IN A NUMBER OF WAYS, THE HISTORY OF THE ACCEPTANCE OF NATIVE AMERican literature is parallel to the inclusion of literatures by blacks, Hispanics, and women, among others, in the national "canon." Arnold Krupat has suggested, in "Native American Literature and the Canon," that the literature of native Americans is but one beneficiary of the movement to challenge traditional (and often racist and sexist) notions of artistic value and the nature of human experience. Krupat writes, "Native American writing and Euramerican writing influenced by it may presently have approached the margins of the canon-as American society has marginally begun to approach the possibility of racial and sexual equality."' However, Krupat's observation that native American literature has reached the canonical "margins" seems more true for some kinds of native American literature than for others. The works of such novelists and poets as N. Scott Momaday, Leslie Marmon Silko, Louise Erdrich, and Michael Dorris, just to name a few, are, generally speaking, easily assimilable into established criteria of evaluation. They are, on the one hand, written so as to be accessible and appreciated by audiences familiar with the conventions of the Anglo-American literary canon, and on the other, "Indian" enough in theme or content to provide a special interest to these readers. However, many traditional works by native Americans are far less accessible. These works, collected, transcribed, and translated from their native languages, were often parts of ritual performances, accompanied by music, dances, or other ceremonial components. The context of the


Stock return predictability in highly developed countries has both empirical and theoretical justification in financial literature. The article aims to answer the question if market valuation ratios that relate share prices to various accounting quantities have any predictive power for long-term stock index returns on investments in capital markets of some Central and Eastern European countries, namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Russia. Heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation-consistent estimators with a small-sample degrees of freedom adjustment were used in regressions to track the overlapping data problem and small sample bias. The results of an investigation show that some of these ratios, such as price to a ten-year moving average of real earnings, commonly known as the cyclically adjusted price earnings (CAPE) ratio, price to estimated profits, market to book value and price to sales revenues have a strong predictive power for cumulative returns mainly over long horizons. On the other hand, price to one-year earnings, dividend yield or price to cash flow ratios prove to be quite poor predictors. Following the arguments of behavioural finance, we conclude that the evidence obtained in the study proving a fairly significant link between current values of market ratios and future cumulative returns indicates a certain degree of ineffectiveness of the analysed markets during the examined period.


A preoccupation with the US and narrow notions of area studies have obstructed scholarship on the diversity of bilateral relations and the emergence of the Northeast Asian regional community. During the Cold War, for example, this meant that Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese ties were neglected. In the 1990s the problem became more acute because many bilateral ties intensified and acquired new dimensions. There was an outpouring of new primary and secondary sources within the region, while rapidly evolving conditions made updating of insights imperative. The gap keeps widening between the claims of globalists with little area knowledge, and the opportunities to deepen understanding by applying area expertise to the flux in bilateral and regional relations. The traditions of Chinese, Japanese and Russian area studies have proven valuable, but inadequate. There is a need for scholars who will develop approaches that navigate between global and area studies. Few specialists on Northeast Asian area relations not involving the US can be found in the US, and the situation is scarcely improving. Experts must be trained for in depth, balanced bilateral analysis. Increasingly, there is a need for triangular experts as well. Indeed, working closely with centers inside the region, the US and other Western scholarly communities should be training a new generation of Northeast Asianists comfortable as area experts while also at home in the disciplines.


A 14-year-old boy was evaluated because of slow growth and delayed puberty. His growth chart showed that about four years earlier his rate of weight gain had slowed from approximately the 50th to the 25th percentile. He was otherwise asymptomatic. Hand radiographs showed a bone age of 12 years 6 months. A diagnostic procedure was performed.


In this paper we discuss new methods to improve the bacterial memetic algorithm (BMA) used for fuzzy rule base extraction. The first two methods are knot order violation handling methods which improves the performance of the BMA rather in the case of more complex fuzzy rule base. The third method is a new modification of the BMA in which the order of the operators is modified. This method improves the performance of the BMA rather in the case of less complex fuzzy rule base.


Method for controlling the foaming of a composition or an industrial process waterbased by incorporating an agent foam control, wherein the method uses control agent foam a compound of formula: wherein n and m are 2 or 3 , x is 1-6, and r, is an alkyl group C4 to C22, the compound generating an initial foam height at least 30% less than an aqueous solution to 0, 1% by weight of dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium (DOSS), when added in 0, 1% by weight to the DOSS solution, as measured by ASTM D 1173-53 at ambient temperature.


Advances obtained in Colombia in recent years in the development of cassava varieties with high yielding potential have helped to improve the competitiveness of the crop, and are facilitating its insertion in different markets, especially those related to the production of balanced feed for animals, as well as other industrial uses such us starch and adhesives. To compete in these markets, production costs for cassava have to be maintained as low as possible. The cassava crop demands a high quantity of hand labor, especially in the activities of planting and harvesting. In countries such us Brazil and Thailand, important advances have been made in the development of mechanized systems for cassava production. In Colombia, CLAYUCA has been working to adapt some mechanical planters and harvesters for cassava that were originally developed in Brazil. The two cassava planter prototypes that CLAYUCA has tested in Colombia have the capacity to plant two or three rows. The three-row model can plant 9.2 ha per day using four workers (3 planting and 1 tractor driver); the two-row model can plant 6.2 ha per day using three workers (2 planters and 1 tractor driver). There are eight working hours per day. These results compare very favorably with the results obtained with traditional cassava planting systems, in which the planting of one hectare requires at least 7 man-days. These two models of mechanical planters are a viable alternative for cassava farmers, but the minimum area needed to recover the investment costs is 30 ha. The two-row prototype was considered a best option considering that it allows variations in the distance between rows, distance between plants, the length of the stake as well as the depth of planting. One of the main advantages of the use of mechanical planters is the fact that the planting material can be harvested right before planting, thus improving the quality and avoiding the need to store stems for long periods. For the harvesters, the two models tested by CLAYUCA can harvest 1.2 tonnes per man per day, which is very good compared with traditional harvesting systems in which at least 20 to 25 man-days/ha are required to harvest around 12 to 15 tonnes. The use of the semi-mechanized system, in which the roots are pulled out of the soil, and the workers later detach the roots from the stem, allows to increase the efficiency from around 500 kg to nearly 1 tonne of roots harvested per person per day. In the Valle del Cauca region of Colombia, the introduction of mechanized planting is allowing farmers to reduce production costs of planting to up to 15.6% in comparison to traditional manual planting. With respect to harvest, the introduction of the harvesting machine is allowing reductions in production costs of around 18.5%. The combination of both practices is giving a total reduction in direct costs of nearly 20%. INTRODUCTION With the current trend towards economic globalization, agricultural sectors in developing countries such us Colombia, have to face strong competition from imported agricultural products, coming from developed countries in which a complex scheme of subsidies is used to support agricultural activities. Consumers have the choice of using alternative, imported, cheaper products, thus creating marketing problems for local farmers. 1 Executive Director, Latin American and Caribbean Consortium to Support Cassava Research and Development (CLAYUCA), CIAT, Apartado Aereo 67-13, Cali, Colombia. 2 Cassava Production Systems Specialist, CLAYUCA, CIAT, Apartado Aereo 67-13, Cali, Colombia. 3 Agricultural Engineers, Universidad del Valle, 2002. Thesis Students at CLAYUCA. 2001-2002.


This paper looks at the progress in transition and the geographic diversification of trade, focusing on two issues--the degree of trade openness and trade integration--for a sample of countries in transition. It concludes that about half of the group of countries sampled are becoming as open as similar market economies, but that many others remain relatively closed. Geographic diversification (to the European Union) is found to be greater the closer is geographic proximity and the more advanced the country is with reforms. The analysis is then extended, in an illustrative way, to show how much larger would be the share of exports to the EU if structural reforms were more ambitious.


This paper aims to measure household willingness‐to‐engage (WTE) in municipal water quality projects. A cross‐sectional logit model is specified as a function of socio‐demographic, socio‐economic, water consumption and conservation, and public awareness in western Newfoundland and Labrador. WTE is a new provision of the demand‐side management approach that incorporates an ecological economics dimension to water use. The results show that the levels of education and annual family income have positively affected households' decisions to get involved in the municipal water quality projects. In addition, the degree of public awareness has a significant impact on shaping the households' decisions.


Copyright © 2014, Health Promotion Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most prominent occupational diseases in all regions of the world which could be caused by exposure to loud sounds or noise at a work in wide spectrum of industries. Globally, it is accounting for 16% of the disabling hearing loss in adults (over 4 million DALYs) with a range of 7% to 21% in the differentsubregions(1,2). It has been estimated that more than 30 million workers in the United States of America and around 30 millions of people in European courtiers are exposed to loud sounds (defined as hazardous by WHO) which might result in hearing loss(3). Occupations at highest risk for NIHL include firemen, armed police, police motorcyclists, soldiers, construction and factory workers, printers, foundry workers, musicians, farmers, lorry drivers and miners. Noise is considered one of the most pervasive and harmful agents in crowded cities as well. In a study conducted in South Eastern city of Iran-Zahedan, approximately more than 80 % of the studied subjects ranked noise pollution too high at streets(4). Importantly, noise is no longer noticeable as the only source of work-related hearing loss and more attention is essential to the matter of joint risks for workers exposed to hazardous noise with work-related substances. Most threshold limit values are established for a single chemical substance and a single physical agent(5). However, the work environment is often composed of multiple chemical agent exampletoluene, styrene and benzene exposures and physical exposure such as noise, vibration and other stress. There is some evidence that employees exposed to the chemical substances suffered significantly from hearing impairment whereas noise levels were considerably lower than their corresponding individuals. The harmful effect of a chemical substance on ear function was first described by the Persian philosopher Avicenna (Abu Ali alHusaynibnAbd-AllahibnSinaBalkhi). He notified in his Canon of Medicine that using mercury vapor for treatment of head lice could causedeafness in patients(6). Accordingly, workers at the abovementioned occupations might be possibly exposed to multiple agents simultaneously. Ar ch ive of S ID


Volatile organic compounds detection technology, electronic nose, is promising in various applications such as health management, environmental monitoring, public safety, agriculture, and food production. The critical point of electronic nose to achieve good recognition ability, the fundament for applications, is the generation of high-quality signal characteristics that are transduced from each sensor unit, and aided with algorithm. However, chamber without uniform fluidic state introduce sensors' locations caused artificial characteristics to make the recognition difficult, even incredible. Inspired by the structure of the nasal cavity, a small volume chamber with well-controlled fluidic behavior is designed and fabricated according to theoretical simulation. All the expected fluidic features, including uniform flow field and concentration field, are achieved, which are experimentally demonstrated by humidity and 2-hexanone detection using sensors arrays. The well controlled fluidic behaviors of volatile analytes help achieving the ultra-sensitive volatile organic compounds detection, which might shed a new light for e-nose technology to go over the gap between academics and industry.


The ice induced vibration of the structure is the main damage to offshore jacket platform in Bohai heavy icing waters. The anti-ice structure is installed on the legs of offshore jacket platform in Bohai heavy icing waters and the problem of ice induced vibration is solved in the main. The article introduces the basic theory and design method of anti-ice structure, analyses the design practices of typical anti-ice structure, and gives advice to the design of anti-ice structure and offshore jacket platform in Bohai heavy icing waters.


'Broccolo fiolaro' (Brassica oleracea L. convar. Italica) is a typical vegetable produced in a restricted hill country area around Creazzo (Vicenza) in north-eastern Italy. The cultivation of this vegetable dates back several centuries ago, but a very few farms are still involved in the production. 'Broccolo fiolaro' is a variety of broccoli highly valued for its agronomic and organoleptic features. Four 'Broccolo fiolaro' selections were characterized by simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and compared with other five cultivated varieties of broccoli of the Italica group in order to reconstruct their genetic structure and evaluate the degree of similarity among and within populations. The analysis of 12 SSR polymorphic loci pointed out a low genetic variability among the four 'Broccolo fiolaro' selections. Moreover, the whole 'Fiolaro' group showed significant differentiation from the other broccoli cultivars and could be easily distinguished by cluster analysis. An assignment test on ~30 genotyped plants randomly chosen from each broccoli population correctly recognized the proper accession 88% of the time, proving this method to be useful for cultivar identification.


There have been increasingly large deployments of radiation detection networks that require computationally fast algorithms to produce prompt results over ad-hoc sub-networks of mobile devices, such as smart-phones. These algorithms are in sharp contrast to complex network algorithms that necessitate all measurements to be sent to powerful central servers. In this work, at individual sensors, we employ Wald-statistic based detection algorithms which are computationally very fast, and are implemented as one of three Z-tests and four chi-square tests. At fusion center, we apply the K-out-of-N fusion to combine the sensors' hard decisions. We characterize the performance of detection methods by deriving analytical expressions for the distributions of underlying test statistics, and by analyzing the fusion performances in terms of K, N, and the false-alarm rates of individual detectors. We experimentally validate our methods using measurements from indoor and outdoor characterization tests of the Intelligence Radiation Sensors Systems (IRSS) program. In particular, utilizing the outdoor measurements, we construct two important real-life scenarios, boundary surveillance and portal monitoring, and present the results of our algorithms.


The primary task of marine surveillance is to construct a perfect marine situational awareness (MSA) system that serves to safeguard national maritime rights and interests and to maintain blue homeland security. Progress in maritime wireless communication, developments in artificial intelligence, and automation of marine turbines together imply that intelligent shipping is inevitable in future global shipping. Computer vision-based situational awareness provides visual semantic information to human beings that approximates eyesight, which makes it likely to be widely used in the field of intelligent marine transportation. We describe how we combined the visual perception tasks required for marine surveillance with those required for intelligent ship navigation to form a marine computer vision-based situational awareness complex and investigated the key technologies they have in common. Deep learning was a prerequisite activity. We summarize the progress made in four aspects of current research: full scene parsing of an image, target vessel re-identification, target vessel tracking, and multimodal data fusion with data from visual sensors. The paper gives a summary of research to date to provide background for this work and presents brief analyses of existing problems, outlines some state-of-the-art approaches, reviews available mainstream datasets, and indicates the likely direction of future research and development. As far as we know, this paper is the first review of research into the use of deep learning in situational awareness of the ocean surface. It provides a firm foundation for further investigation by researchers in related fields.


Abstract Richard Goldschmidt's research on homeotic mutants from 1940 until his death in 1958 represents one of the first serious efforts to integrate genetics, development, and evolution. Using two different models, Goldschmidt tried to show how different views of genetic structure and gene action could provide a mechanism for rapid speciation. Developmental systems were emphasized in one model and a hierarchy of genetic structures in the other. While Goldschmidt tried to find a balance between development and genetics, critics, such as Sewall Wright, urged him and eventually helped him incorporate population dynamics into his models as well. As such, the history of Goldschmidt's research on homeotic mutants highlights the continuing challenge of producing a balanced and integrated developmental evolutionary genetics.


A complete procedure for the whining noise computation of a planetary gear set induced by the multi-mesh excitations is presented. This procedure is divided into three main steps. First, the parametrical internal excitations are simultaneously characterized by considering all contacts at the multiple gear meshes. Secondly, a finite element model of the planetary gear set is built. Finally, the coupled equations of motion are projected onto the modal basis and the stationary dynamic response is computed using an iterative spectral method.


Remote Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RPCVD), which involves nonthermal, remote plasma excitation of precursors, has been demonstrated to be a novel and attractive technique for low temperature (150-450C) Si and Si l-x Ge x epitaxy for applications in Si ULSI and novel Si heterostructure devices which require compact doping profiles and/or heterointerfaces. An in situ low temperature remote hydrogen plasma clean in the Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) deposition chamber in order to achieve a chemically passive, hydrogenated Si surface with minimal O, C and N contamination, is a critical component of the process. The ex situ wet chemical cleaning consists of ultrasonic degreasing and a modified RCA clean, followed by a final dilute HF dip. The in situ clean is achieved by remote plasma excited H, where H introduced through the plasma column is r-f excited such that the plasma glow does not engulf the wafer. In situ AES analysis shows that the remote H plasma clean results in very substantial reduction of the C, O and N contamination on the Si surface. We believe that the H plasma produces atomic H which, in turn, produces a reducing environment and has a slight etching effect on Si and SiO 2 by converting them to volatile byproducts. TEM analysis of the wafers subjected to this clean indicate that defect-free surfaces with dislocation loop densities below TEM detection limits of 10 5 /cm 2 are achievable. Corroborating evidence of achieving an atomically clean, smooth Si surface by remote H plasma clean as obtained from in situ RHEED analysis will also be presented. After in situ H cleaning at low pressures (45 mTorr), typically for 30 min. at a substrate temperature of 310 C, we observe both stronger integral order streaks compared to the as-loaded sample and the appearance of less intense half-order lines indicative of a (2 × 1) reconstruction pattern, indicating a monohydride termination. A (3 × 1) reconstruction pattern is observed upon H plasma clean at lower temperatures (250 C), which can be attributed to an alternating monohydride and dihydride termination. Results of air exposure of hydrogenated Si surfaces by AES analysis indicate that the (3 × l) termination is chemically more inert towards readsorption of C and 0. Successful Si homoepitaxy and Si/Si l-x Ge x heteroepitaxy under a variety of surface cleaning conditions prove that by a combination of these cleaning techniques, and by exploiting the inertness of the H-passivated Si surface, very low defect density films with 0 and C levels as low as 1X10 18 cm −3 and 5×10 17 cm −3 , respectively, can be achieved.


We propose two algorithms for sparse polynomial factorization over integers. The first one has good practical performance and is efficient for factoring polynomials with sparse irreducible factors. The second one is based on the effective Hilbert irreducibility theorem and has complexity polynomial in the sizes of the input and output, and the partial degree. At high level, the algorithms follow the standard approaches by reducing multi-variate polynomial factorization to univariate or bivariate polynomial factorization. Our main contributions are twofold. First, a new variable substitution is given, which reduces the multi-variate polynomial to a separated one, that is, the coefficients of its factors in a main variable are monomials. Second, "good" primes are selected such that the multi-variate factors can be recovered from the univariate or bivariate factors by direct division of the primes. As a consequence, the multivariate Hensel lifting in previous methods is avoided.


The invention relates to a three-purpose solar energy system for steam, power generation and heat storage. The system comprises a solar energy collector, a heat storage tank, an electromagnetic heater, a steam generator, a water storage tank, a softened water tank, a temperature difference power generator, a power storage battery, an inverter, a remote controller, a plurality of valves and two pumps. The three-purpose solar energy system can be used for providing solar steam, storing heat and supplying power to an industrial user of which a usage temperature is below 200 DEG C, all parts are mature products produced industrially, the three-purpose solar energy system is low in cost and is convenient to use and maintain, and a set of solar energy system for steam, power generation and heat storage which is efficient and is low in cost is provided for energy saving, emission reduction, clean production of China.


The rapid development of the network technology, especially that of the fieldbus, is changing the traditional control system. In order to solve the problem of the linkage synchronization and the network data transmission of the Multi-Ac Servo system, we recently designed a CAN bus protocol named CANServo. It is a high-level protocol of CAN bus , it is used to replace traditional parallel data transmission between NC and servos. In this study, we described the method to solve the synchronization problem, the setting up of the communications, the strategy of dynamic reorganization of priorities, the structure of the buffer track and the operation of the track. In the end, we illustrated the results of the experiment which the correctness of our design can be proved by.


In public service it is important to make regular records on the perception that users have about quality, one of the purposes being the continuous improvement of institutions. The State of Veracruz is one of the five entities with the highest flow rates but with a lower percentage of access to piped water. Conagua determined that there is a lag in this aspect. In addition, discontent of the population was observed through protests in Xalapa city, exposing problems for the collection of tariffs and lack of supply, so that it was considered pertinent to register the opinions through surveys, to gather the necessary data and to get the results to the responsible institutions. The methodology used was a probabilistic sampling and the information processing was made with the statistical program for the social sciences, finding that the opinion studies provide enough current and real data to evaluate services in a given community, in this case, citizenship regardless of the level of marginalization, considers acceptable the service provided qualifying it from regular to good.


INTRODUCTION Recently, science and education, which generate new knowledge and provide training of highly qualified workers for enterprises and organizations of the industry, have been increasingly important in the development of the economy of the maritime economic complex (MEC) of the country. It is new knowledge that is becoming an important component of the modern economy. The development of information technology, the increasing role of the scientific and technological process, the globalization of the world economy require the introduction of new approaches and methods in management. In modern business conditions, business structures that use new economic approaches in organizing their activities become successful. Such structures most often contain their own research centres, which provide scientific support for their activities, and work closely with educational institutions, within which training and retraining of personnel for the participants of these structures is carried out. To the fullest extent, the requirements of this interaction are met by such a relatively new form of association of enterprises and organizations for Ukraine as clusters that have been functioning effectively for a long time not only in industrialized countries, but also in developing economies. Clusters arise at the national, sectoral, regional and municipal levels. The range of forms and types of cluster structures is extremely wide. This creates significant difficulties in the formation of the maritime cluster in a particular region and requires serious research work in this area.


Abstract
Countries across the Pacific are going through significant educational reforms. One of the most significant reforms within the education sector relates to education of children with disabilities. There is a push at the regional level to include students with disabilities in mainstream schools. Many countries are in the process of either revising existing policies or drafting new policy documents to implement inclusive education practices. One group of stakeholders that is going to be directly influenced by the policies is the families of children with disabilities. No attempts have been made to understand what parents think about the new policy directions. In this chapter, we make an attempt to present parental perspective about inclusive education from four countries of the Pacific (Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu). We believe understanding parental perspectives about inclusive education from the Pacific will shed some light on how likely the new reform will be embraced by them. It will also identify any significant issues of concern that may need to be considered for successful implementation of inclusive education reform in the Pacific.


This paper provides an introduction to a support vector machine, a new kernel-based technique introduced in statistical learning theory and structural risk minimization, then presents a modeling-control framework based on SVM.At last a numerical experiment is taken to demonstrate the proposed approach's correctness and effectiveness.


It provides a precursor composition peracids LIQUID STABLE FOR THE LIBERATION OF A BLEACH MATERIAL AND CLEANER in which the precursor composition peracids LIQUIDS COMBINES a dispersion medium comprising an amount effective stabilizing a binder liquid and an emulsifier, and a phase of dispersion comprising a precursor peracid. BLEACH CLEANER MATERIAL AND UNDERSTANDS a mono- or DIPEROXIACIDO GENERATED HYDROPHOBIC O hydrotropic, or mixtures thereof.


The examination of gills of the Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 which were collected from Al-Graiat location on the Tigris river at Baghdad province during the period from July 2015 until the end of March 2016, resulted recording of the ciliophoran Tripartiella rhombi Shtein, 1961 for the first time in Iraq. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as its illustrations were given. With this record, two of Tripartiella species so far recorded from C. carpio as well as of all other Iraqi fishes.


980-nm substrate-emitting oxidized-aperture VCSELs with threshold currents in the 150 /spl mu/A to 500 /spl mu/A range have been developed for optoelectronic interconnects. 8/spl times/8 VCSEL arrays with 125 /spl mu/m pitch have been flip-chip bonded to CMOS driver circuitry having 0.5 /spl mu/m gate size. InGaAs/InP 8/spl times/8 detector arrays have been flip-chip bonded to provide good responsivity and high speed detection in dense arrays with 125 /spl mu/m pitch. Data rates as high as 1.1 Gb/s have been demonstrated with the incorporation of refractive coupling optics between transmitter and receiver arrays. Studies have been conducted of crosstalk and alignment sensitivity of these optoelectronic interconnect arrays. Design and modeling techniques have been demonstrated for the development of diffractive optics for optoelectronic interconnects. Special techniques have been developed to deal with very short working distances and subwavelength feature in the diffractive optics. Fan-out performance up to 7/spl times/7 with accurately controlled intensity weights has been demonstrated with diffractive optics. The use of diffractive optics in optoelectronic interconnects with fan-out and/or fan-in can make the interconnect an integral part of the optoelectronic processing algorithm.


The seismicity of Italy between April 16, 2005 and December 31, 2010 is investigated by means of the visibility graph method. The degree distribution of the magnitude point process is power-law–shaped. The method does not seem to detect time-clustering structures in the magnitude point process. The degree distribution does not change significantly with the increase of the magnitude threshold from 1.9 to 3.5. The exponent of the degree distribution shows a certain stability vs. the threshold magnitude, ranging between 3.00 and 3.25, with mean value 3.11±0.06.


We carried out a discriminant analysis with identity by descent (IBD) at each marker as inputs, and the sib pair type (affected‐affected versus affected‐unaffected) as the output. Using simple logistic regression for this discriminant analysis, we illustrate the importance of comparing models with different number of parameters. Such model comparisons are best carried out using either the Akaike information criterion (AIC) or the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). When AIC (or BIC) stepwise variable selection was applied to the German Asthma data set, a group of markers were selected which provide the best fit to the data (assuming an additive effect). Interestingly, these 25–26 markers were not identical to those with the highest (in magnitude) single‐locus lod scores. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In order to study the geodynamics of the Tianshan orogenic belt(TOB),a large amount of works for probing the deep structure of the TOB have been conducted in this area since 1970s,and abundant achievements have been acquired.The purpose of this paper is to summarize these works and achievements.The study results show that: The crust of the TOB is relatively thicker and there is not a clear mountain root.The crustal structure is characterized by the vertically layering and the laterally blocking.The crust-mantle boundary is not clear and the Moho is dislocated beneath the basin-range junction zones.The low-velocity anomalies commonly existing in the crustal interior and the relatively higher crustal Possion's ratio imply the mechanical weakness of the crust.Velocity anomalies also exist in the upper mantle,the low ones are likely to be related to the upwelling of the hot mantle materials and the high ones may be the lithospheric detachment fragments of the age-old plates.The dislocation of the Moho,the Q-value structure and the velocity anomalies can be interpreted by the underthrusting of the stable rigid geological blocks to the TOB from the south and the north,and this interpretion is also evidenced by the high-resolutional tomographic images.The shear wave splitting results imply that the upper mantle involved in the orogen movement is considerablely thick.The above knowledge suggests that the deformation and the uplift of the TOB are resulted from the combined actions of the tectonic compression of the southern and northern stable blocks and the complex crust-mantle coupling.


In this paper, measuring equipment for arcs which are caused by losing contact between a pantograph and a catenary in the electric train, TTX, was designed and we actually measured arcs of current and voltage at 2007. 5. 16 ~ 17, 2007. 5. 31, 2007. 6. 18 - 19 and 2007. 6. 30 ~ 31, a total of 4 times. The FFT tool was made by LabVIEW software and the actually measured arc data were analyzed by the FFT tool. The analysis result showed that the arc current and voltage contains much harmonic, so we must consider problems of EMS and EMI in the main circuit system of the electric train, TTX.


This paper presents kinematic data on the cervical and upper thoracic spine, based on measurements made on 20 Scandinavian healthy, female volunteers, aged 22-58 years (mean age 40.4). The aim was to provide anatomical in vivo data, primarily intended as data for biomechanical modelling of the upper spine. Together with the measurements of standard anthropometric body dimensions, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to capture the inner anatomy for each subject. A rigid linkage system is described for the vertebrae C1 –Tvi, with one link per vertebra. Measurements include link lengths, link rotations, and antero-posterior endpoints of the spinous process. Furthermore, correlation coefficients are calculated between link lengths and anthropometric measurements. Also presented are regression equations for each link length, with stature as a predictor. Using additional images of lower accuracy, a sub-study (N=15) investigated possible differences in link length and link rotation between non-flexion and maximum-flexion of the neck. The differences in link lengths were significant (p>0.05) for only 1 of 16 measured links (Cii-Tx). Regarding link rotation, differences were significant for 4 links (Cv–T1). Finally, the precision of the results was evaluated using two methods: by using a phantom for determining the geometrical uncertainties caused by the scanner; and by comparing results between two repeated measurement rounds. The phantom test revealed that the pixel resolution and magnetic field inhomogenities had only a minor influence on the results. The comparisons of repeated measurements revealed a significant difference for the links Ci and Cii, indicating that the landmarks for determining the occipital and Ci/Cii joints were the most difficult to identify on the images. (Less)


Patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) who lack functional SLAM-associated protein (SAP) have both impaired NKT cells development and progressive agammaglobulinemia. We report that α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) activated NKT cells positively regulate antibody responses to haptenated protein antigens at multiple checkpoints, including germinal center formation and affinity maturation. NKT cell-dependent B cell responses were absent in SAP-/-.B6 mice that lack NKT cells. However, the small number of SAP-deficient NKT cells in SAP-/-.BALB/c mice adjuvated antibody production, but not the germinal center reaction. To test the hypothesis that SAP-deficient NKT cells can facilitate humoral immunity, SAP was deleted post-development in SAPfl/fl.tgCreERT2.B6 mice. These animals have normal numbers of SAP-deficient NKT cells, which efficiently support early antibody responses in the presence of αGalCer. NKT cell help during late responses does not depend upon the NKT cell intrinsic expression of SAP, provided that the conventional T cells express the adapter, as judged by adoptive transfer experiments. Thus, SAP-dependent signaling is only critical for those NKT-helper functions that act via CD4+ T cells. We conclude that SAP expression in NKT cells is dispensable for their ability to help antibody production, which suggests that residual NKT cells might contribute to the variable dysgammaglobulinemia in XLP patients.


Abstract : We present a full-bandstructure calculation of temperature- and wavelength-dependent two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficients and free-carrier absorption (FCA) cross sections in InAs, InSb, Hg1-xCdxTe alloys. Although the wavelength dependence of the TPA coefficients agrees well with widely used analytical expression, our calculated values are smaller by a factor of 1.2 to 2.5. In addition, the TPA coefficient depends sensitively on the photoexcited carrier density in small gap materials. The FCA is found to be due predominantly to holes. The FCA cross section is independent of the carrier density, but strongly dependent on the temperature. The calculated coefficients and lifetimes are fitted to closed-form expressions and used in solving the rate equations to obtain the transmitted pump and probe intensities as functions of incident intensity and sample thickness. The calculated pump transmission and time-dependent probe transmission in InAs agree very well with the measured values.


The article deals with the issue of disenfranchisement of rural residents in the second half of the 1920s on the territory of Eastern Siberia. The author came to the conclusion that the disenfranchise-ment of citizens of the country for economic, social and political reasons, as one of the measures of administrative influence, affected a significant part of the population of Eastern Siberia, and was also one of the main mechanisms of the Soviet government to control undesirable social groups


Numerous military platforms (land, sea and air) feature serial data bus technology based on the US MIL-STD-1553B data bus standard for integration of their digital systems. Many of these platforms have 15-20 years of operational life remaining, but the installed 1553B data buses (data networks) having only a 1Mbit/sec transfer rate are unable to meet many of the future data networking requirements. Research into new, higher performance data networks has concentrated on modern alternatives with throughput increases of two to three orders of magnitude (100Mbit/sec to 1Gbit/sec). These are generally based on modern commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) standards, good examples being Ethernet and Fibre Channel. Some are already being employed in military platforms having been ruggedised for the harsh physical and electro-magnetic environment. However these COTS systems while being a natural choice for new platforms may not be cost effective for upgrading older platforms. This paper plots the history of MIL-STD-1553, possibly the most successful military platform standard of all time, and discusses some of the options for increasing its performance and economically extending its life into the future.


The aim. Study of the state of the microcirculatory bed in patients with late syphilis with the aim of timely correction of vascular complications of the disease. The results. A clinical case from the practice of dermatovenerologist doctors is given. Conclusions. The key goal of preventing a severe course of syphilis should be to stabilize the microcirculatory channel. For the timely detection of vascular disorders, it is sufficient to determine the perfusion index by pulse oximetry.


: This study investigated the word processing and data management skills needed by secretaries for effective performance in tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were also tested in the study. The design of the study was descriptive survey research design. The sample of the study comprised two hundred (200) secretaries from the tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State. Questionnaire was designed to obtain information from the respondents. Reliability of the instrument was carried out using cronbach alpha which gave a reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data were analysed using mean and t-test. Mean was used to answer all the research questions and standard deviation was used to explain how the responses of the secretaries varied. Hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study showed that secretaries in Tertiary Institutions in Ebonyi State highly needed word processing and database management skills for effective secretarial performance. The results also show that there was a significant difference in the word processing and data management skills needed by secretaries based on type of institution. There was also a significant difference in the mean responses of male and female secretaries on the word processing and data management skills needed by this group for effective secretarial performance. The educational implication of the study is that it will make secretaries become aware of their areas of deficiencies and the type and level of training they require for effective secretarial performance.


Drilling heterogeneous and abrasive sandstone reservoirs horizontally with conventional PDC bits pose significant challenges due to early worn out cutters requiring multiple bit trips. This negatively impacts rate of penetration (ROP) resulting in excessive time to drill and complete horizontal sections. This paper describes how the use of rolling cutter PDC bit technology, can overcome this challenge by improving ROP to drill the entire section in optimal time.
 A detailed analysis of historic drilling parameters and bit dull gradings in the field showed that abrasive wear and chipping on bit shoulders was the most common dull characteristic causing reduced ROP performance and requiring a BHA trip for the bit change-out. To address the challenge, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to identify the locations of high cutter wear. Subsequently, a new bit design with fully rotating cutters strategically placed at high bit wear locations was developed. The new design ensures that the wear on diamond cutter faces is minimized, and prolongs bit life durability.
 In order to test the efficiency of the bit, it was run on a motorized rotary steerable (MRSS) assembly to drill one of the horizontal sections with abrasive sandstone. The bit drilled the entire horizontal length of around 4000 ft in a single run. Previous bit designs drilled through similar reservoirs with multiple conventional PDC bits, or in the best-case scenario, with low ROP in a single bit run. The new bit design achieved unprecedented results by delivering ROP performance with an increase of 100% compared to the average bit run. This improved performance eliminated the risk of extended open hole exposure which often leads to wellbore instability induced by reactive shales, further warranting a dedicated reaming trip. Historic analysis also determined that conventional PDC bits fitted with premium cutters uses only a small portion of the diamond table to contact the formation. Once the diamond table on the cutters face gets worn or chipped, the drilling efficiency is compromised. These worn flat cutters generate a high degree of frictional heat while drilling through the abrasive sandstone, which breaks down the diamond bond. The new bit design with fully rotating cutter technology does not face the same challenge.
 The paper will also discuss how precise positioning of the diamond cutting elements relative to contact with the formation is a prime concept to achieve efficient element rotation in order to keep the elements sharp for long intervals. As a result, roller diamond element bit durability is sustained and drilling run length is increased in comparison to conventional fixed cutter bits.


Logic replication, the duplication of logic in order to limit communication between partitions, is an effective part of a complete partitioning solution. In this paper we seek a better understanding of the important issues in logic replication. By developing new optimizations to existing algorithms we are able to significantly improve the quality of these techniques, achieving up to 12.5% better results than the best existing replication techniques. When integrated into our already state-of-the-art partitioner we improve overall cutsizes by 37.8%, while requiring the duplication of at most 7% of the logic.


This paper reviews various operation techniques for reducing noise nuisance. Of these, some have already been implemented and, where there is no associated penalty in terms of operational safety, further improvement can be confidently expected. In other cases, significant cost is involved and it is necessary to demonstrate conclusively that safety standards will not be impaired. The provision of adequate data to demonstrate the safety of these operations and, in some cases, the development of new equipment, means that such techniques can only be introduced, if ever, on a protracted time-scale. Perhaps the most promising technique, which is applicable even to the latest "quiet" aircraft, involves continuous descent from the stack to touchdown. This is already being adopted by many airlines and, together with the proper management of drag which is closely associated with this procedure, could result in some alleviation in the comparatively near future.


(1) Background: During the COVID-19 outbreak in the Lazio region, a surge in emergency medical service (EMS) calls has been observed. The objective of present study is to investigate if there is any correlation between the variation in numbers of daily EMS calls, and the short-term evolution of the epidemic wave. (2) Methods: Data from the COVID-19 outbreak has been retrieved in order to draw the epidemic curve in the Lazio region. Data from EMS calls has been used in order to determine Excess of Calls (ExCa) in the 2020–2021 years, compared to the year 2019 (baseline). Multiple linear regression models have been run between ExCa and the first-order derivative (D') of the epidemic wave in time, each regression model anticipating the epidemic progression (up to 14 days), in order to probe a correlation between the variables. (3) Results: EMS calls variation from baseline is correlated with the slope of the curve of ICU admissions, with the most fitting value found at 7 days (R2 0.33, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: EMS calls deviation from baseline allows public health services to predict short-term epidemic trends in COVID-19 outbreaks, and can be used as validation of current data, or as an independent estimator of future trends.


This study reports the fabrication and structural characterization of novel ternary hierarchical carbon nanofibers (CNFs) surface-grafted with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and then coated with conductive polymer. During the process, CNFs were produced by carbonization of aselectrospun polyacrylonitrilenanofibers with the diameter of ~200-400 nm, followed by CNT-growth via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Ultrathin PANI film was further deposited onto the porous CNT-grafted CNFs via in-situ polymerization of anilines in aqueous solution. Such nanostructures can be used as electrodes for use in supercapacitors, in which the PANI films supported by conductive CNT/CNF scaffolds can trigger favorable pseudocapacitive effect and meanwhile the carbon substrate keeps low electrical resistance during cycling. These unique hierarchal nanostructures are excellent candidates for use as electrodes in high-performance supercapacitors for energy storage and management.


The hydrolysis of the amide linkage of 2′-phosphonobenzanilide, 1, occurs with nucleophilic assistance from the adjacent phosphonic acid moiety. The basic component of buffers in acidic solutions p...


Eighteenth-century Germany was strongly oriented towards Britain as a model of political, economic and cultural progress. The admiration for all things British was a Continental phenomenon, and Anglophilia extended to a number of aspects of everyday life.

Britsh literature had a significant impact on German literature. The first German woman novelist, Sophie von La Roche, was influenced by British works in much of her writing. Her first novel, Geschichte des Frauleins von Sternheim (1771), exhibits this Anglophilia in that it is directly modelled on Samuel Richardson's Clarissa (1747–8) and that the theme of Englishness constitutes one of the driving forces of the plot. This paper argues that La Roche subtly uses authentic and entertaining expressions of Anglophilia in order to pursue a didactic interest, moral instruction.


The main individualist objection to collectivism is that group interests, and group action, are incompatible with the recognition of individual interests. The interests of individuals will always diverge from the interests of the group, and consequently groups can only subsist by repressing individual interests. The formal 'proofs' of this are questionable; people's behaviour is socialised, and people can and do collaborate for mutual benefit. Cooperation is both a means to common ends and an end in itself. Asserting the rights of individuals may lead to circumstances where majorities have to accede to minorities, but the converse may also be true: sometimes minorities have to respect the rights of majorities.


The classical hypervirial relations are considered in considerably more detail than in any previous publication. Many examples are given of the calculation of average values of dynamical correlations and other statistical moments of the trajectories. It is shown that an approximate trajectory which satisfies a particular hypervirial relation is stable (or at least stationary) with respect to an infinitesimal contact transformation. Dedication The brilliant research of Wilhelm Jost and his keen insight into the nature of physical phenomena has served as an inspiration to many scientists throught the world. His research on flame propagation brought understanding where previously there had been chaos. He was one of the first to separate the chemical and the hydrodynamical problems. This made it possible to develop a rigorous theory of flame propagation. Then, too, Professor Jost's work on diffusion has served to stimulate both experimental and theoretical developments. I have the highest regard for Jost both as a scientist and as a man. On the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, I take great pleasure in dedicating this paper to him. I am truly hopeful that the hypervirial relations will prove useful in the hydrodynamics of combustion and detonation phenomena. They may also serve to explain diffusion phenomena. * This work was conducted under Contract DA—11—022—ORD—2526 of the United States Army Research Office (Durham). 168 Joseph O. Hirschfelder Introduci ion We have discovered1^3 an infinite family of dynamical relationships of which the usual virial theorem is a member. These relations, which apply equally well in classical and in quantum mechanics, are called the hypervirial theorems. If IT is a function of the coordinates and momenta, bounded for the motion under consideration, then the classical hypervirial theorem states that the time average of the Poisson Bracket (H, W) is zero. Correspondingly, the quantum mechanical hypervirial theorem states that for a stationary energy state of a bound system, the expectation value of the commutator ~ [H,W] is zero. The present report concerns the classical relations. The quantum mechanical relations have been considered in published papers1-3 and some new developments will be given in a subsequent report. [. Classical hvpervirial relations1-1 Consider a classical mechanical system having a set of generalized orthogonal curvilinear coordinates qv . . . , qn and their conjugate momenta p1; . . . , pn. Let IT be a function of the p's and ^'s which is uniquely defined by the state of the system and which remains finite for all configurations of the system consistent with the prescribed constants of motion and boundary conditions. Since angle variables are only defined to within a modulus, W could not be proportional to an angle variable but it could be proportional to the sine of an angle variable. We shall call W the hypervirial generator function. Then, taking the time derivative of W, dW dt Now let us define the time average of a quantity G Non-periodic motion G = lim


A novel tunable triple band-notch vivaldi antenna which can also be reconfigured as a tunable narrow band antenna is proposed in this paper. The triple band notch characteristic is obtained by placing three split ring resonators (SRR) on the slotline and tuning it using a varactor diode. A tuning range from 800 MHz-1.1 GHz is contributed by each of the three varactor loaded SRRs yielding an overall tuning range of 3.5 GHz. The gain of the standalone Vivaldi is around 6-7 dBi in the entire Ultra wide Band (UWB) spectrum. The same antenna is reconfigured into narrowband antenna by introducing switches on the slotline above the SRR. This reconfigurable antenna is suitable for both underlay and interweave spectrum access in Cognitive Radio.


The absorption performance of low-partial-pressure H2S in a monoethanolamine (MEA)-activated N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solution was investigated. The absorption amount (in mass, g H2S/g solutions) and H2S loadings (mol H2S/(mol MEA + mol MDEA)) were measured, and the apparent absorption rate was determined from the time-dependent absorption capacity. Experimentally, the temperature and partial pressure of H2S (PH2S) ranged from 303.2 to 323.2 K and from 300 to 500 Pa, respectively. The mass fractions of MDEA (wMDEA) and MEA (wMEA) ranged from 0.30 to 0.50 and from 0 to 0.075, respectively. The temperature, wMDEA, wMEA, and PH2S dependencies of the absorption performance were analyzed. It is impressive that the addition of MEA significantly enhanced the absorption amount of H2S yet slightly influenced the apparent absorption rate. In addition, a tray column consisting of six plates was used to verify the removal efficiency of low-partial-pressure H2S (PH2S = 500 Pa) and the results showed that ...


Eleven substances related to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) were tested in guinea pig skin for protection against the epilating action of local 800-r doses of 50-kv x irradiation. The substances were injected intraperitoneally in 15-mg doses and their protective effects compared with those of serotonin. Some protection was afforded by 5-hydroxytryptophan and tryptophan but to a less extent than serotonin. No anti-epilatory action was noted with the following: indole, 5-hydroxyindole, 5hydroxyindoleacetamide, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, tryptamine, psilocine (N,N-dimethyl-4hydroxytryptamine), and psilocybine (the phosphate derivative of the preceding compound). The only compound tested that showed protection equal to that of serotonin was bufotenine (N,N-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine). The results indicate that the protective action of serotonin is dependent upon both the phenolic hydroxyl group in position 5 and the primary amine, although dimethylation of the amine group does not impair activity. The radioprotective activity of some of these substances may depend upon their partial in vivo transformation to serotonin. (TCO)


Abstract The entry of enveloped virus requires the fusion of viral and host cell membranes. An effective fusion inhibitor aiming at impeding such membrane fusion may emerge as a broad‐spectrum antiviral agent against a wide range of viral infections. Mycobacterium survives inside the phagosome by inhibiting phagosome–lysosome fusion with the help of a coat protein coronin 1. Structural analysis of coronin 1 and other WD40‐repeat protein suggest that the trp‐asp (WD) sequence is placed at distorted β‐meander motif (more exposed) in coronin 1. The unique structural feature of coronin 1 was explored to identify a simple lipo‐peptide sequence (myr‐WD), which effectively inhibits membrane fusion by modulating the interfacial order, water penetration, and surface potential. The mycobacterium inspired lipo‐dipeptide was successfully tested to combat type 1 influenza virus (H1N1) and murine coronavirus infections as a potential broad‐spectrum antiviral agent.


This paper aims to develop a student worksheet based on e-learning on valid momentum and impulse material to build on the problem-solving abilities of students in MAN 3 Yogyakarta. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The instruments used include validation sheets and tests. Data in the form of feasibility of e-learning madrasah-based student worksheet to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Data collection methods used in this study contain expert validation, observation, pre-test, and post-test. Data analysis using the sign test. The results showed that 1) the development of e-learning based worksheets with momentum and impulse material was feasible in terms of the validation results. This can be seen from the results of expert validation that show the feasibility of e-learning-based worksheets in improving problem-solving abilities is in the very high category and 2) the effectiveness of using elearning-based worksheets, namely those developed based on the data obtained from the pretest and posttest results can improve solving abilities. problem in the implementation class. So that student worksheet developed based on e-learning madrasah is suitable for improving problem solving abilities.


The properties of phase escape in a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) at 25 mK, which is well below quantum-to-classical crossover temperature T(cr), in the presence of strong resonant ac driving have been investigated. The SQUID contains two Nb/Al-AlO(x)/Nb tunnel junctions with Josephson inductance much larger than the loop inductance so it can be viewed as a single junction having adjustable critical current. We find that with increasing microwave power W and at certain frequencies nu and nu/2, the single primary peak in the switching current distribution, which is the result of macroscopic quantum tunneling of the phase across the junction, first shifts toward lower bias current I and then a resonant peak develops. These results are explained by quantum resonant phase escape involving single and two photons with microwave-suppressed potential barrier. As W further increases, the primary peak gradually disappears and the resonant peak grows into a single one while shifting further to lower I. At certain W, a second resonant peak appears, which can locate at very low I depending on the value of nu. Analysis based on the classical equation of motion shows that such resonant peak can arise from the resonant escape of the phase particle with extremely large oscillation amplitude resulting from bifurcation of the nonlinear system. Our experimental result and theoretical analysis demonstrate that at T << T(cr), escape of the phase particle could be dominated by classical process, such as dynamical bifurcation of nonlinear systems under strong ac driving.


A simple configuration, to provide a size measuring device capable of measuring accurately the external size of the cube or a rectangular parallelepiped shape of the package. A camera for capturing the A package, and a touch panel provided on the screen which the package is displayed, the vertices three sides gather packages displayed on the screen, and three sides vertices of collecting in the apex user four points and the other ends of the opposite side is designated by the touch pen. Each designated point to set the peripheral region (A0, A1, A3, A5) of the outer circumference at a predetermined size, detects an edge corresponding to the edge of the package in each peripheral region, three sides in the peripheral region by obtaining the gathering point as the position of each vertex, the outer size of the package can be accurately determined lengths between each vertex as the length of the three sides. Furthermore, when performing an edge detection corresponding to the edge of the package, not the entire image may be performed with respect to a predetermined edge area can reduce the processing load. .FIELD 8


The receding globalization has reshaped the logistics industry, while the additional pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic has posed new difficulties and challenges as has the pressure towards sustainable development. Achieving the synergistic development of economic, social, and environmental benefits in the logistics industry is essential to achieving its high-quality development. Therefore, we propose a data-driven calculation, evaluation, and enhancement method for the synergistic development of the composite system of economic, social, and environmental benefits (ESE-B) of the logistics industry. Based on relevant data, the logistics industry ESE-B composite system sequential parametric index system is then constructed. The Z-score is applied to standardize the original index data without dimension, and a collaborative degree model of logistics industry ESE-B composite system is constructed to estimate the coordinated development among the subsystems of the logistics industry's ESE-B system. The method is then applied to the development of the logistics industry in Anhui Province, China from 2011 to 2020. The results provide policy recommendations for the coordinated development of the logistics industry. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for the sustainable development aspects of the logistics industry.


Consumer research examines how identities are forged through co-constituted marketplace resources (Arnould & Thompson, 2005) with consumers engaged in the production of desirable and expressive identities. Using a bespoke palette of terms, our work investigates how elderly consumers produce frail identities without the luxury of choice within elderly care environments.


Relative populations of excited states of He(I) in reduced-pressure ICPs have been shown to obey Fermi-Dirac statistical counting. A single thermodynamic temperature—2000 K—defines the distribution. The experimental relative populations and the Fermi-Dirac distributions agree within fractions of one percent.


Within the last year, Scotland's place in the history of photography has received a renewed scholarly attention and, one may say, not before time. In the vanguard of this modest resurgence of interest is Sara Stevenson's masterly work, The Personal Ar t of David Octavius Hill (Yale University Press, 2002), which examines the formative partnership between Edinburghbased artist D. O. Hill (1802-1870) and the young photographer Robert Adamson. Their collaboration, recently the subject of a major exhibition at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, produced a series of images that for the first time established Scotland and its people as a photographic subject of international significance. After Hill, the meaning of Scotland would never be the same again: the camera would become the apparatus that established the nation as a visual * truth'.


Biobutanol has been emerging as a renewable replacement to overcome fossil fuel limit due to its attractive qualities. The waste resources utilization is an economically feasible and eco-friendly way to produce biobutanol. In this work, the potential of butanol fermentation with sweet potato residue (SPR) obtained from ethanol fermentation was evaluated. To assist sugar release for butanol production by Clostridia acetobutylicum, a pretreatment approach with dilute sulfuric acid was established via response surface methodology. The maximum butanol concentration of 3.77 g/L was obtained at the optimal conditions of pretreatment at 1% (v/v) dilute sulfuric acid, and 115°C for 30 min. Detoxifying the hydrolysate with XAD-4 resin significantly enhanced butanol fermentation performance, while adding nutritional supplements had no significant influence. The stability of the fermentation process was verified by the 2 L-scale of fermentation, resulting in 7.96 g/L of butanol, 13.42 g/L h of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE), and 0.34 g/g of ABE yield, respectively. This study demonstrates a bio-refinery strategy of conversion from waste biomass to energy, confirms the feasibility of utilizing the cost saving SPR as feedstock to produce butanol through fermentation, and provides a novel approach for minimization of environmental pollution.


This article proposes a context-aware course-planning model for pervasive learning environments. The model considers learners' preferences, including their learning styles, locations, activities, and devices. The model generates four-dimensional contexts based on these preferences, each dimension being a weighted vector of visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic (VARK) features. Using a content-based similarity algorithm, the model adapts the course content to each learner's context. The courses are created in a sequence of rings, each containing all possible learning materials (LMs) that have the same content in different formats. Each LM is represented by a vector with weights like those of the learners' context dimensions. The model generates all possible plans based on the predefined contexts of the learner, detects the learner's actual context, and adapts the content accordingly. The goal of the model is to enable learners to learn what they want, in the way they prefer, and to complete courses efficiently, at any time, place, and during any activity, in the appropriate format.


ABSTRACT: Salmonella spp is a pathogen responsible for severe foodborne infections, can be introduced into the fish production chain through inadequate handling or hygiene or contact with contaminated water, and is not a biological contaminant originally reported in fish. Fish microbiological safety is a concern for consumers, industries and regulatory agencies worldwide, since fish, an important food category in the international trade and often exported to several countries, can act as a vehicle for Salmonella transmission throughout the production chain. In addition, concerns regarding the misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture are also an issue, as a result of the increased isolation of resistant and multiresistant Salmonella serovars. In this review, we examined aspects associated with the microbiological risks of the presence of Salmonella spp. in fish and their implication in the aquaculture production chain. In addition, incidence and antimicrobial resistance data are presented, as well as strategies for Salmonella prevention and control in fish.


Base salaries for all health care managers will rise an average of 4.0 to 4.5 percent from 1993 to 1994--less than in previous years. Why the slowdown?


For location-based services are widely used in tourism,query line,mobile location services and other occasions,using Android rich APIs,by applying Google Map API Key to call Google Map real-time,this paper designed and implemented a mobile terminal positioning software which can query latitude and longitude,while supporting switching map zoom,view features.Test results show that the software can accurately locate the target position,flexibly switch views and zoom view,and provide users with accurate and convenient location services.


Indonesia is rich of species diversity of indigenous fruits. The results of study reported that there are 266 species of indigenous fruits encountered in Indonesia and 62 species of them are cultivated. Four genera of indigenous fruits are recommended to developed in Indonesia, i.e. Durio, Mangifera, Garcinia and Nephelium. This study also reported that duku (Lansium domesticum), salak (Salacca zalacca), buah merah (Pandanus conoideus), and matoa (Pometia pinnata) have a good prospect also to be developed in Indonesia.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Species diversity, indigenous fruits, potential, conservation, Indonesia


The possibilities offered by the use of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in real-time monitoring provide interesting ways to ensure secure operation of power systems. This paper studies the specific case of voltage stability and the possible improvements to the Thevenin equivalent methods, which is applied generally with local measurements. This paper uses the PMU measurements to calculate the grid transformation coefficients to obtain wide-area information. This is achieved by studying the generator's electromotive force estimated using values in the coefficient transformation matrix. The improvements are tested in a small system and a through comparison with traditional Thevenin equivalent methods is carried out.


The invention relates to a method for determining and / or monitoring of the viscosity of a medium (2), wherein a mechanically oscillating unit (1), starting from an excitation signal is caused to oscillate and received wherein the unit (1) vibrations and be converted into a reception signal, wherein the natural frequency (ω In a second variant of the process, the decay behavior of the mechanically oscillating unit is evaluated. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for determining and / or monitoring of the viscosity.


'William Louis Beaufort was a good amateur watercolourist and the son of the map-maker, diarist and Rector of Navan and Collon, the Revd Daniel Augustus Beaufort. William Louis was a pupil in Bristol in 1782 of Nicholas Pocock and a Miss Simmonds and later in Dublin of a James George O'Brien. He painted watercolours on a large scale, such as this one and a view of the 'Falls at Doonas at Castleconnell'. These works have a marked blue tone and concentrate on the landscape, the buildings being far in the distance.' (Crookshank & Glin, Watercolours, 44) Avondale House, pictured here, was built in 1777 and designed by James Wyatt. It is surrounded by Avondale Forest Park, synonymous with the birth of Irish forestry, which is 500 acres of forests, paths and the River Avondale runs through it. Later, in 1846, Avondale House became the birthplace of Charles Stewart Parnell.


ABSTRACT Analogue tools offer distinct benefits for collaborative design ideation and can take a variety of tailored forms including card decks, templates, toys and board games. However, owing to the disparate and multidisciplinary sources of these tools, there is currently no easy way to gain a coherent view of the tool landscape. To resolve this, we conducted a survey of analogue ideation tools within the design and HCI literatures, and within commercial practice. Of 3,395 results, 76 met the inclusion criteria. The resulting collection is presented and classified according to 10 descriptors including a novel taxonomy for distinguishing 7 tool types (methods, prompts, components, concepts, stories, embodiment, and construction). We also discuss gaps and opportunities for future tool development in inclusivity, cultural-tailoring and embodiment. Our aim is to help designers and design teams more fluently select, customise, critique, analyse and/or build tools to support collaborative designerly inquiry.


On solid ground: Despite no obvious resemblance to adenosine analogues, the family of resorcyclic macrolides contains a high proportion of kinase and ATPase inhibitors. A solid-phase total synthesis of aigialomycin D extends the diversity of this class of natural product. Aigialomycin was found to inhibit CDK1/5 and GSK. EOM=ethoxymethyl.


An improved algorithm is presented to lighten the 3D polygon model,the algorithm is based on filtering the redundant geometric data and optimizeds the topology of the polygon.Comparing with other algorithms,the proposed method preserved the model's precision completely,and the output of the algorithm can easily be converted to other formats which supported by mainstream 3D modeling system,so this algorithm has the great application value.The result showsd the method has some obvious advantages such as fast processing speed and higher compression ratio.


Incorporating the fuzzy control and the neuron control, this paper has developed a new controller based on both fuzzy logic and neuron. This control strategy makes use of the characters of both fuzzy logic and neuron. The simulation results show that the new control method has better performance than that of the traditional PID control system, fuzzy control system and neuron self-adaptive control system.


As a result of the rapid dissemination of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in society, several researchers have observed opportunities for new means of citizen engagement through ICT use, in particular when the use is mediated by non-profit organizations. However, an opportunity remains to develop more systematic studies on the adoption of ICTs by non-profit organizations. Studies in the domain, which have often been disconnected from the development debate, have mostly been carried out in developed countries. This paper aims to operationalize the capability approach (CA) conceptual framework, as proposed by Amartya Sen, for the analysis of the data from the survey on ICTs in non-profit organizations from the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (CGI.br) that was conducted by the Regional Center for Studies on the Development of the Information Society (CETIC.br) in 2013. Although several infrastructural constraints hinder the use of ICTs, this paper indicates the importance of contextual considerations (such as organization size, geographic region, and nature of activity) in relation to the perception of positive and negative outcomes (achieved functionings). The use of ICTs for communication is also significantly linked to attitudes toward ICT and the perception of outcomes in non-profit organizations.


The multi-impulse and multi-criteria optimal trajectories of the spacecraft transfer between orbits of various types are considered. A practical goal is the inspection or service of a number of space objects moving along these orbits at the initial data set. It is required to define a set of the admissible solutions taking into account priorities and possible restrictions on time or on expenses of energy, and to choose the best of possible routes for successively visiting every object in the desired group.


AIMS
To examine: (i) the temporal changes in the management pattern; (ii) the reasons for any treatment disparities; (iii) the relationship between invasive treatment and outcome, among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with vs. without kidney dysfunction.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Canadian ACS I, ACS II registries and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) were prospective, multi-centre, observational studies of patients with ACS. From 1999 to 2007, non-ST elevation (NSTE) ACS patients were recruited in ACS I (n = 3295; 1999-2001), ACS II (n = 1956; 2002-2003), and GRACE (n = 6491; 2004-2007) in Canada. Using the four-variable Modified Diet in Renal Disease equation, we stratified the study population (n = 11,377) into three groups based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and examined their treatment and outcome. While in-hospital use of coronary angiography and revascularization increased over time in all groups (P < 0.001), patients with kidney dysfunction were less likely to undergo invasive management (P < 0.001). Unadjusted 1 year mortality was lower among patients receiving in-hospital coronary angiography within all eGFR categories (> or =60 mL/min/1.73 m(2): 2.5 vs. 7.6%, P < 0.001; 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2): 8.0 vs. 14.6%, P < 0.001; <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2): 27.5 vs. 41.5%, P = 0.043). In-hospital revascularization was independently associated with lower 1-year mortality (adjusted OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.77, P = 0.001), irrespective of eGFR (P for heterogeneity = 0.39). Underestimation of patient risk was the most common barrier to an invasive treatment strategy.

CONCLUSION
Despite temporal increases in invasive management of NSTE-ACS, patients with kidney dysfunction are more commonly treated conservatively, with an associated worse outcome. In-hospital revascularization was independently associated with improved survival, irrespective of eGFR. Randomized controlled trials involving patients with kidney dysfunction are needed to confirm whether more aggressive treatment will improve their poor outcome.


Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a well-described complication of positive-pressure mechanical ventilation and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn.' Although PIE is a common diagnosis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), we are not aware of any reports documenting its presentation in an outpatient setting.2 We present a case of PIE in a former premature infant that occurred 1 month after extubation and 1 week after discharge with no subsequent evidence of respiratory distress until presentation. This patient suggests that PIE can have an insidious onset and that a delayed presentation of PIE should be included in the differential for respiratory distress in a former preterm infant recovering from severe RDS even after hospital discharge.


Comparison of urinary catecholamine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (MHMA) excretions in established and suspected cases of pheochromocytoma demonstrated the confirmatory role of the MHMA test in diagnosis, and showed that in rare instances the excretion of MHMA may be elevated in association with an apparently normal output of catecholamines. A modification of published procedures for the estimation of urinary MHMA was employed. This method is suitable for multiple samples and is highly specific for MHMA. The adult normal range of excretion by this procedure was found to be 1.4 to 4.7 mg. per twenty-four hours.


Treatment of open apex cases with biodentine is promising over calcium hydroxide and alternative materials. The present case illustrates the successful management of teeth 11 and 21 with failed root canal treatment which was done so many years back with wide open apex. The apex of the tooth was sealed with biodentine to act as an apical barrier and to provide a platform for obturation, following canal cleaning with sodium hypochlorite and minimal biomechanical preparation. Intracanal medicament, calcium hydroxide was placed in both the tooth. Hand pluggers were used to compact biodentine to form an apical plug of adequate thickness. Thermoplasticized gutta percha was back filled or obturated in the remaining part of the radicular canal. One year follow-up revealed that the tooth was asymptomatic clinically as well as radiographically with the signs of healing and healing of periapical radiolucency supported the successful outcome results in the present case.


Objective:Observation three different air disinfection methods in the operating room air disinfection effect of the application,seeking the best operating room air disinfection method.Methods:Using three different air disinfection method to disinfect our hospital operating room,comparison of the three disinfection effect,different objects surface bac- teria monitoring results,and observed bacterial detection rate and the ratio.Results:After operating room air disinfection 30 minutes,dynamic machine disinfection of air-monitoring training aseptic rate 61.11%,significantly higher than UV light exposure method's 32.43% and chlorhexidine acetate spray method's 36.84%(P0.05);dynamic disinfection method of dis- infection different objects surface bacteria pass rate for bacterial monitoring was 100.00 %,significantly higher than UV light exposure method and chlorhexidine acetate spray method (P0.05);all kinds of bacteria than the detection rate and composition were also below the irradiation of UV light and chlorhexidine acetate spray method.Conclusion:Dynamic ma- chine disinfection method to overcome the traditional shortcomings of static disinfection methods,sterilization strong,good effect ,and better than other traditional method of disinfection,suitable for promotion of basic hospital operating room.


The process innovation of QB HOUSEs has made them outweigh the traditional barbershops. It significantly reduces both money cost and time cost on the customer side, and enables a smart increase in total revenue together with a decrease in average total cost at the firm side. The marketing slogan of "HK$60 for a just-cut of 10 minutes" captured the heart of the fast-paced Hong Kong people, and the just-cut barbershop industry has grown rapidly in the past decade. By using data and information collected by field observations and interviews, this study identified the keys leading to QB HOUSEs' success in Hong Kong. It also points out that although the market of just-cut barbershops has not yet saturated, further enhancement in service quality and marketing strategies are needed for sustainable growth.


Since after its implementation in New Zealand in 1990, the Inflation Targeting (IT) framework has been adopted by other countries around the world to ensure macroeconomic stability. However, the policy is yet to be massively embraced among the Sub-Saharan African economies. So far only Ghana and South Africa have successfully adopted the IT framework in the region. This study therefore, investigates whether the IT framework has effectively combat the ruin of foreign exchange rate in the two Sub-Saharan African IT economies. The paper employs Threshold Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (TGARCH) to account for asymmetric effect in the model. The finding of the paper shows that there is evidence of exchange rate volatility reduction in both Ghana and South Africa after the adoption of IT framework. The leverage effect coefficient reveals that the menace of exchange rate volatility is higher during bad periods than good periods at least for the sample timeframe. This implies that exchange rate depreciation leads to higher uncertainty compared to exchange rate appreciation in the sampled countries. However, the policy transition leads to increased exchange rate volatility in the economies. The paper recommends more accountability and transparency of the monetary authorities to further minimize the prevailing exchange rate volatility in the economies.


Abstract : In this effort, we considered the problem of classifying closely spaced UXO. When two UXO are in close proximity, their signatures as measured by electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors co-mingle, and traditional classification algorithms cannot be utilized. We explored the use of independent components analysis (ICA), a technique from the blind source separation (BSS) literature as a pre-processing step by which to separate the individual UXO signatures from the mixtures measured by the EMI sensor. Simulations indicated that this procedure could succeed and restore some level of classification performance in the case of overlapping signatures. Test-stand data also indicated that the ICA-based classification approach showed promise. Finally, testing the algorithms on data collected by NRL/WES suggested that in some cases ICA could be used as a preprocessing step and that closely-spaced UXO could be classified. During the course of this effort, several studies were performed to try to assess the limitations of the ICA-based approaches for discrimination of closely spaced objects. Correlation between object signatures can degrade performance, and alternate techniques based on ICA were considered as a remedy to this issue. Other issues including sampling density, noise susceptibility, and others were also investigated.


The manufacture of cement demands a lot of energy and gives off large amounts of CO 2 . Calcined clays need less energy and emit water instead of CO 2 , which has drawn attention to them, especially those rich in kaolinite. However, their use has been discouraged due to their location and high market price. Hence, the present study focuses on calcined clays with a low kaolinite content, specifically those derived from paragneiss. In Colombia they are located in weathering horizons with depths of up to 40 meters. The results showed contents of 20% Al 2 O 3 , less than 14% Fe 2 O 3 , more than 60% SiO 2 , less than 40% kaolinite, 20% illite and more than 30% quartz. Calcined at 750 °C, they were used in mortars, obtaining SAI values of between 80 and 100% after 28 days, which, added to the results of Frattini tests, show that their use as a supplementary cementing material is feasible.


We report here the prevalence of the tst-1 gene among 252 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates and 458 methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) isolates collected from 531 subjects between 2008 and 2017, one of which was recovered from a child with MRSA toxic shock syndrome. tst-1 was encoded by 43 (6%) S aureus isolates overall: 42 (16.7%) MSSA isolates and 1 (0.2%) MRSA isolate (P < .001).


Provenance evaluation is essential in identifying genotypes with superior seedling growth. The seedling performance of nine accessions of Vitellaria paradoxa obtained from Southern Guinea Savanna, Northern Guinea Savanna and the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria were investigated at two contrasting locations – Makurdi and Nsukka – between July 2006 and July 2007. Seedling emergence of the Makurdi trial was monitored while seedling growth at both sites was monitored at monthly intervals from the 6 to 12 month after sowing. Results of analysis of variance showed wide variation in emergence parameters with the Akwanga, Makurdi, Jalingo and Yola seed sources giving significantly higher emergence percentage (E %). Most accessions had emergence index (EI) values of 100 or more with corresponding high emergence rate index (ERI) scores. The main effect of location on seedling growth showed the superior performance of seedlings grown at Makurdi over those grown at Nsukka. There was a significant interaction between location and accession. Generally, while the Akwanga, Kachia and Yola provenances gave better seedling vigour at Makurdi, at Nsukka, it was Akwanga, Kachia and Jalingo suggesting the existence of genotype x environment interaction. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


In the ecosystem of scholar communication where the openess is taking increasingly decisive positions (plan S on publication in OA journals for Europe, unsubscription of the electronic collection of Elsevier by Sweden ...) journals face a new challenge: take on the publication of the research data underlying an article. In the latest survey of the Danish National Research Foundation (Open Access to data, 2017) 32% of researchers attach their data as supplementary material to the article and also previous works corroborate this preference (Piwowar and Chapman, 2010). The poster shows pros and cons of the supplementary-material-road
(NISO, 2013; Peset, 2018). To minimize the problems we advocate to deposit the data in a repository and establish a reciprocal link in the article. We are not aware of any systematic review of the technological solutions offered to journals to meet this challenge. The aim of this work is to offer comparative information on the solutions most integrated with journals (such as Dataverse, Figshare and Zenodo), with their functionalities and current prices.


Heidegger has never been the darling of analytic philosophy. From Carnap's (1931) dismissal of 'the nothing noths' and other remarks of Heidegger's as paradigmatic examples of the kind of nonsense produced by disreputable metaphysicians to Simon Blackburn's (2000) endorsement of, or at least sympathy for, the view of Heidegger as 'a dismal windbag, whose influence has been completely disastrous, and whose affinity with the Nazis merely indicates the vacuum where, in most other philosophers, there would have been a combination of common sense and common decency'. Of course there are exceptions to this trend, Ryle's (2009[1928]) review of Being and Time whilst frequently critical was also surprisingly sympathetic in places, and more recently a number of analytic metaphysicians – perhaps most prominently Kris McDaniel (2009, 2013) – have defended views with a distinctly Heideggerian flavour. Still, though, the prevailing attitude towards both the man and his work amongst those bearing the 'analytic' label has – on those rare occasions when they are considered at all – been one of either suspicion or outright hostility. It is no small task, then, which Joshua Tepley sets himself in his paper 'Properties of Being in Heidegger's Being and Time' when he aims to remove 'an impediment standing in the way of analytic philosophers taking Heidegger's philosophy more seriously' (2014, p. 477) and provide 'a new opportunity for dialogue between Heideggerians and analytic philosophers' (p. 462). In this paper I will briefly ask both whether he succeeds in this task and whether it is, ultimately, a task worth succeeding in. The majority of Tepley's paper is spent outlining and defending a view which he terms 'the Property Thesis' according to which Heidegger's talk of different kinds of being (or at least different 'thick' kinds of being) is best interpreted as being about different properties possessed by 'the entities that have those kinds of being' (p. 463). Tepley's paper raises a number of interesting and important questions; most obviously the exegetical question of whether Tepley's 'Property Thesis' is a correct interpretation of Heidegger's view and the metaphysical question of whether, interpretive issues aside, the property view is an independently plausible account of the nature of the different kinds International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 2014 Vol. 22, No. 3, 482–487, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2014.913893


This investigation focuses on the overgeneralization of the linear model-the so-called illusion of linearity. Previous studies by De Bock, Verschaffel, and Janssens (1998) generated strong empirical evidence for the strength of this phenomenon in 12- to 13-year-old and 15- to 16-year-old students working on applied geometrical problems about the relation between the linear measurements and the area of similar plane figures. In this article, we report on two follow-up studies wherein we investigated the effects of problem presentation and formulation on the strength of the illusion of linearity in the same age groups. In the first follow-up study, we altered the problem presentation by including metacognitive and visual scaffolds aimed at arousing students' doubts about the appropriateness of the linear model and at helping them to find the appropriate mathematical model. In the second follow-up study, we changed the problem formulation by transforming the problems, which were originally formulated in a missing-value format, into comparison problems. Both experimental manipulations had a positive effect on students' ability to resist the linearity illusion and to discover the nonproportional character of the problem situations, but these effects remained rather small, indicating that students' tendency toward linear modeling is indeed very strong, deep-rooted, and resistant to change.


The invention discloses triterpene compounds in salvia miltiorrhiza flower. The molecular formula of the triterpene compounds is C3OH50O2, and the structural formula is shown in a formula I or II. Pharmacological tests prove that: the triterpene compounds which are extracted and separated from the salvia miltiorrhiza flower have the advantages of certain cytotoxicity capable of suppressing tumor cells, and rapid, simple and convenient preparation process.


In the context of spaces of homogeneous type, we develop a method to deterministically construct dyadic grids, specifically adapted to a given combinatorial situation. This method is used to estimate vector-valued operators rearranging martingale difference sequences such as the Haar system.


In this paper, we show that the basic pointcut languages offered by current aspect-oriented programming languages impact important software engineering properties, such as evolvability and comprehensibility, in a negative way. We discuss this impact by means of detailed examples, and propose an advanced pointcut managing environment, based on machine learning techniques, to overcome the problem.


We present preliminary results on a study about the thermal variation of the charged and neutral pion masses to one loop, analyzing their electromagnetic difference, in the context of Chiral Perturbation Theory with two flavours, as well as using a light resonance model. We find that the pion mass difference increases for, at least, low and intermediate temperatures, unlike the chiral limit decreasing result. The axial-vector mixing arising from chiral restoration smooths the Debye-screening temperature increase. Taking into account further corrections due to axial and vector resonances, dominated by a1 and rho particles respectively, does not change significantly the ChPT prediction.


Objective:To investigate the clinical advantages in application of dental bonding technique and resin-bonded bridge of metal alar plate on restoration of incisor. Methods:Select the appropriate cases,the abutment teeth were prepared according to the requirements. two alloy plate (0. 24 mm,0. 16 mm)wad made to conform to lingual surfaces of the abutment teeth. One of them (0. 16 mm) was perforated(Φ 2 mm). Solder two plate of metal together. After try -in and adjustment the metal-resin combined bridge with resin-bonded on the lingual side of the abutment teeth to restore the missing incisor. Results:After 5years of observation,112 cases of success,8 cases of fracture,8 cases of fracture,the successful rate was 87. 5%. Conclusions:Self-made resin-bonded bridge of metal alar plate in incisor is simple and easy success,the clinical result is good,suitable for primary,is an ideal alternative repair method.


Particulate organic carbon (POC) sinking out of the sunlit euphotic zone at the surface of the ocean feeds the deep sea and alters the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere. Most of the sinking POC is reoxidized to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) before it hits the sea floor, but the mechanism for this is poorly understood. Here we develop a global model of the microbial loop in the aphotic zone based on new measurements of deep ocean bacterial metabolism. These together imply that a significant fraction of the decreasing POC flux with depth is converted to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) rather than directly to DIC as is commonly assumed, thereby providing the substrate for free‐living bacteria in the deep ocean. The model suggests the existence of a substantial DOC‐pool with a relatively fast turnover time in the deep sea. By implementing the microbial loop in a model of the global ocean circulation, we show that the observed gradient of DOC in the deep North Atlantic can be explained by the temperature dependence of bacterial metabolic activity in conjunction with the formation of deep‐water at high latitudes.


Bartonella alsatica causes bacteremia in rabbits and, rarely, human infections. Here, we announce the complete and closed genome of B. alsatica IBS 382 (CIP 105477), generated by long-read Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. The availability of this genome sequence allows future work on understanding the zoonotic potential of this pathogen. ABSTRACT Bartonella alsatica causes bacteremia in rabbits and, rarely, human infections. Here, we announce the complete and closed genome of B. alsatica IBS 382 (CIP 105477), generated by long-read Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. The availability of this genome sequence allows future work on understanding the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.