Many companies have looked to outsourcing Information Technology infrastructure and business processes as a means to save capital and streamline company business and assets. While companies initially approach outsourcing engagements concentrating on the migration of data and services to the vendor company, they rarely take into account potential issues that could possibly cause an outsourcing engagement to fail. Failure to address these potential issues within the contract can lead a business to be stuck in an outsourcing engagement that offers little to no benefit to the company. This project presents the details of a survey performed at a business that recently undertook an outsourcing engagement. The findings from the survey detail certain areas of an outsourcing engagement that should be taken into consideration when a business begins the initial stages of contract negotiations. The overall results of this project are intended to make companies aware of any potential problems that could arise and how to address them to make the outsourcing engagement successful. OUTSOURCING: THE END OF THE CONTRACT iii


What do the terms "profession, professional, professionalism" mean in 2002? One dictionary defines profession as "a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation," and it defines professionalism as "the conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or make a profession or professional person." These definitions are appealingly simple. Complexity arises when we add the term "medical" as in the medical profession, a medical professional, or medical professionalism; and, here a specific understanding of "the conduct, aims, and qualities that characterize" the field of medicine is required. To complicate matters, professionalism applies to both the profession as a whole as well as the individual professional persons, such as the physicians.


K-medoids clustering uses distance measurement to find and classify data that have similarities and inequalities. The distance measurement method selection can affect the clustering performance for a dataset. Several studies use the Euclidean and Gower distance as measurement methods in numerical data clustering. This study aims to compare the performance of the kmedoids clustering on a numerical dataset using the Euclidean and Gower distance. This study used seven numerical datasets and Silhouette, Dunn, and Connectivity indexes in the clustering evaluation. The Euclidean distance is superior in two values of Silhouette and Connectivity indexes so that Euclidean has a good data grouping structure, while the Gower is superior in Dunn index showing that the Gower has better cluster separation compared to Euclidean. This study shows that the Euclidean distance is superior to the Gower in applying the k-medoids algorithm with a numeric dataset.


The Need and the Opportunity Codes such as ASHRAE 90.2 and IECC, and programs such as Energy Star and Builders Challenge, are causing new homes to be built to higher performance standards. As a result sensible cooling loads in new homes are going down, but indoor air quality prerogatives are causing ventilation rates and moisture loads to increase in humid climates. Conventional air conditioners are unable to provide the low sensible heat ratios that are needed to efficiently cool and dehumidify homes since dehumidification potential is strongly correlated with cooling system operating hours. The project team saw an opportunity to develop a system that is at least as effective as a conventional air conditioner plus dehumidifier, removes moisture without increasing the sensible load, reduces equipment cost by integrating components, and simplifies installation. Project Overview Prime contractor Davis Energy Group led a team in developing an Integrated Heating, Ventilation, Cooling, and Dehumidification (I-HVCD) system under the DOE SBIR program. Phase I and II SBIR project activities ran from July 2003 through December 2007. Tasks included: (1) Mechanical Design and Prototyping; (2) Controls Development; (3) Laboratory and Field Testing; and (4) Commercialization Activities Technology Description. Key components of the prototype I-HVCD system more » include an evaporator coil assembly, return and outdoor air damper, and controls. These are used in conjunction with conventional components that include a variable speed air handler or furnace, and a two-stage condensing unit. I-HVCD controls enable the system to operate in three distinct cooling modes to respond to indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) levels. When sensible cooling loads are high, the system operates similar to a conventional system but varies supply airflow in response to indoor RH. In the second mode airflow is further reduced, and the reheat coil adds heat to the supply air. In the third mode, the reheat coil adds additional heat to maintain the supply air temperature close to the return air temperature (100% latent cooling). Project Outcomes Key Phase II objectives were to develop a pre-production version of the system and to demonstrate its performance in an actual house. The system was first tested in the laboratory and subsequently underwent field-testing at a new house in Gainesville, Florida. Field testing began in 2006 with monitoring of a 'conventional best practices' system that included a two stage air conditioner and Energy Star dehumidifier. In September 2007, the I-HVCD components were installed for testing. Both systems maintained uniform indoor temperatures, but indoor RH control was considerably better with the I-HVCD system. The daily variation from average indoor humidity conditions was less than 2% for the I-HVCD vs. 5-7% for the base case system. Data showed that the energy use of the two systems was comparable. Preliminary installed cost estimates suggest that production costs for the current I-HVCD integrated design would likely be lower than for competing systems that include a high efficiency air conditioner, dehumidifier, and fresh air ventilation system. Project Benefits This project verified that the I-HVCD refrigeration compacts are compact (for easy installation and retrofit) and can be installed with air conditioning equipment from a variety of manufacturers. Project results confirmed that the system can provide precise indoor temperature and RH control under a variety of climate conditions. The I-HVCD integrated approach offers numerous benefits including integrated control, easier installation, and reduced equipment maintenance needs. Work completed under this project represents a significant step towards product commercialization. Improved indoor RH control and fresh air ventilation are system attributes that will become increasingly important in the years ahead as building envelopes improve and sensible cooling loads continue to fall. Technologies like I-HVCD will be instrumental in meeting goals set by Building America and other programs to reduce energy use while improving the indoor environment. Next Steps The following steps are needed to bring the product to commercialization: (1) Value engineering to reduce costs; (2) Addition of zoning capability to improve marketability; (3) Fabrication and testing of additional prototypes; and (4) Identification of a manufacturer. Initial efforts to interest large air conditioner manufacturers has shown some interest, but the preferred path to market may be to employ a boutique manufacturer that markets to HVAC contractors. Distribution of the results of this work will improve opportunities for attracting manufacturers. Additional funding is needed to prepare the product for this final step. « less


Summary Venereal diseases arebecoming a majorhealth problem inmanydeveloping countries wherethe greater part ofprimary medical careisundertaken bymedical auxiliaries. Underthese circumstances, themedical auxiliary hasanimportant role toplay inthecontrol ofthese diseases buthecanonlydo this withadequate training, support, andsupervision fromtheprofessional doctors andspecialists. Inthis paper, theroleofthemedical auxiliary is outlined andacaseisalsomadeforaspeciallytrained cadreforvenereal disease workinbusy urbanclinics indeveloping countries.


With underground space era coming,it has become the research hotspot to seek for scientific planning,design,management methods and means of underground engineering.Based on 3D GIS,breaking through the traditional method,this study developed a set of editing,query and analysis,3D roam and display in one of digital information system about the underground engineering.In this study,3D visualization and spatial analysis are achieved in the underground space by 2D and 3D integration technology.It improved the condition that underground engineering information system less involved 3D information on the ground in the past,and completed uniform information integration above and below ground.And we also developed the underground structure calculation and analysis module,to achieve a tunnel,excavation reinforcement design,stability analysis and other functions,and can output standard design drawings.The research results can effectively assist the plan,development and utilization of underground space.The experience of systems development can also provide a reference for other similar software development.


Competitiveness in the Globalization Era oblige a free trade. The critical about global economy and competitiveness revive companies the importance of Supply Chain Management. PT. XYZ as a multinational company, produces Crude Palm Oil (CPO), realize the importance of Supply Chain Management to improve its performances. Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) 10.0 is used in this research to analyze the supply chain performances by approaching subjectively and objectively. The improvement to escalate the supply chain performances in PT. XYZ is using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the supplier's selection. This research concludes the improvement should be done in upstream which the winner of supplier's selection in PT. XYZ are : (1) PT. Madu Lingga Raharja Gresik by 0, 38 for Bleaching Earth; (2) PT. Firmenich Indonesia by 0, 53 for Phosphoric Acid; (3) PT. Allied Biotech Corporation by 0, 38 for Ingredients; (4) PT. Asia Plastik Surabaya by 0, 42 for Packaging. The improvement happened by analyzing the dominant attribute of supply chain performance in a SCORcard which the following performances are : (1) Upside Supply Chain Flexibility by 13,7%, (2) Upside Supply Chain Adaptability by 11,8%, (3) Downside Supply Chain Adaptability by 11,8%, (4) Cost of Goods Sold by 16,48%, (5) Order Fulfillment Cycle Time by 47,8%, dan (6) Cash to Cash Cycle Time by 51,3%. By applying the supply chain management in upstream, it could improve the supply chain performances on a flexibility and managerial considering.


The role of woman is significant in the human world from the ancient time not only as a human being but also as an inseparable entity to take the mankind ahead with the time. The woman represents the symbol of nurture. She contributes to make progress in the family, society as well as country through her active participation same as the male counterpart. But woman is suppressed into lower status compared to the male power and position in the society intentionally, even after her great contribution in reality. The evidence can be found in the portrayal of woman in the literatures from the different cultures. How does the patriarchal society suppress the woman? How is the patriarchal ideology dominating the grand-narrative as well as molding the notion of woman's psychology? In what ways, the voice of woman is controlled and represented with manipulative hegemony in unconstructive words? How is the woman fighting against the psychic violence to construct her self? Anita Desai's Fire on the Mountain and Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eyes echo those thought provoking questions with ravenous eyes to discover the real female subject. Both writers exhibit the woman's situation, emotion and realization which are scrutinized to observe the universality of female psyche. Stamford Journal of English; Volume 6; Page 230-248 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v6i0.13916


In a constantly changing society, organizations must adapt and be open to change. Reactivity, variety, costs, deadlines, innovation, increase their competitiveness, increase their flexibility and improve their performance. The approach by resources and capacities is a framework for analyzing competitive advantage. However, the contributions of this approach to the problem of reverse logistics are multiple. The main ambition of this article is therefore to provide a summary of the conceptual contributions. This literature review will allow analysis of the main relationships between resources, capacities and knowledge management and how these approaches can influence the competitiveness of the company, a discussion on the research perspective are presented and conceptual models are proposed.


A new ruthenium on carbon-catalysed carbon–carbon (C–C) cleavage reaction of aryl alkyl ketone derivatives in water in the presence of CaO under atmospheric oxygen conditions has been developed. Corresponding benzoic acid derivatives were produced from various aryl alkyl ketones in excellent yields. CaO acts as an adsorbent of CO and CO2 to maintain a sufficient concentration of oxygen around the catalyst required for effective progress of the reaction. It was also revealed that aliphatic aldehydes were generated from the alkyl moiety of aryl alkyl ketones over the course of the reaction. The aliphatic aldehyde derivatives undergo either an oxidation to the corresponding aliphatic carboxylic acids or a further continuous C-C cleavage reaction to form aliphatic aldehydes with loss of one carbon along with the formation of CO and CO2.


Two maize cultivars were grown in fields under 2 growth condition regimes of plant density by fertilization,and images of whole ear sides and their axial sections were acquired at 7 days intervals throughout kernel filling stages.From these images,ear volumes and bulk volumes of whole ear kernels were extracted using image analysis.Ears were hand shelled and both ears and kernels weighted.Dimension analysis was applied to define growth relevant variables of ears and kernels,and to feature quantitative relations among geometric and gravitic and dynamic traits: weight(W),density(D),volume(V) and relative growth rate(R) for ears(E) and whole ear kernels(K).After silking,ear mass density(ED,similarly hereinafter) ranged from 0.072 to 0.56 g/cm3,and KD from 0.061 to 0.63 g/cm3.They both followed a time function in the form y=a+b×cos(ct+d).None of ED,KD,EWR,EVR and KVR differed between 2 regimes,further,neither of EVR and KVR varied with culitvars.ED,KD,EWR,EVR and KVR post-anthesis until maturity averaged as 0.273 g/cm3,0.285 g/cm3,0.10,0.11,0.076 and 0.076.WR is a function of VR as the form of y=ax/(b+x) in respect to the same organs studied.Dimension analysis is helpful in understanding growth dynamics of post-anthesis ears and their kernels in maize.


Long time molecular dynamics simulations of one-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems reveal that while the diffusion coefficient of a tagged particle indeed goes to zero in the very long time, the mean-square displacement is linear with time at short to intermediate times, allowing the definition of a short time diffusion coefficient [Lebowitz and Percus, Phys. Rev. 155, 122 (1967)]. The particle trajectories show intermittent displacements, surprisingly similar to the recent experimental results [Wei et al., Science 287, 625 (2000)]. A self-consistent mode coupling theory is presented which can partly explain the rich dynamical behavior of the velocity correlation function and also of the frequency dependent friction. The simulations show a strong dependence of the velocity correlation function on the size of the system, quite unique to one dimensional interacting systems. Inclusion of background noise leads to a dramatic change in the profile of the velocity time correlation function, in agreement with the predictions of Percus [Phys. Rev. A 9, 557 (1974)].


In this talk we open the Ageing well Public Talk Series for 2021/22. We introduce the Five Pillars for Ageing Well and discuss the content of the Series.


During the decade of the 'Aesthetic Fifties', architecture and home furnishings, as a reaction to the war years, began to have softer lines than in previous decades. This was expressed in curvilinear geometry with rounded triangles, paraboloids and hyperboloids, pebble shapes with natural polishings, and egg shapes. The use of primary colours again became fashionable: reds, blues and yellows, white ańd black. This style was strangely uniform throughout Western Europe: one cannot readily identify an object, if unsigned, as a product from Italy, France, Denmark or Germany, or even the U.S. or India.


Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. Apparently, the emerging fascination for imported brands impels distributers to leave enough space to shelf more "made in China" brands in their showrooms. The substantial increase in consumers' demand for imported goods with considerable attraction for "made in China" products inspired this study to explore the demand state for various types of Chinese products in the Indian regional markets. Divided into two stages, at first, with a primary survey, the study explores the consumers' perception towards selected five vastly available consumer durables such as electrical appliances, handicrafts, stationeries, toys and builds wares. Later, the demand matrix developed from the primary data defines the types of demand prevailing for each category of "made in China" products based on their popularity and consumption in Kerala markets.


The thermoelectric (TE) performance of electrically conductive thermoplastic composites prepared by melt mixing was investigated. A cost effective widely used in industry polymer, namely polypropylene (PP), was chosen as the matrix to fabricate the composites. Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), the amount (2 wt%) of which was selected to be above the electrical percolation threshold (< 0.2 wt%), were used to form an electrical conducting network. Besides as-produced SWCNTs plasma modified tubes were employed to study the influence of the functionalization on the morphology, dispersion and TE properties of the PP composites. In addition, melt processing conditions, e.g. temperature, rotation speed, and time during mixing in a small-scale compounder were varied. Furthermore, an ionic liquid (IL, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) was used as a processing additive during melt mixing, which was confirmed to improve the electrical conductivity of the composites. Simultaneous increase in the Se...


A technique, developed for the objective histological evaluation of the corpus luteum of the sheep, was applied to normal cyclic and pregnant ewes as well as to ewes subjected to various experimental treatments. Gross histological regression of the corpus luteum progressed rapidly between days 15 and 17 of the estrous cycle. Similar regressive changes did not occur in pregnant ewes; up to day 40, the oldest stage studied, corpora lutea of early pregnancy were similar in appearance to those of mid-cycle.

Stresses such as high environmental temperature and acute undernutrition, which may lead to embryo mortality, had no significant effect on corpus luteum histology. Exogenous progesterone slightly depressed the size and weight of the corpus luteum but was without significant effect on its histology. Exogenous cortisol, and more particularly corticotropin, were sometimes associated with marked histological regression of the corpus luteum, although in ewes treated with these hormones there was no significant reduction in embryo survival at the time of autopsy.

The observations do not support the suggestion that corpus luteum failure is a frequent cause of embryonic death in the ewe. The technique presented is considered sufficiently sensitive to detect quite small changes in the histological appearance of the corpus luteum, although the relationship of these changes to progesterone secretion is not known. However, the dramatic regression observed between days 15 and 17 of the estrous cycle fits the known pattern of progesterone secretion at this time.


The article deals with the impact of Russian me-dia on the development of post-reform Russia from 1861 to 1917. On a large amount of factual material, including articles from newspapers and magazines of the time, it is concluded that the Russian press of that period, not the protest and ille-gal, but «permitted censorship» most actively involved in the destruction of the foundation of the country"s information, and to do it by a different ways. However, the government, instead of stop negative attacks in the address in the bud, silently turned a blind eye to it and thus only contributes to the con-solidation antimonarchist forces in Russia. All this together with all the other factors led to the destruction of the Russian state in 1917, with all its tragic consequences.


We studied nerve injuries caused by supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.From April 1988 to May 1993, we treated 60 children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Ten of these cases (16.7%) had nerve injuries and according to Smith's classification, seven were the complete displacement type and three were the moderate displacement type.Sixteen cases with nerve injuries were examined. The mean duration of follow-up was 7.7 months ranging from 2 to 16 months. The radial nerve was injured in 7 cases, median nerve in 6 cases, radial and median nerves in 2 cases and ulnar nerve in 1 case. Neurolysis was performed in only 2 cases. In radial nerve palsy, recovery of extensor digitorum communis was seen within 4-8 weeks (mean, 7.3 weeks). In median nerve palsy, recovery of flexor pollicis longus began within 4-13 weeks (mean, 9.4 weeks).In the complete displacement type, neural complications were found at a considerably higher rate (43.8%). Almost all cases obtained good results with conservative treatment.


The art of casting bronze bells developed to a high level of sophistication in China during the Shang dynasty (1766–1123 BC). Many chimes of two‐tone bells remain from the Western and Eastern Zhou dynasties (1122–249 BC). With the spread of Buddhism from the third century, large round temple bells developed in China and later in Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries. Vibrational modes of some of these bells have been studied by means of holographic interferometry and experimental modal testing. Their musical as well as acoustical properties are discussed.


The article analyzes the existent analytical models of square change of the flow section of modulator in rotor-pulsation machines. Features of application of such functions for a pulsation machine with a vibrating rotor are determined, taking into account the basic mechanism of dispergating of emulsions. In order to meet the requirements of creation of harmonious emulsion pulsations in the openings of modulator for synchronization with the axial vibrations of rotor and equality of terms of velocity pulsations of emulsion in every channel of stator and rotor, the equalization of the square change of the flow section of modulator is determined in the pulsation machine with a vibrating rotor as a continuous function, using classic hydraulic and mathematical dependences. It considerably simplifies the mathematical description of a function, as well as further creation of analytical model of motion of the emulsion in the machines of such type. The obtained equalization is essential for determining such parameters as instantaneous speed, acceleration of emulsion and diameter of dispersible phase after processing.


The freezing concentration method is one of the potential techniques for recovering nutrients from wastewater. In this study, the method of freeze concentration was studied to establish its optimal conditions in recovering nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate nutrients from domestic wastewater. Water in the form of an ice crystal block is produced and leaves behind a solution with a higher concentration. The effects of coolant temperature from −10 to −80 °C, freezing time from 1 to 8 h, and energy consumption on nutrient recovery were investigated. The optimal conditions were found at a coolant temperature of −20 °C, freezing time of 7 h, and energy consumption of 0.197 kWh/L that resulted in the highest nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate nutrient recovery values of 1.114 and 4.667, respectively, at the inlet of anaerobic digester 1; 1.325 and 4.975, respectively, at the outlet of anaerobic digester 1; 1.099 and 4.859, respectively, at the inlet of anaerobic digester 2; 1.132 and 4.755, respectively, at the outlet of anaerobic digester 2; and for gravel filter at the outlet the values were 1.111 and 4.861, respectively. The recovered nutrients can be used as biofertilizers.


1. A base station for use in a mobile communication system in which communication is performed by ALOHA method with division into time intervals, and between downstream communication frames from the base station to each mobile station and upstream communication frames from the mobile station to the base station set a predetermined offset time, the base station comprises: signal transmitting means for transmitting a transmission permission through a predetermined frame in a downlink frame transmission permission signal for permitting transmission of one frame of data when one of the available uplink frames; ! receiving means for receiving a data frame transmitted from the mobile station via one of the uplink frame, which corresponds to said predetermined frame; and! signal transmitting means a continuous transmission permission to determine whether to permit continuous transmission of subsequent two or more frames of data if said subsequent frames of data exists immediately after said received one frame of data for transmission over the signal of the downlink frame permission of the continuous transmission when the continuous transmission enabled,! wherein the uplink frames from the mobile station to the base station are delayed with respect to the downlink frames from the base station to the mobile station for a predetermined time period longer than the duration of one frame, and! transmission permission signal is transmitted through the frame to the downlink frames, which corresponds to said frame in the uplink frames if the first frame in cad


How to handle the attributive characteristics of music courses and the aesthetic education features of music art becomes the focus of music education reform with the core of music aesthetics. The characteristics of the cultural attribute together with the skill attribute in music education is objective existing and unavoidable. The music education with the core of music aesthetics needs to emphasize on the music basic knowledge in the music education. The music aesthetics could not be without the music basic knowledge study. The ways of the music basic ability developing and the study of music basic knowledge need to be reformed, especially the music aesthetic education should be involved in and not be avoided and cancelled.


In this article, achievements about the cross between Sorghum and sudan grass during past 20 years were summarizd. The results showed as follows:the hybrid grass, which was selected through crossing between sorghum and Sudan grass, had the strong hybrid vigor, and displayed the characteristics of high yield, high quality, good palatability, high resistance to drought and disease, wide adaptability. The hybrid grass wound be used in animal husbandry and agriculture, which would play a important role in improving agricultural components,developing animal husbandry, and raising income of farmer and ecological reconstruction.


A taxonomic revision of Allium in Korea and north-eastern China is presented based on critical observations of wild populations and extensive herbarium material. Species delimitations are re-evaluated on the basis of macro- and micromorphological and cytological characters, resulting in the recognition of 24 species comprised of 26 taxa, among which, four species and two varieties are endemic to Korea, and one species is endemic to China. One previously recognized species is placed into synonymy: A. deltoidefistulosum (under A. sacculiferum). Allium spirale and A. tenuissimum are newly recorded for Korea, and the common names 'Cham-du-me-bu-chu' and 'Ae-gi-sil-bu-chu' are given for these species, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for A. deltoidefistulosum, A. monanthum and A. ophiopogon. Illustrations, photographs and a key to species and varieties are provided in addition to complete descriptions including information on nomenclatural types, synonymies, chromosome numbers, distributions, habitat and specimens examined. This study will provide sound foundation for a future global monograph and the systematic understanding of Allium. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167, 153–211.


Information behavior is an important topic area for the future Internet, Information Systems developers, and the information research community. This article shows two main factors of information behavior—information motivation and information capability—and its relationship to job performance based on the literature review of psychology, management, IS, and IT training fields. This article reviews the wide range of literature on the information behavior, provides the summarized tables of literature, and proposes the future research framework based on the literature review.


This thesis contributes to the optimal time study of control-affine systems. These problems arise naturally from
physics, and contains, for instance, mechanical systems.
We tackle the study of their singularities, while minimizing
the final time, meaning the time on which the aim is reached.
We give a precise study of the extremal flow, for mechanical systems, for starter, and then, in general. \linebreak
This leads to
the knowledge of the flow regularity: it is smooth on a stratification around the singular set. We then apply those
results to mechanical systems, and orbit transfer problems, with two and three bodies, giving an upper bound to the number of singularities occurring during a transfer. \linebreak
We then change our viewpoint to study the optimality of such
extremal in general, and give an optimality criteria than can be easily checked \linebreak
numerically.
In the last chapter we study the singularities of the controlled Kepler problem through another path: we prove a non-integrability theorem - in the Liouville sens -
for the Hamiltonian system given by the minimum time orbit transfer (or rendez-vous) problem in the Kepler configuration.


The factors influencing indoor comfort temperatures are examined and it is found that the thermally neutral temperature depends on the outdoor mean temperature. It is also found that tolerable temperature swings lie between I and 2°C. It is also permissable to allow the temperature to drift gradually over days and weeks.


The purpose of this dissertation is the experimental study of the operation of plate heat exchangers through changes of their inlet elements in order to conclude to the optimal selection of a corresponding unit for use in an industrial refrigeration plant. In this way it is presented that the correct study and selection of a plate heat exchanger greatly affects the efficiency and energy economy of the system that it takes place. The first chapter aims to make easier to understand what a plate heat exchanger is with a general introduction to its definition, its principle of operation and what are its modern applications in the industry. Next, the second chapter will refer to the basic parameters for selecting a plate heat exchanger and the analysis of the main quantities that set its operation, such as fluid temperatures, the total pressure drop in each of its circuits and the thermal capacity consumed. The purpose of the chapter is to make the reader better understand the study that will follow. The third chapter includes the procedure of the experiments that will follow as well as the definition of the industrial plant in which the final plate heat exchanger will be used.
Then, the fourth chapter consists of the presentation of the results through diagrams and tables as well as their forthcoming commentary. In the fifth and last chapter are the conclusions of the experiments as well as the final optimal choice of the plate heat exchanger to be used


The solution mixing was used to fabricate a series of carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CMWNTs)/poly(adipic acid-hexamethylene diamine)(PA66) composites.The thermal and crystallizing properties of the composites were characterized by the thermogravimetric analysis(TG),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and polarizering microscope(POM).It is found that as the content of CMWNTs increases,the melting temperatures of the composites are almost unchanged,and the crystallinity and crystallizing temperature increase.CMWNTs act as a heterogeneous nucleation agent and do not affect the crystal form.POM analysis shows that addition of CMWNTs reduces the grain size of PA66.The interaction between CMWNTs and PA66 molecular chain is mainly Van Der Waals force and hydrogen bond.No evidence is given to prove the existence of chemical bonds between CMWNTs and PA66 molecular chains.The decomposition temperature of the composites rises slightly.The strong absorption of CMWNTs to the free radicals formed in the decomposition process decreases the rate of the composite decomposition.


Compression pressure of individual cylinder has big influence on engine performance parameters such as combustion pressure, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), emission, vibration, combustion noise and many other combustion parameters. Conventional method to check compression pressure uniformity is done by mechanical pressure gage and this method needs to disassemble related parts such as glow or ignition plugs which causes cost and time. Also this conventional method causes inaccuracy of cylinder pressure measurement because of different cranking speed results mainly from battery status and lubrication oil temperature. In order to detect misfired cylinder, conventional method is to check the root cause for each cylinder. New method to evaluate cylinder compression pressure uniformity and to detect misfired cylinder through analysis of CAM and crank sensor signal in this study. Results, high accuracy of misfired cylinder detection and evaluation of compression pressure uniformity by new method was observed.


The Old Irish and Welsh Triads are conspicuous for their repetitive structure and highly formulaic character. This paper compares some of the enumerative forms common in the Celtic tradition with a poetic genre known as the priamel and as such attested only in archaic Greek. Synchronic peculiarities are best understood when put into diachronic perspective: in this paper, I examine typology and structure of Old Irish and Welsh enumerative forms comparing them with similarly constructed passages in archaic Greek lyric and epic.


The explosive growth of spatial data and widespread use of spatial databases emphasize the need for the automated discovery of spatial knowledge. Spatial data mining is the process of discovering interesting and previously unknown, but potentially useful patterns from spatial databases. The complexity of spatial data and intrinsic spatial relationships limits the usefulness of conventional data mining techniques for extracting spatial patterns.


It mainly researched some questions exiting in the network safety systems,and found several effective preventive measures to ensure the network safety in work.


ABSTRACT: In 1987, a 0.83-ha zero-order swale was instrumented with 58 pierometersand 25 tensiometers along several hillslope transects. Through 1993, soil moistureconditions were measured by pressure transducers connected to a digital data loggerrecording at 15-minute intervals.In August 1989, the 100-year-old second-growth forestin the swale was felled. Logs were removed by cable yarding and heavy logging equipmentwas excluded from the hillslopes. Increases in peak piezometric levels and soil moisturewere observed following logging.In the shallower, unsaturated portion of the soil profile,the increase was short-lived due to the rapid resprouting of redwood stumps. At thesoil-bedrock interface, increased pore pressures persisted during winter periods throughoutthe 4-yr post-harvest period.In addition to changes in evapotranspiration, pore pressureincreases may be explained by reduced canopy interception, compaction, or the collapse ofsoil pipes.At the base of the swale, pipeflow accounted for virtually all of the stormflow.After logging, soil pipes continued to efficiently route surplus stormflows through an existingpiping network and no slope instabilities were observed.KEY TERMS: hillslope hydrology, piezometer, soil moisture, timber harvest, soil piping.INTRODUCTIONThe impacts of timber harvesting on hydrologic processes are of great concern to landmanagers and the public in the Pacific Northwest. Many scientists have evaluated theeffects of logging on streamflow and sedimentation but much less work has been done onsubsurface flow processes.Slope stability problems arise on steep slopes where subsurfacedrainage is inefficient. The resultant mass erosion events are the major source ofsedimentation in this region.It is now known that logging roads can alter subsurface flowconditions and aggravate slope stability hazards (Megahan, 1972). It is not clear if timberfelling and skyline yarding alone can significantly affect the physical properties that governhillslope drainage processes.This study addresses this issue by comparing pre- and post-harvest pore pressure levels and soil moisture conditions on a steep hillslope within a zero-order basin in coastal northwestern California.


Regions of the Russian Federation significantly differ in many indicators of the social economic development. As a result, the Russian regions are characterized by a high level of differentiation. Geographic location is one of the factors which is recognized by many scholars to be a pivotal prerequisite in supporting the uneven distribution of regional development. In this context, special attention is paid to the near-border regions being the areas with a competitive advantage, that is, they have an opportunity to interact economically from their near-border location which, first of all, provides transport accessibility. What is more, the near-border regions possess specific features which affect their indicators in social economic development and can be explained by a greater accessibility of the regional market for the trans-border economic cooperation. Along with that, the review of the literature reveals that the accessibility of the regional market on the near-border territories is not examined enough. Thus, the purpose of the research is to develop the methodology aimed to evaluate the accessibility level of the regional market on the near-border territories and to develop a classification of regions by their periphery level. The object of the study was the regions in the Russian Federation and Finland, which are the territories with near-border location, the subject of research is the regions' differentiation by the accessibility level of the regional markets on the near-border territories. The study is scientifically novel in its methodological tools for evaluating the accessibility level of the regional market, which identifies the role of geographical location in the region's economic development. To achieve the given purpose, the authors applied the evaluation methods for the accessibility of the regional market, the methods being based on the Euclidian distance calculating tools and cluster analysis. The distance between the regions was found by the geographic coordinates – latitude and longitude – converted into kilometers and was the basis to construct a distance matrix and to calculate the periphery index of the regions in the Russian Federation and Finland, which accounts for the volume of regional market measures by the region's population size. Thus, periphery index was offered to be calculated on the basis of synthesis of two indicators: geographic location of the regions from one another and the volume of the regional market. The obtained matrix of the distances helped to provide a comparative analysis of the geographic accessibility of the regional markets in the Russian and Finnish regions, their cartographic model was prepared, the model focuses on the regions which are periphery and may find it difficult to enter the market of other regions with their products. The regions in Finland are classified into central, semi-periphery, and periphery ones depending on the periphery index. It has been found that the territorial location of the Finnish regions matches the classical scheme of regions location by groups under W. Christaller's approach "center-periphery": remote regions are periphery, the regions closer to the central part are central ones. The Russian Federation regions are reasonably divided into central, semi-central, semi-periphery, and periphery, which is due to a greater geographic area. It has been revealed that the Russian regions show a significant gap in the periphery index. For example, the remote regions of the Far Eastern Federal District with their periphery index from 4000 to 8500 refer to the periphery regions. At the same time, some near-border regions go to the group of semi-central regions because geographically they are accessible for other regional markets, and the index periphery ranges from 1610 to 3000 (the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast). The development of the evaluation method to analyze the accessibility of the regional market of near-border territories and the results of its testing is theoretically and practically valuable since they expand methodological tools aimed to study the role of geographic location in the regions, economic development and could be applied to develop the strategies of inter-regional, trans-border, and international cooperation of the Russian Federation. Further research is connected with the justification and development of strategy for the international relationship between the near-border regions with regard to the accessibility of these regional markets, as well as identification of a set of measures of management impacts aimed to smooth out the differentiation level of the Russian economic space.


During a subarctic North Pacific cruise in autumn 2005, we investigated the similarities and differences between phytoplankton composition in the Alaskan Gyre (AG) and the Western Subarctic Gyre (WSG) using the chemotaxonomy program CHEMTAX, microscopy and flow cytometry. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) standing stock was almost constant (21.5‐31.4 mg m 22 ) throughout the two gyres. Prymnesiophytes were consistently the dominant group (21‐50% of Chl a standing stock) in both gyres. Diatoms were a minor component of Chl a standing stock (,10%); however, abundances of large diatoms (Thalassiosira spp., Fragilariopsis spp. and Neodenticula seminae) were higher in the AG than in the WSG. In the AG, green algae (chlorophytes and prasinophytes) were secondary components of Chl a standing stock (16‐35%). Pterosperma spp. (Prasinophyceae) partially contributed to the predominance of green algae in the AG. In the WSG, Synechococcus spp. accounted for 14‐27% of Chl a standing stock; however, the abundance of Synechococcus spp. reached 11 � 10 10 cells m 23 and was numerically much higher than that of eukaryotic plankton (,2 � 10 10 cells m 23 ). The similarities and differences between phytoplankton composition in the AG and WSG will influence the biogeochemical processes and food web dynamics in the subarctic North Pacific.


The invention relates to a receiver for receiving an audio/video/data service
(42) that is broadcast as multiplexed transmission frames and comprises audio,
video and/or data, and parameter groups that define connections between
audio, video and/or data. The receiver comprises means for demultiplexing
parameter groups from the transmission frames; means for providing a user
with an indication of available services, based on the demultiplexed parameter
groups; means for receiving a user selection indicative of a user-selected service;
and means, responsive to the user selection, for forming the user-selected
service from said transmission frames by selectively combining and
processing (54, 55, 56) substantially only the selected one of said audio/video/data
service. The invention also relates to a corresponding transmitter.


Micro-powered wireless sensors present new challenges due to the severe harvesting conditions under which they need to operate and their tiny energy reservoirs. However, existing low-power network stacks make a slew of design choices that limit the ability to scale down to such environments. We address these issues with QuarkNet, a backscatter-based network stack that is designed to enable continuous communication even if there is only enough harvested energy to transmit a few bits at a time while simultaneously optimizing throughput across a network of micro-powered devices. We design and implement QuarkNet on a software radio based RFID reader and the UMass Moo platform, and show that QuarkNet increases the communication distance by 3.5× over Dewdrop, 9× over Buzz, and is within 96% of the upper bound of achievable range. QuarkNet also improves the communication throughput by 10.5× over EPC Gen 2, 5.8× over Dewdrop, and 3.3× over Flit for tag-to-reader communication and by 1.5× over EPC Gen 2 for reader-to-tag communication.


The Wiener-Kolmogorov (WK) signal extraction filter, extended to handle nonstationary signal and noise, has minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE) for Gaussian processes. However, the stochastic dynamics of the signal estimate typically differ from that of the target. The use of such filters, although widespread, has been observed to produce dips in the spectrum of the seasonal adjustments of seasonal time series. These spectral troughs correspond in practice to negative autocorrelations at lag 12 (or negative seasonal autocorrelation), a phenomenon corresponding to an annual stochastic cycle. So-called "square root" WK filters were introduced by Wecker (1979) in the case of stationary signal and noise, to ensure that the signal estimate shared the same stochastic dynamics as the original signal, and thereby remove spectral dips. This represents a different statistical philosophy: not only do we want to closely estimate a target quantity, but we desire that the dynamics of our estimate closely resemble those of the target. The MSE criterion ignores this aspect of the signal extraction problem, whereas the "dynamic matching" filters account for this issue at the cost of accruing additional MSE. This paper provides empirical documentation of the occurrence of negative seasonal autocorrelation in seasonally adjusted data, and provides matrix formulas for filters that match the dynamics of the desired signal, and are appropriate for finite samples of nonstationary time series. We apply these filters to 88 time series to produce seasonal adjustments that have greatly reduced incidences of negative seasonal autocorrelation. An Alternative Model-Based Seasonal Adjustment (Tucker McElroy)


The Great American Myths are the commonly accepted stories that, along with the American Creed, convey to most Americans the meaning of their nation. The first edition of Myths America Lives By identified five of those myths: the Chosen Nation, Nature's Nation, the Christian Nation, the Millennial Nation, and the Innocent Nation. The second edition adds a sixth: the myth of White Supremacy. This chapter introduces the two primary arguments of this book—first, that the myth of White Supremacy is the primal American myth that informs all the others and, second, that one of the chief functions of the other five myths is to protect and obscure the myth of White Supremacy and assure us that we remain innocent after all. Most blacks understand that white supremacy is the primal American myth since they live with its real-life consequences. But those in positions of power are not forced to live with the consequences of this myth. As a result, for most American whites the myth of White Supremacy is like the air they breathe: it envelops and shapes them but does so in ways they seldom discern.


We examine the role of semantic theory in determini ng the ontology of programming languages. We explore how different sem antic perspectives result in different ontologies. In particular, we compare th ontological implications of set-theoretic versus type-theoretic semantics. Key terms: Philosophy of computer science Related terms: Mathematical logic, type theory


We report a design of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) resonator that can be switched between different resonant states, and the distinctive resonant states maintained without any external voltage. By applying different voltage sequences, the resonant frequency at 0 gate voltage can be reliably switched between two distinct frequency bands. The study of resonance frequency switching based on MoS2 Nems resonator demonstrates that such reconfigurable resonant behavior based on the two-dimensional (2D) NEMS resonator can be potentially used towards realizing multi-band capability in future wireless communication systems.


Thank you for downloading the nazi officers wife how one jewish woman survived the holocaust. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this the nazi officers wife how one jewish woman survived the holocaust, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer.


The purpose of this study is to realize the characteristics of demersal fish assemblages in northwestern waters of Taiwan. A total of 24 bottom trawl operations were conducted along the coast waters from northeast part of Taiwan to Miaoli areas at depths of 60.5-127.4 meters during 21-30 July 2004. Twenty-nine major fish species, 14 crustacean species, 15 crab species, and 7 cephalopoda were recorded respectively. The species found at duplicated stations and with a linear biomass equal to 0.5 or higher for fish occupying 98.2% of the fish caught. Crustacean, crabs, and cephalopoda were all used for the cluster analysis. Area groups and species groups were classified using the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values and the UPGMA method. The relationship between the values of Shannon-Wiener index and the depth was not significant (p<0.05). Two area groups and 2 fish species groups were divided using 29 dominant fishes of a log-transformed abundance value, 2 area groups and 2 crustacean species groups were divided using 14 crustacean collected, 2 area groups and 2 crab species groups were divided using 15 crabs collected, 2 area groups and 2 cephalopoda groups were divided using 7 cephalopoda. Based on the values of linear biomass calculated, we found that in area A especially at the station I may consider as one of the habitats of horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus.


The Reduced Reparameterized Unified Model (Reduced RUM) is a diagnostic classification model for educational assessment that has received considerable attention among psychometricians. However, the computational options for researchers and practitioners who wish to use the Reduced RUM in their work, but do not feel comfortable writing their own code, are still rather limited. One option is to use a commercial software package that offers an implementation of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for fitting (constrained) latent class models like Latent GOLD or Mplus. But using a latent class analysis routine as a vehicle for fitting the Reduced RUM requires that it be re-expressed as a logit model, with constraints imposed on the parameters of the logistic function. This tutorial demonstrates how to implement marginal maximum likelihood estimation using the EM algorithm in Mplus for fitting the Reduced RUM.


The publication of Out of Africa in 1937 won Baroness K. Blixen-Finecke worldwide fame because the novel caused wide public concern among both critics and readers. The story unfolds a poetic picture which reveals the natural peace and harmony in Africa through the narrative angle of the heroine—Karen Blixen. In Out of Africa, the author, from multipoint viepoints, knits the legendary plot to display a picture of a community with the features of spiritual utopia, which is an ideal place for men to escape from the outside disturbance. The present paper, first, gives a brief introduction to the plot of the story. Then, it discusses the characteristics of spiritual utopian community on the African land from the following three perspectives: Karen Blixen is a pursuer to go after self-integrity so as to protect the harmony of spiritual utopian land in Africa; Africans are the paragons of self-integrity to pursue freedom on their homeland; and the western settlers are the dominators who have lost self-integrity in the spiritual utopian community because they have almost destroyed the ecological and social banlance on African land.


Incentive plays an important role in cultivating science and technology talents and is of great significance for the development of local universities,which should carry out phased incentive system based on the developing stages of the staff.For each stage,some particular factors should be picked out as the incentive points so as to form a dynamic incentive system.Only in this way can we maximize the limited resources and effectively develop the potentials of those talents.


Syndromic surveillance is a type of active surveillance system which is known for the early detection of emergent public health events. Through learning about the definition, application, advantages and limitations of syndromic surveillance and the current status in China, the paper tries to explore the necessity and difficulties of implementation of syndromic surveillance in China.


Mobile edge computing (MEC) scheme can enable maritime Internet of things (MIoT) to support computing-intensive and delay-sensitive maritime applications. However, due to the broadcast characteristics of wireless signals, the information in the legitimate link may be eavesdropped by eavesdroppers. This paper considers a maritime edge computing system with an eavesdropper where unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cooperate to offload and compute tasks. The task offloading and resource scheduling problem is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP), in which the objective is to maximize the overall performance of the system with the consideration of the physical layer security (PLS). An offloading decision is made based on the channel qualities between USVs and UAV, task queue status and task information of USVs. In order to deal with the high-dimensional curse of state and action space, we propose a computational offloading algorithm based on the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) to learn the optimal strategy without requiring a priori knowledge of the environment. Numerical experiments show that compared with other benchmark algorithms, our proposed learning algorithm has better overall system performance while ensuring secure communication.


In the article the ideas of cognition are analyzed, formed by the modern cognitive science in the context of the philosophical analysis of cognitive practices and in the aspect of evolutionary-synergetic model of the world


A programmable dual modulus divider was proposed. The circuit mainly includes three building blocks: prescaler, 8-bit programmable counter and ΣΔ modulator. Two operation modes (integer/fractional-N) were achieved by switching on/off the output signal of the ΣΔ modulator. Only a programmable counter is needed for the swallow pulse divider. The prescaler was designed by using the improved dynamic TSPC triggers, and the other blocks were realized by the way of digital synthesis, placing and routing. Based on 0.18 µm 1.8 V CMOS technology, SpectreVerilog simulations verify that it can operate within the division ratio of 56-2047 with 2 GHz maximum operation frequency and < 4 mA current dissipation. The circuit is very simple and can be used in the high performance PLL frequency synthesizer.


Military Mobilization is the act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war. It's an activation of military forces for imminent battle, and redirection of economic and social activities to support a military effort. The relationship between war and military mobilization is much closer in modern time, thus, in this thesis, it starts to consider how we link them together, to win the war and reduce civilian's casualties. This research uses political and economical approach to analyze the military mobilization system's development in ROC; moreover, it presents the cause and effect between result of wars and the effect of mobilization. The article consists of 7 chapters, which identified each period's characteristics and mobilization strategies through the national security strategic situation and tactical guidance, furthermore, how these factors affected the mobilization system in ROC?And what is the key fator? The result of analysis implies that domestic and international political and economical circumstances, the threat of war and enemy's movement, international relations and environment, all directly affects national goal, national security and mobilization policy. From organizational aspect, mobilization organization should be treated as a dedicated organization; from operational aspect, mobilization should be commanded and coordinated by central institution, in order to curtail the time of mobilization.


MDAI (5,6‐methylenedioxy‐2‐aminoindane; 6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐cyclopenta[f][1,3]benzodioxol‐6‐amine; 'sparkle'; 'mindy') is a psychoactive substance, sold primarily over the Internet and in 'head' shops as a 'legal high'. Synthesised and used as a research chemical in the 1990s, MDAI has structural similarities to MDMA (3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methylamphetamine) and shares its behavioural properties. Recreational use of MDAI appears to have started in Europe around 2007, with a noticeable increase after 2009 in the UK and other countries. Calls to National Poisons Information Services started in 2010, although there were few presentations to emergency departments by patients complaining of undesirable physical and psychiatric effects after taking MDAI. Recreational use of this drug has been reported only occasionally by online user fora. There is little scientifically based literature on the pharmacological, physiological, psychopharmacological, toxicological and epidemiological characteristics of this drug.


Methods for constructing magic square are various,especially for odd number order magic square matrix.A general term formula for constructing the odd number order magic square matrix is deduced and its characteristics are given.


Quark was prepared from cow milk by the optimization of different parameters like concentration of rennet, sugar percentage and flavor types. The rennet concentration used for optimization were 0.00139 %, 0.00234 %, 0.00278 % and 0.00468 %. Among these in terms of acidity, texture, flavor and appearance 0.00234 percent rennet was found significantly best product. The concentration of sugar in quark was varied in different proportion viz. 2, 4 and 5 %, among these 4 % was ranked best with respect to sensory properties. For the optimization of flavor, two flavors (pineapple and vanilla) was used along with orange red color and without color for quark preparation, among them vanilla with no color added sample was preferred significantly. The high quality life (HQL) of the optimized product was 45 days in deep frozen condition (-20oC), 6 days in refrigerated condition (-4oC). Even though, the product remained acceptable up to 2 days at room temperature (33 ± 2oC) and up to 15 days in refrigerated conditions.


In this work polarized picosecond fluorescence measurements were performed on isolated tryptophan and tryptophan in a small 22-mer peptide using a streak camera coupled to a spectrograph as a detection system. In both cases the fluorescence decay was multiexponential with decay times of similar to500 ps, and similar to4 ns. Surprisingly, also a short-lived (similar to16 ps) isotropic fluorescence component was found for both tryptophan and the peptide which, to our knowledge. has never been observed before. Fluorescence anisotropy data showed rotational correlation times of 155 ps and 1.5 ns for the peptide, reflecting local and overall peptide dynamics, respectively. Recently it was argued [Lakowicz. J. R. Photochem. Photobiol. 2000, 72, 421] that the nonexponential fluorescence decay of tryptophan in proteins is mainly due to spectral relaxation, whereas for isolated tryptophan it is due to different rotamers. Our results do not support this view. In contrast we conclude in both cases that the different fluorescence decay times should be ascribed to different rotameric states.


This document contains four bibliographies and two sets of abstracts of materials on computer-assisted guidance systems. The first bibliography contains references pertaining to the use of the computer-assisted guidance system, DISCOVER. The cited documents are classified as theoretical foundations, evaluation and research reports, program descriptions, and supporting materials. The second bibliography contains references to the System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI). Documents are classified in the same four categories as in the DISCOVER bibliography. The third bibliography, covering general issues, contains citations that address a variety of topics including the role of computer applications in providing counseling and career planning services, ethical issues, the implementation process, research and evaluation issues, and comparative descriptions of two or more systems. The fourth bibliography contains citations that address a variety of similar topics including the role of computer applications with a disabled population in providing counseling and career planning services. The final two sections, which make up the bulk of the document, contain 52 abstracts of materials concerning the DISCOVER system and 70 abstracts of materials about SIGI. Document abstracts are classified according to evaluation and research studies, program descriptions, supporting documents, and theoretical bases of the systems. The abstracts include a bibliographic citation and where appropriate, an address from which copies of the document may be obtained. (KC) BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND ABSTRACTS CLEARINGHOUSE FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED GUIDANCE SYSTEMS Project LEARN Phase II Lifelong Education, Assessment, and Referral Network


Super resolution image reconstruction method refers to image processing algorithms that produce a high resolution(HR) image from observed several low resolution(LR) images of the same scene. This method has proven to be useful in many practical cases where multiple frames of the same scene can be obtained, such as satellite imaging, video surveillance, video enhancement and restoration, digital mosaicking, and medical imaging. In this paper, we applied the super resolution reconstruction method in spatial domain to video sequences. Test images are adjacently sampled images from continuous video sequences and are overlapped at high rate. We constructed the observation model between the HR images and LR images applied with the Maximum A Posteriori(MAP) reconstruction method which is one of the major methods in the super resolution grid construction. Based on the MAP method, we reconstructed high resolution images from low resolution images and compared the results with those from other known interpolation methods.


AbstractThe development of new carburising steel grades by Daido Steel for heat treated transmission parts is reviewed. These developments are driven by the need for cost reduction, weight saving, fuel economy and higher mechanical performance in new car models under development in response to environmental and economic demands. The next generation of gears will be peened, then vacuum carburised to improve fatigue and impact strength in lighter components designed with smaller tooth cross-sections, and new steels giving improved performance have been developed. Case studies of new steels for pulleys (allowing shorter carburising times) and constant velocity joints are also described.


Clearness index models for different temporal and spatial scales are statistically established.Using the selected models together with Kriging interpolation method,maps of monthly clearness index mormals with a resolution of 1km×1km in China are generated.Rusults show that the maps can satisfacterily reflect the distributive character of clearness index in China,and thus provide the basic data for estimating the solar radiation and its components under the condition of real complicated topography.


The present study sought to understand the psychological distress of patients with chronic
renal failure at diagnosis. A study was conducted at the Sinop / MT Kidney Care Clinic with
patients with chronic renal failure in the psychological care provided by the unit to understand
the impact of the diagnosis generated by several emotional factors that arise in the life of a
patient, permeated by feelings of fear of the death, refusal to start treatment, depression and
other emotional factors that arise during the treatment process. Chronic kidney failure is a
condition in which the kidneys work in a reduced way and can affect people of different age
groups. The treatment indicated for people who have this type of disease is the dialytic or
even the transplant and because it is a long and painful process, the present work sought to
identify some information through the research, where data were collected on the difficulties
during the process. treatment and performance of the psychologist in the renal treatment
process. The information acquired through bibliographic review and primary data leads to the
understanding that the patient - psychologist interaction will have a positive influence
throughout the treatment, since the patient tends to become sad and depressed, and the
psychologist brings the emotional stability that he needs.


People will always try to condition his environment to achieve thermal comfort for his body. To conditioning the external environment is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. In other words, the comfort that humans feel in the outer space is depend on the thermal conditions of the environment. The object of outer space in this research is the built environment with the shape of Taman Kota I Gusti Ngurah Agung in Denpasar City. City Park as the object of research so far only judged from its function as a convenient recreational facility for the city community, both from the visual comfort and the thermal comfort. To answer the needs of thermal comfort in the city park, the focus of this research is the conditioning of the outer space elements with the concept of Balinese Traditional Architecture to improve the thermal comfort of the esksisting conditions. The purpose of this research is to produce thermal comfort optimization of city park through recommendation of arrangement model with the concept of Water Garden of Traditional Architecture of Bali. It takes thermal condition visualization using Envi-MET 3.1 software to see thermal enhancement improvement in the research object recommendation model. The result of this research is mapping of the increase of thermal comfort quantity distribution at the condition of urban park recommendation model. From the mapping of the thermal conditions, it is known that the thermal comfort level of the urban park recommendation model is higher. This result can then be followed up as a recommendation model of Taman Kota I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung with the concept of Water Garden of Traditional Architecture of Bali and the future can be applied in other cities with similar characteristics.


We report high power and high temperature operation of 660-nm-band AlGaInP laser diodes. The double-channel ridge waveguide structure was used, and the growth conditions for each layer of the AlGaInP laser were optimized to have the lowest defect density by using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) analyses. The optimized AlGaInP lasers showed better performance than those fabricated without optimization. One of the optimized AlGaInP lasers showed a very stable fundamental transverse mode even at 200 mW and 70 ◦C, a typical threshold current of 64 mA at 660 nm, a slope efficiency of 1.0 W/A, and a characteristic temperature of 212 K. The beam divergences perpendicular and parallel to the junction plane were 15.3◦ and 8.6◦, respectively, at 80 mW CW, which is small enough for a DVD-R/RW system.


Objective To investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene transfection on the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group:the sham operation group,the operation group,the test group and the control group. Except for the sham operation group,groups were developed into left-to-right shunt pulmonary hypertension models using cuff technique. Recombinant adenovirus(AdCMVeNOS) was transfected into the test group using tracheal inhalation. We observed expression and activity of eNOS in the lung by immunohistochemistry and colorimetry,measured the mPAP,mRVP,mCAP and RVHI,and calculated WT%. Results Brown spots in the full wall of pulmonary vessels were seen in the test group.The expression level of eNOS in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The number of eNOS expression-positive cells in the sham operation group was lower than in the test group but higher than in the control group. The activity of eNOS obviously decreased in the operation and control groups compared with that in the sham operation group (P0. 05),and increased in the operation group compared with those in the control and sham operation groups. The levels of mRVP,mPAP,RVHI and WT% were similar between the operation group and the control group,which were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (P0.05). The levels of the above four indicators were obviously lower in the test group than in the control group. Conclusion Adenovirus-mediated eNOS gene transfection can increase expression and activity of eNOS in lung tissue of the pulmonary hypertension rat model induced by high pulmonary blood flow,and delays the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling.


Author has analyzed the design calculation principle for pressure drop of circular loop between waste heat boiler and drum;has established the mathematic model of natural circulation which can be realized for feed water of waste heat boiler;taking the concrete design calculation as an example,description was made for the design calculation process of the drum layout height in the natural circulation loop.


Sleep Apnea Syndrome is one of the most common and dangerous causes of sleep disorder that the suspected patients are tested (examined) by recording various types of vital signals during sleep using polysomnography (PSG). Since human body rhythms have a chaotic and non-linear behavior, the nonlinear analysis of body parameters provides the researchers with valuable information about body behavior during the disease and its comparison with the normal state for a more accurate examination of the diseases. The purpose of this is to diagnose apnea events using linear and nonlinear analyses and combining the EMG, ECG and EEG signals in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The research data are obtained by the Physionet database including 25 subjects (21 males and 4 females). After performing the pre-processing phase to remove the noise related to EMG, ECG, EEG and artifact signals based on the corresponding algorithms, the healthy and apnea sleep ranges are separated from one another. Linear and nonlinear analyses in MATLAB environment are performed on signals and conditions which are evaluated in healthy sleep and during sleep apnea at different stages of sleep in patients with OSA by multilayer perceptron classifier. The best result of the proposed algorithm obtained by combining the signals and the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy values are 96.87 ± 1.78, 97.14 ± 2.24 and 98.09 ± 2.15 respectively. The results show that the proposed algorithm can help doctors and nurses as a diagnostic tool with more accuracy than similar techniques.


Marine resources represent an interesting source of active ingredients for the cosmetics industry. Algae (macro and micro) are rich in proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins (A, B, and C) and oligo-elements such as copper, iron and zinc. All those active principles play roles in hydration, firming, slimming, shine and protection. Marine organisms inhabit a wide spectrum of habitats. Photo-protective compounds can be obtained from organisms subjected to strong light radiation, such as in tropical systems or in shallow water. In the same way, molecules with antioxidant potential can be obtained from microorganisms inhabiting extreme systems such as hydrothermal vents. For example, marine bacteria collected around deep-sea hydrothermal vents produce complex and innovative polysaccharides in the laboratory which are useful in cosmetics. There are many properties that will be put forward by the cosmetic industries.


We present a novel measure to capture technological distance and search trajectories using chemical similarities. We build on prior methodological advances in the innovation literature and computational chemistry to introduce a novel technique to measure technological distance between patents based on the chemical structures of patented molecules. We compare our method to existing measures and show a granular characterization of firm exploration that is not possible with existing techniques like patent class-based Euclidean distances. This measure is applied to a sample of small molecule drug patents to examine firm search trajectories pre-and-post the human genome map: a major technological change with implications for drug discovery. Analyses show that overall firm search trajectories became narrower over time, and that targeted search strategies had broader exploration compared to non-targeted search strategies. This study introduces a novel measure of technological distance and provides fine-grained insights on the evolution of firm exploration during a period of technological change in the drug industry.


Electronic Data Capture (EDC) solutions for clinical trials provide efficient and sophisticated capability to easily validate and clean data using a built-in query-management system. However, only half of all trials are run using EDC because of its inherent implementation complexity and high cost. Many organizations are still performing paper-based trials. As in any other trials, the data from paper-based studies have to be validated and cleaned. To clean the database, data managers create discrepancies, which are sent to the investigator sites. Tracking and managing these discrepancies for large studies can be a daunting task without the right tool. This paper will introduce a SAS®-based innovative query-management solution called the Online Query Management System (OQMS).This tool has been used by one of the top five medical device companies to solve 8,000 queries in less than a month. OQMS is a web application with a SAS dataset back-end and a user interface developed using SAS/IntrNet®. With OQMS, data managers connect to the system with their username and password, and manage and track the discrepancies of a study through a user-friendly interface. The application allows multiple users to connect simultaneously and securely while working on the study queries. Since the back-end and user interface are both developed in SAS, additional SAS-based modules may be added to the system. For instance, users can view patient profiles by clicking on the patient number, access the audit trails to see the history of each discrepancy, as well as export the data in Excel format. Furthermore, many trial-specific reports can be easily programmed and added to the interface. There are several aspects in which this presentation will be beneficial to data managers: • Understanding the core functionality of stand-alone query-management systems • Identifying the business situations in which such systems could be valuable • Recognizing where web applications are superior to traditional client/server applications • Realizing how and why SAS/IntrNet is an excellent platform for rapid web custom development in clinical trials


We prove that any given well-behaved folded state of a piece of paper can be reached via a continuous folding process starting from the unfolded paper and ending with the folded state. The argument is an extension of that originally presented in (DM01). 1 Introduction. In defining an "origami" or "folding" of a piece of paper, there is a distinction between specifying the geometry of the final folded state (a single folding, e.g., an origami crane) and specifying a continuous folding motion from the unfolded sheet to the final folded state (an entire animation of foldings). It is conceivable that some folded state exists, but that the piece of paper could not reach that state via a continuous folding process, e.g., the state could only be reached by passing portions of the paper through itself, or by cutting and regluing. Our main result is that in fact every well-behaved folded state of a simple polygonal piece of paper can be reached by a continuous folding motion, and so the entire config uration space of all well-behaved folded states of a piece of paper is connected. As a consequence, other results that define fold- ings with specific properties need not distinguish between folded states and continuous folding motions, and can use the more convenient specification of a single folded state. The same result as ours was established in (DM01) for the special case of a rectangular piece of paper and a folded state having a flat patch. Here we extend the result to an arbitrary simple polygonal piece of paper and to any well- behaved, possibly entirely curved, folded state, in addition to formalizing definitions and adding detail to the proof. 2 Definitions. We believe that research in mathematical origami has been somewhat hampered by lack of clear, for- mal foundation, so we devote a relatively lengthy section to this topic before turning to the proofs. At a high level, our definitions generalize Justin' s definition of flat folded states (Jus94).


The female gender plays an important role in a family, managing children and other family members. In this course, the health of the women is adjusted to a large extend. Socioeconomic status plays an important role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Socio economic status (SES) could indicate a difference in dietary diversity in individuals The following study was conducted to know the nutritional status of the women in Mumbai. The purpose of the study was to assess the consumption of different food groups among the higher socio-economic status and lower economic status sample. The study was conducted to find the correlation between the food consumption and anthropometric measurements. Consumption of the various food groups by different socio-economic status was noted using the semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 lockdown, the string method was used (Ashwell, 2010), which indicated the preponderance of abdominal obesity in women. Socioeconomic status was calculated using BMC classification which included Ration Card details, Annual Income detail. Results showed that low socioeconomic status women did not focus much on healthy eating habit, and were found to have less abdominal fats (p = 0.002). Prevalence of high calorie food consumption was found in higher socioeconomic status.(p= 0.001). Imbalance of food group consumption was observed between different SES and quality of food consumption was compromised. It can be concluded that healthy food options should be made available at lower rates for lower SES, making changes in government policies can help to achieve a balance in nutrition among different SES.


To explore the relationship of psychological capital,perceived organizational support and employee engagement,276 research and development personnel coming from Shandong province,Shanghai and Guangdong province participated in the investigation. The results indicated that all dimensions of perceived organizational support positively influenced employee engagement; some dimensions of psychological capital positively influenced employee engagement; psychological capital mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee engagement. Psychological capital partly mediated the path of value identification and interest attention to employee engagement and fully mediated the path of job supportion to employee engagement.


With the continuous improvement of the level of information, we have entered the network era. In this paper, the legal education of college students this problem, combined with the characteristics of the Internet age and the status of the rule of law education of college students, analysis of the current network of college students the problems of the rule of law education, indicating the necessity and enthusiasm of the rule of law education of college students network, studied the reform of legal education of college students in the Internet age.


ABSTRACT The acute aquatic toxicity of untreated and chemically dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil has been investigated using spiked-exposure toxicity tests. Testing was accomplished under closed, flow-through conditions using the sensitive early life stages of three coastal California marine species. Water-accommodated fractions of untreated oil were prepared using low-energy, equilibrium methods, whereas chemical dispersions were prepared at somewhat higher energies. Results showed substantial differences in toxicity both among species and between dispersed and undispersed oil.


Measures taken by Structural Policy and Rural Development Policy which directly infl uence the improvement of economic effi ciency and competitiveness of agriculture are presented. The introduction contains description of the development of measures taken in the pre-accession period and their implementation during the SAPARD programme. In the second part of the paper, measures after the accession to EU carried out through Single Programming Document 2004-2006 are described. Data were gathered from the Slovenian legislation and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food.


Objective There is a paucity of research on patients presenting with uninfected diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) that go on to develop infection. We aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for developing infection in a large regional cohort of patients presenting with uninfected DFUs. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from a validated prospective state-wide clinical diabetic foot database in Queensland (Australia). Patients presenting for their first visit with an uninfected DFU to a Diabetic Foot Service in one of thirteen Queensland regions between January 2012 and December 2013 were included. Socio-demographic, medical history, foot disease history, DFU characteristics and treatment variables were captured at the first visit. Patients were followed until their DFU healed, or if their DFU did not heal for 12-months, to determine if they developed a foot infection in that period. Results Overall, 853 patients were included; mean(standard deviation) age 62.9(12.8) years, 68.0% male, 90.9% type 2 diabetes, 13.6% indigenous Australians. Foot infection developed in 342 patients for an overall incidence of 40.1%; 32.4% incidence in DFUs healed <3 months, 55.9% in DFUs healed between 3–12 months (p<0.05). Independent risk factors (Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval)) for developing infection were: DFUs healed between 3–12 months (2.3 (1.6–3.3)), deep DFUs (2.2 (1.2–3.9)), peripheral neuropathy (1.8 (1.1–2.9)), previous DFU history (1.7 (1.2–2.4)), foot deformity (1.4 (1.0–2.0)), female gender (1.5 (1.1–2.1)) and years of age (0.98 (0.97–0.99)) (all p<0.05). Conclusions A considerable proportion of patients presenting with an uninfected DFU will develop an infection prior to healing. To prevent infection clinicians treating patients with uninfected DFUs should be particularly vigilant with those presenting with deep DFUs, previous DFU history, peripheral neuropathy, foot deformity, younger age, female gender and DFUs that have not healed by 3 months after presentation.


Contaminant-induced alterations in genetic diversity or allele/genotype frequencies can occur via genetic bottlenecks, selection, or increased mutation rate, and may affect population growth, sustainability, and adaptability. Determination of causality of genetic effects requires demonstration of some or all of the following criteria: (1) Strength of association: use of multiple reference and contaminated populations, and demonstration of effects that cannot otherwise be explained by evolutionary theory; (2) Consistency of association: effects corroborated by other studies, in other species, or with multiple genetic markers; (3) Specificity of association: concordance of genetic effects with exposure/effect bioindicators, genotypedependant fitness and biomarkers, and consideration of confounding factors; (4) Temporality of effects: use of phylogenetics and analysis of genetic diversity using different methodologies to differentiate historical vs. recent events; (5) Biological gradients: sampling sites that are known to have differing levels of contamination; (6) Experimental evidence: exposure of small populations to contaminants in laboratories, mesocosms, or in situ cages, or measurement of genotype-dependant biomarkers; (7) Biological plausibility: existence of contaminants at levels great enough to affect fitness, recruitment, or mutation rates, or a demonstrated mechanism for selection. Application of these criteria to population genetic studies is illustrated by case studies involving RAPD analysis of mosquitofish populations.


This research was purposed to evaluate the characteristics of physicochemical, and glycemic index of bread made from purple sweet potato (PFSP) flour, starch, and fiber (solid waste of PFSP starch processing). The resulting breads were tested for the physicochemical characteristics and using non factorial completely randomized design as research design with 3 types of ingredient used in bread making as a treatment, namely composite flour from a mixture of PFSP flour, starch and fiber with a ratio 75: 5: 20; 100% PFSP flour, and 100% wheat flour. The results showed that differences in flour had a very significant effect on color, texture profile, ash, protein, fat, and total sugar content of bread. Bread made from composite flour in the form of a mixture of PFSP flour, starch and fiber flour, and also bread made from 100% PFSP flour has higher dietary fiber content than bread made from wheat flour. The daily energy sufficiency of the three types of bread is 10-12%. The glycemic index of bread made from composite flour, PFSP flour, and wheat flour were 41.3, 42.1, and 46.3, respectively, which were classified as low categories. Based on the results, PFSP flour, starch, and fiber flour can be used as wheat flour alternative in making bread.


The failure of reinforcements in rammed earth has been paid more attention to. However, under the alternating temperature conditions, the effect of cathodic protection and inhibitor on reinforcements was doubtful. In this paper, 20MnSi steel was adopted as the research object, and the micro morphology and electrochemical tests were carried out to determine the effect of cathodic protection and inhibitor. The results showed that the number of pits on the surface of 20MnSi steel after 50 cycles of temperature alternation decreased and the corrosion area increased under the cathodic proteticon and inhibitor. Moreover, with the increase of CP potential, the number of pits and the maximum pit depth decreased significantly. Further, the cathodic protection can provide the electrochemical protection, while the synergistic effect of cathodic protection and inhibitor presented a resistance-electrochemical protection. Under the alternating temperature condition, the phase evolution caused by carbonation of 20MnSi steel was the main failure reason. However, the corrosion protection provided by cathodic protection and imidazoline inhibitor for 20MnSi steel can only be achieved by inhibiting the electrochemical reaction process. the corroded The auxiliary anode for cathodic protection carbon fiber composite grid cloth (GFRP), and the applied current 50 mA and 150 mA, respectively. The experimental results showed that the reinforcements inside the earth can be well protected by GFRP as an auxiliary anode, and the mechanical properties


A selfdesigned hardwareintheloop simulation(HILS) system of automotive electric power assist steering(EPAS) is introduced,which can be used to improve the efficiency of developing EPAS electronic control system.In this system, a personal computer provide virtual handling dynamics model and environment.Load torque computed based on driving conditions through DSP.An intelligent assist power system using 80196 microprocessor supports excellent realtime behavior of the system.


There is no efficient platform to implement the chatbot's graphic user interface (GUI), which has visual and emotional factors in the chatbot, resulting in difficulty in the GUI development, even though the aim for use of the chatbot is to implement intimate and emotional, i.e., humanlike agents bas...


This study aimed to measure the root length and surface area of cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea L.) by using computer vision technology (RGB Camera). This investigation was conducted by a transdisciplinary team made up of researchers from the agronomy, environmental, electronic, and computer vision fields. Researchers from the first two fields were responsible for obtaining biofertilizers by applying beneficial microbial consortia to household organic waste; in addition, to planting cabbage seeds with different amounts of biofertilizer. The last two fields were responsible for developing a system that would measure root length and root surface area by using image analysis. As a result, plants enriched with 20% and 25% of biofertilizers showed better performance in root length. In comparison, these plants, compared to the control group had 63% more surface area root and were 61% longer root. These results show that biofertilizers should be applied in adequate amounts to obtain higher root length and surface area. This is important since plant roots absorb water and nutrients for plant development and these functions depend on the length of roots and fine roots. In addition, it should be emphasized that conventional root measurement techniques are time-consuming and provide inaccurate data. This research presents a methodology where computer vision technology is applied to optimize the measurement process, providing accurate data in less time.


Development of the gold mining industry is associated with serious problems caused by deterioration of the quality of gold-bearing ore. Since rich ores are gradually depleted, lowgrade ores as well as those with more complex composition and concentrates come on stream (are used as raw materials). Therefore, the gold recovery from refractory gold-bearing raw materials becomes the most important problem. This article discusses various processing methods of refractory pyrite-arsenopyrite ores and concentrates, considering their advantages and disadvantages. These methods include the conventional technology, bio-oxidation, as well as high-temperature and low-temperature leaching with subsequent cyanide treatment. The drawbacks of these methods include the problems associated with the separation of the solid and liquid phases. Dehydration processes are an integral part of hydrometallurgical technologies. Ineffective phase separation process can lead to performance degradation of equipment and increased power consumption. The authors consider solutions to the problems related with the efficiency improvement of raw materials and the comprehensiveness of their use.


One of the most challenging aspects of tunnelling is prognostication of water leakages. Successful prediction of groundwater inflow would result in considerable economical saving in construction costs for future tunnel projects and give possibility for preventing potential damage to nearby environment and constructions. The prime objective has been to test hypotheses regarding the significance of geological parameters to predict water leakage in tunnels, and the secondary objective to evaluate the ability of site investigations to prognosticate water leakage in tunnels. Six Norwegian tunnels with different geological conditions have been selected for this research; the Romeriksporten, Frøya-, T-baneringen-, Lunner-, Skaugumand Storsand tunnels. Based on detailed study of these tunnels, main focus has been on testing the following hypotheses: 1. The water leakage is lower in rock mass with Q-values lower than 0.1, than in rock mass with Q-values between 0.1 and 10. 2. Water-bearing joints make an angle with nearby major faults of 45 15 . 3. Water-bearing discontinuities are sub-parallel with the largest principal stress. 4. Water leakage decreases with increasing rock cover. 5. Great thickness of permeable soil or a lake/sea above a tunnel gives high water leakage. 6. Igneous rocks give higher water leakage than other rock types. 7. Major rock type boundaries give high water leakage. 8. Large weakness zones give higher relative water leakage (inflow per 25 m) than narrow weakness zones. Encountered water leakages along the tunnels have been calculated for each 25 m long section, and compared with relevant geological parameters, in order to test the hypotheses. Results from site investigations carried out prior to and during excavation have been compared with water leakage encountered in the 6 tunnels that have been studied. An evaluation of the ability of site investigations to prognosticate water leakage in tunnels has been made for each tunnel. The Main conclusions regarding water inflow versus geological parameters are as follows: • Hypotheses No. 1, 3, 5 (regarding lake above tunnel) and 7 are supported. • Hypotheses No. 2 and 6 have low to medium support. • Hypotheses No. 4, 5 (regarding soil thickness) and 8 are not supported. ° ± °


Many species of pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) exhibit leaf-like appearance, leaf-mimic pygmy grasshoppers mainly characterized by having high pronotal crest (= elevated median carina). A new genus of leaf-mimic Cladonotinae, Deltonotusoides gen. nov., and a new species, Deltonotusoides strictivertex sp. nov. are described from Motuo, Xizang, China.


This study used structural equation modelling to examine the effects of socio-demographic variables and outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) among an ethnically diverse population of adult state-park visitors near Atlanta, Georgia, USA (N = 319). Data collected through intercept surveys at three state parks were used to examine interactions among potential predictors of PEB, including socio-demographics (ethnicity, gender, education, and income), outdoor recreation participation (during childhood and adulthood), and environmental value orientations (biocentric and anthropocentric). The best fitting model accounted for 40% of the variance in self-reported PEB and indicated the strongest positive relationship between adult outdoor recreation participation and PEB (β = 0.54, t = 5.70). Biocentric and anthropocentric value orientation scores were also significant antecedents of PEB (β = 0.17, t = 1.99, and β = 0.19, t = 2.56, respectively), and both were influenced by socio-demographic variables. Overall, results suggest that a diverse public's environmental ethos and propensity to engage in PEBs could be influenced by outdoor recreation opportunities.


COVID-19 has devasted many sectors of Indian economy including livestock sector which got more turmoil during the lockdown period. With an intuition to find out the appraisal of livestock management and health services accessed by the farmers and delivered by the private veterinary practitioners, the present study was conducted in Uttar Pradesh. The production parameters, viz. milk production, sell, consumption and utility pattern of milk similarly the pattern of milk supply chain was studied and compared before and during lockdown period. The results revealed that except milk consumption remaining parameters showed negative trend as compared to before lockdown, and dairy co-operative has played a major role in maintaining the milk supply chain during lockdown. The major constraints perceived by the farmers during lockdown were accessed and it was observed that increase in price of feed and fodder followed by fear of corona were major problems. The delivery of livestock services viz. AI, treatment, livestock extension and vaccination by the private veterinary practitioners was accessed and compared before lockdown and during lockdown period. The results revealed that less number of cases attended during lockdown due to low response from farmers for availing the service from them, and fear of corona virus.