[Problem] To provide a medical system with which it is possible for a patient to select a doctor who is appropriate for said patient's illness, and with which it is possible for a doctor to select a patient who is appropriate for said doctor's skills. [Solution] Provided is a medical system 1, comprising: a patient condition acquisition unit 22a which acquires patient condition information which identifies the condition of a patient; a data recording unit 23 which stores doctor information which relates to a doctor; and a control unit 22 which matches the patient and the doctor on the basis of the patient condition information which is acquired with the patient condition acquisition unit 22a and the doctor information which is stored in the data recording unit 23.


A series of 3alpha-(4-substituted)nortropane-2beta-carboxylic acid methyl esters was synthesized and evaluated for the ability to inhibit radioligand binding at the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters. 3alpha-(4-Methylphenyl)nortropane-2beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (4c) was found to be selective and highly potent for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) relative to the dopamine and serotonin transporters.


Division of General Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Division of General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.


Distribution and electronic states of interstitial hydrogen atoms in the iron lattice are discussed in regard to their influence to the lattice bonding, and theory of hydrogen induced delayed fracture of steel based upon it is proposed. Characteristics of delayed fracture are accordingly well accounted for. Keyword: delayed fracture; cladding; hydrogen; steel; dislocation.


Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may progress to advanced liver disease. The aims of our study were to examine clinical factors distinguishing NASH from simple steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver and to identify clinical predictors reflecting the pathologic severity in patients with NASH. Methods: For thirty-nine patients with fatty liver, medical history, body mass index (BMI), and the results of serological test and ultrasonography of liver, were reviewed retrospectively. Then, the clinical and biochemical data of nonalcoholic steatosis (NAS) and NASH was compared. Results: NAS was observed in fifteen patients (median age: 32.7, M:F=13:2) and NASH was observed in twenty-four patients (median age: 32.8, M:F=17:7). Only body mass index (BMI) showed the significant difference between NASH (28.4±3.4) and NAS (25.8±2.8) (p<0.03). The incidence of NASH was high in patients with BMI over 28.9. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio was reversely correlated with the degree of steatosis (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed the correlation between BMI and the degree of fibrosis (p<0.01) and the reverse-relation between serum ALT value and the degree of fibrosis (p<0.01). Coclusions: BMI helps identify NASH in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver. In patients with NASH, high BMI accompanied with low ALT value and severe fatty change on ultrasonography could suggest severe fibrosis. Thus, these patients need a close follow-up including a liver biopsy.


Abstract:In this article, I examine the state-supported "modernization" (xiandaihua) of Confucianism in China and argue that behind this revival is an intention to institutionalize Confucianism in order to consolidate the leadership and ideological control of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). However, while the CCP-led government has pragmatically adopted Confucianism to maintain the current power structure, there is no evidence that Confucianism will become the theoretical heart of the party. Confucianism has not acquired, nor will it acquire, a political position equal to Marxism. Many Chinese intellectuals have confirmed this tendency.


In his Defence of Poesie Philip Sidney borrowed the vocabulary of anatomization to remark of poetry that 'all his kinds are not only in their united forms but in their severed dissections fully commendable', analysing the features of verse as though he were considering a man's 'parts, kinds, or species'. It is argued here that printed anatomies proved useful to early modern literary theorists not because they recognised how poetry's diverse parts added up to a systematic and relational whole, but rather because they provided a rich spatial vocabulary, encompassing height and depth, to describe afresh the experience of being immersed in a poem. Printed anatomies were experimenting at this time with how best to realise three‐dimensional structures on flat pieces of paper in order to capture life‐like human presence. When the printed book closely approximates the occasion of the anatomy itself, the anatomical subject comes surprisingly and vividly alive. Early modern poets were devoting themselves with increasing commitment in the 1590s and early 1600s to theorizing this same illusion: that poetry can step out of the confines of print and paper, and into the world.


In order to research HF radio propagation, the energy attenuation of HF radio propagation in the transmission process has been studied, especially under the condition of sea surface with wind waves. A multi-objective optimization model is obtained by the method of machine learning. First, A multi-objective optimization model(M-BOM) were set up, which is based on machine learning to calculate the signal energy loss. The optimal transmission target is achieved by determining the control variable frequency and launching angle. Meanwhile, the database of equivalent virtual height is established by using the global map data. Next, the method machine learning is used to synthesize continuous functional relationships from data that is called from the database each time. Through these functional relationships, the minimum energy loss solution can be obtained with any environmental parameter. Additionally, we get the generate energy loss and launch angle of specific values and maximum jump hops through MATLAB programming.


According to Ragnar Frisch (1933), econometrics involves the mutual penetration of quantitative economic theory and statistical observation. Today, econometric research rarely has all the ingredients spelled out in Frisch's definition. Most econometric models are either very structural, contrived, and unfortunately typically rejected or else they are statistical summaries of stylized data features and unfortunately difficult to link unambiguously to a single theoretical paradigm. Because my role on the panel is to discuss econometric issues, let me try to spell out what econometricians have to offer to the field of high-frequency data analysis. It is fair to ask, "What do we learn from high-frequency data that we do not from traditional time series?" More


In order to compare two sampling plans by attributes, we use the minimax principle applied to the expectation of the suitable normed avoidable loss, also called the minimax regret principle. In this paper it is proved that the elements of a wide class of k-stage sampling plans (kδ 1) can be improved by a (k + 1)-stage sampling plan. With the aid of this result we can present a procedure how to improve an optimal single sampling plan by a two-stage sampling plan.


The study was conducted to survey and collect various French bean genotypes from the main hot spot regions of Himachal Pradesh like Shimla, Chamba, Sirmour, Kullu, Kinnaur and some areas of Mandi and Solan district. Different bean genotypes were collected in a 15-day exploration trip from various geographical regions. The collected seed samples were evaluated and characterized for intra-specific seed morpho-metric characteristics like seed coat colour, hilum colour, seed shape, hypocotyls pigmentation, cotyledon colour pubescence on hypocotyls, 100 seed weight (g), seed length (mm) and seed width (mm). The evaluated genetic material was then deposited in the short term seed bank of Department of Seed Science and Technology UHF Nauni for future correspondence. The genetic diversity found among the landraces is of great importance in the utilization of the species for food and nutrition and more importantly for genetic improvement. The study would prove a basic primary step in germplasm recognisition activity for future breeding programmes and will project the local available genetic footprints to entire agro associated enterprises for necessary consideration.


Prof. Mojgan Daneshmand made seminal contributions to the advancements of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology together with her students and colleagues. In this paper, we present our recent work on miniaturized SIW diplexer in memory of Mojgan and her family. The proposed diplexer is centered at 3.45 and 4.9 GHz for 5G sub-6 GHz communications, which is enabled by a common dual half-mode substrate integrated rectangular cavity (HMSIRC) coupled with singlemode cavities in each channel. Besides the elimination of T-junction, HMSIRCs are also introduced for the miniaturization of sub-6 GHz circuits. Additionally, by employing the first two modes in the dual-HMSIRC, a large frequency ratio of 1.42 between 3.45 and 4.9 GHz can be realized, which is difficult to implement with the original whole cavity scheme because of spurious passband problems. A 2nd-order example with ripple fractional bandwidths of 2% and 1.6% for the two channels is synthesized, designed, fabricated, and tested for demonstration.


The paper begins with an account of the intellectual background to Henry Sidgwick's writing of his  Methods of Ethics  and an analysis of what Sidgwick meant by a 'method'. His broad distinction between three main ethical theories – egoism, consequentialism, and deontology – is elucidated and accepted. Sidgwick's different forms of intuitionism are explained, as are his criteria for testing the 'certainty' of a potentially self-evident belief. Section 3 discusses dogmatic intuitionism (common-sense morality systematized) and Sidgwick's own view, in the light of his requirement for precision in ethics. The final section concerns the implications of Sidgwick's position on disagreement for ethical theory. It is suggested that we have some knowledge in ethics, on which most converge, but not much. The paper concludes with a recommendation for a more eirenic and less dogmatic approach to philosophical ethics.


Objectives The amount of residual tumor after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced-stage ovarian cancer is correlated with overall survival. This study aims to describe the predictive value of pre-treatment serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and the normalization of serum CA-125 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on surgical outcome. Methods A systematic review and a prospective clinical study were performed. The Embase, Medline, Web of science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from database inception to April 2022. The clinical study is part of a randomized controlled trial, the PlaComOv-trial.


The Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD) optimization algorithm is an important method for training deep learning models, which relies on the fine adjustment of hyper-parameters to provide a suitable optimization for model training. Learning rate is one of the most influential hyper-parameters. This paper proposes a novel learning rate scheduling method called Variable Trapezoidal Parity Cycle Learning Rate(VTPC). The method improves the existing cyclic learning rate methods and makes learning rate circulate between three reasonable boundary values. It can better overcome a large number of different saddle points in the high-dimensional non-convex loss functions, and effectively improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the deep neural network. This paper also describes a specific method for determining the boundary value of the cyclic learning rate to reduce uncertainty of the learning rate parameter tuning. Finally, the empirical results show that VTPC has a good effect in practical application and compares favorably to other learning rate methods mentioned in this paper.


Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common sport injuries. The incidence of ACL rupture was estimated to range from 30 to 78 per 100.000 person-years. Several sport contact injuries were reported that highly associated with ACL rupture, such as football (15%) and soccer (5.2%) competition. ACL rupture was also found more common in male than female players. The anatomy of ACL originates from lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa and inserts to the tibial eminence anteriorly. It comprises of two bundles, such as anteromedial and posterolateral bundle. The femoral attachment arises from resident's ridge to the posterior articular margin of the lateral femoral condyle. The tibial attachment is closely related to the attachment of the lateral meniscus. Return to sport (RTS) remains to be the main goal of ACL reconstruction (ACLR). However, RTS criteria remains debatable due to differences outcome measure. RTS was noted 60-80% in different sports following ACL reconstruction surgery. However, there was several factors that may affect the ACLR surgery. Concomitant ligamentous and meniscus injury may prolong the RTS. Graft choice may also contribute to the process of RTS. Bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BPTB) graft has shown to have early incorporation to the femoral and tibial tunnel due to bone-to-bone healing. Surgical technique also plays role in the early RTS. Single-bundle and double-bundle ACL reconstruction remains debatable in ACLR surgery. However, there was no differences in both surgical techniques in terms of early RTS.


While static media makes the distinction between diegetic and non-diegetic audio, the use of these concepts in interactive media, such as games, presents problems of classification. This is especially true for virtual reality where players embody virtual characters through their own bodily movements. This PhD research focuses on the diegetic aspect of audio in virtual reality and the effect that different approaches might have on players' sense of embodiment and willingness to suspend disbelief.


We review certain results for amplitudes of spectral flowed operators in string theory on AdS3. We present the modified Knizhnik‐Zamolodchikov and null vector equations to be satisfied by correlators including w = 1 operators. We then discuss the three point function of two w = 1 and one w = 0 operators in the x‐basis, and perform a consistency check on the definition of the w = 1 operator. We finally exhibit the steps in the calculation of the winding conserving four point functions for operators in arbitrary spectral flowed sectors, both in the m‐ and x‐basis, under the only assumption that at least one of the operators is in the spectral flowed image of the highest weight discrete representation.


Boundary element method (BEM) is one of the numerical methods to solve boundary value problems of partial differential equations. The BEM is especially useful for wave scattering problems for unbounded domains since the numerical solution obtained by BEM automatically satisfies radiation condition, and also, discretisations only of the boundaries are required and those of the domain extending infinitely are not needed.


Narrow-band (H alpha and (NII)) charge coupled device (CCD) images of elliptical galaxies suspected of having cooling flows are discussed. Researchers find evidence of optical emission from cool gas which is most likely associated with a cooling flow. At least 4 galaxies (NGC 3998, NGC 4203, NGC 4550 and NGC 4697) show emission of (NII) and/or H alpha within the central 20 seconds, a fraction consistent with results from Phillips et al. (1987) and Caldwell (1984). In these four, (NII) lambda 6584A emission is stronger than H alpha (which is often in absorption e.g., as seen in long slit spectra of NGC4697). From long slit spectra of these galaxies, Deustua and Teske (1989) infer electron densities, N sub e, of order 1.2x10 to the 3rd power cm(-3) assuming T = 10 to the 4th power K for the optically emitting gas. NGC 2685, NGC 3489 appear to have emission in (NII); NGC 4636 may also, but, is difficult to see in the data (Demoulin-Ulrich, Butcher and Boksenberg (1984) did not see emission from this galaxy). NGC 4472, NGC 4473, NGC 4365, NGC 4638 and NGC 4649 show no emission.


Developed in Germany since 1991, The passive house spread out successfully in other countries with similar and different climates in the following years. Because of providing energy-efficient, low cost, ecologic design and comfortable life conditions; this concept has attracted attention engineers and architectures. The Passive Houses has been mostly approached in terms of technical issues, but with this paper, the concept will be emphasised on interior architecture: what does this houses provide to design process and interior comfort (air conditioning, heating-cooling, lighting)? Morever, the paper will be told; what is the passive house, how does it work, how is energy efficiency of passive house provided, what are the interior comfort points? Thanks to the contributions of the passive houses, interior space design will be able to provide much more flexible and comfortable solutions to users. The main conclusion in this paper, is that supplement of the energy efficiency to interior comfort, will be analyzed on examples in Turkey: Gerd Ketelhake House - the first Passive house of Turkey and Steelife Ecologic House.


The minimization of circulating currents is a major technical challenge in the modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology. Circulating currents are an inherent property of the MMC that originate from the voltage difference between the phases. These currents have a great impact on the submodule (SM) capacitor voltage ripple, voltage/current stress on the power switching devices and the power losses. Therefore, minimization of circulating currents is imperative for the smooth operation of the MMC. In order to achieve this goal, this paper proposes a modified MMC topology which makes use of additional line-to-line connected modules termed as voltage correction modules. These modules compensate for the voltage difference between the phases of the MMC and suppress the circulating currents. This solution offers a decoupled control between the circulating currents and the power stage and is independent of the number of SMs used in the MMC. Mathematical modeling along with the control strategy is explained throughout the paper and two test cases are conducted via detailed PSCAD/EMTDC simulations to validate this approach.


The present invention discloses compounds of formula (I) compounds and methods for inhibiting kinases include spleen tyrosine kinase. Also disclosed are methods of treating a disease or condition mediated by a kinase compound administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Formula (I) is. Of formula (I).


A 70 year old female patient, suffering for years from rheumatoid arthritis and associated chronic pain was referred to the hospital by an emergency physician. Her blood pressure was no longer measurable; a hemiparesis has developed. A preliminary examination was carried out in the emergency department by a neurologist and a cerebral CT was requested. Immediately after examination, the patient suffered from hypodynamic cardiac arrest and had to be cardiopulmonary resuscitated. After stabilisation she was transferred to the Stroke Unit, where tonic-clonic convulsive seizures occurred. Toxicological general-unknown analysis of the patient's serum confirmed a suspected metamizol intoxication. Despite a maximum permissible dose of noradrenaline, she died four days after hospitalisation due to multiple organ failure.


Field experiments conducted under caged condition to assess the extent of damage and yield loss in MCU-5 cotton variety due to varied larval densities of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) indicated results in one larva per 8 plants recorded lowest percent Heliothis damage in respect of squares (8.63), shed squares (39.38) bolls (13.43) and locules (8.91) followed by treatment with two larvae per 8 plants. It was found that percent yield losses varied from 9.32 with one larva per 8 plants to 72.30 with 6 larvae per 8 plants. The economic injury levels based on the regression equation was worked out to be 2.52 and 3.06 larvae per 10 plants during 1988–89 and 1989–90 crop season respectively.


Charged-particle probe compact and consumes little power. Proposed modification enables metal oxide/semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) to act as detector of static electric charges or energetic charged particles. Thickened gate insulation acts as control structure. During measurements metal gate allowed to "float" to potential of charge accumulated in insulation. Stack of modified MOSFET'S constitutes detector of energetic charged particles. Each gate "floats" to potential induced by charged-particle beam penetrating its layer.


Background Nasal polyps of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are characterized by epithelial damage, basement membrane thickness and subepithelial fibrosis. The fibroblast, one of the main cell types making up nasal polyps, is thought to be a target cell of various cytokines. The role of IL-17A in immunoresponse in the nasal poly fibroblast has not yet elucidated. Methods Subcultured fibroblasts were established from human polyp biopsy tissues in addition to normal mucosal membranes of sphenoid sinuses (controls). Results The IL-17A receptor was expressed at similar levels in all 3 groups. Simultaneous quantification of 27 kinds of cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatants was performed with a human multiplex cytokine assay system. In the eosinophilic group, basal secretion levels of IL-6 were significantly higher than those in the control and non-Eo groups. Basal secretion of MCP-1 in both the non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic groups was also higher than that of the control group. Both IL-9 and G-CSF secretion were remarkably enhanced by IL-17A stimulation in all 3 groups. The receptor-mediated response by IL-17A significantly upregulated IL-6 release alone in the non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic groups as compared with the control group. Only the basic FGF secretion was decreased by stimulation of IL-17A in all groups. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time a potentially enhanced secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 from nasal polyp fibroblasts, and a remarkable upregulation of IL-9 and G-CSF from nasal fibroblasts by IL-17A stimulation, which might contribute to nasal polyp formation and airway remodeling.


BACKGROUND Distributed memory ABMs have been used in recent years to predict the spread of disease in human populations. In general, these ABMs have simplifying assumptions that enable the model to run on small clusters (for local-level models) or supercomputers (for national scale models). However, more detailed local-level discreteevent models (e.g. EpiSims) have demonstrated the added utility of detailed local ABMs to understand the dynamics and constraints of public health interventions during infectious disease outbreaks. This work extends these models to a national level, which is only possible given the extensive computer resources available through the NSF TeraGrid. However, such a model will have data needs that have implications for existing and future disease surveillance and health information systems.


The power disturbance and operation identification based on the measurements of WAMS(Wide Area Measurement System) and pattern recognition theory is introduced,including tie-line based region judgment,measurement pretreatment,pattern feature extraction and pattern matching.The feature extraction methods are summarized and based on the analysis of power disturbance and operation features more characteristic parameters are adopted in feature extraction to improve the identifiability.Simulative case study including various influencing factors,such as transition resistance,generator tripping ratio,load shedding ratio and so on,is carried out for a regional power grid.Results show its high accuracy,except for the short circuit with high transition resistance.Verification with the WAMS measurements of a regional power grid indicates the identification correctness rate is 100 %,even for the secondary disturbances.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a novel manufacturing process that aims to pattern metal tracks onto polyimide at atmospheric pressure and ambient environment. The process can be scaled up for industrial applications.Design/methodology/approach – From a thorough literature survey, different approaches were carried out for processing polyimide. Following a design of experiments for the processing and various characterisation techniques, a micro‐coil was manufactured as a test demonstrator.Findings – The characteristics of some main formaldehyde‐based electroless copper baths were compared. The quality of the sidewalls was characterised and the performance of the process was assessed.Originality/value – This paper demonstrates a high‐value manufacturing technique that is mass manufacturable, low cost and suitable for use on 3D surfaces. Criteria required for the development of a direct‐writing process have been described. The issues surrounding electroless plating on polyimide have been ex...


Due to rapid growth of the internet most of the people started using internet through mobile and web apps to satisfy their needs. Such as online shopping and banking. Under OWSAP top 10 vulnerabilities, sensitive data exposure is one of the common threats that is identified in recent years and phishing is found to be a key source. Sensitive data exposure is majorly occurring in the internet using various phishing techniques and phishing is found to be a key sources of data stealing. Attackers, not only targeted the financial sectors and e-commerce industries, also in the field of defense and security . To detect the phishing attacks in webpages, many software was used. Some of the method of detection the phishing is, by using the URL of the webpage and by using contents of the webpage. Still, there is no robust and accurate software solution to detect the phishing attacks. The purpose of the research is to use both URL and contents of the webpage to identify the phishing. The proposed work is to build an automated and hybrid model using Random Forest (RF) algorithm in Machine learning with the Convolutional Neural network algorithm (CNN) in Deep Learning is applied to detect and classify the phishing in URL and web page contents in an automated manner .


d'etre which the author assigns for his work. So far as the main part of the book is concerned, namely, that which relates to surgery, it may well be doubted whether such a manual as this was in any way needed. There are several small text-books and works on minor surgery which cover this part of the field, and do it more fully and more thoroughly than our author. But the peculiar feature of this work is, that it includes not merely surgical emergencies, but those also which belong rather to medicine, e. g. emergencies arising in parturition and in cases of poisoning. Looking at its entire scope, we doubt whether there is any book which is designed to occupy the whole of this ground; and we may, therefore, believe that it will be useful, that it will help some of our professional brethren in sudden exigencies, andthus contribute to lessen human


This study investigated daily changes in susceptibility to insecticides in the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The daily rhythm of permethrin susceptibility in fifth instar larvae of the p63-silkworm strain was significant, with the lowest mortality rate during the late photophase under a 12-h light–12-h dark cycle. The rhythms were similar whether permethrin was intraperitoneally injected into hemolymph or topically applied to the dorsal abdomen. Drug intake through the cuticle probably did not significantly contribute to the organization of this susceptibility rhythm. We also found that the daily susceptibility profiles depended on insecticide type and silkworm strain. Temporal susceptibility variations might be attributable to the drug metabolic system. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an insecticide susceptibility rhythm in the larval stage of lepidopteran insects. Specifically timed delivery of insecticides might enable more efficient control of pest caterpillars that cause serious crop damage.


An embodiment of the invention discloses a wristband type mobile terminal and a control method thereof. The wristband type mobile terminal comprises a terminal body, a circular band and a connecting component, wherein the terminal body comprises a display screen surface and a back surface which are oppositely arranged, the display screen surface is used for displaying content and touch operations, the back surface comprises an accommodating part, the circular band is accommodated in the accommodating part, and the connecting component is arranged between the circular band and the terminal body; when the circular band is connected with the terminal body through the connecting component, the wristband type mobile terminal forms a closed circular shape. According to the wristband type mobile terminal and the control method thereof, the circular band can be accommodated in the accommodating part when unnecessary, and then the wristband type mobile terminal is used as a common mobile terminal; the circular band can be connected with two ends of the terminal body when necessary, a user can wear the mobile terminal at the wrist, so that the conditions that the screen size of the mobile terminal is increased and the mobile terminal is inconvenient to carry are effectively balanced, and the portability and the flexibility of the wristband type mobile terminal are improved.


Environmentalists and ecologists typically regard invasive species as ecologically detrimental and undesirable. Although the ecological impacts of invasive species are well documented, less attention has been devoted to the sociocultural contexts guiding responses to species invasion. In this study the roles of invasive species are reconsidered through three prominent green spaces in Toronto, Canada: the Don Valley Brick Works, High Park, and the Leslie Street Spit. The case studies challenge popular negative assumptions about invasive species and suggest that they can serve important functions both for local ecosystems and for human communities. The case studies also provide lessons on the tension between and within different environmental imaginaries informing invasive species management. Invasives are often compatible with recreational interests, whereas naturalization efforts are ecologically sensitive and costly. Invasives can help restore human‐made wastelands, and naturalization efforts often benefit wealthy rather than poor neighborhoods.


A method for touching telephony chat based on internet community forum and NGN telecom network system, includes: users entering internet community forum and selecting a telephony chat object; judging whether the chat object is permitted to call through a Web server, according to register information of chat objects; if so, obtaining telephone numbers of the chat objects through a Web server, according to register information of the chat object; through a Web server, conveying subscriber telephone numbers stored in the Web server and the obtained telephone numbers of the chat objects to a NGN application server; upon receiving the conveyed subscriber telephone numbers and telephone numbers of the chat objects, the NGN application server indicating a soft exchanging server to connect these subscribers, and then connecting to the chat objects through the soft exchanging server, thereby realizing the telephony chat between the subscribers and the chat objects.


Purpose: Apicularen A has been shown to cause growth inhibition and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. However, the mechanisms of apicularen A ^ induced cell death and in vivo effects remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of apicularen A ^ induced cell death in HM7 human colon cancer cells in vitro and anticancer activity in vivo. Experimental Design:We tested cytotoxicity with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide, apoptosis with DNA fragmentation assay, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle with fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Caspase activation was done by fluorometry. Alterations of microtubule structure, tubulin protein, and mRNA level were assessed by immunofluorescence,Western blot, and reverse transcription-PCR. In vivo studies were assessed using nude mice tumor cell growth in xenograft model and liver colonization assay. Results: Apicularen A treatment of HM7 cells inhibited cell growth and this inhibition was partially rescued by z-VAD-fmk. Apicularen A caused accumulation of sub-G1-G0, DNA fragmentation, Fas ligand induction, and activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, but mitochondrial membrane potential was not changed. Furthermore, h-tubulin protein andmRNAwere decreased by apicularen A, but in vitro polymerization of tubulin was not affected. Concurrently, apicularen A ^ treated cell showed disruption of microtubule architecture. In in vivo studies, apicularen A reduced tumor volume by f72% at the end of a 15-day treatment. Moreover, apicularen A reduced liver colonization as much as 95.6% (50 Ag/kg/d). Conclusion: Apicularen A induces cell death of HM7 cells through up-regulating Fas ligand and disruption of microtubule architecture with down-regulation of tubulin level. These findings indicate that apicularen A is a promising newmicrotubule-targeting compound. Apicularen A was initially isolated from myxobacterial genus Chondromyces (1). It is a macrolide, which is characterized by a salicylic residue as part of a 10-membered lactone bearing an acylenamine side chain (1). Apicularen A is highly cytotoxic to several cells with IC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 3 ng/mL and is considered a potent anticancer lead compound due to its strong cytotoxicity (1). Recently, it was reported that apicularen A is able to induce apoptosis in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells (2) and in HL-60, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (3). The nitric oxide, produced by the apicularen A treatment, has also been reported to participate in apicularen A–induced apoptosis (4). In addition, apicularen A has been reported to be a novel specific vacuolar ATPase inhibitor (5, 6). However, the mechanisms that lead to cell death by apicularen A and in vivo studies on apicularen A are limited. Apoptosis is dependent on the activities of caspase proteases (7–9) and is accompanied by characteristic morphologic changes, such as chromatin compaction, membrane blebbing, and cell shrinkage (10). The apoptotic cascade can be initiated via the death receptor or mitochondrial pathways (7–9). The Cancer Therapy: Preclinical Authors'Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, and Research Institute forMedical Science, ChungnamNational University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Unigen, Inc., Chungnam, Republic of Korea; Division of Ocean Science, Korea Maritime University, Busan, Republic of Korea; and Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Received 6/11/07; revised 7/20/07; accepted 8/1/07. Grant support: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of South Korea grant 00-PJ2-PG1-CD02-0007. Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Clinical Cancer Research Online (http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Requests for reprints:Byung-DooHwang, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Munhwa-dong, Jungu, Daejeon 301747, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-42-580-8222; Fax: 82-42-580-8121; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com or Kyu Lim, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Munhwa-dong, Jungu, Daejeon 301747, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-42-580-8223; Fax: 82-42-580-8121; E-mail: email@example.com. F2007 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1428 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2007;13(21) November1, 2007 6509 Cancer Research. on January 29, 2018. © 2007 American Association for clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from death receptor pathway is triggered by members of the death receptor superfamily, that is, a binding of CD95 ligand to CD95 induces receptor clustering and death-inducing signaling complex formation, which recruits via the adopter molecule FADD, multiple caspase-8 molecules resulting in caspase-8 activation (7–9). On the other hand, the mitochondrial pathway is triggered by cytochrome c and released from mitochondria, which then associates with Apaf-1 followed by procaspase-9 to form apoptosome (7–9, 11, 12). These two pathways converge at the level of caspase-3 activation. The majority of chemotherapeutic agents trigger the mitochondrial pathway (13–15), although the death receptors have also been reported to be involved in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis (16–20). Microtubules are dynamic polymers that play crucial roles in various cellular functions (21). Especially, their pivotal role in mitosis makes them a target for the development of anticancer drugs (22). A large number of chemically diverse compounds are able to bind tubulin or microtubules and inhibit proliferation by acting on mitotic spindles. Some of these compounds (Vinca alkaloids and colchicines) inhibit microtubule polymerization, whereas others (taxanes) stabilize microtubules (21, 23, 24). However, although these compounds exert opposite effects on microtubules, both types of microtubuleinterfering agents share the common property of suppressing microtubule dynamics and thereby microtubule function, which leads to mitotic spindle function disruption and the blocking of cell cycle progression at the transition from prometaphase/metaphase to anaphase (22). However, there have not been any published studies on agents that disrupt microtubule networks by down-regulating tubulin synthesis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of apicularen A on the HM7 cells in vitro and in vivo. The investigation showed that apicularen A induces apoptosis and that apoptosis is involved in the induction of Fas ligand (Fas-L), activations of caspase-8, and downstream caspases. We further showed that apicularen A induces microtubule network disruption by down-regulation of tubulin synthesis. These combined effects of apicularen A on HM7 cells are believed to describe the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of apicularen A on HM7 cells. Materials andMethods Reagents. Apicularen A [2,4-heptadienamide, N -[(1E)-3-[(3S ,5R , 7R ,9S)-3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-7,14 dihydroxy-1-oxo-5,9-epoxy1H -2-benzoxacyclododecin-3-yl]-1 propenyl]-, (2Z ,4Z)-(9CI)] was provided by Dr. Ahn (Division of Ocean Science, Korea Maritime University, Busan, Republic of Korea). It was dissolved in DMSO at 100 mmol/L and stored at -70jC. Goat anti-caspase-3 polyclonal antibody was purchased from R&D Systems. Rabbit anti-Bcl-2, phosphorylated Bcl-2 (Ser), and Bcl-XL polyclonal antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Goat anti-poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), rabbit anti-Fas, and rabbit anti-Fas-L polyclonal antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Technology. Anti-h-tubulin monoclonal antibody (mAb; TUB2.1) and other agents were purchased from Sigma Chemical. Cell line and cell culture. Human colon carcinoma cell line HM7 was a gift from Young S. Kim (Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA). Cells were cultured in DMEM (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated (56jC, 30 min) fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 Ag/mL streptomycin at 37jC in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO2. The cells used in experiments were no older than 15 passages. Measurement of cell survival. To measure cell survival, 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays were used (11). Briefly, 5 10 cells were plated in a 96-well microtiter plate and incubated for 24 h. The cultured cells were treated with various concentrations of apicularen A for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Then, the treated cells were incubated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (0.5 mg/mL) at 37jC for 4 h. After dissolving the resulting crystals in DMSO, plates were read in a microplate reader at 570 nm with a SpectraMax Plus (Molecular Devices). Control contained the same concentration of DMSO as the apicularen A–treated cells. Flow cytometry. Apoptosis was measured by determining cellular DNA content by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry (25). Briefly, 1 10 cells were plated in a six-well microtiter plate and cultured for 24 h. The cultured cells were treated with 10 nmol/L apicularen A for 48 h. At the end of each treatment, the cells were trypsinized and fixed in 70% ethanol at -20jC for at least 30 min. Before analysis, cells were washed once in PBS and stained with PBS containing 50 Ag/mL propidium iodide and 50 Ag/mL RNase for 30 min at 37jC. Analyses were done by FACScan flow cytometry (FACSCalibur, Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry System) using CellQuest software provided by Becton Dickinson. Cells with DNA contents less than the G1 amount of untreated cells were considered apoptotic. Mitochondria membrane potentials


In connection with the social and economic changes in society and the tasks of reforming the system of special education, questions relating to the assignment of children with impaired intelligence to first-grade enrollment in remedial schools of Type VIII on a scientifically, organizationally, and methodologically sound basis have taken on particular urgency at the present time.


The syntheses of [M(η8-C8H8)(η4-C8H8)](M = Zr, 2 or Hf, 3) and [M{η8-C8H6(SiMe3)2}{η4-C8H6(SiMe3)2}](M = Zr, 4 or Hf, 5) are reported. The η8 and η4 bonding modes for C8H8 were established in the solid state by X-ray analyses, while in solution a single C8H8 environment was observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy even at low temperature in accord with fluxional behaviour for these compounds. Complexes 2–5 behave as Lewis acids toward tetrahydrofuran, NH3 and ButNC and the adducts [Zr(η8-C8H8)(η4-C8H8)(NH3)]6 and [M(η8-C8H8)(η4-C8H8)(CNBut)](M = Zr, 7 or Hf, 8) have been isolated and characterized by X-ray analysis. Crystallographic details: 2, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 13.754(1), b= 7.798(1), c= 12.753(1)A, β= 114.02(1)°, Z= 4 and R= 0.037 for 1267 independent observed reflections; 5, orthorhombic, space group Pca21, a= 14.418(1), b= 11.285(1), c= 18.898(1)A, Z= 4 and R= 0.036 for 2239 independent observed reflections; 6, orthorhombic, space group P212121, a= 9.815(1), b= 14.129(2), c= 9.561(1)A, Z= 4 and R= 0.022 for 1556 independent observed reflections; 7, triclinic, space group P, a= 11.172(1), b= 13.469(1), c= 14.303(1)A, α= 62.80(1), β= 78.01(1), γ= 77.26(1)°, Z= 4 and R= 0.028 for 2994 independent observed reflections.


Experiments were carried out to study the population fluctuations of some insects infesting vegetables and field crops trapped by using light traps and the effect of some temperature and relative humidity on these insects during the two years of investigation at Mansoura region. The obtained results revealed that Agrotis spinifera Hbn. recorded six peaks all the year a round. These peaks were found in the 3 week of March, in the 4 week of April, in the 2 week of June, in last week of July, in the first week of September, and in the end of October, during the two years of study. Agrotis pronuba Led. and Syngrapha circumfelexa L. had four peaks per a year during the period of study. The data showed that Earias insoulana Boised. had five peaks all the year a round and Gryllotalpa africana Pal. recorded three peaks per year. Results indicated that the values of correlation coefficient of the relationship between the average temperature, relative humidity and the population fluctuation of these five insect species during the two years of study, cleared that average temperature and relative humidity parameters exerted varied effect with a value ranged from slight to highly significant correlation during the period of study.


We have detected emission from the luminous carbon star IRC+10216 at 114.222 GHz, which is the frequency of the J=1..-->..0 rotational transition from the first exicted vibrational state of CO. Assuming that this tentative identification is correct, the transition originates from a level at an energy corresponding to 3100 K above the ground state. The emission is probably a maser situated close to the stellar surface pumped by absorption of 2.3 ..mu..m stellar photons in the CO v=0..-->..2 band. The similarity of the line width to that of CO v=0, J=1..-->..0 suggests there is little change in the outflow velocity of the circumstellar shell between the v=1 and v=0 emitting regions; and therefore most of the radial acceleration must occur very close to the star. The v=2 and v=3 states were not detected.


Industrial entrepreneurs formed with public bureaucracy a political pact that was dominant in Brazil from the 1930s to the 1980s. National-developmentalism was the development strategy that they adopted. The economic and political disaster that represented the Plano Cruzado and the world hegemony of neoliberalism since the 1980s were determinant in their loss of power. Fiesp and Iedi were unable to present an alternative discourse to the dominant neoliberal one. Since the 2000s, however, and particularly since the Lula administration, there are signals that they are reorganizing their discourse and giving it a macroeconomic content more consistent with the control of inflation and economic growth.


A multi-channel receiver scheme with simple structure and low-cost design was presented in this paper.A Ka-band millimeter wave receiver with three channels was designed based on the scheme.The superheterodyne structure and secondary down-conversion technology were used for the receiver.The signal from different channel can be received in the same channel by switching different firs local vibration.The spectrum planning was simulated and optimized by ADS software,and thus the appropriate local vibration and intermediate frequency can be chosen.A Ka-band multichannel receiver with simple structure and excellent performance was developed.The main specifications of the receiver were as follows:28.5GHz±100MHz,27.5GHz±100MHz,26.5GHz±100MHz, ripple in band of less than 3dB,noise coefficient of less than 5,gain of 45dB and controlled 30dB gain.


One strain of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus(IBV) was isolated from layer flock which had the symptom of egg drop in Tai'an of Shandong Province, and identified by electron microscope, HA test and animal regressive research. Results of virus neutralization test showed that the isolated virus is a variant strain of IBV. The whole sequence of S1 gene was cloned and analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers which can differentiate between 793/B IBV and other serotypes of IBV. The strain′s serotype can be primary deduced as 793/B.


The invention provides a floating device with a return mechanism and a work station thereof; the floating device is provided with a floating platform, a return guide plate, a locating component and a guide device; the return guide plate is arranged at one side of the floating platform, the locating component and the floating platform are connected in a sliding way, one end of the locating component is pivoted on the return guide plate, the guide device is arranged on the floating platform and is leaned against on the return guide plate by the first liner movement or is separated from the return guide plate, and the guide device leads the floating platform to return to the origin position by the guiding of the return guide plate; in the other embodiment of the invention, the floating device with the return mechanism is applied to a work station platform, the floating platform is matched with the position of an automatic device to grip the automatic position, and after the automatic device leaves, the floating platform returns to the origin position.


This paper investigates the analytical solutions of the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation through the modified Khater method. This method is considered one of the most recent accurate analytical schemes in nonlinear evolution equations where it obtained many distinct forms of solutions of the considered model. The investigated model in this paper is an icon in quantum fields where it describes the wave function or state function of a quantum-mechanical system. The physical characterization of some obtained solutions in our study is explained through sketching them in two- and three-dimensional contour plots. The novelty of our study is clear by showing the matching between our solutions and those that have been constructed in previously published papers.


s : The many cases of Illegal Fishing, threaten the wealth of fisheries and sovereignty of Indonesia. This study aims to explain the urgency of the Follow the Money approach in handling fisheries crime cases by PPNS Fisheries. Then provide concrete recommendations for the Follow the Money implementation in handling fisheries crime cases. This paper is a normative juridical study, which is processed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate the urgency of the Follow the Money approach in handling fisheries crime cases by PPNS Fisheries due to Indonesia's large fishery wealth; the magnitude of the threat of illegal fishing in Indonesia; lack of fisheries crime cases handled by PPNS Fisheries; and the development of the modus operandi of fisheries criminals.


Purpose: To study the effect of nitric oxide (NO) in various concentrations on the nuclear DNA damage in esophageal carcinoma cells. Methods: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used as the donor of NO in vitro, and EC109 esophageal carcinoma cell line as the cell model. The damage effect of NO was examined using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Results: When SNP effected time periods were whether for 8 h or 16 h, the SNP concentrations were increased at each time point, percentages of the comet tail of nuclei were higher and higher, their difference was significant by χ\+2 test (P0.01). Regression analysis indicated that the percentage of the comet tail in the esophageal carcinoma nuclei was highly correlated to the SNP concentration. Conclusion: The damage effect of NO on nuclear DNA depends on its concentration in esophageal carcinoma cells.


The paper is about the ve-domination (vertex-edge d omination) in graphs. Necessary and sufficient conditions are proved unde r which the ve-domination number decreases or increases.


Note presenting an investigation to determine the effects of wing position on the low-speed static longitudinal and static lateral stability of airplane models with fuselages of square and rectangular cross sections and unswept and 45 degree sweptback surfaces. The results of the investigation indicated that at low angles of attack, the complete unswept models with the wing in the high position were more stable or least longitudinally unstable. The results also showed that wing-fuselage interference causes an increase in effective dihedral angle when the wing is moved to the high position.


In order to study the effect of the interface contact status on the geomembrane/geotextile interface strength in landfill site,and taking the interface contactstatus as the only variable,the directsheartestswere carried outby excluding the effects of otherfactors so as to obtain the changes of the geomembrane/geotextile interface contact statuswith normal stress. Through comparing with the results of preloading direct-shear test and normal shear test, the effects of the changes of the geomembrane/geotextile interface contact status on the interface strength were identified. It is found that the wrapping fiber ratio and wrapping fiber density are the major influencing factors on the interface strength peak, and based on this,the connection formula between the incrementof the interface strength peak before and afterpreloading and the wrapping fiber ratio together with the wrapping fiber density is established. The research results show that with the constant normal stress, the changes of the geomembrane/geotextile interface contact status could result in the changes of the interface streugth peak.


A new hybrid security algorithm is presented for RSA cryptosystem named as Hybrid RSA. The system works on the concept of using two different keys- a private and a public for decryption and encryption processes. The value of public key (P) and private key (Q) depends on value of M, where M is the product of four prime numbers which increases the factorizing of variable M. moreover, the computation of P and Q involves computation of some more factors which makes it complex. This states that the variable x or M is transferred during encryption and decryption process, where x represents the multiplication of two prime numbers A and B. thus, it provides more secure path for encryption and decryption process. The proposed system is compared with the RSA and enhanced RSA (ERSA) algorithms to measure the key generation time, encryption and decryption time which is proved to be more efficient than RSA and ERSA.


Asbestos has been used worldwide in a large number of products throughout the 1970 s and 1980s. After the proven influence of asbestos materials on diseases that could have a fatal outcome was confirmed, bans on the use and production of these materials began. However, there are still significant quantities of asbestos waste and materials in the environment and there is a need for safe and permanent solution. As a support to sustainable development by minimizing waste production and harmful emissions as well as by reducing the consumption of natural resources, the circular economy (CE) is recognized in the EU as a leading solution. The main meaning of CE in waste management field is to turning waste into a resource. Considering above-mentioned, this paper presents how to resolve a problem of asbestos waste that is currently and will continue to be present. Instead of occupying the space, which is also a valuable resource, with landfills that also raise cost, asbestos can be used in construction material industry. Paper presents estimated amounts of asbestos waste, proposal for appropriate waste collection, treatment and market placing of a new product in Serbia. The conclusion of the paper is that the presented model of circular economy for asbestos in Serbia is feasible, in this way it would be possible to achieve some incomes from material selling and, also, releasing some space. In addition, for the implementation of this model of asbestos management, it is necessary to have Government involvement through investment in infrastructure and improvement of legislation.


The current macroeconomic situation shows that it is difficult for domestic enterprises to withstand the effects of threats. Therefore, research in this direction remains relevant in the future. The development of methodological recommendations for solving the problems of financial and economic security of enterprises and organizations is aimed, first of all, in determining the most vulnerable directions of activity of enterprises and to choose the optimal tools for activating their work. The article deals with subsystems of production and management of the enterprise, outlines the main directions of its physical deterioration of production assets, which will lead to increased costs for product quality control and the growth of defective products; increase in production costs; reduction in the number of orders and sales contracts; increase in the cost of production and a sharp decline in labor productivity; an increase in the amount of illiquid working capital and, as a result, the presence of excess stockpiles; a significant decrease in sales volumes and, as a result, a lack of revenue from sales of products, etc.


Background : Clostridium difficile is the main cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea and the causative agent of antibiotic‐associated colitis. The involvement of C. difficile infection in antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea in the community is poorly documented.


Objective To explore the influence of quality nursing on the treatment of neonatus with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP).Methods 200 neonatus with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into observation group(n=98) and control group(n=102).The observation group was conducted with quality nursing,while the control group was conducted with conventional nursing.Incidence rate of VAP and duration of mechanical ventilation were compared between two groups.Results Duration of mechanical ventilation in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(P0.01),and incidence rate of VAP was significantly lower than that in the control group(P0.01).Conclusion Implementation of quality nursing for neonatus with mechanical ventilation can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and reduce the incidence rate of VAP,so it is worthy of popularization and application.


M. M. Thomas has become the most noted, articulate and leading Indian Christian theologian and WCC, for the second half in the twentieth century. At first, he started his life of faith with what may be called an evangelical and sacramental piety. He has increased, however, interest in religion and society gradually. Thus, the three aspects in Thomas's theology are mingled in an integrated form to set up a theological methodology. Thomas's theology is composed of three aspects generally, which form his proper theological framework, even if it is difficult to discern exact boundaries between the steps of his theological development. He looks for a point of contact with challenging relevance so that the Christian faith can be communicated effectively. Especially, in the dialogue with Thomas's anthropology and Berkhof's viewpoint, Thomas's methodological approach means that his theology is based on his anthropological approach. Thomas tries to resolve the remaining problem through the encounter between the Christian faith and two ideologies which are Gandhism and Marxism. The dialogue between theology and ideologies comes from the fact that Thomas recognizes a preliminary prerequisite. In his first phase he entered in the dialogue with Gandhism. The principle of non-violence(ahimsa) was Gandhi's basic approach to the reality of power understood as body-force. Since Thomas recognized that Gandhian ethics has problems, he developed an appreciation of Marxism as being capable of providing a better tool for the anaysis of society and as a vehicle for effecting radical changes in Indian society. In conclusion, Thomas started as a Gandhian, but his deeper study of social realities led him to appreciate Marxism greatly. Later on, because Marx's theory of religion as a form of "alienation" blends with Barth's understanding of religion as a form of "unbelief," it contributes a great deal to a theology of religion which will develop a humanization as a goal of mission.


Preface. Part One: Introduction. Part Two: Invited talk. Part Three: Knowledge intensive CAD framework. Part Four: Product configuration. Part Five: Constraints. Part Six: Product modeling. Part Seven: Design process. Part Eight: Knowledge intensive design. Index of contributors. Keyword index.


The thermal reaction of citraconic acid (2) in water gives a mixture of products similar to that obtained from itaconic acid (1) in water. After 22 h at 170 °C, the equilibrium composition about 74%, 18%, and 8% 1, 2, and mesaconic acid respectively. At the optimum conditions (170 °C for 3 h), the yield of 1 is 65%. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.


Melting point of even 317 ° C. At a minimum, provided tetrafluoroethylene copolymer having a 372 ° C. and 5 kg (49N) load melt flow index of about 0.60 g / 10 min to about 15 g / 10 minutes (MFI 372/5) (MFI) It is. Further, there is provided a method of forming a shaped article using a copolymer of the foregoing, shaped articles, and such copolymers are made by a composition comprising such copolymers.


Abstract Since 2008, numerous Argentine documentary films have explored the complexities of prison education. Prison education documentaries from other countries usually focus overwhelmingly on the possible success of "rehabilitation." In contrast, this article argues that contemporary Argentine prison education documentaries encourage critical, at times quasi-abolitionist, perspectives on imprisonment by challenging both punitive attitudes and liberal beliefs in the reinserción (reintegration) of prisoners into society. Analyzing the documentaries El almafuerte (dir. Roberto Sebastián Persano, Santiago Nacif Cabrera, and Andrés Martínez Cantó, Argentina, 2009), 13 puertas (dir. David Rubio, Argentina, 2014), Lunas cautivas (dir. Marcia Paradiso, Argentina, 2012), and Pabellón 4 (dir. Diego Gachassin, Argentina, 2017), it draws on insights from film studies and criminology to show how these films provide intersectional and structural critiques of imprisonment. "Touristic" and affective encounters between incarcerated and non-incarcerated people serve to challenge comfortable viewing positions predicated on internal-external carceral and cinematic divides. These films teach spectators that outside spaces, people, and institutions are all central to the meaning, problems, and incoherence of incarceration in Argentina.


Based on the actual situation of reheating furnace in Strip Factory of Baotou Iron and Steel Company, the automatic control system takes computer and PLC as the core. The system is composed of the data collection and processing, burning control, billet reheating, pressure adjusting, accident alarming and protecting, driving module, human machine interface (HMI) and so on. MCGS is adopted to develop the HMI. The system is easy to operate and runs reliably and what is more, it is easy to expand and update.


This research was direction to improve students' speaking skill though YouTube Video and to know how the implementation of the technique improving students' speaking skill in English speaking. This research was accomplished at Eleventh of SMA Wahidiyah Gumukmas Jember in which consisted of 4 students as respondent. To solve students' problem in teaching learning English especially in speaking skill, the researcher applied Classroom Action Research (CAR) designed by Burns which consisted of four phases; planning, acting, observing and reflecting, on each cycle. There were two kinds of data gained in this study; qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data can derive from the observation, fieldnote and interview. Meanwhile, the quantitative data can derive from the pre-test and post-test. The result of this study showed that the implementation of YouTube Video to improve students' speaking skill was successful. It was proven by the data that were collected from this study. The qualitative data showed improvement of the students' motivation, interest and confident to speaking English after the implementation of YouTube Video as media. The result of the test showed improvements in students' speaking score. In pre-test, there was no one students 0% who pass the minimum mastery criterion KKM out of 4 students which the mean score was only 55. Then, in post-test for cycle I, the percentage of students who passed the minimum mastery criterion KKM improve to 50% or 2 out of 4 students passed the minimum mastery criterion KKM with 70 as the mean score. Next, in post-test for cycle II, the mean score was 82. The result of the test shows significant improvement where 100% of the students could achieve the score above the minimum criterion which at least 75. Based on the result above, YouTube Video may be concluded successfully improve students' speaking skill.


This report discusses the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) National Broadband Plan (NBP), which mandated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) is a 360-page document composed of 17 chapters containing 208 specific recommendations directed to the FCC, to the Executive Branch (both to individual agencies and to Administration as a whole), to Congress, and to nonfederal and nongovernmental entities. The ARRA specified that the NBP should "seek to ensure that all people of the United States have access to broadband capability."


In the present study, an SIS epidemic model with a latent period of infection and media awareness as control strategy is proposed. The asymptotic stability of the model is studied for both disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium states with respect to the basic reproduction number R0. It is observed that the coefficient of media awareness m does not affect R0, but significantly affects the level of endemic equilibrium. Further, the specific conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation have been obtained for the endemic equilibrium state. We also performed the sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number and state variables at endemic steady state with respect to the model parameter and identified the respective sensitive parameters. Numerical simulations have been presented in support of our analytic findings.


In numerous epidemiological studies, exposure to particulate matter (PM) has
 been associated with negative health outcomes. It has been established so
 far that the detrimental health effects of particles cannot be explained by
 a single parameter, such as particle mass, as the complexity of chemical
 composition and reactivity of particles are not always represented by the
 mass loadings. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles represents
 a promising indicator of their potential toxicity. To develop strategies and
 regulations at improving the air quality, an increasing number of studies
 are focused on the application of source apportionment (SA) of PM., while a
 limited number of SA investigations have been applied to OP. In this review
 previous research of SA of atmospheric PM oxidative potential and proposed
 guidelines for future studies are summarized. Most of the research studies
 were carried out in an urban area and focused on PM2.5, while few studies
 examined other PM fractions. It was noted that the three dominant
 contributors to OP were biomass burning (9-97%), secondary aerosols (6-67%)
 and traffic/vehicles (16-88%). The presence of other factors that
 contributed to the increase of OP to a lesser extent depended on the
 location and season. Further, a considerable discrepancy in the
 contribution of various OP vs. PM sources was discovered using SA models.
 Because of this, the use of SA is not equivalent when considering the mass
 of PM and its toxicity.


Life is not possible without water, so we need to supply enough water to sustain well in life. Insufficiency of clean water is a major problem for urban communities today. For this reason, it is necessary to estimate the required amount of water. Thisissue will be slowly reduced by planning clean water supply in cities. This study was conducted as a case study in Palopo City, South Sulawesi. The population data is used as a reference when calculating domestic water requirements. The main objective of this study is to measure the clean water needs of community in Palopo City over a forecast period of up to 20 years. As a result of this study, the city of Palopo's water demand in 2027 is 29,510.37 m3/person/day for domestic use and 10,773.95 m3 for non-domestic use including water loss due hydrants and leaks. 31,685.72 m3/person/day for households in 2032, 13,493.76 m3/person/day for ordinary households, 33,744.08 m3/person/day for ordinary households in 2037, 13,884.27 m3/person/day for ordinary households, 35,741.65 m3/person/day for households and 14,183.00 m3/person/day for non-households. The city of Palopo's water production from multiple sources is 65,664.00 m3/day. At the end, it can be concluded that water needs in Palopo City will be quantitatively met by 2042.


This study applied the combination of plasma-activated water (PAW) and mild heat (40 °C and 55 °C) for the decontamination of Bacillus cereus spores in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). In this study, PAW combined with 40 °C and 55 °C (PAW-40 and PAW-55) achieved 1.54 and 2.12 log10 CFU g−1 reductions of B. cereus spores in rice after 60 min exposure, which was significantly higher than the inactivation level (0.72 log10 CFU g−1) induced by PAW treatment alone. The assays for the leakage of intracellular contents (nucleic acids, proteins, dipicolinic acid-DPA) and the propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence probe confirmed that the combination of PAW and mild heat caused significant damages on the intact multilayered structure of B. cereus spores than the individual PAW did. The application of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) provided a direct observation for the visible disruption of external structure and leakage of intracellular components caused by the combination of PAW and mild heat. Besides, the combination of PAW and mild heat caused no adverse effect on the texture and sensory qualities of the rice after cooking. These findings provide some knowledge for the application of PAW combined with mild heat for the decontamination of spores in rice.


The HIV/AIDS pandemic has negatively affected womens reproductive health and maternity care around the globe. In sub-Saharan Africa and other low-resource settings particularly those affected by conflict rates not only of HIV/AIDS but also other sexually transmitted infections (STI) and blood borne infections are rising. Women are disproportionately at risk for heterosexual transmission due to a combination of physiological and cultural factors. Women who work as nurses and midwives are also at increased risk of transmission due to workplace exposure and those whose work exposes them to large quantities of body fluids such as nurses in labor and delivery wards are at highest risk. This In Focus series includes reports from three groups of researchers who either live or work in low-resource settings affected by HIV/AIDS and rising STI rates. (excerpt)


This study was designed to determine the nature and occurrence of hesitation phenomena in spontaneous speech of native and non-native speakers, and to determine whether and to what extent the hesitation phenomena normal in spontaneous speech pose perception problems for non-native speakers. A quantitative analysis reveals that hesitation phenomena are ubiquitous in both native and non-native speech production. A qualitative analysis based on a content-processing classification framework reveals the function of hesitations. Hesitations act as overt traces of prospective and retrospective speech-processing tasks which function to forestall errors, and to permit detection and repair of errors once they are committed. Hesitations are quality control devices; native and non-native speakers are highly successful utilizing them to forestall errors. However, hesitation phenomena clearly pose perception problems for non-native speakers who show little evidence of recognizing them as such. Like native speakers, non-native speakers produce hesitation phenomena. Unlike native speakers, who edit and filter out the hesitations they hear, non-native speakers attempt to assign meaning to speakers' faulty output or to parenthetical remarks. Hesitations are unpredictable in their frequency or occurrence; failure to provide training in these oral discourse features of connected speech may result in non-native speakers whose speech production vastly outstrips their perception.


We report on parametric amplification in dynamic radiation force produced by a bichromatic acoustic beam in a fluid. To explain this effect we develop a theory taking into account the nonlinearity of the fluid. The theory is validated through an experiment to measure the dynamic radiation force on an acrylic sphere. Results exhibit an amplification of 66 dB in water and 80 dB in alcohol as the difference of the frequencies is increased from 10 Hz to 240 kHz.


Topographical measurements by AFM and other manometer scanning probes often do not adequately distinguish between phases along composite surfaces. In the case of insulator structures (e.g., thin films; particles) on metal substrates, manometer scans of electrical conductivity offer a convenient tool for interpreting topography. Electrical contact is made with commercial Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} AFM tips coated with Au, Ag, W, or Au-Pd. Voltages ranging from 100 mV to 10 volts are applied to the tip and the metal substrate is grounded through an electrometer to measure the resulting current. The tips are mounted in a commercial AFM (Digital Instruments Nanoscope III); topographical and current scans are acquired simultaneously in the contact mode. Freshly grown, 300-nm thick, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films on stainless steel substrates yield no measurable current. Thinner films or those exposed to mechanical abrasion exhibit numerous patches with two current levels-sub {mu}A and > {mu}A signals - which often correlate with topography. We interpret these signals and discuss possible applications to thin film characterization and tribology.


The external and IBEX) have detected it. The sunspot cycle, the surface temperature, the reverse temperature gradient and external energy supply that our star receives. In fact, all the basic features of the Sun are in complete disagreements (or in direct contradictions) with the co physical reality our star is not an isolated celestial body, but rather it is linked permanently to the Universe of matter. Furthermore, the Sun by inducing current from high energy particles (cosmic rays). And yes, its radiated energy is the result of nuclear fusion, except that this nuclear f words, the process of nuclear fusion interactions between the sun's layers and the external energy source which is transported by c galactic magnetic fields. More importantly, the sun converts energy to mass, not the other way around. Nonetheless, those simplified it by ignoring the roles of magnetic fields and rotation. They assumed that the sun is spherically symmetric and neutral object. Based on real solar physics, the Su charged celestial object, where interaction of magnetic fields and rotation have the dominant roles on the solar surface, over the corona and in the solar interior. In addition to that, the physical mechanism of the Heliosphere i energy cosmic particles that power the sun are modulated by the Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) and the Solar Polar Fields (SPF). The increasing phase of the external energy sup solar minimum


Smartphone-powered data collection systems are rapidly becoming an effective method of gathering field data. One major challenge of using smartphones to collect data is the ability to link smartphone metadata, such as location ata specific time, back to the user–thereby violating the privac y of that individual. A promising approach to helping ensure user privacy is through geographical k-anonymity, which attempts to ensure that every gathered data reading is geographicall y indistinguishable from k other readings. The approach helps prevent precise localization of the user or reverse enginee ring of reported data by leveraging the user's known location. This paper presents a dynamic tesselation algorithm for k-anony mity that provides better privacy preservation and data reporting precision that previous static algorithms for k-anonymity. The paper presents empirical results from a real world data set that demonstrate the improvements in privacy provided by the algorithm.


Abstract For Mediterranean soils, infiltration has a particular behaviour owing to a layered profile with two very different horizons: a sandy permeable layer overlying a clayey hard layer. The equations of Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis and Philip can be used to describe the infiltration process into irrigated soils. Their potential for fitting infiltration for Mediterranean soils is analysed. The volume-balance technique presented by Elliott and Walker using data from the irrigation advance phase is applied to find the parameters of the infiltration equations pertinent to each irrigation event. On Mediterranean soil, the rate of irrigation advance decreases quite slowly and stays nearly constant. This characteristic is the reason for negative values to arise for the exponent of time in the Kostiakov-Lewis equation, if determined by the volume-balance technique, as was observed for experimental furrows in the present work. Negative values were also obtained for the constant in the second term of the Philip equation, as advance was relatively linear. No negative values were found for any of the Kostiakov terms. Of the three equations, this is the sole one whose parameters are generally obtainable by the volume-balance technique in Mediterranean soils. For the 20 irrigation events analysed, the Kostiakov equation described infiltration best of the three equations, with an average absolute error of 6·5% and standard deviation of 4·8%.


A forced gradient tracer test has been performed in a quaternary aquifer in the Belgian coastal plain. A volume of salt water was injected in the ground water reservoir and pulled towards a pumping well. The movement of the tracer was followed with a geophysical monitoring tool, the focussed electromagnetic induction log. The major advantage of this system is that continual vertical profiles can be obtained in PVC-cased wells, making detailed study of tracer breakthrough possible. Practical applicability is illustrated by the study of layered and lateral heterogeneity of the phreatic aquifer in the Belgian coastal plain near the village of Houtave.


The rise of social media allows every user to share and immediately publish their views. Today, the problem of fake news has obtained significant consideration among researchers due to its harmful nature to deceive the people of the society. It has created an alarming situation in the world. News ecosystem evolved from a small set of trusted and regulated sources to numerous online news sources. Fake news has an adverse impact on society as it may manipulate public opinions. Thus, it is essential to investigate the credibility of news articles shared on social media outlets. In this paper, we have designed an effective deep neural network that is capable of handling not only the content of the news article but also the user-relationships in the social network. We have designed our proposed approach using tensor factorization method. A tensor expresses the social context of news articles formed by a combination of the news, user, and user-group information. Our proposed method (DeepNet) has validated on a real-world fake news dataset: BuzzFeed and Fakeddit. DeepNet outperforms from existing fake news detection methods by employing deep architecture with different kernelsizes convolutional layers combining news content and social context-based features.


The utility model discloses a large power transformer iron core pulling plate which comprises a pulling plate, a reinforcing plate connected with the lower end of the pulling plate, and a pulling threaded rod connected with the upper end of the pulling plate. The pulling plate is composed of at least two S690D alloy steel plates which are horizontally placed in sequence and at equal intervals. The large power transformer iron core pulling plate utilizes a plurality of the S690D alloy steel plates which are arranged at equal intervals to replace traditional monoblock pulling plates which are provided with through grooves, thereby achieving functional integration of tight claming and lifting, simplifying the structure, consciously reducing added losses of the pulling plate while guaranteeing mechanical strength, and meeting requirements of users to the utmost extent.


In 2010, thousand cankers disease (TCD) was documented in Tennessee, representing the first confirmation of this disease in the native range of black walnut and the first known incidence of TCD east of Colorado. Tennessee Department of Agriculture personnel conducted surveys to determine the extent of TCD in counties in eastern Tennessee. Samples of symptomatic black walnuts were sent to the University of Tennessee for processing. The causative agents, walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, and the fungal pathogen Geosmithia morbida, were documented on the same trees in four counties. Tree mortality was observed in two counties, and tree decline was observed in at least 10 counties although it may be attributed to previous droughts or to TCD. In 2010, four confirmed counties were quarantined by TDA, and 10 buffer counties were also regulated. Research is underway to further assess the incidence and impact of TCD on black walnut in Tennessee.


SUMManY. Analtsis of 30 countqt music songs in which alcohol is a theme sug- gests that the ltrics reflect a deep-seated ambivalence about drinking in American societt. will be used as a means to facilitate certain kinds of behavior or to assuage problems the incidence of alcohol problems is much higher than in those where expectations are that it be used for ceremonial functions (3). The purpose of the present study was to examine the current image of alcohol use in country music, an element of American popular cul- ture in which alcohol use and misuse has long been a major theme (4, 5). In country music the simple ideal and real values of the southern and southwestern regions of the United States, as well as middle-America generally, are explicitly stated. The lyrics affirm a simple moral and ethical code shared by many members of the lower-middle and working classes and by those whose class origins are in these two groups. Therefore, analysis of such lyrical expressions provides an opportunity to explore values common to large segments of the popu- lation.


This paper examines antenna implementations for the different communication links in a HAPS network i.e. service, inter-HAPS and feeder links. In this context, antenna implementation covers form-factor, size, steering and platform mounting templates. Antenna implementations vary significantly from one HAPS platform to another including proprietary and regulatory induced variations. Achieving the levels of link stability and performance demanded by current digital trends involves a steep technology and cost curve. This work proposes standardisation of HAPS antenna implementation to harmonise how antennas are implemented from design to installation. Accelerating the adoption of HAPS will require innovation at all levels of the HAPS technology value chain and antenna implementation is high up this chain.


The titled compound (3) was prepared by treating commercially available 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine successively with sodium hydride, methyl iodide, and N-bromosuccinimide, and its structure was ascertained by X-ray analysis. The reaction of 3 with certain aliphatic nitriles and LDA gave typical 7- and 6-addition products via aryne (4) in ratios of ca. 85:15, 5:6, respectively. However, treatment of 3 with certain primary and secondary amines and the corresponding lithiated amide afforded a single 7-aminated product (7) in good yields in each case


Non‐compliance in the contact lens field has been widely documented and discussed. The major areas of non‐compliance in contact lens wear have been highlighted as the lack of hand and lens case hygiene, the over‐wearing of contact lenses, the poor attendance of patients at aftercare appointments and the inadequate use of care and maintenance systems. Education is one of the factors thought to influence compliance. A prospective, randomized, controlled and double masked study was performed to assess the effect of a 'compliance enhancement strategy' on levels of compliance among contact lens wearers over 12 months. Eighty experienced contact lens patients were randomly allocated to two experimental groups. A standard level of contact lens instruction was applied to the first group, and in addition extra education was applied to patients in the second group. Patients were given free supplies of ReNu multipurpose solution and Medalist 38 soft contact lenses (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, New York). Compliance levels were assessed at a 12‐month aftercare appointment by demonstration and questionnaire. The results indicate that the additional education had a significant effect on the compliance levels of the patients to whom it was applied. The population of contact lens wearers were generally very compliant and the contact lenses and care regimen were clinically successful. In this paper the results for the whole study population are compared to those reported in previous compliance studies. The results are found to be similar in many areas and suggest that practitioners should be encouraged to review the compliant behaviour of their contact lens patients at every aftercare appointment, paying particular attention to the areas of frequent non‐compliance highlighted.


The objective of this work was to quantify the economic losses caused by a botulism outbreak among
beef cattle in a semi-containment regime. The animals were fed corn silage and commercial feed and had
access to a pasture of Guinea grass (
Panicum maximum
). Of the 150 steers in the herd, 22 (14.6% morbidity
rate) presented clinical signs compatible with botulism and died (100% lethality rate). The 22 steers
were clinically evaluated and eight were necropsied. The carcasses were evaluated macroscopically, and
samples of the main organs were collected for laboratory testing. Ruminal and intestinal contents, and
samples of the silage and animal feed provided were also collected. Botulinum toxin type C was identified
in the ruminal contents of one steer and in the corn silage. Herein, the epidemiology, clinical signs, and
laboratory findings regarding botulinum intoxication are emphasized for this outbreak. Our findings show
the importance of keeping the silage well preserved because this represented a means of neurotoxin
transmission that generated economic damage to the producer.


A toxicological experiment was done to test the effects of long-term drinking artificial beverages containing high concentration of citric acid on the physiological responses of mice. The results showed that long-time drinking beverages containing 5% citric acid could cause liver damage.


Disclosed is a stabilizer capable of providing a polypropylene resin (PP resin) with high thermal stability. Also disclosed is a PP resin composition having high stability into which the stabilizer is added. Specifically disclosed is a stabilizer containing a copolymer (A) which is obtained by polymerizing an unsaturated monomer mixture composed of 1-50 parts by mass of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a) represented by the general formula (I) below and having a piperidyl group in a molecule, 50-99 parts by mass of at least one monomer (b) selected from isobutyl methacrylates, alkyl (meth)acrylates having an alkyl group with 6-13 carbon atoms and aromatic vinyl monomers, and 0-20 parts by mass of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c) other than the components (a) and (b) (with the total of the components (a), (b) and (c) being 100 parts by mass). (I) (In the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-2 carbon atoms; X represents an oxygen atom or an imino group; Y represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group).


Investing in new projects and technologies by mature firms is a challenging endeavour that often fails to create lasting significant growth for firms (Jensen, 1993). Investments in entrepreneurial ventures by outsiders such as venture capitalists that often rely on new technology can, however, be even more challenging (Christensen, 2000). Venture capitalists have found ways to reduce the risk associated with new venture investment by reducing the non-systematic risk involved in investing, though much risk remains (Christensen, 2000). They do this by careful due diligence, providing management and personnel assistance, careful monitoring of the investment, and well planned exit strategies. Venture capital is well established in the developed economies, such as in North America, Western Europe, Israel and parts of East Asia where the rule of law is well established and venture capitalists are able to carry out these activities (Bruton, Ahlstrom & Yeh, 2004). It is less well established in emerging markets where a lack of property rights and an enforceable rule of law reduce the systematic market risk and may add to the complexity of the venture capital process (Bruton & Ahlstrom, 2003).


In view of problem such as impermeability capacity and filtration protection of cracks during the operation of gravel earth-rockfill dam,physical model test of crack self-healing in filtration protection case is carried out.And the seepage stability of core-wall and the process of filter protection are simulated when the vertical and penetrability-type horizontal crack appear respectively.The test results show that with the continuous increase of water head,the phenomenon of crack self-healing-crack shaped-crack second self-healing appears,and it is repeated till the failure of connecting upper and lower reaches is formed;the alternant hydraulic gradient will concentrate in core-wall and filter layer in the process of crack developing,which is in favor of the crack self-healing;the design of filter protection and the way of increasing water head play an important role in crack self-healing.


The timing of fall foliage coloration, especially peak coloration, is of great importance to the climate change research community as it has implications for carbon storage in forests. However, its long-term variation and response to climate change are poorly understood. To address this issue, we examined the long-term trends and breakpoints in satellite derived peak coloration onset from 1982 to 2014 using an innovative approach that combines Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) with Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST). The peak coloration trend was then evaluated using both field foliage coloration observations and flux tower measurements. Finally, interannual changes in peak coloration onset were correlated with temperature and precipitation variation. Results showed that temporal trends in satellite-derived peak coloration onset were comparable with both field observations and flux tower measurements of gross primary productivity. Specifically, a breakpoint in long-term peak coloration onset was detected in 25% of pixels which were mainly distributed at latitudes north of 37°N. The breakpoint tended to occur between 1998 and 2004. Peak coloration onset was delayed before the breakpoint while it was transformed to an early trend after the breakpoint in nearly all pixels. The remaining 75% of pixels exhibited monotonic trends, 35% of which revealed a late trend and 40% an early trend. The results indicate that the onset of peak coloration experienced a late trend during the 1980s and 1990s in most deciduous and mixed forests. However, the trend was reversed during the most recent decade when the timing of peak coloration became earlier. The onset of peak coloration was significantly correlated with late summer and autumn temperature in 55.5% of pixels from 1982 to 2014. This pattern of temperature impacts was also verified using field observations and flux tower measurements. In the remaining 44.5% of pixels, 12.2% of pixels showed significantly positive correlation between the onset of peak coloration and cumulative precipitation during late summer and autumn period from 1982 to 2014. Our findings can improve understanding of the impact of changes in autumn phenology on carbon uptake in forests, which in turn facilitate more reliable measures of carbon dynamics in vegetation–climate interactions models.


The present paper deals with some mathematical properties of Freed's method of calculating magnetic resonance line shapes in the slow tumbling region. It is first shown that this method is related to a moment expansion of the spectrum and a general expression for the spectral moments is given. A modification of Freed's approach of solving the spectrum of an axial Hamiltonian is then derived: Rather than truncating the infinite set of Freed's equation, we obtain an approximate solution of the discarded part (using the asymptotic values of the Clebsh‐Gordan coefficients) which are substituted into the retained part of the set. This results in a significant improvement in the convergence of the spectrum and at the same time enables one to compute powder spectra (without motion). Finally the more complicated problem of a spectrum due to a nonaxial Hamiltonian is discussed. A method is derived to transform this ``two‐dimensional'' problem into a one‐dimensional one with lower order.


" Eecently there passed over certain districts of New South Wales a plague of mice, which advanced with the rapidity of an invading army, leaving in their train signs of great destruction and devastation. Their food supplies were drawn from huge stacks of wheat, accumulated owing to the lack of freight. As a result much of the wheat had to be rebaggcd and shifted, and many of those handling it, became infected with a cutaneous eruption, which was diagnosed as ringworm. There was ample evidence that the mice were the causative agent in this spread, for many were seen with patches almost denuded of hair. As the occurrence of a similar epidemic is remote, and as the clinical, and more especially the cultural aspects offer certain peculiarities, as well as the source of the disease, for mice are occasionally the carriers of favus, it seemed to me that it m.ay be of interest to record cases characteristic of this epidemic. The eruptions occurred mostly on the exposed parts, an,d on the hair region of the face numerous and extensive areas of pustulation, the so-called multiple kerion, presented themselves. The case about to be described is typical of the lesions as they affect the glabrous skin. The forearms were the regions involved, and the history given by the patient was that he had been handling wheat some two and a half months ago, but had only observed the lesion fourteen days before seeking medical attention. He states that in appearauce it first resembled goose-skin without any redness, but that later erythema manifested itself, and the lesion spread in a circular mauner. Pruritus was complained of, beiug more noticeable at night-time. On examination lesions in various stages of development were present, a striking feature of the early patches being the rounded, and sharply circumscribed border, in which were scattered on an crythematous base, discrete vesicles, vesico-pustulcs, and pustules, but in these dcsquamation was absent. The more advanced patches showed another phase in which there was a somewhat striking resemblance to chronic eczema. In these, the periphery was not sharply circumscribed as in the earlier lesions, the vesicles and pustules had disappeared, and outlying papules or papulo-vesicles were to be observed, as in chronic eczema, which was also simulated by the surface exhibiting a dry scaly roughness.


In this study,TAT-Oct4 target gene was inserted into pET28a expression vector to construct pET28a-TAT-Oct4 recombinant expression vector. TAT-Oct4 fusion protein was mainly expressed with insoluble inclusion bodies in E.coli. The purity of expression product was more than90% after purification. And the average refolding field is 8.8% using urea gradient dialysis.Immunocytochemistry analysis showed that TAT-Oct4 recombinant protein could penetrate nearly100% cells membrane and was mainly concentrated in nucleus. The method of generating active TAT-Oct4 recombinant protein was established in this article. It provided not only effective study materials for cell reprogramming but also practical method for other reprogramming factors design.


Study Design Retrospective case analysis. Purpose We hypothesized that larger the C1–C2 fusion angle, greater the severity of the sagittal malalignment of C0–C1 and C2–C7. Overview of Literature In our experience, instances of sagittal malalignment occur at C0–C1 and C2–C7 following atlantoaxial fusion in patients with Os odontoideum (OO). Methods We assessed 21 patients who achieved solid atlantoaxial fusion for reducible atlantoaxial instability secondary to OO. The mean patient age at the time of the operation was 42.8 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 4.9 years. Radiographic parameters were preoperatively measured and at the final follow-up. The patients were divided into two groups (A and B) depending on the C1–C2 fusion angle. In group A (n=11), the C1–C2 fusion angle was ≥22°, whereas in group B, it was <22°. The differences in the radiographic parameters of the two groups were evaluated. Results At the final follow-up, the C1–C2 angle was increased. However, this increase was not statistically significant (18° vs. 22°, p=0.924). The C0–C1 angle (10° vs. 5°, p<0.05) and C2–C7 angle (22° vs. 13°, p<0.05) significantly decreased. The final C1–C2 angle was negatively correlated with the final C0–C1 and C2–C7 angles. The final C0–C1 angle (4° vs. 6°, p<0.05) and C2–C7 angle (8° vs. 20°, p<0.05) were smaller in group A than in group B. After atlantoaxial fusion, the C0–C1 range of motion (ROM; 17° vs. 9°, p<0.05) and the C2–C7 ROM (39° vs. 31°, p<0.05) were significantly decreased. Conclusions We found a negative association between the sagittal alignment of C0–C1 and C2–C7 after atlantoaxial fusion and the C1–C2 fusion angle along with decreased ROM. Therefore, overcorrection of C1–C2 kyphosis should be avoided to maintain good physiologic cervical sagittal alignment.


ABSTRACT Chronic acalculous cholecystitis is a controversial disorder, and surgeons are reluctant to perform cholecystectomy in the absence of clear evidence of biliary calculi. This report describ...