Mite infestation is one of the main factors restricting jute production in Bangladesh. The utilization of jute cultivars tolerant to mite attack can be one of the most economic strategies for expanding jute production. Among jute genotypes, C. olitorius O-7/95 has been reported to be most tolerant to mite attack. SSR or microsatellite markers for jute have been successfully used in distinguishing mite sensitive and tolerant jute varieties. To increase selection efficiency for mite tolerance we have used an F2 population of O-7/95 and O-72 (sensitive to mite attack) to map a number of these microsatellite markers and to determine their linkage with mite tolerant trait. A preliminary genetic linkage map based on 35 F2 populations, was constructed using software MAPMAKER/EXP (ver 3.0b). This map was based on ten SSR markers and a phenotypic marker (M-11) related to mite sensitivity. In this analysis mite resistance has been found to be linked with a SSR marker, M-66 at LOD threshold of 3. This marker has the potential of being useful in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in jute breeding programs for selection of lines resistant to mite. Introduction With the advent of molecular marker based techniques, the scope for characterization of genetic variability in plants presents immense opportunities. Marker-dense genetic maps contribute greatly to our understanding of evolutionary process, enable marker assisted-selection and mapping of agronomic traits and facilitate many aspects of crop improvement. Many linkage maps in plants are based on F2 population or recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations (Burr et al. 1988, Gardiner et al. 1993, Röder et al. 1998, Davis et al. 1999, Temnykh et al. 2000). The aim of linkage mapping is to find out the approximate location of genes relative to genetic markers on a chromosome based on recombination frequencies observed in pedigrees or progeny populations (Clark and Wall 1996). Polymorphism between individuals in a population and their detection with genetic markers are essential elements of linkage mapping. Construction of a genetic linkage map requires selection of an appropriate population, defining markers or genes, calculation of pair-wise recombination frequencies, establishment of linkage groups, determination of gene or marker order and estimation of map distances (Staub et al. 1996). A number of PCR-based marker technologies have expedited the construction of high-density linkage maps; facilitated genetic analysis and map based cloning (Yang et al. 2002, Peters et al. 2003). These techniques involve RFLP (McCouch et al. 1997), RAPD (Williams et al. 1990), AFLP (Vos et al. 1995), SSR (Tautz 1989). PCR-based markers like the Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers are robust, inexpensive to assay, easily shared among researchers, and readily accessible in public and private domains, making them a much more appropriate approach for developing countries. With Corresponding author: E-mail: <email@example.com>. Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka1207, Bangladesh.


The dynamic performance design of catenary-pantograph system which collects current for the next generation Korean high speed train(KHST) was considered. Used was the same dynamic model of the catenary-pantograph system as that of TGV-K which will be introduced for Kyung-bu corridor. Using the model, sensitivity analysis for design variables were made to improve dynamic performance of KHST system. The results of sensitivity analysis and performance improvement are as follows: (1) It was found that aerodynamic force, tension of contact wire, mass of contact strip, mass of supporting contact strip, mass of clamp, mass of steady arm, and stiffness of plunger were the design variables most influencing the dynamic performance of the system. (2) Pantograph with reductions of 20% aerodynamic force, 34% weight of supporting contact strip, 20% spring constant of plunger, and 34% equivalent mass of steady arm was very possible system for the KHST which will be running at maximum operating speed 350 ㎞/h.


Exchange of information in a network of mobile and wireless nodes without any infrastructure hold such networks are called as adhoc networks. A Mobile adhoc network (MANET) is multi-hop, mobile, infrastructure less wireless network which is accomplished of autonomous operation. In the present paper we have discussed some of the basic routing protocols in MANET like Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing(DSR), Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector(AODV) and Zone Routing Protocol(ZRP). Security is one of the biggest concern in MANETs as they are infrastructure-less and autonomous. Therefore, in manet networks along with security needs, there must be two basic considerations kept in mind: firstly to make the routing protocol secure and secondly to protect the data transmission. Our effort in this paper would focus on achieving the routing and secure information exchange. This will make possible the user nodes to perform secure routing between nodes along with secure exchange of information between the nodes. Because of the use of such routing algorithm along with cryptographic algorithm we ensure confidentiality, integrity and authentication of data exchange in a more suitable and secured way.


In patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a prevalence of anxiety and/or depression of 30–35% has been reported in phases of clinical inactivity, reaching up to 60–80% in the flare-ups. Moreover, the presence of psychological comorbidity is now considered to complicate the course of IBD. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between mood disturbances and individual illness perception.

 Patients attending our tertiary hospital IBD outpatient clinic were enrolled. They filled the "Hospital anxiety and depression scale" (HADS) and the "Brief illness perception questionnaire" (BIPQ). Sociodemographic characteristics, phenotype and clinical course of IBD were reviewed as well. Ethical approval of the study was obtained.

 A total of 201 patients were analyzed: male 102 (50.7%) female 99 (47.3%), UC 113 (56.2%), CD 88 (43.8%). The HADS prevalence of psychological pathology was 24%, (22% anxiety, 6.9% depression), and 17% patients previously were on mood medications. There were no differences between CU and EC, although EC patients tended to show more anxiety. Women had a higher prevalence of anxiety (29% vs 15.6%) and depression (9.6% vs 4.7%) than men (p=0.03 and p=0.009). Anxiety was also associated with previous IBD hospitalization (p=0.005), and depression with living alone (p=0.007). The BIPQ dimensions: consequences, concern and emotional response were statistically associated with the presence of psychological pathology, anxiety and depression (p=0.0005 each).

 Mood disturbances are frequently found in IBD patients, especially among females. A negative individual illness perception of the consequences and emotions related to IBD seems to correlated strongly with the presence of anxiety and/ or depression in these patients.


This was a retrospective descriptive study that examined the responses to the discovery of breast symptoms in women with breast cancer. All women were recruited from the American Cancer Society's Reach to Recovery program after having mastectomy for primary breast cancer. Interviews occurred in the homes of participants following a semistructured questionnaire. Sessions were tape-recorded and later transcribed. Seventy-five percent (15) of the women had self-discovered breast symptoms that included breast lumps, nipple retraction, nipple secretion, and unusual sensation. The symptoms of the remaining five women were other-discovered (three by physicians, one breast screening clinic, and one granddaughter). Responses to the discovery were categorized as "early help-seeking," "wait and see," "ignoring symptoms," and "preparation for death." The delay time between the discovery and first seeking professional help ranged from less than 1 week to over 7 years. There was additional treatment delay ranging from approximately 6 months to over 1 year for four of the women. There was a significant relationship found between older age and extended delay. No relationship was found between delay and personal knowledge of cancer effects or reported nodal involvement. There was also no relationship found between age and nodal involvement. Nursing implications and strategies are discussed.


In the article the author makes an endeavour to characterize tourism as a social-economic phenomenon exerting positive influence upon country's economy respective of the state in which tourist industry functions. Having systematized the notions of tourism proposed by different authors in chronological succession he tries to give a definition of his own taking into account all the data already existing. Each variant moved by a concrete explorer respective of the objectives pursued possessing a specific slant, nevertheless, has common features with the "universal" version; in the author's opinion, it is quite a natural phenomenon being grounded on methodological principles of research of processes and phenomena. Proceeding from the assumption of comparison the author elicited three "base-forming" constituents of the notion of tourism around which the elements characterizing the peculiarities of the aims concerned with tourism exploration are bound to concentrate. In the process of comparative analysis the author ascertained that a single definition of tourism suitable for all occasions at a running is impossible because tourism as a socialpolitical phenomenon is in the state of permanent change being subjected to alterations in concrete time and space; so, a definition conforming with one case may turn out to be improper for another situation. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that tourist industry is developed inadequately in Tajikistan for the present time, therefore, it is expedient to improve the available potential in order to create a base for developing other types of tourism; the inference being methodologically right.


More than 40 diseases have been identified in soybeans in Brazil and annual yield losses are estimated at 15-20% amounting to US$1.3 billion. Late season diseases (LSD) alone, caused by brown spot and Cercospora leaf blight may be responsible for over 20% losses on individual farms. Genetic resistance is the most economical and easiest way to control many diseases. In the case of LSD no reliable source of resistance is available and chemical control is the only cure. Little is known about the best time of fungicide sprays for LSD control. Research determined the best time for fungicide application based on pod-filling stages and for the control of diseases and its impact on yield. Field experiments were carried out under three tillage practices: non-tillage, minimum tillage (subsoiler) and conventional tillage. Experimental design was randomized complete block, with ten treatments (nine times of spraying and check) and five replicates each. Fungicide used was difenoconazole at 75 g active ingredient per hectare. Fungicide was applied at growth stages R5.1, R5.2, R5.3, R5.4, R5.5, R6, R5.1 + R5.4, R5.2 + R5.5 and R5.3 + R6. Parameters were: a. severity of LSD, b. percent defoliation compared to check; c. yield (kg/ha), and d. 1.000 seed weight (tsw). Due to prevailing water deficit and high temperature during the reproductive stage of soybeans, disease severity was low and no yield differences were detected among the treatments. For other parameters, significant differences were observed when difenoconazole was applied at growth stages R5.1 + R5.4, in all three soil management. Conventional tillage had greater values in all parameters when compared to no-tillage


Poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) is a semicrystalline polymer investigated for highly demanding applications in aerospace, transportation, electronics, and oil & gas industries. The properties requ...


and cilostazol at 200 mg/day for 10 years. As part of thorough examination of atrioventricular block, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was performed to rule out cardiac sarcoidosis. There was no myocardial FDG uptake, but there was a significant uptake around the SES in the LAD (Figure 1). Coronary CT angiography showed aneurysmal dilatation (18×28 mm) with a low-density area surrounding the SES (Figure 2A). Coronary angiography A 63-year-old woman was admitted for the treatment of sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular block. She had received sirolimus-eluting stent (SES; 2.5×18 mm) in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) 10 years previously. Routine coronary angiography had indicated no stent restenosis 1 year after SES implantation. The patient had a history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and coronary risk factors were well controlled after the stenting. She continued taking aspirin at 100 mg/day


in the house, broken windows and filth. Compared with my own home it looked appalling?and yet, and yet?somehow it was the desperate human need that came across rather than the physical aspects of the environment. Later that day I met the parents. His dull eyes bore no resentment, just a vague lack of interest; her aggression regarding implied criticism of her treatment of the children harboured guilt; the many tired lines on the young face told of infinite weariness. Sympathy and warmth came flooding in on me, but also the big question, where and how best to make contact. Two aspects of approach struck me as particularly important?one to draw on one's own personal experiences, and the other to recognise that what divides us is far less than the common


Smart online Korean language guiding effect evaluation system based on spectrum visualization is designed and implemented in this paper. The greedy algorithm in sparse representation has been widely used in speech compression and also noise reduction processing. Based on this popular method, this research work has designed the novel spectrum visualization model. The data collection model is designed and the data analytic framework is then optimized. The evaluation system considers the fuzzy and neural computing. The experiment is conducted on the collected data set. Compared with the other approaches, the proposed model has the better evaluation performance.


[Objective] To study performance of introduced Shandong Shouguang daylight greenhouse in different regions of Ningxia.[Method] The temperature variation in five regions of Ningxia was determined by temperature and moisture automatic record instrument.[Result] Daily minimum temperature inside greenhouse appeared at the time between 7:00-9:00,and daily maximum temperature at 14:00 or so,the temperature had obvious diurnal variation in cloudy and sunny day.All Shouguang solar greenhouses in different regions had the temperatures above 0℃ in winter expect in Hongsipu,in which temperature had the short-term below the 0℃,with the lowest temperature outside was below-20 ℃ in Ningxia.The inside temperature at night was from 3.7 ℃ to 13.3 ℃ in January.Shouguang solar greenhouse with the consistent structure,the greenhouse in Ningxia Irrigation District including Helan,Wuzhong,Zhongwei,temperature inside had no significant difference;The greenhouse in Hongsipu which in arid area of central Ningxia,the temperature inside was the lowest,according to many gales days in winter;The greenhouse in Pengyang which in the south mountain area of Ningxia,surrounded by mountains,had the good temperature in winter although Pengyang had the lowest temperature outside.[Conclusion] Shouguang-type daylight greenhouse has no demand of artificial temperature-increasing in normal winter in Ningxia with advantages of stable plant growth environment and strong ability of resisting disaster weather,which could obtain higher economic benefits in agriculture production. A


a Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA b Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Abstract: Here we present a methodology for utilizing linear programming techniques to select from a portfolio of commercially available solar energy modules, including photovoltaic and solar-thermal panels, along with electrical and thermal storage systems to meet the energy demand of a midrise apartment complex in Amherst, Massachusetts. We treat the complex as a microgrid that cannot export energy to the grid. The storage schedule is formulated as a subproblem solved concurrently with a multiple objective knapsack problem. Coupling the scheduling and design problems induces nonlinearities, which we eschew with an iterative method. We minimize the objective value; a commonly utilized energy grid reliability metric, energy not supplied (ENS) by the solar energy system. Energy not supplied is imported from the grid to balance demand. Energy demand data is obtained from the Reference Building Model developed by NREL. A realistic generation efficiency model is used to convolve the insolation and atmospheric data, obtained from the National Solar Radiation Database. An economic metric is defined and utilized to determine the most cost-efficient budget. We compare the optimal design solutions and objective values corresponding to an averaged insolation time series to those of days with poorer-than-average and greater-than-average insolation during a sampled month.


for one who acknowledges that he has nothing new or important to say, and who finds himself for the third time in this unhappy position, to brave the adverse criticism which he feels that he shall deserve, aid which has been passed upon him over and over again by anticipation. On the other hand, for reasons which I will briefly state, I have always been a consistent advocate of the maintenance of


Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) has conducted a test program to examine the feasibility of passivating all CRES alloys used at LMSC with nondichromate containing passivation solutions. Nitric acid solution Types VI & VI1 specified in QQ-P-35C were evaluated for passivating austenitic CRES alloys recommended in QQ-P-35 and were also evaluated for passivating free machining and precipitation hardened alloys. Although QQ-P-35C does not specifically recommend passivating free machining or precipitation hardened alloys with the Type VI or VI1 solutions, it is not prohibited as long as the performance requirements can be met. Test criteria to assess the performance of the Type VI & VI1 passivation solutions on representative austenitic (304 & 321 ), free machining (303s & 303Se) and precipitation hardened (15-5, 17-4, 13-8 Mo & A286) alloys using MIL-STD-753 test methods are described. The performance of the non-dichromate solution types was compared with the dichromate containing Type ll solution, which was used as a control. Test results showed that the Type VI1 passivation solution (2025% HN03; 120-140°F; 20 minute immersion time; either with or without a post passivation alkaline rinse) was most effective in meeting the performance requirements of QQ-P-3% and passing all corrosion and staining tests specified MIL-STD-753. Test specimens treated in the Type VI1 solution passed the salt fog, high humidity, water immersion, copper sulfate, and ferricyanide tests except the free machining alloys, which passed all but the salt fog tests. Moreover, none of the free machining specimens showed any susceptibility to flash etching attack. The qualification of the QQ-P-35 Type VI1 solution for the passivation of austenitic, free machining, and precipitation hardened alloys at LMSC has resulted in significant hexavalent chromium elimination benefits as evidenced by the elimination of the need for two process tanks containing a total of 5000 gallons of dichromate containing passivation and passivation rinse solutions. '~-) -.


We use quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to characterize polymer dynamics in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) that function as single ion conductors. In this case, the SPE combines a PEO spacer with a comonomer that introduces an acid group that serves as the anion. In these single ion conductors (ionomers), only the cation is not covalently bonded to the polymer chain. We study polymer dynamics as a function of ion content, as controlled by varying the ratio of nonionized to ionized comonomers. Even in nonionic polymers (no acid groups), we observe two segmental processes, which we interpret as motion of PEO segments in the spacer midpoint and near the isophthalate groups. In ionized samples, cross-linking between ionic groups considerably slows the dynamics of PEO segments near the isophthalate group. We compare the results to the PEO/LiClO4 system by comparing both polymer dynamics and conductivity as a function of ion content. The optimal ion content for ionomers is half that of the salt system...


ABSTRACT Acute malnutrition affects more than 50 million under-five (U5) children, causing 8.0% of global child deaths annually. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) among U5 children in Afghanistan was 9.5% nationally and 3.7% in Faryab province in 2013. A cross-sectional study was conducted for 600 households in Faryab to find the prevalence and causes of acute malnutrition. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a logistic model. Demographic results of this study showed that 54.0% of the household heads and 92.3% of the mothers had no education. Three-fourths of households had a monthly income ≤ 250 USD. According to the measurement of weight for height Z-score (WHZ), 35.0% (210/600) of the children had acute malnutrition (wasting, WHZ < −2). In more than half of the households, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions were poor. When adjusted, a significant association of acute malnutrition among U5 children was found with the education level of household heads (OR=1.49; 95% CI, 1.02–2.17), age of household heads (OR=2.01; 95% CI, 1.21–3.35), income (OR=1.66; 95% CI, 1.04–2.27), education level of mothers (OR=2.21; 95% CI, 1.00–4.88), age of children (OR=1.99; 95% CI, 1.32–2.93), history of children with diarrhea in the last two weeks of data collection (OR=1.57; 95% CI, 1.10–2.27), feeding frequency (OR=3.01; 95% CI, 1.21–7.46), water sources (OR=1.89; 95% CI, 1.26–2.83), and iodized salt (OR=0.59; 95% CI, 0.39–0.88). The present study indicated that an increase in education level of parents, household income, and quality of WASH would result in a significant decrease in prevalence of wasting among U5 children.


The problem of disturbance decoupling is considered for a class of descriptor control systems. An algorithm is developed , and a coordinate change is introduced via this algorithm such that the control systems can be expressed in a simple form. A feedback control law is then constructed, which ensures the closed loop system has a unique solution without impulses, and its output is unafiected by disturbance. Su-cient and necessary conditions for the existence of such feedback are derived. Also an example is provided to illustrate the results of the paper.


The invention discloses a control system for a smoke-proof screen. The control system comprises a power circuit, a CPU control circuit, a digital signal modulation circuit and a transmitting circuit, wherein the power circuit outputs 5V working voltage for the CPU control circuit and further outputs 9V voltage for the transmitting circuit, and the CPU control circuit controls power supply of the digital signal modulation circuit through an audion. The CPU control circuit outputs a digital signal to the digital signal modulation circuit, the digital signal modulation circuit receives and outputs a digital modulation signal to the transmitting circuit, and the transmitting circuit transmits a signal. The CPU control circuit controls the audion to achieve the power supply of the digital signal modulation circuit, and only when the transmitting circuit performs transmitting work, the power supply is performed on the digital signal modulation circuit. The control system greatly reduces circuit power consumption, further improves product intelligentization through the CPU control circuit and is simplified by adopting an integrated transmitting chip.


This paper investigates an energy efficient power allocation problem for multiple clusters communication with cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access with simultaneous wireless power transmission (C-NOMA-SWIPT) model. There are two users in each cooperative cluster. The strong user receives the information and energy from BS simultaneous using power splitting, and then decodes and forwards relay data for the weak user. On the purpose of increasing system energy efficiency while increasing the spectrum efficiency using NOMA, our goal is to maximize the sum achievable user rate in NOMA user cluster respect to the power consumption in the system, which is a non-convex quadratic programing problem (NP-hard). We design a three-stage strategy to optimize the system model to get the maximal average network energy efficiency. Simulation results show that our C-NOMA-SWIPT scheme works much better than the traditional NOMA and OMA schemes.


The literature contains numerous references to applications where the designer has utilized the advantages of non-contacting hydrostatic seals to solve problems of operating under conditions of high speeds, pressures and temperatures. Examples vary from gas designs for turbines and compressors to liquid applications such as boiler feed pumps and liquid-sodium pumps for nuclear reactors. It is the view of the authors that this type of seal, proved under these very difficult operating conditions, has considerable advantages when compared to 'balanced' mechanical face seals. In this paper, the principles of operation of hydrostatic seals are presented and design data are given for orifice-, capillary- and slot-controlled designs, including a comparison of their performances under variable-temperature conditions. A method for optimizing the location of the seal groove is presented.


This paper sheds light on the relationship between domestic value added in exports (DVA) and the different ways firms participate in GVCs by exploiting a detailed firm‐level data set for the whole population of Slovenian exporting firms for the period 2002–14. The paper draws attention to those firm characteristics that allow a greater share of DVA to be captured. Although reliance on industry‐level data from input–output tables is the most common way of doing this in the literature, this paper develops a method for estimating DVA in exports using firm‐level data by adapting the approach taken by Kee and Tang (2016). The paper finds that in terms of DVA, domestic‐owned exporting firms outperform more productive foreign‐owned firms and that firms not affiliated with permanent suppliers from abroad capture higher DVA in exports. Positive outcomes of DVA in exports can be observed, all else being equal, for firms with a larger share of intangible capital per worker and firms with a smaller share of exports based on imports of the same products. The results also show that when exporting more to less demanding markets, like the countries of former Yugoslavia, firms benefit more in terms of greater DVA gains in exports.


IN 1957 a stir was occasioned in the old world by the Iranian-Italian agreement for a joint venture to speed up exploration for, and production of, Iranian oil, in areas of the national territory other than those covered by the well-known Consortium Agreement of 1054. That negotiations were proceeding between the President of Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (the Italian National Oil organisation) and the Iranian authorities had become known in the spring. At the same time there were rumours of new oil legislation by Iran. In the event, the agreement concluded by E.N.I.'s main subsidiary, A.G.I.P. Mineraria, and the National Iranian Oil Company (N.I.O.C.) was not signed until September 5. In the meantime the rumoured oil legislation had become a fact, the new Iranian Petroleum Law having been finally passed by both Houses of the Iranian Parliament on July 81. This law is an enabling statute authorising N.I.O.C. to enter into various degrees of association with Iranian or foreign companies " with a view to extending as rapidly as possible the operation of research, exploration and extraction of petroleum throughout the country and the continental shelf." It appears more than likely that the negotiations in train with A.G.I.P. Mineraria had spurred the Iranian authorities to pass new legislation: if not to regularise the position of this particular agreement, at least to render it less anomalous, and above all to establish the legal basis for similar contracts in the future. The Agreement was seized upon in the press as a breach of " the usual 50/50 arrangement " for the sharing of profits between the foreign operating company and the country whose oil was being produced. Some even suggested that the share of profits would be 72/75 in favour of Iran. In fact, if the venture is successful, A.G.I.P. Mineraria will retain the usual 50 per cent, of net profits realised on its own investment. It is true that the Italian company incurs an additional financial burden in the form of the surrender to N.I.O.C. of half the exploration costs, the arrangement being that, initially, A.G.I.P. Mineraria is to advance all the costs of


A series of well-designed deflectors were placed on the tray-95 to improve the flow pattern. A phenomenon of multiple plug flow was observed in each liquid flow channel between two deflectors on the deflected tray-95. In compliance with the theoretical prediction, temperature profiles of the liquid layer on the tray were measured both vertically and horizontally by resistive thermal detectors. An oxygen desorption experiment was carried out, and the oxygen concentrations in the inlet and outlet liquids were detected by iodometry. Then the liquid-phase Murphree tray efficiencies (E ML ) were calculated. The results show that the well-designed and well-placed deflectors can obviously increase the tray efficiency by almost 30% under the same operating conditions.


The supersonic plasma sprayed WC-12Co coatings have a higher micro-hardness and bonding strength as particles flying velocity(about 400~500 m/s) is much faster than that(about 200 m/s) sprayed by common plasma approach.The examinations of SEM microstructure and XRD phases showed that the synthesis porosities of WC-12Co coatings by supersonic plasma sprayed is superior to that of common plasma sprayed.


All around the world, and especially in developing countries, the demand for electrical power is rising. Along with climate change concerns, this increasing demand is fueling a rapid expansion in generation from renewable energy sources. In fact, wind and solar are the fastest-growing electrical energy sources in the world today. However, the additional electrical energy associated with these trends has to be transported to the consumer, which means existing AC transmission networks


The main goal of this paper is to develop smart speed violation detection system to control road accident. Traffic rule violation detection system is used to calculate the estimated speed of a motor vehicle at a given prompt of time. In previous study current speed detection technologies and methods are available which are more costly, and it can be able to detect only single vehicle at a time. Many different technologies are available to devise over speed detection system like radar or laser gun technologies are devised which are not so accurate and also are more costly. The main goal of this paper is to study various technologies which are applicable for computer vision or sensor based. The input for such system is required in the form of video and then the steps involved in estimating vehicle speed of the vehicle and display it as an output. The main objective of this paper is to study various parameters which can efficiently detect the speed violation. Keywords— Image processing, Object detection, Target tracking, Speed detection.


Disclosed is an access control method for receiving, from a terminal operating in SCM or TSCM and to which a first service is provided, an action frame including information for requesting the provision of a second service, transmitting, to a second network entity, a session deletion request message requesting the maintenance of context information of the terminal so as to provide the second service, transmitting, to a third network entity, a session creation request message requesting the creation of a PDN connection for the second service, and notifying a UE of the creation of the PDN connection.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to pyrethroid pesticides on neurodevelopment and behavior in a group of one-year old infants.

METHODS
Three metabolites of pyrethroids (cis-Cl2CA, trans-Cl2CA and 3-PBA) in urine samples of 301 pregnant women enrolled from somewhere of Jiangsu Province were detected, The anthropometrics and the neurodevelopment of their 1-year old infants were assessed using DST scales. The mothers were consent informed before the study.

RESULTS
Three metabolites of pyrethroid were detected in 95% of urine samples. The infants were divided into high, medium or low exposure group by the level of pyrethroid in their mothers' urine detected during pregnancy. The difference of neurodevelopment index (DQ) among three groups of one-year old children was significant (P < 0.05), and the association of pyrethroid exposure with neurodevelopment was verified by multiple liner regression analysis (beta = - 0.1453, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Prenatal exposure to elevated levels of pyrethroid pesticides was associated with reduced neurodevelopment of infants in this population.


The objective of the present paper is to study and evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on diabetic nephropathy caused by reactive species generated following hyperglycemia.
This study conducted on thirty-five male albino Wistar rats divided into five groups : the first group serves as control (C), the second group was treated by intraperitoneal injection of selenium (sodium selenite ) at 1.89 mg/kg / day,  regarding the 3rd  groups diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of alloxan (single dose) (DM). One of the diabetic groups was treated by intraperitoneal injection of insulin, 3 IU/100 g PC twice a day (DTins).  Another diabetic group is treated with 1.89 mg/kg/day of sodium selenite intraperitoneally (DTSe), and this for 21 days (the two groups treated with selenium were previously treated by gavage of 2 mg/kg/day for 10 days by the same trace element).
The results showed in untreated diabetic rats, a drop in body weight, and an increase in blood glucose (13.87mmol/L ± 0.62), urea (10.58 mmol/l ± 0.59), creatinine (64 µmol/l ± 1.3), and phosphorus (1.8 mmol/l ± 0.2).  A decrease in serum calcium (1.9 mmol/l±0.1), total protein (58g/l ± 5), albumin (32 g/l ± 3), insulin (0.64 µ UI/ml ± 0.06) and enzymatic activity of serum G6PDH (109.8 m UI/10GR ± 3). With a decrease in anti-oxidant defense, which results in a reduced renal tissue content in GSH (55 nmol/mg of proteins ± 2.2) and of GPx (0.198 µmol/mg of P ± 0.007) and catalase (14.64 µmol H2O2/mn/mg of P ± 0.8) activities. Meanwhile an increase activity of GSTs (0.791 nmol/mn/mg of P ± 0.03) and the concentration of TBARS (0.382 nmol/mg of P ± 0.02) were observed.
Sodium selenite induced the antioxidant defense of renal tissue, which protected it from the free radical damage that can be caused by the injection of Alloxan.


An optical study of pulse, dc, and ac (50–400 kHz) ignition of metal halide lamps has been performed by investigating intensified CCD camera images of the discharges. The ceramic lamp burners were filled with xenon gas at pressures of 300 and 700 mbar. In comparison with dc and pulse ignition, igniting with an ac voltage decreases the ignition voltage by up to 56% and the breakdown time scales get much longer (∼10−3 s compared with ∼10−7 s for pulse ignition). Increasing the ac frequency decreases the ignition voltages and changes the ionization channel shapes. External irradiation of UV light can have either an increasing or a decreasing effect on ignition voltages.


The method and the characteristics for observing and measuring the micro-distortion of signal by using spectrum analyzer have been introduced in the paper.From frequency field angle the phenomenon of signal distortion is analyzed,and the principle of observing and measuring the micro-distortion of signal by using spectrum analyzer is explored.At the same time listing two real measurement spectrum graphs and data by using R3131 spectrum analyzer,it has been verified that observing and measuring the micro-distortion of signal by using spectrum analyzer is feasible and advantage.


THE debate surrounding tamsulosin use to hasten the passage of ureteral stones intermittently spikes when trials with conflicting results are published. Although not explicitly Food and Drug Administration approved for aiding stone passage, rigorously performed metaanalyses of extensive studies have concluded that tamsulosin is effective at aiding the passage of distal ureteral stones. Although meta-analyses form the pinnacle of evidence-based medicine, debate continues and new trials are still being run and published. For each subsequent trial we should ask how further study of tamsulosin would change what we already know about its effect on distal stone passage and whether it would change the bottom line summation of available evidence informing the tamsulosin debate. For a given scenario how much evidence is necessary before we say that enough is enough? To assess the additional value of another trial of tamsulosin for distal ureteral stones we performed a sensitivity analysis of the existing tamsulosin literature. We assessed the amount of evidence in the form of the number of additional studies, the number of additional patients or the magnitude of effect that would be required to change the estimated effect of tamsulosin on distal stones from a beneficial effect to no statistically significant effect.


Diabetes is a priority public health question in Reunion. Such concern gave rise to a regional health programme, run since 1995. In 2001, it became a 2nd generation regional health programme oriented towards prevention. Anthropological research has been developing since 1994 around type 2 diabetes. Its approach is determined by the demands formulated by epidemiologists, nutritionists, and public health physicians. The way in which our involvement in the regional health programme has evolved has prompted us to switch from an anthropology of diabetes centred on the local subject to a political one focusing on prevention: from the understanding of risk behaviours and medical and preventive treatment, to an appreciation of the impact of this type of joint operation on the handling of prevention policies at institutional level.


Two honeycomb-type steel reinforced concrete(SRC) asymmetrical cross-shaped section columns were tested under biaxial eccentric loading to study the bearing behavior,the failure patterns and the column ultimate bearing capacity.Test results show that the failure mode is similar to reinforced concrete structure and the average strain of plane cross-section is basically coincident with the hypothesis.Opening holes on the web plate are advantageous to improve the interoperability between the steel and the concrete,and the ultimate bearing capacity of honeycomb-type SRC asymmetrical cross-shaped section columns is almost not effected by the opening hole on the steel web plate.


Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. It occurs in approximately 6% of all diagnosed cancer cases. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy procedures are the forms used in the treatment of head and neck cancer. According to the radiation dose, the form of administration, the extent and location of the irradiated area, the quality and intensity of radiation, and the patient's individual factors, radiotherapy may cause some side effects in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Among them are mucositis, xerostomia, osteoradionecrosis, trismus, oral infection, dysphagia, radiation cavities, and periodontal changes. All patients in this treatment develop some degree of oral mucositis, the severity being influenced by patient and treatment factors. Complications of head and neck cancer are among the most devastating in the short and long term, because they affect the most basic human activities, such as eating and speaking. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on oral mucositis and propose a protocol for its prevention and treatment. Material and methods: For this literature review, the study made use of Pub Med, Sciencdirect, Elsevier, Capes, Bireme, Scielo, Medline, Lilacs, and BBO databases. Results: Mucositis is clinically classified into five levels, ranging from erythematic to ulceration, with or without impairment of eating and swallowing activities. Multiple preventive and healing treatments are described in literature for systemic and local approach. Oral hygiene care before, during, and after radiotherapy or chemotherapy is essential to minimize the side effects. Conclusion: Dentists have an important role in the multidisciplinary team in order to prevent, diagnose, and treat patients undergoing cancer treatments.


IN A review of the literature in 1933, enamel, dentin, and whole teeth were reported to contain from 0.0 per cent to 1.4 per cent fluorine.1 The published results up to that time indicated the presence of 0.10 to 0.20 per cent fluorine in enamel. Following 1933, the accuracy of the fluorine analytical procedure was improved but the quantity of data relative to dental tissues has remained very limited. Additional data on fluorine in human dentin and enamel are desirable, particularly since fluorine has gained much prominence in the prevention of dental caries.2 The published results on the fluorine content of teeth beginning with the year 1933 are summarized in Table I, A and B). While the data given in Table I, A are insufficient to define the relation between fluorine content and mottled enamel diagnosis of individual teeth, as a general rule, exposure to fluoride waters, particularly during the formative period, results in more than normal percentages of fluorine being present in both dentin and enamel (See Ockerse,6 Table I, A and B). Fluorine determinations, however, are not consistent with respect to fluorine in sound versus various teeth. The most extensive evidence on this question has been supplied by Armstrong and Brekhus7 whose data are statistically significant and support the view that enamel of sound teeth may contain almost twice as much fluorine as enamel of various teeth. These investigators found no differences in dentin of sound and various teeth. Ockerse6 reported identical mean values for fluorine in sound and various enamel and no significant differences in dentin. Restarski,5 in heretofore unpublished analyses, obtained fluorine values which appear to be somewhat high for both sound and various dentin and enamel. His data seem to imply a somewhat elevated fluorine exposure by the group of Samoan natives whose teeth he analyzed, and, as he reported,' the Samoans have an unusually low caries index. The mean fluorine content of enamel of nine sound teeth, according to Restarski's data, was 0.0150± .0012 per cent, whereas fluorine in the enamel of fourteen various teeth had a mean value of 0.0110+ .0010 per cent. The difference between enamel of sound and various teeth, with its probable error, is 0.0040± .0015 per cent fluorine, which is too small to be statistically significant. Aside from the data presented by Armstrong and Brekhus,' therefore, there has been no evidence that enamel of various and noncarious teeth differs in fluorine content. Furthermore, the analytical data thus far give no indication of how fluorine may vary from one type of tooth to another, or in the teeth of one individual as compared with those of another.


The main objective of this paper is to design the model of development life cycle of the software safety-critical system and its brief describe. This life cycle consists of the phases of defining requirements for software, software design and implementation. Each phases of this paper is specified in more detail and briefly described, so as to achieve software safety at each stage of development of the software life cycle.


It is a long-standing convention of NIR news that we publish a modified version of the Tomas Hirschfeld Award lecture soon after the award has taken place. In 2016, the Hirschfeld Award was made to Jean-Michel Roger (IRSTEA, France) someone who is well-known within the near infrared community as a chemometrician of note and who has made very many contributions to the advancement in our understanding of data analysis and both quantitative and qualitative prediction techniques. It is our pleasure to reproduce below a summary of Jean-Michel's lecture delivered in Chambersburg at the IDRC event in August of this year.


Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of charcoal addition on N2O emissions resulting from rewetting of air-dried soil. Rewetting the soil at 73% and 83% of the water-filled pore space (WFPS) caused a N2O emission peak 6 h after the rewetting, and the cumulative N2O emissions throughout the 120-h incubation period were 11 ± 1 and 13 ± 1 mg N m−2, respectively. However, rewetting at 64% WFPS did not cause detectable N2O emissions (−0.016 ± 0.082 mg N m−2), suggesting a severe sensitivity to soil moisture. When the soils were rewetted at 73% and 78% WFPS, the addition of charcoal to soil at 10 wt% supressed the N2O emissions by 89% . In contrast, the addition of the ash from the charcoal did not suppress the N2O emissions from soil rewetted at 73% WFPS. The addition of charcoal also significantly stimulated the N2O emissions from soil rewetted at 83% WFPS compared with the soil without charcoal addition (P < 0.01). Moreover, the addition of KCl and K2SO4 did not show a clear difference in the N2O emission pattern, although Cl− and SO2− 4, which were the major anions in the charcoal, had different effects on N2O-reducing activity. These results indicate that the suppression of N2O emissions by the addition of charcoal may not result in stimulation of the N2O-reducing activity in the soil because of changes in soil chemical properties.


The initial draft of 164 NVC associations thought to occur in CBY was carefully evaluated by state ecologists, and 86 were judged not to occur in the ecoregion. About 20 associations not previously identified as within CBY were added, and several new associations were described for consideration for inclusion in a revised NVC. A tentative total of 95 associations known or thought to occur in the CBY ecoregion were described through this effort. Every association within CBY was also categorized into a coarser scale vegetation system or group (see below), of which 17 were initially identified. These results were reviewed by the participating ecologists and assembled into a single document for CBY natural communities.


We propose new approaches to examine the relation between alternative share restrictions and both funds' performance, and other features of European hedge funds. Using a sample of 1616 European hedge funds, our results suggest that all types of share restrictions allow European hedge fund managers to efficiently manage their assets in times of non-crisis as well as during crisis periods. Furthermore, we find that funds with stronger share restriction are associated with lower level of average asset illiquidity and the performance is an important determinant of European hedge funds' choice of share restrictions. Finally the choice of share restriction is also related to other factors such as the managers compensation structure, fund's age, dividend policy, leverage.


The ability to construct a consistent map whilst determining its pose is a prerequisite for mobile robot navigation. When operating in circuit-like trajectories (e.g. surveillance), acquiring large cyclic maps and closing these trajectories is very important. This paper presents the use of map-based a-priori knowledge for constraining the solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. This is formulated in a Bayesian framework where a probabilistic model of the traversable environment (e.g. road network map) is used to minimise the accumulated errors in robot localization during cyclic mapping. The implementation uses an adaptive Rao-Blackwellized particle filter to optimise computation. The map-based priors are generated from a road network map that describes the robot traversable areas. The principle is to bind effectively the adaptive sample-based representation of the robot estimation using the probability map whilst detecting and mapping distinct features found at the roadsides. it allows the number of samples to be reduced and the particle depletion problem that compromises the robot closing large loops minimized. Extensive experiments were conducted using a vehicle test-bed travelling at 15Km/h in a University Campus road network. These have shown that our approach enables us to build cyclic maps and thus close the cycles (trajectories) in a much better manner than other existing methods.


tracing it through. I found that although there was usually a good local fit on the few streams shown, it was not possible to get a satisfactory general fit, and consequently in areas away from the streams there was some uncertainty about the positions of boundaries. I have also noticed instances of maps which lack a graphic scale and are incorrectly stated to be so many inches to a mile ; this was the scale of the original which was reduced when the block was made, and there is no direct indication of the scale of the printed map, which has to be worked out by comparison with an ordnance map. These have all come to my notice within the past few months, although the maps themselves range over many years. In every case much, if not all, of the difficulty of using them would have disappeared had there been a national grid in existence and had it been accurately incorporated in the original map.


PURPOSE: A mobile payment method and a system using an ARS are provided to enable a user to input additional information one by one by performing payment through a user mobile terminal as receiving ARS announcement. CONSTITUTION: A payment mediation server(30) receives transaction registration information from a member shop server. The payment mediation server receives request for enabling a mobile terminal(10) to transmit a virtual ARS access number as a short message. The payment mediation server transmits the short message which is included in the virtual ARS connection number to the mobile terminal. The payment mediation server performs client authentication and transmits authentication result and payment information to an ARS server(50).


A program to design and construct hardware systems for testing coal mine air sampling instruments, to develop a reproducible coal test dust, and to investigate the characteristics of one particular personal coal mine sampler has been completed. Four aerosol test systems were constructed which provided reproducible coal dust aerosols at concentrations up to 6 mg/m/sup 3/. These units generated a coal dust environment with a uniformity and stability within +- 11 percent of a desired concentration. Concurrently, a reproducible log-normally distributed coal dust with size parameters of 3.75 +- 0.25-..mu..m mass median aerodynamic diameter and a geometric standard deviation of 2.1 +- 0.1 was developed. These size parameters were optimum for a single point cyclone calibration, based on the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) respirable dust curve. Calibration of the 10-mm nylon cyclone personal sampler with log-normally distributed coal dusts indicated that a flow rate of 1.7 l/min provided best agreement with the dust separation efficiency specified by the ACGIH curve. Dust loading studies of the same sampler indicated that long-term operation with one type of second-stage filter may result in a significant underestimate of respirable dust. Additional studies conducted in highly electrically charged coal dust clouds confirmedmore » that personal sampler performance is unaffected by this charge.« less


A method for identifying modulation schemes is a vital elemental technology of adaptive software-defined radio that switches its software in response to the environment and the application objective. The problems faced in conventional modulation scheme estimation are synchronization and robustness in a fading environment. In this paper, we address the problem of the degradation in the accuracy of modulation scheme estimation due to the presence of carrier offsets and the fluctuations in the carrier-to-noise power ratio (CNR). The former is addressed by implementing offset cancellation that uses the temporal phase difference information in one symbol. The latter is addressed by using the estimates found by a blind noise power estimation algorithm to implement modulation scheme estimation that exhibits excellent estimation accuracy even with a fluctuating CNR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 76–88, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10001


'Where was the nineteenth century?' asks Jürgen Osterhammel in his magnum opus, The transformation of the world. It was to be found, he says, in the European 'discoveries' of new lands, in the naming of the world, in the 'mental maps' of how the world's regions were imagined to be interconnected, and in the relationship between the land and the sea. In the articles that make up this special issue, we argue that the critical sites of the nineteenth century, broadly defined, were the phenomena that connected these discoveries, mental maps, world regions, and the land and the sea: ships. Ocean-crossing ships are at once obvious yet obscure candidates for the title of quintessential nineteenth-century lieux d'histoire. Their significance is obvious in the sense that they played such a fundamental role in the geopolitical transformation of the world and in its 'shrinking' or its so-called 'great acceleration'. Ships are of obvious historical importance, too, because they were always more than just material objects, especially when (again in the age of steam) their construction necessitated labour regimes and complex structures of finance that were industrial and capitalist phenomena in themselves. But their obscurity lies in the fact that, despite their centrality to the literature of 'global' or 'world' history, ships as historical


The climate of Palestine, so different from that of Egypt on the one hand and from that of more northerly regions on the other, was the fundamental cause of the peculiar character of the land, and a decisive factor in the social, moral, and religious development of Israel. It has, therefore, indirectly exercised an unmistakable influence upon the form of primitive Christianity and its characteristic ideals. Climate affects the individual and the group directly because it conditions physical and mental vigor and spiritual outlook. It affects human life indirectly, for it is a basic element in economic evolution, which, in turn, sets definite limits to cultural development and to social organization and ideals. This is not to adopt a climatic determinism. Due allowance must be made for the influence of other essential factors. But no society develops in independence of its environment. Geography conditions, though it does not determine, human activities, and, while the interplay of many "controls" produces climate, the latter is the most important of the geographic factors.' Man's cultural advance has consisted largely in achieving independence of environment. Primitive man was at the mercy of external conditions. The earliest great civilizations developed where nature was not too difficult to master. On the other hand, civilization does not seem to have originated where life was so easy as to furnish no compelling incentives to labor and where climate bred lassitude and lethargy. There-


Introduction - Work in Organizations - Management and Bureaucracy in Organizations - Rational Calculation, Professional Power and the Managerial Division of Labour - Rationalization and Institutionalization in the State and Civil Society - Organizations and Environments - Organizations in and Across Societies - Conclusion: Organizational Futures: Organizational Dilemmas


The accumulation kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus were measured for field‐contaminated and laboratory‐dosed sediment. In addition, sediment manipulations typically used for homogenization and dosing in bioaccumulation assays were compared. Rather than an asymptotic approach to steady state, both resident and dosed PAH accumulation exhibited a peak during the 14‐d assays, with steeper declines being noted for the lower‐molecular‐weight compounds. Lack of evidence of a peak for higher‐molecular‐weight PAHs may be due to slower kinetics and the short length of the assay. Relative to minimally mixed sediment, slurried sediment enhanced the accumulation of less‐soluble resident PAHs, did not affect moderately soluble PAHs, and reduced the uptake of the more‐soluble PAHs, fluorene and phenanthrene. Aging sediment after mixing reduced the availability of highly to moderately soluble resident PAHs but had no effect on less‐soluble PAHs. A similar effect was noted for dosed PAHs, though a larger reduction in bioavailability was observed. Dosed PAH uptake clearance coefficients (ks) exceeded those of minimally mixed resident PAHs by factors of 3 to 4 for pyrene and 26 for benzo[a]pyrene. These results demonstrate that sediment manipulations and contamination history need to be considered when measuring PAH bioaccumulation.


Introduction High concentrations of metals are usually encountered in surface soil and vegetation in areas affected by mining activity (Liu et al., 2006). Different distribution of elements in chemical fractions result in different bioavailability; therefore knowledge of the total content of an element in soil is not a sufficient criterion to estimate the environmental implications of trace metal presence (Maiz et al., 2000). Sequential extraction analysis gives information on the element distribution among different phases of soil. Several schemes of sequential extraction are used for the determination of commonly distinguished metal species, which are in general: (1) easily exchangeable or water soluble; (2) specifically sorbed; e.g., by carbonates or phosphates; (3) organically bound; (4) occluded by Fe-Mn oxides and hydroxides; and (5) structurally bound in minerals or residual (Kabata-Pendias and Mukherjee, 2007). The main objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the distribution pattern of elements in rocks and soils of the Miduk area; (2) to assess the fractionation of elements in soil and the mining impact on the mobility of trace elements; (3) to investigate the uptake of analyzed elements by selected indigenous plant species.


This paper is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our policy information available from the repository home page for further information. To see the final version of this paper please visit the publisher's website. Access to the published version may require a subscription. 'Assessing the functional significance of ecstasy-related memory deficits using a virtual paradigm' Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 25 (4) pp. 318-325. 1 Assessing the functional significance of ecstasy-related memory deficits using a virtual paradigm. Running head: functional significance of ecstasy-related impairment. 2 Abstract Rationale/Objectives: Previous research shows that the use of ecstasy results in working memory and executive impairments in some users. The present study sought to assess the functional significance of such deficits using a virtual reality task. Methods: Twenty-three ecstasy-polydrug users and 26 nonusers were recruited. Individuals completed a drug use questionnaire measures of sleep quality and fluid intelligence. Participants also completed a virtual reality executive function task in which they play the role of an office worker for the day completing predefined tasks such as prioritising different activities according to their importance, organising the physical office environment and managing the outgoing mail in accordance with a delivery schedule. Results: MANOVA revealed that ecstasy users performed worse on the virtual reality task overall, and this was due to poorer performance on the planning and selection subscales. Contrary to expectations, ecstasy-polydrug users performed better on the time-based prospective memory subscale. Indices of ecstasy use were correlated with the planning subscale of the virtual task. Conclusions: The present study provides further support for ecstasy/polydrug related deficits in executive functioning. As it is possible that this task is more ecologically valid and relevant to day-today activities of many users, previous research finding null results on executive function tasks may have underestimated the impact of ecstasy-polydrug use on executive functioning.


Abstract : Multitarget tracking intensity filters are closely related to imaging problems, especially PET imaging. The intensity filter is obtained by three different methods. One is a Bayesian derivation involving target prediction and information updating. The second approach is a simple, compelling, and insightful intuitive argument. The third is a straightforward application of the Shepp-Vardi algorithm. The intensity filter is developed on an augmented target state space. The PHD filter is obtained from the intensity filter by substituting assumed known target birth and measurement clutter intensities for the intensity filter's predicted target birth and clutter intensities. To accommodate heterogeneous targets and sensor measurement models, a parameterized intensity filter is developed using a marked PPP Gaussian sum model. Particle and Gaussian sum implementations of intensity filters are reviewed. Mean-shift algorithms are discussed as a way to extract target state estimates. Grenander's method of sieves is discussed for regularization of the multitarget intensity filter estimates. Sources of error in the estimated target count are discussed. Finally, the multisensor intensity filter is developed using the same PPP target models as in the single sensor filter. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous multisensor fields are discussed. Multisensor intensity filters reduce the variance of estimated target count by averaging.


An optical board comprises at least one optical board unit which comprises a light emitting surface and a base surface opposite to the light emitting surface. The light emitting surface and the base surface are respectively formed with a plurality of micro-projections. Each micro-projection comprises at least three side surfaces connected with one another. The horizontal width of each side surface of the micro-projection gradually reduces along the direction away from the base surface of the micro-projection. The fillet treatment is carried out to a vertex angle of the micro-projection of the light emitting surface, a bottom included angle formed by the adjacent micro-projections of the light emitting surface, the vertex angle of the micro-projection of the bottom and one or more bottom included angles formed by the adjacent bottom micro-projections at the optical board. The invention also provides a backlight module which adopts the optical board. The backlight module has the advantage of homogeneous light emission.


A rapid method has been developed for the determination of the sulphur content in a small amount (minimum 0.5 g) of oil using an X-ray fluorescence technique. The sample is mixed and solidified with paraffin wax, which permits presentation of the sample in the normal inverted mode as a thin film and without the need of a retaining plastic window, which is usually required for liquids. Other elements may also be determined.


Sound too good to be true? But wait. What if this same little boy never participates in class discussions, never asks a question, and never looks you straight in the eye. He avoids reading comprehension activities, prefers to be with things rather than people, plays alongside his peers but not with them, responds easily to questions requiring a factual answer (What is the capital of Ohio?) but not to those needing an interpretation of the facts or those involving a social awareness (Why are policemen necessary?).


Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) is a key deciduous species in southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests and is important for wildlife habitat, soil processes, and human values.


In the long-term operation of any real network that supplies multicast capability, the fixed routing algorithms provide solutions that are only temporarily efficient, due to the dynamic nature of the network environments. We study the problem of re-routing multicast traffic that meets the quality-of-service requirements of real-time, distributed multimedia applications. In particular, we assume that multicast communication depends on bounded delays along the paths from the source to each destination. We present a technique for modifying a multicast tree under an end-to-end delay constraint that is cost-efficient and which flexibly manages load in the network. The constrained Steiner tree improvement technique in directed graphs makes use of a strategy for providing an end-to-end delay guarantee by apportioning it locally for each link. It has been purposely designed to meet the requirements for distributed implementation in asymmetric networks.


Changes in peroxidase and cytochrome oxidase enzymes were established histochemically in hydrogen fluoride fumigated leaves of Pelargonium zonale. Highest peroxidase and cytochrome oxidase activities were localized near the injured areas of fumigated leaves, and the greatest increase was observed in the phloem region.


to our survey link. Seventy-eight percent of respondents were in private practice, whereas 22%were in academics. Fifty-seven percent (n = 52) of respondents treat, on average, at least 1MCCper year.Of those surgeonswho reported treating at least 1 MCC per year, the majority (73%, n = 38) useMMS for the treatment ofMCC. For those surgeons who reported using MMS for the treatment of MCC, 45% reported taking a final stage for permanent histopathology either "always," "almost always" (>75% of the time), or "often" (25%–75% of the time). Fifty-five percent of these same surgeons reported taking a final stage for permanent histopathology"rarely" (<25%of the time)or"never."Of these same surgeonswho reported treating at least 1MCCper year, 77% said that they refer the majority of their patients withMCC for consultation for possible sentinel lymph node biopsy. Forty-two percent of these same respondents reported referring every single patient with MCC for a consultation. The use ofMMS forMCC did not differ greatly between clinical setting (private practice vs academics) or region of the country.


[Objective] The research aimed to analyze variation rule of the precipitation series in Chengde City in recent 58 years.[Method] Mexican hat wavelet was used to analyze multi-scale characteristics of the monthly precipitation data in Chengde from 1951 to 2008.We revealed multi-time-scale complex structure of the precipitation change in Chengde,analyzed change cycles and mutation points of the precipitation series under different time scales,and identified primary period in each series.[Result] There were high/low value centers of the precipitation under interdecadal scale(more than 10 years).Under interannual scale(below 10 years),oscillation was complex and variable,but 4-year scale had obvious high-frequency oscillation.Wavelet variance analysis verified existence of the 4-year precipitation cycle,and M-K test also confirmed conclusions of the wavelet analysis.[Conclusion] We could judge from alternating wet and dry conditions that the wet year decreased significantly,and the current precipitation was still less than normal.


The invention relates to a novel multifunctional LED display screen for a portable power source. The novel multifunctional LED display screen comprises an LED display screen body, a one-key charging button, a charging inlet and a portable power source shell. The LED display screen body is provided with a remaining electric quantity display area. The one-key charging button is arranged on one side of the remaining electric quantity display area. An input and output state display area is arranged on one side of the one-key charging button. A portable power source side frame is arranged in the portable power source shell. A lighting lamp is arranged on the portable power source side frame. A lighting lamp switch is arranged on the lower side of the lighting lamp. The charging inlet is arranged on the lower side of the lighting lamp. A 1A power source output port is arranged in the lower side of the charging inlet. A 2A power source output port is arranged in the lower side of the 1A power source output port. The novel multifunctional LED display screen has the advantages that the LED display screen technology is applied to the portable power source, the display effect of the LED display screen is more clear, battery electric quantity display is more accurate, the touch control function can be achieved, and the novel multifunctional LED display screen is easy to operate and practical.


Although we live on the curved surface of the Earth, we depict both small and large regions of the Earth on flat maps via map projections. There are numerous map projections worldwide and their usage ranges from military to civilian, from simply needing to know directions from one point to another to the planning, survey, design and construction of an interstate highway. In the process of projecting the curved surface of the Earth onto flat maps, unavoidable map distortions in direction, distance, areas, and shapes are produced. Conformal map projections have been widely used in the United States to preserve the angular relationships of positions on the surface of the Earth when projected to mapping surfaces. The U.S. State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) of 1983 utilizes the Transverse Mercator, Oblique Mercator, and Lambert Conformal Conic projections. Published coordinate reference systems such as the SPCS offer a direct tie between positions of latitude and longitude with projected grid coordinates. For the everyday geospatial practitioner not involved with scientific research studies, projected grid coordinates are far more attractive to work with rather than positions of latitude and longitude, but maintaining this direct tie is of significant importance for creating a seamless workflow across geospatial industries as well as for reprojecting coordinates from one projected grid coordinate system to another.


Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was used for the determination of trace amounts of carcinogenic nitrobiphenyls, namely 2-nitrobiphenyl (2-NBP), 3-nitrobiphenyl (3-NBP) and 4-nitrobiphenyl (4-NBP) within the concentration range from 2.10-8 to 1.10-5 mol⋅L-1 for DPV and from 2.10-9 to 1.10-7 mol⋅L-1 for AdSV using a Britton-Robinson buffer – methanol (1:1) mixture with resulting pH 12 as a base electrolyte. The practical applicability of newly developed methods was verified using model samples of drinking and river water and liquid-liquid extraction for a preliminary separation and preconcentration.


Background: Our study aims to assess and compare the impact of teaching tools like chalk and talk method and power point presentation on different areas of learning in pharmacology. Methods: This cross sectional questionnaire based survey was done on 100 second prof MBBS students. The questionnaire included set of questions about different areas of learning in pharmacology and their preference of teaching tools against each question. Result: Majority of the students preferred chalk and talk method as the most interesting, interactive and concept building teaching tool in pharmacology. For learning various parts of a chapter, students preferred both chalk and talk method and power point presentation. Conclusion: Chalk and talk method emerged as the most efficient and powerful learning tool in pharmacology in our study. Power point presentation should be used as an add on and not as a substitute of chalk and talk method. KeywordsPower point presentation, chalk and talk method ,teaching tools Introduction Pharmacology is a dynamic and ever expanding branch of medical science which deals with study of all aspects related to drugs. The purpose of teaching pharmacology is to enable the medical students to have a clear basic concepts about drugs so that they can rationally use their knowledge in patient care 1 . There is a constant need to improve teaching methods and skills to empower students with the basic knowledge of drug aspects. There are various teaching methods which can be employed to facilitate learning in pharmacology. One is a contemporary chalk and talk method and another one is through use of audio-visual aids. Audiovisual aids provide multi-sensory experience 2 which tends to stimulate and reinforce learning. The knowledge of the teacher alone is not enough, the correct presentation of the lecture is very important for the students to understand the topic. Chalk and talk method and power point presentation are commonly used in teaching 3 . Power point is an advanced teaching tool which allows the teacher to present their topic in a more dynamic way by equipping it with different types of colourful media like images, animations etc. www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 71.58 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i1.184


On the basis of system analysis, the article introduced the overall structure and implementation method of campus energy consumption monitoring and management system by detail, made interception of system images during actual monitoring operation, offered the main procedure code of some functions of the system data visualization module. Practice showed that the system could not only provide a reference for managers to fully grasp the status of campus energy consumption, but also provide convenience for users to inquire about energy usage.


The positional and spectral information in LiDAR and photogrammetric data are optimal for providing a complete description of 3D environments. However, the synergistic attributes of the LiDAR and photogrammetric data can be only achieved after their proper registration to a common reference frame. This paper presents alternative methodologies for utilizing LiDAR-derived features for geo-referencing the photogrammetric data relative to the LiDAR reference frame. Since the LiDAR footprints are irregularly distributed, no point-to-point correspondence can be assumed between the photogrammetric and LiDAR data. In other words, it is almost impossible to identify distinct conjugate points in overlapping photogrammetric and LiDAR data. Consequently, LiDAR linear and areal features will be used as control information for the geo-referencing of the photogrammetric data. The paper will present three alternative methodologies to solve this task. The first approach outlines constraints that can be added to current bundle adjustment procedures to incorporate LiDAR linear and areal features. The second approach utilizes existing point-based bundle adjustment procedures for the incorporation of linear and areal features after manipulating the variance-covariance matrices associated with the points representing these features. Finally, the third approach will be based on weight restrictions imposed on the points representing the linear and areal features. After the introduction of the proposed methodologies, the paper will proceed by discussing experimental results from overlapping LiDAR and photogrammetric data captured over the University of Calgary campus through a root mean square error analysis using independently collected check points. INTRODUCTION Considering the characteristics of acquired spectral and spatial data from imaging and LiDAR systems, one can argue that their integration will be beneficial for accurate and complete description of the object space. It is evident that the disadvantages of one system can be compensated for by the advantages of the other system (Baltsavias, 1999; Satale and Kulkarni, 2003). However, the synergic characteristics of both systems can be fully utilized only after ensuring that both datasets are geo-referenced relative to the same reference frame (Habib and Schenk, 1999). Traditionally, photogrammetric geo-referencing is either indirectly established with the help of ground control points (GCP) or directly defined using GPS/INS units on board the imaging platform (Cramer et al, 2000). On the other hand, LiDAR geo-referencing is directly established through the GPS/INS components of a LiDAR system. In this regard, this paper presents alternative methodologies for utilizing LiDAR features as a source of control for photogrammetric geo-referencing. There are various techniques dealing with linear and areal features in photogrammetry (Habib et al, 2007). Three approaches are presented in this research. The first one outlines a constraint that should be added to the current bundle adjustment procedures, while the second and third ones utilize the existing point-based bundle adjustment procedures for the incorporation of linear and areal features. The second approach manipulates the variance-covariance matrices associated with the points representing image and/or object space linear features, and the third one manipulates the weight matrices. The paper introduces explanation of the LiDAR data extraction and the different approaches for both linear and areal features in the following sections. Section 2 shows the procedure of extracting linear and areal features from LiDAR data. Section 3 discusses the incorporation of linear features. The coplanarity-based incorporation of linear features is discussed in sub-section 3.1. Sub-section 3.2 explains the point-based incorporation of linear features. The error ellipse expansion and the weight restriction methodologies are discussed in sub-sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 respectively. An illustration of the applications of the point-based approaches for linear features is shown in subsection 3.2.3. Afterwards, the incorporation of areal features is illustrated in section 4. The coplanarity-based incorporation of planar patches is shown in sub-section 4.1. Sub-section 4.2 outlines the point-based approaches for ASPRS 2008 Annual Conference Portland, Oregon April 28 May 2, 2008 incorporation of planar patches. The error ellipse expansion and the weight restriction approaches for planar patches are illustrated in sub-sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 respectively. In addition, experimental results and analysis are discussed in section 5. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations for future work are summarized in section 6. EXTRACTION OF LINEAR AND AREAL FEATURES FROM LIDAR DATA This section summarizes the extraction process of linear and areal features from irregular LiDAR footprints (Kersting et al, 2008). The process starts by displaying the LiDAR intensity images where the operator selects an area where areal and linear features might be present. The user clicks on the centre of the area after defining the radius of a circle, within which the original LiDAR footprints will be extracted. It should be noted that the LiDAR intensity images are only used for visualization purposes. Figure 1.a shows the specified area as well as the original LiDAR footprints in that area. Then a segmentation technique (Kim et al, 2007) is used to identify planar patches in the point cloud within the selected area. Segmentation procedure is simultaneously run on the point cloud for all the overlapping strips. The outcome from the segmentation is an aggregated set of points representing planar patches in the selected area (Figure 1.b). For linear feature extraction, neighboring planar patches are identified and intersected to produce straight-line segments (Figure 1.c). This procedure is repeated until we extract all the LiDAR linear and areal features. Having these features extracted from the LiDAR data, the focus will be shifted towards the incorporation of these features in photogrammetric geo-referencing as will be described in the following sections. (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. Area of interest selection and LiDAR point cloud extraction (a), segmented planar patches (b), and extracted linear features in the area of interest (c). INCORPORATION OF LINEAR FEATURES FOR IMAGE GEO-REFERENCING This section presents the approaches used for incorporating linear features extracted from LiDAR for the Georeferencing of photogrammetric data. The first approach is the coplanarity-based incorporation of linear features, while the second one is the point-based incorporation of linear features, where we can either expand the error ellipse or restrict the weight matrix. The mathematical models for the used approaches are provided in details in the following sub-sections. COPLANARITY-BASED INCORPORATION OF LINEAR FEATURES The coplanarity-based incorporation of linear features was presented by Habib et al, 2004. This technique defines a line in object space by its two end points. These two points are extracted from the LiDAR data using the procedure mentioned in section 2. On the other hand, the line is defined in image space by a group of intermediate ASPRS 2008 Annual Conference Portland, Oregon April 28 May 2, 2008 points. Each of the intermediate points satisfies the coplanarity constraint equation in the following form: ( ) 0 3 2 1 = • × V V V (1)


ABSTRACT We outline four connections between xenophobia and punitiveness toward criminals in a national sample of Americans. First, among self-identified whites xenophobia is more predictive of punitiveness than specific forms of racial animus. Second, xenophobia and punitiveness are strongly connected among whites, but are only moderately and weakly related among black and Hispanic Americans, respectively. Third, among whites substantial proportions of the variance between sociodemographic, political, and religious predictors of punitiveness are mediated by levels of xenophobia. Finally, xenophobia is the strongest overall predictor of punitiveness among whites. Overall, xenophobia is an essential aspect of understanding public punitiveness, particularly among whites.


According to the operation principle of EMF in the condition of low frequency rectangutar wave form, the problem of how to find the relationship between the flow rate and signal magnitude is studied. This paper presents a case study how to increase the signal processing of EMF. Suggest a new method - 'the mean of base wave', by test, proved that the new signal processing method has better performance with anti - inference ability and quicker dynamical response, surveying precision: 0.25%


How many of us actually know what we are eating? Our relationship with food is one of consumption. We see food, we eat food. Our current food life cycle model delivers meals directly to our plates with little or no oversight. Food has become an autonomous product; its connections and relationship to the land and people are hidden, many times intentionally. Education is key to successfully addressing all the problems that our current food / farm model is producing. While much can be learned from textbooks. A physical connection to the land, people and animals that provide our meals is more mutually beneficial. There is reciprocity between one's actions and their effects that simply cannot be achieved by only reading or watching. Complete immersion makes connections more immediate and relatable at a human scale. The design strategy focuses on animal behavior and needs. The land is manipulated to the benefit of the animals with the intention of developing a system that allows for appropriate and sustainable use of the land while providing adequate control by animal handlers. Cow-Op is a school where students come to learn and build physical bonds with the land and animals that feed them. The school will be designed as a dormitory cooperative where student live and share the responsibilities of caring for themselves and those they live with, including the animals that live alongside. Programs will focus around the full life cycle of livestock and how they contribute to our various needs. From basic living and feeding needs to producing and harvesting. The school will also take the food stuffs and bring them to market to understand how the global economy functions and its relations. There will also be culinary and manufacturing facilities to bridge the role of raw goods with their final consumables. THESIS SUPERVISOR: RAFI SEGAL


Bartels‐Velthuis AA, Blijd‐Hoogewys EMA, van Os J. Better theory‐of‐mind skills in children hearing voices mitigate the risk of secondary delusion formation.


PURPOSE: A device for displaying a watermark on a screen and a method thereof are provided to display a watermark on the screen, thereby enabling a user to recognize significance of contents. CONSTITUTION: When an application is executed, or a document is opened by an operation of a user, a monitoring unit(110) monitors a message generated in an operation system. A watermark display determination unit(130) determines whether or not a watermark is displayed based on the message and a screen watermark display policy. When the watermark is displayed, a watermark display unit(150) displays the watermark on the screen. [Reference numerals] (110) Monitoring unit; (130) Watermark display determination unit; (150) Watermark display unit; (200) Communication network; (300) Manager terminal;


The experiment was carried out to assess the suitability of different mulch materials in enhancing the growth and fruit yield of okro. Ten okro genotypes were evaluated in a split plot design with 3 replications. Three treatments of mulch (black plastic, grass, and no mulch) represented the main plots with the genotypes as the subplots. The result indicated significant genotypic variability among the genotypes for all parameters except plant girth. However, genotype and mulch interaction was not significant. The genotype Sasilon had the tallest plants (82.6 cm) and the highest fruit yield under all mulch conditions while Koni had the widest fruits (34.1 mm) with TZ SMN 10-3 having the longest fruits (16.11 cm). Number of fruits per plant ranged from 30 to 11 with an average of 21. Mulching significantly influenced all parameters except fruit width and mean fruit weight. Plastic mulched plots had the greatest heights while no mulching had the least. The highest average yield was obtained under plastic mulch (3.49 t/ha) which was 4.2% higher than grass (3.34 t/ha) and 11% higher than no mulch (3.11 t/ha). The study has shown that mulching with black plastic or grass ensures vigorous growth and improves the fruit yield of okro.


The purpose of this study is to determine toy preference of pre-school-age children as a guide for parents and for homemaking students in the selection of toys.


A comparative study of Z-Source topologies are compared with each other and presented in this paper. Z-source has buck-boost ability and uses shoot through state which buckboost the output of the inverter and also increase the reliability of the converter and extend its application in power generation technologies. To overcome the drawback of ZSource there are many modifications done in structure and are presented in this paper. The Sine PWM technique is use as a control technique for the inverter. The selection of high modulation index can reduce the inverter's dc link voltage overshoot and increasing power delivery capacity of the inverter. This paper presents the boost output capability of modifying topology of z-source and shows the buck-boost operation of Zsource topologies with the change in modulation index and compares them with each other. These comparisons are made with the help of MATLAB-Simulink and are presented with simulation results.


The imaging apparatus 200 includes a aberration control optical system 210 and imaging device 220 having the aberration control function of generating an aberration intentionally, the image processing apparatus 240 for forming the first order image to a high definition final image. Aberration control optical system 210A includes an aberration control element having an aberration control function of generating an aberration intentionally, or by using an aberration control optical system containing the aberration control surface having an aberration control function 2 pixels or more PSF as span, it is formed as a depth extension optical system MTF characteristics with respect to defocus in primary image plane shift region not false resolution at a predetermined frequency has two or more peaks. It is found, it can simplify the optical system, that the cost can be reduced as well, even without performing the image restoration processing can be depth extension, to obtain a small good images influence of appropriate quality of the noise it is possible.


A series of centrifuge model loading tests on dense sand overlying soft clay was carried out to investigate its bearing capacity and associated deformation including the failure mechanism. The effects of the thickness of sand, the strength of underlying clay and the width, shape and embedment of footings on the bearing behavior of the sand were studied. It was found that the bearing capacity increases with increasing sand thickness-footing width ratio until it reaches that of uniform sand, which can be considered as the upper limit of the bearing capacity of the layered soil. The bearing capacity also increases linearly with both the strength of the clay and the overburden pressure at the footing base. For cases with bearing capacity smaller than that for uniform sand, punching shear takes place, where a truncated cone shaped sand block between the footing base and the clay surface penetrates into the clay. The side angle of the sand block to the vertical increases with increasing sand thickness-footing width ratio and overburden pressure, and decreasing clay strength. It was confirmed that this variation of the angle should be taken into account in the bearing capacity calculation.


Detailed descriptions are given of the sporulated oocysts and sporozoites of the following species of coccidia from cattle: Eimeria bovis (Ziiblin, 1908) Fiebiger, 1912; E. auburnensis Christensen and Porter, 1939; E. ellipsoidalis Becker and Frye, 1929; and E. zurnii (Rivolta, 1878) Martin, 1909. Eleven or more species of coccidia of the genus Eimeria are currently recognized as occurring in bovine animals. Difficulty is often encountered in the identification of many of these species, partly because complete descriptions of their sporulated oocysts are lacking. Detailed descriptions of sporulated oocysts and sporozoites of four commonly encountered species of bovine coccidia are presented to augment the descriptions and illustrations reported by others (Becker and Frye, 1929; Becker, 1934; Christensen and Porter, 1939; Christensen, 1941; Hammond et al., 1946; and Davis and Bowman, 1952). The four species are Eimeria bovis (Ziiblin, 1908) Fiebiger, 1912; E. auburnensis Christensen and Porter, 1939; E. ellipsoidalis Becker and Frye, 1929; and E. zurnii (Rivolta, 1878) Martin, 1909. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oocysts of Eimeria bovis, E. auburnensis, E. ellipsoidalis, and E. zurnii were obtained from fecal samples collected from experimentally infected calves. Each sample was strained through a series of sieves, concentrated by repeated sedimentation, and the final sediment suspended in 2.5% potassium dichromate. Sporulation was induced by constant stirring of the mixture with a rotary mixer for several days. Before they were used, the oocysts were freed from potassium dichromate by repeated washing and centrifugation. The oocysts were then concentrated and freed from debris, using a modification of the differential sugar gradient described by Sharma et al. (1963). Our modified gradient was prepared by putting successively decreasing concentrations of sugar solutions into 50-ml centrifuge tubes as follows: 10.0 ml of saturated sugar solution; 8 ml of two parts water, five parts saturated sugar solution; 10 ml of one part water, Received for publication 5 February 1965. * Supported in part by research grant GB-785 from the National Science Foundation. Published as Journal Paper No. 444 Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. one part saturated sugar solution; 6 ml of two parts water, one part saturated sugar solution; 8 ml of water; and 6 to 8 ml of oocyst suspension added at the top. The tubes were centrifuged at 800 g for 5 min, after which time a layering of the oocyst suspension had occurred. The layering pattern, from the top of the tube to the bottom was: (1) clean layer, (2) cloudy layer, and (3) two dark opaque layers (containing most of the debris). Layers 1 and 2, containing most of the oocysts, were pipetted ff, and washed free of sugar by centrifugation. Measurements of 50 oocysts and sporocysts of each species were made from wet-mount preparations of the concentrated, sporulated oocysts. For drawings, preparations were used in which the oocysts were flattened under the pressure of a cover slip, sealed along its edges with vaseline. Free sporozoites were obtained by using the method of in vitro excystation described by Nyberg and Hammond (1964); oocysts pretreated with CO2 were incubated in bile-enzyme mixtures. The length, and the width at a point 3 ,u from the anterior end, of at least 10 free sporozoites of each species were measured. Measurements were also made at the widest point near the posterior end. A Zeiss microscope equipped with apochromatic objectiv s was used in determining the color of the oocysts. Illustrations were drawn to scale using both bright-field and phase-contrast microscopy.


The paper studies the magnetizing magnetic field, the radial and axial forces of a linear electric generator used to convert the marine wave's energy. The study takes into account different sizes for the permanent magnets and the relative position of the moving armature over the stator and shows when the magnetizing flux is maxim. For different positions of the moving armature the radial and axial forces are computed. The magnetic field and the forces are computed on finite element method basis using FEMM.


* Abstract: Two pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of National Research Center. Dokki, Egypt during 2008 and 2009 seasons in order to investigate the effect of different soil moisture levels (75, 55 and 35% depletion of the available soil water) and yeast application (at rate of 8 g/L) by different ways (as a foliar, soil and foliar plus soil treatments) on growth, yield and seed quality of Lupinus termis. The results indicated that the highest growth parameters and RWC % observed when plants grown under the highest soil moisture level W3 and treated with yeast by foliar plus soil treatment followed by foliar treatment where the difference between the two treatments was insignificant. The number of seeds /plant, number of pods/plant and 100-seeds weight were decreased by increasing drought stress so as reached their maximum decease under the most stressed level W1, treated plants with yeast by different ways resulting in an increase in yield and yield attributes of lupinus plants. Also, both chla and chlb showed progressive increase by increasing soil moisture levels from W1 to W3, yeast application by different ways showed also progressive increase in chla and chlb. In addition, applied the highest level of soil moisture W3 combined with foliar application with yeast gave the highest significant values of nitrogen and protein percentages. Moreover, decreasing soil moisture levels caused significant increase in proline and alkaloids contents, treated plants with yeast by different ways induced significant decrease of proline and alkaloids content under different soil moisture levels. Furthermore, the highest records for carbohydrates percentage appeared in plants sprayed with yeast and grown under the highest soil moisture level W3. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):141-153). (ISSN: 1545-1003).


The liquid crystal display device and a method for producing dispersion-type polymer is disclosed. Polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device is disclosed between the substrates arranged to face each other containing a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer having two or more areas that the concentration of polymer different from each other.