Soil erosion is an important process in dryland ecosystems, yet measurements and comparisons of wind and water erosion within and among such ecosystems are lacking. Here we compare wind erosion and transport field measurements with water erosion and transport from rainfall‐simulation for three different semi‐arid ecosystems: a shrubland near Carlsbad, New Mexico; a grassland near Denver, Colorado; and a forest near Los Alamos, New Mexico. In addition to comparing erosion loss from an area, we propose a framework for comparing horizontal mass transport of wind‐ and water‐driven materials as a metric for local soil redistribution. Median erosion rates from wind for vertical mass flux measurements (g m−2 d−1) were 1·5 × 10−2 for the shrubland, 8·3 × 10−3 for the grassland, and 9·1 × 10−3 for the forest. Wind‐driven transport from horizontal mass flux measurements was greatest in the shrubland (15·0 g m−2 d−1) followed by the grassland (1·5 g m−2 d−1) and the forest sites (0·17 g m−2 d−1). Annual projections accounting for longer‐term site meteorology suggest that wind erosion exceeds water erosion at the shrubland by c. 33 times and by c. five times at the forest, but not the grassland site, where the high clay content of the soils contributed to greater amounts of water erosion: water erosion exceeded wind erosion by about three times. Horizontal transport by wind was greater than that by water for all three systems, overwhelmingly so in the shrubland (factor of c. 2200). Our results, which include some of the only wind erosion measurements to date for semi‐arid grasslands and forests, provide a basis for hypothesizing trends in wind and water erosion among ecosystems, highlight the importance of wind erosion and transport in semi‐arid ecosystems, and have implications for land surface geomorphology, contaminant transport, and ecosystem biogeochemistry. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As "a double-edged sword",the Internet is having the important influence on college students' thought and behaviors.Through carrying on the investigation to college students' basic situation of accessing the net,this paper analyzed the university students' characteristic of network thought and behaviors,and has put forward some proposals as follows: to pay more attention to college students' accessing the net;to increase the construction of subject website;to construct a high level network ideological and political education troop,and to strengthen the management of network information


The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) vacuum vessel (VV) is a safety component confining radioactive materials such as tritium and activated dust. An independent VV support structure with multiple flexible plates located at the bottom of VV lower port is proposed as a new concept, which is deferent from the current design, i.e., the VV support is directly connected to the toroidal coils (TF coils). This independent concept has two advantages comparing to the current one: (1) thermal load due to the temperature deference between VV and TF coils becomes lower and (2) the TF coils are categorized as non-safety components because of its independence from VV. Stress Analyses have been performed to assess the integrity of the VV support structure using a precisely modeled VV structure. As a result, (1) the maximum displacement of the VV corresponding to the relative displacement between VV and TF coils is found to be 15 mm, much less than the current design clearance of 100 mm, and (2) the stresses of the whole VV system including VV support are estimated to be less than the allowable ones defined by ASME Section III Subsection NF, respectively. Based on these assessments, the feasibility of the proposed independent VV support has been verified as a VV support.


Just as for other features that build one's identity, music can occasionally be the subject causing labeling, exclusion, and ailenation/othering among individuals and groups. It is generally accepted that the primary role of popular music is to symbolise the boundaries between younger and older sections of the society. As such, certain types and features of popular mu- sic, either intentionally or inadvertantly have caused throughout its history adversity among certain sections of the society and and atrracted negative reactions from certain circles. This phenomenon is even more apparent in the case of heavy metal music whose visual images, video and audio clips and lyrics are regarded as "objectionable" not only among adult conserva- tives, but by those in power in society in general (media, politics, religion). It also leads to a growing sense of hatred, fear, prejudice and finally social alienation/othering. In this study, the social reactions to heavy metal music, which sometimes have concerns far above normal, the reasons for these re- actions and the stereotyping of the genre are questioned and an attempt is made to classify the stages of the othering process in view of relevant the- ories.


Normally, a coastal State has sovereign rights to explore and exploit the natural resources of the continental shelf appurtenant to its territory. In some situations, however, States have overlapping claims as to their continental shelves, which raises important issues as to how such States must conduct themselves prior to resolution of their dispute. This chapter advances eight basic rules that every State is expected to follow in such a situation. Inevitably, such rules are general in nature and will have variable effects when applied in context. Nevertheless, it is submitted that such rules provide importance guidance to States in upholding their overall duty to resolve disputes peacefully.


Chitosan Tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) nanoparticle is a biodegradable and nontoxic polysaccharide, used as a carrier for drug delivery. The morphology and particle‐size measurements of the nanoparticles were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This study aims to evaluate the impact of Russell's viper venom encapsulation on various factors and loading capacity, in addition to explore the physicochemical structure of nanoparticles. FTIR confirmed that tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP linked with ammonium groups of CS in the nanoparticles. Our results showed that CS can react with TPP to form stable cationic nanoparticles. The results also showed that encapsulation efficiency of venom at different concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 500, and 1000 µg/mL were achieved for CS/TPP nanoparticles at different concentrations of 1.5, 2, and 3 mg/mL. The cytotoxicity of CS/TPP nanoparticles was evaluated by MTT (‐3 (4, 5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole) assay. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:406‐411, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21502


The invention provides a self-propelled turnout which comprises a turnout, wherein the turnout is fixedly arranged on a steel platform, the lower part of the steel platform is provided with multiple support steel beams, each steel beam is provided with a retractor device, and each retractor device is connected with a road wheel. The self-propelled turnout provided by the invention solves the problem that the turnout longitudinal shift is rapid and convenient in the existing tunnel construction process, the straight line construction period of tunnel construction can not be occupied, and the operating efficiency is improved. The self-propelled turnout provided by the invention has the advantages of design principle clearness, simple structure, easiness in manufacture, convenience in operation, low cost and the like.


A combined reflection/refraction (wide-angle) seismic survey was conducted on the continental shelf north-west of Britain, using a conventional streamer with an air gun source, and static ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) to record wide-angle energy. The shallow structure down to a basaltic layer was reasonably well imaged on the stacked reflection section. The basalts, however, proved to be opaque to the conventional reflection method and prevented the imaging of deeper horizons, where an important velocity inversion was anticipated. This paper reports on the processing, modeling and interpretation of the densely sampled wide-angle OBS data that were coincident with the reflection profile. Eleven OBS instruments were deployed along a 75 km line and recorded signal from a powerful 149 liter (9100 in.{sup 3}) air gun array fired every 50 m. Data processing was performed using a standard industrial reflection seismic software package prior to first-arrival picking. Processing steps included geometry definition, trace summation and display of the data using various scaling algorithms. An initial model was constructed from 1D velocity-time profiles digitized every 4 km along the stacked section. First arrival travel time modeling rapidly converged to a detailed model of the structure of the top 5 km of the crust. Modeling revealedmore » the existence of a buried low-velocity Mesozoic sedimentary basin, of a prominent basement horst and of a normal fault penetrating to the basement.« less


Catches of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) and Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis from 205 pheromone trapping stations in Mexico were compared and related to climate and habitat. Prostephanus truncatus numbers differed between regions and over time with significant interaction between the two. An overall peak in captures occurred between August and November but this was not apparent in Veracruz and Chiapas. Catches of T. nigrescens also differed but effects were less distinct. The peak in P. truncatus catch was related to monthly rainfall and, with a time lag, minimum temperature in the drier, upland regions, but poorly matched in Chiapas and Veracruz. Prostephanus truncatus abundance was predicted from climatic and habitat data during the periods March to 3 July, and 31 July to November. A regression equation derived from temperature, humidity and rainfall, explained 82% of the variance in the P. truncatus catch in the later period. Local habitat made only a small addition to this model. The best correlate of T. nigrescens numbers was the catch of P. truncatus , but it was less abundant relative to P. truncatus as P. truncatus became more numerous and where annual r.h. was above 70%. Predicted abundance of P. truncatus from the regression model is compared with predictions from laboratory studies of reproductive potential under different climatic regimes. While laboratory studies predict high survival in hot, humid areas, the trap data showed higher catches in cooler, more temperate regions. Possible reasons for these differences and implications for the spread of P. truncatus in Africa are discussed.


Alternative splicing of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) primary transcript produces two receptor isoforms, hGRα and hGRβ, which differ at their carboxyl termini. The hGRα isoform conveys endocrine information to target tissues by altering patterns of gene expression in a hormone-dependent fashion. In contrast to hGRα, very little is known about the hGRβ splice variant. Using hGRα- and hGRβ-specific riboprobes on human multiple tissue Northern blots, we show that the hGRβ message has a widespread tissue distribution. We also prove by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction that the alternative splicing event underlying the formation of the hGRβ message occurs in these tissues. Because the hGRβ protein differs from hGRα at the extreme COOH terminus, we investigated several of the biochemical properties of hGRβ expressed in transfected cells. hGRβ does not bind the glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone nor the glucocorticoid antagonist RU38486 in vivo. Moreover, in contrast to hGRα, hGRβ is located primarily in the nucleus of transfected cells independent of hormone administration. Finally, in the absence of hGRα, hGRβ is transcriptionally inactive on a glucocorticoid-responsive enhancer. However, when both isoforms are expressed in the same cell, hGRβ inhibits the hormone-induced, hGRα-mediated stimulation of gene expression. Thus, hGRβ potentially functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of hGRα activity.


The original meaning of "Informationalism" was used to describe the technological characteristics of contemporary society, However, due to the common "information turn" in many academic fields, it can also be used as a theoretical model to analyze the new features of human cultural achievements . With the advent of the information age, an informationalism trend is rising in philosophy of science. On one hand, this trend comes from sciences, the objects the philosophy of science. The other hand, within the philosophy of science, since the "linguistic turn" and the rise of lingualism it also shows a trend towards the informationalsm. From such a perspective we can re-examine some basic problems in philosophy of science, and get inspire of new understanding of philosophy of science.


The education system can become in a better form if supported by qualified educators who have effective behavior. This is simply because this condition will facilitate educational institution in achieving its objectives. This study aims to examine and analyze the effects of leadership style, organizational climate and environmental aspects of the organization's commitment on the lecturers' performance in Kopertis III (The Educational Institution of Private University) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The unit of analysis in this study are lecturers who have attained the certificate of educators and the professional allowance. This research was conducted at the private university in Jakarta. Data collection method used in this research is the study of literature, documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The study population include lecturers of civil servants employed (DPK) and lecturer in private universities in Jakarta and has attained certificates of educators and professional allowances. The number of samples in this study was 200 people. The instruments used in data collection was a questionnaire. Measurement scale used is Likert scale with five components. Analysis tools used in testing the hypothesis is using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) with the help of AMOS program. The results showed inter alia that the style of leadership, organizational climate and environmental aspects have positive effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Organizational climate and environmental aspects were also found to have positive effect on the performance of lecturers. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction have positive influence on the performance of lecturers. On the other hand, the style of leadership does not have a significant effect on the performance of lecturers. These results indicate that the direct connection of eleven lines, there is a path that has no effect and H3-a hypothesis be rejected.


The design optimization and implementation results of a 3-branch optical switch, operating at 1.32 gm, in z-cut Ti:LiNb03, are presented. A theoretical model based on the Beam Propagation Method was used for the design optimization. Power extinction ratios of 15.9dB (P1/P2) and 20.1dB (P1/P3) were obtained experimentally at a voltage of 32V for side switching. Central switching of 16.1dB was achieved at 35V. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was established.


An improved polynomial key predistribution scheme is proposed for clustered sensor networks.The communication keys among cluster head nodes are obtained according to the symmetric property of two-parameter 4th-order polynomial,which solves the threshold security problem and makes the node overheads lower.The communication keys between the cluster head node and its common nodes are built with little communication after all the nodes are deployed,the authentication mechanism guarantees the security during communication keys establishment.It indicates that the scheme appears to be connective and secure,simultaneously makes the overheads of nodes low.It is shown that addition and revocation of the nodes are feasible in the scheme.


Resonance transmission spectra in dual-periodical photonic quantum-well structure is studied by using the transfer matrix method,and its regularity is analyzed. It is found that the band gap is widen and several resonance transmission spectra appear in the band gap. The number of resonance transmission spectra in the barrier band frequency is related to the period of the barrier region,and that in the well band frequency is related to the period of the well region. It is also indicated that each transimission spectrum will split into N-1 different frequencies when the periods of barrier and well regions are tuned,where N is the period of the dual-periodical photonic quantum-well structure. These split spectra are un-folded mutually. In this way,photonic confined states can be increased multiplicatively within the forbidden band gap region and the density of signal channel can be increased,optimizing the effective bandwidth. It may be applied widely in the fields of superdense wavelength division multiplexing for optical communication and precise optical measurements.


The Australian labour market is undergoing fundamental change, following economic restructuring and industrial relations and vocational education reform. This article outlines the recent evidence relating to unequal outcomes for immigrants from non English-speaking background and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in the Australian labour market. It then argues that, rather than meritocratic, these outcomes are partially the result of racial discrimination. The paper then considers the social and economic contradictions of racial discrimination in Australia today.


Multi-Organisational Web-Based Systems (MOWS) are becoming very popular in the Internet world. It would be desirable for such systems to be quality-aware, and this feature turns the problem of selecting the web services of which they are composed into a complex task. The main reason is that the catalog of available services that meet a set of functional requirements may be quite large, and it is subject to unexpected changes due to the inherent volatility of the Internet. Thus, such systems need an infrastructure able to select the best services at run time so that they can deliver their functionality at the best possible quality level. In this article, we present a proposal that aims at being the core of a run-time system able to support the construction of quality-aware MOWS.


A propagation model for HF radiowave systems is presented. The model is based on an efficient 2D ray tracing algorithm and an ionosphere that is derived from well known models such as IRI and FAIM. Calculations of Doppler shift, Doppler spread and signal loss are included to allow for a wide variety of uses. Some sample applications are included.<<ETX>>


Social media is known to influence consumers' attitudes and to increase demand for wild animals as pets, when depicted online. We investigate the online presence of the nocturnal primates galagos, on TikTok and Instagram, and its influence on followers' attitudes and desire to keep galagos as pets. We monitored activity June – December 2020 and conducted sentiment analysis on 21976 comments. We assessed trends in Google searches and estimated the international trade of live galagos using CITES reports. Post views increased up to 472% within the study period. Posts were mostly from Japan, Thailand, and Russia, with comments in 43 different languages. Of the com- ments, 95% were positive, e.g., " cute " and " I want one ". Google searches of the term "galago pet" increased over time, as did the number of live galagos exported. Southeast Asia is having a boom in exotic pet trade. Viral videos of other nocturnal primates previously led to increased demand for pets, and we hope our findings provide data to guide policy and conservation interventions.


1. A heat exchange assembly from direct contact media, comprising: an evaporator shirt ivnutrenny element disposed in the jacket of the evaporator, the passage formed by a jacket formed between the jacket of the evaporator and the inner member, wherein the passage formed by a jacket configured to flow fluid passage, the housing has an inner an outlet chamber connected to the hot gas passage, the inner member further has a plurality of outlet passages that allow part of the hot gas passing through the Cored oil outlet chamber flow into the liquid flow in the passage formed rubashkoy.2. . The heat exchange assembly from direct contact media of claim 1, further comprising: said evaporator jacket is an elongated and generally cylindrical in shape; and said inner member comprises a substantially cylindrical guiding device arranged in the jacket of the evaporator, wherein the guide device has an inner surface which forms at least part of the inner venting chamber, the guide device is connected for passing hot fluid through an inner outlet chamber, an outer surface the guide device and the inner surface of the elongated jacket, spaced apart to form at least part of the passage formed by the p ubashkoy in the form of an annular space and extending around the outer surface of the guiding device, wherein the guiding device has a plurality of projecting elongate guide projections, which protrude from the outer surface of the guide device


According to Fushi-1 Well discharge and production,western Baiyanghe river,40km east of Fukang city,Xinjiang,perforation compression fracture effect of high-energy gas is not good in No.44 coalbed cavity complete well and No.42 coalbed,leading to a low gas production.This paper suggests applying water plus sand compression fracture so as to increase its gas production,and presents " trapeziform well grid" according to the high dipping angle to increase the comprehensive gas production in well grids.


The number of Kelp Gulls Larus dominicanus breeding at 11 islands in South Africa's Western Cape province increased during the period 1978 to 1999–2000 and then decreased. The increase came after removal of controls on gulls and was associated with supplementary food provided by fish factories and rubbish tips. The decrease resulted from predation of gull chicks at some colonies by an increased population of Great White Pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus. At Dassen Island, the density of gull nests remained constant as the colony doubled, but decreased by 50% as the colony decreased. At Dassen and Schaapen islands, the clutch size increased after pelicans started eating chicks. Numbers of gulls at two southern colonies where pelicans are seldom encountered have increased recently. This may have been influenced by shifts to the south and east of several fish stocks and their associated fisheries.


In the Special Article "Pediatric multiple sclerosis: The 2015 Sydney Carter Award Lecture" by B. Banwell,1 there is a misspelling throughout …


– The Goursat partial differential equation is a second order hyperbolic equation that arises in several fields of study. Various numerical methods have been investigated by researchers for solving the Goursat problem such as Adomian Decomposition method, Sumudu Decomposition method, Arithmetic Mean scheme, Centroidal Mean Averaging scheme and Heronian Mean scheme. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new scheme associated with Newton-Cotes of order one for solving the derivative linear Goursat problem. The linear operators and Newton-Cotes of order one are utilized in developing the scheme. The approximation of the derivative term in the functional value plays a big role in providing a good numerical solution for the problem. The high level of accuracy obtained from the numerical experiments validates that the scheme is fit in solving the linear Goursat problem involving derivative term. The comparative study also proved that the scheme has provided a good approximate solution by presenting a better result compared to the results from previous studies. Hence, the accuracy level obtained from the numerical experiments validates the efficiency and reliability of the proposed scheme towards the Goursat problem involving derivative term. Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru - All rights reserved.


The author introduces the review of accountancy school of USU, and puts forward some pieces of advices on how to improve our accounting department including how to build the academic air and strengthen practical teaching.


This study describes the diet composition of 42 rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (90-480 mm TL), captured in May 1995 in the Urederra River (North of Spain). Rainbow trout of all sizes fed mainly on midge (adults, larvae and pupae), but there were some differences in the feeding habits of small and large fish. We found that as the trout grew larger terrestrial prey became the most important food item. Rainbow trout avoided Leuctridae and showed some preference for Ephemeroptera, Diptera larvae and Nemouridae larvae. Native fish predation and exploitation of the same trophic resources in the Urederra River, could negatively affect native fishes, such as European minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus L., 1758 or brown trout, Salmo trutta L., 1758.


Seafood contains high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals that have many health benefits, but the average family's consumption of seafood in the United States remains below recommended levels. To begin to understand how to raise consumption levels, the study described in this 3-page fact sheet focuses on the influence parents' seafood consumption habits may have on their children. Written by Anh Sam, Xiang Bi, and Lisa House, and published by the Department of Food and Resource Economics, July 2016.
FE992/FE992: Identifying the Attitudes and Preferences of Parents and Children for Seafood: Summary of Focus Group Results (ufl.edu)


On December 18, 1889, the Detroit Free Press asked an intriguing question in the headline: 'Will It Come Here?'1 The 'It' in the headline was the so-called 'Russian Flu', an outbreak of influenza that was first noticed on a global scale in St Petersburg, the capital of Russia.2 As this disease spread across Europe, American medical authorities as well as the popular press expressed increasing concern about whether the disease would cross the Atlantic and reach the United States.3 To answer this question, newspaper reporters all over the country, as in this Detroit Free Press article, turned to local authorities, doctors and physicians from their cities, who were asked to share their opinion about influenza. In this same period, many medical journals published editorials commenting on the spread of the disease, the likely course of further development and the means for preventing or treating outbreaks. This paper examines comments by local doctors published in the Detroit Free Press and one editorial published in Medical Age, a semi-monthly journal also published in Detroit, as a way to introduce a broader research project engaged in three innovative methods that link the digital humanities and medical history: comparing medical reporting in daily newspapers and medical journals to explore connections across local, regional, national and international levels; combining traditional historical methods of close reading with new tools available for large-scale textual analysis; and developing methods that engage undergraduate students as research collaborators at every stage of the process. A close reading of the Detroit Free Press article of December 18 cited above reveals the complex ways in which information about the Russian flu came to doctors, their processes for making sense of diverse information sources and their role in interpreting that information for public dissemination. The first doctor quoted in the article, Dr Donald Maclean, stated that the disease could be communicated from one person to another, and thus it might spread to Detroit, and that, while influenza was rarely fatal, it should not be disregarded. Dr T.A. McGraw was 'somewhat skeptical' about reports of influenza in New York City, because whenever many cases are reported in newspapers, people assume that all victims suffer from the same disease. McGraw challenged the theory that influenza microbes were blown from place to place on the grounds that 'the general direction of the wind is from west to east, while the influenza comes here from the western world'. Instead of being carried by the wind, McGraw declared, 'People bring it in their clothes.' Regardless of how the disease was transmitted, according to McGraw, Detroiters should not 'fear any epidemic of this sort', but should 'treat it carefully', as even though it was 'seldom fatal', it was dangerous to 'aged and sickly people' and can even give 'a strong man a pretty severe attack'. Finally, Detroit physician Dr B.P. Brodie had not heard of


The paper presents two object detector networks on USC Pedestrian database in order to detect and localize pedestrians in photos. The COCO metrics was used, because it was considered a very important problem, well addressed. All children in pictures were well localized and the models can be used on autonomous robots and cars. Both Faster R-CNN and SSD missed a single person in the testing C dataset. The research results lead to a precision of 0.733 on Faster R-CNN and 0.583 on SSD on COCO metrics. In future works this results will be used in augmenting data for search and rescue missions conducted by first responders.


In this paper, it is argued that the concepts of "centre" and "balance" have a conspicuous presence in the universe of Southeast Asian political thought and that political practice also displays a strain toward the centre. However, the difference between the two concepts is not merely a matter of semantic interest. During what may come to be recalled as the era of ASEAN's prosperity, most countries' political centres flourished; but in the early phase of the region's "monetary crisis" (a shorthand expression for a convergence of destabilizing events), it is already apparent that "balance" is being trumped by attempts to hold the "centre(s)". These attempts are not encouraging. Just when it was becoming possible to imagine a regional political centre, the region has embarked upon a complex, extensive unravelling, a de-centring of unknown proportions.


A WBAN can be spread over a person's body, so; posing, dressing, moving of muscles, degree of heat of bodies as well as weather changes in general affect connections among sensors as well as desired point. Secondly, information collected via every sensor can be connected to a person's course of life; so, it can be considered as significant to guarantee that the collected information ought to be given to desired point competently. In this work, a critical cooperating communicating protocol to WBAN established on information has been suggested, called critical data transmission using transmission mode selection (CD-TMS) method established for the architecture of star topology. In the beginning, we performed a studying, also we established a system model can be looked at according to channel los of path, effective transmitting possibility, as well as the out of work time possibility. Thirdly, relaying selecting can be used accompanied by CD-TMS, that lets just the most successful relaying take part in cooperating in a spread manner. Simulating as well as numeral outcomes illustrate that CD-TMS has the ability to develop the performing of a network under common terms comparing with direct transmission mode (DTM) IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA as well as benchmark.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how companies in the textile industry systematically are working with environmental issues, e.g. ISO14001. The most significant environmental aspects in ...


»Lebensskript und Lebenswirklichkeit: Frauen im Nimwegen des 19. Jahrhunderts«. On average, more than one fifth of the 19th century Nijmegen brides were pregnant at the date of marriage. In a society where extramarital sexuality was explicitly forbidden, and where the success of marriage restriction depended on following that rule, this finding is remarkable. Obviously, the cultural life script that allowed sexuality only within marriage was not a script all inhabitants lived up to. A remarkable secondary finding is that the protestant population had a much higher proportion of bridal pregnancies than the Roman Catholic population, although both the Protestant and the Roman Catholic clergy strongly opposed sexual activities, unless within marriage. Therefore, when bridal pregnancy among Protestant couples was twice as high as among Catholics, this points either at a stricter control by the Catholic clergy, or at more deviance among Protestant youngsters. In any case, when studying cultural life scripts on sexuality, it is always important to note that it can be countered by human agency.


Skilled technical support is essential to enable webinars, synchronous online classes, and other live online events to run smoothly. Having a technical support professional dedicated to preventing and troubleshooting technology issues allows presenters to focus on the substance of online events. This article shares an example of an interactive online training program that develops the technical skills and expertise needed to support live online events hosted on web conferencing platforms. The program, called the Institute on Technical Skills for Online Event Production, blends asynchronous homework and synchronous classes in an intensive, hands-on format. Run by Columbia University School of Social Work's Online Campus, this Institute trains social workers to become technical support specialists for online courses and events, and the approach is replicable across academic disciplines and for workplaces. Keywords—Synchronous online classes, live online events, virtual events, webinars, training, technical support, web conferencing, blended learning, elearning, e-learning, asynchronous work, education, instruction


The purpose of this paper to present an educational vision that involves increased collaboration between industry and academia in the training of automotive engineers to meet the global demands of the 21 st century. It will outline the increasing need for industrial contributions towards the development of automotive specific courses to suit industry specific needs, recognized educational standards to meet the needs of the automotive industry, validation and accreditation of courses, approved centers of excellence, automotive academies, worldwide collaboration in the internship of students, inter-university collaboration, joint responsibilities to provide training facilities for teaching and research, scholarship schemes and inter-country educational & industrial exchanges and possible globalization of the educational process


The entry into WTO and the rapid development of the information age have brought aout many new changes: the increase in the frequency of education, the change in teaching methods caused by net education and other new technology. Higher education is regarded as the potential goal of investment. Knowledge creation organizations will gradually merge. Thus, we should fully aware of these changes and think out countermeasures to deal with them.


Background: This study aimed to examine the association between somatosensory dysfunction and burning mouth syndrome (BMS) in premenopausal, early postmenopausal, and late postmenopausal patients, using a standardized Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol, and to determine the predictive value of thermal or mechanical perception by QST for detecting BMS.Methods: The study included 36 female participants with BMS (12 premenopausal, 10 early postmenopausal, and 14 late postmenopausal) and 42 age- and sex- matched healthy volunteers (21 premenopausal, 10 early postmenopausal, and 11 late postmenopausal). Neurophysiological tests were used to evaluate somatosensory dysfunction at the tongue.Results: Z-scores in the late postmenopausal BMS group revealed a gain of function for the cold pain threshold and heat pain threshold (Z=2.08 and 3.38, respectively). In the multiple regression analysis with the Visual Analogue Scale as the dependent variable, the vibration detection threshold predicted severity of burning mouth sensation in the premenopausal group.Conclusions: Late postmenopausal patients with BMS showed an increased response of the tongue to noxious thermal stimuli. This supports the theory that changes in sex hormones may affect trigeminal somatosensory function in particular, during the late postmenopausal stage in patients with BMS.


Conservation agriculture continues to be promoted in developing nations as a sustainable and suitable agricultural practice to enhance smallholder productivity. A look at the literature indicates that this practice is successful in non-African countries. Thus, this research sought to test whether minimum tillage (MT), a subset of conservation agriculture, could lead to a significant impact on smallholder households' welfare in Southern Tanzania. Using cross-sectional data from 608 randomly selected smallholder households, we applied propensity score matching to determine the effects of adopting minimum tillage on smallholder households' per capita net crop income and labor demand. Our results indicated that minimum tillage adoption has positive impacts on smallholder households' per capita net crop income. Further, it reduces the total household labor demands, allowing households to engage in other income-generating activities. However, the adoption rate of minimum tillage is in the early majority stage (21.38%). Thus, we propose the government to support household credit access and extension-specific information to improve the probability of adopting minimum tillage.


participants and procedure Two studies were conducted to test the effect of the situ ational context and willpower differences on persever ance and action effectiveness. The first study involved 120 partici pants (88 females and 32 males) between 17 and 19 years of age (M = 18.28; SD = 0.56). The researched group in the se cond study included 230 participants (160 females and 70 males) between 20 and 53 years of age (M = 25.19; SD = 5.04). In the first study perseverance and action ef fectiveness were assessed on the basis of the performance level and the amount of time spent on the computer task. In the study 2 to evaluate the effectiveness used subjec tive progress assessment in achieving individual goals. In both of these studies, evoked a sense of autonomy vs. in duced a sense of external control and the measurement of willpower differences was conducted on the basis of Kuhl's ACS90 questionnaire.


This paper studies the third problem for the Laplace equation on a bounded planar domain with inside cracks. The third condition ∂u/∂n


Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of Lentinula edodes mushrooms (Shiitake mushrooms) contaminated with radioactive cesium was performed to study relationships between concentrations of alkali elements in the shiitake mushroom samples and their radioactive cesium levels. The shiitake mushrooms were cultivated using radiocontaminated hard wood logs due to the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima. The significant localization of radioactive cesium was found in the pileus region of the shiitake mushroom from autoradiographic observation. The concentrations of alkali elements in the shiitake sample were measured by PIXE analysis. The PIXE analysis has shown that the concentrations and transfer coefficients of potassium and rubidium in the pileus are much higher than the other parts of the shiitake sample as is the case of radioactive cesium. It is suggested that radioactive cesium is transferred into shiitake mushrooms in a manner similar to potassium and rubidium. The results of this work have shown the possibility to be able to use rubidium as an elemental tracer for radioactive cesium.


This study was supported by EU FP7 grant GlowBrain (REGPOT–2012–CT2012– 316120) to S.G. and by a University of Trento Startup Grant and the Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto Grant n. 2011.0251 to S.C. Since the central nervous system shows very little capability for self-repair following ischemic injury, regenerative medicine approaches are increasingly interested in the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) for cell replacement strategies. Labelling NSCs with maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles allows direct in vivo tracking and imaging of NSCs during brain repair using medical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, application of biomaterials, such as alginate, represents an interesting tool to carry out cell replacement therapies. We reported in vitro NSCs viability and initial differentiation in alginate hydrogels. Furthermore, we investigated in vivo the potential of alginate hydrogels as support system for NSCs injection in the brain. Our preliminary in vivo results demonstrate the possibility to obtain injectable alginate hydrogels that crosslink once injected in the brain tissue. Inflammation profiles, obtained using TLR2-luc mouse reporter line after alginate injection, suggest that alginate presence is not harmful for the brain tissue. Taken together these findings show that alginate could be used as an efficient support for NSCs transplantation in the nervous system, able to increase cell survival and integration in an injury-affected brain. Moreover, using GlowBrain platform we reported that coating γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with either poly(L-lysine) or D-mannose improves their biocompatibi-


64 Mb FRAM with a 1T1C scheme has progressed greatly for mass production in terms of a highly reliable device. For the first time, package-level reliabilities of the memory were evaluated systematically and massively. The authors scrutinized the device reliabilities in accelerated manners, one of which is high-temperature-operating-life (HTOL) test; and the other is high-temperature-storage (HTS) test. Random-single-bit failures appeared from the tests were not attributed to intrinsic causes but extrinsic ones. The extrinsic mostly come from poor interconnections between a cell capacitor and its near-contact nodes. As a result of applying novel schemes to remove the analyzed defectives, the authors have the FRAM with no bit failure up to 1000 hours over both HTOL and HTS tests


In hydrological cycle, precipitation initiates the flow and governs the system. The preciseness in the prediction of rainfall will reduce the uncertainty involved in estimating the associated hydrological variables such as runoff, infiltration, and stream flow. Many research works has been channelled towards improving the accuracy of these predictions. ANN is the most widely used neural networks in Integrated Water Resource Management. Most of these models, utilize the strength of data-driven modelling approach. The reliability of these predictions depends on the preciseness in selecting the correlated variables. If the available historical database fails to record the most correlated variable, then reliability on these data-driven approach predictions is questionable. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a methodological framework that utilizes the strength of a predictive data-mining analysis (decision tree). The developed decision tree based rainfall prediction model maps the climatic variables, namely; a) temperature, b) humidity, and c) wind speed over the observed rainfall database. The performance of the developed model is evaluated based on three performance indicators (Nash Sutcliffe efficiency, RMSE and MSE). The performance of the developed model is also compared with the well- known data-driven (Artificial Neural Network) based rainfall prediction model.


The invention discloses a splash lubrication type gear power box which comprises a box body, a driving shaft and a driven shaft. The driving shaft and the driven shaft are arranged in the box body. A driving gear is installed on the driving shaft. A driven gear meshed with the driving gear is installed on the driven shaft. A box cover is arranged at the top of the box body and comprises a first inclined cover board and a second inclined cover board. The lower end of the first inclined cover board is fixedly connected with the box body. The lower end of the second inclined cover board is fixedly connected with the box body. The upper end of the first inclined cover board and the upper end of the second inclined cover board are close to each other and are fixedly connected. By the adoption of the gear power box, splashed lubricating oil can be collected to the maximum extent and then reused, and the gear power box is simple in structure, convenient to use and convenient to apply and popularize.


An anharmonic potential energy function for the stretching vibrations of diacetylene has been constructed from ab initio SCF calculations and little experimental information. Low-lying vibrational states are calculated by diagonalization of an approximate vibrational hamiltonian which neglects the anharmonic coupling between stretching and bending motions. The potential energy terms of diacetylene show close resemblance with those obtained previously for cyanoacetylene. Equilibrium geometry, rotational and centrifugal distortion constants are predicted. Infrared intensities of several diacetylene isotopes are calculated from the anharmonic vibrational wavefunctions and SCEP dipole moment functions.


Hydatidosis or Echinococcosis is caused by a parasitic cestode, Echinococcus (Rudolphi, 1807) with a life cycle having sheep and cattles as an intermediate and canines as a definitive host. Humans, if harbor, is the dead end host. It serves as an important zoonosis in areas where there is close association between humans and domestic livestock. This is a retrospective observative study conferring pathological features of hydatid infection during 2013 in major tertiary care hospitals in Karachi. This seminal study provides regarding infectivity of hydatidosis in Karachi population. Study revealed increasing prevalence of infection in age group between 21-40 years with similar proportion in male and females. Liver and lungs are the most commonly involved organs whereas kidney, spleen, lower limb, breast and other organs are rarely involved. Key-words: Echinococcosis, hydatidosis, human population, Karachi. Hydatidosis is spread worldwide as an emerging zoonotic as well as an economic problem specially under grazing areas where sheep and cattles act as an herbivorous intermediate host while the canines such as dogs and foxes act as definitive host. It is one of the most neglected parasitic disease (da Silva, 2015). Man if infected acts as a fnal end host. A metacestode larva of Echinococcus is an infective agent which is transmitted while continuing its life cycle in intermediate and definitive host. It is the smallest cestode. Eggs are ingested through oral faecal route which enter to intestine where they hatch and onchospheres are carried to the liver and other organs through pulmonary and systemic circulation respectively where they form the cyst. The outer layer of cyst is pericyst from host tissue reaction while inner germinal cyst from parasite which may contain daughter cysts. Disease is usually asymptomatic or may appear several years after the development of cyst and reaction depends upon size and number of cysts. Anaphylactic shock is caused by rupture of the cyst. It is a retrospective and surveying study, from Januray 2013 to Decemeber 2013. The data was collected and reviewed from Department of Pathology of different tertiary care hospital (Aga Khan University Hospital and Dow University Hospital) of Karachi, out of total 20,000 registered cases in a year; data was analyzed for the prevailing age, sex and organ specificity in the study period. The data was statistically analyzed by using IBM SPSS 21 to detect any significant difference. It will help to evaluate the present status of disease infecting humans from animal zoonosis. The data was also analyzed for age wise infection of hydatid cysts in the recorded cases (Table 1). The peak incidence is were recorded in age group between 21-40 years. Chi-square was conducted for statistical analysis. The data was further analyzed to evaluate the infection rate of the hydatidosis in the both sexes (Table 2). The favorable site for hydatid cyst development was liver (33.3%) followed by lung, kidney, femur, brain, spleen, thigh, thorax, heart and breast (31.1%, 8.9%, 6.7%, 4.4%, 2.2%), respectively (Table 3). The total count in both sexes with its mean and standard deviation is given below (Table 2). Hydatid infection or echinococcosis is an apparent zoonotic infection specially in under developed countries, several authors have been working on this emerging disease in different parts of world (Goldsmith et al., 1991; Sarkar et al., 2017). Its prevalence is increasing particularly in Asia, Africa and America to northern Hemisphere. Sajjadi (2006) reported its presence situation in Middle East, similarly it was reported in Kuwait (Hassounah and Behbehani, 1976). Rao et al. (2012) reported that rural areas of India were more exposed to zoonotic diseases as these areas lack proper education and awareness in implementing strict rules regarding the disposal of remains of slaughtered animals. 476 SAMAR SAJJAD ET AL., INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 14 (3): 475-477, 2017. It has been mostly emphasized for specificity in hosts. Amin et al. (2011) observed echinococcosis in buffaloes in Iran. In Pakistan studies were conducted by Baig et al., (1986) and Maqbool et al. (1994) reporting its infection in dogs. Furthermore in Punjab (Khan and Haseeb, 1984) reported its prevalence in livestock ranged from 5-46%. This disease has been neglected in Pakistan for its presence in humans and only selected work has been done. The study will help to understand incidence in Karachi and its related areas so that efforts could be made to reduce its increasing prevalence. It has been observed that gender has no mark difference on susceptibility, the age group between 21 to 40 years is more inclined to infection probably due to avoiding hygienic conditions or contact with dogs and other reservoir live stocks that helps in continuing the cestode life cycle. Gadahi et al. (2011) reported human hydatidosis from Hyderabad. The methods for eradication of this potentially hazardous infection has not yet been initiated well but it may be reduced by increasing awareness for proper hygiene, slaughter conditions, improving dog control and health education etc. Shafik (2003) reported about 4% of its awareness rate in Punjab. The aim of this analysis is a serious conversation of factors truly or potentially contributing to determine emergence of echinococcosis in humans. Table 1. Prevalence of hydatid disease in both genders according to age group. Age_Groups Chi-square 6.114 Gender Df 3 Sig. 0.106 a,b Table 2. Showing the total count in both the sexes. Table 3. Prevalence of hydatid disease in different organs ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the tertiary care hospitals that provided me with the required material particularly Ahmed Raheem who helped us in statistical analysis and Dr. Aly Khan CDRI (PARC) for giving useful suggestions. Age_Groups < 20 Years 12 26.7%


Objective To explore the effect of roy adaptation model in reducing the perioperative anxiety of patients undergoing cardiac valves replacement for rheumatic cardiopathy.Methods60 patients who undergoing cardiac valves replacement for rheumatic cardiopathy were randomly divided into experimental group(n=30)and control group(n=30).The experimental group was performed kindness nursing according to roy adaptation model,and the control group was performed conventional nursing.Results The anxiety value of experimental group and control group were(27.0±6.0)and(44.9±19.1),respectivly.The tension degree of experimental group and control group were(23.8±2.8)% and(79.7±1.8)%,respectively.The anxiety value and tension degree of control group were significantly higher than those of experimental group(all P0.01).Conclusion Roy adaptation model nursing could control the facing stimulation,strengthen physical and psychological response mechanisms,enhance adaptive ability,and reduce anxiety and tension in patients undergoing cardiac valves replacement for rheumatic cardiopathy.


FIELD: printing of securities, in particular, bank-notes on sheet or web paper. SUBSTANCE: the rotary press includes the main printing apparatus and an additional independent printing apparatus installed before the main printing apparatus in the direction of paper motion and made for application of an ornament over the entire width of the paper, at least of the same definite color until the paper passes through the main printing apparatus. EFFECT: enhanced factor of secrecy of securities, diversified application of various kinds of multicolored printing. 12 cl, 1 dwg


The variation trend of the resonant wavelength of a subwavelength metallic slit with respect to its width has been investigated by using the Fabry-Perot model. It is determined by two antagonistic factors related to the effective refractive index and the phase of reflection. We show that the trend can be changed by directly modulating the dielectric constant of the structure. Our analysis is supported by the numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain technique.


ABSTRACT Supplier relationships in the automotive industry have changed fundamentally in recent decades owing to trends such as less vertical integration, global sourcing, simultaneous engineering, and the Internet. Suppliers have become much more important in terms of both production and development. The ability to manage engineering changes (EC) efficiently and reliably reflects the capability of the whole supply chain. EC is a modification of a product's component after the product has entered serial production. This paper reviews engineering change management (ECM) and the application of lean methods into the product development process. The conclusions from the literature review are summarised in a model for assessing the maturity level of lean ECM. The model is tested within eight automotive component and system suppliers of different sizes, from 196 up to 77000 employees. The result of the survey is a comprehensive overview of ECM status with automotive suppliers. An important conclusion is that ECM should begin already during product development process. Knowledge management was recognised as a key enabler for reducing the number of ECs.


This paper focuses on the various aspects of information visualization when making a professional and effective presentation. We propose a framework based two sets of factors; perfection in environmental factors and clarity in problem and solution identification in making a successful presentation. This paper removes the subjectivity associated in making consistent presenting visually by applying various scientific methods.


Hot acid treatment and hot chlorine dioxide bleaching are two emerging technologies within the field of bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp. In this study, these two technologies are thoroughly invest ...


Micropipettes suitable for intracellular use are pulled by a vacuum applied to the nozzles of two glass syringes. The ends of the glass tube are attached to the plungers, which are pulled home in opposite directions. The two pulls are in a straight line and can be varied in velocity and duration, producing microelectrodes of different shapes and sizes. The details of construction and operation are described.


Satellite remote sensing measurements in the thermal IR spectrum have existed since the beginning of the space era with the first Tiros satellites in the sixties. The low spatial resolution data provided up to now have been mainly used for mesoscale applications in meteorology and oceanography. To study and understand on a local scale those natural phenomena which can be characterized by their radiative temperatures, the users need high spatial resolution data in multi-spectral channels with a good radiometric sensitivity. Thanks to recent progress in IR detector technology, these specifications will soon be satisfied. The IRSUTE (infra red satellite unit for terrestrial environment) instrument is designed to provide high spatial (50 m), multi-spectral (4 channels in the IR), high repetivity data with a good radiometric sensitivity. Moreover, the IRSUTE payload has to be compatible with the limited resources (mass, power, volume, ...) provided by a small satellite. The design of the instrument is based on the push-broom technique which uses IR-CCD linear array detectors positioned in the focal plane of a collecting telescope. The first results of a pre-feasibility study on the inboard instrument are presented.


The paper presents the results of thermographic and acoustic analysis of exemplary oil power transformer. Series of thermograms were taken. The higher temperature areas were distinguished on the transformer surfaces under different ambient temperatures. The thermograms indicated hot areas at the top of the transformer, especially under high ambient temperature. There were three areas that emit intensive infrared radiation in the spectrum: 7.5 μm < λ< 13 μm. These areas are located in the upper part of the transformer in zones of intense oil circulation forced by the cooling system. According to thermographic research the state of the transformer and the cooling system was proper. Within acoustic research, two areas were located with sources of magnetoacoustic signals of increased activity with the spectrum 15-65 kHz. Sources of these signals were intense phenomena occurring during the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials. No acoustic emission signal with increased activity from partial discharges were detected. The result of thermographic analysis corresponds with the results of acoustic signals analysis and analyzed together give a broader common description of the examined phenomena.


Under the guidance of a large curriculum,youth voluntary service curricularization in university establishes two categories of curriculum which involve the dominant and hidden curriculum of youth voluntary service,specifically including knowledge curriculum,activity curriculum and environmental curriculum.Youth voluntary service curricularization faces difficulties in aspects as thinking and understanding,support of resources,system management.Proposes three solutions to solve these problems,including correct understanding of it,the establishment of curricularization colonel University Steering Committee on Practice,the implementation of voluntary service and teaching coordination operation pattern and the establishment of the network platform of it.The ultimate goal is to promote university of youth voluntary service standardization,specialization,and permanent.


&NA; The use of institutional measures of control such as seclusion and restraint within psychiatric hospitals is common and arguably countertherapeutic; however, little is known about how best to reduce the use of these measures. The development and implementation of new institutional strategies to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint are important. Although traditional performance improvement (PI) project methodology might seem well‐suited to helping managers and administrators identify effective hospital‐wide interventions to decrease seclusion and restraint rates, the logic of the standard PI model precludes managers from making valid inferences about which interventions actually cause change. This article presents a model (derivative of the multiple baseline time‐series design with randomization) for testing individual elements of a large‐scale PI project to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint in a behavioral healthcare organization. The proposed model is flexible, accommodates overlapping organizational initiatives, and simultaneously allows for meaningful inferences to be made about the active components of the interventions. The ability to make meaningful inferences is important because, if the initiatives to reduce seclusion and restraint rates work, other healthcare organizations would benefit from knowing which specific interventions actually lead to change and which interventions have little impact on seclusion and restraint rates. Early experiences with this model from a hospital manager's perspective are discussed, along with the costs and benefits of using it.


The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is interested in identifying the costs and benefits of software reuse to the mission critical computer resource (MCCR) community. In fulfilling this role, we were faced with the need to investigate reuse without making a large investment. This paper examines where to start a reuse activity by describing our initial view of reuse, our decisions on where to begin, what lessons we learned, and finally, our current view.
The reuse life cycle described in our final view gives more insight on how and where to implement reuse. It defines the phases of a reuse life cycle that begin with business planning and shows their relationships. For each phase of the reuse life cycle, we give the goals, the outputs, and an approach for achieving the goals. Each organization that is interested in obtaining the benefits of reuse must evaluate reuse in terms of business goals and objectives. Once this evaluation has been made, the life cycle described in the paper provides one approach to achieving the benefits of reuse.


The Chief Executive Officer of PIBA in response to Laisa Tagas' editorial raises some issues in the May 2002 of Pacific/Islands Business particularly with reference to the comment about UNICEF's 'choice' of media to attend the UN General Assembly Special Session on Children in New York. The arguments were considered to be factually incorrect and disturbing.


This study investigates creating facades of conformity (i.e., suppressing personal values and pretending to embrace organizational values) as a coping strategy associated with perceived job insecurity in workplace. In two survey-based studies, we examined the conditions under which such a strategy is more likely, and the consequences of its use. The results show in Study 1 (N = 404) and in Study 2 (N = 622) that facades of conformity, although employed as an agentic response to protect one's status, is paradoxically associated with negative employee outcomes including increased intention to leave and reduced affective commitment. Furthermore, the results show that age attenuates the relationship between perceived job insecurity and facades of conformity, such that older workers are less likely than younger workers to engage in facades under higher job insecurity. Our research contributes to theory on job insecurity, authenticity, and lifespan development. Managerial implications are discussed.

Practitioner points

The current study found that employees who feel their job security threatened were more likely to suppress personal values and pretend to embrace organizational values, and such responses were linked to their intention to leave and reduced affective commitment.
The results from this study highlight the importance of fostering organizational environments that encourage authenticity such that members are not compelled to suppress personal values and pretend to embrace organizational values in job-insecure environments.
The results also highlight how employees will enact their careers at different stages of their lives. In job-insecure environments, older workers are more likely than younger workers to express divergent points of view.


Electrical transport measurements under hydrostatic pressure have been used to determine the enhanced spin gap at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$ in the limit of vanishing Land\'e $g$ factor $(|g|\ensuremath{\le}0.1)$. The enhanced spin gap exists even when $g\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0$, and the observed variation of the spin gap around $g\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0$ is qualitatively consistent with recent predictions that the lowest charged excitation has a nontrivial spin order (Skyrmion).


THE LONG-TIME STUDY OF CEMENT PERFORMANCE IN CONCRETE WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE WHETHER ANY RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN THE COMPOSITION, FINENESS, AND CONDITIONS OF MANUFACTURE OF THE TEST CEMENTS AND THE ABILITY OF THE CONCRETE IN WHICH THEY WERE USED TO RESIST DETERIORATION WHEN SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES SUCH AS WATER, SULFATE SOLUTIONS, TEMPERATURE CHANGES, AND HIGHWAY TRAFFIC WITH OR WITHOUT APPLICATION OF SALTS FOR ICE REMOVAL. MOST OF THE TEST STRUCTURES HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO THEIR PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENTS FOR A LITTLE OVER 20 YEARS. SOME MORE RECENT PROJECTS WERE CONSTRUCTED IN 1949, 1958, 1959, AND 1961. THIS REPORT PRESENTS A REVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE VARIOUS TEST CEMENTS AND CONCRETES AT THESE TEST PROJECTS, SUPPLEMENTING THE OBSERVATIONS MADE IN THE TEN-YEAR REPORT. AS HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REPORTED, NO CONSISTENT RELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN COMPOSITION AND FINENESS OF THE CEMENTS AND THE BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE EXPOSED TO FREEZING AND THAWING. DIFFERENCES IN MANUFACTURE DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE DURABILITY OF THE CONCRETE. RESISTANCE TO SULFATE ATTACK WAS INCREASED BY REDUCTION OF THE POTENTIAL TRICALCIUM ALUMINATE CONTENT OF THE CEMENT. THE EVIDENCE AFTER MORE THAN 20 YEARS OF EXPOSURE CONFIRMS THE EARLIER INDICATIONS THAT AIR- ENTRAINMENT PROVIDES SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED ABILITY OF CONCRETE TO ENDURE FREEZING AND THAWING WITHOUT CONCRETE ELEMENTS SUBJECT TO CONTINUOUS SATURATION BY GROUND WATER. /RRL/A/


Flip-chip interconnect joints of copper/gold (Cu/Au) with 40-μm diameter and 100-μm pitch were made between silicon (Si) chips and Cu substrates using solid-state bonding at 200°C with a static pressure of 250-400 psi (1.7-2.7 MPa). The array of 50 × 50 Cu/Au columns was first created. In fabrication, photoresist with 50 x 50 cavities of 40-μm diameter and 45-μm depth were produced on Si wafers, which were first coated with 30 nm chromium and 100 nm Au films. Cu of 25-μm thickness was electroplated in the cavities, followed by 10 μm of Au. After stripping the photoresist, the array of 50 x 50 Cu/Au columns was obtained on a chip region of the wafer. The 50 x 50 Cu/Au columns on the chip were bonded to a Cu substrate by solidstate bonding. No molten phase was involved and no flux was used. No underfill was applied. The corresponding load for each column was only 0.22-0.35 g. Cross-section scanning electron microscopy images show that Cu/Au columns were well bonded to the Cu substrate. Despite the large mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between Si and Cu, no joint breakage was observed. The pull test was performed and the fracture modes were evaluated. The fracture force and fracture strength obtained were 11.2-14.2 kg and 35-44 MPa (5000-6400 psi), respectively. The measured fracture force is four times larger than the criterion of the pull-off test in MIL-STD-883E.


In the classical economics era, Adam Smith emphasized that a region's economy is largely determined by three factors of production, land, labor, and capital. But in the era of today's modern economy, technological factors, knowledge, creativity, innovation, and human capital had been the main factors in the successful development of the regional economy. Therefore, assessment and measurement of creative industry has become the focus of attention of various countries in the world today. The main challenge of creative economic development over the last 10 years is how to assess and measure the level of creativity in the State, Province, district, or city. Assessment and measurement of creativity is dependent upon understanding the indicators of a creative city. Measurement of the Bandung Creative City has been reviewed in the Bandung Creative City road map document. Creative city has set 6 creativity indicators of Bandung, they are: 1) creative policy; 2) creative infrastructure; 3) Legal, Ethical and Intellectual Property; 4) creative support system; 5) creative capacity; 6) The economic contribution. Indicators of creativity that Bandung needs to be improved include: operationalization of the variable measurement, measurement methods, and actualization of data. The purpose of this study is to (1). Analyze the strategic aspects of the concept of the creative economy, creative industries, and creative cities at the global level (2). Perform a comparative analysis of the indicators of a creative city of Bandung. The output of this study is to assess the performance of the achievements of each indicator in Bandung Creative City. The result of the study is Bandung as a creative city in design field.


Nonlinear optical properties of novel ternary semiconductor crystals were determined at several wavelengths between 1 and 2 micrometers using a wavelength tunable, picosecond duration laser. Measured values were compared to theoretical calculations.


Sensors based on crystal defects, especially nitrogen vacancy (NV) centres in nanodiamond, can achieve detection of single magnetic moments. Here, we show that this exquisite control can be utilized to entangle remote electronic spins for applications in quantum computing; the mobile sensor provides a 'flying' qubit while the act of sensing the local field constitutes a two-qubit projective measurement. Thus, the NV centre mediates entanglement between an array of well-separated (and thus well-controlled) qubits. Our calculations establish that such a device would be remarkably robust against realistic issues such as dephasing, inaccurate timing and both positioning errors and multimodal vibrations in the sensor tip. Interestingly, the fact that this form of flying qubit is readily measurable allows one to convert certain classes of unknown errors into heralded failures, which are relatively easy to deal with using established quantum information processing techniques. We also provide calculations establishing the feasibility of performing a demonstrator experiment with a fixed sensor in the immediate future.


Scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques were used to determine the morphology of the exochorion and endochorion of Psorophora columbiae eggs as found in the ovary and after deposition. In the ovary, the outer chorionic reticulations and tubercles of the eggs are ornately developed below the follicular epithelium. Expansion of the eggs after deposition causes the outer chorionic reticuli and sculpturing (i.e., minor and major tubercles) to form the characteristic spinose appearance of Psorophora eggs. Transmission electron microscopic micrographs of cross and sagittal sections of the chorionic layers of Ps. columbiae eggs indicate that the major outer chorionic tubercles have 3 distinct regions. The 3rd region was found only on the dorsum of the tubercle. Elevation of major tubercles appears to be regulated, at least in part, by ambient moisture conditions, and one function of these tubercles seems to be adhesion of the egg to an oviposition surface.


Transport properties of liquid electrolyte‐gated bilayer graphene (BLG) were investigated in the presence of scattering centers introduced post‐growth. The scattering centers were realized by spin‐deposition of phosphine stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different molar concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 40 nM) directly on top of the BLG surface. Electronic transport in such samples exhibits a cluster‐like scattering behavior, that is, a decrease in charge carrier mobility accompanied by a shift of the Dirac point toward negative values with increasing density of scattering centers, indicating the n‐type doping of graphene by AuNPs. The characteristic resistivity‐gate voltage curves show the possibility of anti‐ambipolar behavior of such gated BLG films. Drude model based Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations agree with our experimental findings and theoretically predicted behavior. Our results support the possibility of a charge carrier modulation of graphene via foreign impurity scattering introduced on its surface, as well as by the means of large electrostatic fields obtained via the liquid electrolyte gating.


The HERA electron ring is the first and only high energy electron storage ring at which longitudinal spin polarization has been obtained. This paper describes the spin rotators, the optical set up, the first observation of longitudinal polarization and the plans for its routine exploitation.


OFDM is a bandwidth efficient multicarrier modulation has gained a tremendous focus in recent years because of its high spectral efficiency;, multipath delay spread tolerance, effectiveness against impulse noise and frequency diversity. However, some challenging issues still remain unsolved in the design of the OFDM systems. One of the major problems is high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of transmitted OFDM signals. A large PAPR brings disadvantages like increased complexity to the analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters and a reduced efficiency to the RF power amplifier. In this paper, the proposed techniques are based on Modified selected level mapping and a Hybrid technique used to reduce Peak to Average Ratio of transmitted OFDM signal. And using Matlab simulation result, the proposed techniques are analyzed.


This paper researched and implementd an applied integrated system based on Web Services technology in the medicine circulation field.The system regards kinds of business modules as collections of Web Services components meeting certain degree granularity need,and builds a new supply chain model of the circulation processes from medicines bidding to purchasing,which is across different environments,systems object models and running platforms.This system is encapsulated as services,which can be invoked by users and other companies,thus composing an Internet-oriented services shared platform.


In this study, a sample of 25-35 years old women was referred to the cultural cognition. 112 samples were selected and Beck and answer intrusive questionnaires were completed. Of the 28 criteria of the study, the researchers worked with 24 individuals. The 24 patients were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Before and after the emotional memory management training, both groups responded to the questionnaires. Emotional memory management to reduce the distress associated with the recovery of intrusive memories, negative evaluation and response suppression and retrieval of memories, the impact of a one-month follow-up confirmed the stability of emotional memory management to reduce rumination.Statistical effect of a reaction analysis not confirmed. Using emotional memory management training program, it could be that the skills to deal with depression and to prevent their return to help people, teach.


Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) makes it possible to create an intelligent electromagnetic environment. The low hardware cost makes ultra-large (XL) RIS an attractive performance enhancement scheme, but it brings the challenge of near-field propagation channels. This makes the localization and channel estimation more complicated. In this paper, we consider the spherical wavefront propagation in the near field of the millimeter-wave/sub-Terahertz (mmWave/subTHz) localization system with the assistance of a RIS. A near-field joint channel estimation and localization (NF-JCEL) algorithm is proposed based on the derived second-order Fresnel approximation of the near-field channel model. To be specific, we first decouple the user equipment (UE) distances and angles of arrival (AoAs) through a down-sampled Toeplitz covariance matrix, so that the vertical and azimuth AoAs in the array steering vectors can be estimated separately with low complexities. Then, the UE distance can be estimated by the simple one-dimensional search, and the channel attenuation coefficients are obtained through the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method. Simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed NF-JCEL algorithm to the conventional far-field algorithm, and show that higher resolution accuracy can be obtained by the proposed algorithm.


agents dealing with abstract principals than we do about real bureaucrats dealing with real politicians. We know more about incremental hill climbing on an imagined surface using formally specified decision rules (or rules that learn) than we do about problem identification, problem solving, and change in the messy world of real organizations. We know more about the formal properties of learning from experience than we do about the ways organizations evaluate, record, and retrieve the lessons of history. We know more about the effects of local positive feedback in adaptive models than we do about the ways in which real people in real organizations respond to the development of individual or collective competence. We know more about the transfer of abstract knowledge through abstract networks than we do about the fineknowledge through abstract networks than we do about the fine detail of the exchange of information in real networks. And we know more about the possibilities for collective confusion in the development of social meaning than we do about


Abstract The constitution of characters in Middle High German heroic epics is transtextual and transpersonal, yet specific to certain texts or characters. Characters can be formed by an aggregation of the recipients' knowledge on narrative tradition or by a reduction to stereotypes. The anthropological ›rules‹ of heroic epics – collective feudal norms, transpersonal coding of emotions, the principles of heroism – are of only limited validity. Interpolations by recipients regarding the motivation of characters can be manipulated or rejected by the texts. Heterogeneity, traditionality, partially even alterity of the characters are exhibited; consistency is not necessarily intended.


K E Y W O R D S Chemical composition, insect antifeeding, insecticidal, herbicidal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Ardisia solonaceae Roxb. root extract BAHAAR ANJUM1, RAVENDRA KUMAR1 *, RANDEEP KUMAR1, OM PRAKASH1, R.M. SRIVASTAVA2, D.S. RAWAT3 AND A.K. PANT1 1Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India 3Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India Received: 19 March 2020 Revised: 08 June 2020 Accepted: 05 October 2020 ePublished: 02 December 2020 Corresponding author: Ravendra Kumar Tel: +91-9759204533 ; Fax: +91-5944-233473 E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com α-Amyrenone Antifeeding Anti-inflammatory activity Antioxidant Ardisia solanacea Herbicidal Insecticidal activity almost independent from any serious adverse effect. The rural elders, farmers and tribal cultures have incredible knowledge about the plants being used for various purposes of health since thousands of years and are still a part of medical practices by folks of various regions of Indian sub-continents and China, Middle East and African countries, South American and other developing countries of the world (Venditti et al., 2018). India is a large hub of medicinal plants where more than 45,000 plant species have been documented and among these, several thousands have been claimed to prove medicinal properties (Mohammadhosseini, 2017). Ayurveda and other oriental medicinal systems describe how to use the plants in the treatment of a variety of ailments. To date, various secondary plant metabolites possessing established biological activities have been identified and discovered. In fact, the plant products are extensively used in various medicinal systems by different


Amoxicillin is realized as significant drug due to their essential inhibition of bacterial infections. However, the effective time of amoxicillin in clinical position is less than 8 hours. Therefore, this research was to prolong the drug delivery system. Chitosan was modified by PCL (PCL/CS) microparticles were fabricated by oil in water emulsion (o/w emulsion) techniques for the protection and controlled the release of amoxicillin. The ratio of PCL: chitosan at different ratios were investigated for their influences on the zeta potential, size, morphology, swelling ratio and the release rate of amoxicillin from PCL/CS microparticles. The encapsulation efficiency was 74% to 83% and the maximum cumulative released amounts of amoxicillin from the PCL/CS at ratio 1:5 was about 6.5±0.03 mg for 7 days. Furthermore, the antimicrobial of amoxicillin was demonstrated by antimicrobial activity assays, which are effective in treating Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The PCL/CS was enough for the bacterial inhibition growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The PCL/CS could be appropriate to supply a model the drug delivery system for the medical application.


[1] The International Heat Flow Commission global geothermal data set contains over 10,000 borehole temperature logs worldwide. Only about 10% of these data are currently used for climate studies because a number of known nonclimatic energy perturbations are superimposed on the climatic signal. Here we propose a first-order approach in terms of ground surface temperatures (GSTs) to attempt to correct borehole temperature data for the effects of one of these nonclimatic energy perturbations: deforestation. We simulate the ground surface temperature changes following deforestation using a combined power-exponential function describing the organic matter decay and recovery of the forest floor after a clear-cut. Application of this correction could allow many borehole data to be incorporated into the borehole climatology database and, at the same time, may allow land surface models to use geothermal data in regions of known land disruption in order to optimize land surface energy exchange parameterizations.


The large corpus of real time magnetic resonance image sequences of the vocal tract during speech production that was recently acquired and can be referred to as MRI-TIMIT, provides us with a unique platform for systematically studying articulatory dynamics. Compared to previously collected articulatory datasets, e.g., using articulography or X-rays, MRI-TIMIT is a rich source of information for the entire vocal tract and not only for certain articulatory landmarks and further has the potential to continue increasing in size covering a large variety of speakers and speaking styles. In this work, we investigate an articulatory representation based on full vocal tract shapes. We employ an articulatory recognition framework in MRI-TIMIT to analyze its merits and drawbacks. We argue that articulatory recognition can serve as a general validation tool for real-time MRI based articulatory representations. Index Terms: vocal tract shape, articulation, real-time MRI, articulatory recognition


Kung & Wong' reported severe gastric bleeding in a young male 9 yr after transgastric plication of esophageal varices associated with portal hypertension. They considered the hemorrhage had arisen from a ruptured submucosal gastric artery, one of several large tortuous arteries in an 'angiomatous malformation' attributed to maldevelopment. Also present were dilated, thickened phlebosclerotic gastric submucosal veins. However, the presence of unusually tortuous and numerous large dilated vessels, particularly with walls of irregular contour and thickness, strongly suggests an arteriovenous aneurysm or anastomosis,2 which their Fig. 3 illustrates well. As i t is doubtful whether a purely arterial 'angioma' could ever exist in the absence of an arteriovenous shunt, any such claim must be substantiated by detailed proof, rather than subjective opinions, as in the case under discussion or in any cited in the literature. The dilated phlebosclerotic submucosal veins in the pylorus and antrum of the stomach are more likely to be draining veins of an arteriovenous aneurysm, in which phlebosclerosis is pronounced,2, ' than varices associated with portal hypertension. Kung and Wong' suggest that the lesion is a developmental fault. but the pathological evidence they provide is indicative of an arteriovenous aneurysm and, as most of these lesions outside the cranial cavity are acquired and due to trauma, their assumptions of a developmental etiology are unjustified. It is now recognized that small arteriovenous aneurysms follow cranial trauma with many. though not necessarily all. undergoing spontaneous thrombosis and, therefore. it is likely that intracranial lesions are more often than not traumatic. rather than developmental.? Similar small traumatic arteriovenous shunts also follow renal and liver biopsies, hair transplants and minor injuries. so it cannot be ruled out that the gastric lesion reported by Kung & Wongl is just such another persistent arteriovenous aneurysm, one that developed postoperatively 9 yr previously when the surgical procedure involved the area of distribution of the left gastric artery. Angiographically, however, there are several unexplained features. Firstly, the technique used has bearing on any conclusion since slow injection of a high volume of contrast material is often used and the precise timing of the angiogram is an essential element, for i t is not unusual to have both arterial and venousphases on the same f i h 4 If the angiogram was taken very early in the injection phase. with early filling of veins apparent, this could be consistent with the diagnosis of arteriovenous aneurysm. The injection appears to have been made in the celiac axis (reflux of contrast into the aorta can be seen), yet the splenic artery is not visible in a patient with a supposedly patent splenorenal shunt. The somewhat pruned appearance of the hepatic arterial branches I S consistent with hepatic cirrhosis, all of which raises the question of which secondary circulatory changes in particular are likely to have occurred following the transgastric plication of varices, the splenorenal shunt and Polya gastrectomy, all of which were performed prior to the angiogram in a patient with portal hypertension and possible obstruction of the splenic artery. Extensive secondary circulatory changes could be expected following such major surgical palliation in the patient, and it becomes impossible to concede that the authors' pathological and angiographic conclusions are consistent with the evidence presented. The authors allege multiple berry aneurysms of the submucosal arteries were present. but aneurysmal dilatation can occur in both arteries and veins of an arteriovenous shunt, and i t is recognized that berry aneurysms are prevalent on the afferent arteries of cerebral arteriovenous aneurysms.2 They are probably attributable to the hemodynamic stresses to which afferent arteries are subjected. Aneurysmal dilatations of afferent arteries develop in experimental arteriovenous fistulae and in the post-traumatic arteriovenous aneurysms of man, so aneurysmal dilatations could very likely occur in association with the vascular lesion reported by the authors. However, the structures referred to cannot be berry aneurysms as they d o not arise at the apex or crotch of an arterial fork where medial 'defects' (a misnomer) or medial raphes occur.2.5 It cannot be too greatly emphasized that caution must be exercised in any diagnosis of an aneurysmal dilatation from a histological section, especially in vessels of an arteriovenous aneurysm. Oblique sections through the origin of small branches are repeatedly mistaken for aneurysmal dilatations and, in the absence of evidence from serial sections or microangiography, these authors have not made good their claim. This is a further instance of the need for the review of unusual pathological lesions by a panel of experienced vascular pathologists. Kung & Wong' allege that cerebral berry aneurysms are the result of developmental F d U h in the media and internal elastic lamina. This view is not based on sound scientific evidence, and is quite outmoded. All the evidence currently available substantiates the concept that the aneurysms are acquired, and that hemodynamic stress is the crucial factor in their etiology and pathogenesis.*, 5 .


Our state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises have low efficiency and always put themselves in poor positions in the competitive markets, the reason being that state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises are unable to avoid the high agency costs caused by the repeated agencies. On the contrary, The competitive advantages of the other small and medium-sized enterprises come from the combining the owner and business manager to one person that leads to no costs of agency links. The reform idea of " set free and make alive " is to get over the state-owned property rights system obstacles for the small and medium-sized enterprises to set up the flexible business management system. The property rights system of the small and medium-sized enterprises must meet the market requirements of the business management system. This is the only way to ensure that the small and medium-sized enterprises enhance their efficiency and competitive power.


This essay introduces a previously unpublished memorial album of the American College of Tehran compiled by a former student during the early Pahlavi period. The album contains a wide range of contributions by College faculty, associates, occasional visitors as well as fellow students and encompasses material on national history, ethics, sports, military service, mathematics and poetry, as well as numerous pencil drawings and art work. In addition there is a wide range of photographs of the College, its faculty and staff, its diverse student body, classrooms, athletics, special occasions and outdoor activities (a list of the album's contents and samples of contributions and photographs are appended to the essay). As discussed in the essay, and in manifold ways, the documentary evidence illustrates how both physically and cognitively the College provided a necessary space for participation in educational reform during the early decades of the twentieth century. Seen from this perspective, it was part of a wider context of modernization with which a broad range of individuals from different social and community backgrounds and generations identified themselves. On the whole, the album offers valuable glimpses into the social and educational aspects of the early Pahlavi Iran.


A 71-76 GHz high dynamic range CMOS RF variable gain amplifier (VGA) is presented. Variable gain is achieved using two current-steering trans-conductance stages, which provide high linearity with relatively low power consumption. The circuit is fabricated in a MS/RF 90-nm CMOS technology and consumes 18-mA total current from a 2-V supply. This VGA achieves a 14-dB maximum gain, a 30-dB gain controlled range, and a 4-dBm output saturation power. To the authorpsilas knowledge, this VGA demonstrates the highest operation frequency among the reported CMOS VGAs.


With adoption of literature study and logic analysis,this paper expatiates on the reasons of inappropriate definition of sports humanities and sociology,which come from different ways of defining,the ambiguity of the Chinese language and special historical background of establishing sports humanities and sociology discipline.To solve the problem,related measures should be taken such as clear defining of relation between the concept and the words,avoiding ambiguity and taking different ways of defining.


In order of evaluating first service fertility (FPS) on dual purpose heifers, this research was carry out with the electronic records from two commercial herds. A total of 6,823 records from crossbred animals. The response variable was first service fertility of the heifers. The analyses were realized under two approaches: classic and Bayesian. For the classic analysis, it was used a simple animal model that included the discrete fixed effects of herd, breed group and year-season of service, as well as the covariates age at the first service and weaning weight, both in quadratic form. In addition, it included the random additive direct genetic effect of the animal and the residual. In the first case, the analyses were realized with the program MTDFREML. Whereas in the second case, the data were analyzed with the same model animal in a threshold form, for which was used the program MTGSAM. Under this approach the size of the sampling chain, the burn in period and the thinning rate were approximated with GIBBSIT program, whereas the analysis of posterior distribution of the sampling chain were realized with program GIBANAL. The overall length of the chain was 136,000 samples, discarding the first 1,000 and settling down a thinning rate retaining each 14 th element of the sequence. The global percentage of FPS was of 65%. Under the classic approach the heritability was 0.03 ± 0.02, which once transformed to the underlying normal scale raised to 0.05. Meanwhile under the Bayesian approach the analysis of the 9,642 samples reflected that the average of the posterior distribution of the heritability was 0.0735; the median of the same distribution was 0.0650, with estimators in the rank between


735 of the components of blood vessels, one major technique used in experimental embryology has been the construction of quailchick chimeras, which exploits species differences in nuclear structure to permanently mark cells ("fate map") grafted from a donor to a host embryo . The endothelial cell lineage becomes distinct from other future mesodermal progeny at a very early time point, when the future head is barely distinguished by an anterior transverse buckling in the germ layers. A tyrosine kinase receptor to the vascular endothelium growth factor, known as VEGFR2, is already expressed at this time point in a subset of cephalic mesodermal cells that subsequently acquire characteristics of endothelial cells . Vasculogenesis, the de novo creation of vascular tubes from endothelial and pericytic precursors, takes place in the early embryonic yolk sac and allantois, as well as in intraembryonic sites such as the bilaterally paired dorsal aortae. VEGFR2-expressing precursors coalesce and cavitate to create a primary capillary network. Thereafter, new vessels are created by sprouting from pre-existing vessels, even primitive ones. This process is known The adult head of vertebrates presents a particularly complex three-dimensional volume, with heavy localized demands for oxygenation and nutrition within the dense parenchyma of the brain. Despite the structural complexity of the head, underlying principles of its organization become apparent after examining the developing embryo. The head starts out as a superposition of three cellular sheets: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Deformation of these apparently uniform sheets around the anterior end of the notochord, providing the longitudinal axis of the organism, creates a cul-de-sac in which the structures of the head will later develop. Blood vessels are constructed from endothelial cells, in direct contact with the circulating blood and in tight contact with each other; from pericytes, multipotent contractile cells on the abluminal surface of the endothelial cells that are responsible for the secretion of a tissue-specific basal lamina ; from concentric layers of smooth muscle cells (one or more depending on vessel type), and from connective cells which maintain the position of the blood vessel within the tissue or cavity. In order to discover the origins as angiogenesis and occurs throughout life. By following the fate of grafted cells in early chick-quail chimeras, it has been shown, for example, that the loose mesoderm lateral to the future brain gives rise to both striated muscles and the endothelium of all cephalic blood vessels. According to the anteroposterior level at which grafts were performed at one developmental stage, corresponding segments of the ensuing cephalic blood vessels contained endothelial cells of graft origin (nearby muscles also contained grafted cells) . Neural crest cells (NCC) delaminate from the left and right boundaries between the ectoderm and the median neural plate as the latter forms the tube which will give rise to the central nervous system. NCC remain mesenchymal until they colonize the appropriate locations, where they differentiate into the peripheral nervous system, certain types of endocrine cells, and all pigment cells aside from the retinal pigmented epithelium . Specifically in the head, NCC also give rise to many tissues which in the body are mesodermally derived. These include the intercalating connective compoVasculoand Angio-Genesis in the Head and Neck


The reaction between N1-methylnicotinamide iodide (NMNI) and the active methylene group containing compounds yields a fluorescent product, which can be used in the quantitative determination of certain drugs.

The objective is to develop, adapt and validate a simple spectrofluorometric method for the quantitative analysis of modafinil 1, budesonide 2, allicin 3 and florfenicol 4.

A C4 cyclization pathway was confirmed for the formation of the fluorophore. The spectrofluorometric method showed good linearity (R2= 0.996-0.999) over concentrations of 1-50 ng/mL, 0.5-5 ng/mL, 60-150 pg/mL, and 1-15 ng/mL of the standard solutions of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.

Spectral analysis (elemental analysis, 1H, 13C NMR, MS), computational methods (geometry optimization, Gibbs free energy and pKa calculations) and spectrofluorometric approaches were conducted.

The proposed method is simple and suitable for quality control and assurance studies


Fran X-ray analysis, conformation and molecular structure of N-acetyl-L-thiazolidine-4 -carboxylic acid has been determined. The conformation of the thiazolidine ring is that of an envelope β−. Crystal data are as follow: monoclinic, P21; a = 6.402(5), b = 10.382(7), c = 6.234 (5)A, β = 105.56(7)°, V = 399.2 A3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.46 Mg m−3.