1
The cholesterol side-chain cleavage system of bovine adrenal cortex has been studied using extracts of sonicated mitochondria as source of enzymic activity.

2
The system has been found to be inhibited by carbon monoxide, this inhibition being consistent with competition between carbon monoxide and oxygen for an enzymic site.

3
The inhibition by carbon monoxide is reversed by light, the most effective wavelength being 450 mμ. These results suggest the involvement of a haem-containing protein, 'P-450' as the oxygen-binding site in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage system.

4
Attempts have been made to isolate intermediates between cholesterol and pregnenolone. Neither 20α-hydroxycholesterol nor 20α,22-dihydroxycholesterol have been found.


Background: The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been radically changed by the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, few reports have described their role in cardiac metastases. We present a case of a left ventricular metastasis from RCC that was managed with pazopanib therapy. Case Report: A 74-year-old male with stage I RCC underwent right nephrectomy in 2004 and right lung metastasis resection in 2009. He was well till March 2016, when he presented with chest pain. Cardiac catheterization revealed a highly vascular mass in the apex. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left ventricular mass with full-thickness involvement of the myocardium, and the open cardiac biopsy was consistent with metastatic RCC. The patient was initially treated with pazopanib with response but later developed therapy-related side effects, and the dose was reduced. Due to tumor progression, he is currently on nivolumab instead and is stable. Conclusion: RCC with cardiac metastasis poses unique challenges with regard to diagnosis as well as treatment. The use of TKI therapy is associated with cardiotoxicity and has not been adequately studied in cardiac metastasis. Choosing the right treatment for this subgroup of patients continues to pose an ongoing dilemma.


After defining and establishing the central methodological concepts, this paper aims to establish the main forms of conceiving supraindividual criminal protection of legal assets. That is to say, realistic and substantial conception on the protection of so-called diffuse interests, to formalizing conception provided by the notion of collective legal assets. Additionally, based on this prior discussion, it is intended to clarify and define the essential elements of a future proposal on the protection of public economic order as a possible legal collective asset. To conclude, the changes and the necessary distinctions that are required for the implementation of such notion in our legal system are pointed out.


Recent research has determined that coarticulatory information in speech provides important cues to early word segmentation. This experiment investigates whether 7‐month‐old infants' ability to recognize a string requires the presence of appropriate coarticulatory information in the speech familiarization stream. Following familiarization to a string of CV syllables, infants were tested to determine if sequences that co‐occurred in the familiarization string were preferred over those in which the syllables did not appear adjacently during familiarization. Further, the test phase was conducted so that the items had either appropriate or inappropriate coarticulation information. The results indicate that infants tested on items with appropriate coarticulation listened significantly longer to strings that had appeared during familiarization than to the appropriately coarticulated control strings that never occurred together during familiarization. Interestingly, when presented with inappropriate coarticulati...


Pain before and during Herpes Zoster is well known. A new antiviral therapy is suggested. Post-herpetic neuralgia remains more difficult to treat.


Turbulent plane-shear flow is found to show same basic effects of mean-fieldMHD as rotating turbulence. In particular, the mean electromotive force (EMF) includes highly anisotropic turbulent diffusion and alpha-effect. Only magnetic diffusion remains for spatially-uniform turbulence. The question is addressed whether in this case a self-excitation of a magnetic field by so-called sher-current dynamo is possible and the quasilinear theory provides a negative answer. The streamaligned component of the EMF has the sign opposite to that required for dynamo. If, however, the turbulence is not uniform across the flow direction then a dynamo-active α -effect emerges. The critical magnetic Reynolds number for the alpha-shear dynamo is estimated to be slightly above ten. Possibilities for cross-checking theoretical predictions with MHD experiments are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The invention belongs to the field of TV sets and specifically relates to a TV set with built-in double-diaphragm resonant sound boxes. Independent sound boxes are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side in the TV set. Each sound box comprises a box body, a loudspeaker group, a front bass radiator, and a rear bass radiator, wherein the loudspeaker group, the front bass radiator, and the rear bass radiator are arranged in the box body. The front bass radiator is installed on the front wall of the box body. The loudspeaker group is arranged on a side or both the left and right sides of the front bass radiator and is installed on the front wall of the box body. The rear bass radiator is installed on the rear wall, opposite to the front wall, of the box body, and corresponds to the front bass radiator. The TV set increases bass diaphragm area by multiple times by means of double-diaphragm symmetric resonance, greatly enhances a bass effect by means of the resonance, achieves a perfect play within a full audio frequency domain, successfully solves a problem that the thinner a panel TV set is, the poorer a sound effect is, and achieves good images and good sound.


Uberization is understood as a new type of labor control Associated with a process of informalization, it leads to the constitution of a just-in-time worker Based on investigation of app delivery workers we analyze: the participation of young and black workers;algorithmic management and the centralized control of typical global South ways of life Working conditions and political resistance during the Covid-19 pandemic are also discussed © 2020, Novos Estudos CEBRAP All Rights Reserved


The recent sentencing of Robert Tappan Morris for what amounts to reckless computing, prompts the question of what our society needs to do to develop a sense of responsibility among its young computer programmers. Morris, the scion of a professional family, was raised with serious attention to his moral development. His father, Robert Morris, the chief scientist for the National Security Agency's National Computer Security Center, moved the family to a farm, in part, he told the press, to teach his children responsibility : "When you're a little kid and your assignment is to go out and feed the pigs or rabbits or pick up the eggs in the henhouse, it's a different environment," he explained. "What does that responsibility do for anybody? It presents a different view toward life." His efforts do not seem to have been enough where his son was concerned. Robert Tappan Morris released an untested program into a widely dispersed and heavily used set of computer communication networks called Internet. The program interfered with between 3,000 to 6,000 computers. According to a report by Cornell University, "he was so focused on the minutiae of tactical issues that he failed to contemplate the overall potential impact of his creation." Cornell suspended Morris from his graduate studies, concluding that "his behavior, ... can only be described as constituting reckless disregard." The alarming power of this one misplaced program is sobering. A modem is all it takes to get access to many computer networks. That access can quickly lead to many 20 actons? interconnecting networks, as Morris' program demonstrated so alarmingly. It would be far too simple to blame Robert Morris for his son's irresponsible actions. Robert Tapping Morris, as a graduate student, has reached the age our society considers to be adulthood. He is legally responsible for his acts. But has our society adequately communicated Morris' responsibilities to him? I suspect not. We could learn from some so-called "primitive" societies when it comes to teaching our children how to become adult. "Rites of passage" ceremonies have traditionally served to communicate the social expectation that young men and women will assume their roles as adults. Some of these rituals seem cruel, many of them bizarre , but they seem to work for the groups that use them. It is only in our "modern" society that we forfeit the responsibility for rites of passage. The military services, colleges, and …


Conducting polyaniline nanofiber-grafted graphene oxide (PANINF-GO) hybrids were prepared by click coupling of azide-functionalized GO (GO-N3) with aniline monomer-functionalized GO (GO-f-aniline) and then in situ rapid mixing polymerization in the presence of aniline. The successful synthesis of the PANINF-GO hybrids was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chemical and electronic structures of polyaniline and GO could be largely preserved during covalent grafting via click chemistry, which was attributed to the enhanced electrical properties of the hybrids. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the polyaniline was embedded on the GO surface in the form of a fibrous morphology with covalent bonding. The click coupled hybrids of PANINFs and GO in this study demonstrated excellent electrochemical properties and high stability over repeated cycles.


Soil and water conservation benefits and vegetation growth in selected plots with different covers were analyzed based on the observed data on the No 280 spontaneous combustion gangue slope in the Coal Mine III,Yangquan Coal Industry Group,Shanxi Province.Results indicate that the plots covered by mixed material of gangue with loess have significant soil and water conservation benefits,accompanying favorable vegetation recovery.Meanwhile,soil moisture content in the coal gangue plots is accumulated with the increased gangue cover.Among the selected plots covered by the mixed gangue with loess,the one with the gangue cover intervals of 0.15~0.25 m and gangue cover degrees of 35%~45% is the optimal cover measure for soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration.


The olfactory organs of 6 rainbow fish species were studied, and were compared with those of closely related cyprinodonts. It has been found that, in contrast to cyprinodonts, the olfactory mucosa of rainbow fish is more conspicuously thrown up into folds. Their arrangement in parallel is considered a relatively primitive character of the organ. Electron microscopic investigations on Nematocentris maccullochi have shown that the sensory epithelium consists of basal, supporting, and two types of receptor cells, ciliated and microvillous. As in cyprinodonts the receptor cell cilia exhibit a basic 9 + 0 microtubular pattern. In Nematocentris the frequency of receptor cells, between 200,000 and 250,000 per mm2, is lower than in cyprinodonts. It may be suggested that the lower density is compensated for by enlargement of the sensory area due to the folding. In addition to broad-surfaced dendritic membrane appositions found in both Nematocentris and cyprinodonts, contacts by means of dendritic spines are found only in the rainbow fish. The olfactory supporting cells of the latter are distinguished from those in cyprinodonts by more prominent lateral interdigitations, centrioles, and the higher number of vesicles associated with extensive Golgi complexes.


A technique of laser-etching repeating micrometer-scale structures into the exit surface of a thin, YAP:Ce scintillator to increase light extraction has been performed. Different etching techniques were performed on a single, monolithic crystal using varying laser power to study how light extraction is influenced by these different treatments. For the best case, a 90.4% increase in light extraction was measured without optical coupling, which compares to photonic crystal techniques. This technique finds application in associated particle imaging (API) where no optical coupling can be used for the alpha detector's scintillator, inside the Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) neutron generator vacuum. The surface characteristics of each treatment are quantified, and changes in light collection relative to a normal, polished surface are presented. Measurement of the number of detected photons is given for the case where no optical coupling is used between the scintillator and photosensor. Additionally, implications of performance improvements in YAP:Ce based alpha transducers within D-T generators, due to the measured increases in light collection, are presented.


The World Health Organization declared the COVID‐19 pandemic on 11 March 2020. In 2021, several vaccines were provisionally approved to reduce the risk of transmission and hospitalisation of COVID‐19 infection. A surge in COVID‐19 vaccination was seen between August and October 2021 in Victoria, Australia. We hypothesised this led to an increase in ED presentations.


To improve the document classification problem, this study proposes a classification algorithm based on mathematical regression model, making Chinese document classification get rid of the dependence on traditional dictionary method. The method of extracting high frequency keywords, establishes the appropriate matrix model, making a high-dimensional document change into a low-dimensiona l document, and then use mathematical regression model to give a comprehensive feature weighting function by corpus training. It explored an approach to avoid the traditional method of the problem of curse of dimensionality.


During the past few years, single chip signal processors have undergone significant advancem:mt. Several manufacturers provide a range of digital signal processing (DSP) chips which can perfonn both fixed and floating point nurrerical c.perations. 'lhe advent of such DSP chips has made it feasible to cost effectively inplem:mt ccnplex DSP algorithms in real ti.ne. However, there are significant differences in the architecture, capabilities and programning strategy as ccnpared to previously available prograrrmable devices, such as micrcproqessors or multiplieraccumula-tors. 'Itle inplem:mtation of ccnplex signal processing algorithms with DSP chips requires careful planning and consideration in both hardware and software architectures. 'Itlose considerations are .inportant in exploiting the full capahililies of these new signal processors.


Optical Bloch oscillation is studied theoretically in planar graded optical waveguide arrays with nearest-neighbor couplings. The gradient in the propagation constants can be achieved with the eletro-optical effect. We identify a variety of normal modes (called gradons) in the waveguide arrays with the aid of a phase diagram. Moreover, the localization properties of the normal modes are characterized and the transitions among these modes are obtained from a picture of overlapping bands. The existence of Bloch oscillation and other oscillations are confirmed by using the field-evolution analysis with various input Gaussian beams. From the results, we obtain a correspondence between gradon localization and Bloch oscillation. This study can be extended to more general waveguide arrays in higher dimensions and with further neighbor couplings. The results offer great potential applications in controlling wave propagation by means of graded materials and graded systems, which can be used to explore the tunability of light manipulation and applied to design suitable optical devices.


After the rapid development of information management of nuclear power construction enterprise at the end of last century,a large number of application management information systems were completed.But most of them were confined to a single project management,which formed separated information islands,and was lack of effective communication.As nuclear power construction has been actively promoted in China,enterprises make full use of information technology for effective integration of management at all levels to achieve the indepth development in human,financial,and material resources and to steadily promote the organizational reform,so that enterprises can constantly improve their management concepts to adapt to the new competitive environment.


The detection limit of an analytical method tells how low a concentration can be said to be measured. Users, laboratories, and equipment manufacturers prefer low ones. Industries under environmental regulation insist on honest ones. However, the detection limits of environmental regulations generally refer to relatively complex detection experiments (assays) or surveys that differ from the simple measurement operation that gave rise to the detection limit concept in analytical chemistry. The first contribution of this article is to clarify the limited scope of the simple definition and then define the population quantity that is being estimated. Such specificity allows alternative estimates to be evaluated more on statistical grounds of bias and variance rather than on whether they push the resulting value up or down. The fundamental statistical problem is to fit a variance function so that the derived relative standard deviation (RSD) function of concentration is smooth and monotone decreasing and thus can be inverted. The solution is to accept the best-fitting analytical version of the RSD function (log-log and hybrid models are described), fit it, invert it to get the point estimate, and provide a jackknife standard error.


15N relaxation data for Ca2+‐bound rat β‐parvalbumin (a.k.a. oncomodulin) were analyzed using the Lipari‐Szabo formalism and compared with existing data for rat α‐parvalbumin. Although the average S2 values for the two proteins are very similar (0.85 for α, 0.84 for β), residue‐by‐residue inspection reveals systematic differences. α tends to have the lower S2 value in helical regions; β tends to have the lower value in the loop regions. Rat β was also examined in the Ca2+‐free state. The 59 assigned residues displayed an average order parameter (0.90) significantly greater than the corresponding residues in the Ca2+‐loaded form. The pentacarboxylate variants of rat β—S55D and G98D—also were examined in the Ca2+‐bound state. Although both mutations significantly heighten Ca2+ affinity, they utilize distinct energetic strategies. S55D improves the Ca2+‐binding enthalpy; G98D improves the binding entropy. They also show disparate peptide backbone dynamics. Whereas β G98D displays an average order parameter (0.87) slightly greater than that of the wild‐type protein, β S55D displays an average order parameter (0.82) slightly lower than wild‐type β. Furthermore, whereas just two backbone N‐H bonds in β G98D show internal motion on the 20–200‐psec timescale, fully 52 of the 93 residues analyzed in β S55D show this behavior. These findings suggest that the increased electrostatic repulsion attendant to introduction of an additional carboxylate into the CD site ligand array impedes backbone vibrational motion throughout the molecule.


The standard Gibbs energies of formation of RuO2 and OsO2 at high temperature have been determined with high precision, using a novel apparatus that incorporates a buffer electrode between the reference and working electrodes, The buffer electrode absorbs the electrochemical flux of oxygen through the solid electrolyte from the electrode with higher oxygen chemical potential to the electrode with lower oxygen potential, The buffer electrode prevents polarization of the measuring electrode and ensures accurate data, The standard Gibbs energies of formation (Delta(f)G degrees) of RuO2, in the temperature range of 900-1500 K, and OsO2, in the range of 900-1200 K, can be represented by the equations
Delta(f)G degrees(RuO2)(J/mol) =
-324 720 + 354.21T - 23.490T In T
Delta(f)G degrees(OsO2)(J/mol) =
-304 740 + 318.80T - 18.444T In T
where the temperature T is given in Kelvin and the deviation of the measurement is +/- 80 J/mol, The high-temperature heat ;capacities of RuO2 and OsO2 are measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The information for both the low- and high-temperature heat rapacity of RuO2 is coupled with the Delta(f)G degrees data obtained in this study to evaluate the standard enthalpy of formation of RuO2 at 298.15 K (Delta(f)H degrees(298.15K)). The low-temperature heat capacity of OsO2 has not been measured: therefore, the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of OsO2 at 298.15 K (Delta(f)H degrees(298.15K) and S degrees(298.15K), respectively) are derived simultaneously through an optimization procedure from the high-temperature heat capacity and the Gibbs energy of formation. Both Delta fH degrees(298.15K) and S degrees(298.15K) are treated as variables in the optimization routine, For RuO2, the standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K is Delta fH degrees(298.15K) (RuO2) -313.52 +/- 0.08 kJ/mol, and that for OsO2 is Delta(f)H degrees(298.15K) (OSO2) = -295.96 +/- 0.08 kJ/mol. The standard entropy of OsO2 at 298.15 K that has been obtained from the optimization is given as S degrees(298.15K) (OsO2) = 49.8 +/- 0.2 J (mol K)(-1).


Energy demand, global warming from the fossil fuels and attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emission have placed the centre of attention on how to utilize an alternative sources of energy such as renewable energy technology This work presents the design, fabrication, and evaluation of the performance of Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrator (PTSC) as a source of heat energy. The PTSC is built, having the Supporting stand made of mild steel and reflector is made of the segmented mirror having a reflectivity of 0.85, a rim angle of 90 o and aperture area of 2.5 m 2 and with a concentration ratio of 11.7. The receiver pipes are made of three different materials; copper, aluminum, and stainless steel. The effects of shifts in focal lengths on the performance of the PTSC with three different receivers were investigated. The results reveal copper as a receiver tube conducts heat to the heat transfer fluid better than aluminum and stainless steel receivers. The focal length of 30 cm gave the best results compared to other values of 27 and 35 cm with a maximum temperature of 114.4 o C. The experimental results revealed that useful heat gained, overall heat loss coefficient, collector efficiency factor, heat removal factor, collector and thermal efficiency were 147.8 J, 5.04 W/m 2 K, 0.05, 15.05, 0.032% and 15.5% respectively. The study shows that the Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrator as a source of heat energy gives a promising performance. This concentrator will reduce the dependence on the electric power supply, and it controls pollution emanating from fossil fuel, thereby reducing environmental problems. Keywords : Parabolic Trough Solar Collector, Segmented Mirror, Efficiency, Receivers. DOI : 10.7176/JETP/9-5-03 Publication date :June 30 th 2019


The wave propagation process caused by the penetration of long-period waves into the mouth was investigated through field investigation, taking the Segami River flowing into Hitachi Port in Ibaraki Prefecture as an example. Five wave gauges and current meters were installed around the river mouth and in the river in September, 2002. Long-period waves were measured during two typhoons and one storm. Long-period waves of the period 100-120s selectively invaded the river channel and wave amplitude increased two times that of the river mouth. Numerical simulation was carried out in order to reproduce the long-period waves and to examine measures against long-period waves. As a result, the effectiveness of the pond damping the long-period waves was confirmed.


Densities of Bombus flavifrons and B. rufocinctus were measured over one summer in 23 and 11 discrete subalpine meadows, respectively. I assessed the relation between observed bee densities and meadow size, elevation, floristics, temperature, and time of day by multiple regression. Multivariate regression solutions for each week of observation accounted for 38 to 61% of the variation in density for B. flavifrons and 47 to 87% for B. rufocinctus. Temperature or time of day consistently accounted for the most variation in density of the two species. In early summer meadow size or elevation also accounted for a large proportion of explained variation in B. flavifrons density; as the summer progressed meadow floristics increasingly contributed to the explanation of variation in both species.

In mid- to late summer a statistically significant portion of the variation in densities not explained by habitat characteristics was accounted for by densities of congeners: i.e., densities of B. flavifrons and B. rufocinctus were negatively related in eight meadows where they co-occurred. In experimental meadows where all Bombus but one of the two target species were removed. B. rufocinctus underwent significant positive density compensation but B. flavifrons did not. To the extent that B. flavifrons appeared to limit the density of B. rufocinctus these statistical and experimental results are consistent with the hypothesis that competition limits local bumblebee densities.


Methods are described for making small magnesia crucibles possessing smooth, non-porcus surfaces. Carbomax 4000 was the best temporary bond and lubricant of the msny tested. Typical dies for pressing crucibles are shown and a small oxy-propane furnace is described for firing crucibles up to 19000C. _1


Fatigue has been recognized as a condition that includes physical as well as psychological components. Fatigue is a particularly appropriate symptom-specific measure for young adult university students. During the college years, young adults experience multiple intrapersonal, interpersonal, academic, and financial challenges. Despite considerable attention to fatigue in acute and chronic illnesses, little is known about fatigue in a healthy population. Fatigue is generally described and measured as a multidimensional phenomenon. The present study attempted to determine the rate and severity of fatigue in distance-based education sample of Iranian students by cultural adjustment of appropriate instruments. Target population was the students of Iranian distance education university who were recruited as subject by simple randomize sampling method (No=300). The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and the fatigue severity scale (FSS) are used as measurement instruments. In order to cultural adjustment and validity in Persian language, each instrument translated to Persian by forward-backward method. The internal consistency reliability of the 20 items of the MFI and 9 items of the FSS was 0.8510 and 0.8519 respectively. The dimensions were highly correlated with the MFI composite score, with all r >.70. Results showed that the mean score for MFI was 10.05 ± 2.44. The mean score for fatigue severity scale was 3.54±1.25. MFI and FSS scores showed significance correlation coefficient (r = 0.611 and p<0.01). In conclusion, these analyses support the reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and Fatigue Severity Scale as Persian version in young students. Although the severity of fatigue among subjects was less, but the rate of fatigue was more than mild state. Testing the MFI and FSS in populations of young adults, including non-university students and young adults with are necessary development steps in the validation process for these scales.


The present invention relates to a method for coupling an MRI image of the target to generate and provide an MRI image bound for MRI scanning assembly and thereby high resolution and high contrast. Target MRI image is generated by the different MRI apparatus operating at different field strengths. How to combine MRI image produced by the MRI apparatus operating with different operating parameters and operating protocols are also described.


Universal jurisdiction is resorted to when a territorial state or another state with jurisdictional priority based on the nationalities of perpetrator and victim will not or can not act in order to prevent international crimes stricto sensu (core crimes) or when there is no reaction of international judicial institutions in this respect. Having broad powers in terms of specific links to a prosecuting state and often in terms of perpetrator's presence in a prosecuting state, universal jurisdiction successfully fills these gaps, and takes part in the global effort of the international community to prevent the impunity of the perpetrators of core crimes. Using a comparative method (German, Spanish and Belgian legislation), we endeavored to point out the basic legal features of the matter, thus providing a basis for discussion in Serbian criminal law de lege lata and de lege ferenda. Major issues standing out in this context are universal jurisdiction in absentia, principle of subsidiarity and sham process. Even though universal jurisdiction, in its genuine form, appears only in core crimes, many important and recent issues in this field have been related to treaty-based crimes, as well as to ordinary crimes, and to certain extent they have also been touched upon in this paper.


Since the introduction of Pong and Space Invaders as arcade games in the 1970s, computer games have had a significant impact on how we spend our leisure time. Prensky (2001) stated that: "Computer and videogames are potentially the most engaging pastime in the history of mankind." The strong appeal of games continues with the market for Video gaming predicted to exceed 90 billion US dollars in 2020 (WePC, 2020). The leading scholars in the area of serious game include Clark C. Abt of Abt Associates (Abt, 1970); Mark Prensky (Award winning internationally acclaimed keynote speaker and author) (Prensky, 2001); Kurt Squire at the University of California-Irvine (Squire, 2004); Constance Steinkuehler at the University of California-Irvine (Steinkuehler, 2004); Sara de Freitas at Wey Education PLC (De Freitas & Oliver, 2006); James Paul Gee formerly of Arizona State University (Gee, 2007); Simon Egenfeldt-Nielson at Serious Games Interactive (Egenfeldt-Nielsen, 2007); Ben Sawyer of Digitalmill Inc. (Sawyer & Smith, 2008); Clark Aldrich of SimuLearn (Aldrich, 2009); Jacob Habgood at Sheffield Hallam University (Habgood & Ainsworth, 2011); Jane McGonigal at SuperBetter Labs (McGonigal, 2015); Alessandro De Gloria and Francesco Bellotti at the University of Genoa (De Gloria, Bellotti & Berta, 2014); Elizabeth Boyle and Thomas Hainey at the University of the West of Scotland (Boyle et al., 2016); Patrick Felicia at the Waterford Institute of Technology (Abdul Jabbar & Felicia, 2015); Matthew Barr at Glasgow University (Barr, 2019); Nicola Whitton at Durham Centre for Academic Development (Whitton & Langan, 2019) and Sylvester Arnab of the Disruptive Media Learning Lab/Centre for Post-digital Cultures at Coventry University (Arnab, 2020).


Hyperlipidemia and related heart disease will be growing public health problems as the population ages. It is therefore of great importance to identify modifiable risk factors. So this research investigated associations among life style, nutrient intake, and blood lipids in middle-aged men with borderline hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes were assessed by food-frequency questionnaire and convenient method. The subject's histories of alcohol use and smoking were assessed via a questionnaire. Current smokers were classified as smokers, whereas past smokers and subjects who never smoked were classified nonsmokers. With regard to alcohol intake, the subjects were stratified into drinkers and nondrinkers. In drinkers the frequency were measured. Frequency of alcohol intake and weight were associated with high blood lipids and blood pressure. The highest quartile of calcium intake had lower triglyceride concentration than did those in the lower three quartiles. High calcium intake was associated with low blood triglyceride concentration. These results suggest that healthy weight and high calcium intake and less alcohol intake can contribute to maintenance of healthy blood lipids in men.


Exergy and thermo-economic cost analysis are increasingly important tools for the evaluation of a desalination system's performance and hence economic viability of the method for industrial or comm ...


This paper considers a range of plasmonic-black-metal polarizers suitable for ultra-short pulses. The polarizers consist of a metal surface being nanostructured with a periodic array of ultra-sharp grooves with periods of 250-350 nanometers, and groove depths around 500 nanometers. The surfaces can be designed such that practically all incident light with electric field perpendicular to the groove direction is absorbed. The efficient absorption is due to incident light being coupled into gap-plasmon polaritons that propagate downwards in the gaps between groove walls towards the groove bottom, where it is then subsequently absorbed during propagation. Reflection is largely avoided due to an adiabatic groove taper design. The other polarization, however, is very efficiently reflected, and the main point of this paper is that the reflection is with negligible dispersive stretching even for ultra-short pulses of 5-10 femtoseconds temporal width in the visible and near-infrared. Temporal pulse shapes after reflection are calculated by decomposing the incident laser pulse into its Fourier components, multiplying with the reflection coefficient in the frequency domain, and then Fouriertransforming the product back to the time-domain. Reflection of pulses is compared for polarizers based on different metals (gold, nickel, chromium). Polarizers are studied for two groove-array designs and two directions of light incidence, center wavelengths 650 nm and 800 nm, and pulse widths 5 fs and 10 fs for the incident pulse.


In this study we focused on the authentic literary works of Thomas Mann, a famous author whose works represented German literature on the world literature stage. The diaries which he kept from his early childhood and teenage years up until 3 weeks before his death were prepared with utmost care and discipline. In addition to novels, stories and letters, Thomas Mann wrote approximately 10 volumes of diaries. In 1945 he threw his dianes about his childhood and teenage periods, apart from those of the period between 1918 and 1921, into stove of his house in Pasific Palisades and burnt them. The 9 volumes compilation which reflects his life is that about


From March 12, 2005 to April 5, 2005, the historic Dandi March was re-enacted to apprise the new generation of this extraordinary campaign to breach the salt tax under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. The National Sanitation & Environment Improvement Foundation (NASA) undertook the responsibility of attending to the sanitation and to the provision of mobile toilet facilities. The author, who is the executive chairman of the organisation, gives an account of how NASA provided sanitation facilities to the marchers all along the route from Sabarmati to Dandi.


Understanding and simulating the
underlying microscopic physics of the rock matrix is very useful for
determining macroscopic physical properties such as permeability. Matrix
diffusion is an important transport parameter controlling the late-time behaviour of breakthrough curves (BTCs). We compute the memory function, implemented in the sink/source term of
Mobile-immobile mass transfer by solving the matrix diffusion using a time
diffusion random-walk approach. The diffusion is controlled by different
parameters like the porosity, tortuosity, mobile-immobile interface and
immobile domain cluster shapes. All these properties are investigated by X-ray microtomography that
captures the main characteristics of matrix diffusion at three dimensions. We
compare the memory function deduced from the field-scale tracer tests well with the computed memory function. Simulation results of the memory function appeared to be coherent with
that measured from the tracer test for a large tortuosity value. Probably, the
diffusion paths are longer, and they are controlled by the properties mentioned
above. From a representative elementary volume of natural reservoirs
studied here, we conclude that, microscale diffusion process in the immobile
domain play a crucial role to better understand the non-Fickian dispersion measured from the tracer test.


This research was meant to examine the correlation between English language majoring students" use of English language learning strategies and their academic achievement; it is a correlational study. To this end, sixty-one English language majoring students enrolled from 2012/13 to 2014/15 at Hawassa University were made to fill in a five-point scale questionnaire intended to obtain data on their use of each of the six groups of the language learning strategies (memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective and social), and their CGPA (Cumulative Grade Average Point) was obtained from the university"s Registrar and Alumni Affairs Directorate. The correlations were examined through Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r). To determine the strength of a correlation, the cut-off points suggested by Cohen were applied. Moreover, coefficient of determination was computed to see the extent to which the students" use of the learning strategies predicts their CGPA. Pearson r demonstrated that there is a strong positive correlation between the English language majoring students" use of each of the six groups of English language learning strategies and their academic achievement (r-values > .949, p-value = .000). The coefficient of determination also revealed that the students" use of the learning strategies predicts their academic achievement by > 90.0601%. Based on the findings, recommendations have been made.


ABSTRACT Etest susceptibilities to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of 240 invasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae cultured from children in rural Kenya were 66%, 66%, and 38%, respectively. Resistance increased markedly over 9 years and was concentrated among serotype b isolates. In Africa, the increasing cost of treating resistant infections supports economic arguments for prevention through conjugate H. influenzae type b immunization.


Photographs of musical groups in Wellington, taken 1965-1969 by Barry Clothier.
Source of title - Title supplied by Library
Quantity: 556 b&w original negative(s) with 1901 images. 132 b&w original photographic print(s) contact sheets.
Provenance: Donated by Barry Clothier, Wellington, in March 2002.
Processing information: Archivists notes - Originally arranged and described in 2002. Reference number changed from PAColl-7031 to PA-Group-00671 in 2011.


The government of Morocco has built a strong immunization program over the past 12 years and has seen impressive gains in immunization coverage. The Partnerships for Health Reform Project in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health conducted an in-depth study of the costs and financing of immunization in Morocco culminating in this report. This study was conducted in the fall and winter of 1998-1999 and is one of a series of four country case studies on immunization financing. The objectives of the study are to estimate the current and future costs of the country's immunization program to assist the ministry with program planning to provide recommendations to the Moroccan government on ways to improve its financing strategies and to draw lessons learned from Morocco's immunization financing strategies for the international health community at large. Financing strategies for immunization have become increasingly important due to Morocco's heavy reliance on external funding through donors such as the World Bank; and the analysis and recommendations in this study are presented in the context of prospects for financial sustainability. Costs and financing data used in the analysis were obtained through government documents and through government and private sector interviews. The financial analysis is based on estimated costs rather than expenditures recorded to provide a more inclusive accounting of costs. The analysis also provides estimates for projected expenditures for the next five years. The report concludes with a set of options in the areas of program planning management evaluation research vaccine procurement and supply and financing structures to improve the financial sustainability of Morocco's immunization program. (authors)


The article discusses the use of a student profiling technique to evaluate the effective use of school resources. It describes a multi-disciplinary approach to identify at-risk students in a high school. Teachers rated students on various factors, including behavior, attendance, learning difficulties and social, emotional and health issues. A ranking and matching process revealed if school resources were being utilized for students with a high level of need. An analysis of group results suggested the need for system level change within the school.


Economics, fi nancial markets are sciences that try to predict the behavior of actors to get the best performance possible, however, in general economic analyzes are made on scientifi c and logical
mathematical rules,


This paper describes work performed for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regarding the value, in terms of the potential for risk reduction, of certain Standard Review Plan (SRP) sections. These values are compared with the impact, in terms of NRC manpower expended, related to each SRP section. The study applies in a rather unique way, standard probabilistic risk assessment techniques to obtain a value impact assessment for the SRP sections. This work should aid the NRC in assessing the best use of limited manpower when reviewing safety analysis reports against the requirements of the SRP.


In this article, three corrections are applied to improve the simultaneous optimization synthesis approach (SOSA) of heat exchanger networks (HENs). First, the temperature-dependent characteristics of process streams are considered in calculating their heat capacities, which are regarded as constant within a defined temperature interval; second, splitters and mixers of streams located in the network are listed as investment items, resulting in more detailed HEN cost calculations; third, a group of heuristic rules is suggested to cancel superstructure matches that are impossible in terms of engineering or thermodynamics before the optimization calculation, making the simultaneous optimizations on both investment cost and utility consumption charge available while also saving significant computation time. Based on these corrections, an improved SOSA is developed in which an MINLP model is solved by the use of genetic algorithms to avoid being trapped in a local optimum. A case study shows that this approach...


The conventional photo-current model of terahertz wave generation by femtosecond laser filamentation has been improved with taking into account the interaction between the THz pulse and the plasma inside the filament. The results given by this revised model are consistent with the macroscopic four wave mixing mode.


Allergic disorders are still common and are responsible for substantial morbidity, health care utilisation and cost to the health systems. Recorded incidence and lifetime prevalence of allergy showed a great variation over the years studied. The better interpretation of this research work was influnced by the great bias in the dataset caused by changes in diagnosis system, transfer of recording system for GP practices and the introduction of new GP practices at the same time. Otherwise this study was consistent with previous research in which an increase in the incidence and prevalence of allergic disorder in the 1980s and mid-1990s was found to have occurred, but there may be evidence of stabilisation in the 2000s. However, it should be noted that this does not imply that the trend may not be increasing for specific allergic conditions. Further research is required on annual incidence and prevalence for specific allergic conditions in order to improve the current stage of knowledge of the trends of these allergies


The simultaneous analysis of parabens in cosmetic samples was carried out by LC/MS. The cosmetic samples are directly dissolved in methanol and filterated using filter. The methanol-water was used for the mobile phase of gradient conditions. An Extend reverse-phase column and the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode were applied. The analysis results of LC/MS showed good linearity with correlation coefficient of =0.9993 in the range of 0.05 to /mL and detection limit of /mL.


In this paper, we design a communication system with transmitted symbols under flat fading channel and estimate the channel by Least Square (LS) approach and Linear Minimum mean Square Error (LMMSE) approach for channel coefficients. We analyze the link-to-system interface for MIMO-OFDM system level simulations and propose an efficient method for calculation of the effective SINR. The accuracy of the proposed effective SINR is evaluated by simulated BLER performance comparison. In this paper, Efficient SINR computation using LMMSE approach, reduction in the BLER is obtained with reduced computational complexity.


We investigate the properties of massive galaxies at z∼ 1− 3.5 usingHubble Space Telescope observations at optical wavelengths, ground–based near–infrared (IR) i mag ng, andSpitzer Space Telescope observations at 3–24μm. FromKs–selected galaxies over a ≃ 130 arcmin2 field in the southern Great Observatories Origins Deep Surveys (GOODS–S), we identify 153 distant red galaxie s (DRGs) with (J− Ks)Vega≥ 2.3. This sample is approximately complete in stellar mass for passively evo lving galaxies above 10 11 M⊙ andz≤ 3. Of the galaxies identified by this selection, roughly half are obje cts whose optical and near–IR rest–frame light is dominated by evolved stars combined with ongoing star forma tion (atzmed∼ 2.5), and the others are galaxies whose light is dominated by heavily reddened ( A1600& 4− 6 mag) starbursts (at zmed∼ 1.7). Very few of the galaxies ( . 10%) have no indication of current star formation. The total s r–formation rates (SFRs) including the reradiated IR emission for the DRGs are up to two orders of magnitude higher than those derived from the UV luminosity corrected for dust reddening. We use populati on synthesis models to estimate stellar masses and to study the stars that dominate the rest–frame UV throug near–IR light in these galaxies. DRGs at z∼ 1.5− 3 with stellar masses ≥ 1011 M⊙ have specific SFRs (SFRs per unit stellar mass) ranging from 0 .2 to 10 Gyr−1, with a mean value of ∼ 2.4 Gyr−1. Based on the X–ray luminosities and rest–frame near–IR col ors, as many as one–quarter of the DRGs may contain AGN, implying t hat the growth of supermassive black holes coincides with the formation of massive galaxies at z& 1.5. The DRGs withM ≥ 1011 M⊙ at 1.5≤ z≤ 3 have integrated specific SFRs greater the global value over a ll gal xies at this epoch. In contrast, we find that galaxies atz∼ 0.3− 0.75 with M ≥ 1011 M⊙ have integrated specific SFRs less than the global value, and more than an order of magnitude lower than that for massive DR Gs atz∼ 1.5−3. At z. 1, lower–mass galaxies dominate the overall cosmic mass assembly. This suggests th at the bulk of star formation in massive galaxies occurs at early cosmic epochs and is largely complete by z∼ 1.5. Further mass assembly in these galaxies takes place with low specific SFRs. Subject headings:cosmology: observations — galaxies: evolution — galaxies: formation — galaxies: highredshift — galaxies: stellar content — infrared: galaxies 1 This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope , which is operated by the Jet Propulsion laboratory, Califo rn a Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407; on obser vations taken with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. ( AURA) under NASA contract NAS5–26555; and observations collected at th e Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), National Optical Astronomic al Observatories (NOAO), which is operated by AURA, Inc., under cooperat ive agreement with the National Science Foundation. Observations have al so been carried out using the Very Large Telescope at the ESO Paranal Observa tory under Program ID: LP168.A-0485 2 Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cher ry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721; email@example.com 3 Spitzer Fellow 4 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Techno logy, Mail Stop 169-327, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 5 National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry A venue, Tucson, AZ 85721 6 Associated to Observatoire de Paris, GEPI, 92195 Meudon, Fr a ce 7 Institute of Astronomy, Madlingley Road, Cambridge CB30HA , UK 8 Chandra Fellow, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columb ia University, 500 W. 120th St., New York, NY 10027 9 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Labora tory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 10 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, B altimore, MD 21218 11 Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, St ockholm, Sweden 12 CEA Saclay/Service d'Astrophysique, Orme des Merisiers, F -91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France 13 Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technolog y, MS 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125


Ionospheric scintillations are known to affect both the magnitude and the phase of the incoming GNSS signal. These phase variations are typically synchronized with a deep fade of the signal level, that could lead to the occurrence of cycle slips (phase jumps), errors in the data demodulation and ultimately loss of lock. These effects have an impact not only on accuracy, but also availability, continuity and integrity. This particular aspect is of critical importance since ionospheric scintillations have been identified as one of the causes for integrity faults that need to be detected in safety critical applications. At receiver level, this can be tackled by the use of robust tracking techniques. In particular, the impact on carrier phase tracking is very important as it is more prone to loss of lock, and it is often used to smooth the code measurements, carrier aiding or even Doppler/user dynamics estimation. Moreover, it is through the impact on phase estimation that the data demodulation capability can be assessed, as well as different applications such as ionospheric characterization. This study assesses the behavior of robust carrier phase tracking techniques using both simulated and real data for the ionospheric scintillations. Finally, it introduces an innovative technique and discusses its potential


The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in research on exosomes. The capability of exosomes to transfer proteins, DNA, mRNA, as well as non-coding RNAs has made them an attractive focus of research into the pathogenesis of different diseases, including cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large sum of exosomes, which may not only influence in local microenvironment, but also can exert systemic effects. In this study, we review the current understanding on this topic, roughly divided into two broad facets of exosomes in cancer: (1) exosomes plays an important role in tumor biological function and mechanism; (2) exosomes can be used as a tumor diagnostic markers, and can monitor the condition changes.

Key words:
Exosomes; Neoplasms; Biomarkers


After a positive high field premagnetizing, the circular susceptibility χφ of annealed nearly nonmagnetostrictive amorphous wires determined by measuring ac inductance is anomalously large and asymmetric with respect to the sign of the dc bias field Hz. This phenomenon is explained by comparing with another circular susceptibility χφ,V2 obtained by measuring second harmonic longitudinal magnetization in terms of a model of connected (for low Hz) or coupled (for elevated Hz) donut structures induced by alinged magnetic inclusions.


More or less covering lines 1071a-1159a (not counting the introductory verses), the Finnsburg digression comprises the longest and most intensively studied episode in Beowulf. Its context in the poem may be summarized briefly. Beowulf has mortally wounded Grendel. War-leaders from surrounding territories follow Grendel's tracks to the mere, now boiling with gore. On the way back a warrior sings of Sigemund and Heremod. Horse races are held, and the Danes and their guests gawk at Grendel's arm, which has been hung from a beam in Heorot. Hroðgar acknowledges Beowulf as an adoptive "son," and a lavish celebration honors the hero, who secures five dynastic treasures not only in recognition of his valor and but also as confirmation of retainership and possibly of Hroðgar's adoption. Immediately following the bestowal of these gifts, a poet recites Finnsburg "fore Healfdenes I hildewisan" ("before Healfdene's warriors," 1064). The tale commemorates a Danish victory over Frisians, a triumph which all agree should compliment Danish resolve. In fact, just before the episode opens, the Scylding Hntef is called a "hæleð Healf-Dena" ("hero of the Half-Danes," 1069a), an epithet explicitly linking audience and characters.


In a search for new techniques which would specifically identify the various steps of the handling of immune complexes by macrophages the local anaesthetic, lidocaine, was investigated. Lidocaine was shown to inhibit selectively the digestion of immune complexes and immunoglobulin aggregates by macrophages whereas it had little effect on the binding or ingestion steps. Due to the reversible inhibitory effect of lidocaine, this drug may be used in future studies to assess the role of extracellular stimuli on the fate of intracellular immune complexes.


Nano-sized NiO powder was modified by the addition of BaO, La2O3, and CuO (10 wt% each) to change its morphology and electrochemical catalytic activities. Then, the NOx-sensing characteristics of mixed-potential-type YSZ-based planar sensor attached with each of the obtained NiO-based samples as a sensing electrode (SE) were examined at elevated temperatures. As a result, the CuO-added NiO SE was found to give a large enhancement in the NO2 sensitivity as well as the NO2 selectivity at 800°C even under a wet condition, in comparison with the pure NiO SE.


According to the characteristics of construction projects in university campus,the methods of energy saving for the water supply system,hot water system and drainage system are analyzed in the design of water supply and drainage for the university campus,in the meantime several measures of energy saving through water saving in the university campus are given,so as to get the best effect of integrated energy-conserving.


The popular fiction spread widely in Ming dynasty,and the affect of the merchant of literature was very important.In order to spread,the merchant used many methods that have extended the popular fiction.


There is a tendency for one to refer to counseling as an emerging field, particularly elementary school counseling. Perhaps this is true because there have been waves of progress in the field. For example, right now the surf seems to be up in some parts of the country. This rising tide is the result of a number of factors, some economic, some social, and some the result of changes in statute. Elementary school counseling, however, is by no means a new phenomenon.


We report results of an angle-resolved photoemission study to elucidate the driving mechanism of the Mo(001) surface reconstruction. We find, for the first time, a remarkable change of the shapes of Fermi contours upon cooling, which reveals a significant nesting at k ∥=0.65 A -1 , extended 0.30 A -1 perpendicular to the Σ axis. The results suggest that the reconstruction should occur essentially by Peierls-type 2kF instabilities with significant matrix element effects


We perform cosmological perturbation theory in Hassan-Rosen bimetric gravity for general homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds. In the de Sitter approximation, we obtain decoupled sets of massless and massive scalar gravitational fluctuations. Matter perturbations then evolve like in Einstein gravity. We perturb the future de Sitter regime by the ratio of matter to dark energy, producing quasi-de Sitter space. In this more general setting the massive and massless fluctuations mix. We argue that in the quasi-de Sitter regime, the growth of structure in bimetric gravity differs from that of Einstein gravity.


In this paper, the unsaturated flow encountered in the woven or stitched fiber mats used in RTM is studied for the case of constant rate injection into a 1-D mold. Such fiber mats are characterized as a dual scale porous medium and a two-layer model, based on the difference in the length scales of the intra-tow and inter-tow spaces, is proposed. The mass balance is derived from first principles for an idealized representation of such type of porous media and incorporation of a sink term in the macroscopic equation of continuity is established. First a simple sink function, the constant sink, is studied and the downwardly drooping profile of the injection pressure, reported in previous experiments, is shown to be a natural consequence of the absorption of resin by the tows. Next an On/Off type constant sink function is proposed; critical parameters of unsaturated flows such as pore volume ratio and sink strength are introduced. Then the two-layer model with rectangular cross section is extended to two other types of cylindrical cross sections encountered in woven mats. A numerical scheme to solve the governing equations of sink models is discussed and results of simple analytical models and the two-layer models are presented. These models classify the flow through such woven mats as either a developing or a developed flow depending upon whether all or some tows behind the resin front are unsaturated. Parametric studies to identify important parameters affecting the length of the partially saturated regions near the front are presented. The simple On/Off type sink model also predicts the slopes of the injection pressure generated by the two-layer models for developed flow with good accuracy. The inlet pressure curve of the two layer models reproduce the characteristic drooping trend. Finally, the effect of different cross sections of the two-layer model upon the inlet pressure history is studied.


The world has been suffering from Corona pandemic called as COVID-19 It has spread to more than 170 nations with the death toll being massive Several thousand people have also recovered Many pharmaceutical companies are testing to develop medicines and vaccines to cure the disease, but success has not been achieved yet Wuhan of China reported about it in December and today four month later life has started to revert to normalcy there but the world is gripped under curfews, lock-down which has brought financial slowdown and crippled economic growth Stock markets are also not devoid of its impact Different nations have extended help to each other but yet the overall impact of COVID-19 is immeasurable The present paper is an attempt to study the impact of COVID-19 on stock exchanges across the world The implication of this study is that the managers may think to provide a solution in this tumultuous situation


The simple digital storage oscillograph can make up of general oscillograph appended circuits. The additional circuits that FPGA parts used as control core consist of input, output circuits and control circuit. The input circuit includes function selection, signal amplification and A/D transform circuits. The output circuit contains function selection, D/A transform, active filter and signal amplification circuits. The control circuit that mini system consists of SpartanⅡ connects input and output circuits to work coordinate. Through controlling of high-speed converter for D/A and A/D, signal acquisition, processing and accessing and processing result was displayed by general oscillograph.


Abstract Baytex-1000 is an organophorous pesticide. It is widely used both as a larvicide and insecticide in the National Malaria Eradication Programme in India. Malaria control workers are occupationally exposed to Baytex. Genotoxicity of this pesticide was studied by assaying Mitotic Index (MI), Chromosome Aberrations (CA), Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCE) and Satellite Associations (SA), in short term lymphocyte cultures. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 60 malaria control workers and equal number of matched controls. MI increased upto exposure period of 5 years and declined thereafter. CA in controls comprised acentric fragment, chromatid gaps and breaks only, whereas in exposed samples, dicentrics, rings, chromosomal gaps, breaks and translocations; chromatid gaps, breaks and isochromatid exchanges were recorded. The frequencies of CA and SCE were significantly increased by smoking and alcohol consumption (P<0.5) and depicted positive correlation with period of exposure. D-G-type SA outnumbered 2D-2G types. The mean frequencies of various parameters in controls and workers exposed to Baytex respectively were: MI (4.29 & 6.43), CA (0.933 & 4.200), SCE (4.32 & 7.28) and SA (5.11 & 16.5). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Time and dose-yield effects of Baytex on micronuclei induction in mouse test system were also significant (p-0.05). All the cytogenetic end points investigated conclusively show that Baytex-1000 is a highly genotoxic pesticide. The mechanism of its action has been described.


Recently, we reported the chloroplast genome‐wide association of oligonucleotide repeats, indels and nucleotide substitutions in aroid chloroplast genomes. We hypothesized that the distribution of oligonucleotide repeat sequences in a single representative genome can be used to identify mutational hotspots and loci suitable for population genetic, phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. Using information on the location of oligonucleotide repeats in the chloroplast genome of taro (Colocasia esculenta), we designed 30 primer pairs to amplify and sequence polymorphic loci. The primers have been tested in a range of intra‐specific to intergeneric comparisons, including ten taro samples (Colocasia esculenta) from diverse geographical locations, four other Colocasia species (C. affinis, C. fallax, C. formosana, C. gigantea) and three other aroid genera (represented by Remusatia vivipara, Alocasia brisbanensis and Amorphophallus konjac). Multiple sequence alignments for the intra‐specific comparison revealed nucleotide substitutions (point mutations) at all 30 loci and microsatellite polymorphisms at 14 loci. The primer pairs reported here reveal levels of genetic variation suitable for high‐resolution phylogeographic and evolutionary studies of taro and other closely related aroids. Our results confirm that information on repeat distribution can be used to identify loci suitable for such studies, and we expect that this approach can be used in other plant groups.


Chapter 1 Preface: A Curious Inquiry Part 2 Part One: Tocqueville & American Federal Democracy Chapter 3 Point of Departure: Covenant & the Democratic Revolution Chapter 4 Orderly Knit Together: Colonial Covenants & Federations Chapter 5 Harmonizing Earth with Heaven: Church & State in the Federal Republic Part 6 Part Two: The Hopes & Fears of the Democratic Age Chapter 7 Another Form of Hope: Religious Belief & the Democratic Soul Chapter 8 The Art and Science of Association: The Federal Matrix & the Democratic Soul Chapter 9 A Failure of Heart and Mind: Conformity, Uniformity, & Despotism in the Democratic Social Power Part 10 Part Three: Democracy & Paradox Chapter 11 Bonds of Affection: Republican Motherhood, Sacrifice, & Civic Virtue Chapter 12 Bonds of Affliction: Race Ideology & the Limits of Democratic Progress Chapter 13 Servitude or Freedom? Civic Enlightenment & the New Science of Politics


To safely and efficiently perform colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), clear visualization of the submucosal layer is important. Therefore, various traction methods have been developed to date [1–3]. However, there are few reports of using special devices other than clips, and traction methods that are generally used have not been reported. Recently, we developed a new clip-on-clip closure method to close the mucosal defect after ESD using clips only [4]. Here, we describe a new traction method: clipon-clip traction method (CCTM). The colorectal ESD method using CCTM is shown in ▶Video1. The patient had a nongranular laterally spreading tumor, 20mm in size, in the rectosigmoid. Marking was done around the lesion and a fullcircumference incision was made. First, a clip was placed on the mucous membrane on the lesion side (▶Fig. 1 a). Then, a second clip was placed on the handle of the first clip (▶Fig. 1b). Next, the teeth of a third clip were passed through the gap between the teeth of the second clip, which served as an anchor, and then fixed to the contralateral normal colorectal mucosa (▶Fig. 1 c). In the current case, the third clip did not fix to the contralateral colorectal mucosa. However, there was adequate space between the teeth of the second clip for a fourth clip to be added. This ensured a strong traction. Because the submucosa could be viewed properly using CCTM, colorectal ESD could be performed safely without any intraoperative adverse event. As the resected lesion was fixed with a clip to the contralateral side, the lesion could be removed from the mucosa with a grasping forceps. CCTM is simple, and is a novel method that can be applied safely to achieve effective traction even in a narrow intestinal tract, such as the rectosigmoid or sigmoid colon.


This survey was conducted to identify specific environmental sources of Listeria and Yersinia in Vermont dairy plants, and to further determine whether the type of plant and specific conditions existing within plants influenced the incidence of positive microbiological results. A total of 361 environmental samples, focusing on floors and other nonproduct contact surfaces, was taken from all of Vermont's 34 dairy processing plants. The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes (1.4%) was low compared to the incidence of Listeria innocua (16.1%). While only 2.5% yielded other Yersinia species, 10.5 % of the sites were positive for Yersinia enterocolitica. Sites positive for either Listeria or Yersinia were statistically more likely to produce a positive result for both (P<.05). Fluid plants had the highest incidence of both Listeria and Yersinia when compared to cheese plants or other types of dairy manufacturing plants. Areas associated with case washers in fluid plants had the highest incidence of microbial contamination. An additional area of concern for all types of plants was sanitizing floor mats and foot baths from which positive microbiological results were obtained. Contamination in wet areas was significantly greater than in dry areas of the plants (P<.05). Identification of the sources and conditions associated with these problematic bacterial pathogens is an important step in learning to control their incidence in dairy processing environments. Postpasteurization contamination of processed dairy products by bacterial pathogens has created regulatory, public health, and financial concerns for the food processing industry. Of particular concern to the dairy industry are the psychrotrophic bacterial pathogens Listeria and Yersinia. In recent years, several incidents involving these organisms have been recorded. In September and October of 1976, an outbreak of illness linked to consumption of chocolate milk contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica resulted in the hospitalization of 36 children. Investigation of this outbreak revealed that Yersinia was introduced during hand mixing of unpasteurized chocolate syrup with pasteurized milk in an open vat (3). In June and July 1982, a large interstate outbreak of yersiniosis occurred in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Pasteurized milk was epidemiologically implicated as the vehicle of infection (18). In 1983, 49 patients in Massachusetts acquired listeriosis. Whole and 2% pasteurized milk was epidemiologically linked as the probable vehicle of infection (<5). In 1985, 142 cases of listeriosis which occurred in Los Angeles County, California, were attributed to consumption of contaminated Mexican-style soft cheese (77). Insufficient pasteurization of cheese-milk was the most likely factor leading to this outbreak, but postpasteurization contamination of cheese was also implicated as a factor when the same epidemic phage type of Listeria monocytogenes was isolated not only from the cheese but also from environmental samples taken at the incriminated processing plant. In response to these and other outbreaks, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the Dairy Product Safety Initiative Program in December 1985. This program included check ratings and a microbiological surveillance program designed to detect the presence of pathogenic contamination in finished dairy products. The second year status report of this survey in 1987 revealed that finished product from 70 of the 1016 plants analyzed (6.9%) was found to contain pathogenic contamination. Results showed that 2.9% of analyzed product was positive for the presence of Listeria spp.; 3.2% of product was contaminated with nonpathogenic Y. enterocolitica; and 0.8% of tested product was found to contain Salmonella, Aeromonas hydrophila, or other pathogenic species. Postpasteurization contamination was cited as a significant factor in those plants with positive microbiological findings (79). As a follow-up to the Dairy Product Safety Initiative Program, the Vermont State Department of Agriculture, in a cooperative effort with the University of Vermont, initiated a program to monitor the environments of its 34 dairy processing plants for the presence of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Based on information from the FDA initiatives, Listeria and Yersinia were chosen as the target organisms. The objective of this survey was to identify specific environmental sources of Listeria and Yersinia in Vermont dairy plants, and to further determine whether the type of plant and specific conditions existing within plants influence the incidence of positive microbiological results. * Corresponding author. JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, VOL. 54, AUGUST 1991 D ow naded rom hp://m eridianenpress.com /jfp/article-pdf/54/8079/0362-028x-54_8_607.pdf by gest on 14 Sptem er 2020 608 KLAUSNER AND DONNELLY MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample protocol Areas chosen for sampling in this survey consisted of floors and other nonproduct contact surfaces. These areas were selected based upon information from the FDA Dairy Product Safety Initiatives (10), industry guidelines (8,20), and other surveys (7) which identified such areas as primary sites of contamination. Nonproduct contact surfaces are defined as those nonfloor surfaces which do not come into direct contact with exposed finished product. Examples are tables, conveyors, beds of paper fillers, the exterior of bowls of gallon jug fillers, case washers, and whey drainage pans on cheese presses. All samples were documented on a data collection sheet which included the following information: sample code, date, type of plant, and a description of area, i.e., whether the area was a pedestrian traffic or nontraffic site; whether conditions were wet or dry; whether the area was sanitized, if so, which type of sanitizer; if sanitized surfaces were neutralized and other conditions likely to affect results. Sample collection Environmental samples were collected from processing plants during production hours using the sponge method as described by Silliker and Gabis (16). Cellulose sponges (Silliker Laboratories, Chicago Heights, IL) were purchased from an approved supplier that tested to assure absence of antimicrobial effects (12). Neutralizing buffer (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI), 99 ml, was added to minimize the effects of sanitizing compounds on the recovery of bacteria (4). When frozen areas were sampled, sponges were moistened with sterile mineral oil. Following sample collection, sponges were placed in sterile Whirlpak bags (Nasco, Modesto, CA) and kept at 4°C until tested. Samples were analyzed within 32 h of collection. Sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was added to bring the diluent up to a consistent volume of 99 ml. Sponges were mixed with diluent in a Stomacher (Tekmar, Cincinnati, OH) for 2 min. Duplicate 25-ml portions were removed for enrichment in media selective for Listeria and Yersinia (described below). Listeria analysis For Listeria testing, Listeria Tek (Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, N C), a micro-ELISA assay, was used to screen samples. We chose this rapid assay based on information from Knight et al. (9) that showed this method to have a low false-positive rate. Samples were enriched in 225 ml of dairy enrichment broth (DEB) as described by Organon Teknika for Listeria enrichment. DEB consisted of, per liter: 30 g trypticase soy broth base (BBL, Cockeysville, MD); 6 g yeast extract (Difco); 8.5 g MOPS-free acid (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO); 13.7 g MOPS-Sodium Salt (Sigma); 15 mg acriflavine HCL (Sigma); 40 mg nalidixic acid (sodium salt; Sigma); and 50 mg cycloheximide (Sigma). Following enrichment at 30°C for 44 + 4 h, samples were analyzed using a microtiter plate reader (Microelisa Minireader MR590, Dynatech, Alexandria, VA). Presumptively positive samples were streaked either directly to LPM agar (BBL) or were diluted 1:10 in a 0.5% KOH solution and immediately streaked to LPM agar. LPM agar plates were incubated at 30°C for 48 h. Colonies were confirmed as Listeria by Gram stain, catalase reaction, and motility testing at 22°C. Listeria isolates were speciated by the fermentation of xylose, rhamnose and mannitol sugar tubes (Sigma), and by the CAMP test (13). Yersinia analysis For Yersinia testing, samples were enriched for 2 and 7 d at 22°C in 225 ml of peptone sorbitol bile broth (PSBB). PSBB consisted of, per liter: 10 g of peptone (Difco); 10 g sorbitol (Sigma); and 1.5 g of bile salts (Sigma) (2). Following enrichment 0.5 ml of growth was diluted with 4.5 ml of 0.5% KOH in 0.5% saline, vortexed and was immediately streaked to MacConkey's agar (Difco). Characteristic pale pink or colorless, flat colonies, 1-2 mm in diameter, were transferred to triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) slants (BBL) and incubated at 30°C for 48 h. Tubes having an alkaline or acid slant, acid butt, with little or no gas, and no H2S were confirmed biochemically as Yersinia using API 20E strips (Analytab Products, Plainview, NY). Pathogenicity tests were not performed on the isolates. Previous surveys have indicated that the majority of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from the environment or dairy foods are avirulent; these avirulent isolates are indices of poor sanitary conditions and thus isolation of any Y. enterocolitica was significant to our survey results (14,19). Statistical analysis The chi-square goodness-of-fit test was utilized to determine if the differences in the incidence of Listeria and Yersinia were statistically significant (P<.05).


Researched during the sum m er of 2006 in a collaborative effort between Carnegie Mellon University's Urban Lab and East Liberty Developm ent, Inc. this thesis seeks to develop a model for evaluating the impact of progressive urban design strategies in an existing com m unity by m easuring the costs and potential returns of public investment in progressive urban infrastructure. Using the case study of East Liberty as a laboratory, this study identifies clear baseline assum ptions for the costs of urban infrastructure, as well as estimated public returns based on private investm ent leveraged and new residential and comm ercial tax revenue streams. Aimed at providing urban designers a facilitation tool in arguing for public investm ent in progressive urban infrastructure that reconnects fragm ented com m unities, this study suggests that clear financial and com m unity returns are "hidden" in urban infrastructure investment.


Abstract
 A fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing tree adapted to a wide range of sites from the temperate and subtropical lowlands to tropical highlands. It yields bark extractives high in quality tannin, paper pulp, cellulose for rayon, charcoal, and fuelwood. The use of A. mearnsii tannin for production of waterproof wood adhesives for the reconstituted-wood industries is expanding. A useful species for erosion control, soil improvement, shade and shelter, and ornament.


Modern SAT solvers are frequently embedded as sub-reasoning engines into more complex tools for addressing problems beyond the Boolean satisfiability problem. Examples include solvers for Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT), combinatorial optimization, model enumeration and counting. In such use cases, the SAT solver is often able to provide relevant information beyond the satisfiability answer. Further, domain knowledge of the embedding system (e.g., symmetry properties or theory axioms) can be beneficial for the CDCL search, but cannot be efficiently represented in clausal form. In this paper, we propose a general interface to inspect and influence the internal behaviour of CDCL SAT solvers. Our goal is to capture the most essential functionalities that are sufficient to simplify and improve use cases that require a more fine-grained interaction with the SAT solver than provided via the standard IPASIR interface. For our experiments, we extend CaDiCaL with our interface and evaluate it on two representative use cases: enumerating graphs within the SAT modulo Symmetries framework (SMS), and as the main CDCL(T) SAT engine of the SMT solver cvc5.


Freshwater unionid mussels are among the most imperiled fauna in North America, and their decline has been partially attributed to sediment from anthropogenic activities. However, there remains a d...


We conducted a two-treatment randomized control trial in northern Ghana to investigate how bundling index insurance with smallholder farmer agricultural production loans affects the demand and supply of credit. In one treatment, farmer groups were invited by lenders to apply for production loans bundled with an index insurance contract that, in the event of a drought, indemnifies farmers directly (micro-insurance). In the second treatment, farmer groups were invited to apply for production loans bundled with an index insurance contract that, in the event of a drought, indemnifies the lender directly on the condition that the indemnity be used to retire the farmer's debt obligation (meso-insurance). Farmers in a control group were invited to apply for uninsured loans. We find that although bundling index insurance with agricultural loans does not significantly increase loan applications submitted by farmer groups, it significantly increases the proportion of loan applications approved by lenders. We also find that approvals of loan applications by lenders are significantly greater with meso-insured loans than micro-insured loans.


The thermodynamics of deformation of ethylene–propylene copolymer crosslinked by dicumyl peroxide with addition of sulfur or maleic anhydride has been studied. Both the entropic (fS) and energetic (fU) components have been studied at elongations α up to 65%. It was found that the course of fU/f, where f is equilibrium stress, in dependence on α agrees with the determined difference in both chemical and physical bonds.


Objectives: Despite having close contact with the general public, members of the San Francisco Fire Department (SFFD) reported relatively few cases of COVID-19 during the first half of 2020. Our objective was to explore evidence for prior undetected infections by conducting a seroprevalence survey, and to document both risk and protective factors for prior COVID-19 infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed workplace practices and exposures of SFFD personnel during the first 6 months of 2020 via questionnaire and documented prior COVID-19 infections by serologic antibody testing using an orthogonal testing protocol. Results: Of 1231 participating emergency responders, three (0.25%) had confirmed positive COVID-19 antibody results. Conclusions: Safe workplace practices, community public health intervention, and low community infection rates appear to have been protective factors for emergency responders in San Francisco during our study period.


Background: There are clinical situations that radiology physicians need to assess Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) clearly with the two typical sequences (T2WI FSE sequence and Proton Density Fat Saturation) . However, a slight difference in using the applied sequences will result different levels of image quality information. The aim of this study is to compare clinical  manifest in anatomical information on the resulted images between  T2WI FSE sequence and Proton Density Fat Saturation and to define the best sequence that fit to reveal ACL and PCL of the knee joint.. Methods: The research was an experimental quasy. 20 sagital slices of  the knee joint MRI were acquired from 10 volunteers who underwent MRI examinations with the two methods (T2WI FSE and Proton Density Fat Saturation). 3 experienced radiology physicians blended in the image scoring when review ACL and PCL appearances on knee MRI images. Inter-observer suitability was checked with Kappa test. A non-parametric Wilcoxon analyses was the statistical tool to test the null hypothesis. Results: The result showed a significant difference in anatomical information of ACL and PCL when T2WI FSE and Proton Density Fat Saturation sequences applied on the MRI of the knee joint sagital slices (p-value < 0,05). The mean rank of T2WI FSE was better than Proton Density Fat Saturation  which contributed to the value at 4,50. There was an increase in signals that lead to ACL and PCL appear to be more hyper-intens compared to sorrounding organs in general, except the border line  of PCL.  By this means, it was useful for evaluating the patient whose particularly with ACL post-grafting. Conclusion: There was the difference in anatomical information between T2WI FSE sequence and Proton Density Fat Saturation on MRI knee joint with sagital slices for ACL and PCL studies.  T2WI FSE sequence was the best method for showing anatomical information of ACL and PCL, although a relative low signal still occured from border line  of PCL.


Thank you very much for reading planning for sustainability creating livable equitable and ecological communities. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this planning for sustainability creating livable equitable and ecological communities, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


In this document we provide a detailed description of the methods and parameters used for the generation of the models in the paper and the video. Model Camel Daratech Gargoyle Garg. small scans 18 16 16 16 resolution 245 300 300 150 noise 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 smoothing 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 laser FOV 8 4.5 4.5 4.5 peak mag. 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 registration 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Table 1: Virtual scan parameters used for our models. From top to bottom: Number of individual scans, scan resolution, (Gaussian) noise magnitude, laser smoothing, laser beam FOV, peak magnitude threshold, and initial registration error. For the remaining parameters in the framework, the default values were used for all models. 1 Virtual Scanning Parameters In order to generate realistic models which can also be used in a ground-truth comparison, we used a virtual scanning framework simulating an optical laser scanner [Berger et al. 2013]. In Table 1 we describe the parameters used for each model. The additive noise parameter simulates noise in the form of laser speckle, which stems from diffuse surface imperfections and can lead to outliers near depth continuities. According to the authors, typical noise magnitudes vary between 0 and 0.6, where the latter results in a highly corrupted signal. The peak magnitude threshold rejects points that have a low-radiance signal and hence a high likelihood to be an outlier. Setting it to a low value of 0.05 has the effect of keeping most points. Three of our models also exhibit registration errors. In particular, 4 of the 16 scans have an initial random rotational alignment error of 1.0◦. They are subsequently registered using a locally weighted ICP algorithm [Brown and Rusinkiewicz 2007]. Such an initial misalignment is a common source of outliers, since ICP can converge to a local minimum and the final surfaces stay misaligned [Berger et al. 2013]. 2 Facial Animation Sequences The facial animation sequences (courtesy of Derek Bradley) shown in the accompanying video were produced with a passive capturing technique [Bradley et al. 2010]. It uses an array of 14 cameras arranged into 7 binocular stereo pairs. Using a multi-view stereo reconstruction algorithm [Bradley et al. 2008] results in 7 depth ∗e-mail:{email@example.com †e-mail:{firstname.lastname@example.com images. These are subsequently merged into a single model that initially contains many outliers [Bradley et al. 2010]. Our algorithm is applied to the raw point clouds resulting from this initial stage. Note that we subsample each point cloud from initially 5 − 6M points to a moderate size of 80K points. Each sequence is captured with 30 FPS.


Abstract We consider a family of Gibbs states describing the multifractal spectrum of local entropies. An accumulation point μ ∞ of this sequence may be called a Gibbs ground state or a zero temperature limit, because the interpretation of q as the inverse of the temperature. We prove that, in more general systems than symbolics, that μ ∞ is a maximizing measure. We also do geometric and combinatorial approaches as well as some interpretations in a particular case.


The invention discloses a scientific and technical information acquisition and pushing method based on text classification and image deep mining. The method is characterized in that keywords in scientific and technical fields that users follow are acquired according users' customization, web crawlers are compiled by Python language, essays, news and patents, related to the keywords in the scientific and technical fields that users follow, are acquired from webpages through the HTTP protocol, the acquired webpage scientific and technical information contents are classified on a Weka platform by a support vector machine classification algorithm, image information in scientific and technical information content documents is extracted and stored by a dividing line algorithm, and finally, the acquired scientific and technical content data are pushed via WeChat public subscribers.


Television occupies a large part of children's time from an early age. Among its many functions, edu- cation, social learning (prosocial as well as antisocial), and selling products are well documented by research ev- idence. Commercial programming for children in the United States consists primarily of cartoons and enter- tainment shows; educational and informative programs are supplied by public broadcasting and, to some degree, by a few cable channels emphasizing the child audience. The structural organization and revenue sources for chil- dren's television have a direct effect on program and com- mercial content. We propose two principal goals for public policy in this domain: to promote programming that serves the di- verse needs of children for education, entertainment, aes- thetic appreciation, and knowledge about the world, and to protect children from television content and advertising practices that exploit their special vulnerability. In recent years the Federal Communications Commission has fol- lowed a philosophy of deregulation, based on the as- sumption that market forces would generate diverse pro- gramming and limit commercialization. The data, as ap- plied to the programming marketplace for children, contradict that assumption. We recommend a requirement for a minimum amount of informational and educational programming for children on every station, and we propose strengthening public broadcasting, currently the only source of such programming for many children. Cable and alternative technologies cannot carry the burden of serving children's needs unless they become universally available. Regulation is also needed to protect children from commercial exploitation. The long-range policy goal should be to eliminate advertising to children; short-range goals include reinstatement of time limits on advertising and restrictions on product-related programs. Television is ubiquitous in the United States and most other industrialized societies. Because most American children are born into homes in which the television set is turned on several hours a day, it enters their lives long before most other socializing agents such as schools, peers, or religious institutions. Our purpose in this article is to review and evaluate public policies affecting children's television. There is ample evidence that television affects children's knowl- edge, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior, for good or ill. Al- though the negative effects of television often occupy the spotlight of public controversy, the potential of the me- dium for positive contributions to development is at least as important. We take the position here that the goals of public policy ought to be twofold: (a) to promote pro- gramming that serves the diverse needs of children for information, entertainment, aesthetic appreciation, and knowledge about the world, and (b) to protect children from television content and advertising practices that ex- ploit their special vulnerability. The fact that this children's public policy issue in- volves a private-sector, profit-making industry makes it an especially complex one. Most television programming is designed to attract audiences for advertised products; the welfare of child viewers is secondary to merchandising goals. As a result, polieymakers typically ask to what ex- tent the government should police or supplement the pri- vate marketplace to assure services to children, rather than asking directly what role government should play. Proposals for government intervention meet not only the usual barriers of scarce dollars and conflicting priorities but also opposition from a powerful industry with huge economic stakes to protect. In this essay, we review briefly what is known about children's uses of television and some of its major influ- ences on their lives. We then examine what kinds of tele- vision fare are available for children in the United States and how the content of programs is related to the struc- tural organization of broadcasting and production. Law and public policies affecting children's television pro- gramming and advertising are reviewed and evaluated, and proposals for feasible and effective policy changes are presented. How Children Use Television Although estimates of children's viewing time vary widely (from 11 to 28 hours a week), they all indicate that Amer- ican children spend more time watching television than in any other activity except sleep (A. C. Nielsen Co., 1988; Anderson, Field, Collins, Lorch, & Nathan, 1985; Car- penter, Huston, & Spera, in press; Comstock, Chaffee, Katzman, McCombs, & Roberts, 1978; Huston, Wright, Rice, Kerkman, & St. Peters, 1987; Timmer, Eccles, &


The biggest professional moment for a CPA in public practice traditionally is when the printer delivers the first box of business cards bearing the title "partner" discreetly below the name. It is a sign of arrival, a notice for current or prospective clients that they are working with one of the key people at the firm. CPAs learn in Accounting 101 that "Partnership equals success," and their supervisors reinforce this starting the day after graduation. It's a tradition as old as the men whose names formed the Big 6--and it's becoming as outmoded as the huge ledgers they once used. Significant changes in the past few years are challenging that one-path-to-success idea. Firm owners struggle every day with the question of how to retain a good employee if they are hesitant--or unwilling--to make that person a partner. Complicating issues range from two-income households grappling with child care to a shrinking labor pool. Firm partners and those they hire should be aware of the problems and consider a solution that just may relieve both partner and staff anxiety. I've found a structural change that has proved satisfactory to both staff and partners: the creation of a prestigious alternative career track for the people the firm wants to retain who may or may not fit the typical partner profile. (This is more than just an idea: the rationale for this change and the blueprints for making it happen are based on work I did working closely with the managing partner of one of my clients, Joseph Tarasco, of Yohalem, Gillman & Co., a 90-person New York City firm.) "UP OR OUT" IS OUT Traditionally, public accounting has followed what is known as the up-or-out policy. In the past, it made little sense for either the CPA who is not on the partnership track or the firm to continue the employment relationship, especially since a senior manager not promoted to partner could be replaced by a lower cost supervisor or manager. But today, accounting firms are finding those assumptions no longer work, so they must find ways to respond to the new realities of the work environment, such as * The difficulty in attracting midlevel senior staff from the current employment marketplace, leading to a shortage of experienced CPAs at the management level. * The reduction of compliance work and increase in consulting (particularly in highly specialized areas), which requires experienced staff. * The fact that people are very mobile and less willing to stick it out for the time required to become partner. Because opportunities outside the firm may seem more attractive, firms must find ways to encourage experienced people to stay. * The desire of many men and women for more balanced work/family life-styles that preclude spending considerable amounts of time in the office or doing "after hours" business promotion. In addition, highly qualified experienced staff often can take the client service burden off the "rainmaker" partners, providing them with more time to devote to business development. WHY WOULD A PERSON STAY? In the past, nonpartners went on to positions in private companies and enjoyed success. This situation, too, has changed: * Management positions no longer are as plentiful because of consolidation and mergers. Consequently, firm employees now may be more willing to consider a "permanent" nonpartner position--if it can be made more attractive. * Public accounting did not offer competitive compensation in the past, but today managers enjoy compensation comparable to industry rates, along with other advantages such as challenge and diversity. * CPAs who might otherwise push to make partner no longer do so because of the increased demands and greater liability now placed on partners. Many people seek a more balanced life-style, one that allows for more family or personal time. * Many people entering public accounting enjoy the knowledge gained, varied work and diverse industry exposure common in today's firm but have little interest in the myriad management tasks partners have to face. …


The utility model relates to an optical fiber cable technical field relates to stealthy for optical cable joint spare especially, and it comprises joint part body, and joint part body is inside to have the cable of appearance hole, and there are first block portion and second block portion in joint part body lower part, and first / two blocks troops under one's command surface is located the coplanar, has between first block portion and the second block portion stealthy when joint spare uses the optical cable for the insertible to holding the passageway of locating in the cable hole, the passageway is that the intercommunication holds cable hole and first block portion and the surperficial income cable groove of first block troops under one's command, perhaps the passageway is from first block portion and first block troops under one's command surface to hold direction sunken and income cable groove that do not communicate in cable hole with appearance cable hole before not using. The utility model also discloses an use the stealthy optical cable of this joint spare. The utility model discloses a stealthy the optical cable for joint spare simple structure, nimble, with low costs, the convenient to use of use have. The utility model discloses a stealthy optical cable simple structure, easily lay, stealthy, do not influence original building and decoration.