Turkish coastlines is an important fishing ground for small and large scale fisheries due to having rich marine biodiversity since it is surrounded by four different characteristic seas i.e. Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea from north to south. Small-scale fisheries have been performed along the Turkish coasts for a long time and provide an important source of livelihood for the people. Especially in developing countries it enables some significant contributions such as nutrition, food security, sustainable livelihoods and poverty alleviation. Since the importance of sustaining small-scale fisheries is being increasingly recognized characteristics of small-scale fisheries have a great importance in order to make the regional sustainable management models due to its various local applications. This paper suggests that a framework known as the livelihoods approach can help bring a fuller understanding of small scale fishery. In this context, it has been examined and evaluated using official data and our field observations concerning on smallscale fisheries sustainability in Turkey. The paper also have discussed to set out some preliminary conclusions about the management of small scale fisheries from a livelihoods perspective including long term and current practices in order to develop regarding sustainable small-scale fisheries.


Catalytic combustion of VOCs was investigated over Mn–Zn mixed oxides supported on cordierite ceramic (Cord) and over the promoted Mn-Zn oxides with γ–Al2O3 coating. The properties and performance were characterized by using the XRD, SEM, BET, and TPD techniques. Mn-Zn oxides catalysts with different kinds of γ–Al2O3 sol coating were found to possess a high activity, and the Mn–Zn/γ–Al2O3/Cord (Mn/Zn=2) was identified as the most active that the temperature of complete combustion of toluene was 250°C. Effects of variation of preparation conditions, including molar ratio of Mn and Zn, loading, calcination temperature and different kinds of γ–Al2O3 dipping were investigated.


The authors retrospectively investigated the diagnostic performance of various laboratory tests for different subtypes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). The study results showed that bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan, serology by immunodiffusion test, and histology had the highest " sensitivity " for diagnosing CPA. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) titers differed signi fi - cantly between the different subtypes of CPA, with higher titers seen in the chronic fi brosing pulmonary aspergillosis and subacute invasive aspergillosis (SAIA) subtypes. Furthermore, C-reactive protein values were generally low, but higher in the SAIA subtype.


Objective
To investigate the CT features of early infection stage of thoracic and pulmonary paragonimiasis.

Methods
Medical records of 56 patients with thoracic and pulmonary paragonimiasis from January 2010 to June 2017 were collected, and the patients were diagnosed and treated at Yongjia County People's Hospital, and the results of laboratory examination and CT imaging features were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
The absolute value of eosinophils in peripheral blood of 56 patients was (5.61 ± 3.18) × 109/L, and the percentage of eosinophils was (35.90 ± 19.16)%, all of which increased to varying degrees. Forty-two patients had different degrees of pleural effusion and 52 cases with lung lesions. Lung lesions demonstrated one or several kinds of foci at the same time, randomly distributed in the lung field, mostly located in the sub-pleural lung tissue. There were 12 cases with pulmonary ground glass shadow, 4 cases with peribronchitis, 31 cases with pulmonary invasive lesions and 28 cases with pulmonary nodular/strip shadow. The size of most nodules were 0.5 - 1.0 cm, accompanied with halo sign.

Conclusions
The CT features of early infection stage of thoracic and pulmonary paragonimiasis are diverse. The size of 0.5 - 1.0 cm lung nodules with halo sign has certain characteristics in the diagnosis of paragonimiasis. Peribronchitis, infiltrative lesions, pleural effusion and increased peripheral blood eosinophil percentage can suggest diagnosis.

Key words:
Paragonimiasis; Thoracic diseases; Tomography, X-ray computed


The sense of sight is one of the human skills most important, which has allowed us to develop as human in different areas that exist today, every day the world will demand more, hence the importance of our sense of vision in good condition and of course from ages of schooling. If there is any visual failure would affect the different educational activities, reducing the learning ability is why the research project is focused on the examination of school children St. Francis of Arcadia, with a group of children 9 to 12 years, through the examination protocol REISVO (Epidemiological Network Iberoamericana for Visual Health and Ocular). The examination consists in detecting ametropies that would be affected students, through an established guide the visual acuity, oculomotor state, the vision of stereopsis (Titmus), color vision (Ishihara 24), the state took refractive (retinoscopy) and complementary examinations as the cover test, which will be explained later in the following chapters.
The values relate are interesting and relate if there is a learning disability. On the other hand the right optical treatment is important if it is required, not to have it be at a disadvantage against the world.


Here, the dispersion of edge surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes is expressed in terms of the elements of the conductivity tensor.


Most on-farm water management (OFWM) problems are not new. They have been a threat to agriculture in many countries around the globe in the last few decades. However, these problems have now grown larger and there is increasing public demand for the development and management of land and water to be ecologically sustainable as well as economic. As there is a close interrelationship between land use and water resources, farmers need to be aware of this interrelationship and adjust their OFWM efforts in order to address the issues. In their management efforts, they need to consider both the on-site and the off-site effects. This paper highlights holistic approaches in water management as being indispensable in the future. Present and future water-utilisation problems can only be solved on the basis of an intersectoral participatory approach to water management conducted at the level of the respective catchment area. In the context of this approach, farmers need to realise that they are part of an integral whole. The paper also lists a range of present and future challenges facing farmers, extension-ists, researchers, etc. in relation to OFWM efforts. Among the challenges are: the effects of the increasing competition for freshwater resources; the increasing influence of non-agricultural factors on farmers' land use decisions; the fragmentation of the labour process and its effects on farming skills; the information requirements of farmers; the participatory dissemination of information on OFWM; the process of changing permanently the agrarian structure; and the establishment of criteria of good and bad OFWM.


As a microwave near field probe for near field scanning optical microscope(NSOM) system, H-shaped(ridge type) small aperture is proposed and its performances from the viewpoints of the transmission efficiency(transmission cross section) and spatial confinement(beam spot size) are compared with those of the previous narrow rectangular aperture type. While the transmission efficiencies are comparable to each other for the two structures, the transmitted beam spot size for the proposed H-shaped aperture is much smaller than that for the previous rectangular aperture. This strong point of the H-shaped aperture is expected to significantly improve near-field optical applications such as optical data storage, nanolithography and nanomicroscopy. It is also observed that the transmission efficiency can be improved if the coupling aperture is implemented in the type of the transmission cavity.


Objective: determine if to prolonged hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes significantly the presence of pseudohyperkalemia (difference between serum to plasma potassium greater than 0.5 mEq/L) Patients: those with CKD on hemodialysis therapy for more than 12 months duration in whom persistent hyperkalemia is detected for more than three months. Materials and methods: simultaneous determination of serum and plasma potassium and in addition the variables serum sodium, arterial blood gases, complete blood count, fasting blood glucose, Kt / v and electrocardiogram Results: in 110 patients evaluated 17 met the inclusion criteria. In 13 of them (76.47%) we detected pseudohyperkalemia and in 4 (23.52%) true hyperkalemia (difference between serum to plasma potasium less than 0.5 mEq / L ). No significant differences between groups in the variables analyzed were detected. Conclusion: the pseudohyperkalemia represents a very important percentage of the report of hiperkalemias in CKD patients on hemodialysis therapy, and ideally plasma potasium has to be determined always in these patients. (Acta Med Colomb 2013; 38: 12-15).


Non Transmissible Diseases (NTD) currently have the highest impact in our country and in the world. These diseases are characterized by the same modifiable risk factors: unsuitable diet, nutritional condition of overweight and obesity, poor physical activity, smoking and high alcohol consumption.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the modifiable risk factors associated to the life style in both genders students in the Bromatology Superior Technician career at Colegio Nacional de Monserrat in Cordoba in 2018.
We carried out a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. The study sample included 83 young students (female and male). The paricipants completed a questionnaire regarding anthropometric measures (weight, height and waist circumference), alcohol intake, nutritional habits and physical activity. The data were analyezed InfoStat statistical software.
In the whole sample, 86.75% of the students expressed that they drink alcohol, 8.43% currently smoke, 96.39% do some type of physical activity, 57.83% reported appropriate fruit consumption, 61.45% appropriate vegetable consumption, 60.24% showed a suitable consumption of cereal and legumes. On the other hand, 18.07% showed poor consumption of meet and eggs and 55.42% reported a low consume of milk and dairy products. About the 25% of the sample showed a high consumption of fats and sugar. Sixty seven percent of the students presented a normal nutritional state and 85.54% reported a low cardiovascular threat.
In conclusion, a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors was found, all related to the alcohol intake and nutritional habits. The decrease in toxic habits, the increase of a suitable diet, connected with sustained physical activity would create a positive context to prevent NTD.


We discuss the infinite-dimensional algebras appearing in integrable perturbations of conformally invariant theories, with special emphasis on the structure of the consequent non-Abelian infinite-dimensional algebra generalizing W∞ to the case of a non-Abelian group. We prove that the pure left sector as well as the pure right sector of the thus-obtained algebra coincides with the conformally invariant case. The mixed sector is more involved, although the general structure seems to be near to being unraveled. We also find some subalgebras that correspond to Kac-Moody algebras. The constraints imposed by the algebras are very strong and, in the case of the massive deformation of a non-Abelian fermionic model, the symmetry alone is enough to fix the two- and three-point functions of the theory.


In the Middle Ages arbitration is the main dispute resolution tool between institutions, be they ecclesiastical bodies, political parties or municipal cities. The article focuses on a series of juridical features of this institute that have mostly influenced the sources we use to study this topic, their terminology and also their silences. The main question is the extent of freedom available to arbiters, and its link with another freedom typical of arbitration: that of dispensing, to some extent, with written procedure.


This report presents the mechanisms and tools supporting th e integration of a testing and a a debugging tool, that were developed in the context of a Copernicus proj ect. The integration allows to control the deterministic (re-)execution of distributed programs. Th e program (re-)execution is controled by the user that, at any time, is allowed to examine in more detail the pro gram state.


One-component,moisture-curing PU sealant was widely utilized for its convenience and excellent properties,but it was easy to be gelation when storage.In order to improve its storage stability,adding dehydrating agent into the sealant was a possible way.The experiment results showed that adding dehydrating agent into the sealant obviously improved its storage stability but prolonged the tack free time of sealant and increased its flow property.The reasons of the improvement of stability and the prolongation of tack free time were analyzed and the optimal amount of dehydrating agent was studied in this article.The research also indicated that the performances of PU sealant such as ultimate elongation,Shore-A hardness and shear strength,etc were affected little after adding dehydrating agent.


The fight that resisted SARS lasting several months was very arduous. On the one hand, SARS is threatening the mankind, on the other hand, it warns the whole society. We look back and savour the fight resisting SARS, we drew great inspiration from it. In order to construct and manage our hospital well, we should do as follows: First, we must standardize hospital for infectious diseases construction, make it accord with the demand of epidemic diseases prevention and cure. Second, we must deepen reform, establish united and efficient hospital management system. Third, We must set up reasonable and perfect hospital compensation system to promote hospital development well.


With an increasing demand for a natural, intuitive man-machine interaction in automated industry, the graphical programming with PLC is attracting many applications nowadays. Today, the requirement for wireless communication environments in industry is becoming a crucial issue in the industrial process. In this paper, a PC-based virtual instrument (VI) to carry out a remote monitoring and control for a precise riveting system via the wireless Internet has been developed. A good performance was verified by the real-time implementation results, and an illustrative demonstration was presented as well


produced by the ejection of Fe-Ni-C-B liquid alloy into circulating cold water containing 1 vol % of surface active agent. The rapidly quenched structures are the supersaturated r phase in the entire composition range of nickel for the Fe-Ni-5C-5B, and r+M23(B,C)s+M3(B,C) in the range below 0.40Ni/(Fe+Ni) and r+M23(B,C)s in the higher Ni concentration range for the Fe-Ni-C-B alloys above 10 % C and 10 % B. The sphericity of particles defined by the ratio of the minimum diameter to the maximum diameter is above 97 %. The diameter of particle (D) is about three times as large as that of orifice (2r) of the quartz nozzle. The size ratio is interpreted under the assumption that the fragmentation of ejected molten metal stream takes place in the progress of the oscillation leading to the increase and decrease in diameter at a localized position under the appropriate balance between the surface tension and the internal pressure of liquid. From the result that spherical particles are not formed in the cold water without the addition of surface active agent, a significant decrease in the surface tension of coolant by the addition of surface active agent is found to be essential factor for the formation of spherical liquid


Introduction Incidence and Prevalence Etiology Symptomatology Early Signs Slit Lamp Biomicroscopic Signs Keratoscopic Findings Classification Schemes Impact on Patients Progression Spectacle Correction Rigid Contact Lens Correction Hydrogel Contact Lens Correction Piggyback and Hybrid Contact Lens Systems Gas Permeable Scleral Lenses Contact Lens "Troubleshooting" Indications for Surgery Summary


The study was conducted to measure the pollutants of indoor
air and to identify the causes of pollution in existing
apartment houses. The measurement of indoor air pollution
 was made in 7 different apartment houses with various
location, size and occupancy period. The result of the
 measurement indicates that the Indoor Air Quality(IAQ)
 in existing apartment houses is related more with
surroundings of those buildings and the use pattern of
dwellers-including renovation of houses, use of particular
 products, frequency of ventilation, etc. - than with the
period of occupancy.


We characterize the cyclic behaviour of a threshold neural network defined by an iteration with memory. Our study is based on an algebraic approach that consists in defining an invariant associated with the dynamic of the network.


Fat‐rich fish such as salmon are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation, which affects the quality of the product. The compound α‐tocopherol is widely used as an antioxidant added directly to food or through the incorporation in active packaging besides having activity of vitamin E, which is an essential nutrient to the human body absorbed from food. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the montmorillonite (MMT15A) and α‐tocopherol migration potential and antioxidant effect of chitosan/MMT15A/α‐tocopherol active films on reduction of lipid oxidation in fresh salmon. Chitosan films incorporated with MMT15A (0 and 1 g/100 g) and α‐tocopherol (0, 10, and 15 g/100 g) were applied on the fresh salmon for 8 days. Samples of salmon wrapped in films 3 and 6 (10% tocopherol and 1% MMT15A + 15%tocopherol, respectively) showed the lower values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at eighth storage day at 4°C. Film 6 (1% MMT15A and 15% tocopherol) showed better result on reduction in water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and controlled release of tocopherol. All the films containing MMT15A presented migration of minerals (Mg and Si) for the salmon during the 8 days. Thus, the use of this film for release of active substances is a promising alternative for application as food packaging in order to obtain nutritionally fortified foods and inhibit oxidation reactions.


An 8-year-old right-handed girl with a history of declining school performance presented to the emergency center with acute onset altered mental status. For 3 weeks, the former straight A student had been failing classes, but her family noted no changes in her personality or ability to perform activities of daily living. On the night of presentation, the patient was found minimally responsive, lying in vomitus. She aroused briefly with stimulation but was limp.

Her past medical history was significant for a full-term birth without complications, normal acquisition of developmental milestones, and no chronic medical conditions. She took no medications. She had no unusual food or animal exposures and had not traveled overseas. Her family had no history of seizures, strokes, blood clots, cancer, rheumatologic disorders, or recurrent miscarriages. On examination, she was afebrile with normal vital signs. Her examination was significant only for lethargy and bilateral papilledema. Initial workup revealed a normal complete blood count, electrolytes, and blood glucose.

### Question for consideration:

1. What is the most appropriate next diagnostic study?

GO TO SECTION 2

An emergent CT of the …


In the present study, carrot juice prepared was added into skimmed milk before fermentation to produce 10% and 20% (w/w) carrot-fortified skim milk. The influence of carrot juice on the lactic acid content, chemical composition, syneresis, texture, rheology property, and microstructure was evaluated along with a potential of carrot juice as an ingredient with rich dietary fiber and a firm structure with interaction of milk protein and a complex matrix under acidification. The results showed that the pH of yoghurt significantly (

 P
 <
 0.01

 ) reduced with carrot juice addition, minimizing fermentation time by nearly 1 h and brought about an enhanced postacidification during the storage period while titratable acidity increased. Moreover, carrot juice addition had no significant effect on ferric reducing power and phenolic content (

 P
 >
 0.05

 ). With 10% and 20% level carrot juice added, the total phenolic content (mg GAEkg−1) increased (37.86 and 38.92, respectively) compared with control (36.91) (

 P
 <
 0.05

 ). Besides, the addition of carrot juice also showed reduced syneresis, increased apparent viscosity and viscoelastic modulus, stable texture, and a refined microstructure. Overall, this study confirmed that carrot juice has a potential as natural and nutrient composition to obtain firm and compact texture and enhance the beneficial quality of yoghurt.


Every scientific project is a result of efforts of professionals from different working areas on the basis of their combined knowledge implementation. In the view of the team work significance for IT professional career, it was proposed as the main active learning method in the course from IT educational university programme. To engineer effective teams, SNA-methodology was implemented. In this study, the comprehensive information technology and software instruments for its support have been used for this problem solution. Comparative analysis of two different frameworks was carried out which has given one more educational effect. These joint studies which involve students into professional and scientific activity are very useful for educating real specialists. Keywords—SNA-methodology, network, team work, software, educational programme


[1] The regional circulation in the vicinity of Monterey Bay is complex and highly variable. We use a one-way coupled, nonhydrostatic version of the Dietrich Center for Air Sea Technology (DieCAST) ocean model to simulate the regional circulation. Seasonally varying local wind stress, topographic irregularities, coastal upwelling, and forcing from the open ocean are all important in this region. Satellite imagery often shows a cyclonic eddy inside the bay and an anticyclonic eddy outside the bay. The offshore anticyclonic eddy is also associated with a year-round anticyclonic eddy over the Monterey Submarine Canyon (MSC). The offshore eddy is better organized during winter. It is found that the California Undercurrent (200-400 m) does not enter the bay itself but is diverted offshore past the entrance of the bay, presumably to reform farther north along the coast. The main branch flows northward contributing to the deep anticyclonic eddy located approximately 50 km offshore of Monterey Bay. The simulations show that vertical motion is greater during summer than winter, as expected. During spring upwelling, the deep waters often upwell along the walls of the canyon and then spread and mix with surrounding waters. The deep circulation enhances mixing significantly due to the topography. We further investigate the regional circulation by comparing it with the cases where the deep canyon was filled gradually. Vortex stretching over the canyon just beyond the entrance to Monterey Bay and along the adjacent continental slopes contributes to cyclonic circulation at deeper levels. Vertical sections of velocity along the axis of MSC indicate horizontal and vertical patterns of flow that are generally consistent with past observations on the circulation of Monterey Bay.


Objective: To expand the limb saving surgery by free vascularised fibular graft for bone tumor resection, especially, which occurs on the area involving articulate surface of shoulder or wrist. Method: Use free vascularised fibular grafts with fibular head as substitutes for reconstruction and limb salvage after resection for bone tumor occur on 10 proximal humerus and 5 distal radius. Result: All fibular grafts united within six months and were regarded as an ideal substitute because of its bone shape. Postoperatively, both outlook and function of shoulders and wrists have good results. Conclusion: In the procedure on reconstruction and limb salvage after bone tumor resection of proximal humerus or distal radius, the free vascularised fibular graft with fibular head is an ideal subsitute.


Intraepithelial vaginal neoplasias represent 0.4% of the intraepithelial diseases of the lower genital tract. In order to evaluate the advantages of vaginal administration for such disorders, we used an animal model and it was assessed: the hepatic function, by measuring the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), the renal function, by assessing the plasma level of the urea, creatinine and uric acid and the modification of certain oxidative stress parameters, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the level of lipid peroxidation through the malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) for a new formulation of mucobioadhesive tablets with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus the oral administration of equivalent dosages, 6 respectively 20 mg/kg body weight. The assessed parameters for the two doses compared to control were: ASAT [UI/L] 137.71 ± 12.85 and 172.57 ± 25.47, control 103.43 ± 10.18, uric acid [mg/dL] 0.92 ± 0.09 and 2.18 ± 0.12, control 0.87 ± 0.47, Gpx [µmol GSSG/min/mL] 3.50 ± 0.63 and 4.03 ± 0.62, control 3.01 ± 0.50, GSH [µg/mL] 32 ± 2.51 and 21.5 ± 10.56, control 40 ± 5.29, MDA [µmol/mL] 0.81 ± 0.11 and 0.97 ± 0.24, control 0.50 ± 0.09. The intravaginal administration of 6 mg/kg body weight 5-FU generated small modifications at the renal and hepatic level compared to the oral administration of the equivalent dosages and induced a smaller level of oxidative stress.


In this paper, spatially high-order Residual-Distribution (RD) schemes using the first-order hyperbolic system method are proposed for general time-dependent advection-diffusion problems. The corresponding second-order time-dependent hyperbolic advection- diffusion scheme was first introduced in [NASA/TM-2014-218175, 2014], where rapid convergences over each physical time step, with typically less than five Newton iterations, were shown. In that method, the time-dependent hyperbolic advection-diffusion system (linear and nonlinear) was discretized by the second-order upwind RD scheme in a unified manner, and the system of implicit-residual-equations was solved efficiently by Newton's method over every physical time step. In this paper, two techniques for the source term discretization are proposed; 1) reformulation of the source terms with their divergence forms, and 2) correction to the trapezoidal rule for the source term discretization. Third-, fourth, and sixth-order RD schemes are then proposed with the above techniques that, relative to the second-order RD scheme, only cost the evaluation of either the first derivative or both the first and the second derivatives of the source terms. A special fourth-order RD scheme is also proposed that is even less computationally expensive than the third-order RD schemes. The second-order Jacobian formulation was used for all the proposed high-order schemes. The numerical results are then presented for both steady and time-dependent linear and nonlinear advection-diffusion problems. It is shown that these newly developed high-order RD schemes are remarkably efficient and capable of producing the solutions and the gradients to the same order of accuracy of the proposed RD schemes with rapid convergence over each physical time step, typically less than ten Newton iterations.


A process for producing mechanical power utilizing compressed and humidified hot air and a fuel, which are mixed together and combusted and the resulting hot combustion gas is expanded through a gas turbine. The air is initially compressed and intercooled against a water stream, and then further compressed and passed directly to a heat recovery unit where it is humidified using the water from the compressed air intercooling step. The compressed humidified air is further heated against hot turbine exhaust gas and combined with a fuel in a combustor, and the resulting hot combustion gas is expanded through a gas turbine to produce mechanical power needed for driving the air compression. The hot turbine exhaust gas is cooled countercurrently against the compressed humidified air stream and against the water stream, and then discharged to the atmosphere. By eliminating a usual separate air aftercooling and saturator unit upstream of the air combined humidifying and heating step, process thermal efficiency for the present process is increased and equipment cost reduced.


Northern Ghana has been a pilot region for implementing drinking water programs. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) has acted as a key player in constructing hand pumps and small-town water systems, as well as in designing institutional frameworks for their delivery and management, which have been subsequently up-scaled to national level. Water rights are neither uniform nor immune to institutional drawbacks. The ethnographic study analyzes the history of water supply in a rural settlement from the mid-1960s through to 2012, and outlines the evolution of local law. It shows that water development is a non-progressive, multi-directional and hegemonic process that is driven by institutional bricolage and rule making in external and local political arenas.


Histochemically identifiable amyloid associated with actinic keratosis was studied with the electron microscope. Typical amyloid filaments forming islands identical to collagen strands were found in the upper dermis. Beyond the lesion of actinic keratosis, no amyloid was found. In the healing wound of a previously biopsied lesion, amyloid was regenerated only when the epidermis covered the wound. In such epidermis-covered granulation tissue, electron-dense amorphous substance was initially formed in the upper dermis and amyloid filaments subsequently emerged within it. In both original and regenerated lesions, perivascular spaces were free from amyloid, and actinic elastosis was absent. It was concluded that secondary amyloidosis associated with actinic keratosis is produced by local fibroblastic cells under an abnormal influence of the epidermis.


on which this study is based give a clear understanding of how learning grammar in context helps learners improve English grammar. This study also considers some theories related to the development of strategies and techniques to improve the teaching-learning grammar process. The instruments of the This research study focuses on the development of activities to teach grammar in context to students of Eighth Year of Basic Education at Fray Vicente Solano High School. The theories research study are questionnaires, a pre-test, and a post-test. After finishing the application of grammar activities in context, the results obtained from this research prove that learners do learn grammar better when it is presented in context, not in isolation. Therefore, grammar activities based on meaningful contexts give learners the opportunity to improve the learning of grammar and also lead them to authentic interaction inside and outside the classroom setting.


OBJECTIVE To study risk factors of parenteral fistula complicated with peritoneal infections and analyze the distribution of the main pathogens and the drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics so as to reduce the infection rate.METHODS A total of 119cases of intestinal fistula patients complicated with peritoneal infections,who were treated in the hospital from Jan to Oct 2002,were enrolled in the study,the abdominal drainage pus was sampled for bacterial culture,the ABBott(MS-2System)System was employed for the identification of bacteria and antibiotics susceptibility testing,then the risk factors for abdominal infections and the characteristics of drug resistance were analyzed.RESULTS Escherichia coli,Emterococcus faecium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus epidermidis,and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the main pathogens causing the parenteral fistula complicated with peritoneal infections,accounting for 23.02%,7.19%,7.19%,7.19%,6.48%,6.84%,and 6.84%,respectively;the gram-negative bacteria accounted for 58.63%,and the gram-positive bacteria accounted for 41.37%.The positive rate of the gram-negative bacteria to extended spectrumβ-lactamase was 46.01%,the drug resistance rate of E.coli was higher than that of K.pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae,the drug resistance rates to amikacin,cefoperazone,and imipenem were low,and imipenem showed highly antibacterial effect;the drug resistance rate of the P.aeruginosato amikacin,cefoperazone,and imipenem were less than 30.0%;the drug resistance rates of the A.baumannii to cefotaxime and cefoperazone were less than 30.0%;the drug resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to ciprofloxacin was 18.18%,cefoperazone 36.36%;the drug resistance rate of the gram-positive bacteria to teicoplanin was 0;the drug resist-ance rate of the S.aureus was higher than that of the S.epidermidis,and the drug resistance rate to rifampicin was 0,all the S.aureus strains were the methicillin-resistant S.aureus;the drug resistance rate of the E.faecium was higher than that of the E.faecalis;the drug resistance rate of the penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus to ampicillin was low,and the drug resistance rate to vancomycin was 0.CONCLUSIONThe gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing the parenteral fistula complicated with peritoneal infections,the positive rate of ESBLs is up to 46.0%.In addition to the surgical treatment such as the change of drainage approach,it is necessary for the parenteral fistula patients complicated with peritoneal infections to reasonably use antibiotics.


![Figure][1]

Cataglyphis ant dragging a dead spider backwards. Photo credit: Matthias Wittlinger.

Scampering across the salt pans of Tunisia on their spindly legs, desert ants ( Cataglyphis fortis ) have a single-minded mission: locate food and get it back to the nest. Normally, individual


Local IP Access (LIPA) is, IP enabled user equipment connected via the femtocell (UE) is to allow direct access to other IP-enabled devices in the local IP network. Selected IP traffic offload (SIPTO) is used to offload the selected type of IP traffic towards closer prescribed IP network attachment point of the UE to access the network. LIPA PDN connectivity, giving access to services located in the local IP network femtocells subsystem, illustrating the PDP context or PDN connection. SIPTO PDN connectivity enables offloading of the selected type of IP traffic towards closer prescribed IP network attachment point of the UE to the access network, indicating the PDP context or PDN connection.


David FEENY1–3, William FURLONG1,2, Raymond K. MULHERN4, Ronald D. BARR5 and Melissa HUDSON4,6 1Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada 2Health Utilities Inc., Dundas, Ontario, Canada 3Department of Economics, McMaster University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Institute of Pharmaco-Economics, Edmonton, Canada 4Division of Behavioral Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA 5Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medicine, McMaster University and Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Canada 6Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA


Shot boundary detection (SBD) is the basis of interpreting video content, event, and relevant knowledge. As existing SBD algorithms are sensitive to video object motion and no reliable solution exists to provide accurate shot boundary detection, it still remains an unsolved problem. We propose a new algorithm of shot boundary detection in this paper, which employs support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier to detect shot boundary. The proposed SBD algorithm introduces the concept of the visual attention features based on the research results of psychology, which presents advantages in its robustness to video object motion. Extensive experimental results carried out on the TRECVID 2007 database show that the proposed algorithm works well in detecting shot boundary measured by both recall and precision.


As the MBA program at the University of South Carolina grew, the task of assigning students to summer field study project teams became more complex. Administrators spent an increasing amount of time struggling with the conflicting objectives of attempting to satisfy student preferences while maintaining some control over the quality and composition of the resulting teams. We developed and implemented a decision support system to automate the process of forming good feasible teams quickly. Using these preliminary assignments as a starting point, administrators can examine preference versus quality trade-offs in arriving at the final assignments with minimal amounts of time and effort.


This chapter contains sections titled: A World without Wires, Connections Count, The Rise of Protocols and Platforms, The IoT Meets the Real World, Home Automation Gets Real, A Healthy Outlook, Money Matters, Planes, Trains, and Automobiles, A New Era of Shopping Emerges, Putting Connections to Work


Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Philippines. The structure of the TB control delivery system in the Philippines is devolved that has led to some significant gaps in responding to the health needs of the population across the country.The study was carried out to assess how municipalities implement TB programs using the local health systems model; and to document existing policies and initiatives in the local government units. It also applied a desk review of existing practices in 20 municipalities, plus key informant interviews with 15 mayors, 20 municipal health officers and 15 TB coordinators. Findings indicated that less than a quarter of municipalities had investment plan for health on TB and 41% had local policy supporting TB program. Additionally, 25% had specifically allocated budget for TB, 82% had their facilities accredited by PhilHealth, and 59% had inadequate number of health workers for TB program. About 18% had x-ray facilities, and 41% had enough supply and buffer of medicines. Eighteen per cent (18%) had actively engaged private and government hospitals for TB program, and 100% did not screen TB patients for HIV. Data showed the gaps in the municipal health systems to address TB issues. Thus, local leaders must be capacitated and supported by stakeholders to strengthen service delivery for TB. This underscores the big role of local leadership in TB prevention and control program being the frontline policy maker and service provider.


A total of 154.7 m of clastic rocks described herein from Bargat El Shab area in southwestern Egypt is considered a type section for the Nubia Sandstone. The section is divided into three members: Shab, Quseir, and Taref. At the type locality a fossiliferous Paleocene limestone unit marks the top of the Nubia Sandstone and a Precambrian granite is at the base. The age of the Nubia Sandstone ranges from pre-Maestrichtian to Paleocene.


These problems are indicative of the gap observed in the effective application of formal standards of direction, conduct and defense of the thesis. We show the impact of the effective or random responsibility of the thesis director on the conduct of the thesis by the doctoral student. The decryption of these problems sheds useful light for understanding the environment of university research in Cameroon. The theoretical and managerial recommendations formulated are oriented towards six main thematic axes: the forward-looking management of the number of students and university teachers; the profile of the thesis supervisor; the financing of thesis projects and remuneration of the thesis directors; the academic follow-up of doctoral students; facilitating access to scientific documentation; the anti-plagiarism control of the theses before the defense.


Changing a program in a validated environment requires review and documentation. Maintaining validation documentation for programs that require changes to macro variable assignments or LIBNAMEs with each submission can become tedious. There are also the additional risks of users making unintentional changes to the source code, or providing unexpected values to macro parameters. Accepting specifications through a Graphic User Interface (GUI) at run-time allows the program both the flexibility to dynamically modify parameters within the code, and ensure only valid values are provided for parameters. Using VBScript and VBScript within an HTML application (HTA) provides functionality to collect user input and pass the values to SAS® programming environment. This approach leverages simple VBScript functions, the familiar file dialog boxes used in Microsoft Office applications, and allows custom form creation with a variety of controls to meet most business needs.


This study aims at presenting two case reports of patients having intrusive luxation injuries of the primary incisors. Patients were followed since emergency...


An analytical approximation is obtained to the solution of the equation describing the combined effects of bluntness and boundary-layer displacement on the hypersonic flow over a wedge for the case where the constant parameter in the governing equation, which is proportional to the angle of attack, is greater than zero. It is shown that the approximation has good physical accuracy over the entire range of conditions to which the theory is applicable for positive angle of attack.


The article proposes the construct of the joint regulation of behavior. The author makes an analysis of its structure that expresses the process of mutual adjustment and coordination of the regulatory resources of a married couple.


This article examines the perceptions of preschool teachers in reference to their role regarding their students. According to literature, the social contexts present in the school unit (Ahonen, Pyhältö, Pietarinen, & Soini, 2014; Avgitidou, & Gourgiotou, 2016; Matsagouras, & Poulou, 2009), with which teachers interact, influence the formation of their perceptions of their role (Ahonen et al., 2014; Broeder, & Stokmans, 2012; Burke, 1997; Konstantinou, 2015; Samuel, & Stephens, 2000). The qualitative method was followed for the design of the research tool and its analysis. The study involved 47 preschool teachers serving in public kindergartens in Western Greece. Preschool teachers' perceptions of their role in relation to children were derived using an open-ended questionnaire, in which they were asked to report some metaphors or metaphorical images descriptive of their role. The NVivo-8 qualitative analysis software was utilized for data analysis. The results of the study revealed six main categories regarding the perceptions of preschool teachers about their role in relation to students.  Article visualizations:


The development of a Microsoft Excel-compatible Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) sizing analysis "tool" for conceptual design of Mars human exploration missions makes it possible for a user to choose a certain technology in the corresponding subsystem. This tool estimates the mass, volume, and power requirements of every technology in a subsystem and the system as a whole. Furthermore, to verify that a design sized by the ECLSS Sizing Tool meets the mission requirements and integrates properly, mass balance models that solve for component throughputs of such ECLSS systems as the Water Recovery System (WRS) and Air Revitalization System (ARS) must be developed. The ARS Mass Balance Model will be discussed in this paper.


, is explored by Andrew Louth (pp. 279–97). Comparing accounts of fate and providence in Plato, Middle Platonists such as Alcinous, early Christian writers and subsequent Neoplatonism, Louth μnds that 'the doctrine seems to be central to the sense of a ̧nity many early Christians appear to have found with Plato and Platonism' (p. 280; cf. 288). A. Mohr (pp. 299–322) revisits the question of Jerome's seemingly inconsistent attitude towards classical literature: considered in their proper literary and historical contexts, she argues, 'neither the rejection of the classics in Letter 22 nor the acceptance in Letter 70 can be taken at face value simply and solely as expressions of Jerome's attitude to classical culture ... Rather than helplessly oscillating between two extremes, Jerome seems never to have swerved from the opinion that to read the classical authors for themselves is not the work of a Christian' (p. 312). None the less, Jerome (a former pupil of the Virgilian Aelius Donatus) sought to justify his qualiμed appropriation of pagan culture by allegorical interpretation of the image of the captive maiden in Deuteronomy 21.10–13, and Mohr cites a number of instances where '[t]he scenario is Virgil's, the message is totally Jerome's' (p. 317). The tradition of asceticism links Jerome with the in·uential monastic legislator John Cassian, whose instituta Aegyptiorum form the subject of the μnal chapter, by R.J. Goodrich (pp. 323–38). Goodrich notes that '[a]ntiquity was Cassian's key argument for his ascetic legislation' (p. 325), and reveals that, far from constituting an objective account of the development of monasticism, '[t]he instituta Aegyptiorum were, in fact, a rhetorical device that Cassian employed to create an authoritative basis for his ascetic ideas' (p. 333). Readers will no doubt single out particular essays for attention according to their own interests (an outcome perhaps anticipated in the placing of individual bibliographies after each chapter, rather than collated at the end of the volume, though the former seems to be the publisher's standard practice); but every item here is worth reading, and taken together the essays in this volume give a good idea of the kind of work currently being done in this area. S. might justiμably follow Cassiodorus (Inst. 1.2.1) in claiming quaedam frusta disertissimorum uirorum [feminarumque, in the case of Chahoud, Mohr and Whitby] uelut in uno quodam uestimento contexui, ut membratim possit adunata collectione cognosci, quod sub uno corpore nequaquam potuit inueniri.


Stress corrosion cracking is an important and complex mode of failure in high-performance structural metals operating in deleterious environments, due to metallurgical, mechanical, and electrochemical factors. Depending on the material/solution system, the stress corrosion cracking mechanism may involve a combination of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and anodic dissolution. In this article, a numerical model for predicting the mechanical behavior of hydrogen-induced damage in stress corrosion cracking is described. The methodology of modeling used in this study is based on the thermodynamics of continuum solids and elastoplastic damage. This model is based on a stress corrosion mechanism that occurs through the simultaneous interaction of hydrogen and plasticity. This mechanism is also called hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity, which is a viable mechanism for hydrogen embrittlement. The model is applied to the fatigue damage problems of nuclear reactor pipe, and the results are compared with published fatigue life data obtained experimentally.


The discourse functions of marked initial elements in English declarative sentences will be examined in their textual and pragmatic aspects.Parameters influencing discourse functions of marked initial elements include textual and pragmatic ones.Discourse functions here are taken to be additional elements of meaning introduced in the propositional content of sentences with normal word order and the contribution of marked initial elements to the context in which the sentence is used.Based on this,two basic types will be identified:pragmatic functions of achieving prominence and emphasis,and textual ones, which chiefly deal with linking with the preceding and the following text and rearranging of elements within a sentence.


2014 Two new experiments for thermal diffusivities measurements without using thermocouples are proposed. In both experiments the sample is excited by a radiative beam modulated in sine mode : in the first experiment the observed quantity is a sound detected by a microphone; in the second experiment one uses the thermal deflection of laser beam passing close to the sample and in a parallel direction to its surface. Revue Phys. Appl. 17 (1982) 201-207 AVRIL 1982, PAGE Classification Physics Abstracts 78.20Bh 78.20Nc 44.30


Characterization of the polychaete annelids communities throughout a gradient of depth in the Ancao region (Algarve - Portugal). This study reports on the distribution of polychaete assemblages in the region of the "Ancao", off the Faro - Quarteira coast (Algarve, South of Portugal). It was developed in four sampling stations at different depths (14, 21, 22 and 29 meters). Stations with a similar sediment type, essentially coarse sand, where choose in order to enhance the depth gradient effect. For this study we have used both, sediment environment (depth, grain size, organic matter, water content, phytopigments), and community describers (specific richness, abundances, diversity and evenness). The sampling campaigns had been done on board of the "NI Donax" (INRB-IPIMAR), and samples were collected with Shipek and Van Veen grabs. A total of 1118 individuals, from 27 polychaetes families were obtained. Despite of the 112 taxa found, six of them account more than 50% of the total abundance: Pisione remota, Goniada maculata, Eunice vittata, Sphaerosyllis campoy, Hyalinoecia bilineata and Protodorvillea kefersteini. Species richness, diversity and evenness had increased until 22 m depth. The trophic function "carnivores" was predominant, followed by "deposit-feeders" and "herbivores". Considering the characteristics of the studied stations regarding faunal groups and sediment parameters differences, we can associate them to the infralittoral (14 m) and circalittoral (21, 22 and 29 m) zones.


"Ecumenicity" without irony, recounts various controversies and splits with those among their number who promote "American" or evangelical efforts to broaden its vision and outreach. Hart and Muether (who even question the value of Sunday schools) represent the party that glories in the denomination's resistance to broader American trends, which they see as undermining the strict theology of the Westminster Assembly. They also follow Machen in opposing all church political agendas including the "theonomy" movement (some of whose leaders the OPC has harbored). So they can celebrate a success that is not measured in numbers or influence, but by confessional orthodoxy.


Background: There is not much scientific evidence available about this application of kinesiotaping (KNT) due to it being a new and recent technique of application in physiotherapy world. This study is pioneer in demonstrating the effectiveness of KNT in shortening deadlines of recuperation time after a cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Objectives: To demonstrate the capacity of KNT to recover the correct muscular tone in hamstrings and this make a reduction in recovery times after an ACL surgery in athletes. Material and methods: Selected for this randomised clinical trial multicentre a total of 36 patients, all of them athletes and that have had suffered and ACL surgery, divided randomly in two different groups (1) conventional treatment + KNT and (2) conventional treatment + placebo taping. Variables to analyse will be measured at the beginning of the treatment, every month, and from fifth month every week until treatment is finished. Expected results: patients who are established in group two treatment (KNT) reflect better results concerning functionality range joint motion, pain, and above all recovery deadline. With these possible results we could define KNT as an adequate technique for the ACL treatment to reduce recovery time in athletes.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to the separation and identification of urinary tract infection prevention and plant proanthocyanidin extract for the treatment and specific proanthocyanidin compounds caused by P-type E. coli. These extracts can be obtained from the family Ericaceae, Rosaceae, Pinaceae, any proanthocyanidin-containing plant, including plants, such as Vitaceae. Extract, cranberry plants (especially Vaccinium macrocarpon) and other plant, in particular, are preferred from Vaccinium species fruits and berries plants. Proanthocyanidin extracts and compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, food additives and food compositions, especially beverages, are provided as ground meat preparation or cranberry-containing food. The present invention further relates to a method for detecting a process, method and P-type bacteria reducing P-type E. coli contamination in ground meat to reduce the pathogenicity of P-type E. coli bovine digestive tract.


Gestational diabetes affects 3-14% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied. Indian ethnic groups have shown to have an escalating incidence of GDM. Glucose intolerance during pregnancy predisposes the offspring for increased risk of developing glucose intolerance in the future in addition to various other complications like cardiac problems. A case control study was conducted among pregnant ladies admitted in VIMS Hospital. 45 cases and 90 controls were selected and interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data was statistically analyzed with Chi-square test for finding association. The strength of association, so found, was estimated with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression was also done to remove the effect of confounding. Analysis with binary logistic regression gave the following findings: GDM is significantly associated only with previous history of GDM (P value=0.001, Adjusted OR=17.332), family history of Diabetes mellitus (P value= 0.004, OR=6.249), previous history of Caesarian sections (P value=0.006, OR=5.886). The major risk factors for developing gestational diabetes mellitus in our setup are history of gestational diabetes mellitus in previous pregnancies, family history of diabetes mellitus and history of caesarian sections.


Parameter selection for kernel functions is important to the robust classification performance of a support vector machine (SVM). This paper introduces a parameter selection method for kernel functions in SVM. The proposed method tries to estimate the class separability by cosine similarity in the kernel space. The optimal parameter is defined as the one that can maximize the between-class separability and minimize the within-class separability. The experiments for several kernel functions are conducted on eight benchmark datasets. The results demonstrate that our method is much faster than grid search with comparable classification accuracy. We also found that the proposed method is an extension of a reported method in reference [2].


Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of intensive glycemic control on the reduction of the incidence of acute renal injury in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Randomized clinical trial, evaluating 95 patients undergoing two glycemic control strategies. Patients were randomized to the intervention n group (IG), with the goal of maintaining postoperative glycemia between 90 and 110 mg/dl. For patients allocated into the conventional group (CG) the goal was to maintain glycaemia between 140 and 180 mg/dl. The insulin [...]


The article gives the analysis of experimental date, obtained in the trials of ARRI of maize in the sufficiently moisturized region of Stavropol Kray in the years of 2005-2015. The object of study was the middle early maize hybrid 'Mashuk 250SV'. During the plot-trials we studied the effect of the elements of cultivation technology (tillage, sowing term, density of stand, fertilizing, herbicides) on the productivity of hybrid grain. It has been established that the molding plowing on the depth of 22-25 cm in the autumn supplies the higher yield of grain, than the surface tillage (disc plowing) on 10-12 cm. The grain productivity reduced on 7.3% when the technology of plowing was changed from the moldboard treatment into the surface one. The pre-sowing fertilizing with N 3 0  P 3 0  K 3 0  was the most efficient after the moldboard plowing than after the disc plowing. The grain productivity on the fertilized soil plowed with a moldboard was higher on 9.2% than on the soil plowed with a disc. The pre- sowing nitrogen fertilizing of N 6 0  increased the grain productivity on 0.42t/ha. You can sow the hybrid in the period of 15-30 April, but the sowings in the middle of April give the greatest yield of grain. It has been determined that the best density of plant stand is 70.000 pieces per ha. To protect the yields from the weeds you can use the following postemergence herbicides: 'MayesTer (0.15kg/ha), the grain productivity increase was 32.1%; 'TitusPlus' (0.35kg/ha), the grain productivity increase was 38.8%; 'Kassius' (0.04kg/ha) with Aminopelik' (0.6 l/ha), the grain productivity increase was 33.8%.


We report a total third-order intermodulation distortion elimination method for analog photonics link based on integrated dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. Theoretical analysis and experiment verification of 33.57 dB suppression are both carried out.


By social relation and mental health questionnaire,a survey is made to collect information about social support and mental health of 548 junior high school students from different quality schools.The results show the key school students differ greatly from the normal school students in social support:the former perceive much more social support than the latter,and also the former experience much less conflict and punishment from their parents and teachers;adults(chiefly mothers)are the first source of social support for key school students,and companions are the first source of social support for normal school students;the key school students are better than the normal schools students in mental health.Therefore,adults(chiefly parents and teachers)should give more social support to the normal school students,thus promoting their mental development.


The increasing water scarcity affects the agricultural sector, and it is a significant constraining factor for crop production in many areas of the world. Water resource management and use related to crop productivity is the most important factor in many crops. Since consumer demands healthy food, the nutritive quality and the active ingredient need to be considered within the productive issue. The objective of this study was to determine water technical efficiency related to seed yield and seed protein content and composition in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under water stress using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The study was conducted in Chillan, Chile in two growing seasons. As water availability increased, seed yield, globulin, and albumin yield increased, particularly in the genotype Cahuil. The higher average efficiency levels for the DEA were 46.7% and 39.2% in Cahuil in both seasons at 20% available water (AW). The highest average efficiency of globulin yield was recorded in the same genotype (Cahuil). The highest multi-product technical efficiency levels in all input and output included in this study were observed in Cahuil, Regalona, and Morado under water scarcity in both seasons. In future studies related to crop management, DEA provides a good framework for estimating efficiency under restricted factors and multi-product results.


ABOUT THE ISSUES OF LEGISLATION IN THE SPHERE OF APPLICATION
WITH INFORMATION ON PERSONAL LIFE OF AN INDIVIDUAL
M. GUBICH


Preface Foreword Contributors The Role of Immune Tolerance in Allergy Prevention: Fritsche, R Prevention of Food Allergy during Late Infancy and Early Childhood: Schmitz, J Celiac Disease: Effect of Weaning on Disease Risk: Hernell, O. Forsberg, G. Hammarstrom, M.-L. Hammarstrom, S. Ivarsson, A Gut Microbiota in Infants between 6 and 24 Months of Age: Salminen, S. Gueimonde, M Malabsorption of Carbohydrates: Kneepkens, C.M.F. Hoekstra, J.H Chronic Nonspecific Diarrhea of Childhood: Kleinman, R.E Development of Motility: Staiano, A. Boccia, G Motility and Allergy: Bueno, L The Role of Dietary Fiber in Childhood and Its Applications in Pediatric Gastroenterology: Kokke, F.T.M. Taminiau, J.A.J.M. Benninga, M.A Early Influences on Taste Preferences: Leathwood, P. Maler, A Junk Food or 'Junk Eating'?: Gracey, M Does Nutrition during Infancy and Early Childhood Contribute to Later Obesity via Metabolic Imprinting of Epigenetic Gene Regulatory Mechanisms?: Waterland, R.A Long-Term Effects of Weaning Habits: Type-1 Diabetes: Vaarala, O What Is Known? Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Complementary Feeding: Michaelsen, K.F Educational Recommendations for Processed Foods for Infant Feeding: Aggett, P Recommendations for Physicians and Parents: Heymans, H.S.A Subject Index.


This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of resveratrol and methoxylated resveratrol extracted from branch of Morus alba L. on the quality of chicken thigh meat during cold storage. For 35 days, 1-day-old 320 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into 8 groups and supplemented the diet; basal diet only (BD), BD with antibiotics (AB), vitamin E 20 IU (VE 20), vitamin E 200 IU (VE 200), resveratrol 20 ppm (RV 20), resveratrol 200 ppm (RV 200), methoxylated resveratrol 20 ppm (MR 20), and methoxylated resveratrol 200 ppm (MR 200). After slaughtering the broilers, thighs were collected and analyzed the quality change of the meat during storage at for 5 days. The meat quality factors such as pH, color, water holding capacity, and sensory characteristics of thigh meat were determined on the experiment day 1, 3, and 5. AB, VE, and MR increased pH value of chicken thigh compare to BD (p) showed no significant difference during storage day 1 and 5. VE 200 and MR 20 stabilized the redness () of chicken thigh as the value of day 1. Water holding capacity of chicken thigh from VE 20, RV 200, MR 20, and MR 200 on storage day 3 was higher than that of BD (p


Lower-level governments often receive federal support through transfers or bailouts. We study how the regional or local ties of federal politicians can steer this process. We build a two-tier model of government, where regionally elected federal legislators bargain over federal support aimed at their own constituency. This leads to strategic voting on the regional level. Federal legislators are strategically elected to watch over the interests of their own region, cushioning shocks to local consumption and driving down borrowing costs. Lower-level legislators anticipate this, which sets the stage for regional over-borrowing both if they receive annual grants, or when a bailout scheme is introduced during periods of crisis. Voters strategically select federal representatives with more extreme positions than the median voter, as long as federal co-funding schemes imply some degree of interregional redistribution. These theoretical predictions are confirmed by our empirical analysis, where we compare the political extremism of representatives elected to the EU Parliament with that of representatives elected to national Parliaments.


Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is increasingly used to investigate the phospholipid (PL) compositions of tissues and body fluids, often without previous separation of the total mixture into the individual PL classes. Therefore, the questions of whether all PL classes are detectable in a mixture and of whether there are significant sensitivity differences are important. Using extracts from hen egg yolk, bovine liver, and avocado, it is demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine species are primarily detectable by positive ion MALDI-TOF MS. This is due to the quaternary ammonia group and its permanent positive charge. It is also shown by using selected PL fractions obtained by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) that the sum of the spectra of the individual fractions is not equal to the spectrum of the total extract. Some PL classes are not detected in the mixture. We emphasize this result because it is relevant for PL analysis but basically holds for all compounds.


Freshly harvested seeds of 10 Rubus crosses were germinated in vitro on modified Lepoivre medium without growth regulators. Among several seed preparation treatments, the best germination and subsequent survival in soil was achieved with halved seeds. In vitro germination bypassed the need for cool moist stratification and resulted in 57% to 81% germination within 8 to 12 days. This system provides an alternative method to secure high germination when a breeder is working with limited seed number, as in some interspecific Rubus crosses.


Parenting in the early years has a critical influence on children's development, whether one examines positive outcomes, such as prosocial behaviour, empathy or school performance, or negative outcomes, such as aggressive behaviour, bullying or school dropout. In Canada, Dr J Douglas Willms' analysis (1) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth found nearly 30% of children have cognitive or behavioural problems serious enough to make them vulnerable in the sense that unless there is a concerted effort to intervene on their behalf, they would be prone to experiencing problems throughout their childhood and young adulthood. After examining the most important determinants of these problems, Willms concluded that "sensitive, responsive parenting is the single most important benefit children can receive during their early years". In the United States, a megastudy (2) by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which measured the impact of both child care and parents on children's development, concurs that parenting is the primary influence on children's development.

Invest in Kids' National Survey of Parents of Young Children (3) showed that the large majority of parents know little about how children grow and develop. Although more than 90% of parents strongly agreed that parenting is the most important thing they do, and despite wanting and trying to learn how to parent, parents had very little knowledge about how children grow and develop. Parents have the least knowledge about social and emotional development, the two areas in which parents believe they have the most influence. Thus, parents feel acutely unprepared for what they consider as the most important thing they do (4).

Compellingly, both Willms' and Invest in Kids' studies indicated that parenting skills need improvement. Willms found that only approximately one-third of parents use the authoritative parenting style, the style most frequently associated with positive outcomes for most groups of children in North America (5). Invest in Kids found that one-third of parents could increase their positive parenting practices and two-thirds could decrease their negative parenting behaviour. Together, these surveys present a strong case for universal interventions designed to increase parenting knowledge, confidence and skills.

Yet, there are almost no programs to prepare and educate new parents for their role in a meaningful way. Parents seek parenting and child development information and support from doctors, friends, grandparents, high school courses, community parenting programs, television, the Internet, books and magazines, and other community resources. The result is a patchwork of efforts that provide only superficial information, are largely unevaluated (so we know little about who the programs reach and whether they are effective) and are limited in important ways (6,7):

Almost all prenatal classes prepare parents for childbirth – there is little instruction in terms of advance preparation for their parenting role.

Postnatal programs cover primarily medical subject matter (eg, umbilical cord care, jaundice, breastfeeding) and rarely last beyond the first months of life.

Even when parent education programs are provided for older infants and toddlers, many are problem/solution oriented (eg, regarding crying, sleeping or misbehaviour), often omitting the fundamentals of establishing a good parent-child relationship.

Most parent education programs are short-term, eg, 1 h weekly meetings for six to eight weeks – not enough time to really learn about child development, let alone parenting.

Many parenting programs are provided only to low-income parents, leaving little access for the equally ignorant larger group of working, middle-class or upperclass parents.

Nearly all programs about parenting are primarily for mothers only, occasionally for fathers only, but not both, even though 90% of first-time parents plan to parent as a couple.

Few programs deal with the negative impact of a new baby on parents' relationship, leaving couples to struggle alone with these issues.

Today's parents are truly in a quandary. They want to do the right thing; yet, too many do not know what to do. In a society that purports to value the role of parents, we provide woefully few opportunities for parents to become really educated about parenting and child development. Even worse, we have not created an environment that is conducive to enhancing parenting skills. Steps that can be taken to address the current situation and create an effective system of parenting education and support include: providing opportunities for parents to be engaged in developing programs; ensuring that programs are evidence-based and evaluated; providing quality training to service providers; and ensuring adequate resources are available to sustain the implementation of effective programs.

Some positive signs: Despite this national picture of what is not happening, some encouraging initiatives are beginning to emerge. In a recently released Ontario report "With our best future in mind: Implementing early learning in Ontario" (8), by Dr Charles E Pascal, the critical importance of the early years for lifelong health, learning and behaviour, and the recognition of parents as children's first teachers are foundational concepts. Supporting children and families during the earliest years of development is a key recommendation, and the report calls for consolidating existing child and family programs into a network of Best Start Child and Family Centres. These Centres would provide a one-stop opportunity for pre- and postnatal supports, parenting programs and resources, and a variety of other early learning and development services for parents.

Among the range of supports and services provided to parents during their child's early years, the Healthy Child Manitoba initiative has selected the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program. Developed in Australia, this program emphasizes the prevention of problems and has the flexibility to move from simply providing information and advice to parents, to intensive family intervention if necessary. Other provinces are also making this program available; evaluations of its effectiveness in Canadian settings are underway (9). International research indicates that Triple P and the Incredible Years BASIC parent training program (for parents with children aged two to seven years) are particularly effective programs for parents of young children (10).

A recently commissioned report, entitled "Planning for Parenting Education and Support in BC" (11), makes a case for the formation of a coherent and comprehensive parenting education and support plan for British Columbia, and provides guidance on how this can be achieved. Developed by a coalition of federal, provincial and community partners, and presented to the government of British Columbia, the plan is based on the growing understanding of the lifelong importance of the early years, and the significant and recent research on what 'works' in parenting education and support from around the globe.

The above initiatives, and others throughout Canada, are beginning to take action in addressing ways to support the critical role that parents play in the early development of their children and in shaping and determining lifelong learning, health and behaviour.


The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the use of image media on the learning outcomes of students of the German Language Education Study Program in Kontrastive Kulturkunde courses that use image media and those that do not use images. The use of image media applied in this study follows what Macaire and Hosch (2004: 67) have suggested about the function of images, that images can reactivate students' initial knowledge (Vorwissen der Schülerinnen und Schüler), show similarities/authenticity (Authentizität) and indicate actual situations (Aktualität), a communicative perspective image of an object and a representative image, which is a visual that depicts the state of nature and people's lives. (Perspektive und Repräsentativität) and which have similarities or differ with their own culture (Nähe oder Ferne zur eigenen Kultur). This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in Kontrastive Kulturkunde courses. The type of this research used is experiment with one group pretest - posttest design with t-test analysis technique with significance level α = 0.05. Testing the effectiveness of this study is with the use of image media. The target of this study was 20 students of semester 4, German Language Education Study Program FKIP Pattimura University Ambon in Kontrastive Kulturkunde courses. The result of the calculation appears that, tcount > ttable=1,729 which is 11,103 > 1,729. Based on the results of the calculation it can be said that, there is a noticeable difference between the value after and before the application of the image media


The evolution of drug resistance in HIV has been a major obstacle in combating the AIDS epidemic, and development of the next generation of antiviral drugs will depend on improvements in the methodology addressing resistance. This work examines HIV evolution from a structural perspective, focusing on the development of methods to anticipate drug resistance and improve drug discovery efforts. To understand the evolution of HIV in the presence of inhibitors requires knowledge of viral replication capacity as well as drug resistance. Replication capacity can be predicted with a phylogenetic approach, which estimates impairment in HIV protease activity. Pairing these estimates with a structural model based on molecular docking allows the detection of most major clinically observed protease mutations. Combining structural modeling and analysis of existing protease mutations generates predictions of drug resistance mutations for an experimental protease inhibitor. Mutagenesis experiments validate these predictions, while also revealing epistatic interactions and cross-resistance with existing inhibitors. A fitness model based on predicted replication capacity and drug resistance is able to rank in vitro HIV mutant infectivity with significant accuracy. This fitness model is incorporated into a simulation of viral evolution, which correlates with clinically observed mutation prevalence. Simulations also affirm the high level of cross-resistance among protease inhibitors, highlighting the importance of alternative drug targets. Current drug discovery projects often use computer-based models of protein-ligand interaction for docking and virtual screening. A novel analysis of binding energy results from large-scale virtual screening identifies representative wild-type and mutant protease structures, focusing future efforts. Complementary efforts in the study of APS reductase reveal correlations between the distribution docking results and the underlying energy surface. Cluster analysis is shown to be an empirical measure of docking entropy which can improve the accuracy of binding energy predictions. Applying these insights in a virtual screen for new inhibitors of HIV protease, a library of 1,585 compounds is narrowed to 36 candidates. Five of these compounds prove to be inhibitors. Modeling indicates that two of them bind outside the protease active site, suggesting potential leads for a new class of protease inhibitor


The difference in the degree of plastic constraint in the vicinity of a pre-existing crack brings about difficulty in the evaluation of fracture performance of weldments when using fracture toughness obtained by conventional fracture toughness test results. The constraint controlling factors can be divided into two main areas, geometrical and material factors. The effect of both factors on the stress/strain behavior in the vicinity of a crack tip is discussed systematically based on previous research and numerical analyses. It is clarified that the common fracture parameters such as J and CTOD do not always represent material constants because of the change of stress/strain behavior as a result of the difference in plastic constraint. The possibility of evaluation based on the local approach is discussed in order to link between structural integrity assessment and fracture toughness evaluation.


A method for providing data objects in a peer-to-peer network (P2P) comprising a plurality of peer devices (P, S1, S2, M), at least one data object redundant peer devices (M, S1, S2) which are associated with a replication group (RG), are stored, wherein the data object is typed in one of at least two types of data at a data operation for the stored data object, a check of the data type, whereby a typing in changeable and non-changeable data objects is performed as data types, and in dependence on the respective data type in the data operation for the stored data object in a replication group (RG), a consistency check is performed, or the data object is directly subjected to the data operation, where there is no consistency check with the data operation for the non-modifiable data objects.


The invention relates to a drink, in particular to a drink for preventing diseases, and belongs to the field of health-care food. The life-nourishing health-care drink consists of a base formula and a physiques formula and is adjusted according to the compatible principle of traditional Chinese medicines. Compared with the prior art, the physiological functions of organisms such as tissue, organs and the like of human are taken into full consideration, and different traditional Chinese medicines are prepared according to different physiques to prepare different life-nourishing health-care drinks. The life-nourishing health-care drink is suitable for improving the physiological functions of people which are subhealthy or are advanced in age and poor in health.


Dear Editor,

We thank the authors for the interest in our recent publication and for their useful comments.

Unfortunately we consider the comparison with the publication from Giannella et al 1 poorly appropriate in many aspects. The main strength of our work is the multicentre prospective case–control study design (match by age, gender and period of hospitalisation). Although severity scores were not used for matching, we considered this design the most appropriate to describe healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) features. In fact, the Giannella group performed an observational prospective study only on patients admitted to internal medicine departments: these elements (study design and patients) could justify a different population composition and, consequently, …


Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) is a diurnal piscivorous Eurasian snake species with a large distribution area. Along the River Danube it is present in the floodplain and along the lower stretch of tributaries. The distribution of N. tessellata among the different microhabitats along the River Danube at God (1669-1671 rkm) and its relationship with environmental parameters and fish presence/absence, species composition, size distribution and abundance was studied at eight selected sections. Samples were collected twice a month from March to October in 2008-2009; N. tessellata was found between May and early October. Altogether 26 N. tessellata sightings were recorded together with 497 individuals of 21 fish species along the same sections, while another 5,547 individuals belonging to 28 fish species were caught in snake-free areas. Microhabitat characteristics were more important than the presence of fish in determining along which section N. tessellata stays. It favoured slow-flowing sections with aquatic macrophytes and a sandy or muddy bottom. In spite of their suitability, artificial habitats were not much used maybe due to increased risk of disturbance and predation/persecution. The habitat preference of N. tessellata changed less between the two studied years with different water level fluctuations than those of fishes and it was not identical with that of any of the fish species caught. However, fish 15-30 mm and longer may influence the distribution of N. tessellata.


Key Points • We investigated the response to exercise in children with unilateral lower-limb PTS, and in age- and sex-matched controls.• We found compensated calf pump performance but impaired microvascular function, which worsened with increasing PTS severity.


Thermal decomposition behaviour of single and mixed blowing agents formulations based on azodicarbonamide (ADC) were investigated. It was shown that the addition of an auxiliary blowing agent 4,4'oxybisbenzenesulfonylhydrazide (OBSH) with decomposition behaviour complimentary to the main blowing agent (activated ADC) resulted in a system that assisted in adjusting the rate of gas released and the decomposition temperature range. It was found that by adjusting the levels of addition of OBSH and activator in the system, overall decomposition behaviour could be controlled to achieve gradual gas release in the process temperature range typical for the manufacture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene cross-linked foams


We define signed Gordian distances and give criteria for the Gordian distance for knots by using the Jones polynomial, the Q-polynomial and the Rasmussen invariant of a knot. As a result, we have new values of the Gordian distance with small crossing number.


Background Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important for a chronic disease, such as dementia, which impairs the quality of life of affected patients in addition to their length of life. This is important in the context of economic evaluations when interventions do not (only) affect HRQoL and these other factors also affect overall quality of life. Objective To validate the Spanish translation of the ICECAP-O's capability to measure Health-related quality of life in elderly with dementia who live in nursing homes. Method Cross-sectional study. For 217 residents living in 8 Spanish nursing homes, questionnaires were completed by nursing professionals serving as proxy respondents. We analyzed the internal consistency and other psychometric properties. We investigated the convergent validity of the ICECAP-O with other HRQoL instruments, the EQ-5D extended with a cognitive dimension (EQ-5D+C), the Alzheimer's Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) measures, and the Barthel Index measure of activities of daily living (ADL). Results The ICECAP-O presents satisfactory internal consistency (alpha 0.820). The factorial analysis indicated a structure of five principal dimensions that explain 66.57% of the total variance. Convergent validity between the ICECAP-O, EQ-5D+C, ADRQL, and Barthel Index scores was moderate to good (with correlations of 0.62, 0.61, and 0.68, respectively), but differed between dimensions of the instruments. Discriminant validity was confirmed by finding differences in ICECAP-O scores between subgroups based on ADL scores (0.70 low, 0.59 medium, and 0.39 high level care), dementia severity (0.72 mild, 0.63 medium, and 0.50 severe), and ages (0.59 below 75 years and 0.84 above 75 years). Conclusions This study presented the first use of a Spanish version of the ICECAP-O. The results indicate that the ICECAP-O appears to be a reliable Health-related quality of life measurement instrument showing good convergent and discriminant validity for people with dementia.


How to exploit the rich information contained in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data, has recently gained much attention for PolSAR image interpretation via Deep Learning. In this paper, a polarimetric phase difference aided approach is presented for PolSAR image classification. The polarimetric phase differences conveyed by the off-diagonal elements, as well as the diagonal components in the coherence matrix, are extracted to form a 6-D target vector, i.e., the input to a deep model includes 6 channels. The experimental results on benchmark PolSAR data indicate that the polarimetric phase difference is indeed information bearing, moreover, the proposed strategy can be flexibly implemented by current deep learning framework without modification.


Police have suspended their air and land search for a man who went missing over three weeks ago in central Australia.


We perform a detailed model-independent analysis of the determination of ${V}_{\mathrm{us}}$ in the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=1$ decays $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{pe}\ensuremath{\nu}$, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{ne}\ensuremath{\nu}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}e\ensuremath{\nu}$. Values systematically higher than the ${K}_{e3}$ one are obtained. A reconciliation may be only obtained through second-order changes of a few percent in the leading vector form factors ${f}_{1}$, provided that these changes always increase their magnitudes over their conserved vector current (CVC) predictions. Using the CVC or the recoil part of recent flavor-symmetry-breaking calculations, the value ${V}_{\mathrm{us}}=0.2558\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0027$ is obtained, which is higher than the ${K}_{e3}$ one by 2.6 standard deviations.


Abstract The infrared spectrum of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) was recorded in the range of 4000 cm−1 to 400 cm−1. The vibrational assignments have been compared with those of polystyrene and its molecule's model: 1,3-diphenyl-propane and 4-(3-phenyl propyl) pyridine. The wavenumbers of the normal mode v 16b of the aromatic rings allowed us to establish the possible con-formers of this polymer. These results, are compared with those obtained from the 1H-NMR spectroscopy for poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and polystyrene samples.


The doctrine of original sin, which commanded almost unanimous approval in the history of Christian thinking, has recently aroused adverse criticism. The biblical support of the theological doctrine has been found to be very doubtful. Science has made incredible the doctrine of so profound an alteration of human nature as is attributed to Adam, within the lifetime of one individual. We recognize aspects in human behavior due to the persistence of animal instincts, but these are biologically considered normal and natural. They are non-moral antecedents of sin, but not inherently sinful. The "higher" life of any individual is socially rather than physiologically produced. If we are to speak of the transmission of sin at all, we should look to social forces for the general conditions under which the specific inheritance of each individual finds expression.


Heat capacity measurements of the crystalline phosphates NaTi2(PO4)3 and NaHf2(PO4)3 were performed between (6 and 650) K. Their thermodynamic functions, molar heat capacities Cp,m0, enthalpy [Ho(T) − Ho(0)], entropy So(T), and Gibbs free energy Go(T) − Ho(0), over the range from T → 0 to 650 K, were calculated, and the fractal dimension Dfr was evaluated. Standard entropies of formation at T = 298.15 K were estimated to be [(1174 ± 2) and (1207 ± 2)] J·K−1·mol−1 for NaTi2(PO4)3 and NaHf2(PO4)3, respectively.


Four primer pairs comprising six individ- ual primers were used to amplify regions of 3-tubulin genes from members of the Basidiomycotina. A re- gion of approximately 500 bp, spanning two introns and 133 codons, was PCR-amplified and sequenced from isolates of Lentinula spp., Pleurotus spp., and several related taxa. Intronic regions were highly polymorphic among Pleurotus spp. and between Pleu- rotus and Lentinula. Two L. lateritia isolates were 99% similar to each other and 80.7%-82.8% similar to Pleurotus species. Sufficient polymorphism also ex- isted within protein coding regions to differentiate among species of Pleurotus. Lentinus tigrinus and Ganoderma lucidum shared a unique evolutionary lin- eage. The phylogenetic analysis provided evidence for an ancient gene duplication among ascomycete genes. The basidiomycete lineage is attached at a point near the Aspergillus nidulans BenA/Colletotri- chum graminicola Tub2 cluster, after the divergence of the gene duplication. The existing level of varia- tion among the fungi examined indicates that this gene will be useful in phylogenetic investigations of higher order relationships among broader groups of fungi.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effects of Curcumin thermosensitive hydrogels for injection(CTH)on ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in lymphatic system(HCA-F)and protective effects of it on solid tumors model mice. METHODS:HCA-F cell strain were cultured,and inhibitory effects of 10,25,50,75 and 100 μg/ml CTH on the proliferation of HCA-F cell were determined by MTT. Mice solid tumors model was induced by vaccinated with ascites of ascitic hepatocarcinoma model mice into axillary fossa. 50 Kunming mice were divided into model group(constant volume of normal saline),blank thermosensitive gel group(ETH 0.05 ml/cm3),absolute ethyl alcohol group(absolute ethyl alcohol 0.05 ml/cm3),curcumin group(0.05 ml/cm3)and CTH group(0.05 ml/m3). They were given relevant medicines intratumorally every 5 days for consecutive 2 times. The increase of tumor volume,tumor weight and inhibitory rate were determined,and the apoptosis of tumor cells was determined by HE staining. RESULTS:25,50,75 and 100 μg/ml CTH significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCA-F after cultured for 48 h. 10,25,50,75 and 100 μg/ml CTH significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCA-F after cultured for 72 h. Compared with model group,the growth rate of tumor volume as well as tumor weight were decreased significantly in CTH group,while inhibitory rate increased significantly;there was statistical significance(P0.05). The apoptosis of tumor cells in CTH groups was improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS:CTH could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HCA-F in vitro, which is similar to the effect of absolute ethyl alcohol in vivo. The mice is more adaptable to CTH than absolute ethyl alcohol.


Umbilical cord serum bilirubin concentration was studied in 800 healthy full-term newborns as a predictor of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia. If cord bilirubin was under 1 mg% the jaundice occurred in 2.4% newborns, where as 89% of the infants with cord bilirubin above 2.5 mg% became jaundiced.


This grant is associated to an XMM observation of the quasar QSO Q0056-363(PI: Dr. Roberto Maiolino), which is one of the brightest quasars in the X-ray sky, and it lies in the general direction of the Sculptor Supercluster, and behind it. We requested the observation to check a previous hint of existence of an absorption features by highly ionized gas at the redshift of the Supercluster, which we supposed to be the imprint of a Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium filament connecting the already virialized structures in the Supercluster. The observation suffered a high background, and so the net exposure was considerably reduced compared to the requested exposure. Additionally the quasar turned out to be in a quite low level of activity. These two unfortunate facts made it impossible to confirm or rule-out at high resolution (i.e. with the RGS) the existence of the previously hinted OW1 K-alpha resonant line at the redshift of the Sculptor Supercluster, the new RGS data being sensitive only to equivalent width of unresolved absorption lines of about 30-50 mA at 1-sigma. The data, however, shows a very strong absorption line in a position different from the OVII/OVIII K-alpha at the redshift of the Supercluster. If this line is interpreted as OVII/OVIII K-alpha absorption, the redshift of this WHIM filament would lie in a region of the Universe where no visible virialized concentrations are present. This would confirm the relatively high probability of detecting WHIM filaments in apparent 'void' regions of the Universe (as previously suggested by our first detection of WHIM filaments at z greater than 0 along the line of sight to the blazar Mkn 421). A paper on the non-detection of any WHIM filament at the redshift of the Sculptor Supercluster, as well as on the detection of this putative WHIM filament in a 'void', will be shortly submitted to the ApJ.


The essence of a Mutual Fund is the portfolio of investment, which diversifies and reduces the risk by spreading out the investor's money across available different types of investments. Through our study we have analyzed how few selected Mutual Fund Schemes behave during the period of December 2008 to December 2012, i.e. during the global meltdown and the period thereafter. We have analyzed the coefficient of variation of the return generated by the Sensex, Company Scrips and the Mutual Fund Schemes to determine a more stable series, the Managerial Efficiency of the selected Mutual Fund Schemes in stock selection, the Sharpe ratio and the pattern of return generated by the selected Mutual Fund Schemes before 2008 and after 2008.We found that the variability in the return of the Mutual Fund Schemes are between moderate to high and thus these Mutual Fund Schemes may not be as stable as they seem to be. The investors should weigh their options carefully before deciding to invest in a Mutual Fund Scheme.


This paper introduces a new AC/AC multilevel converter for a single-phase inverter with high-frequency isolation and bidirectional power flow capability. The advantage is to provide compact HF isolation, without an additional DC stage and with lower harmonic distortion in the load. Higher efficiency and better dynamic response are possible as well . The topology is based on a high-frequency inverter, a high-frequency transformer and the new AC/AC multilevel converter. A modulation strategy for the commutation of the AC/AC converter switches is presented. Synthesis, simulation and experimental results of the multilevel converter are presented.


The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the effect of job training, organizational culture, career development, and compensation both simultaneously and partially on job satisfaction of employees of the Kesyahbandaran Utama Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Based on purposive sampling and slovin formula sampling techniques, a sample of 132 employees from the Tanjung Perak Kesyahbandaran Utama Surabaya was obtained. Data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression, F test, and t test. Based on the research results it is known that job training, organizational culture, career development, and compensation simultaneously influence job satisfaction of the Tanjung Perak Main Kesyahbandaran employees in Surabaya, this is evidenced by the results of the F test which show a significance value of less than 0.05 which is equal to 0,000. Job training, organizational culture, career development, and compensation partially affect job satisfaction of the Tanjung Perak Main Kesyahbandaran Surabaya employees, this is evidenced by the results of the t test which showed the significance value of all independent variables was smaller than 0.05. This study shows that employee job satisfaction is influenced by job training, existing culture in the company, career development, and compensation.


The solution to the problem of managing the cost of an investment and construction project under conditions of risk and uncertainty is presented in the issue. The external and internal factors of project risks are analyzed. The concept of uncertainty is characterized as a property of the external and internal environment of the project, which underlies the occurrence of risks. Additional prerequisites for the emergence of risks, both objective and subjective, are considered. An authors' model for managing the cost of an investment and construction project based on a process approach has been developed based on the above mentioned prerequisites. The content of the stages of the project cost management model has been determined. The possibility of managing the cost of the project through the analysis of budget spending has been investigated. In the course of the study, a comparison was made between the work schedule in accordance with the basic project plan and the actual work schedule with deviations from the project plan. Unfavorable deviations of the baseline indicators of the project were revealed, both in terms of work execution time and in the cost of work performed. It has been proved that the adverse impact of risk factors on the overall performance of the project, expressed by indicators of investment efficiency, is reduced as a result of the application of the process model for managing the cost of an investment and construction project.