As computing technology and multimedia become increasingly intertwined, there is growing evidence of a shift in the way users engage with multimedia. Computing technology is facilitating a transformationmedia consumers are becoming media producers. This democratization of creativity, which began with blogging, has now moved into the realm of visual multimedia. One of the major agents of this change is the programmable smart phone. Its portability allows for spontaneous, serendipitous and simple media capture in ways not previously possible. These mobile phones host a number of media capture devices along with their communications technologies, including still and video cameras. However, most of these are merely miniaturizations of traditional media capture devices, and thus prevent more sophisticated interactions. Leveraging the paradigms of context-aware computing, we can build systems that allow users to interact with media capture in entirely new and useful ways. We have designed a system called Scheherazade that facilitates context-aware capture of video via mobile phones. This system also allows for these video clips to be combined with clips provided by other users, creating collaborative video narratives. We conducted a user study using this system, to determine the usefulness of different types of context. In performing this analysis, we have discovered contextual information that is gathered through user interaction and contextual information gathered automatically are not equally useful when engaging with video captured on smart phones. We discuss design considerations for utilizing manual or automatic context and directions for future work in this area. The research presented here is an initial exploration into how contextawareness can enhance media capture and sharing on mobile devices.


Estimation of time varying downlink channel for Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems in the high-mobility environment is a challenging task. In literature, the state-of-the-art techniques used for LTE channel estimation are extended Kalman filter (EKF), 2D interpolation using least square (2DILS), etc. Channel estimation has been performed by inserting pilot symbols in the frame. For fast time varying channels, Kalman filter based channel estimation is a fast and less complex technique compared to other conventional filters. The time correlation is modeled as a first order auto-regressive (AR) random process. Linearization of the state transition function is carried out using Taylor approximation. However, the higher bit error rate in fast fading channels discourages the use of aforementioned channel estimation techniques. This paper proposes a modified extended Kalman filter (MEKF) for joint estimation of the channel response and AR model coefficients. The bit error vs SNR performance of the proposed estimation technique has been demonstrated for different fast time varying LTE channels such as pedestrian user, vehicular user at different velocities such as 50 km/h and 70 km/h. The simulation results show that the proposed MEKF based approach leads to lower bit error rate than its two state-of-the-art counterparts based on EKF and 2DILS.


A numerical study for investigating the secondary flow configuration in square straight channel with hydraulic diameter of 0.02m and heat transfer enhancement of water and three different types of nanofluids (Al2O3, TiO2 and CuO) in water as base fluid under constant heat flux in upper and lower walls. The study conducted at steady state, turbulent forced convection and three-dimensional flows. Certain boundary conditions and assumptions to solve the governing equations were implemented with using finite volume method. CFD software's involving GAMBIT and FLUENT were employed to perform the investigation numerically in the range of Reynolds number 104-106. The results show that by increasing Reynolds number the secondary flow increase as well as shear stress is increased, the boundary layers decrease and increase the gradient velocity near a wall. As the volume concentration increases, the wall shear stress and heat transfer rates increase. The three types of nanofluids achieved higher Nusselt number while the friction factor of all of them was seen at similar values. Nanofluid with CuO, nanoparticle achieved the highest Nusselt number followed by TiO2 and Al2O3, respectively while the pure water came last in considered range of Reynolds number. The Nusselt number CuO-water increased with the increase of volume fraction and with the increase of Reynolds number. Reynolds number caused to enhance Nusselt number for all cases. The local Nusselt number for CuO-water increased with increase of Reynolds number.


graft recipients with normal renal function and can Background. Exaggerated erythropoietin (EPO) resresult in serious thromboembolic complications [1]. In ponse to phlebotomy regardless of the baseline EPO contrast to the well-known clinical features of postlevels have been shown in patients with post-transplant transplant erythrocytosis (PTE), the pathogenesis is erythrocytosis (PTE) and administration of angiostill vague. Although some authors suggested that it is tensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I ) seems to due to elevated serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels of be effective in controlling PTE. However, the mechaneither native kidney or allograft origin [2–5], PTE can ism of this ACE-I induced reduction in haematocrit occur with low or undetectable levels of serum EPO (Hct) is not well known. Although some authors have [6,7]. Although baseline plasma EPO levels are highly suggested that ACE-I may reduce EPO secretion, this variable, exaggerated EPO response to phlebotomy, is still controversial. The aim of the present study was regardless of the baseline EPO levels have been shown to assess the effect of a single dose ACE-I on exaggerin patients with PTE [8]. ated EPO response to phlebotomy. PTE was originally treated with repeated phlebotMethods. In this study, we compared serum EPO and omy, later it was found that medical treatment with renin (PRA) levels of 10 PTE patients, 10 non-PTE angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I ) also patients and 10 healthy blood donors before and after had a beneficial effect [9]. Although its mechanism(s) phlebotomy. The effects of a single dose of ACE-I of action are not completely known, it has been (enalapril, 5 mg p.o.) in PTE patients were also evalusuggested that this effect of ACE-I could be related to ated in the second phlebotomy. the known property of angiotensin II to stimulate EPO Results. While the mean basal serum EPO level was production, so that, conceivably, ACE-I would depress significantly higher in the PTE group than the other EPO release [10,11]. On the other hand, effective two groups (P<0.01), the mean basal PRA levels did therapy of PTE with ACE-I has not been accompanied not differ significantly between these groups. Serum by a decline in serum EPO levels in some patients, EPO and PRA levels increased significantly after the while ACE-I also effectively reduced haematocrit (Hct) phlebotomy (P<0.001) and exaggerated EPO response levels in PTE patients with undetectable EPO levels as to phlebotomy was suppressed by single dose enalapril in those with higher levels, suggesting that ACE-I may (P<0.001) in the PTE patients. Conclusion. The present study has shown that the reduce Hct levels by other than through reduction of renin–angiotensin system plays an important role in serum EPO mechanisms [12,13]. EPO formation and the Hct lowering effect of the Most published studies have shown that serum EPO ACE-I is through reduction of EPO in PTE patients. levels and the relationship between ACE-I and serum EPO levels were highly variable in patients with PTE.


A 49-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed a motor polyneuropathy and nystagmus after 5 months' treatment with chloroquine phosphate. The peripheral neuropathy resolved after the chloroquine was discontinued.


Indonesia has a huge number of renewable energy sources (RE) however; the utilization of these is currently very low. The main challenge of power production is its alignment with consumption levels; supply should equal demand at all times. There is a strong initiative from corporations with high energy demand, compared to other sectors, to apply a renewable portfolio standard for their energy input, e.g. 15% of their energy consumption requirement must come from a renewable energy source. To support this initiative, the utilization of power wheeling will help large factories on industrial estates to source firm and steady renewables from remote sites. The wheeling renewable via PLN's transmission line has been regulated under the Ministry Decree in 2015 however; the tariff or toll fee has not yet been defined. The potential project to apply wheeling renewable will obtain power supply from a geothermal power plant, with power demand from the scattered factories under one company. This is the concept driving the application of power wheeling in the effort to push the growth of renewable energy in Indonesia. Given that the capacity of PLN's transmission line are normally large and less congested compared to distribution line, the wheeling renewable can accommodate the scattered factories locations which then results in the cheaper toll fee of the wheeling renewable. Defining the best toll fee is the main topic of this paper with comparison of the toll fee of the gas pipeline infrastructure in Indonesia, so that it can be applied massively to achieve COP21's commitment.


North American Indians have their long and unique ecological culture, many of eco-related traditional features are reflected in Animal Dreams, seven Eco-related traditions of North American Indians discussed in this paper are all related to the issue of environmental protection and hopefully invoke the reflection on present ecology.


Abstract 1. The house fly shows landing reaction to an expanding visual stimulus or to a decrement of the environmental light level. The quantitative relationship between the dependence of landing reaction on expansion and on light level decrement is analyzed. 2. The different properties of the reactions at different light levels may be correlated with the two visual systems in Diptera and may be explained by the existence of an alterting mechanism that weighs stimuli for landing reaction at low illumination levels. 3. The landing reaction resembles the optomotor reaction with respect to the influence of the contrast of the stimulating pattern. The landing reaction appears to be invariant to the phase relations between the spatial components of the periodic patterns used in the present experiments. Introduction


The early detection of dementia is crucial in independent life style of elderly people. Main intention of this study is to propose device-free non-privacy invasive Deep Convolutional Neural Network classifier (DCNN) for Martino-Saltzman's (MS) travel patterns of elderly people living alone using open dataset collected by binary (passive infrared) sensors. Travel patterns are classified as direct, pacing, lapping, or random according to MS model. MS travel pattern is highly related with person's cognitive state, thus can be used to detect early stage of dementia. The dataset was collected by monitoring a cognitively normal elderly resident by wireless passive infrared sensors for 21 months. First, over 70000 travel episodes are extracted from the dataset and classified by MS travel pattern classifier algorithm for the ground truth. Later, 12000 episodes (3000 for each pattern) were randomly selected from the total episodes to compose training and testing dataset. Finally, DCNN performance was compared with three other classical machine-learning classifiers. The Random Forest and DCNN yielded the best classification accuracies of 94.48% and 97.84%, respectively. Thus, the proposed DCNN classifier can be used to infer dementia through travel pattern matching.


ABSTRACT Background: To inform public health suicide prevention and mental health promotion campaigns, this study will carry out gender-specific analyses to ascertain the determinants of suicidal ideation or death thoughts in a large representative sample of community dwelling older adults. Methods: Data used in this study were from the ESA survey (Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés – Survey on the Health of the Elderly) on a large representative sample of community dwelling older adults (n = 2,494). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between suicidal ideation, mental health service, and antidepressant use and a number of clinical and socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation reached 6.3%. The findings of this study show that the presence of suicidal ideation in females is associated with younger age, single or widowed status, the reporting of daily life stressors, and chronic conditions as well as the presence of major or minor depression in the past year. In males, suicidal ideation is associated with older age, single or widowed status, and depression. Furthermore, suicidal ideation is significantly associated with antidepressant use in females but not males and this after controlling for a number of clinical factors. Conclusion: Although no gender differences are observed between suicidal ideation and mental health service use, females with suicidal ideation are more likely to be dispensed antidepressants than males with suicidal ideation. Future research should focus on gender-specific determinants of antidepressant and mental health service use associated with suicidal ideation.


Pipeline steel in soil containing water could induce a macro tensile stress, leading to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Anisotropic corrosion-induced stress of Fe single crystal is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) in this paper. The surface perpendicular to the z direction is subjected to the corrosion, and the process of corrosion along three crystallographic directions is simulated using MD approach. When the surface with one specific orientation is corroded, two cases are considered: one is that the periodic boundary condition is applied along the x direction, while free boundary condition along the y direction; and the other is that the periodic boundary condition along the y direction, while free boundary condition along the x direction. The results show that both the deflection of the free end and the macro tensile stress of the crystal for the corrosion in three crystallographic orientations are increasing with the increase of the relative depth of the porous layer. The values of the deflection and the macro tensile stress for the two cases depend on the orientation with the free boundary condition when the surface with one specific orientation is corroded. Moreover, the smaller the interplanar spacing along the orientation with the free boundary condition is, the larger the deflection and the macro tensile stress are.


Vocal techniques in classical and jazz have much in common; however, even experienced vocalists need to learn the aspects of jazz singing that make it unique. This chapter aims to dispel the myth that jazz singing is completely different from classical singing while pointing out the subtle differences between them. Similarly, aspiring jazz singers need to study all the things that instrumental jazz musicians do and then incorporate words. Topics covered in this chapter include (a) teaching the differences in timbre and vibrato that create the unique jazz vocal sound; (b) centering jazz vocal intonation; (c) avoiding some of the most common pitfalls of jazz diction; and (d) a progressive discussion of types of vocal improvisation, from strategic variation in rhythms and melodies to scat singing. The chapter concludes with a list of important classic jazz standards that have lyrics, including suggestions for teaching those standards according to age and experience.


This paper considers anM/M/1/1 queueing-inventory system with retrial of unsatisfied customers. Arrivals taking place when server is busy, proceed to an orbit of infinite capacity. From the orbit, the head of the queue alone retires to access the server. Failed attempts to access an idle server with positive inventory results in the retrial customer returning to orbit. The inter-retrial times are independent identically distributed exponential random variables with parameter θ, irrespective of the number of customers in the orbit. Primary customers, who encounter an idle server without stock at its arrival epoch, leave the system for ever. We compute the condition for stability and then employ algorithmic approach for the computation of the system steady-state probability. We derive the expected waiting time of a customer in the orbit; distribution of the time until the first customer goes to orbit and also the probability of no customer going to orbit in a given interval of time. An optimization problem is investigated numerically. AMS Subject Classification: 60J10, 60F05, 60K20, 60K25, 90B22, 90B05


We propose a design method for orthogonal modulated filter banks that can be used for an arbitrarily high number of subbands. A function, named prototype, defined over a real interval and being orthogonal by construction, is optimized according to an energy criterion. By a uniform sampling, depending upon the number of subbands, we get afterwards perfectly orthogonal prototype filters, the quality of which is illustated by design examples.


For the family of parametrized Thue equations (X + aY )(X d2Y ) (X dn 1Y )(X aY ) Y n = 1; where n 4;di distinct integers satisfying P di 6 0 or Q di 6 0; all solutions are determined for suciently large values of the integral parameter a using bounds on linear forms in logarithms.


Shengli Oilfield Offshore Oil Production Plant has laid out lots of jacket production platforms on the sea.Among these,about 59 platforms will reach their designed life till 2013.The difficulties in life-extension management of the jacket production platforms in shallow sea area were expounded in the paper.From the view of offshore production enterprises,it proposed the risk based systematic solution.Also,the management framework of jacket platform life-extension and follow-up work have been proposed by referring to the mechanical integrity method.


The influence of gibberellic acid on the growth of spearmint and on the production of the volatile oil has been studied. Spearmint plants treated once throughout their growth period with foliar sprays of gibberellic acid in a concentration of 50 p. p. m. displayed a 258 per cent increase in linear growth. The experimental plants developed a very thick, wood-like stem which had an extended xylem region and missing ribs. An increase in dry matter and a decrease in water content of the tissues were found. Gibberellic acid treatment decreased percentagewise the amount of volatile oil but did not alter its carvone content. The oil met all N. F. standards. A decrease in total chlorophyll content was found.


To evaluate alternate methods of collecting stakeholder information an identical survey concerning one of the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife's hunting programs was posted on the Division's web page and distributed as a postpaid mail questionnaire at hunter access points. Internet/web page survey respondents, when compared to the postpaid access point intercept respondents, provided significantly different responses to 66% (χ2α .10) of the questions. The percentages of significantly different responses for attribute, attitude, belief, and behavioral questions, when comparing the two different survey methodologies, were 75%, 54%, 80%, and 67%, respectively (χ2α10). However, measures of effect size for most of the significantly different questions were relatively small and may indicate little practical significance of these differences. The Internet/web page–based survey had various advantages over the postpaid access point intercept survey, which may mitigate certain drawbacks with this survey methodology.


The economic condition of California's State Universities is currently under great strain due to the $24 billion budget deficit resting on California's shoulders. Relie) from these financial pressures has resulted in drastic cutbacks in higher education, totaling almost $600 million by next year for four-year institutions alone. CSUCI faces these drastic cutbacks with mock optimism, and can only hope for a reverse of the state's economic crisis. In a one-on-one interview with President Richard Rush I was able to learn more of our university's current economic position and what is being done to assure a prosperous future.


This paper aims to discuss the importance of mediation in settlement of a dispute, especially regarding family conflicts. One of the goals is to discuss the viability of implementing, in our country, the so called "culture of peace".The main purpose of this paper is to write about co-mediation, when two mediators work together, being from different backgrounds (lawyers, psychologists, pedagogues) with life experiences of all kinds, men and women, meaning the richest and the most successful way of solving conflicts, especially because of the exchanging of experiences during the process. It also wishes to discuss the need of training professionals to work as mediators; the principal skills they need to have; the roll they have to play as neutral facilitators and to guide the parties to reach an agreement. The conclusion is that mediation should be taught at school, as a subject or extra activity during classes, as peace-building toolbox.


The following from the LondonLancet(Feb. 18, 1899, p. 489) is here presented as an example of unfortunate medical timidity and of how a thing ought not to be done. To the Editors of the Lancet, Sirs: —Within a few weeks I have had under my care a case of carcinoma uteri extending to the bladder and adjacent parts. The pain accompanying the disease in its later stages was severe and only controlled by strong suppositories of morphia, and the patient's death struggle was an awful and most pitiable experience, lasting certainly three or four days. I tried liquor opii sedativus 10 minims every two hours, but only two or three doses could be swallowed. I seek in this letter information from my confreres on the treatment one should adopt in such cases—e.g., would it be justifiable to use morphia hypodermically? or to what extent would the inhalation of


Research on assisted living facilities (ALFs) has demonstrated that their residents overlap considerably with those receiving long-term care in nursing homes (NHs) in terms of their ages, cognitive status, chronic medical illnesses, disability, and care needs. Based on these findings, studies conducted specifically in these facilities and lessons learned from research and experience in NHs should inform policies and practice in ALFs. Two articles in this issue of the Journal demonstrate high levels of dementia, other psychiatric disorders, and behavioral disturbance in ALFs, similar to the rates reported for NHs. Together, the articles provide compelling evidence that mental health (MH) care is an important component of the services that should be provided in these facilities, but interpreting and applying their findings requires integrating them with knowledge about the care of NH residents with these conditions. The article by Rosenblatt et al. reports findings from the Maryland Assisted Living Study, a National Institute of Mental Health–supported study based on structured clinical interviews of a representative sample of residents, families, and staff from a stratified sample of small and large ALFs in central Maryland. It reports that approximately two-thirds of the residents had a diagnosable dementia, and 70% of these had clinically significant psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, more than one-quarter of the residents had another diagnosable psychiatric disorder. Approximately 70% of the residents had depression; 13% had an anxiety disorder, and 12% had a psychosis. Altogether, 80% of the residents had dementia or an active psychiatric disorder. The article proposes a broad view of what constitutes appropriate treatment for dementia, stating, ''Treatment did not necessarily imply pharmacological or medical treatment. For example a participant with Alzheimer's disease, whose condition was recognized by the facility staff, who was receiving appropriate supervision, and who had a behavioral plan in place to prevent falls or other accidents, might have been regarded as fully treated for dementia.'' They do not discuss activities or sensitivity to cognitive impairment in the manner in which moment-to-moment or day-to-day care is provided as components of treatment. Nevertheless, using this approach, they judged that approximately 50% of residents with dementia were receiving complete treatment. The article by Gruber-Baldini et al. reports on the Collaborative Studies of Long-term Care, a National Institute on Aging–supported study that obtained caregiver reports of behavioral symptoms in a random sample of residents from ALFs in Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, and North Carolina. It reported that approximately 50% of residents had dementia or cognitive impairment, 14% had depression, and 13% had a psychosis. Altogether, two-thirds had dementia, depression, psychosis, or another psychiatric disorder. The major findings were that approximately onethird of the residents exhibited a behavioral symptom at least once during the 2 weeks before the assessment. Twelve percent of the sample exhibited aggression, with the most common symptoms in this category being cursing and verbal aggression; 22% exhibited verbal behavioral symptoms, with the most common symptoms being constant requests for attention or help; 21% exhibited physical nonaggressive behavioral symptoms, with the most common being pacing, aimless wandering, and trying to get to a different place; and 12% of residents were reported to exhibit resistance to care. They found that behavioral symptoms were more frequent in residents with cognitive impairment, depression, psychosis, and other psychiatric disorders; those taking psychotropic medications; and those with functional impairment. Fifty-three percent of residents were taking a psychotropic medication, 21% were taking neuroleptics, 33% were taking antidepressants, and 24% were taking anxiolytics or hypnotics. Fifty-nine percent of residents taking psychotropic medications did not have current behavioral symptoms; according to the authors, this could represent either appropriate care or inappropriately high medication use. Thirty-six percent of those with behavioral symptoms were not receiving medication; again, according to the authors, this might represent insufficient assessment and treatment. In their discussion, the authors borrow from the recent consensus recommendations from the American Geriatrics Society and the American Association of Geriatric Psychiatry on Improving the Quality of Mental Health in U.S. NHs to recommend interdisciplinary assessment and treatment of behavioral symptoms and greater use of nonpharmacological interventions. The recommendation for nonpharmacological approaches includes the parenthetical qualification ''especially if medications are not effective.'' The two articles together provide compelling evidence that MH care is a necessary part of assisted living. In this, they extend previous findings on the similarity of ALF and NH residents. The implication must be that dementia and other psychiatric disorders are common causes, components, complications, or comorbidities of the disabilities that make long-term care necessary, regardless of whether services are delivered in ALFs, NHs, or other settings. The


Without entering further into the discussion of priority, beyond stating that Mr. Ashmead is wrong in the points(1), that my original communication was read after the publication of his synoptical table, (it was read two days before the receipt of the number of Entomologica Americana, in which the table was published), and (2), that his full description was published before mine; (mine was published nine days before the receipt of the Kansas bulletin).


In this article, I aim to conduct a comparative analysis of the deceased's arm positions (taking gender and age specifications into account) and define their distinct features. The burials examined are located in the Dormition Cathedral of St. Sophia, Tobolsk, and dated to the 17th century. The relevance of this study relies on examining one of the most important elements of the Orthodox funeral rites, the deceased's arm position, while simultaneously regarding age and gender specifications of funeral rites. The earlier studies researched these subjects separately. In order to define the region-specific features of the arm position variations, the frequency of their occurrences is also compared against the published data regarding other Christian burial sites in Northwest Russia, the Cis-Ural region, and Western Siberia, dated to the 16th-19th centuries. The research material comes from the excavations conducted by A. Adamov in 2005 at the cemetery grounds overlapped by the Dormition Cathedral of St. Sophia, Tobolsk (1683-1686). For the analysis, I selected 38 burials located in the western part of the cathedral grounds and outside them, under the parvis foundation. The skeletons' good preservation with the original position of bones intact enabled me to select such a number of burials for the analysis. All the burials analyzed had age and gender specifications. In order to organize different arm position variations into groups, I opted for a vertical division of the human body as per the principles of topographical anatomy. Three arm position groups were distinguished: arms on the abdomen or below the chest, arms crossed on the chest at the heart area, and a mixed position (the abdomen - the middle/upper part of the chest, the shoulder). By conducting a comparative age and gender analysis of arm positions discovered at the Dormition Cathedral's cemetery, I found that arms positioned on the abdomen and parallel to each other was the typical position for children. Arm positions among adults offered more variety. I should note that the position with arms crossed on the chest was typical for some of the male burials but did not occur in female burials. The positions from the other two groups occurred with similar frequency for both genders, taking into account the 2:1 male to female burial ratio in this cemetery. The comparison of arm position groups and variations in the burials at the Dormition Cemetery against the data from other burial sites dated to roughly the same time period and located in Northwest Russia, the Cis-Ural region, and Western Siberia, did not enable me to define any distinct region-specific features. In general, the frequency of the occurring arm position variations fluctuates considerably in different regions. It is evident that the positions with arms across the abdomen, below the waist, and on the chest are by far the most common ones. The mixed position occurs the least often.


The use of diamond photocathodes and electron flow amplifiers in high-frequency vacuum micro and nanoelectronics is analyzed. The main devices are a vacuum microtriode and an electron gun for an integral traveling wave tube.


Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. The Theory of Critical Distances: Basics Chapter 3. The Theory of Critical Distances in Detail Chapter 4. Other Theories of Fracture Chapter 5. Ceramics Chapter 6. Polymers Chapter 7. Metals Chapter 8. Composites Chapter 9. Fatigue Chapter 10. Contact Problems Chapter 11. Multiaxial Loading Chapter 12. Case Studies and Practical Aspects Chapter 13. Theoretical Studies


Purpose. Educating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important part of successful treatment. Identifying disease-related characteristics of DM will enable health-care providers to better select patients for compensatory intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics related to glycemic control in patients with type 2DM. Methods Data were collected from questionnaires administered at our out-patient clinic from April to May 2001. Patients included in this study had to be over 30 years of age and were required to undergo a minimum follow-up period of 6 months at our out-patient clinic. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(subscript 1c)) value obtained from 2 months preceding the study visit to 1 month afterward was used as measurement of short-term glycemic control (HbA(subscript 1c)-S). The mean HbA(subscript 1c) value and at least one other HhA(subscript 1c) value obtained 3 months from the HbA(subscript 1c)-S in the year preceding the visit was used as measurement of long-term glycemic control (HbA(subscript 1c)-L). Results. Of the 1081 questionnaires collected, 136 were eliminated because of incomplete data, resulting in a final study population of 945. long duration of DM, illiteracy, either insulin therapy alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents, and self-monitoring of blood glucose were significant factors (p<0.05) related to inferior short-term glycemic control (R^2=12.96%). Significant factors related to poor long-term glycemic control included the duration of DM, illiteracy, either insulin therapy alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and lack of exercise (R^2=15.51%). Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients with a long duration of DM and who are illiterate need more intensive intervention. Oral hypoglycemic agents are more appropriate than insulin.


Interactive public displays are now pervasive; however, designing gestures to interact with them is still a challenge for embodied interaction. We introduce a methodology, based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Elicitation Studies, that can inform the work of interaction designers when they craft gestures that "make sense" to their users. Our approach is structured in three phases: elicitation, analysis, and design. Through the use case of an interactive video player, we describe how we collected data from participants in an elicitation study, how we extracted the embodied schemata that users associated with each video function, and how an interaction designer can use those schemata to design multiple gestures. We then present the results of a survey that show that the gestures generated with embodied schemata made more sense to people than those crafted without using embodied schemata.


The vast majority of parallel transmission RF pulse designs so far are based on small‐tip‐angle (STA) approximation of the Bloch equation. These methods can design only excitation pulses with small flip angles (e.g., 30°). The linear class large‐tip‐angle (LCLTA) method is able to design large‐tip‐angle parallel transmission pulses through concatenating a sequence of small‐excitation pulses when certain k‐space trajectories are used. However, both STA and LCLTA are linear approximations of the nonlinear Bloch equation. Therefore, distortions from the ideal magnetization profiles due to the higher order terms can appear in the final magnetization profiles. This issue is addressed in this work by formulating the multidimensional multichannel RF pulse design as an optimal control problem with multiple controls based directly on the Bloch equation. Necessary conditions for the optimal solution are derived and a first‐order gradient optimization algorithm is used to iteratively solve the optimal control problem, where an existing pulse is used as an initial "guess." A systematic design procedure is also presented. Bloch simulation and phantom experimental results using various parallel transmission pulses (excitation, inversion, and refocusing) are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the optimal control method in improving the spatial localization or homogeneity of the magnetization profiles. Magn Reson Med 59:547–560, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Karyotype morphology of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus and P. scandens is described and the behaviour of chromosomes at meiosis discussed. Both species have a chromosome number of 2n = 18 and similar karyotypes of a sort unusual within the Phaseolinae. Differences between the species in detailed morphology of the chromosomes agree with data from external morphology, palynology and crossability in indicating that P. scandens cannot be the immediate wild ancestor of domesticated P. tetragonolobus. Study of meiotic chromosomes and analysis of qualitative and quantitative variation in Papua New Guinean P. tetragonolobus suggest that there are few restrictions to recombination other than those imposed by predominant self-pollination, The bearing of these data on the taxonomic relationships of Psophocarpus and on chromosomal evolution within the Phaseolinae is discussed.


E-services usually span multiple organizations and evolve in time-domain due to the changes in the environment pertaining to each organization. Enacting composite e-services over evolving inter-organizational business processes is a challenging task. In this paper, we highlight modeling of business processes for e-services and present enactment of the e-services with the help of meta models in order to cope with the changing needs. We also describe high-level framework to enact e-services through actionable meta models.


Entanglement distribution between distant nodes is a critical requirement for the realization of quantum networks. Recently, entanglement between distant atomic qubits has been demonstrated experimentally [1]. This scheme uses the projective measurement of the photons emitted by the two distant atoms to entangle them. Another strategy is to generate entangled photon pairs by a parametric down-conversion process, and make them interact with the distant atoms, transferring the entanglement from photon to atomic qubits [2, 3]. Here we describe our activities towards studying this second kind of entanglement distribution scheme.


Most of the recent contributions analysing the regional disparities in growth have stressed on the convergence equation which derived from the traditional neoclassic model of Solow (1956). However, this type of approach presents the main drawback that is the lack of consideration for increasing returns to scale, which are at the origin of endogenous growth and new economy geography models. In that purpose, we find more appropriate to use Fingleton's (2001) model. We develop a spatial model to endogenously detect the presence of spatial externalities and to estimate their effect on regional growth. We extend this specification to a panel of 26 euro Mediterranean countries over the period 1995-2004. Results of estimation with recent tools of spatial econometrics permit to detect the presence of increasing returns to scale. In addition, we conclude that the external effects are geographically burned and they are associated to a substantive phenomenon meaning that the growth in a country depends on the growth in neighbouring countries via pecuniary and technological externalities. These results are related to the predictions of endogenous growth theory and new economy geography model.


In Reply: We thank Pindrik et al for their interest in our study. Although we appreciate their comments regarding injury severity, it appears that they are confused regarding the major point of our article. We do not dispute that the extent of nerve injury in any specific case of neonatal brachial plexus palsy may not be determined until several months after delivery or perhaps until the time of exploratory surgery. In our series, we selected the requirement for neonatal intensive care unit admission to ensure objectively diagnosed cases of neonatal brachial plexus injury, and demonstrated that such injury occurred in the absence of shoulder dystocia. Focusing on the semantics of "severe" compared with some other definition for nerve injury needlessly diverts attention from the fact that the neonatal brachial plexus injury occurred unrelated to traction. In fact, the neurological literature itself corroborates that "expulsive forces generated by the uterus and the abdominal wall.may be contributory in many cases" of neonatal brachial plexus injury. Pindrik et al further opines that our conclusion "that an event did not occur based on absent documentation lacks scientific corroboration." We disagree and submit that their assertion is, in and of itself, purely speculative and scientifically unfounded. Furthermore, they erroneously infer that obstetricians, midwives, and nurses collectively are somehow unable to recognize and document the use of maneuvers such as McRobert's and suprapubic pressure during a vaginal delivery. We thank Kreitzer for his interest in our study. As with Pindrik et al, he expressed concerns regarding the definition of "severe" neonatal brachial plexus palsy. He, too, has missed the point. Dr. Kreitzer equates "severe neonatal brachial plexus injury" with permanent injury, whereas, in our study, we used "severe neonatal brachial plexus injury" to identify newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due solely to brachial plexus palsy. In either case, the major conclusions of our article remain unchanged. In our study, we defined shoulder dystocia as the use of obstetric maneuvers in addition to gentle downward traction. This is a standard and well-accepted definition. Kreitzer proposes that shoulder dystocia be diagnosed "before traction is applied" to reduce the occurrence of neonatal brachial plexus injury, and cites a non–peer-reviewed book chapter to support this absurd proposition. We are not sure how shoulder dystocia can possibly be diagnosed before downward traction is applied and noted to be insufficient to accomplish delivery of the anterior shoulder. Finally, Kreitzer essentially opines that all neonatal brachial plexus injury cases are due to physician-applied traction. Such an opinion is antediluvian, to say the least, and contrary to comprehensive peer-reviewed literature (including our current study), which demonstrates unequivocally alternative mechanisms for causation.


This paper analyzes the"Four Cost"ways of Milton Friedman,and the problems which exist in the process of the"Nutrition Lunch Plane"in China. The result is that the"cost way"of"Nutrition Lunch Plane"belongs to the third and forth way in the"Four Cost"ways of Milton Friedman. In the practice,both the two ways are not the ideal"cost ways". They cannot bring the maximum of the efficiency and save. The problems existing in the process of the"Nutrition Lunch Plane"can be inferred by the"cost way"it belongs to. At last,this paper gives the advance to improve the implementation of the"Nutrition Lunch Plane".


In the literature, comparisons between absolute levels of productivity in different industries occur frequently. This paper explores the meaning and possible significance of such measures. Prices must be used to permit the required comparison of the outputs of different industries. It is shown that base-year weights produce a valid measure of productivity growth but not of absolute productivity level. Current price weights do yield a valid index of absolute productivity but one that tends to be equal for all industries because of the general equilibrium mechanism that reallocates resources from low-productivity to high-productivity industries.


Since electrical traction was introduced into rail traffic, it has always been the goal to convert the kinetic energy of the vehicles during braking into electrical energy and to feed that back into the railway electrical system. However, the great expense required for the vehicles, the lack of means for fast control and the small regenerative effect achievable heretofore have rendered difficult or have completely impeded the introduction of the regenerative brake on a wide basis. It is only recently that power electronics, with which any energy flow can be controlled and regulated arbitrarily by means of thyristors, has opened new possibilities for electrical regenerative braking in dc traction vehicles. This relates not only to the vehicle equipment but also to the power supply systems of the contact-line electrical systems. Thus, if new analyses are to be made of regenerative braking of electrical traction vehicles, then, besides the vehicle facilities, it is also necessary to investigate the problems of transmission and reuse of the fed-back energy. (ERA citation 02:032783)


To describe the prevalence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and subtypes diagnosed prior to delivery in a nationwide population of pregnant women, and to estimate how SpA was associated with adverse pregnancy‐related outcomes.


Abstract 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) biosynthesis from renewable resources is of increasing interest because of global energy and environmental problems. We have previously demonstrated the production of BDO from erythritol by whole-cell catalysis. Here, the effects of several variables on BDO production were investigated, including cell density, temperature, substrate concentration and pH. It was found that the maximum BDO production was obtained at cell density (OD600) of 30. Low temperature and weak alkaline environment were beneficial for the biotransformation. Regarding substrate concentration, 80 g/L of erythritol was found to be optimum for the bioconversion. Under the optimal conditions, the highest concentration of BDO reached 34.5 mg/L, resulting in 5.8-fold increment after optimization. These results will provide useful guidance for enhancing the bioconversion of erythritol to BDO.


General circulation models (GCMs) forecast higher global vapor pressure deficit (VPD) but unchanged global relative humidity (RH) in future climates. A literature survey revealed that 50% of Earth system models and land surface models embedded within GCMs employ RH as an atmospheric aridity index when describing stomatal conductance (gs), whereas the remaining 50% employ VPD. The consequences of using RH or VPD in gs models for water cycling and vegetation productivity in future climates on large spatial and temporal scales remain to be explored. Process‐based global dynamic vegetation model runs, changes in the hydrological cycle, and concomitant vegetation productivity for the 21st century projected climate were conducted by altering only gs responses to VPD or RH and not changing any other formulations. In the simulations of the African continent under a 21st century warming trend, both stomatal functions of VPD and RH resulted in similar geographic patterns in gross primary production (GPP). However, continental total GPP was larger for the VPD response than that for the RH response. Transpiration rates were lower, resulting in a 13% increase in water‐use efficiency for the VPD response compared with its RH counterpart.


Diameter is a critical metric during producing circular workpieces, but it is always challenging to measure accurately due to the existence of noise. The intelligent Hough transform with Jaya (IHTJ) is developed to solve this issue recently. However, it suffers from some disadvantages including unsatisfactory accuracy and convergence rate caused by the problem of trapping into local optimization in the case of inaccurate priori knowledge. In this paper, an IHTJ of multipopulation cooperation (IHTJMC) is proposed to overcome these disadvantages. Firstly, we analyse the problem of IHTJ in the diameter measurement. Secondly, a ring structure of the multipopulation cooperation is designed. In this structure, the whole population is divided into several subpopulations which evolve independently all the time. This can ensure a few best and worst solutions guide the evolution of the whole population at the same time. Then, we propose a migration strategy to finish the cooperation among the different subpopulations, which selects a few individuals from each subpopulation randomly, and exchange them with each other. This strategy can make the different subpopulations share the information among the entire population and improve the global search ability. Finally, three experiments are introduced to test the effectiveness of the IHTJMC. The experimental results demonstrate that the IHTJMC can restrain the problem of falling into local optimization significantly. Compared with the existing methods, it has superior accuracy and robustness for the diameter measurement of a circular workpiece which is heated to red state.


The object was to evaluate the effect of melatonin treatment on the advance in April of the reproductive resumption in Sarda breed sheep with different lambing period. For the research two farms, located in North Sardinia between 39° and 40° N, were chosen. In each farm, 120 lactating ewes were selected: 30 lambed between October 20th and November 20th (group 1); 30 lambed between December 1st and 30th (group 2); 30 lambed between January 1st and 30th; 30 lambed between February 1st and 28th (group 4). In each farm, each group of 30 animals was divided into two subgroups of 15 animals (M and C). On April 1st, in each farm, the animals of the M subgroups were treated with a implant containing 18 mg melatonin. The subgroups C were kept as control. The lambing dates and the number of newborn lambs were recorded until 220 days after ram introduction. In treated animals greatest fertility (P<0.01) and lowest distance in days from male introduction to lambing (P<0.01) were recorded. The best reproductive performances were found in the group 1 and 2 compared to the other two groups (P<0.01). The present research shows that melatonin treatment should be made 3 or 4 months after lambing, in order to obtain optimal results.


The presented work covers part of experimental results of simultaneous study of microstructure, density, hardness and electrical conductivity of sintered electrical contact materials based of AgSnO 2 with 8, 10 and 12 mass% SnO 2 . The mentioned characteristics were analyzed in the function of different sintering regimes and after additional mechanical treatment (forging and rolling). The influence of small addition of In 2 O 3 (2.9 mass%) on the increase of dispersion of main oxide SnO 2


Abstract Forty‐one species of trilobites and two of graptolites are described from the Patriarch Formation and the overlying Summit Limestone of the northwest Nelson area, New Zealand. Most of the trilobites are recorded for the first time from Australasia. The stratigraphy of both formations is revised and stratigraphic columns presented. Five successive faunules, shown to span the Cambrian‐Ordovician boundary, are recognised in the sequence, and are correlated internationally. Stratigraphically important conodonts from the area are figured and briefly discussed. Faunule 1, in the lower 220 m of the Patriarch Formation, contains the Lotagnostus‐Hedinaspis‐Hysterolenus trilobite fauna, which is found around the world in Late Cambrian strata. Twenty‐three trilobite species occur, including three new species: the aulacopleurid Proteuloma ahu, the shumardiid Shumardia (Conophrys) tauwhena, and the nepeid Amzasskiella kupenga. Faunule 2, from the upper 250 m of the Patriarch Formation, contains the graptolite...


The silicate drilling fluid system is an agent suppression fluid dominated by inorganic salt which is used to prevent collapse of borehole wall.It has the physical and chemical sealing,a double role of wall reinforce.It can effectively reduce the penetration of wall,and impede pressure transmission.And it has good rheological properties,is non-toxic,non-fluorescent,low cost,considered with the development prospects of one of the water-based drilling fluids.In the Carbonaceous mudstone areas,drilling frequently encounters some problems,such as loss,collapse,block falling down,and water inflow,bringing about a great trouble to the safety of drilling.Meanwhile,in order to meet requirements of the engineering/hydrological data acquisition and evaluation,there are relatively strict requirements of the handling complex formation in railway survey,such as avoiding using of cement sealing.The silicate solution,which is studied in this paper,can be effectively solve the abovementioned problems and enhance the rate of taking core and the ROP.


0 A Holocene sediment pro_le from a northern Swedish boreal forest lake was analysed for diatoms\ pollen and charcoal[ The diatom data were used for inferences of lake!water pH\ alkalinity and colour\ while the pollen and charcoal records enabled assessment of catchment vegetation changes and _re[ This palaeoecological study demonstrated long!term changes in lake!water acidity as a result of catchment veg! etation changes and _re[ 1 The pollen record showed the transition from a deciduous!dominated forest "Betula and Alnus# 8999Ð7999 years BP "calibrated years# to the present coniferous!dominated forest "mainly Pinus# in the catchment of Makkassjo n[ Local peaks in the steadily decreasing Betula pollen curve corresponded with increases in the charcoal concen! tration[ Picea pollen did not appear until the uppermost half of the sediment section "c[ 1499 BP#\ and never exceeded 09) relative abundance[ 2 The Holocene development in lake!water chemistry\ inferred from diatom analysis\ was divided into three periods] a natural acidi_cation\ a natural alkalization and a fertilization:liming period[ During the long!term natural acidi_cation period\ the diatom!inferred pH and alkalinity decreased by c[ 0[2 pH units and c[ 79 meq l\ respectively\ while diatom!inferred colour increased from 09 to 39mg Pt l in the same period[ These changes occurred simultaneously with a change from deciduous to coniferous forest[ Using redundancy analysis "RDA# with the tree pollen as predictor variables\ the Alnus\ Betula or Pinus pollen record captured 30Ð74) of the variance in lake!water pH and alkalinity[ 3 During the period of natural alkalization _re became a dominant disturbance factor in the catchment[ The charcoal record was a signi_cant predictor of the variance in diatom!inferred pH and alkalinity during the period with frequent _res\ as determined by RDA analysis with a time!restricted Monte Carlo permutation test[ The inferred changes in pH and colour suggested that the reduction of soil humus played a major role in the alkalization of the acid!sensitive lake[ 4 The results highlight questions about the important mechanisms for predicting the long!term e}ects of _re on surface!water chemistry\ which will be of crucial importance if changes in _re regime take place as a consequence of global warming[


A forum has heard use of the drug 'ice' is growing within the Albury-Wodonga community and police are calling for the community's help to fight the problems caused by its use.


We show that the algorithms which behave well on average may have difficulty only for highly structured, non-random inputs, except in a finite number of cases. The formal framework is provided by the theory of Kolmogorov complexity. An experimental verification is done for graph 3-colorability with Brelaz's algorithm.


Judging by their titles alone, a reader might expect that Abandoned Families: Social Isolation in the Twenty-First Century, by Kristin Seefeldt, and Surviving Poverty: Creating Sustainable Ties among the Poor, by Joan Maya Mazelis, focus on very similar subject matter. Both concern themselves with social ties among the poor, a topic that has long been of interest to scholars and has been debated intensely since Carol Stack first documented the necessity of kin and fictive-kin ties for poverty survival (Stack 1974). Since Stack's work, however, poverty scholars have failed to consistently find evidence of such vital and enduring social ties, whether to kin or non-kin. Findings from qualitative and ethnographic work from the past forty years vary in the degree to which they find evidence of social network ties, social isolation, and/or transient or ''disposable ties'' (Desmond 2012) among the poor. Given the continuing confusion over exactly what role social support plays in poverty survival, particularly in the era since the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996, there is much room for the contributions of these two books. They approach these issues from such different angles and directions, however, that they are seldom in direct conversation with each other and instead prove to be complementary. Their contributions are perhaps stronger together than separately, and collectively the two books provide an important background for understanding modern U.S. urban poverty and the ways in which social support can—but often doesn't—aid in poverty survival. Mazelis's book looks directly at the social dimensions of non-kin support and ties, focusing on reasons for the decline in social-tie reliance, as well as attempting to answer how we might go about fostering the creation and long-term sustenance of such ties. The presentation of sustainable ties ''as ties between nonkin that provide deep, meaningful support and have the potential to last over time'' (p. 17) is helpful for understanding how the poor can come to rely on one another and utilize shared resources to survive. The book looks in depth at the case of the Kensington Welfare Rights Union (KWRU), a grassroots organization in Philadelphia whose aims include ''building a collective response to poverty and demanding greater state aid for the poor'' (p. 11). The research consists of qualitative interviews with female KWRU members and nonmembers in order Abandoned Families: Social Isolation in the Twenty-First Century, by Kristin Seefeldt. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2016. 263 pp. $32.50 paper. ISBN: 9780871547835.


To minimize the pick-up of hardness ions, phosphorylated 48/52 PET/viscose blend fabrics were aftertreated with titanyl sulphate, zirconium oxychloride/antimony trioxide, and sodium stannate formulations. Flame retardancy before and after hard- water (220 ppm) wash cycles was evaluated by oxygen index, surface ignition, 45° burning tests, and horizontal burning rate measurements. The FR behavior of phos phorylated blend was impaired by hard water after 4 washing cycles while the after treated blends resisted deactivation by maintaining their initial level of flame retardancy. Infrared spectral analysis revealed ion-exchange reactions in the phosphorylated blend. Ion exchange also occurred in aftertreated fabrics at those sites where complex for mation with metal complexing agents had not taken place.


Control of Type I Error Rates for Oncology Biomarker Discovery with High-throughput Platforms (Jeffrey Miecznikowski, Dan Wang, Song Liu) Discovery of Expression Signatures in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Bayesian Model Averaging (Ka Yee Yeung) Bayesian Ranking and Selection Methods in Microarray Studies (Hisashi Noma, Shigeyuki Matsui) Multi-class Classification via Bayesian Variable Selection with Gene Expression Data (Yang Aijun, Song Xinyuan, Li Yunxian) Colorectal Cancer and its Molecular Subsystems: Construction, Interpretation, and Validation (Vishal N. Patel, Mark R. Chance) Semi-Supervised Methods for Analyzing High-Dimensional Genomic Data (Devin C. Koestler) Network Medicine: Disease Genes in Molecular Networks (Sreenivas Chavali, Kartiek Kanduri) Inference of Gene Regulatory Networks in Breast and Ovarian Cancer by Integrating Different Genomic Data (Binhua Tang, Fei Gu, Victor X. Jin) Network Module Based Approaches in Cancer Data Analysis (Guanming Wu, Lincoln D. Stein) Discriminant and Network Analysis to Study Origin Of Cancer (Yue Wang, Li Chen, Ye Tian, Guoqiang Yu, David J. Miller, Ie-Ming Shih) Intervention and Control of Gene Regulatory Net-Works: Theoretical Framework and Application to Human Melanoma Gene Regulation (Nidhal Bouaynaya, Roman Shterenberg, Dan Schonfeld, Hassan M. Fathallah-Shaykh) Identification of Recurrent DNA Copy Number Aberrations in Tumors (Vonn Walter, Andrew B. Nobel, D. Neil Hayes, Fred A. Wright) The Cancer Cell, its Entropy, and High-Dimensional Molecular Data (Wessel N. van Wieringen, Aad W. van der Vaart) Overview of Public Cancer Databases, Resources and Visualization Tools (Frank Emmert-Streib, Ricardo de Matos Simoes, Shailesh Tripathi, Matthias Dehmer)


We investigate the Lyth bound relating the tensor–scalar ratio, r, to the variation of the inflaton field, Δϕ, over the course of inflation. For inflationary models that produce at least 55 e-folds of inflation, there is a correlation between r and Δϕ as anticipated by Lyth, but the scatter around the relationship is huge. However, for inflationary models that satisfy current observational constraints on the scalar spectral index and its first derivative, the Lyth relationship is much tighter. In particular, we find that inflationary models with must have , unless the parameters of the models are finely tuned. Large field variations are generally required if a tensor mode signal is to be detected in any foreseeable cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment.


A mail questionnaire survey was conducted to examine relationships between the nature and the kind of past work experiences and the present quality of life perceived by the retirees from one large private corporation located in the Tokyo area. Out of 457 retired managers listed, 302 (66.1%) provided usable data for the present study. The respondents' average age was found to be 63.3, and average years after retirement 8.0.A set of measures was developed to evaluate the quality of life after retirement, namely a Life Satisfaction Scale, a Degree of Contribution Scale, and a Sense of Life Meaningfulness Scale. Results of analyses indicated that past experiences of internal control on the job, intrinsic job satisfaction and organizat ional commitment (in terms of Porter's OCS) significantly related to a set of QL measures, after controlling for age, income, and housing conditions. These findings were discussed regarding the corporate personnel policies which are generally sugested for reconsideration at the starting stage of the aging society in Japan toward the years in 2000s.


Stabilized four-filament SiC-added in situ MgB2 wires were prepared by the rectangular wire-in-tube (RWIT) technique, using boron powders of different purity (90% and 99%), SiC powders of different agglomerate size and sheaths of different metals. The critical current density at 11 T and 4.2 K improved by 5–10 times by using boron powder of higher purity, SiC powder of small agglomerate size, a chemically inert Ti barrier and mechanical support provided by a Monel sheath. The decrease in critical temperature (Tc) and increase in critical current density (Jc) of wires could be explained in terms of carbon doping. Formation of Mg2Si and B-rich secondary phases, and carbon substitution was studied using EDX chemical mapping in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The addition of SiC results in the formation of B-rich secondary phases. Our results support the mechanism of carbon doping through the reaction of SiC with Mg to form Mg2Si and release free carbon. However, the extent of effective carbon doping depends on the size of the precursor SiC agglomerates, as large SiC agglomerates are unable to react with Mg. B precursor powder of lower purity and Mg2Si secondary phase formation led to incomplete phase formation of MgB2 and consequently to lowered Jc.


Purpose
This study aims to activated carbon prepared from pistachio waste by using phosphoric acid as chemical activator agent. Activated carbon adsorbents were prepared from pistachio waste by using phosphoric acid as chemical activator agent.

Design/methodology/approach
The optimum conditions for the highest adsorption performance were determined by central composite design (CCD). The adsorbent was used for the adsorption of dye reactive black 5 (RB5), and the parameters affecting the adsorption were discussed like pH, initial concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The adsorbent synthesized has been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The kinetic models including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to investigate the kinetic and isotherms parameters.

Findings
When the dye concentration is 10 mg/L, RB5 dye removal rates reach 87.5 per cent. Moreover, the adsorption process of RB5 follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

Practical implications
This study provided a simple and effective way to prepare activated carbon adsorbents from pistachio wastes. This way was conductive to protect environmental from a huge amount of agricultural waste produced and subsequent application for removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions.

Originality/value
The activated carbon adsorbents are prepared via chemical activation, which is prepared with pistachio wastes. There are two main innovations: one is that the novel adsorbents are prepared successfully by waste and the other is that the optimized conditions are designed by CCD.


Abstract From the Ogaden War to the Black Hawk Down incident, the Horn of Africa was a theatre of events with far-reaching international consequences. This paper argues that the distinctive process leading to the end of the bipolar conflict in the Horn is crucial to understanding the role of this region both during and after the Cold War. Through an extensive analysis of the period 1985–1991, this article explains why only a few years after the 'burial' of SALT II in the sands of the Ogaden, the superpowers withdrew from the region which had been the symbol of the failure of détente. Similarly, an analysis of the end of the Cold War is paramount to understanding why, after the break-up of the USSR, the Horn of Africa hosted one of the most tragic episodes of post-Cold War US foreign policy.


Abstract A highly tetragonal (large c/a ratio) martensite in a Fe-4 wt% Al-1·6 wt% Mn-2 wt% Calloy, which is not aged and considered to be as 'fresh' as possible, has been observed by high-resolution electron microscope. From the arrangement of atom rows in the [010] structure image and the corresponding electron diffraction pattern, it is concluded that carbon atoms are clustered on the (305) plane. The unit structure of these carbon-clustered regions is similar to that of the modulated structure observed in Fe-C alloys, although a periodic layer distribution of carbon atoms is not observed.


Abstract In the paper, the changes in some mechanical properties and wear behavior of CuSn10 sintered bronze and MMCs based on this bronze reinforced with composite ultrafine aluminide powders FeAl/15 % Al2O3, NiAl/15 % Al2O3 and Ti-46Al-8Cr are described. It was observed that the presence of aluminides in the MMCs leads to an increase in the hardness, but the flexural strength may increase or decrease depending on the type of aluminide. The presence of aluminides in the MMC reduces the wear rate considerably. It is decreased in the direction of FeAl/15 % Al2O3 → NiAl/15 % Al2O3 → Ti-46Al-8Cr aluminides and for the best MMC composition the advantage is about 20 times. In the MMCs wear process, micro-craters are formed on the contact surface and it is the principal reason of a decrease in the wear rate.


OBJECTIVE: To determine compliance and persistence with cholesterol-lowering therapy with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in patients following a myocardial infarction (MI) or other atherosclerotic event. METHODS: Patients were identified from a Midwestern managed care organization (MCO) database who had an MI or other atherosclerotic event in 1997 or 1998 and were continuously enrolled in the MCO for the year following the event. Patient records were collected following HEDIS reporting guidelines. Pharmacy claims data review identified 216 patients who had at least one prescription filled for a statin. Compliance and persistence were assessed using length of therapy, single-interval medication availability, multiple-refill-interval medication availability, single-interval medication gaps, and multiple-refill-interval medication gaps. RESULTS: The population was predominantly male (76%) and the mean age was 61 years (SD 10.2 years, range 34 to 77). The cardiovascular events were as follows: 52% MI, 45% coronary atherosclerosis, and 4% other atherosclerotic event. The proportion of patients persistent with statin therapy at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 88, 86, 80, and 69 percent respectively. Patients achieved 90% compliance with each refill (SD 25%, median 94) and cumulative compliance for all refills was 83% (SD 24%, median 92). The average single-interval treatment gap was 11 days (SD 28.5 days, median 2 days) while the average cumulative total treatment gap over the study period was 44 days (SD 70 days, median 13 days). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as measured by single-interval and multiple-refill-interval was generally high, but not ideal (100%) following an MI or other atherosclerotic event. These pharmacy claims data may be further analyzed using multivariate regression to determine the impacts of age, sex, diagnosis, number of concomitant medications, medication days supply, type of statin prescribed, and patient copay on compliance and persistence with therapy.


Mg–Al catalysts were adopted in the direct synthesis of 1,3-butadiene and other bulk chemicals from bioethanol. The influence of MgO content and sample calcination temperature on the catalytic performance was investigated. The optimization of reaction conditions for 1,3-butadiene, ethylene and 1-butanol, including reaction temperatures and the feed rate of ethanol, was also carried out. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, SEM, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD and FTIR of adsorbed pyridine. On the basis of these analysis results and catalytic performance of yielding 1,3-butadiene, both the MgO content and the calcination temperature play a great role on the nature of acid and basic sites, then the proper active sites for producing 1,3-butadiene and other important chemicals such as ethylene and 1-butanol have been elaborated. The balance of moderate acid–basic sites is crucial to production of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol. Ethylene is obtained on strong acid and strong basic sites. 1-Butanol tends to form on the strong basic sites. To further improve the target product selectivity, modifiers adjusting the balance of acidity–basicity need to be involved in the Mg–Al catalysts.


A process for blackening the chemically coated Ni layer includes preparing solution from strong oxidant solution (4-8 vol-portions), filming agent (glucerin or polyethlene alcohol or glycol) (1-2 vol. portions) and water (1-10 vol. portions), and dipping the chemically coated layer in said solution at 20-50 deg.C for 10-120 sec. The blackened layer features excellent anticorrosion nature, high hardness and good anti-wear performance.


Rhodium-based catalysts were evaluated for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The study was focused on the influence of pH and metal additives on catalyst activity and selectivity. Under basic conditions, 1,2-PDO was formed with high selectivity (> 90%). Traces of acetol and ethylene glycol were detected and lactic acid was observed at high pH. Under acidic conditions (H2WO4), or in the presence of metal salts (i.e., FeCl2, ErCl3…), 1,2-PDO; 1,3-PDO and 1-propanol were formed. The highest 1,3-PDO/1,2-PDO ratio was 0.9.


The Educational Journey of Adam Mikolaj Sieniawski to Western Europe (1684–1686) In the eighties of the 17th century many young noblemen and magnates from the Polish Commonwealth of the Two Nations set out on an educational grand tour of Western Europe. The above tour constituted the last stage in the educational process of the young elites; it was embarked on for the purpose of acquiring experience, getting to know the world and unknown countries, their culture, customs and language. Adam Mikolaj Sieniawski (1666–1726), the subsequent voivode of Belz, Grand Hetman and Castellan of Krakow also received a similar education. Initially, this son of the Crown Field Hetman Mikolaj Hieronim and Cecylia Maria Radziwill attended the schools in Lvov and subsequently, he began his studies at the University of Krakow. In the years 1684–1686, the young subprefect of Lvov set out on a tour of Western Europe; in the autumn of 1684, he travelled from Prague to Paris. During this journey, two governors – Fox and Woynarowski took care of the young Sieniawski. A diary of the journey conducted by two brothers, Aleksander Jan and Jan Stanislaw Jablonowski, who also visited Western Europe at the time, makes it possible to complete the missing details of Sieniawski's stay in the capital of France. In the diary there are frequent allusions to the meetings with the young Lvov subprefect. While in Paris, Sieniawski did not only concentrate on studying but also spent time on social visits, entertainment and simply sightseeing. Towards the end of April 1685, he went for a trip to England where he participated in the coronation celebrations of James Stuart II. In the autumn of the same year, he also visited the north of France and the Netherlands. Towards the end of 1686, Adam Mikolaj Sieniawski returned to the Polish Commonwealth; one can only assume that on his way back, he also visited Rome and Venice.


This study was conducted to identify the types of students' misconceptions, factors that cause students' misconceptions, and to describe the problem-solving of students' misconceptions in mathematical induction. The subjects of this study were 30 junior students of The Mathematics Department of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Universitas Islam Malang, who take The Real Analysis I course. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. The study instruments used three tests and an interview guide. The data were analyzed using a qualitative approach in order to attain types of misconceptions and how to solve the misconceptions. With respect to the students' performance, the results of the study showed that most students had difficulty in interpreting letters, notation, generalization, and rules application. The factors that influence the students' algebra misconceptions in mathematical induction was the students' lack of ability, the lack of willingness that hinder the students' cognitive development, and the lack of learning motivation. In order to solve these problems, the researcher proposed a method called the guided discovery method. Keyword: misconceptions, mathematical induction INTRODUCTION Mathematics is a course that needs calculation in working out problems. There are many fields that need mathematics, such as economics, medical, engineering, etc. Mathematics needs to be taught to young learners so that they are able to learn and master the knowledge earlier and easier. Mathematics needs to be taught based on learners' cognitive development. According to Piaget, 11-year learners will experience a formal operational level, in which learners will be able to think abstractly related to ideas and problem-solving alternatives (Huitt & Hummel, 2003). Mathematics also needs to be taught to university students or pre-service teachers, who are considered as adult learners. The ability of university students must have developed perfectly to think of various alternatives to problem-solving. University students must be able to process information to be adapted and adopted. However, there are some students who are difficult to solve problems, especially in mathematics problems. Students' difficulties in learning mathematics are influenced by the complexity of materials, students' perception towards mathematics, and teachers' teaching strategy (Subanji, 2015). Somehow, learning problems can distract the teaching and learning process. A misconception is one of the problems in which the concepts explained by teachers are not accepted perfectly by students. Maryati & Priatna (2018) states that misconception can be defined as a definition that is not accurate toward a concept, using the wrong concept, classifying the wrong concept, and the relation of incorrect concepts. Mathematics learning is cumulative; that is, new knowledge gained is linked to the previous knowledge. Hence, if a student is unable to ''assimilate'' and ''accommodate'' this creates a gap in the learning of the concept, and in turn, leads to mathematical errors or misconceptions (Roselizawati Sikky El Walida, et al (Identification of Students' Misconceptions) Journal of Education and Learning Mathematics Research | Volume 1, Number 2, 2020 51 Hj Sarwadi & Shahrill, 2014). Voutsina (2012) claimed that students conceptual knowledge is a source of information about the procedure. Many students still feel difficulties in understanding problems either the language or the context of the problems (Klymchuk, Zverkova, Gruenwald, & Sauerbier, 2010). Suparno (2013) states that misconception can be caused by students, teachers or lecturers, learning contexts, teaching styles, and textbooks. In addition, misconceptions can also be caused by students' cognitive development which is not in line with the concept learned, students' reasoning limitations, students' ability in understanding concepts, and students' interests in learning concepts, so as in mathematics misconceptions. Mathematical misconceptions need more attention to solve, otherwise, they might affect the next mathematical problems (Subanji, 2015). Yensy (2018) also states that deep misconception analysis is needed so that the types of misconceptions and the causing factors can be identified earlier and we can find a solution for the problems. Students' misconceptions can be detected through (a) giving well-structured assignments; (b) administering a diagnostic test in the beginning of the meeting; (c) providing direct questions to students; (d) providing flipped questions; (e) providing feedbacks; and (f) doing an interview (Maryati & Priatna, 2018). In fact, misconceptions in mathematics can also happen to students who take The Real Analysis course. Real Analysis is a course that needs a deep understanding of concepts, in which concepts are the basic information to comprehend the material. If a student cannot understand the concept, the student cannot accept the material correctly and fully. One of the materials that are discussed in The Real Analysis course is mathematical induction. Important concepts that are used in mathematical induction are algebra and algebra manipulation concepts. Many students do miss algebra and its operational calculation during the mathematical induction process. As an effort to improve concept understanding ability, researchers consider this as an important thing to analyze students' misconceptions of mathematical induction concepts. METHOD To obtain data on students' misconceptions in mathematical induction, the researchers did a deep observation of the students' assignments. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. In this study, the researchers observed and described the students' misconceptions and how to solve the misconceptions in mathematical induction. The subjects of the study were 30 junior students of The Mathematics Department of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Universitas Islam Malang, who take The Real Analysis I course. In order to collect the data needed, the researchers used three tests and an interview guide. The data were in the forms of the students' works and the interview. The data were analyzed using a qualitative approach in order to attain types of misconceptions and how to solve the misconceptions. The researchers administered three tests to the 30 students step by step, beginning from basic algebra material, basic mathematical induction, and the last was a test of mathematical induction understanding. After administering the tests, the researchers did unstructured interviews with the three students to obtain further information related to students' misconceptions. Three research subjects were taken based on test scores who were considered to represent the overall abilities of students who experienced misconceptions. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The first test was used as a preliminary study. It aimed to identify the students who experienced basic algebra misconceptions. The second test was used to identify the types and the cause of the students' misconceptions in mathematical induction which involved Sikky El Walida, et al (Identification of Students' Misconceptions) Journal of Education and Learning Mathematics Research | Volume 1, Number 2, 2020 52 algebra. After administering the second test, the researchers conducted an unstructured interview with the students to investigate the factors that cause misconceptions. The last test was used to obtain data of the students who did not experience mathematical induction misconception after they undertook some steps to overcome the misconceptions. The unstructured interview was also done after the researchers administered the third test. It was done to support that the students were not misunderstood the mathematical induction. Based on test 1, which is related to basic algebra, it is obtained that 63.3% of the students misunderstood the concept of basic algebra, while 36.7% of the students did not experience the misconception. Based on the result of test 1, it shows that mostly the students misunderstood items number 1 and 4. The following figure is an example of misunderstanding item number 1 from a student. Figure 1. The Result of a Student's Work on Item Number 1 (Test I) Considering the answer given by one of the students, it can be seen that the student did the basic algebra calculation incorrectly. In calculating 2 + 3(−2) = 5 − 2 = 3, the student did the additional calculation first, which is placed at the beginning of the formula. Then the result of 2 + 3 is multiplied by (-2), so it is obtained 69 as the final result of the calculation. The student missed the existence of brackets ( ), in which the operation between brackets must come first because it is multiplication. The following figure shows a misconception of item number 4. Figure 2. The Result of a Students' Work on Item Number 4 (Test I) Considering the answer given by one of the students in figure 2, it can be seen that the student did the rank operation incorrectly. In calculating 5 + 5 + 40 = 5(1 + 1 + 40) the student did put number 5 outside the brackets, so the calculation becomes distributive. Based on the first test, it shows that the student forgot about algebra basic concept. Students forget the order of performing operations in mathematics. Students also forget the importance of parentheses ( ) in mathematical arithmetic operations. Students also forgot about operations that occur in the rank. So that it makes many concept errors occur in the first test. After administering the first test, the students were given mathematical induction. In this material, there are several patterns of numbers learned; they are series, division, and inequalities. After learning the materials, the students were given the second test to identify the types and the causes of misconception in mathematical induction. Sikky El Walida, et al (Identification of Students' Misconce


To provide steel bolts and studs tightening effort nondestructive evaluation the metal strain indicator IN-01m have been developed based on residual magnetic field dependence of metal strain value described. IN-01m can be used either before or during tightening steel bolts and studs, provide in-time detection of internal damage of metal, and there are no any strict limitations similar to applied in ultrasonic and other strain evaluation techniques. The results of hydro turbine cover steel studs inspection produced by IN-01m in the time of maintenance in turbine hall of power plant are presented.


CdS thin film was prepared by vacuum evaporation and its surface morphology,structure and photoelectric properties were tested and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),UV-visible spectroscopy and four-point probe method.The results showed that the CdS thin films deposited on the substrates at different temperatures are mainly of hexagonal phase with the crystal planes(002) in highly preferred orientation.The visible light transmittances of the films deposited on the substrates at different temperature are all over 70%,and the film resistance increases with increasing substrate temperature.The energy gap Eg of the thin film deposited on the substrate at 50 ℃ is 2.41 eV.After annealed at 200 ℃,the thin film quality can be improved with crystallizability enhanced,resistance decreased and grain size increased, and the resistance of CdS films deposited on the substrate at 50 ℃ is 255 Ω·cm.


The present invention discloses a degassing chamber, comprising a chamber cover, the vacuum chamber and heating the susceptor, the chamber cover into the enclosure and the vacuum chamber enclosed space heated susceptor disposed in a vacuum chamber to the air chamber chamber further includes an intake pipe, intake pipe and connected through an internal heating base; by the intake pipe is provided inside the heating of the susceptor, the rear surface of the wafer inflation gas, degassing the wafer process, the entire vacuum chamber is avoided inflated chamber process, the wafer is reduced at a time of the vacuum chamber, thereby shortening the process time and improve production efficiency.


Abstract 1 The susceptibility of different genotypes of 29‐year‐old Sitka spruce to damage by the green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum, was investigated in a progeny trial where aphid damage on individual trees had previously been assessed twice in an earlier stage of ontogenetic development. The progeny trial comprised 14 open‐pollinated families originating from a clonal seed orchard that had been established using mature spruce trees selected for aphid resistance.


As the BitTorrent has become one of the most popular peer-to-peer file sharing systems, various security threats appear based on its operation. In this paper, we analyzed the vulnerabilities of the BitTorrent protocol, and surveyed existing attacks on the protocol. Then, we classified the attacks from the protocol's operational viewpoints. Basically, the protocols are categorized into two parts: trackerbased and trackerless. In tracker-based part, we classified them into Tracker HTTP Protocol and Peer Wire Protocol. Finally, we described the attack briefly and drew the diagram which is classification of existing attacks in the BitTorrent in order to understand overall attacks.


Background: Asthma is a common public health disease in all ages. However, there are hardly any population-based studies about the long term prognosis of adult onset asthma. Aim: To study remission and factors related to remission of adult onset asthma in a population-based study with >15-year follow-up time. Method: During 1995-99, 309 incident cases of asthma were identified. Follow-ups were performed in 2003 and 2014, where 250 and 205 subjects participated, respectively. Structured interviews and clinical examinations including spirometry with reversibility was performed at both baseline and follow-ups, skin prick test at baseline, and asthma severity defined according to GINA guidelines at follow-up. Results: After a 15 year follow-up, 23 individuals (11%) were in remission and 182 individuals had persistent asthma. Those in remission had significantly higher FEV1% of predicted at baseline (and at follow-up) than those with persistent asthma, 94.6 vs. 88.3, p=0.034. Remission was not related to either sex, age, BMI or allergic sensitization. Among those with persistent asthma, 55% had controlled asthma, 32% partly controlled, and 13% uncontrolled asthma. Sex, age, smoking, BMI, or allergic sensitization at baseline was not significantly related to asthma severity at follow-up. Conclusions: Adult onset asthma can be considered a chronic disease; remission of adult onset asthma was low and less than one percent/year. Subjects in remission had a better lung function than those with persistent asthma. Even though remission was rare, the prognosis of adult onset asthma was good, considering that the majority of the asthmatics had a controlled disease.


A vehicle lighting assembly is provided which uses a light guiding lens (50) without dedicated light source. The vehicle lighting assembly can include: a light source (32) configured to emit light rays used at least for forming a target light distribution; a light guiding member (50) made of a transparent or semi-transparent material, the light guiding member (50) including a plurality of individual reflective light emitting surfaces (51c1) configured to be illuminated with light rays entering the light guiding member (50) from the light source (32) and another reflective light emitting surface (51a) configured to be illuminated with parallel light rays entering the light guiding member (50); and a reflector (33) having a first reflective surface (33a) configured to reflect light rays emitted from the light source (32) for use in forming the target light distribution and a second reflective surface (33b) configured to adjust part of light rays not for use in forming the target light distribution so that the light rays are made parallel with each other.


1 Ludvigsson J. Immune intervention at diagnosis—should we treat children to preserve beta-cell function? Pediatric Diabetes 2007; 8: S34–39. 2 Chase HP, MacKenzie TA, Burdick J, Fiallo-Scharer R, Walravens P, Klingensmith G et al. Redefining the clinical remission period in children with Type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2004; 5: 16–19. 3 Muhammad BJ, Swift PG, Raymond NT, Botha JL. Partial remission phase of diabetes in children younger than age 10 years. Arch Dis Child 1999; 80: 367–369. 4 Mortensen HB, Hougaard P, Swift P, Hansen L, Holl RW, Hoey H et al. New definition for the partial remission period in children and adolescentswith type 1diabetes.DiabetesCare2009;32: 1384–1390. 5 Bowden SA, Duck MM, Hoffman RP. Young children (< 5 years) and adolescents (< 12 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus have low rate of partial remission: diabetic ketoacidosis is an important risk factor. Pediatric Diabetes 2008; 9: 197–201.


It has previously been demonstrated that thymus exerts a regulatory influence on β-adrenergic system during aging. In particular, it has been shown that thymus can correct the β-adrenoceptor density decrease in old mice. In the present paper results of experiments are reported dealing with the influence of the thymus on α-adrenoceptors of mouse brain cortex. Both subtypes of α-adrenoceptors are studied separately, using different labelled ligands. Results show that αI-adrenoceptor density decreases in old animals, while α2-adrenoceptor density does not change significantly. A neonatal thymus grafted into old recipients is capable of correcting the alteration observed in old mice. The differential impairment of α-adrenoceptors resembles that one previously observed on β-adrenoceptors, where β1-type decreases in number during aging with a parallel decrease of adenylyl-cyclase activity, while β2-type remains unchanged.


The basilica of Haghia Sophia in Nicaea is the result of multiple phases of development. A number of scholars have dealt with the architecture of the monument and the history of its construction: Brounoff published a rather outdated description and analysis of the building in 1925, Schneider gave two accounts of the excavations he carried out in the church in 1935, Sabine Möllers studied the monument thoroughly in her doctorate thesis in 1994 and Peschlow produced a complete outline of the relevant scientific knowledge in 2001, in the context of a wider presentation of the churches of Nicaea. Based on the information presented in the latter, the original edifice, episcopal church of the city and venue of the seventh Ecumenical Council, was possibly constructed in the fifth or sixth century. The building went through various transformations during the following centuries, the last of which – by the architect Sinan – occurred in the sixteenth century, since the church had been converted into a mosque after the conquest of Nicaea by the Turks in 1331. The most important of the Byzantine repairs of the church have been dated by the aforementioned scholars to the eleventh century, and more specifically to a time soon after the earthquakes which affected Nicaea in the period 1063–1065, causing serious damage to most buildings. The neighbouring church of the Dormition (Koimesis) of the Virgin was also extensively reconstructed at the time, after the partial collapse of its superstructure.


This paper presents Gergely Peterfy's Stuffed Barbarian [ Kitomott Barbar , 2014] in the context of eighteenth-century, pre-Revolutionary debates on slavery and the related question of the "human." It investigates the ethical and political stakes of Peterfy's narrative technique and argues that the improbably omniscient, third person character narration used throughout the novel performs the universalist and exclusive ideology Bildung of the European Enlightenment, which Peterfy mourns.


This thesis is a grounded theory study of orphanhood in the context
of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. It aims at
understanding how orphans experience their life circumstances;
negotiate social interactions and self-images; and develop
aspirations for future existence. The study was conducted in Pallisa,
Uganda and the methods used were participant observations, photo
elicitation and in-depth interviews, complemented by child-centred
methods. A constructivist grounded theory approach resulted in a
substantive theory called the Orphan Protagonist. Using symbolic
interactionism, the substantive theory was validated into a formal
theory in two parts: Self-image Typology and Conduct Control. The
Orphan Protagonist demonstrates the importance for orphans to
excel beyond parented peers in all activities, including good
behaviour, in order to avoid maltreatment or exclusion from the
community. It also indicates orphans' capability to manage risks and
fend for themselves and younger siblings. Finally, it shows that
orphans are resourceful persons with the ability to succeed in their
future lives. The OP is transferable to similar settings and phenomena.


In this article, we argue that contemporary biomedicine is shaped by two, seemingly incommensurable, organizational logics, the 'regime of truth' and the 'regime of hope'. We articulate their features by drawing on debates sparked by the recent clinical trial of a new approach to the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. We also argue that the 'self' is configured in the very same process whereby these two organizational logics interlock and become mutually dependent, so that the 'self' might be said to be the effect of a 'parasitic' relationship between the regimes of 'truth' and 'hope'. We then bring these two arguments to bear on the contrasting views of the relationship between embodiment and political subjectivity articulated by Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, on the one hand, and Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose, on the other hand.


For gene therapy purposes, the skin is an attractive organ to target for systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins to treat systemic diseases, skin diseases, or skin cancer. To achieve long-term stable expression of a therapeutic gene in keratinocytes (KC), we have developed an approach using a bicistronic retroviral vector expressing the desired therapeutic gene linked to a selectable marker (multidrug resistant gene, MDR) that is then introduced into KC and fibroblasts (FB) to create genetically modified human skin equivalent (HSE). After grafting the HSE onto immunocompromised mice, topical colchicine treatment is used to select and enrich for genetically modified keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) that express MDR and are resistant to colchicine's antimitotic effects. Both the apparatus for topical colchicine delivery and the colchicine doses have been optimized for application to human skin. This approach can be validated by systemic delivery of therapeutic factors such as erythropoietin and the antihypertensive atrial natriuretic peptide.


This letter proposes a transferrable model-agnostic meta-learning (T-MAML) approach for short-term load forecasting for single households. The proposed approach enables multiple households to collaboratively train a generic artificial neural network (ANN) model. The generic ANN model is then further trained at each target household node for the STLF purpose. The proposed T-MAML based STLF approach is featured by: (1) significant reduction of computation and communication costs on the household side; and (2) superior STLF performance, especially when there is limited load data for training in a target household. Experiments based on a real Australian residential dataset are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Multi-nozzles printing processing with fabricating functional material film lays the foundation for the development of efficient scale production of photoelectric device. However, a prominent challenge is how to realize the volume uniformity of the droplets. Here, a classical analysis method is introduced firstly by printing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) to analyze the behavior of droplets. It relies on variance calculation for clarification the law of implicit behavior of droplets in terms of digitize. This method reveals the effect of printing parameters on the uniformity of the volume of droplets in multi-nozzles printing. Overall, combining both ink formulations and printing parameters optimization, it is concluded that the minimum volume variance of nozzles with different numbers is less than 0.5% and the influence of various parameters in multi-nozzles printing is found to be ranked.. The feasibility of this analysis method is presented and of great significance to achieve high-stable and large-scale multi-nozzles printing device.


The opium problem was an important topic when Japan took over Taiwan,because it is related to the consolidation and maintenance of Japan's colonial rule in Taiwan. The Japan had found a way,through exploring the management of opium,to rule Taiwan effectively. This way and experience provided the reference for America and China's subsequent opium suppression,hence East Asian countries formed a joint interaction and interdependence of opium suppression.