. a lodge for men and women?for which any clear records exist. The new Grand Lodge resolved that the official starting date for Dutch Grand-Lodge freemasonry was to be 26 December 1756 and that all that had passed before would be seen as null and void. The Hague was where the extensive diplomatic corps lived. It is important to remember that an Almanach containing a list of important dates and events is usually prepared and published before the year begins. It seems probable that La Loge de Juste had a very short life, measured in months rather than years. The lodge members are specially congratulated for being constituted by the Grand Master himself, an honour which is without precedent!.Keywords: Almanach; Dutch Grand-Lodge; freemasonry; Grand Master; Hague; La Loge de Juste


Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) is regarded as a popular
encapsulation tunnel technology. When a node tries to encapsulate the
user traffic in GRE, it needs the IP address of the destination node
which decapsulates the GRE packets. In practice, the GRE tunnel
destination IP addresses are mainly configured manually. This
configuration mechanism causes efficiency issues for operators. This
document proposes an approach to configure the GRE information
dynamically.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition, usually affecting females three times more than the males. The peak age of onset is in the childbearing age-group i.e., 19–44 years. Females with RA face difficulties at the time of conception, during pregnancy, and in the lactation period. Certain drugs used for the management of RA have deleterious effects on pregnancy outcomes. Thus, it is increasingly becoming a topic of concern as well as discussion for healthcare providers and medical professionals to guide the affected females in planning for pregnancy, safer pharmacotherapies, and to overcome the phobia related with their disease effects.


The aim of the article is to introduce the corpus of Chinese literary texts and to describe the process and design principles behind the corpus construction. The authors provide information regarding the reasoning behind the chosen structure and annotation of the corpus, and further discuss possibilities the corpus opens for linguistic research and language learning. The article provides several examples of how the corpus can be used at various levels of language research.


TPS4144 Background: The majority of patients (pts) with gastroesophageal cancer present with inoperable or metastatic disease and there is a strong need for efficient and tolerable first-line (1L) treatment. Oxaliplatin-based regimens like FOLFOX have become one standard of care. However, median survival is still below 12 months. Results from trials using nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment of subjects with advanced/metastatic GC and GEJ cancers demonstrated clinical activity, in pts whose tumors did or did not express PD-L1; in addition, nivolumab alone and in combination with ipilimumab demonstrated clinical benefits in various other tumor types. Based on this clinical experience, the AIO-STO-0417 trial (Moonlight) has been designed to evaluate the combination of chemotherapy with two checkpoint inhibitors in first-line therapy of pts with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, investigator-initiated phase II trial. Pts with Her2-negative, inoperable, advanced or metastatic gastric or esophagogastric junction cancer will be randomized 1:1 to 1L treatment with FOLFOX (Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m²; Leucovorin 400 mg/m²; 5FU 400 mg/m² on d1 of each treatment cycle and 5FU 1200 mg/m² continuous infusion over 24 hrs d1 and d2) every 2 weeks plus Nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks and Ipilimumab 1mg/kg every 6 weeks (Arm A) or FOLFOX alone (Arm B). Primary endpoint of the trial is progression-free survival based on the ITT population. Main secondary endpoints are overall survival, objective response rate, Safety and Quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30). 118 pts (59 per arm) will be enrolled to provide 80% power for detecting an average HR of 0.68 using the log rank test at a one-sided type I error of 10%. At the date of submission, (Feb 2019), 28 of planned 118 pts are randomized. Clinical trial information: NCT03647969.


The search for complete graph invariants is an important problem in graph theory and computer science. Two networks with a different structure can be distinguished from each other by complete graph invariants. In order to find a complete graph invariant, we introduce the generalized permanental polynomials of graphs. Let G be a graph with adjacency matrix A ( G ) and degree matrix D ( G ) . The generalized permanental polynomial of G is defined by P G ( x , μ ) = per ( x I − ( A ( G ) − μ D ( G ) ) ) . In this paper, we compute the generalized permanental polynomials for all graphs on at most 10 vertices, and we count the numbers of such graphs for which there is another graph with the same generalized permanental polynomial. The present data show that the generalized permanental polynomial is quite efficient for distinguishing graphs. Furthermore, we can write P G ( x , μ ) in the coefficient form ∑ i = 0 n c μ i ( G ) x n − i and obtain the combinatorial expressions for the first five coefficients c μ i ( G ) ( i = 0 , 1 , ⋯ , 4 ) of P G ( x , μ ) .


The increasing world production of steel, shown by means of indicators, gains relevance due to the high CO2 emissions during its manufacturing process. It stands out that this is an item sensitive to the sustainability of the planet. Brazil, a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, has made environmental commitments to reducing greenhouse gases. In this sense, this article aims to compare CO2 emissions from the national steel industry with a standard of international excellence. The present research is positioned as qualitative, supported by documental research of reports issued by the Steel Institute Brazil and the company Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metals Corporation. The data obtained in this 1 Fundação Instituto de Administração. 2 Universidade Tecnológica Nacional -Argentina, Centro Educacional FMU. 3 Centro Educacional FMU, Universidade de São Caetano do Sul, Universidade Paulista. 4 Centro Educacional FMU, Rede Internacional de Educação Laureate


Switching operating generates very fast transient over voltages(VFTOs) in gas insulated substations (GIS) and it is very dangerous to transformers and causes the damage to insulation because of its short rise time, in some cases its magnitude may be very close the basic insulation level (BIL),Mitigation and analysis of very fast transient over voltages (VFTOs) of power transformer is very important in gas insulated substations (GIS) as very fast transient over voltages causes' damage to the insulation of the power devices like transformer. In this research work power transformer is considered as it plays major role in the electrical substation. Initially a power transformer rating of 500MVA in 765kV/400kV gas insulated substation with the load of 3 X 500MW capacity has been considered and the simulation model is developed using Mat Lab platform on the basis of very fast transient (VFT). The very fast transient over voltages (VFTOs) generated due to circuit breaker (CB) operation has been evaluated at transformer, open end and circuit breaker (CB) and in the next sate of this research work, mitigation methods like RC filter and Ferrite ring have been employed and then the effect the proposed damping methods on peak magnitude of very fast transient over voltages (VFTOs) [5, 4, 11] has been evaluated. In the further stage, the effect of terminal components on peak of VFTOs has been estimated for two time constants 1ns. The outcome of the proposed techniques again is explored to wavelet transform (Db4) for extraction of high frequency signals. As wavelet transform is a powerful tool for analysis very fast transient signals. The results shows that peak value of VFTOs can be reduced to considerable level by employing the proposed damping methods and it has proved that the terminal components of gas Insulated substation (GIS) also influences the peak magnitudes of VFTOs.


Double‐barrier Nb/Al2O3/Al/Al2O3/Nb tunnel junctions are used as mixing elements in a 345 GHz waveguide mixer. Noise temperatures (double side band) down to 720 K at 3.0 K are obtained without the need to apply a magnetic field to suppress the Josephson current. It is shown that the composite barrier acts as a single barrier for photon‐assisted tunneling. Surprisingly, at these frequencies the capacitance of two stacked tunnel barriers is only determined by one barrier.


BACKGROUND
Historically, nursing curricula have not offered opportunities for students to develop hands-on political competence. A public health policy simulation can improve students' ability to be change agents for health policy through advocacy.

METHOD
The public health policy simulation was a combination of didactic preparation and hands-on application of advocacy training. At the simulation, held at the State Capitol, students visited legislators, gave an oral testimony before a mock hearing committee, and received feedback from legislators.

RESULTS
In general, students expressed being more knowledgeable and confident about the legislative process, advocacy for public health issues, communication with legislators, and the role of nursing in the public health policy arena. Students reported increased likelihood of advocacy for public health issues.

CONCLUSION
Public health policy simulation should be part of nursing curricula to help to create a culture that dictates that public health policy is an integral component of the nursing profession. [J Nurs Educ. 2019;58(3):178-181.].


During seven campaigns, carried out from 2003 until spring 2006, the investigations of the German Archaeological Institute Cairo and the University of Poitiers project at Buto (Tell el-Fara'in) were continued by systematic surveys, excavations and studies on the material from previous seasons. The survey combines auger drillings and geophysical measurements. While the latter method enables the compilation of a map of archaeological structures not visible on the surface, drillings provide information on the thickness and extent of cultural layers deep below the surface in a simple and effective way. So far, about 100 drillings were carried out by means of a simple hand set, of which the deepest was ca. 14 m. The material which comes to light does not only allow observations of the nature of penetrated layers but contains enough pottery fragments for dating purposes. As far as possible, each drilling is continued until it hits bed-rock, i.e. the yellow sand of the underlying gezira. Due to their systematic arrangement in a grid of 40 x 80 m, orientated north-south, it is possible to illustrate the results of the drillings in a sequence of east-west or north-south sections through the whole Kom.