Following a number of similar national scientific events since 1992 in locations throughout Italy Modena, Gargnano, Pisa, Trento, Frascati, Milano and Alessandria , the 2006 National Workshop on X-ray Diffraction of Polycrystalline Materials took place in ancient Palazzo Ducale of Martina Franca, in Southern Italy, from June 26 to June 30. Attending this workshop, for many attendees, has also become a tradition in itself. The workshop was participated by about 90 attendees representing industrial, academic and government sectors. Some of these attendees were from other European countries and most of them were in the early stages of their scientific careers. The workshop consisted in an excellent multidisciplinary scientific program including more than fifteen invited lectures, computer software demonstrations, evening discussions, and a number of industrial/commercial presentations. The full list of contributions and details on the final program can be found in the website http://www.mfn. unipmn.it/ chimfis/DMP2006/. Worthy of note to our readers, a 230-page booklet in Italian that contains state-of-theart scientific information and important literature references to different methods and computer software, was published and distributed among all attendees. This booklet is anticipated to be useful as a teaching aid in many university classes. This 2006 national workshop that was kindly supported by ICDD, thoroughly incorporated the topics concerning characterization of crystalline solids, polymers, nanocrystalline, and amorphous species by powder diffraction methods. Unconventional synchrotron and neutron diffraction techniques were also included. The first day of the workshop began with a series of lectures to refresh the audience on the basics of diffraction physics Milanesio and Scardi , followed by the presentations about various experimental techniques Artioli, Cruciani and Masciocchi and full-pattern analysis of digitized diffraction data Guagliardi . During the conference, every afternoon was ended with an open round-table session during which the attendees had an opportunity to question their scientific doubts, or to share their meaningful research experience with others. The program of the second day was essentially centered on the structural analysis by ab initio methods. Masciocchi, Caliandro and Rizzi presented data analysis techniques ranging from indexing and lattice parameter determination to the extraction of individual reflection intensities, space group determination and, eventually, to the reciprocal space and real space algorithms presently available for structure solution. In the afternoon, two presentations by Rizzi and Masciocchi concerned a few computer programs and the detailed procedure necessary for the structure solution of molecular materials. These lectures were followed by an engaging talk by Sironi on the possibility of using complementary information from diffraction, spectroscopy or modeling as an ancillary tool leading to the most probable structural models. The third day was dedicated mostly to analytical tools, with Dapiaggi and Cruciani presenting qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, respectively. Hands-on sessions followed Guagliardi and Leoni , and microstructural and texture aspects during data analysis were also introduced Lutterotti, Dapiaggi .


1. The ink composition for ink jet printing, soderzhaschayaalkilenoksidny adduct (A) of acetylene glycol, in which the main chain contains 12 or more carbon atoms; acetylene glycol (B), wherein the main chain contains 10 or more carbon atoms; ipolioksialkilenalkilefir (C) .2. The ink composition for ink jet printing according to Claim. 1, wherein the HLB value polioksialkilenalkilefira (C) is from 12 to 16.3. The ink composition for ink jet printing according to Claim. 1, wherein the alkylene oxide adduct is an ethylene oxide addukt.4. The ink composition for ink jet printing according to Claim. 1, wherein the weight ratio between the content polioksialkilenalkilefira (C) and a total content of alkylene oxide adduct (A) of acetylene glycol, in which the main chain contains 12 or more carbon atoms, and acetylene glycol (B), in wherein the backbone contains 10 or more carbon atoms is from 0.10: 1.0 to 0.50: 1,0.5. The ink composition for ink jet printing according to Claim. 1, wherein the HLB value of the alkylene oxide adduct (A) of acetylene glycol, in which the main chain contains 12 or more carbon atoms is from 8 to 15.6. Composition of paint for ink jet printing according to Claim. 1, wherein the HLB value of the acetylene glycol (B), wherein the main chain contains 10 or more carbon atoms is equal to or less than 4.7. The ink composition for ink jet printing according to Claim. 1 further comprising a colorant veschestvo.8. The ink composition for ink jet printing according to Claim. 1 further comprising an organic rastvoritel.9. A delivery system of the paint, the paint vklyuchayuschayasoderzhaschy container in which the atmosphere and the ink may come into contact with each other and which contains


A digital laser interferometer was designed on the basis of original GMS1 Michaelson interferometer.The structure consisted of vibration isolating regulator and laser interference fringe counter.It could work in bright situations,could eliminate interferences of mechanical vibration,environment stray light,air flow,the fluctuation of the light source,multiple reflection and electricity.It could also record interference ring number automatically and accurately.The device had the advantages of anti-interference,practicality and versatility.


The effect of microstructures on the mechanical properties of multi-phase steels has been studied. The amount and nature of low temperature transformation products of the steels are changed through heat treatment and controlled cooling after hot rolling. Ferrite plus bainite steel has superior stretch- flangeability and fatigue strength while it is inferior in strength-uniform elongation relationship to ferrite plus martensite ("dual-phase") steel.Introduction of a small amount of martensite to ferrite plus bainite steel gives rise to a decrease in yield ratio and increase in work hardening rate. The microscopic examination shows that pearlite and martensite particles nucleate cracks easily and replacement of pearlite and martensite particles by more ductile bainite particles results in improved ductility. Stretch-flangeability of triphase steel is also improved by decreasing martensite particle size. It is concluded that ferrite-bainite-martensite (triphase) steel may be preferred to ferrite-martensite steel in automobile applications.


The effects of solution treatment and deformation-aging on the microstructures and tensile mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li-Zr alloy were investigated by microstructure observations and tensile tests at room temperature.The results show that increasing the solution temperature or solution time suitably will improve the strength and plasticity of the alloy.Proper pre-deformation will make T1 phase distribute more dispersively and homegeneously,greatly improving the tensile properties of the alloy.However,immoderate deformation will induce coarsenness and uneven distribution of T1 particles and degradation of the mechanical properties of the alloy.The appropriate solution treatment condition is 530℃/60 min.The favourable pre-deformation is about 3.5% under the experimental condition.


Representation of relative spatial relations between objects is required in many multimedia database applications. Quantitative representation of spatial relations taking into account shape, size, orientation and distance is often required. This cannot be accomplished by assimilating an object to elementary entities such as the centroid or the minimum bounding rectangle. Thus many authors have proposed numerous representations based on the notion of histograms of angles. However, they can only represent directional relations, but not the topological spatial relations "inside" and "overlap." Moreover, distance information is not explicitly taken into account. To address these issues, we propose in this paper a new histogram representation called R-Histogram that extends the histogram of angles by incorporating both angles and labeled distances. Dissimilarity between images is then defined by the distance between corresponding R-Histograms. A prototype Query By Example (QBE) system using the R-Histogram has been implemented. The effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated with experiments on two databases of 2000 synthetic images.


The objectives of this study are to analyze the producer's behaviors and characteristics of environmentally friendly agricultural products(organic agricultural products and non-chemicals agricultural products, low-chemicals agricultural products excluded). Firstly the present situation of environmentally-friendly agriculture is analyzed. Secondly the producer's behavior and attitude is analyzed tabularly and the social and economic characteristics of producers is analyzed by logit model with the results of sample surveys on 341 farmers who have been producing qualitycertificated environmentally friendly agricultural products. Thirdly based on the results of this study, problems and alternatives means in order to activate production of environmentally friendly agricultural products are finded and showed.


The thesis "Analysis and enterprise risk management of Niobium Fluid, Ltd" closely examines all associated business and management risks. The theoretical part analyses characteristics of a business and risk management associated with general operation of the enterprise. The practical part of the paper describes the chosen company and considers list of potential risks, their causes and consequences in context of the company's current development.


Abstract The investigations reported in the present paper deal with the behavior of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow in urethane-produced agranulocytosis and panmyelopathy in the cat. The principal conclusions follow: 1. A severe panmyelopathy can be produced regularly in cats by the administration of relatively small doses of urethane: viz., 0.05 to 0.1 Gm. per Kg. per day. The panmyelopathy is still reversible if the urethane is stopped early enough and if the animal is maintained with antibacterial therapy. 2. The time required for recovery of the bone marrow after cessation of urethane administration depends on the total dosage of the drug. After small doses recovery occurs rapidly; after large doses much more slowly. Individual sensitivity of the experimental animal also plays a role, however. 3. The effect of smaller doses of urethane (0.05 Gm./Kg./day) on the bone marrow is to produce inhibition of maturation of granulocytopoiesis, and, to a lesser degree, of thrombocytopoiesis. To a still lesser extent, there is also inhibition of maturation of the red cell series. 4. The effect of larger doses of urethane (0.1 Gm./Kg./day) on the bone marrow, the effect on maturation is overshadowed by a generalized depletion of all marrow cells. Part of this effect is due to a decrease in the number of mitoses, with reduction of the mitotic index; as well as qualitative alterations in the mitotic patterns. It is probable that the effect on mitoses results in the formation of cells which are incapable of life as well as in an overall decrease in the formation of cells. 5. In the cat, the neutrophilic granulocytes are most sensitive to the action of urethane. The lymphocytes are next most sensitive; then the megakaryocytes, finally the erythroblasts. The eosinophils were remarkably insensitive. 6. The normal plasmacellular reticulum cells are relatively insensitive to urethane. This is in contrast to the neoplastic myeloma cells in human beings which have been reported to be sensitive to urethane. 7. The administration of folic acid or of vitamin B6 to the experimental animals had no effect on the course of urethane agranulocytosis. 8. The normal granulocytopoiesis of the cat is about as sensitive towards urethane as the pathologic granulocytopoiesis of chronic myeloid leukoses of human beings. This is in contrast to the findings in other animals, and to normal granulocytopoiesis of man. The variation in behavior possibly indicates variations in enzyme systems in the various types of granulocytopoiesis, with only certain enzymes being affected by urethane. 9. Further experiments are in progress to determine if the effect of urethane on the bone marrow can be counteracted by means of other growth substances. It is hoped that better insight may thus be gained into the mechanism of action of urethane.


Relation classification aims to classify the entity pairs into a certain relation, which is an important task of natural language processing. The latest end-to-end models based on attention mechanism still have shortcomings, i.e., the attention will be gradually weakened when processing long sequences, and they cannot make use of the hidden type information of the entities. To solve these problems, we propose a relation classification model based on the selective entity-aware attention mechanism, which consists of context encoder and entity-aware attention network. In the context encoder, contextual word semantics are learned through self-attention. Entity selection is applied to adapt the fact that different words can determine each other's importance. Latent types of entities are taken as auxiliary information to make full use of the entities' hidden features. Experiments on the SemEval-2010 Task 8 dataset and TACRED show that our model outperforms the baselines without implementing any external resources or NLP tools, and the entity-aware attention indeed improve the model's performance.


1 Fundamentals of acoustic emission testing 2 Parameter and signal-based acoustic emission testing 3 Detection of cable breaks on suspension bridges 4 AET for detecting fractures in pre-stressed concrete wires in reinforced concrete bridges 4.1 Acoustic emission in concrete and re-enforced concrete 4.2 Comparison of laboratory and practical applications on a bridge 4.3 Suitability of acoustic emission testing for monitoring fractures in pre-stressed concrete wire in reinforced concrete bridges 4.4 Factors influencing localisation [2] 4.5 Additional possible fields of application [2] 5 Abbreviations 6 Literature


The objective of this study was to describe the development and testing of an initial ecological health assessment model, based on the index of biological integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages, before establishing the final and currently used model for ecological health assessment, conservation and management of freshwater fish in Korea. The initial fish IBI model was developed during 2004~2006 and included 10 metrics, and in 2007 the final IBI 8-metric model was established for application to streams and rivers in four major Korean watersheds. In this paper, we describe how we developed fish sampling methods, determined metric attributes and categorized tolerance guilds and trophic guilds during the development of the multi-metric model. Two of the initial metrics were removed and the initial evaluation categories were reduced from six to four (excellent, good, fair, poor) before establishing the final national fish model. In the development phase, IBI values were compared with chemical parameters (BOD and COD as indicators of organic matter pollution) and physical habitat parameters to identify differences in IBI model values between chemical and physical habitat conditions. These processes undertaken during the development of the IBI model may be helpful in understanding the modifications made and contribute to creating efficient conservation and management strategies for stream environments to be used by limnologists and fish ecologists as well as stream/watershed managers.


Neutron stars, binary stars and pulsars. The Arecibo radio antenna. The discovery of the first binary pulsar (PS1913+16) by Husle and Taylor. This pulsar's understanding in general relativity: A fantastic success.


The formation and development processes of dislocation in graphene are investigated by performing tight-binding molecular dynamics (TBMD) simulation and ab initio total energy calculation. It is found that the coalescence of pentagon-heptagon (5-7) pairs with vacancy defects induces the formation of dislocation due to the separation of two 5-7 pairs. In TBMD simulations, adatoms are ejected and evaporated from graphene surface so that the dislocation is developed. It is observed that diffusing carbon atoms nearby dangling bonds help non-hexagonal rings change into stable hexagonal rings. These results might give some ideas for the control of structural properties by inducing defect structures.


Platinum (Pt) supported on transition metal carbide (TMC) surfaces (Pt/TMC) has been the focus of significant research interest, due to the similar electronic and geometric structures between TMC and Pt. This paper focuses on a new type of electrocatalyst fabrication using high purity β-molybdenum carbide (referred to as Mo2C hereafter) nanotubes as a support and atomic layer deposition (ALD) as the Pt nanoparticle deposition technique (Pt/Mo2C). In particular, rotary ALD equipment was used to grow Pt particles from the subnanometer level to 2 to 3 nanometers by simply adjusting the number of ALD cycles in order to probe the interaction between the deposited Pt nanoparticles and Mo2C nanotube support. Lattice spacing analysis using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images, combined with Pt binding energy shift in XPS results, clearly showed a strong interaction between Pt nanoparticles and the Mo2C nanotube support in all the resultant Pt/Mo2C samples. We postulate that this strong interaction is responsible for the significantly enhanced durability observed in constant potential electrolysis (CPE) testing. Of the three samples from different ALD cycles (15, 50 and 100), Mo2C nanotubes modified by 50 (1.07 wt% Pt loading) and 100 cycles (4.4 wt% Pt) of Pt deposition showed higher activity per Pt mass than commercial 20% Pt supported on carbon black. Finally, we report the nanoscale Pt/Mo2C catalyst performance in a device setting for different Pt loadings by applying it in a PEMFC anode.


Review(s) of: Developments in Soil Mechanics, the second in a series of volumes, each consisting of 10 years of Rankine Lectures, and is reprinted from the journal Geoiechnique 1971-1980.


There is emerging evidence that women with visceral obesity may have hyper‐responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. There are no studies on basal daily secretory pattern of ACTH and cortisol in subjects with different obesity phenotypes.


In order to analyze the influence of different excavation methods on the stability of the tunnel, with reference to a tunnel engineering case, a three-dimensional finite element software was used for numerical simulation to study the stress variation, deformation and plastic zone distribution of surrounding rock during the excavation of the double arch tunnel under two different excavation methods, CD method and benching method. The results show that for the CD method, when the distance between left and right tunnel faces is more than 60m, the deformation, stress and plastic zone of surrounding rock and supporting structure tend to be stable. For the benching method excavation, when the distance between the left and right tunnel faces is more than 50m, the deformation, stress and plastic zone changes of surrounding rock and supporting structure tend to be stable.


Abstract Flow-induced crystallization of high-density polyethylene and polypropylene films has been studied in a slit die equipped with optical windows to allow direct visual observation of the process. Mechanical and thermal property measurements and morphological analyses verify the presence of self-reinforced, extended-chain structures in the extrudate. By controlling the location of the crystallization front inside the die but near the exit, continuous extrusion was possible at lower pressures than previously reported. Birefringence measurements of the melt flow indicated the feasibility of an optimal die geometry to maximize oriented structure development during continuous extrusion while minimizing pressure buildup.


It is shown that a homogeneous set of n points in the d-dimensional Euclidean space determines at least Ω(n2d/(d 2+1)/ log n) distinct distances for a constant c(d) > 0. In three-space, the above general bound is slightly improved and it is shown that a homogeneous set of n points determines at least Ω(n.6091) distinct distances.


Hearing aids aims to improve speech intelligibility for hearing impaired patients to levels comparable to those for normal hearing listeners. However, the interference of environmental noises greatly increase the difficulty of hearing loss compensation. Most related research only focuses on one aspect of noise reduction and hearing loss compensation. In this letter, we propose a metric generative adversarial framework based on a frequency-time convolution recurrent network for joint noise reduction and hearing loss compensation. The audiogram is extended along the frequency axis to form embedded features. A metric discriminator is introduced and the optimization of the generator is guided by an evaluation score related to hearing loss compensation. Additional perceptual-based losses are set to stabilize optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed method can better reduce noise and compensate for hearing loss compared with other algorithms.


To explore effect mechanisms of intellectual capital,198 enterprises participated in the investigation.The results indicated that bureaucratic culture positively influenced organizational capital;innovative and supportive culture positively influenced human capital;relational capital was effected by supportive culture,three aspect of intellectual capital had different influence on performance.Implications,limitations and future research directions for the study are discussed.


PERIOPERATIVE FLUID MANAGEMENT has been studied extensively, especially in noncardiac surgery populations, and hypovolemia and hypervolemia clearly have been identified as major contributors of morbidity and mortality. It has been demonstrated that both hypovolemia, eventually leading to inadequate oxygen delivery (DO2), and hypervolemia, which causes tissue edema, organ dysfunction, and coagulation system alterations, are associated with increased perioperative morbidity risk that has been welldescribed as a "parabolic-U-shape" relationship. Nonetheless, to date, the optimal regimen of fluids administration still is a matter of debate, and great concerns remain about the type (colloids v crystalloids), the ideal composition, and the amount of fluids that should be administered. Whereas in low-risk patients undergoing minor surgery, "liberal" fluid administration (or "nonrestrictive") seems to improve outcome, reducing complications and length of stay, but in high-risk and pediatric surgeries, the issue is much more complex and individualized fluid administration (goaldirected therapy [GDT]) seems to be reasonable. In cardiac surgery patients, the distribution of fluids in the intravascular or extravascular spaces depends on a number of intraoperative and postoperative factors that highly influence the pathophysiology of body fluid kinetics, including the patients' body surface area; cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (starting, conducting, and weaning); CPB priming solution (volume and composition); cardioplegic solutions (volume, composition, and temperature); CPB circuits and artificial lungs; thermal management; and vasoactive and inotropic drugs. Patient age is another key factor determining different fluid kinetics during cardiac surgery. This review is the first of 2 concerning fluid management during and after adult and


Context: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by traditional motor features. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are also seen in PD, which inevitably emerge through the disease progression and are often under-recognized and untargeted. Aims: We studied the prevalence of NMS in PD and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study from January 2017 to July 2017 of PD patients (n = 100) was done. NMS and HRQoL are measured using NMS scoring scale; PD questionnaire-39 and Hoehn and Yahr scale, respectively. Motor symptoms were assessed using scales for outcome in Parkinson's disease (SCoPA) - motor scoring scale. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics calculated for NMS' prevalence. Continuous variables were assessed by two-tailed t-test and discrete and categorical variables by chi-square test. Multiple linear regression analysis was done among scoring scales to identify the influence on 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) scoring scale. All statistical data collected are analyzed with SSPS software version- 20 for windows. Results: In 100 study population, 66 were males and 34 females. The mean age was 68.35 years and median onset of duration of PD was 3.49 with 64.6% on treatment. Fatigue, pain, and lightheadedness were more prevalent NMS with 78%, 75%, and 69%, respectively. With regression analysis, strongest predictor was NMSS score (P = 0.000), with each unit increase, it is associated with nearly 0.65 increase in PDQ-39 score. Conclusion: Though motor symptoms define the disease, NMS have a larger impact on HRQoL in PD and on caregiver's life. Understanding the pattern and effect of NMS is needed for targeted treatment strategies.


The yellow passion fruit tis cultivated and commercialized throughout the Brazilian territory, it contributes to the generation of employment, and can be cultivated from micro to large producers. The Passifloraceae family is one of the most studied in breeding programs, aiming at the production of hybrids. The objective of the work was to identify the pollen viability of Passiflora edulis, using three dyes, being Lugol 2%, Alexander reactive 2% and blackcurrant juice. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's test to compare means at a significance level of 5%, using the R software.  The results indicated a high rate of viable pollens, with no difference between the dyes used, since that the reactive dye Alexander was the one that best enable the identification of viable and non-viable pollens.


The first chapter on definitions, terminology and classification sets the scene and provides a good basic outline for what lies ahead. The chapter on anatomy is detailed and comprehensive. The third chapter covers physiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis. This is an excellent chapter with a wealth of both clinical and experimental data. This is followed by sections on microbiology and immunology which again are well covered and supported by literature references. The chapter on diagnosis is of value to both family practitioners and specialists. Emphasis is placed on pneumatic otoscopy, something very much under-used by primary care doctors and a practice of great value. There is possibly a little too much emphasis on tympanometry. Inadequate emphasis on the physical examination of the ear and the effect of wax in the external meatus may lead primary care physicians to feel secure that tympanometry will provide all the answers. The need for a good auroscope and competent examination technique of the ear is more important and could have been stressed more. Tympanocentesis for acute otitis is subject to different criteria in the United States and is not commonly performed in the UK. The assessment of eustachian tube function and dysfunction is also not quite as clear-cut as implied.


The Iraqi Ministry of Justice, like other Iraqi ministries, has many human resources that are spread in all governorates of Iraq, which are distinguished by the different services provided by the ministry and which depend on the various judicial services provided by its various departments, such as the Real Estate Registration Department and the Notary Department, and on the other hand. The Department for the Care of Minors, and on the third side the Iraqi Reform Department, and this requires that the human resources owned by the Ministry have special qualifications compatible with the advanced service, and the Ministry of Justice suffers like many governmental organizations from not following an advanced scientific approach, and is subject to applied and field studies in the performance evaluation process. Consequently, performance is evaluated inaccurately, which is reflected in identifying realistic strengths and weaknesses, which leads to poor handling of weaknesses properly, and also leads to the failure of the strategic development process that takes place after the performance evaluation step, so this study aims to provide assistance to decision-makers in The Ministry researched in the strategic development process by studying the effect of evaluating human resources on the investment of intellectual capital as a mechanism for improving The performance and the increase of the Ministry's focus on the need to adopt performance evaluation standards according to international methodologies, using the Model of Excellence in the Foundation of European Quality Management (EFQM 2013), as the Ministry's failure to adopt an internationally recognized model for assessing its institutional performance level reflects negatively on determining the level of that performance. Therefore, it is considered an attempt to address weaknesses and strengthen strengths by introducing improvement mechanisms that are in line with the Ministry's orientations and according to a global methodology, and to determine the ranges of strength and weakness according to the European Excellence Model (EFQM 2013) and the possibility of addressing them through the adoption of the proposed improvement mechanisms.
The questionnaire derived from the standards of the European Modelof Excellence was used and also included the criteria for investing intellectual capital as a mechanism to improve performance. They were chosen by the decision-makers in the researched ministry from among ten mechanisms for improvement by adopting the Delphi method and in two consecutive rounds. Reaching a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which are:
That there is a statistical correlation with positive significant significant for human resources management of in the investment of intellectual capital.
There is a statistically significant effect at the level of significance (0.05 ≥ α) for the European Excellence Award (Human Resources) variable on intellectual capital investment.
The study concluded by presenting a set of recommendations based on the conclusions reached, including:


The present invention relates to a ribavirin oral disintegrant tablet for curing influenza virus and its preparation method. Said invention provides its structural formula and its chemical molecular formula, and its composition includes C8H12N4O5 and five auxiliary materials or eight auxiliary materials, and it can be made of two methods, and can be mainly used for curing the diseases of upper respiratory tract infection, influenza, virus hepatitis A, epidemia hemmorrhagic fever and herpes zoster, etc.


We investigate the dark transport properties of organic photovoltaic devices formed by a heterojunction of a semiconducting co-polymer and the fullerene (C60) [. The copolymers are composed of thiophene, phenylene and fluorene units, where the thiophene content was kept constant while the fluorene/phenylene ratio was varied. Measurements show that for low voltage, the current versus voltage (j x V) characteristics presents an exponential increasing, typical of a diode behavior. On the other hand, the j x V curves are space-charge limited at high voltages. This latter response follows the theoretical predictions proposed by Koehler et al in Ref. [ (see also [), which explains the dark current in polymer/fullerene photodiodes at high V's. To describe the full j x V characteristics, we have extended the analysis in Ref. [ assuming a space-charge dependent inner series resistance. From such model we are able to nicely fit the experimental curves, to estimate the effective mobility in the whole device and to obtain the diode reverse saturation current j0. Finally, the results indicate that the copolymer with the highest effective total mobility is the PFT [(9,9dihexyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)-1,2-ethenediyl-2,5-thiophene-1,2ethenediy.


By solving the Schrödinger equation one obtains the whole energy spectrum, both the bound and the continuum states. If the Hamiltonian depends on a set of parameters, these could be tuned to a transition from bound to continuum states. The behavior of systems near the threshold, which separates bound-states from continuum states, is important in the study of such phenomenon as: ionization of atoms and molecules, molecule dissociation, scattering collisions and stability of matter. In general, the energy is non-analytic as a function of the Hamiltonian parameters or a bound-state does not exist at the threshold energy. The overall goal of this chapter is to show how one can predict, generate and identify new class of stable quantum systems using large-dimensional models and the finite size scaling approach. Within this approach, the finite size corresponds not to the spatial dimension but to the number of elements in a complete basis set used to expand the exact eigenfunction of a given Hamiltonian. This method is efficient and very accurate for estimating the critical parameters, {λi}, for stability of a given Hamiltonian, H(λi). We present two methods of obtaining critical parameters using finite size scaling for a given quantum Hamiltonian: The finite element method and the basis set expansion method. The long term goal of developing finite size scaling is treating criticality from first principles at quantum phase transitions. In the last decade considerable attention has concentrated on a new class of phase transitions, transitions which occur at the absolute zero of temperature. These are quantum phase transitions which are driven by quantum fluctuations as a consequence of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. These new transitions are tuned by parameters in the Hamiltonian. Finite size scaling might be useful in predicting the quantum critical parameters for systems going through quantum phase transitions.


Due to the success of CRM training in aviation at improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of trainees, CRM training has been adapted and implemented in a number of domains beyond aviation. In this paper, we chose to focus on the health care community's efforts because of the high risk and frequency of errors in this domain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we turned to the literature to identify and gather the training evaluation efforts being conducted in the health care community. Fifteen studies were identified. Next, we analyzed the research to determine the effectiveness of the CRM training efforts. As the effectiveness of training was not as positive as hoped, we conclude with several observations that may be hindering the effectiveness of their training efforts.


ITERS (Infant and Toddler Environment Rating Scale), ECERS (Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale) and SACERS (School Age Care Environment Rating Scale) are used to measure process quality. The psychometric characteristics of the three scales are established, and high reliability and adequate validity are observed. The global quality process for the classrooms under study is less than good; process quality based on the direct interaction of adults with children in the classroom is better when compared with quality related to the experiences that children have with learning materials, equipment and space. The associations between child development outcomes and childcare quality are examined. Vocabulary, social development and adaptive behaviour show a strong and positive association with ECERS. Hierarchical regression analyses show that preschool quality has a significant and persistent effect in the variation of child outcomes (5%). These effects are maintained three years later, when children are in primary school (8%).


The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate changes in the temporomandibular joint spaces (TMJSs) in skeletal Class III adult patients with orthognathic surgery using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images taken from 26 orthognathic surgery adult patients (15 females, 11 males, average 19.6 ± 2.8 years at pretreatment, range 15.8–26.8 years) with skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB < 1°) were used for this study. TMJSs (AS, anterior space; SS, superior space; PS, posterior space; MS, medial space; CS, central space; LS, lateral space) were measured at each stage of treatment (T0, pretreatment; T1, presurgery; T2, postsurgery; T3, posttreatment, and T4, retention) and were compared according to gender, side, vertical skeletal pattern, number of surgery sites, and amount of mandibular setback. At T0, TMJSs were significantly greater in SS than in AS and PS. The ratio of AS to SS to PS was 1.0 to 1.5 to 1.1. TMJSs were significantly greater in MS and CS than in LS. The ratio of MS to CS to LS was 1.0 to 1.0 to 0.8. All TMJSs in males were significantly greater than in females except in PS. TMJSs on the left side were significantly greater than on the right side only in PS. TMJSs were not significantly different depending on the SN-MP, number of surgery sites, and amount of setback. From T0 to T4, there were no significant changes in TMJSs or their ratios according to gender, side, sella to nasion (SN), mandibular plane (MP), number of surgery sites, and amount of setback. Exceptionally, at T4, SS and CS were significantly greater in the small amount of setback group than in the large amount of setback group. There were no statistical changes in TMJSs throughout all stages when skeletal Class III patients were treated with surgery.


The utility model provides tripper-car-free stacking equipment. The stacking equipment comprises a feeding belt conveyor, a transferring belt conveyor, a supporting platform, a front arm frame, a swing support, a winch and a steel wire rope, wherein the feeding belt conveyor and the transferring belt conveyor are fixedly mounted on the supporting platform; the feeding belt conveyor obliquely penetrates through the supporting platform from the middle of the supporting platform; the swing support is mounted on the supporting platform through a swing mechanism; a counter weight arm frame is arranged on the swing support, and a counter weight is arranged on the counter weight arm frame; the front arm frame is arranged on the other side, which is opposite to the counter weight arm frame, of the swing support; the tail end of the front arm frame is hinged to the swing support; the winch is arranged on the counter weight arm frame; one end of the steel wire rope is fixedly mounted on the winch, and the other end of the steel wire rope sequentially penetrates through a pulley at the top of the swing support and a pulley on the front arm frame to be fixed on the swing support; a stacking belt conveyor is arranged on the front arm frame, and a feeding port of the stacking belt conveyor is located right under a discharging port of the transferring belt conveyor. The stacking equipment is compact in structure, the overall weight and the occupied area are reduced, and the production cost is reduced.


Prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity is increasing from year to year. Increased body weight is influenced by several factors, for example, genetic, physical activity, and their lifestyle. In globalization era, people tend to consume fast food which is high saturated fat and carbohydrate, but low of nutrient substance that body needs. This aim of this study is to analyze the relation between frequency of fast food consumption and nutrional status in adolescent aged thirteen to fifteen at SMP St. Yoseph Medan. This study method was analytic with cross-sectional design and held from August to September 2014. The sample technique was consecutive sampling. Total samples were 162 respondents based on the inclusion criteria. This study was done by distributed the questionnaire to the respondents. The results showed that 16 samples (9,9%) were undernutrition, 83 samples (51,2%) were normal weight, 40 samples (24,7%) were overweight, and 23 samples (14,2) were obesity. The conclusion of this study that there is a relation between frequency of fast food consumption and nutrional status. There is also a relation between nutritional knowledge about fast food and nutrional status and also the frequency of fast food consumption.


ABSTRACT We assessed the occurrence of inadequate and harmful clinical supervision experienced by supervisees engaged in post-degree supervision for licensure. Among 310 supervisees receiving post-degree supervision for licensure in 16 jurisdictions in the US, we found that 77.7% were currently receiving inadequate supervision and 30% were currently receiving harmful supervision – using supervisee-protective approach, 62.3% were currently receiving harmful supervision. Supervisees often failed to identify inadequate and harmful supervision as such. We also found that the use of supervision contracts was inversely related to the occurrence of inadequate supervision. Considering these and other findings, we offer implications for supervisees and supervisors.


The central starting point and aim of the "Three Represents" are to realize aspirations of the people, meet the needs of the people and safeguard the interests of the people. With the reform and the transformation of property rights developing in depth, the laid-off workers in enterprises are increasing. Some of them lost their job, decreased their income and had financial difficulties, they form a new group of the workers and staff members in financial difficulties. At present, to care for the workers and staff members in financial difficulties, help them and give relief to them are an inevitable duty of "the first responsible person" by trade unions who carry out the important thought of the "Three Represents" under the new situation.


Introduction: Sympathetic hyperactivity is one of the most important causes of resistant hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows measurement of blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) throughout the day, as well as measurement of diurnal variations in BP and PR, which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that abnormal diurnal change of BP and PR are associated with resistant hypertension. Methods: We evaluated 1003 patients with hypertension who were enrolled in the Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure Study and were using ABPM. Resistant hypertension was defined as clinic BP≧140/90 mmHg despite the use of optimal doses of 3 classes of antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic. BP or PR dipper status was defined as (awake systolic BP (SBP) or PR-sleep SBP or PR)/awake SBP or PR ≧0.1. BP or PR nondipper status was defined as (awake SBP or PR-sleep SBP or PR)/awake SBP or PR <0.1 and ≧0. BP and PR riser status were defined as awake SBP or...


During the operation of nuclear power plants, the leaks of radioactive fission products are inevitable. The main gaseous radioactive components of air include isotopes of xenon and krypton along with the vaporous radioactive iodine. Therefore, now, the problem of respiratory protection of personnel of nuclear power plants, and other enterprises, that use radioactive components, against vaporous radioactive iodine and iodine-containing compounds is very actually. In addition a stable isotope of iodine is widely used in the production, in which also needed the protection of personnel from the iodine vapor. At the present time, the inorganic adsorbents, often processed with silver nitrate, are used for the accumulation of iodine from the environment. The chemically production of this substance is energy-intensive and cost-consuming process. Using modern biotechnological methods and biological objects is a promising direction in the development of methods for extracting iodine from the environment. For the purpose of decreasing the manufacturing of sorbent cost and simplification of technology of its production, as well as providing higher dynamic action of sorbent by iodine vapors in this research, the new sorbents based on see algae were developed. Sea algae have a highly developed porous surface, which provide high efficiency of aerosols capture. It has a resistance against moisture along with thermal and chemical resistance. Furthermore, it is known, that sea algae neutralize radioactive effect because of organic iodine compounds, polysaccharides, vitamins and other important minerals. For obtaining of sorbents the surface of sea algae was treated by organic amines and metal salts with the purpose to obtain components of the compounds on the surface. It was found out, that the sorbent, based on methylamine and calcium chloride, has the best sorption properties. The dependence of iodine absorption on temperature was studied and the values of the diffusion adsorption heat were calculated. It is shown that the obtained sorbents provide the chemically activated adsorption.


Effect of different strains on storage performance in Agaricus bisporus through comparing water loss rate and browning degree between the tested strains(Ji168、As2796、XiaXiu2000、F-56、U3、176) was studied in this paper.The results showed that,as the storage temperature increased,Water loss rate(WLR) of Agaricus bisporus significantly increased,which the WLR range of Agaricus bisporus 'Ji 168' was smallest and that of 176 was largest among tested strains,at the condition with oxygen concentration of 4%and concentration carbon dioxide of 10%,the storage performance of Ji 168 was significantly superior to that of tested strains.


This paper proposes a new semantics for the conditional, which combines elements of Stalnaker's theory and the rival approach due to Lewis and Kratzer. It is claimed that this conditional enables a simple compositional treatment of combinations of conditionals with modalities. ∗I owe thanks to Craige Roberts to several conversations about this topic while the ideas were in an early stage of development, and to Kai von Fintel for helpful discussions concerning Conditional Excluded Middle.


MENTAL HEALTH services have been a frequent source of bad news in recent years. A series of tragic deaths involving mentally ill people living in the community has done nothing to improve the morale of staff in an overstretched, underfunded service.


Objective To explore the clinic effect of continuing drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by terminal cistern inserted tube, combined with pouring into urokinase treating serious subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) . Methods 28 cases of SAH patients were taken for the observe group from January 2002 to Jane 2003,applied terminal cistern inserted tube, combined with pouring into urokinase; 20 cases patients of applying CSF replacement by lumber puncture were taken for the control group.Results The observe group was shorter than the control group in cleaning time of SA stagnant blood (P0.01) ;the observe group was quicker than the control in reducing headache time (P0.01) ;the observe group was shorter than the control group in coma time (P0.01) ;the observe group was shorter than the control group in decreasing intracranial pressure,cleaning bloody CSF time (P0.01) ;It could reduce obviously three major complications of rehemorrhage.cerebrovascular convulsion, brain stagnant water. Conclusions the effect of adopting drainage of CSF by terminal cistern inserted tube, combined with pouring into urokinase treating serious SAH was better than CSF replacement by lumber puncture.


We develop two new measures for assessing project uncertainty in sensitivity/scenario analyses. For sensitivity analysis, we develop the "Z% Elasticity Coefficient," building on the elasticity concept in economics. For scenario analyses, we develop the "Proportionate Range." Both are substitutes for employing mean–variance (of Net Present Value or NPV) analysis, which has been criticized for assessing project uncertainty. The appendix provides examples of computing each measure for a hypothetical project.


My thanks to Dr Matt for the reference to his review of the Meckel diverticulum literature through 1938. He reiterates a major caution: 99m Tc scanning for Meckel diverticulum is not 100% reliable. Of interest is a recent study of the use of this diagnostic technique ( Journal of Nuclear Medicine 17:553, 1976) that reports 78% accuracy. Scanning with 99m Tc is expensive. In Army teaching hospitals the estimated cost is $50, but private fees on the east coast may reach $150, exceeding the cost in Dr Matt's area. A properly conceived 99m Tc scan would not delay an urgently needed procedure. I don't endorse its use for patients with acute abdominal emergency or unstable gastrointestinal bleeding, although no special patient preparation is needed and the time from isotope injection to completion of scans need not exceed 45 minutes. Retrospectively, I agree that our case was typical. The scan,


The sound radiation from unbaffled vibrating plates is a classical problem that is often solved numerically by coupling a vibration model to the surrounding air with the boundary element method, or the finite differences in the time domain (FDTD). Here, the surrounding air is instead represented with Green's functions computed with the edge source integral equation (ESIE) [Asheim and Svensson, JASA 133, pp. 3681-3691, 2013]. Expressions are derived for the analytical edge directivity functions in the ESIE for the special case of a thin flat plate with sources on both sides of the plate, of opposite polarity. Frequency-domain as well as time-domain results are presented, for specified vibration patterns, including an unbaffled piston. The coupling of the Green's functions to an FDTD model of the plate vibration is outlined. The singularity issues that appear with the ESIE for certain radiation directions are handled using a recent hybrid approach [Martin et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 139, 2202 (2016)] where ...


Taste buds on the mammalian tongue are confined to the epithelium of three types of gustatory papillae: the fungiform(FF), circumvallate(CV), and foliate(FL) . Because taste bud cells are periodically renewed, the morphogenesis, number and function of taste buds are changing with the age. Gustatory papillae are unique in the tongue in their ability to support the formation and to maintain taste buds. Evidence showed that the taste papillae play a major role in determining the number, location and size of taste buds, as well as their maintenance. Although several factors (signaling molecules, gustatory nerve fibers, etc. ) have many affinities with the development of the papillae and taste buds, the specific mechanism that regulate initiation, growth, and maintenance of the papillae and taste buds are still not clear yet.


The use of a simple, rapid (one minute) and nondestructive technique for inline monitoring of electrically active impurities introduced during wafer fabrication is reported. The technique is shown to have a resolution on the order of 1×1010/cm2 , better than that of most spectroscopic techniques such as SIMS, XRF, and AES which are time consuming and destructive. It is based on the use of a surface charge analyzer as a tool for MOS capacitance-voltage measurements. The technique has been successfully applied for monitoring cleaning stations and diffusion furnaces; detection of contaminants is shown to correlate well with the electrical performance of thin dielectrics. Also demonstrated is the use of this surface-photovoltage-based technique for in-line monitoring of very low levels of plasma-induced damage in the SiO2/Si system


An approach is outlined for designing fixed-order dynamic compensators for multivariable time-invariant linear systems, based on minimizing a linear quadratic performance index. The formulation is done in an output feedback setting that exploits an observer canonical form to represent the compensator dynamics. The formulation also precludes the use of direct feedback of the plant output. The main contribution lies in defining a method for penalizing the states of the plant and of the compensator, and for choosing the distribution on initial conditions so that the loop transfer matrix approximates that of a full-state feedback design. When linear quadratic regulator theory is used to do the full-state feedback design, the approach can result in good gain and phase margin characteristics. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach. The first treats the problem of pointing a flexible structure, and the second is a helicopter flight control problem using a tenth-order model for the fuselage and rotor dynamics. Both of the examples considered in this paper are for nonsquare plants.


The invention discloses a glyphosate microbiological degradation preparation and a preparation method thereof. The glyphosate microbiological degradation preparation is prepared by using microbiological fermentation mixed solution, straw charcoal powder, turf, dried chicken dung and azophoska according to weight ratio being 1: (5-10): (10-5): (3-4): (1-2). The microbiological fermentation mixed solution is fermentation solution of Bacillus muscilaginosus, Bacillus megatherium, azotobacteria and Streptomyces microflavus, wherein the volume part ratio of Bacillus muscilaginosus to Bacillus megatherium to azotobacteria to Streptomyces microflavus is (2-3): (1-1.5): (1-1.5): (1-2). The glyphosate microbiological degradation preparation has an efficacy of utilizing and degrading glyphosate and can be used as a means for performing detoxification remediation on farmlands in which the glyphosate is used for removing weeds year after year; and since the preparation is a microbiological fertilizer, the fertilization and the degradation of the glyphosate are completed in one step and the production cost and the labor cost are not increased. Moreover, the production process is simple and large-scale production is easy to realize.


The prevalence of tumors of jaw bones is very less among all types of neoplasms. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent of primary malignant bone tumor producing osteoid or bone. On comparing to long bones, it occurs occasionally in the jaws and accounts for about 4% of the tumor. In jaw bones, it represents a discrete group of lesions from the conventional type generally occurring in long bones. OS of the maxilla is rarer preferably present in the posterior portion of the alveolar process and the antrum, however, in mandible body is most frequently involved followed by angle, symphysis, and ascending ramus. This article presented a rarer case of OS of maxilla in a 47-year-old male patient. We gave final diagnosis on the basis of clinical features in combination of occlusal radiograph and panoramic radiograph and histology report.


Amygdaloid and pontine projections to the feline ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (HVM) were studied with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anterograde transport of tritiated amino acids. Following injections of HRP into HVM, amygdaloid neurons were labeled in the ipsilateral cortical and medial nuclei and the ventral portion of the parvocellular part of the basal nucleus. In experiments in which HRP was injected into the tuberal hypothalamus following stria terminalis lesions, it was determined that amygdaloid neurons projecting to HVM by way of the stria terminalis were located in the cortical and medial nuclei while those projecting through another route, presumably the ventral amygdalofugal pathway, were found in the rostral part of the medial nucleus and the parvocellular basal nucleus.


We begin by advancing conjectures, closely fitting numerical estimates, for the Hilbert-Schmidt separability/PPT probabilities of the 35- and 63-dimensional convex sets of ($2 \times 3$) qubit-qutrit and ($2 \times 4$) qubit-qudit states, as well as certain related scenarios. We reason that the underlying volume formulas might closely parallel those now well-established--via a "master Lovas-Andai formula"--in their lower (15)-dimensional two-qubit analogue. The qubit-qutrit conjecture we obtain is $(\frac{3}{10})^3 =\frac{3^3}{2^3 \cdot 5^3} = \frac{27}{1000} =0.027$, with the counterpart two-qubit separability probablity being $\frac{8}{33}=\frac{2^3}{3 \cdot 11} \approx 0.242424$. In the ($2 \times 4$) qubit-qudit case, we advance $\frac{16}{12375} =\frac{4^2}{3^2 \cdot 5^3 \cdot 11} \approx 0.001292929$ as the PPT-probability. The numerators of the probabilities for $2 \times m$ scenarios are, thus, possibly simply powers of $m$. We also search for the rebit-retrit counterpart to the established two-rebit result of $\frac{29}{64} =\frac{29}{2^6} \approx 0.453125$. Additionally, we find that the Hilbert-Schmidt separability/PPT-probabilities for the two-rebit, rebit-retrit and two-retrit $X$-states all equal $\frac{16}{3 \pi^2} \approx 0.54038$, as well as more generally, that the probabilities based on induced measures are equal across these three sets of $X$-states. Then, we extend the Lovas-Andai two-qubit framework from Hilbert-Schmidt measures to induced ones, raising the possibility of a still more general master formula.


Features of light absorption are critical to optical aspects of water quality and in regulating the signal available in the emergent flux from the surface. Spectral characteristics, dynamics, and relationships with optically active constituents and common optical metrics, are documented for three light absorbing components in culturally eutrophic Onondaga Lake, New York, U.S.A., based on the results of a 5 year study. The absorption coefficient, a(m -1 ), is partitioned according to the additive components of colored dissolved organic matter (a CDOM ), non-algal particles (a NAP ), phytoplankton (a φ ), and water itself (a w ; known), based on laboratory measurements for near surface samples collected weekly for the spring to fall interval over the 2004-2008 period. Supporting bulk measurements included dissolved organic carbon, total suspended solids (TSS) and its organic and inorganic (FSS) fractions, the concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a ([Chl]), downwelling irradiance profiles to determine the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K d ), the beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm [c(660)], and Secchi disc depth. The average exponential slope values for a CDOM (0.0168 nm -1 ) and a NAP (0.0126 nm -1 ) were very similar to those reported for other case 2 systems. The shapes of a φ spectra, represented by the ratio a φ (440): a φ (676), were found to negatively depend on [Chl]. The largest component of a at 440 nm, the reference wavelength, in each of the 5 years was a CDOM (∼45 to 60 %), the smallest was a NAP (∼15 to 25 %). Progressive decreases in yearly average a φ , particularly over the last three years are documented in response to decreases in [Chl], driven by increased nutrient limitation and Daphnia grazing (2008 only). Wide short-term variations are demonstrated within years for the components of a, particularly in response to the timing of runoff and Daphnia grazing events. Strong positive relationships are reported between a NAP and both TSS and FSS, a φ (at both λ = 440 and 676 nm) and [Chl], and a p (a NAP plus a φ ) and both TSS and c(660). The summation of the absorbing components at 440 nm is demonstrated to be a strong predictor of K d . The utility of the information in supporting a model for K d and SD and advancing monitoring of water quality through measurements of surface reflectance is described.


According to the production of plate production in China in 2002, compared with advanced units abroad, the current situation and exiting gap of plate production in several aspects, such as rolling mill, product structure, technological equipment etc is analyzed, especially for reheating furnace, rolling mill, finishing line and heat treatment. Some suggestions are put forward for modification and development of plate production in China. And the discussion about the latest development of plate mill in China is discussed.


The employment of additional spectrum is considered the most simple and effective way to boost network capacity for next-generation wireless communications. Towards this end, ongoing research work has been undertaken by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) on enabling 5G new radio (NR) in the unlicensed band, which is called NR-U. In particular, some key physical layer technologies based on the NR air interface must be enhanced, by reason of the different regulatory requirements in the unlicensed band. In this paper, a comprehensive physical random access channel (PRACH) sequence design scheme is presented for the NR-U system, which is characterized by low cubic metric (CM), enhanced coverage, resistance to carrier frequency offset (CFO), and low-complexity detection. For the proposed sequence, a joint timing offset and CFO estimation scheme is proposed, furthermore, the theoretical derivation of CM and maximum coupling loss (MCL) is conducted. Results show that the proposed sequence can maintain a comparatively low CM value with an increment of the number of frequency-domain sequence repetitions while having remarkably improved PRACH coverage and detection performance.


Based on the uncertainty and complexity of risk assessment of information security and limitations of the application of the traditional mathematical models in risk assessment of information security,we proposed an evaluating method of risk assessment of information security based on particle swarm-wavelet neural network(PWNN) by means of integrating the artificial neural networks,wavelet analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm.Firstly,the risk factors were quantized by fuzzy evaluation method,and the input of ANN was fuzzily pre-treated.Secondly,the wavelet neural network was trained by particle swarm optimization algorithm.The simulation results show that risk level of the information system can be evaluated quantitatively by the PWNN model proposed in this paper,and the shortcomings of current assessment methods can be overcome,such as more subjectivity,randomness and fuzzy conclusion,and PWNN has better learning ability and more faster convergence rate than that of the current methods.


The character of the organic matter of Chattanooga shale kerogen was determined by studying the products obtained by oxidation of the shale and kerogen with concentrated nitric acid. A violent reaction, which was partly caused by pyrite, occurred on treating the raw shale with concentrated nitric acid, but considerable oxidation occurred as evidenced by the 35.7 and 5.8% of the total carbon appearing as carbon dioxide and acetic acid, respectively. A methcd was developed in which large samples of shale were extracted with hydrofluoric and nitric acids to give a sample of kerogen containing 1 to 3% ash in a relatively short period of time. To avoid foaming of reaction mixture, a two-stage oxidation procedure was developed which consisted of first treating with concentrated nitric acid at 75 deg C for one hour followed by retreatment of the products insoluble in dilute nitric acid with concentrated nitric acid at reflux for one hour. The acids insoluble in dilute nitric acid from both the first and second stages were shown to be nitrated and oxidized tc a considerable extent. Equivalent weights of 211 and 159 were found for the acids from the first and second stages respectively compared with an equivalentmore » weight of 776 for the kerogen. Infrared spectral data, atomic hydrogen/carbon ratios, and empirical formulas, calculated from the chemical analyses, showed that the acids were a complex mixture containing both aliphatic and aromatic components. The 75 deg C soluble acids, isolated in the first stage, and the 120 deg C soluble acids, isolated from the second state, appeared to be composed of principally allphatic structures. Free sulfuric acid which was found in both of the acids is assumed to have originated from organic structures since no sulfate was observed in either the kerogen or the insoluble acids. An equivalent weight of 277 was observed for the 75 deg C soluble acids and 144 for the 120 deg C soluble acids. Hydrogen/carbon ratios of 1.28 and 1.17 were observed for the 75 and 120 deg C soluble acids, respectively, while the oxygen/carbon ratio of the 120 deg C acids, 0.45, was higher than that of the 75 deg C soluble acids, 0.28. Infrared spectra and empirical formulas of both acids emphasized the predominantly aliphatic character. They are thought to be composed of predominantly alicyclic, which may contain unsaturated linkages, and/or unsaturated open-chain organic structures. It is estimated that from 60 to 70% of the carbon in the organic matter of Chattanooga shale is of an aliphatic nature. (auth)« less


System and method for increasing the efficiency of the OTEC (OTEC) system is described. In some examples, the system, OTEC systems such as solar collector was used to collect the heat energy, warm ocean water that is located in the solar collector, the warmed water heat engine carburetor to provide to. In some instances, OTEC system provides electrical and other energy to another system, resulting in the cycle of sustainable economic development of energy and resources.


Through time series analysis, this paper empirically explores, confirms and extends the trademark/patent inter-relationship as proposed in the normative intellectual-property (IP)-oriented Innovation Agenda view of the science and technology (S&T) firm. Beyond simple correlation, it is shown that trademark-filing (Trademarks) and patent-application counts (Patents) have similar (if not, identical) structural attributes (including similar distribution characteristics and seasonal variation, cross-wavelet synchronicity/coherency (short-term cross-periodicity) and structural breaks) and are cointegrated (integration order of 1 – I(1)) over a period of approximately 40 years (given the monthly observations). The existence of cointegration strongly suggests a "long-run" equilibrium between the two indices; that is, there is (are) exogenous force(s) restraining the two indices from diverging from one another. Structural breakpoints in the chrono-dynamics of the indices supports the existence of potentially similar exogeneous forces(s), as the break dates are simultaneous/near-simultaneous (Trademarks: 1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, 2011; Patents: 1988, 1994, 2000, and 2011). A discussion of potential triggers (affecting both time series) causing these breaks, and the concept of equilibrium in the context of these proxy measures are presented. The cointegration order and structural co-movements resemble other macro-economic variables, stoking the opportunity of using econometrics approaches to further analyze these data. As a corollary, this work further supports the inclusion of trademark analysis in innovation studies. Lastly, the data and corresponding analysis tools (R program) are presented as Supplementary Materials for reproducibility and convenience to conduct future work for interested readers.


For the last couple of weeks, as I've thought about what I wanted to talk about today, I've been fixated on the term 'choice' and the ways in which this phenomenon plays out in many of our African contexts. The very word, for me, immediately invokes questions which a conference such as this one provides the space for us to consider. First question: What are the realities of 'choice' in African settings and how do these realities shape sexualities, vulnerability, and the HIV/AIDS pandemic on the continent? I was browsing through the conference agenda and I noticed that a key slogan of this conference is the following empowering phrase: 'My Sexuality, My Choice, My Right' – and since the phrase is italicized, I read it with an emphasis on the word 'my.' Despite the liberating effect that these words undoubtedly have, in considering them, I was confronted by a series of questions: To what extent is choice an individualistic and linear phenomenon in African contexts? What do we gain by making the assumption that it is? What do we lose by addressing the possibility that it might not be? If we talk about 'choice' without considering how this concept is embedded in (and, thus, informed by) perceptions of 'culture', prescriptions by religion, economic realities, the realities of stigma and discrimination, and the legitimized censoring of sexual and reproductive health information, for instance, how much 'choice' are we really offering to prospective rights-holders? Are we merely holding forth an ephemeral concept? I'm convinced that, in many African settings, when we employ this term, we are rarely talking about a singular choice. More often than not, we're grappling with a multiplicity of choices and


Thispaperpresents general methodsof biological images processing. Thesetechniques areoriented tobetter imageinterpretation. Manybiological structures aredifficult torecognize inthepicture duetodeficient light conditions, particle aggregations orerroneous similarity to other objects. Wemadetheillustration ofthefunction and result offewmethods, adapted toimagerecognition and identification. Theresults ofimagepreprocessing are presented based onreal biological structure examples. Keywords -digital image processing, preprocessing methods, imagesegmentation, binarization, imageanalysis fractal dimension, biological structures.


A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of salinity stress on seeds germination and plants growth of Coriander (Coriandrum  sativum L.)by the selection method. For this purpose, four treatments of different concentrations of NaCl were used, namely,  0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ppm of NaCl. The following parameters of: seeds germination, roots number and length, plant strength, number of leaves, plant length, shoot tip necrosis, and the percentage of survivals were recorded. The Obtained results showed that all growth parameters were reduced by increasing the NaCl concentration except for the percentage of shoot tip necrosis which was increased with a significant difference among all treatments. Coriander plants were found to resist salinity up to the concentration of 3000 ppm NaCl only.


Acoustic sensors provide an effective means of monitoring biodiversity at large spatial and temporal scales. They can continuously and passively record large volumes of data over extended periods, however these data must be analysed to detect the presence of vocal species. Automated analysis of acoustic data for large numbers of species is complex and can be subject to high levels of false positive and false negative results. Manual analysis by experienced users can produce accurate results, however the time and effort required to process even small volumes of data can make manual analysis prohibitive. Our research examined the use of sampling methods to reduce the cost of analysing large volumes of acoustic sensor data, while retaining high levels of species detection accuracy. Utilising five days of manually analysed acoustic sensor data from four sites, we examined a range of sampling rates and methods including random, stratified and biologically informed. Our findings indicate that randomly selecting 120, one-minute samples from the three hours immediately following dawn provided the most effective sampling method. This method detected, on average 62% of total species after 120 one-minute samples were analysed, compared to 34% of total species from traditional point counts. Our results demonstrate that targeted sampling methods can provide an effective means for analysing large volumes of acoustic sensor data efficiently and accurately.


Abstract. Introduction. Budget expenditures play one of the most important roles in the development of the state and society. After all, they are the basis for providing economic, cultural, social, administrative and other programs, creating general conditions for the development of market, international relations and other important areas of activity. Purpose. The aim of the article is justification of the need to improve the state financial audit of the use of budget funds in the field of education. Results. The article substantiates the importance of budget expenditures in the field of education as an important tool in educating future citizens, obtaining new knowledge, developing human capital and influencing the effectiveness of the development of the national economy as a whole. The need for a state financial audit of the effectiveness of their use under the relevant budget programs has been revealed. The expediency of improving the existing approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of budget programs is indicated. An analysis of the results of the audit study of the effectiveness of implementation of budget programs for personnel training by professional (vocational and technical) education institutions and institutions of vocational pre-higher education was carried out. The factors that negatively affected the effectiveness of the use of budget funds and state property under the studied programs were analyzed. Conclusions. The assessment of the effectiveness of implementation of budget programs in the field of education should become one of the priority tasks in the activities of the state financial control bodies of Ukraine. At the same time, the war in Ukraine made adjustments to the activities of state financial control bodies, as well as to all spheres of activity. Currently, forced and necessary changes are being implemented regarding the implementation of state financial control measures, including state financial audit, which are necessary for the functioning of state bodies. Since the introduction of martial law, the State Audit Service of Ukraine has been carrying out state financial audits under the conditions of the actual functioning of control objects, services and information platforms, the possibility of ensuring the life and health of employees. In addition, conducting an audit in some regions of Ukraine is currently impossible. However, despite the difficult situation in Ukraine, the State Audit Service continues to perform its functions and carry out measures of state financial control, in particular, conducting a state financial audit of the implementation of budget programs in the field of education


GONADOTKOPHIC hormones stimulate gonadal growth, maturation and secretion. The simultaneous administration of certain substances modifies the action of gonadotrophins. These substances have been classified according to their mode of action, as (1) synergists and (2) augmentors. Synergists are themselves gonadotrophic substances which exert their modifying influence at the end-organ—the gonad. Synergism occurs whether the synergist is injected at the same site, or at a site distant from the gonadotrophin injection. It is exemplified by the increase in ovarian response which results from the simultaneous administration of chorionic gonadotrophin and pituitary gonadotrophin (Leonard, 1932). Augmentors exert their modifying influence by delaying absorption of gonadotrophins from the site of injection (Evans, Hines, Ceithaml and Koch, 1940). They are inert if injected at a site different than the gonadotrophin (Maxwell, 1934; Bischoff, 1945). They include such chemically diverse materials as whole blood (Casid...


A nonlinear finite element model with thermo-mechano-metallurgical coupling is proposed to simulate the quenching process. The model is divided into temperature field, stress field and microstructure distribution calculations, as well as their coupling calculations: thermal dilation, heat generation from plasticity work, transformation under varying temperature, transformation latent heat, stress induced transformation, transformation dilation, and transformation induced plasticity. Cylindrical tube work pieces made of steel 26Cr2Ni4MoV were simulated for different dimensions and processing schemes. The cooling curves and residue stress distributions calculated were in agreement with the experimental results. Numerical experiments show it is necessary to take the effects of stress induced transformation and transformation induced plasticity into account.


With the introduction of cervical screening programmes, and the policy of management of early premalignant squamous lesions of the cervix, pathologists are beginning to see more glandular lesions of the cervix. Some of these represent genuine neoplastic change, while others represent benign conditions such as tubo-endometrial metaplasia, microglandular hyperplasia, inflammatory glandular change, adenomatoid proliferation ('tunnel clusters') and mesonephric duct remnants'. Although tubo-endometrial metaplasia and adenomatoid hyperplasia, in particular, are most likely to lead to diagnostic confusion, their incidence has received only brief mention in the literature'. Recently Novotny et 01. alluded to the need for studies to evaluate the prevalence and physiological associations of these benign conditions in the cervix. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the prevalence of these findings in the uterine cervix and how best to differentiate them from glandular dysplasia.


The purpose of this article is twofold: first to introduce a multi attribute decision making model for radio frequency identification system consisting of four main criteria and five alternatives, and second to develop and solve the proposed fuzzy TOPSIS problem. Author presented an effective fuzzy multi-criteria method based upon the fuzzy model and the concepts of positive ideal and negative ideal solution points for solving problems with a group of multi decision makers. The fuzzy sets concepts are used to evaluate the performance of alternatives and the importance of criteria. The TOPSIS model used in this article is able to grasp the ambiguity exists in the utilized information and the fuzziness appears in the human judgments and preferences. TOPSIS technique can easily produce satisfactory results, and hence stimulates creativity and the invention for developing new methods and alternative approaches. This article is a very useful source of information both for radio frequency identification and multi attribute decision making using fuzzy TOPSIS methodology


This paper presents an analytical investigation of the thermal characteristics in a layer of exothermic powder mixture that is utilized in body warmers, hot compresses, thermotherapy, etc. The research objective is to predict the thermal characteristics and enable the exothermic temperature to be controlled in order to prevent cases of low-temperature burns. The exothermic powder mixture generally comprises metal powder, catalyst powder, and vermiculite particle absorbing some saline solution. The variation over time of the temperature distribution in a layer of the exothermic powder mixture is evaluated analytically using the empirical correlation for the reaction rate. In the analysis, the mass, momentum, energy and oxygen component equations are solved numerically for a layer of the exothermic powder mixture, which is regarded as a porous medium.


This paper introduces new dilated sufficient LMI conditions for the single channeled multiobjective static state feedback controller synthesis in linear continuous-time systems for which, optimality is defined in terms of H2 and H∞ performance criteria jointly applied to a single channel. These conditions provide sub-optimal synthesis procedures that have the advantage of keeping the controller parameters independent of the Lyapunov matrix and offering supplementary degrees of freedom. The proposed dilated LMI conditions always encompass the standard ones. It follows that much less conservatism is possible in comparison to the currently used standard LMI based multiobjective state feedback synthesis procedures. A numerical simulation is presented and the advantage of the proposed synthesis methods.


Naming the field of research initiated by S.A. Semenov has been a subject of debate, for the term « traceology », which he created, is often thought to be restrictive considering the current research stakes, which are not identified by their means but their goals. However Semenov's work shows the wide range of his research, from the most basic methodological aspects, to the human technical evolution process, revealed by the reading of use-wear and manufacturing traces. Using the term "functional analysis" does not account for the potential of traceology. If traceologists form a scientific community, it is because they acknowledge a common language: traces on archaeological artefacts. Thus documenting those traces is the first step to any demonstration. The validity of the proposed interpretation depends on the quality of this documentation. It then appears essential not to despise the technical basis of our work and to take special care in the quality of the published illustrations.


Over the past decade there has been much research and interest in COPD. As a result, the understanding and management of the disease has improved significantly. Yet, there are many uncertainties and controversies that require further work. This review discusses these controversies and anticipates some of the changes that may occur in the near future in the field of COPD.


An average model of the capacitive-loaded push-pull parallel-resonant DC-DC converter (CL-PPRC) was developed and applied to study the static and dynamic behavior of the CL-PPRC. The model is compatible to SPICE and can also be used to derive analytical expressions for the static and small signal dynamic responses. It was found that the dynamics of a CL-PPRC, operating in the continuous (input) inductor current mode, is similar to that of a boost converter operating in discontinuous mode.<<ETX>>


Under the new historical conditions, the morality building of teachers in colleges and universities becomes increasingly important. On the basis of analysis of teachers' basic moral connotation in colleges and universities, puts forward some concrete measures to solidify the building of teachers' morality.


We proposed a new formula for the $Z_2$ invariant for topological insulators, which remains valid without translational invariance. Our formula is a local expression, in the sense that the contributions mainly come from quantities near a point. Using almost commute matrices, we proposed a method to approximate this invariant with local information. The validity of the formula and the approximation method is proved.


With the development and popularity of computer network technology,the right protection of the citizen's cyber or intangible private space has become more and more prominent.On the other hand,the autonomy of private space as provided in the prevailing constitution refers only to the tangible assets — houses,leaving out the intangible private space — network.The citizen's autonomy of private space ought to be explicitly stipulated in the constitution,which should involve both tangible spaces like residence or communication and intangible space like network.To make consummate the citizen's autonomy of private space,we should enlarge the range of autonomy in Constitution,establish the open and progressive legislation pattern for basic rights,and make definite the legal contents of private space autonomy.


This paper proposes a method with encapsulating hardware description on ROS nodes for improving the productivity of robot development. To realize intellectual robots, we should satisfy constraints involving high performance, low power consumption, and high energy efficiency. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is well-known to satisfy the constraints. In conventional methods, to apply FPGA into software description of ordinary ROS system, we need to describe codes for performing the conversion process between the abstraction level of the ROS message level and the abstraction degree of the low FPGA level. Thus, the describing cost causes to the productivity problem. This proposal contributes to simplifying the describing part of FPGA in the conversion process. In this process, we provide a generating mechanism from C/C++ programs into circuits in High-Level Synthesis and integrating communication in the ROS protocol. To evaluate whether the method contributes to productivity, we compare a C/C++ program in the new method with a conventional description in HDL. As a result, the size of the new method was 127 lines, while the conventional was 860 liens. Therefore, we consider this method contributes to improving productivity.


The effective hydrodynamic radius is usually assumed to be a constant in testing the Stokes-Einstein relation by its variants. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations with ortho-terphenyl and Kob-Andersen model to examine the assumption and found the effective hydrodynamic radius is not a constant but decreases with decreasing temperature. The variant of Stokes-Einstein relation is not established but Stokes-Einstein relation is valid by considering the changes of the effective hydrodynamic radius. We propose the assumption should be seriously evaluated when using variants to test Stokes-Einstein relation.


Equity incentive is a two-edged sword. In this paper, a three party game model among shareholders, the manager and auditor is built to study the equity incentives negative effects. The results are: the probability of the manager and the auditors collusion to manipulate accounting information is negative connected with the shareholders punishment, and is positive connected with the monitoring cost. Shareholders should improve the technical ability and measures to punish the manager and auditor heavily when they collude to manipulate financial information; Shareholders and the regulatory agencies should give no chance to the manager and the auditor to obtain extra income from accounting information manipulation as much as possible.


Real time chromium and iron elemental analysis during a laser direct metal deposition process was carried out using optical emission spectroscopy. Mixtures of pure chromium powder and iron powder with different weight ratios were deposited onto a substrate by delivering the powder mixtures co-axially with a high power CO2 laser. Laser beam, powder, and substrate interaction zone was locally shielded by argon and helium inert gas to protect the process from oxidation. The laser induced plasma in both ultra violate region and visible region was monitored by a high speed spectrometer. Composition ratios of chromium and iron in the deposited structure are verified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and are related to the spectral line intensity ratios of the two elements. The calibration curve shows a linear relationship between the composition ratios and the line intensity ratios.Real time chromium and iron elemental analysis during a laser direct metal deposition process was carried out using optical emission spectroscopy. Mixtures of pure chromium powder and iron powder with different weight ratios were deposited onto a substrate by delivering the powder mixtures co-axially with a high power CO2 laser. Laser beam, powder, and substrate interaction zone was locally shielded by argon and helium inert gas to protect the process from oxidation. The laser induced plasma in both ultra violate region and visible region was monitored by a high speed spectrometer. Composition ratios of chromium and iron in the deposited structure are verified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and are related to the spectral line intensity ratios of the two elements. The calibration curve shows a linear relationship between the composition ratios and the line intensity ratios.


Slope instability studies seem to recognize and group a number of potential superficial slide-producing agents which might be directly detected and monitored from Earth Observation (EO) data. The attention of this work is focused on man's activity induced surface changes, such as deforestation, urban expansion, artificial structures construction. An historical set of fourteen multi-temporal optical Landsat TM images have been considered. The main objective of the work is to verify the advantages and limitations of conventional space-borne RS data to provide change maps on areas including unstable slopes. A supervised change detection technique is preferred to an unsupervised technique since the former can provide a change image containing useful information not only on the place were a transition occurred, but also on the specific classes involved in the transitions between two dates. The change image is used to extract class-conditional transition probabilities and evaluate class-specific trends of change. Four classes and their transitions have been considered in the analysis: (1) arboreous land, (2) agricultural land, (3) barren land, (4) artificial structures. The percentage values of the total number of changed pixels for each map pair is also correlated with known landslides events occurred in the considered period. A correlation value of 0.8 is obtained. This paper discusses the results obtained on a test site located in Regione Abruzzo, Southern Italy, affected by slope instability phenomena


Currently, Gas sensor technology has numerous potentialities for in site detection of malodors, particularly expanding an interest over clinical application, increasing the possibilities for diagnosis specific disease by analyzing disease specific volatile organic compounds present in Exhaled breath. Achieving a high performance in metal oxide based gas sensor array are exceedingly crucial and moreover found to be very challenges for researchers. But recent studies showed with the aim of performance of gas sensor can be enhanced towards specific gases by means of organic molecules functionalization over sensing material of sensor. So Herein, an array of four sensor made up of bilayer TiO2: ZnO Thin film was fabricated by spray pyrolysis method and later on functionalized them with different phthalocyanine organic molecules vary with functional groups and metal ion. These sensor array was tested in various concentration of different volatile organic compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, Triethylamine decane, ethanol and propanol, those are considering as novel gases remarkably found to be present quiet higher in amount in exhaled breath of liver disease patients. Results showed that the distinct character of each phthalocyanine organic molecules manipulate sensor response which are adequate headed for facilitate the discrimination of volatile organic compounds which is good enough to cover volatile organic compounds present in human breath. These outcomes may perhaps gain interest to further optimize and validate the gas sensor array for real time application towards early detection of liver disease as it is one of the most prevalent disease and the fifth most common causes of death in India


Nearly one-quarter of all Web users seek online medical information at least once per month, according to the 10th annual survey of Internet usage statistics conducted by Georgia Tech Research Corporation (www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey1998-10/). Nearly 15% do it weekly and almost 5% pull


The main drive of double housing planer needs to change rotating direction frequently and keep the speed stable under the condition of load increase and decrease suddenly.The variable frequency speed control system of the double housing planer by PLC controlled is described. The system has well operated in production site for more than half-year.


Question

Demographic rates are often modelled using small data sets over short time frames. Here, we use fully sampled populations as a basis for testing how the intensity of two different sampling approaches (individual random-tree and n-tree distance plots) can affect estimates of growth parameters and the timing of population development. How do sampling method and intensity affect estimates of early stages of population growth?

Location

North-central Wyoming, USA.

Methods

We used a data set in which every individual in each of four discrete ponderosa pine populations was mapped and aged. We calculated cumulative population growth and fitted it to a logistic regression model. Based on this model, we estimated population growth rate, first colonization, timing of population growth initiation, maximum growth rate and growth saturation. We conducted simulations for two sampling methods. First, individual trees were chosen at random, with different percentages of the full population being chosen. Second, we simulated n-tree distance plot sampling, where we changed the number of plots that were laid in each population. For each method and at each intensity, 10 000 simulation runs were performed. The simulation results were fitted to a logistic regression model. We then looked at the difference between the full and partially sampled population results to examine how lowering sampling intensity affected the results.

Results

Population growth rate was not significantly affected by sampling intensity except at low levels of sampling. However, first colonization and timing of population initiation were affected by sampling intensity. For both parameters, the individual random-tree method produced more accurate results than the n-distance method as sampling intensity decreased.

Conclusions

Accurate estimation of population growth parameters is critical for both ecological understanding and resource management. Results are encouraging in that they indicate that moderate levels of sampling will reliably estimate population growth parameters. However, our results are specific to ponderosa pine and may not apply to other species with different life-history characteristics. Our results also highlight the fact that population structure can play a major role in sampling accuracy and needs to be considered in choosing the appropriate method and intensity.


Professor Ian McIntyre was installed as the President of the British Dental Association at last year's 2003 National Annual Conference in Manchester. At this year's 2004 British Dental Association's Annual Conference in Bournemouth on May 6-8, 2004, he gave his valedictory address.


Abstract A simple protocol for the C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines with aryl Grignard reagents via diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) mediated oxidative C–H activation under metal-free conditions has been developed. The target compounds, including some naturally occurring alkaloids, were obtained in moderate to good yields.


The results ofaninvestigation ofthestatistical behavior of theobservational time lagtobreakdown inanovervolted sparkchamber arepresented asafunction ofpressure (upto1350tort ofnitrogen), electrode separation (1and2cm)andpercent overvoltage (upto2800 percent). Rogowski contoured, graphite, brass, andaluminum elec- trodes havebeeninvestigated. Automated diagnostic equipment has allowed thereduction oflarge amounts ofdata. Theresults indicate: 1) theshapes ofthedistributions arestrong functions ofpressure, 2)the electron emission rate associated with graphite isanorder ofmagnitude greater thanthatassociated withaluminum andbrass, 3)thecathode emission rate ismuchhigher thanthe"apparent" rate determined from asimple stochastic model, and4)theformative time(taken asthe minimum observed timelag) isanorder ofmagnitude greater than that predicted bythestreamer model ofbreakdown.


We propose FRT-2-Chord a DHT, based on FRT, a method for designing routing algorithms for overlays. Structured overlays including DHTs should consider following factors when constructing their overlay topology: the number of nodes, identifier distance, proximity, groups and the frequency of joins and leaves of nodes. Existing DHTs lack adaptability to those factors or focus on part of them though they are constantly changing and heavily depend on applications. FRT-2-Chord has further adaptability and achieves efficient routing with a variety of those factors. Proofs and experimental results show it.


Background: Cancer is an abnormal proliferation of cells in a tissue or organ that causes the cells to change their nature, eventually producing a lump or mass and spreading to other body regions in most cases. This study aims to evaluate the serum level of ACE, plasmin, renin, kallikrein, and bradykinin in breast cancer patients and determine their relationship to the proliferation of breast cancer. This study has investigated 90 women (75 patients and 15 controls) aged between (35-76) years. The patients were referred to three main facilities, Kirkuk Oncology Center, consultation of early detection of breast tumors in Azadi Teaching Hospital, and Kirkuk General Hospital from November 2021 to March 2022. The individuals of this study were divided into six groups: The first group was newly diagnosed patients with malignancy breast tumor n (15); the diagnosis was made by the consult of medical staff, which was based on a triple assessment technique (physical breast examination, ultrasonography, with or without mammography and fine-needle aspiration cytology). The second group was patients of surgical interference n (15), who submitted to local surgical removal of the suspected tumor in the breast (lumpectomy) or complete removal of the breast (mastectomy). The third group was who received the first chemotherapy dose n (15). The fourth group was those who received the second chemotherapy dose n (15). The fifth group was those who received the third chemotherapy dose n (15). The sixth group was healthy women with an adverse family history of breast cancer. They were included in this study as a control group, and their ages were comparable to that of the women with breast cancer. This study shows the mean of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was observed in breast cancer women (1.16±0.36U/L) as compared with the healthy control group (0.75±0.15U/L). The difference was highly significant at a P. value of 0.0004. The mean and standard deviation of angiotensin-converting enzyme, plasmin, renin, bradykinin, and kallikrein in women with breast cancer (before treatment, before mastectomy, after one dose, after 2 doses, and after doses) in comparison with healthy women. It was concluded that the levels of ACE, Plasmin, Kallikrein, and Bradykinin were significantly elevated in breast cancer women compared with healthy women, while decreased renin level compared with healthy control.

Keywords: ACE; Plasmin; bradykinin, renin, kallikrein.