We demonstrate an electric field control of spin lifetime at room temperature, across a semiconducting interface of Nb:STO using Ni/AlOx as spin injection contacts. We achieve this by a careful tailoring of the potential landscape in Nb:STO, driven by the strong response of the intrinsically large dielectric permittivity in STO to electric fields. The built-in electric field at the Schottky interface with Nb: STO tunes the intrinsic Rashba spin-orbit fields leading to a bias dependence of the spin lifetime in Nb:STO. Such an electric field driven modulation of spin accumulation has not been reported earlier using conventional semiconductors. This not only underpins the necessity of a careful design of the spin injection contacts but also establishes the importance of Nb:STO as a rich platform for exploring spin-orbit driven phenomena in complex oxide based spintronic devices.


Objective
To investigate the correlation of variations of ABCB11 gene and primary intrahepatic stone (PIS).

Methods
The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 319 patients with PIS and 344 healthy controls who were admitted to the Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University between December 2012 and December 2015 were collected. Three hundred and ninteen patients with PIS and 344 healthy controls were respectively allocated into the PIS and control groups. Twenty-seven exons in ABCB11 gene were detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sanger sequencing. Observation indicators included: (1) variations and genotype frequency distribution of ABCB11 gene in the 2 groups; (2) correlation analysis between variations of ABCB11 gene and clinical data of patients with PIS: preoperative indicators of liver function test, recurrent episodes of cholangitis, preoperative obstructive jaundice, type and recurrence of stones. Comparison between groups in variations and genotype frequency distribution of ABCB11 gene was analyzed by the Logistic regression. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed to explore the correlation between genotype of ABCB11 gene and clinical test results of patients with PIS. Correlation between genotype of ABCB11 gene and clinicopathological data of patients with PIS was analyzed by the chi-square test.

Results
(1) Variations and genotype frequency distribution of ABCB11 gene in the 2 groups: whole-exome sequencing results showed that synonymous mutations of rs3815675, rs2287616 and rs497692 and missense mutations of rs2287617, rs2287622 and rs118109635 in the PIS group were respectively detected in exon 4, 9, 24 and 9, 13 , 21. CT genotype frequency of rs118109635 was 4.70%(15/319) in the PIS group and 1.45%(5/344) in the control group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference [OR=3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-10.40, P<0.05]. GG and AG+ GG genotype frequency of rs497692 were 46.08%(147/319), 87.46%(279/319) in the PIS group and 37.79%(130/344), 79.36%(273/344) in the control group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (OR=1.73, 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05-2.83, 1.04-2.61, P<0.05). (2) Correlation analysis between variations of ABCB11 gene and clinical data of patients with PIS: levels of glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and direct bilirubin (DBil) in the PIS group were 167 U/L (range, 7-1 968 U/L), 166 U/L (range, 36-1 527 U/L), 4 μmol/L(range, 1-272 μmol/L) in the CC genotype of rs118109635 and 433 U/L(range, 17-864 U/L), 232 U/L (range, 85-613 U/L), 6 μmol/L(range, 2-173 μmol/L) in the CT genotype of rs118109635, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (H=6.025, 5.879, 8.056, P<0.05). Globulin level of PIS group was respectively 32 g/L(range, 20-40 g/L), 34 g/L(range, 17-50 g/L) and 33 g/L(range, 14-49 g/L) in the AA, AG and GG genotype of rs497692, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (H=12.119, P<0.05). Of 81 patients with recurrence of PIS, GG and GA genotypes of rs2287617 were detected in 78 and 3 patients, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=5.367, P<0.05); TT, TC and CC genotypes of rs2287622 were detected in 12, 39 and 30 patients, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=6.153, P<0.05). Of 127 patients with obstructive jaundice, 116 and 11 patients had CC and CT genotypes of rs118109635, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=7.381, P<0.05); 11, 43 and 73 patients had AA, AG and GG genotypes of rs497692, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=11.364, P<0.05).

Conclusion
There is a correlation between rs118109635 and rs497692 of ABCB11 gene and PIS, meanwhile, the above variation loci are associated with obstruction of biliary tract and cholestasis.

Key words:
Primary intrahepatic stone; ABCB11; Genetic mutation


As a preparation for the use of microwave information from the future meteorological polar orbiting satellites, a field campaign was camed out in Finland during winter 1990. Airborne microwave instruments from 5 GHz to 157 GHz were used during the campaign over different surfaces: open sea, ice, snow and forest. Supporting ground measurements were carried out over ice and over three land lines. It is hoped that the campaign helps to understand the possibilities for improving the future atmospheric sounding capabilities over northern latitudes. The campaign and the motivation for it is described.


The icy shells of Enceladus and Europa consist from top down of cold (~100 K) ice at low (<0.1 MPa) pressure, cold ice at high pressure up to ~10 MPa, and warm ice near 273 K the base. The pressure ~10 MPa and temperature near 273 K of basal ice within Enceladus and Europa are similar to that within terrestrial glaciers that are known to have seismicity (icequakes). Warm ice easily melts during sliding so its icequakes are qualitatively explained and expected on these satellites if the macroscopic strain rates are comparable to those within terrestrial glaciers subjected to oceanic tides. However, cold ice at high pressures does not readily macroscopically melt during sliding. A dynamic weakening mechanism for crustal faults in rock may be applicable to Enceladus and Europa. Micron‐scale real contacts support ~0.4‐GPa shear tractions and normal tractions on rapidly sliding ice faults. At sliding velocities above ~0.1 m/s, the asperity tips of the contacts become hot and weak in ice. The macroscopic friction depends on the average strength of the asperity tips during the lifetimes of contact. The strength of the asperity tips self‐organizes so that frictional heating balances the heat lost from the asperity tip by conduction. The macroscopic coefficient of friction at coseismic sliding velocities decreases to a modest fraction of the low‐velocity coefficient of friction, but does not approach zero. This velocity‐weakening mechanism likely allows major icequakes within the cold interiors of Europa and Enceladus.


Since 1989, the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) attempts to ensure that for each gene there is one name and one symbol. The resulting standard nomenclature is, however, poorly applied in clinical studies, which impairs the efficient retrieval of information. This lack of support is reflected in the present survey of articles reporting on disseminated tumor cell detection. (Int J Biol Markers 2008; 23: )


The subject of the book is to apply microeconometric
techniques to labor economics and criminal behavior.
Chapter one builds and estimates an econometric model
of recidivism for the USA using data set of released
prisoners from state prisons in 1983. The chapter
extends the literature on the application
of econometrics to criminal behavior by treating the
process of recidivism as a competing
risks model where dependence arises from unobserved
heterogeneity.
Chapter two evaluates the effect of a reemployment
program for ex-convicts on recidivism behavior. The
econometric model has to deal with the following
institutional
aspects of the program. First, upon release, each
ex-inmate looks for a job. Second, at the same
release-time the ex-criminal
could commit a crime, i.e., recidivate. Third, the
difference
between controls and treatments samples only occurs
conditional on finding a
job. Hence, the timing of receiving the treatment is
random and endogenous. This chapter extends the
literature
on econometric program evaluation by building and
estimating a model that considers
the conditional feature of the treatment. The results
show that the program helps reduce criminal
activity.


At no other time in the history of the United States have immigrants represented such a large share of the population. In 2012, 40.8 million or 13% of the U.S. population was foreign born (Migration Policy Institute, 2014). In addition, immigrants are taking a larger share of the housing market—both rental and homeownership markets (Myers & Pitkin, 2013). Projecting into the future, the native-born population is expected to stop growing by 2040, and immigrants and their children will be the primary source of new housing demand (Immigration Task Force, 2014). In recent decades, not only has the share of immigrants changed, but their patterns of settlement have also been distinctively different in a number of ways. First, a greater number of immigrants are bypassing traditional gateways cities, such as Los Angeles, California, and Miami, Florida, and are locating in new destination states, such as Colorado, Georgia, Nevada, and North Carolina (Singer, 2004). In these states, they are more likely to move to emerging gateway cities that are experiencing overall population growth and rapid immigration growth, such as Atlanta, Georgia, and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina. Second, immigrants are less likely to settle in urban neighborhoods today than in the past and opting instead for the suburbs (Singer, 2004). This is particularly true in emerging gateway cities. Immigrants are also settling in small, economically depressed towns that are undergoing economic restructuring, thereby helping to revitalize them. Finally, the geographic diffusion of immigrants to new regions of the country and communities has dramatically altered local places and spaces. Rapid immigrant settlement disrupts and reconfigures the social and physical fabric of communities. As soccer fields replace baseball fields and churches celebrate fiestas instead of bazaars, immigrants are weaving their ethnic and cultural traditions into classic American towns. These trends indicate that immigrants and their children will play an even more significant role in the U.S. economy by shaping future demand for housing. Consequently, how U.S. immigration and housing policies work—independently and in concert—to integrate immigrant families will have a profound impact on whether and how immigrants participate in the housing market. These public policies will also affect the character of neighborhoods and regions where immigrants settle. At the federal level, if Congress passes comprehensive immigration reform that allows a path to citizenship for the estimated 11.3 million undocumented immigrants (Passel, Lopez, Cohn, & Rohal, 2014) currently living in the country, this could move more immigrant renters into


Giant cell tumor (GCT) is one of the most common benign bone tumors that can metastase to distant organs such as lungs as the most common site; however, pulmonary metastasis does not mean poor prognosis. We report a case of lung metastasis of giant cell tumor with varicose vessels within them, which is an extremely rare radiological appearance. Varicose vessels within these metastases have the same radiologic appearance resembling arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and if diagnosed inaccurately it can affect patient management significantly. As these varicose vessels have a potential risk of bleeding during biopsy or even spontaneously that can lead to hemothorax, we recommend contrast enhanced computed tomography scan (CT scan) after detecting lung metastasis in patients with giant cell tumor. We report here a case of varicose vessels within lung metastasis of giant cell tumor, which is a rare radiologic manifestation.


Permeability is an important characteristic of asphalt mixtures. However, there is much confusion regarding the measured value of coefficient of permeability obtained from different sources. It is not uncommon that reported values for similar materials have up to 100 times difference. A study has been conducted at the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC) to investigate the drainability of five different types of asphalt mixtures that are used for pavement surface layers as well as base course layers. These mixes include: (1) a traditional design of Louisiana Type 8 dense-graded mixture, (2) 19-mm Superpave wearing course mixtures, (3) a traditional open-graded Louisiana Type 501 asphalt treated base mixture and (4) a newly developed open graded large stone asphalt mixture (LSAM). A dual mode flexible wall permeameter has been developed for the purposes of measuring the water permeability or the hydraulic conductivity of asphalt mixtures. This device works on both constant head and falling head principles. It is also capable of determining the material hydraulic conductivity when the common Darcys Law is no longer valid, a situation the authors found to be true for the studied drainable asphalt mixtures (Type 501 asphalt treated base mixture and open graded LSAM). A statistical model to predict the hydraulic conductivity has been developed for the drainable asphalt mixtures in the range of materials of this study.


The radiation behavior of a microstrip traveling-wave antenna is theoretically analyzed using a time-domain method based on the FDTD. The time evolution of the fields and currents computed by the FDTD can be given in the frequency domain on a large bandwidth using Fourier transforms. Then it is possible to deduce classical parameters as the radiated field, the gain, and the power delivered by the antenna. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Background: Medical expenses are on an increasing trend due to "medical innovation". The Japanese government introduced health technology assessment (HTA) in April 2016. HTA is the systematic evaluation process of scientific value, economic, social and ethical issues related to medical technology with fair and robust methods while ensuring transparency. Two achievements are expected in our research. First, we establish the evaluation standard for the interpretation of the results of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of clinical trials for a standard treatment for breast cancer. Next, we can re-evaluate the HTA9s decision making based on the viewpoint of general Japanese population from the perspective of cancer patients. We believe this research can contribute to the creation of a healthcare system that is meaningful to patients, clinicians, industries, and healthcare policymakers. Specific Aims: The aim of this study is to prove how Japanese breast cancer patients who received treatment in Japan consider the financial value (willingness to pay; WTP) for their life and health by using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), prospectively. Based on our results, we will construct an evaluation axis from patients' viewpoint for the cost effectiveness of clinical trials to establish standard treatments for breast cancer. Key Eligibility Criteria: For Japanese breast cancer patients aged 20 to 79 who meet the followings. Unilateral breast cancer patients who fulfill either i) or ii) below i) Primary breast cancer of clinical stage 0 through III for which surgery and/ or chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy has been completed as initial treatment and that is currently undergoing regular follow-up observations or postoperative endocrine therapy. ii) Undergoing endocrine therapy or first-line through third-line chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent cancer at least 2 months. Trial Design: This study will be conducted by the Breast Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). We will investigate WTP for hypothetical scenarios for primary breast cancer patients (PBC) and metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC), using a two-step dichotomous-choice method in CVM. For PBC, we will evaluate the monetary value of the prevention of recurrent cancer. Therefore, to investigate WTP, we will present hypothetical new treatments for preventing breast cancer death to these patients. In MBC, new treatments for extending survival time is presented as hypothetical scenarios and the patients' WTP is investigated. Statistical Methods: Questionnaire data that is returned by 4 weeks (postmark deadline) after enrollment is completed at the facility and will be considered valid and analyzed. While the WTP amounts of individual responders are not clarified with the two-step dichotomous-choice method, analyses will proceed considering the obtained responses as follows. With the two-step dichotomous-choice method, if the first stage response is yes, a higher amount will be displayed for the second stage. If the first stage response is no, a lower amount will be shown for the second stage. Target Accrual: The study will be conducted in two stages. First, 168 patients (84 patients with PBC and 84 patients with MBC) will be examined to determine their WTP for setting up the dichotomous-choice method survey form. Next, 1,596 patients (798 patients with PBC and 798 patients with MBC) will be surveyed on their WTP for hypothetical scenarios in CVM. Approximately 1800 patients with primary breast cancer and stable metastatic breast cancer are enrolled. Contact information for people with a specific interest in the trial: Tsuguo Iwatani, MD, PhD. Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East firstname.lastname@example.com Citation Format: Tsuguo Iwatani, Fumikata Hara, Hiroji Iwata, Tadahiko Shien, Takashi Hojo, Yasuaki Sagara, Norikazu Masuda, Masato Takahashi, Shigehira Saji, Tomomi Fujisawa, Naoto Kondo, Akihiko Shimomura. Estimation of willingness-to-pay for breast cancer treatments through contingent valuation method in Japanese breast cancer patients (JCOG1709A) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-13-01.


This article analizes the effects that the non-consecutive reelection in Congress has had over the evolution of Mexico's party system. It argues, first, that the binding rotation of office introduced in. 1933 has been closely linked to the development of the hegemonic party. Non-consecutive reelection enabled the national leaders of this party to establish centralized control over the nomination of candidatas, and provided them with a great institutional ability to co-opt emergent political movements and handle the conflict of ambitions over elective offices. It aleo handed them powerful means to reward discipline sanction uncoperative behanior.


Recently, intrusion detection research has make some important achievements. A variety of classical machine learning and entropy analyze algorithms has been applied to intrusion detection with varying levels of success. In this paper, we analyze the traffic connection statistics information, and give the definition the In/Out flows normal and abnormal statue. To calculate two classes probability KL-divergence, we proposed a novel DDos detection mechanism, which can robustly detect the DDos attack and abnormal network status through combine the related entropy of packet-context with KL-divergence. Experiment results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the percentage of false positives. The adaptive model based on related entropy of packet-context has a significant advantage in detection speed and performance.


External preference mapping (PREFMAP) relates the preference data of a group of consumers to a multi-dimensional representation of the stimuli. This representation can be obtained from descriptive sensory data generated by a panel. Four vegetable oil samples were analysed. Three different stimulus spaces were obtained from generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) of descrip tive sensory data generated by three panels (12 assessors): a non-selected panel, a selected panel and the latter after training. The preference data of each consumer was regressed against the product co-ordinates obtained from each stimulus space using the vector model. The interpreta tion of stimulus space was easier with selected assessors, but in an overall sense the three stim ulus spaces were similar. However, the slight differences between the different sensory spaces produced important differences in the PREFMAP interpretation.


Shear-resistant light-gage metal diaphragms, such as wall cladding, roof decking, and floor panels, often are connected directly to beams or columns of a steel framework. Using an energy approach, analytical methods are developed for predicting the buckling strength of individual diaphragm-braced I-section members in the plane of the diaphragm. Sixteen tests of centrally loaded double-column assemblies with diaphragm bracing on one or both flanges, and eight tests of double-beam assemblies with diaphragm bracing on the compression flange, give satisfactory agreement with theoretical results. Theory and test results both indicate that shear-resistant diaphragms can be effective in increasing the buckling load of slender columns and beams.


Book synopsis: The central question that Seu and Heenan have posed to contributors to this book is to explore critically how their feminist beliefs, understandings and commitments inform their work as psychotherapeutic practitioners and researchers. What we are offered is a multiplicity of feminist and psychotherapeutic narratives... The book raises a very serious issue about the nature of the feminist project within psychotherapy... The editors and contributors have created a brave book which articulates the dilemmas of feminist thought and practice within the contexts of therapeutic engagement' - British Journal of Guidance and Counselling

Challenging the notion that one model of therapy or one model of feminism can be privileged above others, this volume reflects on the complexities and multiple dimensions of theory and practice in contemporary feminist psychotherapies.

Practitioners and researchers representing a broad cross-section of viewpoints critically consider their feminist therapeutic frameworks to address from within the practice the ways in which feminist therapy has set gender above and beyond other social inequalities. Drawing on case material from clinical practice, as well as research on feminism and psychotherapy, the authors demonstrate how the tensions inherent in different therapeutic models and feminist beliefs both question and reinforce popular notions of `gender' and `woman'.


Global route planning is a pivotal function of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). For ships, the safety of navigation is the priority. This paper presents the VK-RRT* algorithm as a way of designing the planned route automatically. Different from other algorithms or studies, this study employs electronic navigation chart (ENC) vector data instead of grid maps as the basis of the search, which reduces data error when converting the vector map into the grid map. In addition, Delaunay triangulation is employed to organize vector data, in which the depth value is taken as a factor to ensure the safety of the planning route. Furthermore, the initial planned route is not suitable for ship tracking as it does not consider the ship motion characteristics. Therefore, the planned route needs to be further optimized. In the final part, we also conducted experiments to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm could reduce the lengths of paths by about 23% on average and save planning time; these are largely dependent on the environment.


In December of 1993. South Korea and China initiated negotiation to make a new fisheries agreement for the West and the South Sea. After 6 years and 8 months of negotiation, both countries finally came into an agreement on August 3rd, 2000. However, the agreement did not come into effect immediately due to the failure of agreement on several critical points such as the fishing quota, the range of fishing zone, etc. In April of 2001, two countries reached a complete agreement, which made it effective from Jun 30th, 2001. This study will put a systematic analysis on the fisheries agreement. The purpose of this study is to suggest a guidance for the better fisheries system and provide a basic data for the negotiation between two countries to establish Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which will eventually contribute to national interests. In order to reach the above goals. this study will review the background and process of fisheries agreement and analyze the contents of the agreement. The method of study is bibliographic research, using all materials on the process of negotiation and the international law of the sea.


Polystyrene (PS)/ o-terphenyl (oTP) solutions confined to nanometer scale pores were studied by differential scanning calorimetry to investigate size and confinement effects on the glass transition. We observed two glass transitionsTg in all thermograms for materials confined in the controlled pore glasses. One was at a lower temperature than the bulk state Tg and the other was at a higher temperature. The lower transition temperature decreases with decreasing pore size, which is consistent with previous reports from this laboratory on small molecule glass formers and some other reports in similar systems. Although oTP andoTP/PS are not hydrogen bonding materials, we interpret the higher temperature transition as due to the existence of an interacting layer at the pore surface. A two-layer model in which there exists a ''core'' liquid in the center surrounded by the interacting layer at the pore surface is consistent with our observations.


BACKGROUND: The EmboTrap Recanalization Device is a novel stent retriever for thrombectomy in the setting of acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion. PURPOSE: Our aim was to summarize the safety and efficacy of the EmboTrap Recanalization Device in acute ischemic stroke–large-vessel occlusion through a systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2022. STUDY SELECTION: Nine observational studies using the EmboTrap Recanalization Device were selected. DATA ANALYSIS: We adapted effect size with 95% CIs for dichotomous data. P value <.05 was statistically significant. DATA SYNTHESIS: The estimated rate of successful recanalization (modified TICI 2b–3) was 90% (95% CI, 86%–95%; I2 = 82.4%); 90-day favorable outcome (mRS 0–2), 53% (95% CI, 42%–63%; I2 = 88.6%); modified first-pass effect, 43% (95% CI, 35%–51%; I2 = 63.7%); and first-pass effect, 36% (95% CI, 29%–46%; I2 = 10.7%). The rate of any intracerebral hemorrhage was 19% (95% CI, 16%–22%; I2 = 0.0%); symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, 5% (95% CI, 1%–8%; I2 = 84.6%); and 90-day mortality, 14% (95% CI, 9%–19%; I2 = 79.3%). Subgroup analysis showed higher rates of complete recanalization for EmboTrap II than for the EmboTrap System. LIMITATIONS: The included studies are single-arm without direct comparison with other stent retrievers. Some of the studies recruited had a small sample size and were limited by the retrospective study design. In addition, the uncertain heterogeneity among studies was high. CONCLUSIONS: The EmboTrap Recanalization Device is safe and efficient in treating acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion.


This paper extends the static single facility location problem to a model that permits location changes within a planning horizon of r periods. An algorithm is developed to optimize the sequence of locations in order to meet changes in costs, volumes and locations of destinations.


On the basis of the research on simple analytical computation of vertical dynamic impedance of single-pile, Novak layer method which applies computing the dynamic impedance to vertical vibration for radially inhomogeneous soil was introduced to analyze vertical dynamic pile-soil interaction. The simple analytical computation on the vertical dynamic impedance of single-pile in layered soil was studied, with considerations of radial inhomogeneity of soil. The formula for computing vertical dynamic impedance of single-pile was obtained. Based on the computing formula, the result is found that the dynamic impedance of single-pile considering radially inhomogeneous layered soil will increase when the frequency improves. The extent of the real part of impedance is small, but that of the imaginary part shows an opposite trend. And shear modulus ratio of inhomogeneous soil and homogeneous soil have little effect on the real part of vertical dynamic impedance of single-pile; The vertical dynamic impedance of single-pile has an upward trend when the size of inhomogeneous zone decrease, however if Poisson′s ratio increase sharply, the real part of the vertical dynamic impedance of single-pile will reduce.


With the development of society, science and technology, the online measurement of gas-solid two-phase flow has already become an important requirement. A novel acoustic emission technique was designed in this paper. A probe is inserted into the pipe and the acoustic emission from vibration of the probe relates to the parameters of gas-solid two-phase flow. The experiments indicated that the main frequency of signals was decided by the structure and different sizes and velocity of the particle caused differences in the amplitudes of the main frequency.


The article deals with finding of the area of the central projection of the family of visible segments of a last set of sides of the controlled object. We offer to represent the central projection of the controlled object which is reflected on the camera's sensor, as a set of convex polygons in order to accelerate finding of the total area.


A representative sample (2024 children, 7–16 years old) from fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas was studied. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on oral health habits; caries diagnoses were made by local dentists in municipal dental clinics. In the fluoridated area a positive correlation existed between toothbrushing frequency and occurrence of dental caries. In the nonfluoridated area the correlation was negative. This difference in the effect of toothbrushing on caries was statistically significant. Sugar exposure increased the difference.


Association Rule Mining has been widely used by researchers and practitioners for discovering meaningful rules from large datasets. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in applying association rule mining on data warehouses to identify trends and patterns that exist in the historical data present in large warehouses. However, the application of rule mining algorithms on data warehouses is not a straight forward task. The reason is that the underlying data in a warehouse is modeled in the form of a multidimensional schema, usually the STAR schema, which imposes difficulties in mining rules from its multidimensional structure. Moreover, the data aggregates are stored in the form of data cubes and the presence of dimensional hierarchies makes it even harder to apply rule mining at multiple levels of data abstraction. In this paper, we review the techniques proposed in the literature for mining association rules from data warehouses. Moreover, we critically evaluate the work done in this area and highlight the major limitations and research gaps present in the literature. Literature review reveals that majority of the prior approaches heavily rely on domain knowledge, lack automatic discovery methods, incapable of mining rules at multiple levels of data abstraction, deficient in applying advanced rule interestingness measures and do not provide any visual assistance to analysts for the exploration of discovered rules. In order to overcome these limitations and to fill the identified research gaps, we propose a conceptual model for the discovery of multi-level mining and visualization of association rules from data warehouses. However, the implementation of our proposed model is beyond the scope of this paper.


Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver can masquerade as neoplasia of the liver. It is, however, benign, and it is therefore very important that the entity be recognized.


There has been a growing effort to characterize the time‐varying functional connectivity of resting state (RS) fMRI brain networks (RSNs). Although voxel‐wise connectivity studies have examined different sliding window lengths, nonsequential volume‐wise approaches have been less common.


Recent results [1,2,3] have sought to answer long-standing questions about the critical behaviour of the adsorption transition of polymer molecules in dilute solutions. In particular, whether the crossover exponent &phi has a universal value in all dimensions and how it is affected by solvent quality, modeled by a monomer-monomer bulk interaction. We consider the phase diagram of self-avoiding walks (SAWs) and similar models on the simple cubic lattice subject to surface and bulk interactions, modeling an adsorbing surface and variable solvent quality for a polymer in dilute solution, respectively.In this work we use the flatPERM algorithm to simulate SAWs at specific bulk interaction strengths to focus on locating certain transitions and their critical behaviour.By collating these new results with previous results we sketch the complete phase diagram with particular focus on attractive bulk interactions. Ref. [3] proposed that the large changes to the crossover exponent &phi and the adsorption temperature as the bulk interaction strength is increased is due to multicriticality.We show that this behaviour coincides with the appearance of other phases where bulk collapse is just as important as surface adsorption and the critical temperatures are not the adsorption temperature but are indicative of a transition to these other phases. This implies a simpler picture of the variation of &phi with bulk interaction strength. It is constant on the boundary between similar phases and discontinuously jumps when the phase transition changes type: that is, the normal universal behaviour of exponents. [1] Bradly et al., Physical Review E, 97, 022503 (2018). [2] Bradly et al., Physical Review E, 97, 062141 (2018). [3] Plascak et al., Physical Review E, 95, 050501 (2017).


Abstract
Vitamin D2 was administered to groups of normal rabbits and rabbits made hypertensive by clipping the renal artery and removing the opposite kidney. The effect of vitamin D administration alone (II), renal hypertension alone (III), and both combined (IV) on the degree of aortic mineralization, aortic diameter and aortic connective tissue composition was investigated. The mineral content of the aorta increased from a mean of 2·00% in control rabbit aortas (I) to 5·79% in Group II, 5·29% in Group III and 19·71% in Group IV. A significant synergism between the two treatments was demonstrated. Increased aortic ash concentration was shown to be associated with an increase in the internal diameter of the aorta according to the regression equation: diameter (mm)=0.108M+3·99, where M=aortic ash content in mg%. Neither hypertension nor vitamin D alone had an effect on the connective tissue composition of the aorta, but when combined they were associated with an absolute increase in the amounts of collagen, elastin and non-collagenous alkali-extractable proteins.


Deep learning is widely used to create artificial contents on the Internet. Similarly, it is also used to detect fake contents. Fake frames created and integrated with deep learning algorithms are known as deepfake. Recently, malicious users tend to use deepfake to manipulate genuine contents to carry out variety of attacks. Video conferencing applications has been a significant target of the malicious users since the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic who use deepfake models to create fake virtual identities in online video conferences. We propose a lightweight deepfake detection model that may be integrated with video conference applications to detect fake faces. Experimental analyses show that the proposed model provides acceptable accuracy to detect fake images on video conferences.


In the framework of the development of back-side illuminated CMOS image sensors, high-resolution synchrotron tomography has demonstrated a proportionality between electromigration-induced void volumes and time-to-failure in hybrid bonding-based test structures. A new sample preparation workflow has allowed to employ synchrotron-based tomography for statistical studies and to make it a tool for routine measurements. A conventional failure by voiding in long feed lines of the BEoL was observed. Process-induced bonding voids do not affect the reliability of the analyzed samples. Due to nonuniform distribution of the electric current in the region attached to the via matrix, the failure time is sensitive to the exact location and shape of the electromigration-induced void. This observation is important for understanding the role of via redundancy, which is provided by using via matrices, in increasing electromigration robustness of interconnects.


Over the past two decades, the planetary science community has seen major changes in both computing capabilities on the ground and with the spacecraft flown for planetary science missions. These capabilities allow for more diversity and greater opportunities to perform scientific research and support analysis of the data. However, this paradigm must be embraced and planned for by scientific data systems to ensure that these systems can scale appropriately to support the demands placed on them by both the missions and the users. In the area of planetary science, there is also a growing trend towards internationalization with access to massive data sets. For the Planetary Data System (PDS), this requires an architecture to capture, preserve and deliver data through an online, national system as well as support sharing and interoperability at an international level with other planetary science data archives.


Method for inspecting the quality of a solder joint, characterized in that it implements a probabilistic statistical model that determines a rating for the quality of the solder joint.


Consider the following three-stage strategy for recognizing patterns in larger scenes: Mimic randomization deterministically. Sample several positions of the pattern.Search for sample. Find all occurrences of the sample in the scene. Verify. For each occurrence of the sample, verify occurrence of the full pattern.This strategy has led to the core of the new idea given in this paper. Consider the string matching problem. Given the pattern, a sample of its positions is carefully selected whose size is at most logarithmic (the deterministic sample). Then, the sample is searched for. For nonperiodic patterns, the sample has the following perhaps surprising property. It is possible to disqualify all occurrences of the sample positions but one, within each "neighborhood" of locations in the text, without any further comparisons of characters. This provides sparse verification.This approach enables the text analysis (stages "search for sample" and "verify") to be performed in $O(\log ^ * n)$ time and optimal spe...


This study evaluates the role of protozoa in larval fish feeding by describing protozoa in larval fish diets and testing the hypothesis that, in the Irish Sea, larval fish feed on protozoan prey at rates that potentially sustain their food requirements. Gut contents of 11 taxonomic groups of larval fish were examined, and protist prey occurred in the diet of all of them. Protozoan prey were identified, which provided an insight into their trophic role. Most of the protozoan prey were autotrophic or mixotrophic. In general, larval fish diets were constant over the spring/summer period, regardless of prey availability in the field and the composition of larval fish assemblage (taxonomy and size). A laboratory experiment on ingestion rates of flounder larvae as a function of ciliates concentration was conducted. Combined laboratory and field data showed that, in the Irish Sea, it is unlikely that ciliates are often the primary food source of flounder larvae, and, by implication, other larval fish as well. However, ciliates and other protozoa could be a substantial component of the larval fish diet, and they may potentially prevent food limitation.


The research analyses the specific of usage of proverbs and sayings in Alexander Pushkin's prose works, considers the methods of their translation into Belarusian and discovers the essence of RussianBelarusian paremiological parallels.


We investigated spectral and kinetic characteristics of the luminescence in alkali halide crystals with polyvalent impurities, crystal phosphors based on metal tungstates in the form of nano-, micro- and bulk crystals. The possibility of the existence of complex defects (nanodefects) in materials containing high defect concentration is shown.


We have built a visible light point-diffraction interferometer with the purpose to characterize EUVL projection optics. The interferometer operates at the wavelength of 532 nm and utilizes two identical pinhole wavefront reference sources for generation of both signal and reference wavefronts. In the simple configuration of our interferometer, the main source of system error is the pinhole reference wavefronts. It is important that the reference wavefronts are calibrated and the calibration is stable. The calibration using our refractive test optic is reproducible to better than 0.1 nm RMS. The interferometer measured the wavefront of our refractive test optic with the repeatability of 0.1nm RMS. This paper will discuss the error sources and removal of the errors with experimental results.


s 13th World Congress for Disaster and Emergency Medicine S65 Special Forum: Emergency Preparedness Chair: Dr. Eric Noji, MD, MPH Special Principal Deputyfor Disaster Medicine to the U.S.


In this paper, experiments of a kind of SMA wire are carried out for shape memory effect and the shape memory effect under different temperatures are discussed in detail. Then, a mathematic model of stress-strain of SMA wires is proposed and corresponding model parameters are determined. A new SMA actuator is brought forward and its design formula and control strategy are explained. The construct of the actuator is designed and the variance of effectiveness with the main parameters of the devices is calculated in detail. In addition, reasonable values for the parameters of SMA actuator are given. We also present a simulation scheme for deflection control of the SMA actuator. Based on this method, a simulation was designed and the result is satisfied with the experiment.


With an underlying secure symmetric cipher of key length l, this paper addresses how best to securely generate, distribute, and maintain a large number Λ of random keys, from an information theoretic perspective, under the practical condition that one can manage only a relatively small number L of shared secret bits K, where L ≪ Λ ≤ 2l. Let Ω be a set with cardinality Λ; its elements act as key indices. We first formulate a key management scheme G as a mapping G : {0,1}L × Ω → {0,1}l wherein for each ω ∈ Ω, its key k(ω) = G(K,ω) can be easily computed from K and ω and is distributed implicitly by distributing the key index ω, and the maintenance of the large set of keys Ψ = {k(ω) : ω ∈ Ω} reduces to that of K. Then a new concept dubbed information-theoretical β-security is introduced to measure the security of G. Specifically, G is information-theoretically β-secure if (1) for any ω ∈ Ω, k(ω) is random and uniformly distributed over {0,1}l and hence distributing a randomly selected ω discloses zero information about the key k(ω); (2) for any distinct ω1,ω2 ∈ Ω, the difference between k(ω1) and k(ω2) is random and uniformly distributed over {0,1}l; (3) the transform K → Ψ keeps the total amount of secret information; and (4) for any independent key indices $\left\{ {{X_j}} \right\}_{j = 1}^{n + 1},$ knowing $\left\{ {k\left( {{X_j}} \right)} \right\}_{j = 1}^n$ does not reduce the amount of uncertainty about k(Xn+1) significantly, i.e.,$H\left( {k\left( {{X_{n + 1}}} \right)|\left\{ {{X_j}} \right\}_{j = 1}^{n + 1},\left\{ {k\left( {{X_j}} \right)} \right\}_{j = 1}^n} \right) \geq {\beta _n} \times H\left( {k\left( {{X_{n + 1}}} \right)|{X_{n + 1}}} \right),$ where H(X|Y ) is the conditional Shannon entropy of X given Y , and βn is close to 1 for small n. Among all information-theoretically β-secure schemes, optimal schemes in terms of their strength against adversary's attacks are further characterized. A specific information-theoretically β-secure scheme, namely G∗, is constructed. G∗ is shown optimal.


A series of monotonic and cyclic loading experiments of Shandong Yiexian Marble are performed on the 800t. High Temperature and High Pressure Servocontrolled Triaxial Reholo-gy Appratus with the confining pressure from 10 to 200 MPa and room temperature. Applying the slip-weakening model, we calculated the shear fracture energy(G) by integrating the curve transformed from the post-failure stress strain record. The results show that the influence of pressure and loading condition can change the shear fracture energy greatly. Finally, we discussed this problem and give our preliminary explanation.


A resultsset is a Stata dataset created as output by a Stata program. It can be used as input to other Stata programs, which may in turn output the results as publication-ready plots or tables. Programs that create resultssets include xcontract, xcollapse, parmest, parmby and descsave. Stata resultssets do a similar job to SAS output data sets, which are saved to disk files. However, in Stata, the user typically has the options of saving a resultsset to a disk file, writing it to the memory (overwriting any pre-existing data set), or simply listing it. Resultssets are often saved to temporary files, using the tempfile command. This lecture introduces programs that create resultssets, and also programs that do things with resultssets after they have been created. listtex outputs resultssets to tables that can be inserted into a Microsoft Word, HTML or LaTeX document. eclplot inputs resultssets and creates confidence interval plots. Other programs, such as sencode and tostring, process resultssets after they are created and before they are listed, tabulated or plotted. These programs, used together, have a power not always appreciated if the user simply reads the on-line help for each package.


Abstract. Every organization in this modern era experiences challenges of change due to the uncertainty of the organization's environment. In the view of an open system, the organizational environment is described as everything that is around the organization that may influence and be influenced by the organization. Organizations cannot live without the environment, because both are inseparable entities. Thus changes in the environment must be followed by appropriate adjustment steps by the organization in order to maintain its effectiveness. One way to make adjustments appropriately is it requires management with planned management of change. A planned change process will be able to minimize the risks that will be caused. Whereas the unplanned process of change will have an adverse impact on the life of the organization. Therefore, in managing change it is necessary to apply various approaches, and change management models, so that organizations are able to lead strategic changes.


The SUPERGEN Wind Consortium is led by Strathclyde and Durham Universities and consists of 7 research groups with expertise in wind turbine technology, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, materials, electrical machinery & control, and reliability & condition monitoring. The Consortium has the active support of 19 industrial partners, including wind farm operators, manufacturers and consultants.


Because tissue engineering products and processes are now being transferred from laboratory research into clinical applications, questions are being raised about what is the scope of an optimal clinical trial in this sector. A registry for these clinical trials is currently being established.


Based on long-term practice of physics-teaching,this paper suggests three physics-teaching skills:"object teaching for abstract problem,question-asking for simple problem,simplize to clear for the complex problem."Illustrates the methods to help the students to develop their learning-ability in detail.And concludes that the teaching skill and proper guide of teacher is the key to develop learning-ability of students.


GPS technology is now widely used in GPS systems.But because there are some positioning errors,it's necessary to relocate the GPS data by using map-matching algorithm to improve GPS positioning accuracy.In this paper,first of all,obtain the matched set of roads by buffer analysis,then filter out the useless road set by the use of network topology.While according to the principle of minimum distance,find the correct path.In addition,because of the existence of the missing or non-consecutive locations,it can divide into a number of continuous road sets to improve the accuracy of map-matching result.The effectiveness and applicability of this map matching algorithm is demonstrated by real road experiments.


el mundo de las glándulas'. The notion of 'discovery' in the history of science is problematic. While the function of the glands in the human body in terms of endocrinological balance and the individual make-up of human beings was 'discovered' in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, rather outlandish qualities were attributed to glands and their secretions, and from the mid-1920s Marañón himself began to rethink his formerly over-enthusiastic understanding of the function of the glands. Marañón's texts and ideas together produced an understanding of the role of the glands that was a product of his own aspirations, social context and the dynamics of the field, rather than any 'discovery' of glandular qualities (see Nelly Oudshoorn's work on this question). The second chapter gives an excellent account of Marañón's ideas on sexuality, its functions and pathologies within a broadly Foucauldian account. Marañón's understanding of the sexual differences between men and women (arising in part from the tensions prevalent in Spanish society at the time), his theories on the relationship between ageing and sexual development, the influence of race and culture on sexuality, Freud, eugenics, Don Juan and Amiel, the subject of one of Marañón's extended essays, are all discussed minutely by the author. Throughout this chapter, Vandebosch carefully and respectfully takes Marañón's work apart in order to see how his discourse was tailored in accordance with changing values around masculinity and femininity in Spanish society and with changing scientific approaches. Such is the care with which this is effected, it is a surprise to read that, in contrast to Marañón's essays on endocrinology, those on the subject of sexuality 'no derivan de la obra científica del autor' but from social topics such as the social role of women, maternity and birth control (80). We must ask how such themes can be divorced from Marañón's scientific world view, especially given the kind of interpretive framework Vandebosch suggests. The text is faithful on occasion to a Foucauldian approach, and elsewhere it wishes to tackle how relevant Marañón's ideas are to present-day science ('algunas de sus tesis se ven corrobadas por los científicos actuales' (82, n. 3)). In places, the text wishes to suggest that Marañón's ideas were 'before their time': 'Marañón tardó en darse cuenta de la originalidad de su enfoque' (86, n. 5). Other theoretical tools are required here to understand Marañón's supposed lack of comprehension in a way that does not reiterate a progressive teleological account of the development of scientific thought. This occasionally conflicting interpretation derives from the author's lack of full observance of the Foucauldian division between text as document and as monument, to which she aspires. Marañón's views on Gide's Corydon, for example, although excellently summarized and discussed here, were not as progressive as those of a few other commentators at the time. Likewise, his views on eugenics were not necessarily of the most progressive variety. Vandebosch on both subjects is a little too generous to Marañón. Having said this, this book achieves what it sets out to, that is, to understand Marañón's production of essays not as pure science but as science constructed in social, political and scientific conditions that thoroughly conditioned Marañón's outlook. Marañón's inheritance from the Generation of 1914, the parameters of the ensayo as a genre and the refusal to understand the essay as simply rehearsing scientific understandings are significant merits of this work. A more consistently critical stance to each of these questions recalling the imprecise language of science would have strengthened the book's interpretive force. RICHARD CLEMINSON University of Leeds


In all the playwrights of modern times, Caoyu noted for daring to drawing lessons and being good at borrowing ideas. When producing "sun rise", he used "three elder and younger sisters" written by Russian playwright Chekhov as a source of reference extensively., in which, his drawing lessons from the artistic expressive method of organic combination and mutual blend of tragicomedy and the structure Chekhov-style "lived prose poem" in the play "three elder and younger sisters" is more prominent. Caoyu success of getting resplendent achievements because of using foreign drama as a source of reference provided valuable experience for the development of Chinese stage play.


HAYING flage, War Library I been applied urged for to some the to write librarian literature a book of on the on the Hoover camousubflage, I applied to the librarian of the Hoover War Library for some lite ature n he subject. I was informed that the only references of importance were Solomon J. Solomon's book and some lectures published in the Professional Memoirs, Volume 14, Number 47, of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, by an unnamed British officer. I knew Solomon's book. He was a man of great ability, and President of the Society of British Artists, but he had an amazing obsession that the Germans were making surprise attacks by hiding huge armies under square miles of painted canvas representing railroads, churches, cultivated fields, and so on, and he had written his book in defense of his hallucinations.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells exhibit altered glucose metabolism that is associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance [1]. Nuclear receptor subfamily four group A member 1 (NR4A1...


Disclosed are multi-purpose self-propelled devices and methods for operating self-propelled devices. Some variations can include a spherical housing with an internal drive system, and a multifunction payload space for use in various applications.


Forecasts of future energy-use patterns and energy supplies, which must be based on knowledge of present capabilities and work progress, indicate that electricity should continue to increase its share of total energy if we are to meet our social and economic goals. If emphasis is put on energy utilization rather than consumption, conservation policies can emphasize seeking the highest value from each resource through efficiency and eliminating waste, substituting abundant for scarce resources, and developing unused resources and new technologies. Electricity is considered the most desirable form of energy because it can be produced at remote sites, its delivery can be controlled, and it can be interconnected. Both coal and uranium fuel are needed to produce large quantities of electricity. Although the resources and technology are available, regulation may preclude further development of these two options.


Temiar Religion by Geoffrey Benjamin is an unconventional book. The material ranges from the 1960s to the 2000s, it contains Benjamin's 1967 PhD thesis and letters between Benjamin and Edmund Leach, and it ends in the contemporary period with chapters that can stand on their own. Yet it is precisely this variety of material on Temiar religion that makes the book an insightful and compelling read. Temiar Religion not only discusses the religions and religious practices and beliefs of an Orang Asli community in Malaysia through the better part of 50 years, it is also a compilation of thinking about the sociology of religion, a history of anthropology of the Orang Asli (the general term for Malaysia's indigenous people of which Temiar is the largest group) (p. 20), and a document that traces change in Temiar society. It is the sort of book that professors put on their required reading list for first-year undergraduate classes on anthropology, religion and/or Malaysia with the realization that it should stand in students' bookcases at least until some of them undertake a PhD and long after. In his foreword to the book, political scientist and anthropologist James C. Scott aptly describes the book as a 'sustained, scrupulous, long-term observation and analysis' of religions among Temiar of Malaysia (p. ix). Scott points out that Benjamin has reformulated thinking about the Orang Asli several times over: moving scholars away from thinking about the presence of different indigenous groups as due to successive migration waves (the layer cake theory) to differences brought about due to in-situ hybridization in the Malay Peninsula;1 and from understanding labels such as 'race' as primarily


Introduction: Hand hygiene is the first line of defense and a cost-effective method for reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and antibiotic resistance. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have adequate knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Ensuring proper education of trainees is required as they are the healthcare providers of the future.
Aim: To assess the impediments that both medical and dental trainees face in performing effective hand hygiene.
Materials and Methods: The study questionnaire based on WHO's concepts of "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" and "Six Steps of Hand Hygiene" was sent to 225 participants from 2nd & 3rd MBBS and BDS courses. Associations between variables of interest were tested using the chi-square (χ2) test. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Total 184 (81.9%) students from medical and 41(18.2%) from dental stream participated, 118 out of 225 were females and 107 were males.
Out of 225, 175 (77.8%) participants used soap and water, 32 (14.2%) used hand rub.
Also 98 out of 225 (43.6%) participants think that because of workload the steps of handwashing were missed. The various facilities like access to water, wash basin, soap, hand-rub, facilities for drying hands required for hand hygiene may be lacking as per 31.6% participants.
It was noticed that 96 out of 225 (42.7%) use hand rub for less than 10 seconds duration, 86 (38.2%) for 11-20 seconds, 30 (13.3%) for 21-30 seconds while only 13(5.8%) used hand-rub for than 30 seconds.
For performing handwash, 141 out of 225 (62.7%) used cloth towel, 62(27.6%) used paper-towel and 22(9.8%) used dryer for drying hands.
205 out of 225 (91.1%) participants think increasing the frequency of training and audits will help in improving the hand hygiene.
Conclusion: Formal training in of hand hygiene needs to be incorporated in teaching at the undergraduate level which would ensure adequate and appropriate utilization of resources. Provision of adequate hand hygiene supplies, particularly soap and facilities for drying hands needs to be ensured.

Key words: Healthcare associated infections, Hand rub, Hand wash, Undergraduate students.


Because of the special value of plea-bargaining system,it has been adopted by many countries in the world and become a practical institution,yet these countries have not given the right to the criminal victim.China should establish this system in the future,but it is necessary to endow the criminal victim the application right,the participation right,and the relieving right against the illegitimate plea-bargaining.


The basic quantity for the description of the statistical properties of physical systems is the density of states or, equivalently, the microcanonical entropy. Macroscopic quantities of a system in equilibrium can be computed directly from the entropy. Response functions such as the susceptibility are related, for example, to the curvature of the entropy surface. Interestingly, physical quantities in the microcanonical ensemble show characteristic properties of phase transitions in finite systems. In this article we investigate these characteristics for finite Ising systems. The singularities in microcanonical quantities, which signal a continuous phase transition in infinite systems, are characterized by classical critical exponents. Estimates of the non-classical exponents which emerge only in the thermodynamic limit can nevertheless be obtained by analysing effective exponents or by applying a microcanonical finite-size scaling theory. This is explicitly demonstrated for two- and three-dimensional Ising systems.


In the growth period of poplar, it is easy to be infringed by pests; this will influence the growth of trees, and cause loss for forestry production. In the article, it introduced the breeding and growth features of defoliators and trunk pests and the harmful characters to poplar, summarized the comprehensive control measures, and provided a reference for poplar production.


An improved adaptive fuzzy sliding mode large envelope flight control method was approved.The method realized the inversion of the nonlinear model using wavelet neural network.In order to approach the nonlinear model accurately,the wavelet neural network was optimized using simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm.The sliding mode control was used to compensate the inversion error with adaptive control for improving robustness and transient characteristic performance.The simulation results show the design adaptive fuzzy sliding mode large envelope flight controller has excellent control performance.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Short-Time Fourier Transform Time-Frequency Resolution Multiresolution Analysis Wavelet Transform A Generalization of the Short-Time Fourier Transform Wavelet Transform and Discrete Filter Banks Matching Pursuit Applications to Biomedical Signals Conclusions ]]>


and group2 (n ¼ 22) were those with high IL-17 serum level. In the group2, the rate of patients' pain assessment by visual analogue scale (67.3 � 7.2 vs 32.8 � 4.6; P < 0.001), tender (16.7 � 2.0 vs 8.4 � 1.1; P < 0.01) and swollen (12.3 � 2.3 vs 3.9 � 0.8; P < 0.01) joint count, DAS28 (5.0 � 0.4 vs 2.8 � 0.2 P < 0.01) were significantly higher compare to group1. It was found that in group2 the higher T-lymphocyte amount (CD3) was due to CD4 higher quantity, at the same time CD8 amount was significantly lower (22.2 � 1.5% vs 28.4 � 1.7%, P < 0.05) compare to group1. This caused the immunoregulative index increasing and indicated in the lost of autoimmune process regulation, including Blymphocytes (CD19) activation. The CD154 expression was significantly lower in the group2 (3.4 � 0.4% vs 10.8 � 2.8%, P < 0.05) compare to group1. The difference in autoimmune reaction indices wasn't significant between groups except antibody-producing Blymphocytes (13.7 � 1.5% vs 8.5 � 1.0%, P < 0.05) and IgM RF serum level (2.9 � 0.3 U/ml vs 1.6 � 0.5 U/ml, P < 0.05), which were significantly higher in group1. The IL-17 level had a positive correlative connections with DAS28 (r ¼ 0.7; P < 0.05), circulative immune complex level (r ¼ 0.38; P < 0.05), anti-CCP antibodies (r ¼ 0.4; P < 0.05), IgM RF (r ¼ 0.41; P < 0.05), CD4 (r ¼ 0.38; P < 0.05) and negative correlative connection with CD8 (r ¼ -0.39; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The importance of IL-17 value in immuno-inflammatory and autoimmune reactions development through T-lymphocytes activation in RA pathogenesis was confirmed. Thus the influence on T-depended immuno-inflammatory reaction products synthesis could be a new therapeutic target of RA patients' management. Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The article is devoted to the analysis of conceptual field in folklore text. The analysis is carried out on the example of parables from Uzbek folklore. Three Uzbek parables are analyzed in two different models that we offer. The aim of this study is the search for the main idea in the text, that is, the emotional content that lies on the basis of the text, which will give the exact definition to the text.


In this work, we obtain (Ba0.7Pb0.3)TiO3 materials possessing double critical temperature Tc in resistivity–temperature (ρ–T) behavior by microwave sintering at 1050–1080 °C for 5 min. The cooling‐rate control and postannealing processes modify the relative magnitudes of low‐ and high‐Tc resistivity jumps without altering the Tc values. The donor Ed and trap Es levels of those materials are estimated to be Ed≂0.05–0.07 eV and Es≂1.07–1.32 eV. According to experimental results the voltage sensitivity and transient responsivity of the current passing through double‐Tc materials are observed to be superior to those of single‐Tc materials prepared by the conventional furnace sintering method. Also, the double‐Tc characteristics are attributed to the dual phases with a core‐shell structure. Moreover, the change in the relative proportion of the two phases accounts for the influence of post‐heat treatment processes on the materials' ρ–T behavior.


The profession as an electrical engineer has undergone many changes in the last 20 years. Many of the design jobs have been outsourced, downsized or eliminated. While there is an oversupply of one type of engineer, there is a significant shortage of another type of engineer. Jobs in New York area represent the pulses of the engineering profession. Defense contractors have moved out of the area but microwave engineers are still in demand. Programmers in Java and C# .NET are especially in acute shortages. In the banking, construction, finance and healthcare industry, project manager is the hottest job title. For the displaced electrical engineers, several options remain. First one is to continue sending resume to the design manufacturing firm and trying to get work. Second one is to start his/her own design engineering firm. Then the problem is marketing. Most engineers dreaded marketing. This new design company is normally shortlived. The third choice is to take courses to get new skills that the modern society needs. To take a course in Java, C# or project management, the cost is $1,200 at a two-year college or $2,500 at a professional training organization. Since 1993, IEEE North Jersey Section provided 16 low-cost courses (specifically on C Programming, C++ Programming, Java Programming, Advanced Java Programming, Project Management, Marketing Research, and C# .NET Programming), training a total 214 engineers/professionals by this author. The collaboration between academia, industry and private firms make it possible to achieve the retraining goals. It generated an inventory of the effective activities, developed the action plan and delivered the end results. The bottom line: successfully retrained engineers to work as Java Programmer, C# programmer, project manager or related title. Some of them obtained jobs as Math teachers in high schools or teaching programming courses in colleges/universities. IEEE North Jersey Section, a volunteer organization, also benefited from the financial gains $50,000 running these courses. The money was used to cover many IEEE North Jersey Section activities. The same program may apply to German engineers, since many of the German firms are also outsourcing and downsizing their engineering workforce. Therefore this paper provides a roadmap for international professional societies to retrain their engineers to fit the needs of the modern world.


This chapter expands on the previous one on the role of experiments in Science. It explains the difference between observations of phenomena and controlled laboratory experiments.


This work aims to assess how regional innovation systems support research and innovation smart specialization strategies (RIS3) in coal intensive regions. Although many authors have analyzed energy transition paths for the European coal regions, no study has assessed how the network properties of their innovation systems are aligned with the priorities identified in their RIS3. This work fills this gap, relying on social network analysis (SNA) to assess innovation systems' underlying networks, considering the active role of their nodes, thus, contributing to the innovation systems literature in the areas of modelling, simulation and performance evaluation. Within this work, regional innovation systems are modelled as research networks. These networks are promoted by the consortia funded by the European H2020 program. The assessment of the topology and properties of these networks enables the evaluation of the functioning of the innovation system, its technological strengths, as well as the key players involved. Based on these results, the characteristics of the innovation systems are compared to the priorities established by the RIS3. Three Spanish coal intensive regions (Aragón, Asturias and Castilla y León) are considered as use cases in this study. The obtained results indicate that, in some cases, the technological strengths of the regional innovation systems are not considered in the identification of the RIS3 priorities, while some RIS3 priorities are not supported by the innovation system. Considering these results, this paper proposes recommendations for regional and European policymakers, as well as for participants in the European research programs.


Minor decreases in the vapor pressure of water in solution were accurately determined using a newly established method. The decreases were found to be linear with solute concentration in the range 0.02–0.1 molal. A slope for the decrease of vapor pressure for one molal solutions based on single particles was calculated and compared with the slope generally expected according to Raoult's law. The differences were found to be proportional to the charge and radius of the solute particles. An experimental rule was formulated. It provides a good fit for electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, and polyelectrolytes. The results are interpreted according to a standard state, P°i, for the vapor pressure of each solution at 10−3 molal. It is assumed that the solution obeys Raoult's law in the range 10−3−10−1 molal, substituting P°i for the vapor pressure of water. P°i is smaller than P° by about 0.2% for electrolyte and 1.5% for polyelectrolyte solutions.


Abstract Usnea elixii sp. nov. is a restricted endemic of north Queensland. It is usually fertile, but produces a continuum of morphs, with the other extreme being a sterile isidiate morph with large pseudocyphellae. All morphs produce protocetraric acid.


With this study, the organization and the activities of four leading farmer association
established in Thrace Region of Turkey in 1986, in the center of Tekirdag and in Muratli, Corlu and
Malkara districts of Tekirdag, were discussed as the result of the common studies between Turkish
Agricultural Chamber Union (TZOB) and German agriculture unit (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft, DLG), German Agricultural Technical Cooperation (Gesellschaft fur Technische Zuzammenarbeit, GTZ) that the German Agricultural Ministry (Bundes Ministerium fur Wirtschaffliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ) commission. The results according to the observation are determined every year by the management committee in leading farmer associations and the other organs. In a very democratic method and environment although the managements in Turkey have a hierarchy order. The highest organ of the association is the general committee (members). The management committee gives importance to the information flow between farmer adviser and the members and the appointment of the farmer adviser and the income-expense of the association and auto control is so powerful in the structure of the association. The most important problem is the leavie of the farmer adviser specialized in the communication with the farmers with the leader farmer associations for the attractive salary offers of the private sectors. For this reason, employing new farmer adviser to leader farmer associations, at least two years affect the publishing activities of the leader farmers negatively. Application of the individual and group training by only the leader farmer associations among the farmer associations in Turkey and at the same time the encouragement of the member farmers to the congress and conferences, growing new products, making of the trial and demonstrations successfully in spite of the current conditions in Turkey play an important role in the extension of the reforms of the leader farmer project in the rural region.


Data on the immunotropic effects of traditional drugs - antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic agents-are summarized. The profile properties of cytostatics, immune globulins, cytokines, vaccines, interferons and their ability to develop General organizational effects are analyzed. Data on the types, blocks, principles of immunotherapy administration, and ways to prevent complications are highlighted.
For students and teachers, as well as employees of medical universities.


Objective: To research into the influence of the smoke from the mosquito-repellent incenses in the indoor air. Methods: We observed and measured the concentrations of CO,CO 2,IP,NO 2 in the room when the smoky and no smoky mosquito-repellent incenses were ignited on the different ventilated conditions during different length of ignited time. Results: When the door and windows were shut tightly, the concentrations of CO,CO 2 and IP in the smoke of the smoky mosquito-repellent incense exceeded the standards, no matter how long it was ignited at some time point. From the no smoky one the concentrations of CO exceeded the standard seriously at all time points, and the concentrations of the CO 2 exceeded at some time points. When the door and windows were open, the concentrations of IP in the smoke of the smoky one exceeded the standard, while other concentrations were under the standards. The data of the no smoky one were all under the standards. The concentrations of NO 2 of the two types did not exceed the standards. Conclusion: The smoke from the two types of the mosquito-repellent incenses can pollute the air seriously. The smoky one mainly pollutes the air with IP, and the no smoky one mainly pollutes the air with CO. Keeping ventilative can reduce the air pollution caused by mosquito-repellent incenses effectively.


New York-Adding high-dose vitamin D to docetaxel (Taxotere) in regimens for androgen-independent prostate cancer patients doubles the effectiveness of docetaxel as a single agent, according to results of a nonrandomized study from Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.


A complex simulation model of a heavy duty truck, including an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based waste heat recovery system and a vehicle cooling system, was applied to determine the system fuel economy potential in a typical drive cycle. Measures to increase the system performance were investigated and a comparison between two different cooling system designs was derived. The base design, which was realized on a Mercedes-Benz Actros vehicle revealed a fuel efficiency benefit of 2.6%, while a more complicated design would generate 3.1%. Furthermore, fully transient simulation results were performed and are compared to steady state simulation results. It is shown that steady state simulation can produce comparable results if averaged road data are used as boundary conditions.


"How to produce efficient and error-free software?" is the theme of this session. There will be three papers presented, each describes the result of a current research effort. In the first paper, a testing and debugging methodology which exploits certain properties of a very high level language is presented. The second paper describes a system for verifying correctness of programs. In the third paper, it is shown that the performance of a program can be improved through program manipulation.


This article explores the "fair trial" as a good practice for the construction of public proof. If proof signifies closure on matter(s) at hand, and publicness is taken to signify both "access to" and "participation in" the construction of proof by the publics concerned, the authors contend that the "fair trial" is a good example of building public proof and that its backbone constraints can be of great interest to the defenders and advocates of participative Technology Assessment (pTA), especially citizens' juries.


Abstract 2303 Aim: Before pre-emptive treatment with Rituximab, the incidence of EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) was about 15 to 20% of patients (pts) following allogeneic HSCT with an 80% overall mortality. Rituximab (anti-CD20) in this context has dramatically decreased EBV-PTLD incidence. The aim of this single-center study was to evaluate the incidence on infections and on immune reconstitution following Rituximab for EBV reactivation. Patients and Methods: Sixty-nine pts received Rituximab for EBV reactivation at Saint-Louis Hospital (Paris, France) between January 2005 and January 2010, 44 males and 25 females, mean age 33 years (range, 10–68). Primary diseases were malignant hematopoietic disorders (70%) and aplastic anemia (30%). Fifty-two per cent received peripheral blood stem cells, 39% bone marrow and 9% cord blood. Myeloablative conditioning regimen was given in 71% of pts and reduced-intensity in 29%. Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was given in 70% of pts before Rituximab therapy. EBV-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed weekly during the first 3 months post-HSCT and then monthly until 1 year post-HSCT. Rituximab was administered weekly at the dose of 375mg/m2 after a positive PCR result (>10.000copies/ml) and discontinued as soon as a negative PCR result was available. Median time from transplant to Rituximab treatment was 43 days. Patients were followed-up until death or relapse. Median follow-up from the date of first Rituximab infusion was 27 months (range 4 to 61). Results: All treated pts cleared their EBV viremia after Rituximab. However, one patient developed PTLD despite Rituximab. Incidence of relapse was 5.9% (95%CI: 1.9–13.4) and non-relapse mortality was 41% (95%CI: 29–53) at 36 months. During follow-up, 43 pts developed a bacterial infection, 44 a viral infection and 16 a fungal infection. Infections occurred mainly during the first 12 months after Rituximab. The cumulative incidence of infection at 36 months was 64% (95%CI 50.7 to 74.6) for bacterial, 62.5% (95%CI 49.7 to 72.9) for viral and 24.6% (95%CI 14.7 to 35.8) for fungal infections. Reconstitution of lymphocytes, neutrophils and gammaglobulins after Rituximab therapy was assessed in the 36pts alive and relapse-free at 12 months. Starting from one month after initiation of Rituximab, lymphocyte counts gradually increased, by an average of 11.3% per month (95%CI 10.8 to 11.5; P Conclusions: Rituximab pre emptive treatment has decreased PTLD incidence but is associated with high infection rate and prolonged immune defect. The question of over-treatment can be raised and further studies are needed to select candidates for pre-emptive treatment in order to avoid systematic anti-CD20 treatment and its later potential complications. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In 1996, the Danish Road Directorate decided to replace its existing method of measuring friction, using a stradograph. In an experiment during Summer 1996, the stradograph was compared with two other devices. As a result, the ROAR device was bought in 1997, to replace the stradograph. This article compares the stradograph and ROAR, and discusses tests made during 1998. The stradograph operates with a side force measuring system, calculating friction as the ratio between the vertical load applied to the measuring wheel and the horizontal force acting on the measuring wheel from the pavement. The ROAR uses fixed and varible measuring techniques on the measuring wheel, which runs in the direction of travel. One disadvantage of the stradograph is that prewearing of its tyre must be performed fist. Comparative tests of the two devices were conducted on 22 sections in Denmark, and other roads in Germany and Holland. A very good correlation was found between measurements by both of them. Additional tests of the correlation between them, conducted in 1998, focused on the ability of the ROAR to identify subsections of roads with friction problems and thus needing maintance to meet Danish friction standards. Very good repeatability was found in the results of both devices. The ROAR was thus considered a suitable new device to use.


The present study was directed to assess the Nanak Sagar reservoir's soil and water characteristics, located in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Monthly samplings were conducted at three selected sites during August 2016 to March 2017. The catchment area of Nanak Sagar reservoir is mainly silty and loamy. During the study period, the range of variation in water temperature, transparency, electrical conductivity and TDS was recorded as 16.9 to 340 C, 67.9 to 155.5 cm, 118 to 336 µScm-1 and 91.7 to 156 mg L-1, respectively. The highest values of temperature, transparency, electrical conductivity and TDS were found in the months of September, November, August and August, while the lowest values were recorded in January, August, September and October respectively. Chemical parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, Alkalinity, Phosphate and Nitrate were found to vary from 7 to 8.7, 3.2 to 9.6 mg L-1, 0 to 6 mg L- 1, 60 to 140 mg L-1, 0.043 to 0.2 mg L-1 and 0.224 to 0.64 mg L-1 respectively. The highest and lowest values of pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, total Alkalinity, Phosphate and Nitrate were recorded in the month of January, February, August, February, September while lowest values were recorded in the month of August, September, March, August and March respectively. The reservoir's water quality is within normal condition so fish production from the reservoir could be increased.


In the analyzing process of insulation thickness of building develops,factors of environmental protection are considered.Participation in cooperation in CDM projects,and a simple formula of economical insulation thickness is concluded.Further more,the economical insulation thickness of typical building envelops in Dalian area are analyzed,calculated and compared.The results show that participation in cooperation in CDM projects can not only lower the total investment in energy saving building in a vast scale,but also improve the heat preservation terms quantitatively.It shows positive significance to the energy saving cause in China.This method also has referable and applicable value in some tangible construction designs of energy saving buildings in China.


Abstract : The paper records four presentations on officer training and education research programs made at a briefing. The presentations provide information about selected research projects, summarizing the work, describing progress to date, and giving a forecast of future demands to be placed on military leaders and advisors. (Author)


Abstract Ban Gu's compilation of the Han shu may be seen in the context of a number of intellectual and religious developments. By his time the idea of the Tian ming and the theory of the Wu xing were being applied to imperial times. Officials were quoting the sayings of Kongzi to support their arguments, and the writings of distinguished scholars such as Jing Fang, Liu Xiang, Liu Xin and Yang Xiong were well known. The religious controversies that had begun in the reign of Chengdi had died down. The pursuit of scholarship had received a new impetus thanks partly to the discussions held in 79 ce. Ban Gu drew somewhat freely on existing literature, being prudent to select material that would not arouse enmity; his sister called on official documents to complete her part of the history. As an innovator Ban Gu introduced chapters on subjects that had not been treated in the Shi ji, such as bibliography and the laws. Ready to criticize the actions of officials or the character of an emperor openly, he also contrived to do so implicitly.


For fast restoration of telecommunication services after disasters, it is very important to organize restoration actions with an appropriate restoration policy. It is not easy, however, to identify what restoration policy would be best in the event of disaster. We must evaluate the effectiveness of various supposed policies before a disaster strikes us. For this purpose, we have already reported a software simulator for evaluating the effectiveness of restoration policies, and have presented some simulation results. However, the results are few and simple. For practical use, we must study more results obtained by well organized and systematically planned simulations. This article reports further simulation results for use in identifying the best policy for attaining fast restoration of telecommunication services after a disaster.


A sample of Be stars with large far-infrared excesses detected by IRAS is selected and their high-resolution IRAS images are examined. The far-infrared emission from most of them is marginally extended and is associated with the optical sources. Modeling of the stars' spectral energy distributions allows us to rule out the infrared cirrus nature of the excesses. We suggest that the excesses are more likely due to circumstellar dust, possibly formed early in the evolution of the star.


One of the open questions in all of physics today has to do with the site of the r-process. There are uncertainties associated with the astrophysics, the observations, and the physics of nuclei far from stability. This paper uses existing nuclear physics models and their implied properties for nuclei far from stability to determine the nuclei that have the greatest impact on a given astrophysical scenario. The properties considered are nuclear masses, beta- decay rates, and neutron capture rates individually as well as in a correlated way to identify the most important nuclei in a given r-process trajectory. The ultimate goal is to set some constraints on potential sites of the r-process based on the nuclear properties.


Segmental fractures of the tibia present a challenge to treating orthopedic surgeons due to their infrequent presentation, wide zone of tissue injury, and increased rate of complications. The average union times range from 15 weeks to greater than 40 weeks with fractures demonstrating more delayed unions and nonunion in open injuries. Management primarily using a cast or brace, although infrequently used, is only indicated for low risk patients with a closed fracture, minimal shortening, and minimal angulation. Uni/multi planar external fixation, ringed external fixation, plate osteosynthesis, and Ender Nail placement are useful in selected clinical situations, but intramedullary nail placement represents the most common treatment strategy. Contention over the use of reamed versus unreamed locked intramedullary nails exists but the recommended treatment of closed segmentaltibial shaft fractures is with reamed locked intramedullary nailing. The recommended treatment of open segmental tibial shaft fractures is with unreamed locked intramedullary nailing to maximize fracture biology and to minimize risk of devascularization of the intercalary segment. Although treatment of segmental tibia fractures can be daunting excellent outcomes can be achieved with adherence to meticulous soft tissue management, optimalimplant choice, and close clinical follow up to minimize known complications.


The morphology of 30 flat spectrum (V−I ≤ 0.8), relatively faint (22 ≤ V ≤ 24), low surface brightness (S(V) > 23) galaxies is briefly analysed using good images of five rich galaxy fields obtained with excellent seeing. These objects do not belong to a single populations and can be classified in three types depending on their compactness and multiplicity. Namely there is : (a) a class of compact objects surrounded by a nebulosity, (b) a class of irregular objects with probable isophote distortions at the limite of resolution, and (c) double or multiple systems


Given an M=G=1 queue controlled by an exhaustive policy P, we consider a (P+ )-policy consisting of turning the server on at a random time later than P. The objective is to obtain necessary and su cient conditions such that the (P+ )-policy are better than the P-policy. Under the in nite-horizon average-cost criterion, policies are compared when the costs assumed are linear. When the holding cost is the waiting time cost per unit time per customer, the optimality of the N -policy over, both the (N + )-policy and the D-policy is showed. We will also discuss on the di erent types of T -policies, single and multiple, establishing a relation between them, which is independent of the optimization criterion. c © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


The literature on the entity of the anterior larynx (AL) is restricted to little evidence on the difficulty encountered in exposing the larynx for intubation, perioperative morbidity and mortality, and scant reports on its prevalence in general adults and children. Here, we describe the prevalence of AL in a series of children presenting with aerodigestive symptoms and explore its association with functional abnormalities, congenital and structural anomalies or conditions.


Introduction Guaymas Basin is a submarine depression at the northern end of the East Pacific Rise, midoceanic spreading ridge in the Gulf of California. Various hydrothermal vent complexes occur along this margin. One of which is Cathedral Hill, a cluster of white smokers, some encrusted with tube worms (Riftia pachyptila) and surrounded by a Beggiatoa-dominated sulfur oxidizing microbial mat. Guaymas Basin receives high inputs of organic matter from elevated productivity in the overlying surface waters and runoff from the surrounding continent. The high sedimentation rate produces near-uniform compositions of sedimentary organic matter that is further mixed with the benthic and subsurface microand macro-fauna.


INTRODUCTION :
The polyposis syndromes, a heterogeneous group of
diseases, have been a major focus of study for the last decade and
provide critical insight into the molecular pathogenesis of cancel'.
Despite intense study, these important syndromes are still
clinically confusing and proper objective identification is
necessary for appropriate clinical management.
The term "polyp" derives from the Greek for "multiple feet"
or "little nipple". In current clinical practice a polyp is defined as
any nodule or mass that projects above the level of the
surrounding mucosa, as in the gut, to form a macroscopically
visible structure. Traction on the mass may create a stalked, or pedunculated, polyp.
Alternatively, the polyp may be sessile, without a definable stalk.
The polyps that are formed as a result of abnormal mucosal maturation, inflammation, or architecture, are non-neoplastic and do not have malignant potential, but those that arise as the result of epithelial proliferation and dysplasia are termed adenomatous
polyps or adenomas. They are true neoplastic lesions and are precursors of carcinoma. Some polypoid lesions may be caused by submucosal or mural tumors. However, as with the stomach, the term polyp, unless otherwise specified, refers to lesions arising from the epithelium of the mucosa.
Gastrointestinal polyps are being identified more frequently today because of increased awareness, screening and improved diagnostic tools. The entire gastrointestinal tract is at risk for polyp development but the adult colon and rectum account for the majority of polyps. Painless, bright red, rectal bleeding with normal stool frequency and consistency is the hallmark presentation of colorectal polyps at any age.
Gastric polyps are uncommon and are most frequently hyperplastic polyps, fundic gland polyps and adenomatous polyps. Hyperplastic and fundic gland polyps are essentially innocuous. In contrast, there is a definite risk of an adenomatous polyp harboring adenocarcinoma, which increases with polyp size.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :
To study the incidence and prevalence of gastrointestinal polyps with a clinical, endoscopic and histopathologic correlation.
CONCLUSION :
This study has highlighted the importance of screening for patients with upper Gastro Intestinal Symptoms by detection of unsuspected polyps (44% upper GI polyps). Regarding lower gastrointestinal polyps colonoscopic screening has helped to detect polyps and the histopathological types has helped us in offering proper management options like polypectomy is many. In two patients which appeared as non malignant histopathological examination detected malignancy in them and further investigations helped us to offer curative resections for these patients.


Abstract A phosphorus(P)-deficient, allophanic soil, Egmont black loam, was used in a pot trial to investigate the availability of P adsorbed onto the surface of soil particles. The growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was compared with that of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) over a range of P additions to the soil both with and without mycorrhiza. Ryegrass and clover desorbed P from soil surfaces but clover had a higher P requirement for maximum growth than did ryegrass. Results from the trial and the adsorption curves indicated that soil solution P levels of 10 and 2 fLMP are required for near optimum growth of clover and ryegrass respectively. Clover responded to mycorrhiza at low levels of P but ryegrass showed no significant response.


Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a highly significant contributor to loss of quality and quantity of life all over the world. Early detection and risk prediction is very important for patients' treatment and doctors' diagnose. This paper focus on establishing a more accurate and practical risk prediction system based on data mining techniques to provide auxiliary medical service. In order to be practically used for collecting and analyzing patients' data in healthcare industries, the system consists of four parts: data interface, data preparation, feature selection and classification. Data interface response to obtain hospitals' raw data from hospital; data preprocessing is needed for data integration, data cleaning and rating mapping etc. Key features were then selected by CFS Subset Evaluation combined with Best-First-Search method to reduce dimensionality. Random forest was inducted as basic classifier to identify risk level, which is a prior trial in CVD risk prediction field. Cleveland Heart-Disease Database (CHDD) and Cardiology inpatient dataset of PKU People's Hospital were both tested to confirm accuracy as well as practicality. In CHDD test, our system has a significantly higher accuracy of 91.6% than other methods. In People's Hospital dataset test, it achieves an accuracy of 97%, which is better than most of other classifiers except SVM (98.9%), however random forest only take half of time than SVM. Comprehensively considering the risk prediction system shows great significance in accuracy and practical use for patients' treatment and doctors' diagnose.


Aim: Liver dysfunction is an early finding caused by the inflammation and hypoperfusion developed in sepsis. Magnesium deficiency may contribute to an excessive response to immune stress and inflammatory tissue damage in sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and early liver dysfunction (ELD) in patients with sepsis.
Material and Methods: 142 patients who developed sepsis were divided into two groups according to their liver function, as sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) hepatic subscore <2 (Non-ELD, n=72) and SOFA hepatic subscore ≥2 (ELD, n=70). The disease severity, including the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score and the SOFA score, biochemical determination, and microbiological cultures were evaluated.
Results: ELD patients presented APACHE II and total SOFA scores higher than Non-ELD patients, while PaO2/FiO2 ratios were significantly lower (both p<0.001). Hypomagnesemia and hypoalbuminemia were independently associated with ELD (OR: 6.55, 95% CI: 2.62-16.36, and OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 1.35-15.84, respectively). To predict ELD, the area under the curve was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.89, p<0.001) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.61-0.79; p<0.001) for serum magnesium and albumin, respectively. The mortality rate in all septic patients was 35.0% for hypomagnesemia and 25.6% for normomagnesemia (p=0.065). The mortality rate in ELD patients was 34.1% for hypomagnesemia and 30.7% for normomagnesemia (p=0.415).
Conclusion: The reduction of magnesium levels was associated with increased rates of ELD in critically ill patients with sepsis. Admission hypomagnesemia did not adversely affect mortality neither in all sepsis patients nor in those who developed ELD.


This research aims to increase the motivation of mendesekrisikan intermediate reading comprehension of students with Accelerated Learning approach. The research is the research action class. Accelerated Learning approach is an approach which can overcome the problems in the process of learning, which allows students to create a fun learning activities and can increase the motivation of students to learning. Results of the research cycle I gained an average percentage of memaca ability of students in reading pre-season i.e. 41,13%, while reading 43,68% 42,28% read and post. In cycle II, the average percentage of the students improved in reading skills pre read 70,49%, while reading the 71,79% and 71,35% read the post. This means the target indicator in the study successfully achieved and the implementation of Indonesian Language learning approach to accelerated learning takes place properly. Keywords: Motivation, Accelerated Learning, Indonesian Language, Reading Comprehension Skills