The air pollutant emission is mainly caused by line sources in urban area. For example, the annually totaled air pollutant emission is known to consist of about 80% of line sources in Daegu. Hence, the appropriate assessment on the air pollutants of line sources is very important for the atmospheric environmental management in urban area. In this study, we made a comparative study to evaluate suitable dispersion model for estimating the air pollution from line sources. Two air pollution dispersion models, ISCST3 and CALINE4 were the subject of this study. The results were as follows; In the assessment of air pollution model, ISCST3 was found to have 4 times higher concentration than CALINE4. In addition, actual data obtained by measurement and estimated values by CALINE4 were generally identical. The air pollution assessment based on ISC3 model produced significantly lower values than actual data. The air pollution levels estimated by ISCST3 were very low in comparison with the observational values.


The paper focuses on Sustainability and Corporate Governance from the point of view of integration and, in connection with the measurement of corporate performance, Corporate Sustainability Reporting is also gaining in importance. Corporate Governance is understood as a key element when reaching economic performance and growth enabling to increase the investors' trust. Further on, it enables to create the structures supporting determination, control and reach of corporate objectives and targets. It provides creation of suitable initiatives for the members of administrative bodies and the management. In accordance with the OECD principles (OECD Principles, 2004) it is assumed that the effectively functioning Corporate Governance system within the company and across the whole economy assists to create the confidence and trust necessary for existence of the market economy. A very wide spectrum of sectors coming under the Corporate Governance also appears when trying to define this term succinctly. Integrated with sustainability which is defined as corporate strategy, long-term corporate goals are followed along with effectiveness, performance and competitiveness by means of incorporating of economic, environmental and social aspects into corporate governance.


Coupling between mesoscopic particles levitated in vacuum is a prerequisite for the realization of a large-scale array of particles in an underdamped environment as well as potential studies at the classical–quantum interface. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, optical binding between two rotating microparticles mediated by light scattering in vacuum. We investigate autocorrelations between the two normal modes of oscillation determined by the center-of-mass and the relative positions of the two-particle system. The inter-particle coupling, as a consequence of optical binding, removes the degeneracy of the normal mode frequencies, which is in good agreement with theory. We further demonstrate that the optically bound array of rotating microparticles retains their optical coupling during gyroscopic cooling, and exhibits cooperative motion whose center-of-mass is stabilized.


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of perceived risk, ethical judgement, value consciousness, susceptibility to social influence and neutralisation on counterfeit clothes and accessories purchase intention in Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach
A single cross-sectional survey was conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 361 counterfeit buyers in Egypt. To test the hypotheses, partial least squares-structural equation model was applied.

Findings
The results indicate that neutralisation, perceived risk and susceptibility to social influence significantly impact attitudes towards counterfeiting and purchase intentions, whereas value consciousness impacts counterfeit purchase intention. In addition, attitudes mediate the effects of perceived risk, susceptibility to social influence and neutralisation on purchase intention.

Practical implications
Brand producers/retailers and the government need to adhere to a number of practices to curb counterfeit demand, mainly by tackling the neutralisation's impacts, demonstrating various risks of counterfeiting and developing a collective attitude against counterfeiting.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the ethical decision-making literature by empirically testing and quantifying the impact of neutralisation on shaping counterfeit buyers' attitudes and purchase intention.


High precision geodetic determinations have demonstrated the necessity of ocean tide loading corrections. These corrections are normally obtained by convolving a proper Green's function with an ocean tide model which predicts the tidal heights over all oceans on the Earth's surface. However, published Green's function formulas normally assume an observation point on a spherical Earth and are consequently not appropriate to predict corrections for an elevated observation point. In this paper, Green's function formulas outside a spherical Earth are deduced and used to predict the gravity changes due to ocean tide loading at elevated laboratories along the Norwegian coast. The predictions are compared to gravity observations obtained with the FG5-226 absolute gravimeter in order to illustrate the effect of the modified Green's function. Published in Kart og Plan Vol. 69(3), 2009, pages 151-164


Abstract This paper incorporates the commuter's time-of-use decision into a model of optimal pricing and service in urban mass transit. The model is closely related to the highway bottleneck model, with waiting time at a transit stop treated analogously to queuing time at a bottleneck. The difference arises in the intermittent nature of mass transit capacity provision. It is shown that (1) increased ridership leads to higher average user cost, and (2) the relationship between service frequency and ridership does not conform to the well-known square root principle.


We consider a semilinear wave equation with nonlinear damping in the whole space Rn,n⩾2 . Local‐in‐time existence and uniqueness results are obtained in the class of Bessel‐potential spaces Hps=(I−Δ)−s/2Lp . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


By inducing a duality operator for the inner product of two tensors,a precise definition for the dot product of tensors is presented and an investigation on approaches is made to teach the concept properly based on a synthesis on various references.The paper can be a reference to the teaching and calculation of tensors.


During archaeological excavation in the territory of the Corpus Christi Church in Nesvizh, the regular burials dated to the 17th–18th centuries were discovered. The genetic material extracted from the bones of seven unidentified individuals was analyzed using the forensic genetics approaches, including STR profiling and DNA phenotyping. The genetic examination revealed that the remains of three samples (#1, #2, #6) belonged to women, and the four others (#3, #4, #5, and #7) belonged to men. Autosomal STR-data and Y-chromosomal profiles were obtained for five samples. The kinship analysis excluded that woman #1 and men #3, #4, #5, #7 were first-degree relatives. According to the Y-STR profiles, men #3, #4, #7 referred to the haplogroup R1a, the haplotype of individual #5 corresponded to I2. The both haplogroups are widely represented in Eastern Europe, which, with a high degree of probability, suggests the Slavic origin of the individuals under investigation. To predict eye and hair color, we used the HIrisPlex DNA phenotyping system. The analysis gave the satisfactory results for woman #1 and man #7. In correspondence to the allelic variants of the 24 SNP system, woman #1 had an intermediate type of iris pigmentation and dark blond hair (p = 0.635) with dark shade (0.639), light skin tone, low tendency to sunburn, and a high probability of freckles and pigmented spots of the skin. For male #7, the HIrisPlex model predicted blue eye color with a high probability (p = 0.915), as well as blond hair color (p = 0.915) and light hair color shade (p = 0.962). Our data allow us to conclude that the unknown individuals under investigation have significant genetical and phenotypical similarity with the modern Belarusian population.


We study the problem of partially hedging an uncertain liability when only mixtures of a selected class of "basic derivatives" can be used as partial hedging instruments. We quantify the performance of a partial hedging through a robust convex loss functional motivated by the functionals characterized by Maccheroni, Marinacci, and Rustichini [Econometrica, 74 (2006), pp. 1447--1498]. We study a dual problem which we show characterizes the optimal solution. A prominent example of basic derivatives are call options, and we characterize its closed convex hull in terms of Lebesgue--Stieltjes integrals.


The purpose of the publication is to find some important aspects of a young customer behavior on mobile phone market in Poland. The object of the study was market offer perception of young consumers – consumers who are not yet financially independent on the market (contracts with the mobile operator are usually signed for them by their parents).The author was particularly interested in the perception of price fairness, price sensitivity of young consumers (price consciousness) and their perception of nonprice costs of using of the Internet channel. The survey results indicate a high degree of price consciousness of young mobile phone users and high evaluation of service price fairness (with regard to the service price of their service providers). As the main practical implication was price transparency and price-based communication with young customers.


Asian Economic Papers 9:2 © 2010 The Earth Institute at Columbia University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bhanupong Nidhiprabha: With more than 24 million new workers entering the labor market each year in China, it is imperative that the Chinese government maintain high economic growth to stop the unemployment rate to rise above a double-digit rate. There is no doubt that exports contribute to the strong growth of the Chinese economy, but those competitive Chinese export arms do not spend much on science and technology development. The lack of capability to self-innovate in industrial technologies is documented (Zheng et al. 2007). In addition to the undervalue exchange rate and low wage rates, collaboration with foreign investors though foreign direct investment (FDI) and joint venture enterprises increase China's export performance through producing products that meet the world demand's speciacation.1 Zeng, Wan, and Tam (2009) and Wang and Yu (2007) produce evidence that FDI has negative effects of technology spillover on indigenous arms in China. If the evidence is accurate, China should not rely on FDI for their development in science and technology (S&T). There is a more compelling reason if those FDIs do not generate employment in China because of their high capital intensity.


Abstract Current meter data for six mouths from the Grand Bank are analyzed to study inertial currents generated by moving storms. It is found that during periods of strong winds, but no well-defined storm system, the inertial motion exhibits no simple relationship to the local wind. During intense storms inertial currents up to 0.5 m s−1 were observed both in and below the mixed layer. Upper and lower layer currents are roughly equal in amplitude, but are 180° out of phase. To explain this observation, a two-layer, one-dimensional model is developed that successfully simulates the observed inertial currents. We show that under the conditions encountered during the storms only baroclinic inertial motion can be generated. The pressure gradient effect is not important, and the current below the mixed layer is produced by mass continuity. Wavelength computed from the continuity equation is consistent with that predicted by first-order linear theory. For inertial motion generated during periods of strong wind...


The invention relates to a building template and a building combined template suitable for quick assembly. The building template comprises a hollow flat template enclosed by two parallel panels and two side plates. A truss type support plate or an arc-shaped support plate is fixed in a cavity of the hollow flat template. Light-weight filling materials are arranged in a hollow cavity structure in the flat template to form a solid surface plate. A reinforced plate or reinforced rib is arranged on an outer side face of the solid surface plate longitudinally, and the longitudinal reinforced plate or reinforced rib is positioned at the middle position of the outer side face of the solid surface plate expect two ends. Therefore, square wood is unnecessarily adhered to the solid template; the wood waste is reduced; the intensity of the solid template is improved; and positions for fixing connecting plates are also reserved on two side edges of the solid template to facilitate quick assembly. The assembly speed of the template is improved, and the construction efficiency is improved. The building template and the building combined template have the advantages of having simple structure and convenient use, further strengthening intensity; improving the assembly speed, and contributing to popularization and implementation.


This paper describes an innovative video-based master degree program in power engineering developed at Georgia Tech. The program, which is delivered to students at fifty remote locations, has been, in operation for three years.


Background:
There is uncertainty regarding whether or not younger (i.e. aged < 55 years), low-risk patients with grade 1 hypertension (i.e. a clinic blood pressure of 140–159/90–99 mmHg) should be treated with blood pressure-lowering medication. This is a heterogeneous group of patients because of variation in systolic/pulse pressure amplification from the central aorta to the brachial artery. It is hypothesised that within grade 1 hypertension, patients can be divided into those with high central aortic systolic pressure and those with low central aortic systolic pressure.

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate whether or not non-invasive central aortic systolic pressure measurement can better identify younger patients with grade 1 hypertension, who are more likely to have an increased left ventricular mass index; and (2) determine whether or not blood pressure lowering regresses early cardiac structural change in patients with high central aortic systolic pressure.

Setting:
A university hospital with satellite primary care recruitment sites.

Participants:
A total of 726 men (aged 18 to < 55 years) were screened to identify 162 men with grade 1 hypertension and low or high central aortic systolic pressure. Blood pressure status was classified according to seated clinic blood pressure, central aortic systolic pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure.

Design:
(1) Evaluating the strength of the correlation between central aortic systolic pressure, clinic blood pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure with left ventricular mass index in 162 patients; (2) a 12-month randomised controlled trial in patients with grade 1 hypertension and high central aortic systolic pressure (i.e. a central aortic systolic pressure of ≥ 125 mmHg) (n = 105), using a prospective, open, blinded, end-point design; and (3) a 12-month observational study in 57 patients with grade 1 hypertension and low central aortic systolic pressure (i.e. a central aortic systolic pressure of < 125 mmHg).

Interventions:
Randomised controlled trial – patients with high central aortic systolic pressure randomised to blood pressure lowering medication (50–100 mg of losartan ± 5–10 mg of amlodipine once daily) versus usual care (no treatment) for 12 months.

Main outcomes:
Randomised controlled trial primary end point – change in left ventricular mass index as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, comparing treatment with no treatment.

Results:
(1) At baseline, left ventricular mass index was higher in men with high central aortic systolic pressure than in those with low central aortic systolic pressure (mean ± standard deviation 67.9 ± 8.8 g/m2 vs. 64.0 ± 8.5 g/m2; difference 4.0 g/m2, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 6.9 g/m2; p < 0.01). Central aortic systolic pressure was not superior to clinic blood pressure as a determinant of left ventricular mass index. Univariate analysis, regression coefficients and slopes for left ventricular mass index were similar for clinic systolic blood pressure, ambulatory systolic blood pressure and central aortic systolic pressure. (2) In the randomised controlled trial, blood pressure-lowering treatment reduced central aortic systolic pressure (–21.1 mmHg, 95% confidence interval – 24.4 to –17.9 mmHg; p < 0.001) and clinic systolic blood pressure (–20.0  mmHg, 95% confidence interval – 23.3 to –16.6 mmHg; p < 0.001) versus no treatment. Treatment was well tolerated and associated with a greater change (i.e. from baseline to study closeout) in left ventricular mass index versus no treatment [–3.3 g/m2 (95% confidence interval –4.5 to –2.2 g/m2) vs. –0.9 g/m2 (95% confidence interval –1.7 to –0.2 g/m2); p < 0.01], with a medium-to-large effect size (Cohen's d statistic –0.74). (3) Patients with low central aortic systolic pressure had no significant change in left ventricular mass index after 12 months (mean change –0.5 g/m2, 95% confidence interval –1.2 to 0.2 g/m2; p = 0.18).

Conclusions:
Men with grade 1 hypertension and high central aortic systolic pressure tended to have higher clinic blood pressure and more hypertension-mediated cardiac structural change than those with low central aortic systolic pressure. Central aortic systolic pressure was not superior to clinic blood pressure or ambulatory blood pressure at stratifying risk of increased left ventricular mass index. Blood pressure-lowering treatment led to a regression of left ventricular mass index in men with grade 1 hypertension and high central aortic systolic pressure compared with no treatment.

Limitations:
The study was limited to a moderate sample of men and there was a low prevalence of very high amplification.


This paper presents Legolas++ arrays, a C++ multi-dimensional array library. Parameterized type of Legolas++ arrays enable data layout adaptation for specific Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) core architectures. The mapping of complex array-based kernels to regular collections of data is efficiently vectorized. In addition, Legolas++ arrays can combine multi-threaded parallelism with SIMD acceleration. For example, a direct tridiagonal solver applied to a collection of equally sized problems exhibits a speedup of more than × 22 on an 8-core SIMD processor.


Experimental studies on the corrosion of Types 304 and 304L stainless steels (SS) in 0.5M chloride solutions with the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and a slime former were conducted. Coupled multielectrode sensors and electrochemical polarization techniques were employed in this study. No significant difference between the repassivation potentials was observed with and without the presence of SRB. The SS electrodes in both the SRB-containing and the SRB-free solutions were coupled to large SS cathodes in a separate aerated cell and their potentials were increased stepwise from –0.26 to –0.04 VSCE. No pitting was observed on the electrodes after three-month exposure. Anodic polarization measurements using a platinum electrode in the SRBcontaining solution suggest that the anodic peak observed on the SS electrode was probably due to the oxidation of reducing species and attached to the electrode surface by the SRB. It was concluded that use of the anodic current density to characterize microbially induced corrosion of metals might lead to wrong interpretation.


In order to construct the model of heat accumulation of intestinal type of Qi-fen Syndrome,the rats were feed with the hot medicine and the rat wastes,then were injected with the inactive E.coli,and the clinic symptoms such as the in taking,drinking,body weight and body temperature were determined,even the intestinal organizational structure,and the number of intestinal IEL and GC in rat were studied.According to the clinic symptoms,in taking,drinking,body temperature of the rats,the results showed that that the methods of feeding with the hot medicine,wastes and injecting the inactive E.coli to the rats could make the model of heat accumulation of intestinal type of Qi-fen Syndrome in successfully when the rats were injected with the inactive E.coli 5hours later.The changes of intestinal structure in rat injected with the inactive E. coli 5hours later were significantly,and the numbers of the IEL and GC in the duodenum,jejunum and ileum decreased in significantly.Therefore,the model of heat accumulation of intestinal type of Qi-fen Syndrome in rat can be made in successfully after the rats were injected with the inactive E.coli 5hours later.


With the development of the economy and increasing productivity worldwide, the current demand for resources and energy is continuously growing. This has led to problems such as energy scarcity and environmental pollution, so it is high time to find sustainable development solutions. As a treasure gifted by nature, solar energy provides new development opportunities for the sustainable development of mankind. This article will discuss the main principles of solar cells, focus on analyzing the development prospects and problems of the Chinese photovoltaic industry, and finally discuss the new direction of future space solar energy development.


To present experiences of the public hospita's social responsibility in the United States and United Kingdom,elaborates the function of government in the health sector in the market economic nations.The American government sets up the health system"safety net"by limited public hospitals;and the British government makes use of the National Health Service system and reforms to achieve social responsibility and efficiency.Experiences of the US and UK will be useful references for China to improve public hospitals' social responsibilities.


Multiplexing schemes for packetized circuit-switched sources are characterized by an avoidable accessing delay. In the present work it is shown that, contrary to conventional immediate-access multiplexing schemes, one can introduce two different definitions ofloss probability in the delayed-access case. Explicit analytical expressions are given for each definition, and a numerical example is presented which highlights the difference between them.


The articles in this theme examine the history of guest-worker and H-2A programs, farm-labor shortages, the changing profile of agricultural farmworkers, and the H-2A visa application procedure. Also discussed are recent employment trends in labor-intensive agricultural segments such as fruit and vegetable production, the H-2C program, and immigration reforms.


Linear viscous damping effect on nonconservative elastic system destabilization, determining critical loads from characteristic equation roots and degree of instability


CONTEXT
Screening to identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease is sorely needed in rural areas of Oklahoma.

OBJECTIVE
The Healthy Adults Project was started as a screening program for public school employees in a rural school district in southwest Oklahoma.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
The screening project is a collaborative effort between the Anadarko Public School district and the University of Oklahoma Prevention Research Center. Two hundred twenty-four (224) employees participated in the screening in 2004, and 206 employees participated in 2005.

FINDINGS
Approximately 50% of females and 80% of males had two or more modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 2004 and 2005.

CONCLUSIONS
Worksite screening is a valuable tool to raise awareness of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in less densely populated areas where wages are low and few preventive services are available. Knowledge of individual risk is the first step in improving health outcomes.


Revitalization is a crucial factor of a successful change process. This dissertation was designed to investigate the relationship between motivating change, vision of change, continuous innovation, and sustaining momentum with revitalization. It employed mixed method, which is both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in examining the said relationship against real-life scenarios of major change in two Malaysian financial institutions – BSN and Affin Bank. Through mail survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, a total of 156 (74–BSN; 82-Affin Bank) managers at all level completed the said questionnaires and made of the case study of this research. The findings of the study confirmed the positive relationship (association) of motivating change, vision of change, continuous innovation, and sustaining momentum with revitalization. Other than contributing to the body of knowledge over a subject which is empirically scarce, the study further renewed the importance of micro level analysis of two Malaysian financial organizations i.e. managers rather than only the macro level. The study prides its originality and ends with comprehensive practical recommendations for organization in blending the elements of motivating change, vision of change, continuous innovation, and sustaining momentum into arriving to the desired state of revitalization.


in differentiating pathogenic strains was introduced by Gordon in 1903. But, as Blair1 pointed out in his review, " an appreciable proportion of non-pathogenic staphylococci, varying from 11 to 55 per cent., has been reputed also to ferment mannitol, rendering this test less specific." Christie and Keogh 2 recommended the use of trehalose and mannose as a further means in separating the saprophytic from pathogenic strains. But in their own hands mannose proved of little help in this respect ; our own results were even less favourable. We therefore substituted sorbite for mannose and thus tested our strains


Accessibility plays a crucial role in evaluating and optimizing the service quality of public transport systems. Traditionally, bus accessibility research studies mainly focus on the evaluation from the perspective of the aggregate model and analyze the service radius of the site considering the front end of travel. This paper aims to model microlevel bus accessibility calculation and accurate bottleneck station identification according to the opportunity method with AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) data. The research featured the following control elements: (1) redefining bus accessibility with bus station as the research object; (2) running time between interstation sections is selected as the control index; (3) A new measure index of accessibility. The farthest direct reachable distance is proposed. Moreover, by introducing the quality control algorithm, the study establishes a model of upper and lower limits of accessibility based on the probability index of bilateral norms, which can be employed to identify the bottleneck stations according to the significance level. Harbin City is selected as the case study for methodology verification and shows that the accessibility method is effective and reliable. Additionally, by taking the travel demand in the region as the adjustment parameter of the quality control algorithm, the study demonstrates the ideal accessibility interval of stations and accurately locates all bottlenecks. The study presented here adds to our understanding of accessibility in the construction and management of buses and provides an essential reference for the following optimization.


This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores cardiology and vascular disease (CVD) in general practice. It covers the symptoms and signs of CVD, how to examine the heart and arterial system, cardiac investigation, common electrocardiogram changes, and prevention of CVD. It reviews hypertension and blood pressure measurement, hyperlipidaemia, and angina. It examines myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart transplant, valve disease and other structural heart abnormalities, as well as aneurysms, chronic peripheral ischaemia, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, and deep vein thrombosis.


The research shows the impact of the wheat growing technologies on the concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil as well as in vegetative and generative organs of plants. The work connected mineral (N120P100K100) and organomineral (N60P50K50 + biproducts, N40P10K10 + biproducts + siderat) fertilizer systems with the accumulation of toxic substances in the soil such as with accumulation and transfer of them into plants of the spring wheat. The coefficient of biological absorption and the interrelation between the content of heavy metals in the vegetative and reproductive organs of plants and their amount in the soil were established.


This report presents an analysis of data uses and funding for the streamgaging program operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas. Presently (1984), 39i continuous surface-water stations are operated in Texas. Selected hydro!ogic data, data uses, and funding sources are presented for each of the 391 stations. This study is a part of a larger project to determine the cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Texas. All stations have sufficient uses to justify their continued operation.


A new high-flux solar furnace, capable of delivering up to 40 kW at peak concentration ratios exceeding 5000, is operational at PSI. Its optical design characteristics, main engineering features, and operating performance are described. This solar concentrating facility will be used principally for investigating the thermochemical processing of solar fuels at temperatures as high as 2500 K.


The consensus is that virtually all aspects of the response selectivity exhibited by visual cortical cells are either created of sharpened by intra-cortical inhibitory cells. There is abundant experimental evidence supporting the view that the inhibitory cortical cells are orientation specific. To understand the mechanism underlying the orientation specificity of inhibitory cortical cells is a key to understand the neural circuitry of the striate visual cortex. It is the purpose of this article to show how such an orientation-specific inhibition can be achieved from the striate-cortex innervating nonoriented lateral geniculate cells. A computational model for the orientation-specific inhibition is introduced. The model consists of three parts: (a) a two-layered hierarchical Markov random field; (b) a computational goal formulated based on the maximum a posteriori estimation principle; (c) a deterministic parallel algorithm to achieve the computational goal. A physiologically-plausible firing-rate-coded neural circuit is introduced to implement the computational model.


local government highlights another important side of local finance. An interesting comparison reveals significant differences in local government revenues in European Union member states between 2000 and 2014. Of course, even in a 530-page book, some important aspects remain underexposed. Above all, I would have liked more attention on some of the enormous future challenges facing democratic systems and with them local governments all over the world, such as digitisation (e.g. in smart cities), the integration of migrants or climate change. The international networking of municipalities should also be given greater prominence. To sum it up, The Routledge Handbook on International Local Government is indeed 'ambitiously titled' as the editors underline. Yet, despite my critical objections about its focus on current issues rather than future challenges, they largely fulfil this promise and their general approach has worked well. Across continents and political-administrative cultures, illustrated with many new research findings, they have created an outstanding publication focusing on the challenges and policy of local self-governmental authorities and other local stakeholders. There is a good chance that this handbook will belong in future to the social science standard works on local issues, and be included in academic political science teaching. May the publisher's wish come true; that this book stimulates its readers to develop further research ideas. Finally, I come back to my initial question. 'Old fashioned' printed handbooks like these continue to make sense, even in modern digital times.


Based on the additive characteristics of light reflectan the main theory of the Neugebauer equations 1 is that the total reflectance of color mixing is the sum of each Neugebauer primary colors weighted by its relative a Due to the effects of the penetration of light into paper and multiple reflectance within the paper, Neugebauer equation is not good enough to satisfy measurement data. In order to consider those factors, and Nielsen modified the primary Neugebauer equa and the spectral Yule-Nielsen modified Neugebauer e tion is


Describes the characteristics of the European corn borer and the damage it can cause to plants in the United States.


As a result of recent botanical exploration in the Andes of South America, there has been assembled a large number of specimens of the urticaceous genus PUea. In the course of studying this material I have prepared a monograph of all the Andean species, giving a key, descriptions of the new species as well as diagnoses of those already known, and a complete citation of the synonymy and of the herbarium specimens examined. Since the publication of this manuscript is unavoidably delayed, it seems desirable to publish at the present time descriptions of the new species, and with these a key to all the Andean species, in order to show better the relationship of the new ones. The area covered embraces the whole of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile, including the lowlying regions as well as the cordilleras. In view of the restricted character of the present paper, it is not possible to discuss the synonymy or to give in detail the geographical distribution of the species previously described. The method of treating the genus here followed is mainly that of Weddell, although admittedly it is rather artificial and perhaps does not indicate the true interrelationship of the species. Many of the species being dioecious, our present knowledge is often based solely on one kind of plant—the staminate or the pistillate—so that a more natural grouping, such as one based on the shape of the staminate perianth or the shape and size of the achenes, is not at present practicable. In the course of these studies I have examined material in most of the principal herbaria * of Europe and this country, and I wish


Drug abuse among American athletes, particularly abuse of anabolic steroids, has grown to epidemic proportions despite universal condemnation by all professional organizations. Traditionally used primarily by body builders and competitive power lifters, anabolic steroids are now used by all types of competitive athletes, including those in high school,' because of faith in the ergogenic effects of these steroids and


measures are aggregated to arrive at a numerical " sentiment rating " for the review as a whole. The software uses an established dataset of words classified according to their sentiment value. For example, phrases such as " dazzling, excellent, mesmerizing, fantastic, beautiful " are categorized as positive, whereas " terrible, awful, boring " are categorized as negative. Topic Modeling: Once the reviews are segregated by sentiment, they are analyzed to draw out useful themes, or topics. The researchers developed a software system to apply a technique known as " probabilistic topic modeling " to the reviews. Topic modeling is a statistical model used to uncover themes in large volumes of text, where the computer model assigns each word in the review to one of a specified number of topics that arise from the text itself. For example, a topic could contain the words " mountain, hike, views, trails, walk, tower " and refer to the hiking trails in the park. Another topic could contain the words " pool, zoo, picnic, tables, crowded, pretty " and refer to the picnic facilities. The software is designed to identify the most likely topics, the distribution of words in each topic, and the weight for each topic in a given review. The advantage of probabilistic topic modeling is that these topics can be automatically distilled and then used to determine managerial actions targeted towards improving the visitor experience. To demonstrate the utility of these tools and analytic approaches, an analysis was performed on the reviews collected for Bear Mountain State Park. Located on the west bank of the Hudson River, Bear Mountain attracts more than two million visitors per year and is visited for a wide variety of activities such as fishing, swimming, hiking, and boating. As of June 2014, there were 70 reviews on Yelp, 191 on TripAdvisor, and 34 on Google for this park. The reviews were downloaded into a database that could be searched and sorted in a cursory manual review. Automated analyses in the areas of sentiment rating and topic modeling were then applied to the more than 25,000 words of text found in the data. The New York State (NYS) park system consists of 214 parks and historic sites, over 2,000 miles of trails, 67 beaches, and 8,355 campsites. It attracts approximately 60 million visitors every year. The State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation is responsible …


I'll bet you thought you were too old to receive a "Fan Letter." "Seismic contouring: A unique skill" in the June 1988 issue of Geophysics is just exactly what will cause you to receive an alarming number of fan letters and you will deserve them. Thanks.


Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is an important aromatic herb that has gained importance in food and cosmetic industry, and it is used as medicinal plant due to the presence of compounds with biological activity. Several studies have demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial or cancer chemopreventive activity of different parts of parsley plants. We showed that the nutritional value of parsley leaves can be improved by treatments with beneficial microorganisms on the field crop. Streptomyces fulvissimus strain AtB-42 and Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 were applied, as singly or in combination (microbial consortium), at transplanting and two weeks later. After harvesting, plants were subjected to metabolomic analysis by LC and GC-MS. Spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of seven polar metabolites. Results showed a significant difference in relative abundance of these metabolites among treatments. The AtB-42 application, alone or in combination with T22, induced the accumulation of petroselinic acid, while T22, alone or in combination, induced the accumulation of xanthotoxol/bergaptol and its derivative xanthotoxin/bergapten. The microbial consortium increased the accumulation of capsanthone compared to single treatments. No statistically relevant differences were found for the volatile fraction. It can be concluded that S. fulvissimus and T. harzianum significantly induced metabolic profile change of parsley and the accumulation of metabolites with nutraceutical value.


Considering the complex neutron-physical systems with the number of calculation points than 1 million, the calculation time can be an hour or more, and in case of non-stationary process with the small step of time, the waiting can be a month. The aim of the study is to develop effective techniques for the stationary computational modeling using parallelization technology to imply in non-stationary calculations. The parallelization scheme with height decomposition for stationary model was developed. The calculated speedup on the parallel part of the code are in good agreement with the linear dependence. The theoretical possible acceleration was derived using Amdal's law. Comparing the obtained and theoretical curves demonstrates that the developed parallelization scheme has less acceleration due to losses. The losses and their relative contribution were identified.


Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) are dc-like currents that cause transformers to become a source of harmonics in a power system. This paper investigates the harmonic profiles and thresholds of dc currents that affect the operation of transformers subjected to dc current. Laboratory tests and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were conducted to examine the harmonics in three-phase five-limb (3p5L) transformers. The results show that there is high distortion in the transformer's magnetizing current under dc-injections. This is characterized by the presence of even and odd harmonics in the transformer. The paper shall also give the dc current thresholds that causes the maximum allowable harmonics to be generated by the transformer.


The article examines the concept of lateral thinking, which is a necessity in current education, both to develop students' ability to think freely, encouraging them to find varied and momentary solutions in solving problem situations, to have innovative ideas, and in training them as people who will be able to integrate more easily into a society that is always changing.


Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is due to a loss-of-function mutation in (transcription factor 4). It is characterized by severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic features and episodic hyperventilation with apnea while awake. Acetazolamide for controlling apnea episodes have been reported in 3 previous cases. We report the case of a girl with a TCF4 mutation who had a colloid cyst in the third ventricle, which has not been previously reported in this syndrome. She had more than 50 episodes/day of hyperventilation/apnea which completely disappeared for 2 months after treatment with acetazolamide (250 mg/12 h). After this time the episodes recurred but only occasionally.


STATISTICS SHOW THAT OVER 50 PERCENT OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ARE FATAL INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS OCCURRING DURING COMMUTING BY ROAD. ACCIDENT FREQUENCY IS GREATEST WITH PERSONS BETWEEN 20 AND 30 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER 50 YEARS. VARIOUS INVESTIGATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL- AND SOCIAL-MEDICINE HAVE BEEN CONCERNED WITH THIS PROBLEM. WHEN OBSERVING THE CARDIOPULMONAL TOTAL PERFORMANCE SPECTRUM OF HUMANS - MAXIMUM OXYGEN INTAKE CAN BE USED FOR DETERMINING THIS - IT WAS SHOWN THAT THIS DECREASES STEADILY ONCE THE 25TH YEAR OF AGE IS PASSED. FOR IMPROVING THE TOTAL PERFORMANCE SPECTRUM BY DRUGS THE EFFECTS OF THESE THERAPEUTIC MEASURES ON DRIVING ABILITY WERE INVESTIGATED. 11 GROUPS OF DRUGS WERE RECOGNISED AS BEING DANGEROUS. WITH RESPECT TO THE PSYCHOPHYSICAL PERFORMANCE ASPECT, A RELATION WITH AGE WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE TESTS FOR SENSOR-MOTOR AND OPTICAL COORDINATION, OPTICAL CONCEPTION, POSITIONAL ORIENTATION AND ABILITY TO ADAPT OPTICALLY, SPEED OF PERCEPTION OPTICALLY AND OPTICAL ORIENTATION AND THE ABILITY TO COMPREHEND TRAFFIC SITUATIONS. THE THEORY THAT ELDERLY DRIVERS CAN COMPENSATE FOR THEIR WEAKNESSES BY SEVERAL YEARS' DRIVING EXPERIENCE, CALMNESS AND COMPOSURE PROVED TO BE ONLY PARTIALLY CORRECT. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE 38TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE GERMAN SOCIETY FOR ACCIDENT MEDICAL SCIENCE, INSURANCE, SOCIAL CARE AND TRAFFIC MEDICINE, 21 TO 23 NOVEMBER 74, IN BERLIN.


The evolution of the Internet, distributed architectures, and Grid-oriented frameworks can change the way people acquire and disseminate both knowledge and experience, thus the way they learn. Therefore, one can envisage new e-learning models, based on a more efficient users' interaction, that also empowers the hands-on experience. This will improve learning outcomes, while reducing the need of physical devices and removing the inherent boundaries. Moreover, this reduces costs by promoting the sharing of resources and learning assets. From this perspective, the chapter discusses the integration of classical e-learning paradigms with new advancements of distributed computing, such as: 1) the usage of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) to produce network-independent overlays, also by enabling direct student-to-student exchanges; 2) the integration, through grid-based middleware, of real or virtual devices, plants and Sensors Network (SN) within the e-learning environment; and 3) the adoption of a distributed e-learning system to spread culture through mobile devices, with an emphasis on satellite communications.


In the paper, we define(inco) project modules of relatively hereditary torsion theory τ by intersection complement of module and study their properties; secondly, we define the(inco) τ-semisimple ring by(inco) τ-projective module and study their properties. When τ is a trivial torsion theory on R-mod, we prove that R is a semisimple ring if and only if R is a(inco) semisimple ring and satisfies(inco) condition.


This article describes LifeTrain — the European common framework for continuing professional development in the biomedical sciences. An important goal of LifeTrain is to support biomedical professionals to work collaborativelyacross disciplines, sectors and national boundaries. LifeTrain is an open community with a unifying goal; it brings together many excellent, but disparate, activities into a process towards establishing a focused and coherentframework for continuing professional development in the biomedical sciences. This collaborative approach provides the critical mass to make a major contribution to strengthen the skills and competencies of biomedical professionals in a rapidly changing environment. LifeTrain's signatories, which include multinational pharmaceutical companies, research infrastructures, professional and scientific bodies, higher-education institutes and research institutes, have agreed to the principles of the framework and to continue to collaborate to implement LifeTrain. We warmly invite others to join us.


requires multiple measurement of each individual. Only if the latter alternative is true is local optimality of foraging behavior a possible conclusion. We stress the need for data in this regard, as the prior beliefs that differences in foraging activity among individuals are 'likely' or 'unlikely' amount to answering the question of the local optimality of this trait. Milinski's study is exemplary in many ways but with its lack of analyses concerning the possible differences among the traits of individuals it shares a deficiency with almost all other tests of optimality models that makes a test of local optimality impossible (see also Ref. 23).


Noted scholar Joseph S. Catalano here brings together his new work on Sartre's ethics with five of his classic essays on Sartre's moral thought. In an extended opening essay, Catalano uses Sartre's notion of mediation as a means to integrate the entire range of the French philosopher's moral insights. In the second half of the book, Catalano attempts to delineate a viable notion of good faith, and to distinguish between good and bad faith on the one hand and authenticity and inauthenticity on the other hand.


With the development of smart grids, big data is generated in all aspects of the power system, and the traditional financial system is no longer able to accurately analyze the large amount of financial data. In this paper, based on the problems arising from the traditional financial system decision-making process, the decision-making of grid financial system based on big data and cloud computing is proposed. Through the analysis of the big data characteristics of the power system, the application of big data and cloud computing in the smart grid is clarified, and the external application oriented to the customer group and the internal application oriented to the system flow are explored. Taking the operation and maintenance cost of an actual substation in the power grid as an example, the paper uses the idea of big data to conduct scientific research on its operation and maintenance cost, which intuitively reflects the application of big data, and makes the readers clearer and vividly see big data. How to apply it to accelerate the application development of big data in China.


This article investigates the relationship between institutions and the extent to which ethnic groups make political demands for separatism. It tests several institutional remedies in light of the evidence from 21 'minorities at risk' in post‐communist Eastern Europe from 1990–98. Using multivariate analytical techniques, it was found that proportional representation of ethnic groups and the existence of relatively powerful presidencies are associated with less mass ethnic‐protest. On the other hand, avoidance of destructive demands appears to be best promoted by electoral systems which emphasize 'individualism' and less decentralization of political authority.


Voriconazole is a first‐line medicine for treating invasive aspergillosis. We aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) of voriconazole injection in Chinese healthy volunteers (HVs). In this single‐center, randomized, single‐dose, 2‐cycle, fasting‐dose BE study, HVs (n = 24) were 1:1 divided into 2 groups (test [T]–reference [R] and R–T) and received 6 mg/kg of voriconazole intravenously with a 7‐day washout. The plasma was collected for up to 72 hours at the time point after dosing on day 1/day 8. The plasma concentration of voriconazole was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were ascertained on the basis of a noncompartmental model. In the BE study, the geometric mean ratios of the maximum concentration, area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable plasma concentration, and area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity were 101.1%, 105.6%, and 105.5%, respectively, and the 90%CI fell within 80%–125%. Adverse events were observed in 26.1% of subjects in the T formulation stage and 17.4% in the R formulation stage. Under the BE study, voriconazole values from T and R formulations were bioequivalent.


ABSTRACT The enactment of Government Regulation No. 60 of 2016, there is an increase in tariffs for a number of vehicle administration costs, such as vehicle registration, BPKB, and TNKB as well as the addition of type C license I and C II. Driving License (SIM) C I is for vehicles with engine capacity of 250 cc and SIM C II for vehicles with engines more than 500 cc. The cost of issuance of STNK is 3 times higher than before. As for the making of new SIM, SIM A, SIM B I, and B II are charged Rp. 120.000.Sedangkan SIM C, C I, and C II costs Rp. 100.000. SIM D and SIM D I charged Rp. 50,000. The increase also occurs in the issuance of Motor Vehicle Identity Number with an increase of 100 percent or twice, for two-wheeled vehicles or three costs to Rp. 60,000 from the previous Rp. 30,000, and four wheels to Rp. 100,000 from the previous fee of Rp. 50,000. The biggest increase occurred in the issuance of Book Owners of Motor Vehicles (BPKB), for two wheels to Rp. 225,000 from the previous Rp. 80,000 while four or more wheels to Rp. 375,000 from the previous Rp. 100,000. Regulation of Minimum Service Standards (SPM) as a reference for the Regional Revenue Service apparatus in providing PKB and BBN-KB services to the Taxpayers and to issue official letters required by the recipients of service, in order to be evaluated by the Governor of East Kalimantan as the constituent elements of SAMSAT and or even reviewed Back, in accordance with the needs of the community as the recipient of services in accordance with the expected. In order to raise the regional revenue, UPTD Revenue Service of East Kalimantan Province in Samarinda can play an active role in managing regional income sources in their working area. UPTD officers can be more observant in monitoring, registering and simultaneously collecting tax objects that are still delinquent and have not been monitored and recorded, because there are still many motor vehicle arrears that do not pay taxes and BBN-KB. Samsat Joint Office Service involves 3 (three) institutions, namely Dina Regional Income (Dispenda), Directorate of Traffic Police (Ditlantas Polda) and PT Jasa Raharja (Persero). These three agencies work together to serve the community and take shelter under one roof or one office called the Single Administration System Under One Roof (Samsat). Before the samsat, people must go to these three institutions in different places, so it takes time and energy and this is very perceived inefficient and burdensome society. Mechanism of arrangement and Arrangement of Increase Cost at STNK & BPKB is to improve the level and comfort of society in public service done by Police. Keywords: Vehicle Tax, Levy


In their respective discussions of objectivity, subjectivity, and relativism, Eisner (1992a), Barone (1992), and Guba (1992) all make a number of ontological and epistemological claims that, because they are problematic, warrant closer philosophical attention. Objectivity and subjectivity, we are told, are dead, while relativism is very much alive. Of course, we should want to ask, is this combined claim objectively true, subjectively true, or only relatively so? Unfortunately, we are unlikely to be given much of a meaningful answer to this self-referential question. However, it is by no means the case that objectivity and subjectivity are dead-they remain very much alive, and deservedly so. On the other hand, if relativism is alive it should be killed off, forthwith. Something has plainly gone wrong if we must praise relativism at the grave of objectivity and subjectivity. On the contrary, objectivity and subjectivity occupy a central place in educational research, but not relativism. This counterclaim will in due course be made good. But first, some critical comments on the individual elements of the Eisner-Barone-Guba thesis.


The enantioselective oxidative cyclizations of γ-alkenyl arylsulfonamides and a δ-alkenyl arylsulfonamide for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles are presented. The reactions are catalyzed by chiral copper(II) complexes, and MnO2 is used as the inexpensive stoichiometric oxidant. A variety of five-membered heterocycles and a tetrahydroisoquinoline have been synthesized in good to excellent yields with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity. This is the first reported copper-catalyzed enantioselective carboamination of alkenes.


Cytomegalic inclusion-body disease occurs in its most characteristic form in the neonatal period as a fulminating disseminated infection in which jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and haemorrhage associated with severe thrombocytopenia are the typical clinical features.


In this paper, we designed series of InxGa1-xN/Si hetero-junction solar cells. Key properties of InxGa1-xN/Si solar cells (single junction, double junctions) are simulated by using AMPS-1D software, including I-V characteristic, conversion efficiency, band structure etc. The InxGa1-xN/Si hetero-junction solar cells are compared with the performances of Si homo-junction solar cells. We also discuss some sensitive performance-related parameters in the preparation of InGaN/Si hetero-junction solar cells.


The article analyzes Lak proverbs with the religious cultural code. The research was based on the descriptive method, syntactical analysis, morphological analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 3 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of semantics, axiological connotations, syntax and morphology. Semantic analysis revealed 6 groups of lexemes: (1) denominations of people; (2) words related to religious pillars and rituals; (3) words related to holy scriptures, religious attributes and terms; (4) words denoting death and afterlife; (5) words denoting commendable religious acts and notions; (6) words denoting sin and punishment. In the course of the axiological analysis there have been defined proverbs with positive evaluation of a person and proverbs with negative characteristics of a person. Positive traits include honesty, piety, decency, erudition and diligence, while negative ones include insulation, indecency, hypocrisy and negligence in the religious worship. Syntactical analysis of the Lak proverbs has revealed the presence of adverbs of asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and disjunctive conjunctions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Morphological analysis of the proverbs has revealed the most frequent grammatical tense, the Present Affirmative Tense, which is formed by means of adding the affix -r to the present participle. The Present Affirmative Tense in the Lak language denotes an action as an attribute of the subject which explains the fact of usage of this tense in proverbs that summarize the social experience of the native speakers. Lak proverbs with the given code have not been researched earlier that makes this study relevant.


Amid modernization, most people need happiness. However, it accidentally brings them out to ecstasy. Plenty of ways are done to achieve its happiness. Unfortunately, some people are disappointed because they are unable to obtain it. When they don't succeed, their souls become unstable. This study examines the psychological problems of modern society with all its issues. Since it used the method of literature, the researchers drew two conclusions. First, most people experience a psychological crisis. It implies that they are less aware of the origins of their creation. Second, Islam offers a solution to overcome it by giving a thankful mindset and a way to purify one's soul (Tazkiyatun Nafs). People who have a thankful heart are happier, healthier, and in a better mood. People who regularly do Tazkiyatun Nafs (soul-cleansing) can keep their bad temper under control.


AbstractHyperactive children have been characterized as being unable to inhibit extraneous activity in structured task contexts, ft has not been determined, however, whether it is the task or the structure that contributes to differences. In this study visual-motor performance was assessed for 15 hyperactive and 16 non hyperactive regular classroom children in a repeated-measures crossover design under structured conditions with appropriate responses specified and nonstructnred free-response conditions. Decreased activity was observed for both hyperactive children and controls in the structured prescribed-response condition, suggesting that structure is useful in decreasing activity level.


Purpose : On outpatient facilities, our sedation protocol focuses on the intermittent bolus injections of midazolam intravenously, according to patient's and operator's needs during the dental treatment. This multicenter retrospective study was aimed to prove the efficiency and safety of our sedation protocol. Patients and Methods : In three centers using the same outpatient sedation protocol for dental treatment (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Department of Dentistry in Hanyang University Medical Center, S-plant Dental Hospital. and Grand Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), total 937 patients had various dental treatments under intravenous conscious sedations with independent patient monitoring from March 2006 to March 2009. By reviewing charts, we analyzed the results of sedation and dental treatment, retrospectively. Results : Our sedation protocol had no severe postoperative complications requiring admission. while showing good compatibility with almost all dental treatments, with acceptable satisfaction of both patients and operators. Conclusion : We assure that our sedation protocol can be used efficiently and safely on routine outpatient basis. We also hope that this study will provide the concrete concepts to common dental practitioners, who desire to perform sedation for dental treatment.


Value relationship is reflected directly by value evaluation. The essence of human value determines the yardsticks of itself. This paper tries to analyze several factors infuencing the yardsticks of human valuation and puts forward three essential principles about the yardsticks of human value evaluation.


Tuberculosis is a social disease and is responsible for causing the greater number of deaths in humankind history. Koch's bacillus finds in poverty, overcrowding, social exclusion, and inequality, the conditionants that facilitate its pathogenicity. Despite the efforts for its prevention and control, currently our country has one of the highest TB morbidity rates in Latin America. Thus, an innovator and comprehensive social-political approach should be considered based on the "Social Determinants of Health". This article discusses the Social Determinants of Health associated with tuberculosis in the country, as well as the proposal of an alternative model of approach. finally we claim that the fight against TB requires the participation of various social and political actors, and that its success will contribute to promote citizenship in health.


1135 to membranes in brain and liver was similar to, but more marked than, that observed with Mg2.+ (Table 2). This can be explained on the basis of a possible interaction between cations and the negatively charged groups on the endoplasmic-reticulum membranes. Brain endoplasmic reticulum has considerably more phospholipid than liver, hence the requirement for spermine and Mg2+ may also be greater in brain than in liver. Alternatively , structural differences between the ribosomes from liver and brain might be responsible for the differential requirement of cations in the ribosomemembrane interactions in brain cortex and liver. The possible functional significance of the observed structural differences between the endoplasmic reticulum of secretory and non-secretory tissues requires investigation. Adult brain contains three isoenzymes of enolase (2-phospho-mglycerate hydro-lyase, EC 18.104.22.168). One of these is the dimer characteristic of liver but the other two are the brain-specific dimers ay and yy. The three isoenzymes are readily separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and no isoenzymes containing B subunits (muscle type) are Developmental changes in rat brain enolase were followed by measuring total activity, by titrating with subunit-specific antisera and by chromatographic separation of the isoenzymes. Total enolase activity increases from 15 units/g in the late foetus and early neonatal rat to reach adult values, 45 units/g, at 80 days. Chromatographic and immuno-logical analysis indicate that there are, in addition, marked differences in the isoenzyme patterns found at different stages of development. In the foetus, enolase activity is almost entirely inhibited by anti-(liver enolase) serum, and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography indicates that 80 % of the enzyme present is in fact of the aa type. At 10 days the hybrid, ay, accounts for 35 %of the total activity, but the yy homodimer still onlyamounts to 7 %. By 30 days the isoenzyme distribution has almost attained the adult pattern, in which each of the three isoenzymes is present in roughly equal amounts. This change is analogous to those occurring in the developing muscle and heart, in which dimers containing 8-sub-units rather than y-subunits replace the aa isoenzyme. This parallel developmental behaviour of the Band y subunits, together with the substantial degree of immunochemical cross-reaction between them (Fletcher et al., 1976), suggests that these two subunit types are more closely related to each other than either is to the a-subunit. A brain-specific antigen, designated 14.3.2 (Moore, 1972), hasbeenextensively studied, and it has been shown that the two proteins associated with …


The article considers the possibility of connection of KIT and MC1R loci with prenatal growth of mini pigs of the breeding group of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS). It is assumed that this relationship may be the result of increased variability of the sign – the mass of the newborn pig in heterozygous according to the loci of individuals. Since prenatal growth is affected by a number of factors that affect the weight of the newborn pig, instead of the absolute value of the sign – the mass of the individual in kilograms, a relative one was used, which is the ratio of the mass of a particular individual to the average mass of the individual in the nest in which it was born. The study showed that mini-pigs of ICG SB RAS have a relationship between heterozygosity at MC1R and KIT loci and increased concentration of individuals in the modal class of relative weight distribution at birth. The discovered relationship is the result of the interaction of increased variability of mass at birth in individuals' heterozygous loci, controlling intracellular metabolism, with the vector of phenotypic realization of the genetic potential of growth of individuals in the prenatal period. The decomposition of the specified vector into components showed that optimizes forming the kurtosis variation of the number of components dominate in individuals with domestication coat color, while in individuals with pseudoagouti coat color – biasing, forming the asymmetry of the distribution. The results of the study also showed that the genotypes at the loci MC1R and KIT do not affect the competitive relationship between the fetuses during the prenatal period . In addition, the analysis of the consistency of the estimates of individual classes of variational series of individuals of different races to a normal distribution showed that the mini pigs of ICG SB RAS alleles present low weight at birth, inherited from the Vietnamese breeds , and alleles of the high mass at birth, inherited from the Large White and/or Danish Landrace breed.

https://agrotechjournal.ru/archive/статья 4 - Никитин (номер 3).pdf


The paper illustrates the definition of the Carbon Footprint,analyzes the connotation for the Carbon Footprint based on the current research results,points out the calculation methods for the Carbon Footprint which is fit for the situation in China,and calculates the Carbon Footprints in Shanghai,Tianjin,Chongqing and Shenyang and the strength of the Carbon Footprint,so as to have the direction significance for enhancing the construction of low carbon cities.


Objective: To present our experience in the use of various types of external fixators in two government owned hospitals in Delta State, Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective review of patients managed with external fixators over a period of 8 years – January 2012 to December 2019, in two government owned hospitals in Delta State, Nigeria. Relevant information including bio-data, indications for external fixation, types of external fixator applied, length of time fixators were applied, etc were collected and analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.Results: A total of 94 patients (56 males and 38 females) were included in this study giving a male: female ratio of 1.5 : 1. The mean age of patients was 33.7+ 15.9 years. Four types / designs of external fixators were used, the mono-planar AO design were the ones most commonly used (67.7%), followed by the linear rail system (LRS) type (17.2%). The most common indication for external fixator application was open fractures in 67.7% of cases, followed by bone gaps resulting from bone loss (11.1%). External fixators were used as adjunct to other treatment modalities in 59 applications (59.6%) and as the definitive treatment method in 40 applications (40.4%). The commonest solution used for pin site care was Povidone iodine in 53 patients (56.4%). The mean length of time patients were on external fixators was 124.8 days (17.8 weeks). Pin tract infection was the commonest complication encountered (26.6%). The commonest indication for removal of external fixators was the healing of the wounds in open fractures with conversion to other forms of treatment, commonly cast application (42.6%). The initial aim of applying the external fixator was achieved in 75% of cases.Conclusion: External fixators have become indispensable tools in the armamentarium of modern day Orthopaedic and trauma care. Our health facilities have also effectively keyed into this.


The paper describes a parameterisation procedure for multiple nonlinear equations with intercepts. These equations may consist of numerous members with few practical limitations on their structure. Examples are given on the application of the procedure to simulation in the areas of chemical technology and hydrology. Advantages of the proposed method are simplicity of the fitting procedure, high accuracy of simulations and more reliable simulations beyond the calibration range


This Viewpoint investigates the use of common data elements to promote data harmonization in COVID-19–related studies of pediatric and pregnant populations.


Rabbits given birch pollen intranasally responded by forming serum and nasal antibody and also by developing immediate skin reactivity. The components of birch pollen which were mainly responsible for the development of immediate skin reactivity were identical with the components which are allergenic in man. In contrast, parenterally immunized rabbits, developed skin reactivity against allergenic as well as non-allergenic pollen components. These results suggest that allergenicity of a substance is not solely determined by its ability to induce reagin formation. The serum antibody response of the rabbits was characterized by an early appearance of antibodies against heat-labile, non-allergenic antigens whereas antibodies against heat-stable components usually appeared only after repeated antigenic stimulations. In contrast, antibodies in the nasal secretions seemed to be directed against heat-stable antigens, mainly. These results are discussed with regard to hyposensitization therapy and the function of 'blocking' antibodies.


Figure 1: (A) Transoesophageal echocardiography and 64-slice multidetector computed tomography angiogram (small window) showing the lipoma as a 30 × 35-mm capsulated mass attached to the lateral wall of the right atrium. (B) Surgical view: a lipoma bulging from the right atrium as a spherical mass. (C) A lipoma in the surgeon's hand. (D) Lipoma divided after removal. (E and F) Histological section at ×150 and ×200 magnification, respectively, showing adipose tissue intermixed with myocardium (haematoxylin and eosin stain). Asterisks denote the lipoma; RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; SVC: superior vena cava; Ao: aorta; RAu: right auricle.


FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a hinge joint of the frame of agricultural tool and to agricultural tool with such a hinge joint. The hinge joint comprises the means forming a working axis of rotation of the second section of the frame when it is in operating position relative to the first frame section, the means forming the axis of rotation for folding and unfolding the second section of the frame between the operating position and the position for transportation, and a rotation plate. The rotation plate is connected to the first section of the frame by the first pin forming a working axis of rotation, and the second section of the frame by the second pin forming an axis of rotation for folding. The agricultural tool comprising the said hinge joint additionally comprises a slot and a pin connection between the second section of the frame and the rotation plate. And the slot and the pin connection provide rotation of the second section of the frame relative to the first section of the frame when in the operative position. EFFECT: hinge joint enables the sectional drill during operation to track the contour of the ground and to fold during transportation. 15 cl, 10 dwg


In 1980 Congress earmarked $10.7 million for seven academic projects. In 1992 it earmarked $708 million for 499 projects. Over those 12 years a total of 1470 projects were funded by Congress to the tune of $2.5 billion. Rep. George E. Brown Jr. (D.-Calif.) believes that "the rational, fair, and equitable allocation and oversight of funds in support of the nation's research and development enterprise is threatened by this continued increase in academic earmarks. To put it colloquially, a little may be okay, but too much is too much." In "Academic Earmarks: An Interim Report by the Chairman of the Committee on Science, Space & Technology," Brown examines the practice from three perspectives: Congress, the institutions that receive the funds, and the federal agencies that disburse them. The term academic earmark is used to identify funds that are tied to a specific project or research program at a particular institution or consortium of institutions. Earmarks ...


This thesis develops a way to construct finite volume hyperbolic manifolds in the form of knot complements, which converge (geometrically) to specified infinite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds.


During the second half of the 19th century, industrialization in Germany and subsequent changes in Hanseatic investment strategies aimed at Latin American coffee-producing countries had a considerable impact on German coffee consumption habits. Using a transnational perspective this article explains how, responding to greater commercial risks in the market, Hanseatic coffee merchants developed differentiated market policies and encouraged consumption patterns that would not only help counterbalance their own commercial risks but also satisfy the dissimilar needs of the industrial sector and the growing German middle and upper classes. German investment strategies in Guatemalan coffee production were to play a key role in this scheme.


A previous EUMETSAT study investigated possible links between the negative wind speed bias found in Numerical Weather Prediction Models and the height assignment of wind vectors calculated from METEOSAT-7 imagery. The results of that study, based on a few cases, showed that the METEOSAT-7 cloud heights were frequently colder on average than the AVHRR cloud heights. The most signficant finding was that this colder temperature caused the wind vector to be placed at an altitude where the wind speed profile was strongest, i.e. in the jet. Although several studies suggest that the wind speed bias can be attributed to the presence of semi-transparent clouds, it has been shown that this bias occurs for optically thick clouds. Ground radar comparisons showed that the cause may be due to the diffuse nature of the top boundaries of the clouds. The question arose during the course of this study, how does the viewing angle affect the heights of the wind vectors? The temperature differences between the nadir view (AVHRR) and oblique view (METEOSAT) were on the order of 5K. A cold bias of 5K is equivalent to about 30hPa at pressures above 300hPa. In a wind speed regime with a strong vertical gradient, this difference is sufficient to cause a bias in the wind speed. This is significant because both METEOSAT-7 and MSG (METEOSAT-8) satellites view Northern Europe at oblique angles and the meteorology is defined by jet stream winds. This study will present a statistical analysis of AVHRR and METEOSAT cloud top temperatures for optically thick clouds for data collected during the KNMI CLARA experiment. The main focus will be the effect the view geometry has on the temperatures of optically thick clouds with diffuse boundaries and those with solid boundaries. The statistics of the wind speed associated with the height of these clouds, as determined by matching the cloud temperature with radiosonde profiles, will also be presented. The goal is to provide a more solid base of information about clouds above Northern Europe which can be used to address the wind speed height assignment problems.


This paper presents a new reconfigurable antenna-filter-antenna (AFA) element based on slot antennas and switchable resonators. This reconfigurable AFA can operate in four modes of operation as a three- or four-pole filter, and yields a 2-bit variable phase delay. As a result, the multimode AFA can be used as the building block of 2-bit adaptive lens arrays. This paper details design, modeling, and miniaturization of the reconfigurable AFA, and demonstrates its performance through preconfigured prototypes. The proposed AFA has a loss of 1.4-1.6 dB measured at 32 GHz in both three- and four-pole filter modes, and exhibits a frequency response that is almost insensitive to the angle of incidence. Several proof-of-concept fixed lens arrays have been also fabricated for output beams scanned to 0deg, 15deg, 30deg, 45deg, and 60deg in the E- and H-plane. The measurement results show that the output beam can be scanned to plusmn60deg in both principle planes, with a worst case sidelobe level of less than -11 dB and a scan loss that hardly exceeds the theoretical limit


Doctors across the country are expressing wide support for the new Choosing Wisely Canada campaign, but whether the lists of unnecessary procedures will actually change practice remains to be seen.

The goal of the campaign is to change the culture of "more is better" in medicine, said founder


The investigation is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of volunteering in modern Ukraine. Today all kinds, types and forms of volunteering, which are involved in the public space of both the warring country and the world complimentary to it, deserve close attention, support and study. This is, in particular, because it is the large-scale volunteer movement that is important along with the activities of the Armed Forces a component of the approaching Ukrainian Victory in the fight against Putin's totalitarian regime. The authors of the article pay special attention to the female component of volunteer activity, since the women of Ukraine have become the main volunteer force in helping the Armed Forces and victims of Russia's aggression against the Ukrainian nation and state. The volunteer movement has become the main formative factor of the developed civil society on the territory of modern Ukraine. Despite of the great interest in the study of volunteering in Ukraine and abroad, existing in the domestic socio-humanitarian discourse, a certain corpus of texts has already been created. It is worth admitting that scientists do not have time to analyze all the variety of manifestations of volunteer activity, its specific characteristics in various aspects, in particular, and what concerns gender component of the problem. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the specifics of the phenomenon of female volunteerism during Ukraine's war with the Russian aggressor as an effective component of this struggle and the approach of Ukrainian Victory. The research is conducted with an emphasis on the socio-philosophical and philosophical-worldview basis. Such a phenomenon as "intellectual volunteering" deserves special attention of scientists, the analysis of which is planned to be devoted special attention in a future study.


The paper is devoted to the conceptualisation of knowledge of the past and its importance for the present. The author reveals the problems arising because of the defects in inter-generation transfer impeding a person's socialisation.


The present invention provides a kind of ocean light-seine fishery fishing boat, including hull, main frame, constant pitch airscrew, bull outfit and fittint, fuel oil equipment, fire-fighting equipment, lifestyle device, ventilation equipment, exhaust equipment, fire-extinguishing apparatus, antipollution equipment, lifting appliance, deck machinery equipment, navigational equipment, lifesaving appliance, signalling arrangement, power-supply system, controller switching equipment, power equipment;Wherein described bull outfit and fittint, fuel oil equipment, fire-fighting equipment, lifestyle device, ventilation equipment, exhaust equipment, fire-extinguishing apparatus, antipollution equipment, lifting appliance, deck machinery equipment, navigational equipment, lifesaving appliance, signalling arrangement, power-supply system, controller switching equipment are arranged on hull.Light-seine fishery fishing boat in ocean provided by the invention has good ship type, and has stronger endurance, if sea water desalinating unit, can reduce fresh water useful load, carries out long voyage self-supplying capacity more than 30 days.


Describes the rent setting policies and practices of Scottish social landlords and the effect these have on rent differentials within and across areas.


Introduction: Tanzania has adopted various technologies for Vaccine and Immunization Health Supply Chain Management to improve the availability, access, and utilization of immunization programs. However, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of the technologies in Vaccine and Immunization Health Supply Chain Management. This study assesses the effectiveness of technology on vaccine and immunization supply chain management in selected health facilities in Tanzania. Methods: This study adopted an exploratory descriptive cross-sectional design. The study collected data using structured questionnaires from health facilities that adopted VIHSCM technologies in Arusha, Mwanza, and Mbeya regions, Tanzania. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations with the aid of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences 23rd Edition (SPSS). Results: The study findings showed that 56.7% of the surveyed Health facilities had either TiMR, DHIS2, or GOTHOMIS technology used for vaccine and immunization supply chain management. The study shows that 51.4% of respondents at health facilities agreed that the adopted technologies were very effective, 45.9% were moderately effective and 2.7% said the technologies were less effective. The results asserted that 18.9 % of the adopted technologies were effective in the Management of immunization services, 37.8 % asserted that technology utilizations have Increased access to the vaccine, 2.7% said that technology utilizations assisted in monitoring vaccine temperature, 24.3% said that technologies utilizations assisted in vaccines at their respective health facilities, 5.4 % said that technologies utilizations assisted in the Maintaining the quality of Vaccines. Conclusion: This study concluded that technology plays a substantial role in improving the availability and quality of vaccines and immunization services in health facilities. Also, the study suggested that increase the use of technologies to capitalize the VIHSCM effectiveness.


A comparative study in callus induction in vitro is reported utilizing explants of hypocotyl, cotyledon, cotiledonary leaf and root (excised from seedligs of four bean varieties), sown on a modified basal Murashige & Skoog agar medium, plus one of five 2,4-D concentrations. The best results (in increasing order) were obtained in all varieties from hypocotyl, cotyledon and cotyledonary leaf explants treated with 3, 10 and 5 mg/l of 2,4-D, respectively.


Objective
To analyze the therapeutic effect of patients with basal cell carcinoma of auricle.

Methods
24 patients with auricle basal cell carcinoma were treated by complete resection of cartilage in the area of safe margin and took primary repair with pedicle musculocutaneous flap at our hospital from January, 2012 to January, 2016. Determined by postoperative pathology, the scope of excision was safe, and no radiotherapy was performed.

Results
All the 24 patients were cured in one stage after operation, with complete repair of metastatic musculocutaneous flap and hidden surgical traces. No recurrence was found during 2 years postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion
The safe edge resection of auricle basal cell carcinoma can achieve curative effect in one stage, avoid radiotherapy, and the metastatic musculocutaneous flap can repair the tissue defect to the greatest extent, which guarantees the appearance of beauty, and the material selection is convenient, achieving pathological and psychological bidirectional treatment and highlighting the medical advantages in the treatment of auricle tumor.

Key words:
Auricle basal cell carcinoma; Subcutaneous pedicle musculocutaneous flap; Safe margin of cartilage excision


This paper examines the dynamic relationship between profit sharing and profitability in a sample of U.K. firms during the 1980s. The estimates indicate a positive short-run effect of the introduction of profit sharing schemes on the financial performance of companies. This relationship is evident even if unobserved firm-specific fixed effects and potential endogeneity of profit sharing are controlled for. Quite apart from its widely recognized influence on productivity and industrial relations, profit sharing is arguably a financially attractive option for firms. There is also evidence of the persistence of profitability in U.K. profit sharing firms. Copyright 1994 by Royal Economic Society.


This paper investigates the increase in the relative demand for nonmanual workers using a large panel of Italian manufacturing firms over the 1990s. The results indicate that "within-firm" skill upgrading was the main determinant of this increase, with hightech firms playing a leading role in this process. By contrast,"between-firm" employment shifts have reduced the relative demand for skills. Firm-level skill upgrading took place on both the extensive margin (employment) and the intensive margin (hours worked), and is significantly related to investment in computers and R&D.


A finite element method for solving of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is used to study the unsteady aerodynamics of a two-dimensional canard-wing aerodynamic interference. The method used a discontinuous finite element method for spatial discretization and an explicit Runge-Kutta time integration for temporal discretization. The problems of a flow over an airfoil with/without viscosity, a flow over a pitching airfoil, and an airfoil-vortex interaction are tested to show the accuracy of the proposed numerical method. Finally, the results of two-dimensional canard-wing aerodynamic interference in steady and unsteady transonic flows are shown to demonstrate the robustness of the numerical algorithm, and qualitative and quantitative aerodynamic influence of one airfoil on the other.


Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URI) are a common problem in primary care settings. In traditional East Asian medicine, URI are categorized into three major disorders: influenza‐like; common cold; and warmth disorders. The categorization of acute febrile URI, however, is yet to be ascertained. Here, we conducted a single‐center retrospective chart review and classification of the various symptoms of acute phase febrile URI.


Ruminant animals play an important role in the food chain for evaluate cellulose and non-protein nitrogenous (NPN) compounds absorbed partially or not by other farm animals and humans. However, ruminant animals also bring some disadvantages. Methane, produced as a natural consequence of the ruminal digestion and it is a potential green house gas, is a problem, both ecologically and economically. Methane emissions from ruminant livestock are a contributor to total global anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases which have a global warming potential. Also methane produced by ruminants represents a loss of energy for ruminants. Methane is formed in the fore-stomach (reticulorumen, more commonly known as the rumen) of ruminants by a group of microbes called methanogens, which form a subgroup of the domain Archaea. Their effect on producing methane is mentioned. In this review, current approaches towards mitigation of methane in pastoral farming are summarised. The strategies to diminish methane output from livestock are required for ecological and economical dairy production. Research strategies based on vaccination, enzyme inhibitors, phage, homoacetogens, feed supplements, and animal selection are reviewed. Numerous studies have been completed on use of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) in substitute for chemical feed additives because some of them modify rumen fermentation and reduce CH4 production. Also this review describes the basic conceptual aspects of ruminal methanogenesis, which is a way of keeping a low H2 pressure in the rumen by reducing CO2, and steps where it may be possible to intervene to reduce CH4 production


In humans, IgA is expressed in three different forms: monomeric IgA, dimeric IgA (dIgA), and secretory IgA (SIgA). On the mucosal sites, mainly dIgA is produced by local plasma cells, which is composed of two IgA molecules that are connected tail-to-tail by a so-called J chain. Binding of dIgA to the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), present on epithelial cells on mucosal membranes, causes dIgA to be secreted in secretions such as mucus and breast milk. A portion of the pIgR, referred to as the secretory component (SC), remains attached to dIgA to form SIgA. In contrast to the mucosal sites, the blood circulation mainly contains monomeric IgA produced by plasma cells in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. In the circulation, IgA is the second most abundant antibody after IgG. Based on the characteristics of IgA on mucosal sites, IgA in circulation is thought to play mainly a passive and anti-inflammatory role in systemic immunity. However, elevated blood IgA levels or the presence of IgA autoantibodies have been detected in multiple diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, IgA nephropathy, IgA vasculitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, and alcoholic liver syndrome acquired immune cirrhosis. The exact contribution of IgA in the pathology of these diseases is insufficiently known to date. In this thesis, I investigated the development of IgA and its inflammatory potential after vaccination, during persistent infection and during autoimmunity or chronic inflammation in order to gain a better understanding of the role of IgA in health and disease.

With this thesis, I refute the current belief that IgA is a redundant antibody in circulation. It is important to emphasize that the role of IgA in circulation has mainly been studied using different mouse models. Due to the lack of the IgA receptor, FcαRI, in mice, the inflammatory potential of IgA may have been overlooked and the results of these studies should be interpreted carefully. Using a human FcαRI/IgA transgenic mouse model, we demonstrated that FcαRI-mediated neutrophil activation by IgA exacerbates the pathology of DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. FcαRI-mediated cell activation may play an important role in defense against pathogens, however, the flip side of the coin is that abnormal or excessive IgA inflammatory responses can result in tissue damage and thereby contribute to the pathology of inflammatory diseases. On the one hand, increasing antigen-specific IgA levels in the circulation through vaccination may protect against infectious diseases. On the other hand, blocking the interaction between IgA and FcαRI through monoclonal antibodies or peptides can dampen inflammation and disease. It is therefore of great importance that future serological research on vaccination, infectious and inflammatory diseases also includes IgA- and FcαRI-mediated cell activation.


The paper aims to introduce a method for the analytical formulation of the integral square error (ISE). In this manner, the aim of the research is to create a parametric solution of the ISE for linear continuous feedback control systems while the closed-loop system is stable and the difference between reference and output, or error, is strictly proper. The potential advantage of this technique is that it allows the finding of an analytical solution for the ISE criterion and hence it is well adopted when a parametric solution of the ISE for optimal control problems is needed. This method is also superior to the numerical methods, because it returns the exact solution of the ISE. Comparisons with a powerful numerical method are given to validate the proposed method.


Regression analysis can be appropriate to describe a nonlinear relationship between the response variable and the explanatory variables. This article describes the construction of a partially linear regression model with two systematic components based on the exponentiated odd log-logistic normal distribution. The parameters are estimated by the penalized maximum likelihood method. Simulations for some parameter settings and sample sizes empirically prove the accuracy of the estimators. The superiority of the proposed regression model over other regression models is shown by means of agronomic experimentation data. The predictive performance of the new model is compared with two machine learning techniques: decision trees and random forests. These methods achieved similar prediction performance, i.e., none stands out as a better predictor. In this sense, the objective of the research is to choose the best method. If the objective is only predictive, the decision tree can be used due to its simplicity. For inference purposes, the regression model is recommended, which can provide much more information regarding the relationship of the variables under study.


Criminal thinking can be interpreted as a condition of a person's thinking to commit a desired criminal act by going against the existing rules through justifications for actions that are considered true and common. The criminal thinking process can be controlled by being given the right treatment in order to restore the thinking process according to the applicable norms and rules. This study has a purpose to determine the effect of self-control on criminal thinking of prisoners at Correctional Institution Class I Surakarta. The research method used is quantitative method by distributing questionnaires. Sampling using stratified random sampling as many as 86 respondents of prisoners at Correctional Institution Class I Surakarta. The questionnaire consists of self-control variables using the Self-Control Scale and criminal thinking variables using the TCU Criminal Thinking Scale (TCU CTS), each of them consist 24 statement items. Data analysis used descriptive test, normality test, linearity test, simple linear regression test, significance test, and determination test with IBM SPSS 26.0 software. There are research results that the value of t arithmetic > t table (5,497 > 1,989) where t arithmetic is negative which means it is inversely proportional. So that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a significant and negative effect of self-control on the criminal thinking of prisoners at Correctional Institution Class I Surakarta. The results of the determination test obtained R square value of 0.265 which indicates that the magnitude of the influence of self-control on criminal thinking of prisoners is 26.5% while the remaining 73.5% is influenced


This contribution shows the applicability of the double membrane sensor presented earlier for high sensitivity mass density sensing. The sensor is based on two opposed membranes vibrating in parallel in a sample liquid. Excitation and read-out of the membrane vibration are based on Lorentz forces induced in a static magnetic field. Each membrane carries three conductive paths for excitation which can be separately connected to the excitation currents. This possibility allows for switching between viscosity or mass density sensitive driving mode, which is analyzed in this contribution. Measurements with various test liquids show, that the frequency of the fundamental mode strongly decreases with increasing mass density. Comparing the results with measurements achieved with earlier designs indicates an increased sensitivity on density featuring a reasonably sustained quality factor for increasing viscosities.


The aim of this study is to ascertain the current status of in-service educations for childcare teachers and to identify any problems from the teachers' perspectives for the purpose of devising an improvement plan. A survey conducted for the study found that the majority of childcare teachers in Seoul participate in diverse educational programs for personal improvement in addition to the in-service educations required by law. At the same time, however, problems were found concerning the current system, including the absence of teachers' options in choosing in-service educations, pressure from childcare center directors to choose online or weekend programs, difficulty in participating in educational programs due to excessive workload and the hardship of finding substitute teachers, and problems in the cycle and method of in-service educations. This study makes several suggestions based on the findings, which include: expansion of the pool of substitute teachers for ensuring educational opportunities for childcare teachers; expansion of opportunities for participating in inservice educations during work hours on weekdays; development and expansion of practical curriculums applicable in the field; introduction of a in-service education system that adopts an academic credit bank method; reinforcement of in-service educations of the Childcare Support Center; and establishment of the Seoul City Childcare Teacher Training Center.


The scandium dialkyl complex LSc (CH2SiMe3)(2) (L = (2, 6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3))NC(Me)CHPPh2 N-(2, 6-Me2C6H3)) activated with [Ph3C] [B(C6F5)(4)] could initiate ethylene and propylene copolymerization with high activity (7. 5 x 10(5)g(PE) mol(-1) h(-1) (10(5) Pa)(-1)) under the conditions of room temperature (30 degrees C) and atomphere pressure (1. 0 x 10(5) Pa). The influence of comonomer feed content and polymerization temperature on activity and the composition of the copolymers using LSc (CH2SiMe3)(2)/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)(4)] catalytic system were investigated. An increase in the initial propylene feed content leads to the increase in the incorporated propylene content of the resulting copolymer. At 30 degrees C, the highest activity and incorporation of propylene were achieved. Determination of the reactivity ratios shows a much high reactivity for ethylene (r(E) = 29. 75 and r(P) = 0. 015). The resultant copolymers are elastomers having random sequence distibution of the two monomeric units evidenced by C-13-NMR spectroscopy and DSC analyses.