In this article a variation of fuzzy Petri net (FPN) model is proposed to accommodate for the possibility of mapping fuzzy production rule (FPR) having different threshold values in their propositions into FPN. the purpose of assigning a different threshold value for each proposition in the FPR and of using the rule checking and evaluation method proposed here is to prevent misfiring of the rule, which can result with other methods; the purpose of having variation of FPN model is to capture and represent more information of FPR in the FPN model. the rule checking and evaluation method is an enhancement of the approach proposed by Yeung (D. S. Yeung et al., Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on System Research Informatics and Cybernetics, Germany, 1992). As mentioned by the authors, the degree of subsethood between two vectors is the basis of the method. the subsethood method will first be used to make certain that each input value for the proposition in the antecedent is greater than or equal to its corresponding threshold value. When such condition holds, the subsethood method is used to infer the degree of truth of the consequent of the rule. an enhanced fuzzy reasoning algorithm is included. Comparison of this method with other methods is presented. Future research work in determining acceptable threshold values and certainty factors is addressed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Abstract Ten years of hourly data on radiation, cloud and temperature collected at Resolute, Canada (75°N) show that with respect to clear skies: (i) clouds of all types, heights and extents heat the surface when it is snow-covered; (ii) low clouds certainly cool and high clouds probably warm the surface when it is snow-free; (iii) the transition to scattered then broken then complete cloud cover is accompanied, at least over snow-covered surfaces, by mostly monotonic changes in most radiation-balance quantities, including net radiation; (iv) cirriform overcasts alter the surface radiation climate by relatively strong greenhouse heating offset by relatively modest attenuation of solar radiation, and our empirical results help to substantiate recent model calculations of the cirrus greenhouse effect. There appears to be no difference in the albedo of bare ground between clear-sky and cirriform overcast conditions, but under stratiform overcasts the albedo of bare ground is on average ∼3% below the value fo...


ABSTRACT This article discusses the public reactions to a billboard with the message: 'I love Jesus because Jesus is Moslem'. A radical Islamic group placed the billboard in the Indonesian town of Cilacap in 2018 with the goal of discouraging Muslims from attending events celebrating Christmas and New Year. We place the inter-religious debates resulting from the billboard incident within the larger context of Muslim opinions on the figure of Jesus in Islam and Christianity. We furthermore ask how the Indonesian state negotiates Muslim–Christian interreligious dialogues and how its intervention influences the opinions of individual religious and community leaders. Our main conclusion is that, in spite of the fact that deeper engagement between the two communities could yield stronger forms of cooperation or reconciliation when incidents of interreligious strife occur, all involved prefer to avoid it. Instead, they aim to maintain an equilibrium that represents the status quo. Most Muslim and Christian leaders, for various reasons, remain averse to engaging in deeper conversations, especially when it concerns the role of Jesus in their respective religions.


This guide covers student academic dishonesty with a focus on plagiarism including detection and strategies for prevention. Online classes receive detailed discussion.


Milk oligosaccharides have long been shown to have a prebiotic function in the human lower intestine by promoting growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, giving a range of health benefits including resistance to infection, prevention of cancer, immune system stimulation, and increased B-vitamin synthesis. Bovine milk contains a very low oligosaccharide component (around 0.08 gL-1) compared with human breast milk (up to 10 gL-1 ). The high volume of dairy product manufacture raises the possibility of their isolation from factory waste streams and use in infant formula or other functional food. This review paper examines the different methods available for oligosaccharide extraction from dairy process streams. The benefits and drawbacks of each method are discussed. Technologies evaluated include nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, cation and anion exchange, simulated moving bed chromatography, and electrodialysis.


OBJECTIVE To explore a new method for environmental disinfection for blood donation through the analysis of the effectiveness of thin air purifying screen in the sterilization of the environment of blood donation so as to improve the efficacy of sterilization.METHODS The effects of the air purifying screen on the sterilization of blood cell collection chamber were randomly monitored,the total bacterial colony counts of the air and the sterilizing rate were calculated.RESULTS With the use of air purifying screen for 30 minutes,the sterilization rate reached to 39.6% in the platelet collection room and 100.0% in the storage room.With 9 hours after the disinfection,the total bacterial colonies counts in the air reached to 136.6 ± 87.6CFU/ m3 in the platelet collection room,80.8% of which met the class Ⅱ environmental requirements and 3.8% of which met the class Ⅰ environmental requirements,moreover,the total bacterial colony counts in the air reached 55.5 ± 95.3 CFU/ m3 in the platelet storage room,70.6% of which met the class Ⅰ environmental requirements,and 29.4% of which met the class Ⅱ environmental requirements.The results of dynamic monitoring for 43 times showed that 100.0% of those met the class Ⅲ environmental requirements and 91.0% met the class Ⅱ environmental requirements.And under normal working conditions(less than 20 people in the collection chamber),there was no significant upward trend for the bacterial colony counts in the air as time prolonged.CONCLUSION With the use of air purifying screen for sterilization of blood cell collection chamber,it can not only prevent the bacterial infections of the platelets but also to provide a comfortable donation environment for donors owing to its good mute effect without leakage of ozone,thus,it should be widely promoted in the blood collection vehicle and the blood donation room.


The invention discloses a top rotating aerial work bench, which comprises a right trapezoid bench body, wherein the top of the right trapezoid bench body is rotatably connected whit a long hook; and the right-angle bottom side of the right trapezoid bench body is provided with a prolonged bottom plate. When the top rotating aerial work bench works, the hook is hung to a cross arm, a maintenance operator stands in the bench, the work place is large, and the operator stands steadily; and when the operating angle is needed to be regulated, a rope passes through a suspension ring under the rope for swing or the operator applies force to complete the regulation of the operating angle, and the operator can reach a maintenance object without bending sideways, so that the safety of aerial work isimproved, high-quality and comfortable work can be carried out, the process level and work efficiency are greatly improved, and working time before the operator is fatigue is prolonged.


DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2018/11-2/14 ABSTRACT. This research attempts to answer which is the most recommended structural equation model (SEM) technique while evaluating healthcare services' quality in Cartagena de Indias city (Colombia). CB-SEM and PLSSEM techniques were used in this paper for comparing the results in the local context. For assessment, robust weighted least squares with mean and variance adjustments (WLS) for CB-SEM technique and PLSSEM with centroid scheme were utilized. Data were collected with a final valid sample of 582 adults aged over 18 years, residents of Cartagena city. Also used was a questionnaire designed in three parts: demographic profiles, quality perceptions (overall quality services, infrastructure, coverage, and access), and satisfaction levels. In terms of quality, the findings reveal that infrastructure and access have a significant effect on service quality levels and this variable has a strong effect on satisfaction for both techniques. In term of structural equation model (SEM) techniques, the results indicate that coverage does not present a significant effect on service quality only in CB-SEM technique. In this case, the positive association between coverage and overall services quality was rejected. Both techniques were validated with different results, concluding the applicability of CB-SEM and PLS-SEM in this context.


When we study Marxist Technique philosophy, we should study the background which Marx lived in,and so we maybe dig out the "REAL" Marxist Technique philosophy Marx circumscribed technique as activity method and production mode and so on. Technique stood at the basic or kernel situation in the Marx philosophy: Technology was the determinant of the evolvement of the relation of human and nature,and the determinant of what is man, and the determinant of advancement of productivity, and the determinant of transform the epoch of economy.


This paper considers the attitude determination problem based on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and fifth-generation (5G) measurement fusion to address the shortcomings of standalone GNSS and 5G techniques in deep urban regions. The tight fusion of the GNSS and the 5G observations results in a unique hybrid integer- and orthonormality-constrained optimization problem. To solve this problem, we propose an estimation method consisting of the steps of float solution computation, ambiguity resolution, and fixed solution computation. Numerical results reveal that the proposed method can effectively improve the attitude determination accuracy and reliability compared to either the pure GNSS solution or the pure 5G solution.


We report a method to establish experimental conditions for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy in order to avoid thermal damage on heat-sensitive materials by monitoring thermal desorption of thiolate molecules from a metal surface. Thiolate molecules adsorbed on gold desorb at 60–100 °C, which corresponds to the denaturation or degradation temperature of heat-sensitive materials (e.g. DNA, proteins, polymers, and lipid membranes). By observing the change in Raman signal from the thiolates on SERS substrate, it is possible to estimate the maximum power of excitation laser required for the samples to reach their critical temperatures for thermal degradation.


The novel image measurement and analysis with computed digital tomography have been developed for the polymer morphology of solid conveying,which is based on the relation of polymer free volume and the stress and strain.The experimental result indicates that the method can not only measure thd dynamic deformation and morphology of extrusion polymer in the way of non-open,non-destroy and on-line,but also deduce the relationship between the mechanical properties and polymer morphology in solid conveying.


This paper argues that the categorical status of relative clauses as DPs is related to the D/f-features of Greek C ( pu ). Kayne's (1994) external determiner and associated NP-raising hypothesis are thus dispensed with. The consequences of this approach are discussed in relation to resumption in restrictive and free relative clauses.


A skeletal chemical kinetic model for the simulation of auto-ignition and flame propagation characteristics of primary reference fuel (PRF) was developed. Coupled with this model, 3D simulations were applied to investigate the influence of lubricant oil droplets on pre-ignition in a turbocharged direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine at low-speed high-load operating conditions. First, a simulation study on the influence of a lubricant oil droplet on auto-ignition of gasoline substitute and air mixture was performed in a constant-volume chamber. The results revealed that with an increase of the lubricant oil droplet diameter, the ignition delay time for the air/fuel mixture initially decreased and then increased. The ignition delay time was further shortened with the increase of the temperature of the lubricant oil droplet and the temperature and pressure of the mixture. Moreover, it was found that when n-heptane (n-C7H16) was used as a substitute for the direct evaporation product of the lubricant oil droplet, the shortening of the ignition delay time for the air/fuel mixture caused by lubricant oil evaporation was not enough to initiate pre-ignition. When octyl hydrogen peroxide ketone (C8KET) was chosen as a representative of the accumulated stable reactive radicals, the ignition delay time was significantly shortened and was short enough to trigger pre-ignition. Therefore, pre-ignition may not be induced by the direct evaporation product of an lubricant oil droplet but by the accumulated stable reactive radicals. A simulation study on auto-ignition and flame propagation of the air/fuel mixture with the presence of a lubricant oil droplet was then conducted in a turbocharged DISI engine. The results successfully predicted the auto-ignition of the air/fuel mixture near the lubricant oil droplet before the spark ignition timing. Finally, a more convincing mechanism for pre-ignition induced by lubricant oil droplets is proposed to provide some clues for further investigation.


For economic reasons, many large spillways discharge into unlined rock channels or into the river bed directly. The acceptability of such designs is based on engineering assessment that the unlined channel is sited in rock judged to be sufficiently resistant to erosion at least for high frequency floods. It is accepted that under larger low frequency floods there may be some erosion and damage to these unlined channels, but the damage must be limited and must not endanger the structural integrity of the dam. However, in recent years in Australia there have been some unlined spillways which have experienced significantly greater erosion than was initially anticipated and have required substantial remedial works costing tens of millions of dollars. Many of the methods currently used to assess rock erosion on steep slopes are developed based on limited experimental data and involve significant level of uncertainly [Annandale, 1995, 2006]. There has also been recent development of process models that incorporate fluid-rock matrix mechanical coupling effects [e.g. for plunge pools, Bollaert, 2004]. It is well established that aeration significantly changes the drag characteristics of supercritical flow on steep concretelined spillways [Wood, 1991; Chanson, 2004]. The purpose of this present contribution is to evaluate the potential significance of aeration in determining drag levels, and therefore influencing rock detachment processes on unlined spillways. This has been undertaken using conceptual characterisations of aeration have been developed across hydraulic engineering. Specifically, we summarise present understanding of the inception, behaviour and implications of aerated flow down steep, rock-lined slopes and the consequences for scour protection design. We also critically review numerical techniques presently being developed and applied to this problem. The most significant aspect of this contribution is a successful reconciliation of recent conceptual microphysical characterisations of aerated flow with conventional engineering approaches based on dimensional analysis of large-scale test data. Further work will be directed at reconciling recently-developed mechanical coupling approaches for unlined spillways with analyses for aerated flow over placed rock in steep channels.


Table 1. The various service delivery areas of The Gambia's refractive error programme (within the existing national eye care programme)


Based on EMC, in DRFM system, design techniques of high speed and high accuracy ADCs with interference-free ability and low noise are described in this paper. After EMI model has been found, ideal performances can be achieved by analyzing interference factors, restraining interference sources and cutting off interference paths with corresponding steps. Important parameters, such as IBW, output SNR, frequency reproduction precision and MTBF, etc., can meet the needs of engineering design.


Recent empirical and theoretical work shows that intraspecific trait variation (ITV) is prevalent and ecologically important, and should thus be taken into account in ecological models. What is lacking, however, is a comprehensive understanding of the joint effects of ITV in two interacting species (two-dimensional ITV). Here we address this gap for the cases where interspecific individual-by-individual interactions are affected by the trait values of both participants. Using nonlinear averaging in two dimensions, we show for several interaction functions how ITV affects average predation rates or competition coefficients. We develop an intuition for the direction and magnitude of this effect by using a Taylor approximation based on the local curvatures of the interaction function, the trait means, and the trait variances and covariances. We then incorporate the estimated average interaction parameters into simple competition and predator-prey models to derive the expected population-dynamic consequences. We show that two-dimensional ITV can have quantitative effects on abundances, as well as qualitative effects, such as stabilizing or destabilizing coexistence. Our approach can straightforwardly be applied to other interaction functions and dynamical systems and thus provides a valuable tool for understanding the joint effect of trait variation in two interacting species.


In the last decade we have seen tremendous increases in computer and network speeds and performance, resulting in the emergence of wide-area distributed computing. However, its potential has not been realized, primarily due to lack of security and isolation, provisioning issues and challenges involved in developing distributed applications.
We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a virtual distributed execution environment consisting of operating system level virtual machines connected by virtual networks. Such environments make possible low-level, application-, developer-, and user-independent adaptation mechanisms such as virtual machine migration, overlay topology configuration and routing, network and CPU reservations. This dissertation argues that automatic, run-time and dynamic adaptation in these environments is the key to addressing issues in traditional distributed computing. In particular, it presents the answer to the question, is there a single adaptation scheme that exploits these mechanisms and is effective for a range of distributed applications.
I formalized the adaptation problem and characterized its complexity and hardness of approximation. We found the problem to be NP-hard and hard to approximate. In response to these results, I designed and implemented fifteen variations of greedy adaptation schemes that heuristically attempt to optimize objective functions. I designed these adaptation schemes using insights gained while studying three classes of distributed applications and evaluated them in the context of a different set of seven application classes. I found that a single adaptation scheme that does a variation of load balancing to determine migration of virtual machines and attempts to optimize a function that is a combination of latency and bandwidth for pairs of communicating virtual machines to be effective for 70% of application classes studied. I present two taxonomies for distributed applications based on their resource demands and their suitability to automatic adaptation driven by my suggested adaptation scheme.
This work fills an important gap in distributed systems research by providing an automatic, run-time and dynamic adaptation scheme that leverages the powerful paradigm of virtualization and is effective for a range of unmodified distributed applications running on unmodified operating systems without requiring any developer interaction.


The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) must be buttressed by an explicit and systematic commitment to equity in order to ensure that poor, marginalized and vulnerable groups are given opportunities for health and access to health services. This analysis seeks to 'set the stage' for equitysensitive monitoring of the health-related MDGs using data from the broad-scale, international household-level surveys (i.e., the Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) to demonstrate that establishing an equity baseline is necessary and feasible, even in low-income, datapoor countries. We examine six countries using 20 health indicators and 6 social strata to ground our recommendations in current data. Use of singly stratified tables shows effects of single stratifiers on different population groups. We also utilize simultaneously stratified tables to expose unexpected outcomes that occur when two stratifiers are used simultaneously. We found that inequities are complex and interactive: one cannot draw inferences about the nature or extent of inequities in the health outcomes from a single indicator. We further conclude that assessing health equity across dimensions rather than simply one of them is an important element of monitoring the effectiveness of health policies and Poverty Reductions Strategies guided by the MDGs. Recommendations for implementation are made. p. 1 I. Rationale Increasing international attention to equity has led to recognition that, while overall health indicators are improving in many countries, gaps between population groups are increasing or remaining stagnant. This general statement obscures a very complex reality on the ground. Inequities may be narrowing for some health indicators and widening for others, and likewise, inequities between social groups may vary widely depending upon the health indicator. Further, inequities are interactive—with overlapping forms of disadvantage often conferring higher health risk. We argue that a complete and country-specific analysis of inequities in health is an essential baseline for tracking policy changes and their effect on development indicators. We believe an explicit and systematic commitment to equity is needed to ensure that poor, marginalized and vulnerable groups are given opportunities for health and access to health services (Freedman et al. 2004, Gwatkin et al.2002, 2003). Monitoring equity implies an ongoing assessment of how different groups in society are faring in absolute terms, and how they fare relative to one another (Braveman 2003). Population averages are insufficient for monitoring the health MDGs. In order to measure progress in reducing the extent of health inequalities, countries must have a clear baseline for their own health MDGs, based upon unique country circumstances and socio-cultural dynamics. This paper is an effort to move beyond the very important stages of 'setting the values base' for a focus on equity and 'sounding the alarm' about growing gaps in health, to putting in place the requirements for assessing progress toward achieving greater equity. We use widely available data from recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) to demonstrate that establishing an equity baseline is necessary and feasible, even in very low-income, data-poor countries. For many countries lacking vital registration systems, monitoring of the MDGs will rely—at least in the short-term—upon these population-based surveys. We examine six countries—Cambodia, Ethiopia, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kenya, and Tajikistan—using 20 health indicators and 6 social strata to ground our recommendations in current data. This approach is generalizable to the vast majority of resource-poor countries, which have at least one such population-based household survey containing information on health and on important social characteristics. Information and data are essential in the effort to reach the MDGs and arguably, nowhere are data as critical as in the realm of counting who lives, who dies, who is healthy and who is sick (Stansfield and Evans 2003). Information systems must be upgraded to keep pace and measure progress. Of particular concern, is the ability of countries to effectively gather their own health information and monitor health status and health system outcomes within their boundaries. 1 As the largest worldwide survey programs, MICS and DHS help us illustrate our points—but note that other data sources including censuses, vital registration, qualitative studies, health facility information and surveys of refugees also must be used in order to fully describe the extent and nature of inequalities in a given country and to chart and monitor a path forward. p. 2 This paper is based around the following four arguments and assumptions: The MDG targets should be framed in equity-sensitive terms; equity is not simply a matter of poor versus rich—the full complexity of social disadvantage must be considered; it is feasible to measure inequalities in health based upon current data; yet we also need to build basic health information systems as an essential part of strengthening health systems and donors must commit to these long-term investments. The multiple dimensions of disparities The definition of equity is based on simple notions of fairness and distributive justice. The nuances of this field and the difference between disparities and inequities are briefly discussed here. Obviously, not all individuals are the same. Thus, unfortunately, some children will die, or be stunted while other ones will not. These differences between individuals are unavoidable. In addition, they are random differences in the sense that they are not associated to any unalterable characteristic which is (or could be) used to separate individuals into groups. When these differences are associated with these characteristics, we are no longer dealing with inequalities but with inequities. Put another way, disparities are simply differences in health status between groups independent of an assessment of fairness. Inequities are a subset of disparities which are judged to be avoidable and unfair and thus require some sort of ameliorating policy intervention (Evans, Whitehead et al 2001). Distinguishing between disparities or inequalities and inequities is associated with the question: "Inequality of what?" The answers to this question usually fall in two camps: equal opportunities or equal outcomes. The distinction is important for assessing fairness. While most authors agree that all individuals should have the same opportunities, few of them agree that the outcomes or results should be same for everybody. Thus, value judgments enter the discussion. In the case of both disparities and inequities, there are arbitrary thresholds. On the one hand, whether observed differences are meaningful needs to be established and on the other hand, in the case there is an actual difference, whether it is fair or not needs to be evaluated. We must first assess whether in fact two apparently different indicators do in fact reveal a disparity. For instance, average weight at birth could be 2.4 Kg in one province and 2.6 Kg in another. The former indicator appears to reveal a problem of low birth weight (defined as <2.5kg) which may be absent in the latter. However, as these estimates are based on samples, statistical tests must be employed to establish (for each indicator and context) what numerical differences actually represent inequalities. In this analysis we make a point of performing statistical tests in order to be definitive about which differences between indicators are 1 Below, we call these characteristics stratifiers, following the standard terminology. 2 As "disparities" and "inequality" mean basically the same, we use them interchangeably. In common usage, "inequality" seems to be associated with quantitative measures and "disparity" often implies a degree of unfairness not easily captured in numbers. Nevertheless, the dictionary definition is the same for both. 3 The reasons for this vary and their validity need not concern us here. Specifically in terms of income, they range from luck, to individual efforts and the need to maintain certain degree of inequality to provide "incentives". 4 See McCloskey and Ziliak (1996) for the need to complement statistical test with common sense when evaluating what magnitudes are real differences or not. p. 3 actually disparities. But the level of significance at which one tests and the magnitude of disparity which one highlights, although grounded in statistical theory and methods, retains an arbitrary element which may be seen as subjective. In assessing the fairness of disparities (to determine if they are inequities), moral or ethical judgments come into play. "Small" differences in some types of outcomes may be considered unacceptable while large ones are usually perceived as normal. For example, access to plastic surgery for cosmetic reasons is highly unequal across social classes yet does not raise public outcry. However, smaller disparities in rates of immunization for children would, in most societies, be deemed 'unfair.' In sum, "inequalities" or "disparities" refer to outcomes which are dissimilar without any assumption about whether they should have been equal. Concomitantly, "inequities" refers to outcomes which are not the same when they ought to have been similar. Nevertheless, it would not be accurate to say that "equality" refers only to outcomes while "equity" is restricted to processes. This is very clear when dealing with the MDGs. Some of the MDGs are outcomes (e.g. child mortality) while others are inputs/processes (e.g. access to health care). But in both cases, there is an expectation that equality across population groups is 'the ideal.' In the case of the MDG indicators examined here, all disparities would thus be considered the result of some socio-e


In this work, we present the Language Computer Corporation (LCC) annotated metaphor datasets, which represent the largest and most comprehensive resource for metaphor research to date. These datasets were produced over the course of three years by a staff of nine annotators working in four languages (English, Spanish, Russian, and Farsi). As part of these datasets, we provide (1) metaphoricity ratings for within-sentence word pairs on a four-point scale, (2) scored links to our repository of 114 source concept domains and 32 target concept domains, and (3) ratings for the affective polarity and intensity of each pair. Altogether, we provide 188,741 annotations in English (for 80,100 pairs), 159,915 annotations in Spanish (for 63,188 pairs), 99,740 annotations in Russian (for 44,632 pairs), and 137,186 annotations in Farsi (for 57,239 pairs). In addition, we are providing a large set of likely metaphors which have been independently extracted by our two state-of-the-art metaphor detection systems but which have not been analyzed by our team of annotators.


Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) or global hypoperfusion is an experimental model of vascular dementia known to effect cognition. Chronic global hypoperfusion increases astrogliosis within ...


The rise of cloud computing and cloud storage brings huge benefits to the information industry, but at the same time, related applications also face greater information security challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes a risk assessment method of cloud system information security based on risk contagion, which mainly evaluates the risk value of the whole system caused by a module being attacked as a risk source. In this method, the calculation of asset value is improved, and the permissions relationship is introduced into the calculation of risk contagion coefficient.


In this paper,the solubilization of ginkgo biloba extracts by surfactants in water was studied,nontoxic nonionic surfactants such as Tween,Span,PEG were selected as solubilizing agent.The result reveals that the solubilizing effect is:Tween-80Tween-20PEG600Span.Every gram Tween-80 can solubilize 2 g ginkgo biloba extracts,and the solubility of Ginkgo biloba extracts in 100 g water is only 0 5 g,after adding 2 5 g Tween-80,the solubility of ginkgo biloba extracts is increased to 5 0 g.Through building the dynamics equation and thermodynamics equation of decomposition of Ginkgo biloba extracts,the effective constitutes concentration of liquid preparation of Ginkgo biloba extracts using Tween-80 as solubilizing agent can keep 90 % of the initial concentration in the room temperature(25 ℃)during 479 days.


The development of advanced instrumentation for in-pile experiments in Material Testing Reactor (MTR) constitutes a main goal for the improvement of the nuclear fuel behavior knowledge. An acoustic method for fission gas release detection was tested with success during a first experiment called REMORA 3 in 2010 and 2011, and the results were used to differentiate helium and fission gas release kinetics under transient operating conditions. The maximal temperature on the sensor during the irradiation was about 150 °C. In this paper we present a thick film transducer produce by screen printing process. The screen printing of piezoelectric offers a wide range of possible applications for the development of acoustic sensors and piezoelectric structure for measurements in high temperature environment.


The hostile working condition of tunneling face limits field test about cutting loads of EBZ160 boom-type roadheader's cutting head. Considering the high cost of direct measurement for each cutting pick and uncertainty of empirical method, this research focused on obtaining cutting loads during horizontal swing cutting. Then, the relationships between cutting loads and cylinders pressures were established with the mechanical model of working mechanisms. The 3D entity models determined the centroid positions of key mechanisms. Analysis of cutting picks participating in cutting was used to obtain the instantaneous loads of cutting head. It was observed that cutting resistance was the maximum force and the fluctuant force and torques showed sinusoidal variation law along with the position angle. By comparing the variation coefficient and extreme value, the optimal step size of position angle was set as 10o because of decrease in computing time and completeness in extreme point. Additionally, the cutting resistance changing with horizontal angle followed a parabolic law, possibly due to the symmetrical structure. However, when pitch angle increased, cutting resistance decreased first and then increased. And theoretical resistance in both situation reached extreme at the angle near 0o, highlighting the importance of posture on cutting loads. Furthermore, cutting resistance increased linearly with an increase in lifting cylinder pressure at different horizontal angles. But for different pitch angles, they followed two monotonic functions with a turning angle of -2o. All results in this paper are conducive to improve cutting performance of the road header.


TEREZIS, Christos – PETRIDOU, Lydia. Systematic Ontological and Gnoseological Approaches to George Pachymeres and  Proclus: the  Platonic Unconditioned as the  Source of Two Different Worldviews. In this study, the authors focus their attention on the ontological question of  the  divine essence in  Christianity and  Neoplatonism, its consequences in  the gnoseological field and its historical-philosophical origins from Plato's unconditioned. This is an  issue that establishes a  common tradition between two clearly different worldviews, which, despite the  fact that the  first one is monotheistic while the  second is polytheistic, they both adopt monism and  suggest unutterability of  the  divine essence. Concerning the  structure of  the  study, the  question of  the  divine essence is firstly approached from  the  ontological and  gnoseological point of  view in  George Pachymeres, a  Christian philosopher and theologian of the Palaeologan Renaissance. It is followed by a discussion on the same question in Proclus. In the last two parts of the study, the authors are discussing the origin of the matter of the agnosia of the divine essence and the transformation of the way in  which Metaphysics is approached, following its course from  the  Platonic moderate anthropocentrism to the  Neoplatonic and  Christian theological attempt at understanding the divine revelation.


Numerical studies of cardiovascular diseases like arteriosclerosis have gained increasing attention the last decade. The modeling of blood, blood vessel and their coupling, shows to be a challenging problem. In this thesis a two-dimensional model has been constructed and its behaviour has been investigated. We model the blood vessel by a linear elastic continuum and blood by an incompressible Newtonian fluid. The coupled system is solved with a space-time discontinuous Galerkin method. The solution is allowed to be discontinuous over the discrete time level, but continuity in space is enforced. We calculate the movement of the fluid domain by the equations of linear elasticity, which results in a so-called 'pseudo solid' mapping. The coupled system is solved with a strongly-coupled solution method. The subiteration procedure occurring within each time step is accelerated by relaxation. Relaxation shows to be necessary when the density of the structure approaches the density of the fluid. The number of iteration steps needed within a time step shows to be quite large and the need for better acceleration becomes apparent. Although the relaxation technique offers some improvement of the subiteration procedure, better techniques are necessary for three-dimensional simulations.


Z-RNA produced by influenza virus stimulates necroptosis and activates neutrophils in infected tissue. Z-RNA produced by influenza virus stimulates necroptosis and activates neutrophils in infected tissue.


Abstract In a mineral nutrient survey, fruits from grapefruit, sweet orange and tangerine trees whose leaves were sampled were analysed for internal quality and then correlated with the respective leaf analysis values. Correlations amongst leaf nutrients were also studied. Statistically significant simple correlations were found between some internal quality parameters and certain leaf nutrients. Due to sampling limitations, a multi‐element consideration in the nature of multiple regression studies was not considered thus limiting the utility of the results in evaluating interionic effects on internal quality of citrus in Sierra Leone.


Using the isolated leaves of Liuyuesu pear as the explants,plant regeneration from leaves of Liuyuesu pear in vitro were conducted to examine the factors,including medium type,concentration of plant growth regulators,carbon sources,dark culture period,ways of leaves inoculation and treatment of AgNO3 that influence adventitious buds regeneration from leaf.The results showed that the optimal combination for leaf regeneration of pear cultivar Liuyuesu was NN69+BA 5.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L + sobitol 40 g/L + agar 7.0 g/L,the abaxial surface of leaves touching the medium,and dark period of 30 days at the beginning of culture.The highest regeneration frequency of leaf of Liuyuesu was 83.3%,and the mean bud number per leaf was 2.84.Adding up 40 g/L sobitol significantly enhanced the regeneration frequency of leaf.Adventitious bud was easier induced with the leaf abaxial side touching medium than with the leaf adaxial side.AgNO3 enhanced the regeneration efficiency while its concentration varied from 0.1 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L,but 2.0 mg/L AgNO3 significantly decreased the regeneration frequency of leaf.The optimal combination for regenerated shoots rooting was 1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L + sucrose + 20 g/L+ agar 6.5 g/L,and dark period of 5 days.On the rooting medium,the rooting rate was 50%,and the mean root number per shoot was 3.33.


The purpose of this paper is to present the principles of the fuzzy logic programming, exemplifying them by a couple of proposals that we think are representatives of the advances in this field. We include also the description of another systems of logic programming with uncertain information that are based on other logics of uncertainty which are different from fuzzy logic. This article only presuppose an elementary knowledge of the classical first-orden logic.


In the article,authors introduce the application of concrete expansion additive in China and some existing problems,give out relevant solutions,and provide theoretical and practical basis for the scientific and reliable application of concrete expansion additive in China.


Introduction: Low academic achievement and educational failure are yet considered as the most usual reason for students' drop out. Performing supportive interventions seem essential for these students. This study has tried to determine the effect of a supportive counseling program on nursing students' academic achievement in Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: Forty two BS nursing students with low academic achievement were selected with simple random sampling in this quasi-experimental study in 2007. Intervention included a supportive counseling program which was conducted for one semester in from of individual and group counseling sessions. The data were collected by researcher made forms inquiring students' demographic data and scores record to check their academic status. The data were analyzed by statistical tests of X, , independent T-test and Man Whitney Test through SPSS software. Result: The findings showed that mean score increments of subjects in experimental group were more than the control, but the difference was not statistically significant. Mean scores difference in experimental group among boys was significantly more than those of girls. Conclusion: Although the effect of supportive counseling programs on nursing students' academic achievement was not proved in this study, reinforcement of teachers' supportive and conductive role and facilities for supportive interventions for these students and promotion of better dormitory life is recommended.


AbstractElevation information and its derivation, such as grade, are very important in analyses of traffic operation, safety performance, and energy consumption on highways. Google Earth (GE) is co...


The fingerprint which is called "the head of evidence" is one of the most important and familiar trace evidence in the crime spot. With the continuous development of DNA technique, it is possible to withdraw DNA from the fingerprints in the spot. But the current fingerprint DNA technique still faces a lot of difficulties and challenge which hinder its development in some extent. We can believe that fingerprint DNA technique will bring an unprecedentedly leaping to dactylography with the development of the DNA withdrawal, departing-expanding technique and IT.


During the second and third years after release, dominant, codominant, and intermediate pole-size yellow birch grew nearly twice as fast in diameter as unreleased poles. Growth rates were also related to foliage density. Epicormic sprouting was increased by crown release but most sprouting occured in the second log.


Exploratory research with a quantitative approach, processing of data with Epi-Info. Objectives: To identify the demand for care of the school community, plan and implement an area of health care. The scenario was the Technical Institute of Culture of Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, having as subjects students and staff who sought medical care. Results: 486 appointments made due to health complications in 2008. The highest incidences are related to headache, malaise and cramps. The area of health care will be deployed in a space of approximately 110 m2, located on the ground floor of ICT. It is concluded that the participation of nurses in the school environment, as manager of nursing care is essential and can generate positive effects in promoting the health of individuals in the school environment, contributing to an appropriate service, giving its users a careful risk-free to promote their health


Effect of high-resolution SST on Baiu-Meiu and relationship with tropical convective activity is investigated using 60km-AGCM. In this study, we used AMSR-AVHRROISST (~20km resolution) which resolves warm western boundary current such as Kuroshio and Gulf-stream, and coastal upwelling. AGCM experiment with fine resolution SST simulates rainfall peak over the warm SST band than one with smoothed SST around June-July. Spatial pattern of observed rainfall (TRMM-3B43) in this season is closer to the former experiment. We also investigated the SST effect through relationship between such Baiu-Meiu rainfall and Asian summer monsoon circulation. In June, rainfall is collocated with the warm SST band along Kuroshio and there is no significant pressure pattern. In July, in contrast, significant subtropical high anomaly emerges with suppressed convective activity around northwestern subtropical Pacific. During August-September, in contrast, influence of SST around Japan on the rainfall becomes less significant.


Sports swimming is a sport that is done in airsebagai leisure activities among the general public. Pool has benefits for the whole body motion train and exercise in breathing. Swimming motion is highly recommended for young children as the provision of body building and safety play while in the pool. Early childhood is a child referred to the latter phases of childhood aged 6-11 years (maximum 12 years) who are able to form mental operations on the knowledge they have to be able to solve the problem. Swimming sports studies on mental formation in early childhood is an attempt to discover the benefits contained in the swimming activity from the standpoint of psychology that is mental. Mental changes are influenced by the flow of blood that mixes with the adrenal gland.


The study employed a concurrent triangulation research methodology where both descriptive cross-sectional survey and naturalistic phenomenology designs have used. Probability and non-probability sampling methods have used to sample 120 adults from 4degree course B. Pharmacy Colleges within Pune University. Data has collected using questionnaires to gather information from the teachers (sample size). The data collected has analyzed using regression analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The findings have presented using frequencies, tabled standard deviations, mean differences and percentages. valued relationship, frequent change of residency, long distance travel, travel in group, habit of misbehavior, poor sanitation, low oxygen update environment and poor family patterns (Kastenbaum, 2012). A report study revealed that in India one third of emotional suicide cases have mainly young people assistant professor attending from long distance driver role and principal combined this activity and youth suicide in this case is when a young person generally categorized as someone above age 30 deliberately ends their own life from family function (Machi, 2017). The rates of attempted and completed suicide in long distance attending assistant professor, principal alternate capacity are high. The research reports gender differences in both males and females however, emotional suicidal thoughts are common among females, while experience males are the ones who usually carry out emotional suicides (WHO, 2007).


Dye enhanced laser welding has been recently proposed for skin closures to exploit the advantages of laser procedure (possible reduction of scar formation, no inflammatory reaction). In this preliminary study we used the diode laser-assisted technique to perform welding of rats' skin. In the pilot phase of the study we investigated the effect of the interaction between diode laser radiation and 20 full thickness skin wounds, performed on the shaved backs of 10 Wistar rats, using laser power in the range of 200 - 150 mW and, as the photoenhancing chromophore, Indocyanine Cardio-green (ICG) dye saturated solution in plasma. Ten wounds were sutured with 4.0 nylon thread, to provide a comparison with the traditional procedure. Wounds' samples were explanted on day 3 and 7 after the treatment, for histological evaluation. Clinical examination on the same days showed a high percentage of wounds dehiscence and presence of scales and crusts. Histologic examination demonstrated evidence of thermal injury and a heightened inflammation, superior to that of suture closures. In the second phase of the study, a lower laser power (150 - 80 mW), ICG-plasma-non saturated solution (ICG-sol) and ICG-plasma-saturated-sodium hyaluronate gel (ICG-gel), were used. Six wounds were filled with ICG-sol and six with ICG-gel, then irradiated at 150, 120 and 80 mW. Postoperative explants were performed on day 3 and 7. Clinical and histological results from this group were satisfactory: we recorded only one case of dehiscence, well healed wounds, no epidermal necrosis and a mild inflammatory reaction, reduced respect to that of traditional closure. We characterized the optimum range of parameters of diode laser-assisted technique to achieve an effective skin welding and the corresponding clinical and histologic pattern was described.


Separation of cerium from the other rare earths by oxidation to tetravalent state and precipitation is described. It was found that cerium can be quantitatively precipitated as a cerium(IV) peroxyacetate from a nitrate solution with only 5 to 15% of the trivalent rare earths carrying on the precipitate. The process is accomplished by the addition of a buffered hydrogen peroxide-- sodium acetate solution to a rare earth nitrate feed solution. It was established that when in contact with actual Parex solutions, cerium peroxyacetate precipitates decompose much more rapidly than they do in simulated solutions. It was found that the stability of the precipitate could be extended by periodic addition of more hydrogen peroxide or by the use of a larger initial amount. (M.C.G.)


With the rapid expansion of the gaming industry since the early 1990s, and the need for more professionally trained employees as a result, an increasing number of educational institutions have started to introduce casino operations and gaming-related courses in their curricula. In hospitality academia today, there is a concern about the quality of the gaming education programs. This study investigated the current stage of the gaming education programs offered in four-year colleges and universities in the U.S. and revealed that there exists some discrepancies between academia and the gaming industry in recognizing what gaming topics are deemed important in the classroom and in the field. Eliminating these discrepancies is the critical step to enhance the overall quality of the gaming education programs in the U.S.


DOCUMENT RESUME CG 028 345 Tashjian, Christene A.; Silvia, E. Suyapa Characteristics of Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act State and Local Programs: Summary of the 1993-95 State Biennial Performance Reports. Final Report. Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC. Department of Education, Washington, DC. Planning and Evaluation Service. 1998-00-0


In order to improve the sensing performance of optical fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor, this paper uses the finite element method to carry out the mechanical simulation of the silicon pressure sensitive diaphragm of the sensor, and studies the deformation deflection and linearity of several typical diaphragm structures under different pressures. Combined with theoretical analysis and simulation verification, a membrane structure of rectangular groove and cylindrical convex platform is proposed. Through theoretical analysis, the size parameter range that the structure can be used safely is determined and a dimensionless evaluation index that combines sensitivity, bending degree and linearity is constructed. Through the finite element simulation analysis, the film performance of the new structure is comprehensively improved compared with that of the flat structure. This study has certain guiding significance and reference value for the diaphragm design of optical fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor.


As the base of energy and heavy chemical industry in China ,the air pollution in Taiyuan becomes increasingly serious. The polluting sources are mainly from industry and transportation. The polluting substance mainly includes poisonous gases such as smog,SO\-2 , HF , CO and CO\-2 etc. According to those characteristics mentioned above,with two methods including man-made smoking way and spot investigation , more than 60 kinds of garden plants have been selected which are suitable for planting in Taiyuan and anti-air-pollution.


Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are extensively used in many applications such as intelligent transportation, logistics, and industrial factories. In this paper, we address the path planning problem for an AGV system (i.e. a team of identical AGVs) with logic and time constraints using Petri nets. We propose a method to model an AGV system and its static environment by timed Petri nets. Combining the structural characteristics of Petri nets and integer linear programming technique, a path planning method is developed to ensure that all task regions are visited by AGVs in time and forbidden regions are always avoided. Finally, simulation studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed path planning methodology.


Manufacturing companies should understand the changing customer needs and expectations, access and defend the competitive pressure, anticipate and manage the uncertain demand and supply chain risk, and implement the appropriate technology to survive and excel in today's marketplace. Therefore, they are moving away from mass production (i.e. lean supply chain) to one based on fast-responsiveness and flexibility, capitalizing on the rapid advancement in internet technologies and factory-on-demand mode of production (i.e. agile supply chain). It is observed that manufacturing companies in India in general and automotive supply chain in specific are compelled to cultivate supply chain agility for enhancing its performance level on continuous basis and comparing its supply chain agility performance with competitors to survive and sustain in the competitive business environment. Therefore, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the supply chain agility of a manufacturing supply chain and compare its performance level with competitors using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Taguchi Loss Function. A case study is developed and the proposed methodology is applied to Indian automotive supply chain for explaining the salient features of it.


AlN nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the reaction of AlCl_3 and NaN_3 in organic solvent at low temperature( 280℃). After sintered at 700℃ for 48h, pure phase cubic AlN nanocrystals were produced. The results of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and selective area electron diffraction confirmed that pure phase cubic AlN was prepared by this method. The morphology shows that the particles are in cubical shape and the average size is about 3 nm. Owing to the catalytic effect of AlN nanocrystals, part of xylene is converted at 280℃ into a series of polymers, mainly including 3,4-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-1,1'biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene and trimethyl-carbazole. As contrastive experiment, the catalytic effects of AlCl_3 and NaN_3 were also studied, and no polymers are found.


Introduction The following study can be understood as an attempt to "resituate" the environmentalist problematic on a new--ontological--terrain. Its focus is rather narrow, taking the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico as exemplary environmental disaster, and paying particular attention to the means by which such an event emerges qua disaster in the prevailing ontological context of our Information Age (1). These means by which the event of disaster becomes manifest are, above all, techniques of visual imaging, or "technologies of the visible." (I borrow this term from the analysis of oil-spill disaster images worked out by Peter Galison and Caroline A. Jones in a brief piece that motivates the present study, and provides much of its subject matter.) If we recognize the increasing importance of the visual image as one of the salient features of the Age of Information, we must also consider the pragmatic implications of visual image processing as the cognitive means by which the significance of environmental disaster is to be registered. These implications are spelled out fairly clearly by Galison and Jones: the significance and the lessons to be learned from a major environmental disaster tend to be lost in the processing of "surface images" that may capture our attention and galvanize opinion, but fail to capture the deeper-lying causes and consequences of disaster, which remain conveniently out of sight, out of mind. These considerations seem to warrant the sort of conceptual shift to be sketched out in the following pages: attempting to dislodge the environmentalist problematic from the technocratic framework which is its "natural" home, and point toward the need for an ontological inquiry into the prevailing "meaning of being" that structures our world and determines our present reality in terms of information. Moreover, since we are pointing toward certain defects or deficits of the "pragmatic implications" now operative in the Information Age technocratic framework (more on this below), it will be necessary to indicate, if only in very preliminary ways, the practical implications of the type of inquiry undertaken here. Such reflections, on the new strategic and/or conceptual approaches to the very real demands and urgent questions encompassed by the environmentalist problematic, will be consigned to the conclusion of this study. There it will be suggested that an inquiry attempting to situate the environmental disaster, ontologically, among the decisive events that characterize our Age of Information does indeed shift the terrain upon which our response will have to be fashioned. Inquiry into the fundamental layout of the world in which environmental disasters are recognized as decisive and inevitable features should also affect the ways in which the disaster "speaks to us." And if we could properly heed the significance of a major oil spill, for example, beyond the surface images of disaster and outside the technocratic environmentalist framework, we would catch sight of possibilities for new kinds of response: new ways of conceptualizing the problematic, new forms of action, and new realms of engagement. The technocratic framework An environmental disaster is described, first of all, in terms of "what actually happened"--two hundred million gallons of oil released into the ocean, in our exemplary case study--and then two areas of impact must be assessed: the ecological damage and the human costs. Causes and consequences of the disaster are investigated in two different "registers:" the human impact, which may of course include emotional response, a sense of tragedy, outrage or apocalyptic doom, but is ultimately reducible in principle to economic costs; and the effects of the disaster on non-human species (which may or may not be of economic importance), natural cycles, and ecosystem functions. The latter register is largely determined by ecosystem models and computer simulations, and accurate predictions and assessments of damage are possible only in the case of an ecosystem whose baseline functioning has been well studied (over the course of years or decades, depending on the complexity and type of ecosystem involved. …


The implementation of an internal control system in the form of verification of payment documents within a company is very important to support the company's performance. The purpose of this study was to find out the system and procedures for verifying payment of goods and services financing at the VQ Group Surabaya company. Every payment of goods and services must be documented verification to prevent dam and find procedure incompatibility. This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection is done by interviewing relevant parties and methods of documentation of documents relating to verification of payments for financing goods and services. The results of the analysis of the research that has been conducted can be concluded that the VQ Group Surabaya company in verifying documents uses payment document verification procedures that have been set by the company, namely the form of formal verification and done manually. The problem that arises in the application of payment document verification is that there is an incomplete / loss of payment documents in the form of notes / invoices and the presence of writing errors (receipt numbers with fairly large numbers).Researchers suggest to maximize the process of verifying the payment of goods and services financing at VQ Group Surabaya, so it is better to further implement a computerized verification system and procedure to minimize any errors or human errors.

Keywords: Internal Control System, Document Verification, Goods and Services


Introduction Systematic Account P. principe sp. nov. Ecological Notes Acknowledgements References A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Potamonautes Macleay, 1838 is described from Principe (Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe), an island in the Gulf of Guinea off the coast of Central Africa. The specimens were collected during a recent zoological expedition by the Zoological Society of London. This is also the first record of a freshwater crab on the island of Principe.


The present paper resumes where the previous paper in this series concluded. At its video conference on 23 April the European Council mandated the Commission to draft a Recovery Plan, and on 21 July, at the end of a fve-day meeting, it signed off on a Recovery Fund and a revised MFF.
 The size and economic signifcance of the package are illustrated in the text and tables. It is big money which, because it is targeted primarily at the more vulnerable member states, should have a considerable economic impact, particularly in the South. Talk of a crossing of the Rubicon is
 nonetheless misplaced. Firstly because, though large, it is still much smaller than member states' Covid-related spending. Secondly, more importantly, because the politics of the agreement, which are analysed at some length in the narrative section of the paper, confrm that the leading players
 in Europe's Union of sovereign states have little or no appetite for the huge systemic changes which would be required to deliver on the federalists' dream. Four features of the political narrative are of particular importance. Firstly, the making of the July agreement
 was a success story which, in the face of widespread scepticism, confrmed that the EU can deliver. As a result, both the self-confdence of the insiders and the standing of the EU with its citizens have been boosted. Secondly, the story vindicated the Union's European Council centred
 system of government. Media focus on the 18 May Statement by Merkel and Macron was misleading. The story begins on 23 April and ends on 21 July with the European Council. Thirdly, individuals and institutions matter too. In institutional terms, the European Commission, the Council's
 rotating Presidency as well as the European Council itself have been at the heart of the process. In individual terms, Angela Merkel was once again in a league of her own, von der Leyen and Michel performed well, and the leaders of the F4, reinforced for most of the time by the Finnish prime
 minister, left their mark in a positive still more than a negative sense. As too did Conte and Sanchez. Macron was also important needless to say, but not as important as the French government and the international media suggested. Fourthly, the story draws attention to the limits
 as well as the potential of the system. Two closely related episodes since July are cited by way of illustration. In the frst, the negotiations between the German Council Presidency and the European Parliament about the budget, the parliamentary negotiators over-estimated both the powers and
 the signifcance of the Parliament in the system. In the second, involving the Council, the Parliament and the Hungarian and Polish governments, the latter have, as often before, challenged the shared values on which the EU system is based. On this occasion however their interlocutors have
 considerable leverage and, rightly in our view, appear determined to stand frm, even if, as is still possible, this puts the MFF/NGEU package at risk.


Timor is an island in the Malay Archipelago, some 360 miles northwest of Australia. Prior to the April 1974 military coup in Portugal, control of the island was divided between Indonesia and Portugal. Shortly after the overthrow of the Portuguese dictatorship, Indonesia sought to integrate the colony of East Timor, at first by trying to manipulate the political process of decolonization and, failing at that, by military invasion. The United Nations has on several occasions repudiated Indonesia's actions "inasmuch as the people of the Territory have not been able to exercise freely their right of self-determination and independence." The resistance to the Indonesian invasion is led by the Frente Revoluciondria de Timor Leste Independente (FRETILIN), which declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor on November 28, 1975. The following is the text of an address to the East Timor Independence Dinner held by the South Australian Campaign For an Independent East Timor at Adelaide University on December 1, 1979, to mark the fourth anniversary of the founding of the Democratic Republic of East Timor. Pat Flanagan is a member of the Politics Department, University of Adelaide, Australia. - THE EDITORSThis article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


We are Group 6, and this is our uploaded presentation on the controversy of Instant Replay in sports. We presented this PowerPoint in our STS 325: Sports, Technology, and Society class on October 19th.


The invention relates to an energy-saving wrist mobile phone. The energy-saving wrist mobile phone comprises a phone body, wristbands are fixedly installed at the two ends of the phone body, a Bluetooth earphone is detachably installed at the position, connected with the phone body, of one wristband, an electricity generation device is arranged in the phone body and supplies power to the mobile phone, and the electricity generation device comprises a generator and a swing block connected with a rotor of the generator. The mobile phone can be directly worn on the wrist, on one hand, the wrist mobile phone is very convenient to carry and use, the Bluetooth earphone can be used for communication in the communicating process, three-party communication can be achieved, and radiation can further be effectively reduced; on the other hand, the swing block is swung by using power generated by motion of the arm of the human body, the swing block is swung to drive the rotor of the generator to rotate, the generator generates electricity, and the electricity after being processed is supplied to a battery of the mobile phone. Therefore, electricity can be generated when a user of the mobile phone moves the arm normally, an external power source is not needed for charging the mobile phone, and therefore electric energy is saved.


Green infrastructure in urban environments of world�s large cities is becoming an important factor in adapting to climate change e.g., in the form of green walls or green roofs. However, it is important to note that positive effect in the urban climate can be achieved also by the application and combination of multiple green infrastructure elements. Finding suitable strategies to plant greenery in very dense urban areas is not only a problem of today, but also a challenge for the future sustainable cities and their resilience to the climate changes.
The implementation of green walls to the urban green infrastructure brings not only benefits but also a number of potential challenges that are not always taken into account in advance. The article presents the rationalization scheme for stakeholders that can affect their decision-making in a suitable way. The development of the rationalization scheme was preceded by its validation in previous research and through application in practice.


In the history of most corporations, strategic change is a slow, evolutionary process. Strategic planning is useful primarily to facilitate a successful adjustment of operations and resources to a changing environment.


A new laboratory experiment is described in which students compare two benchtop separation methods to isolate the three active components of the commercial analgesic Excedrin. In the two-week sequence, aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine are separated using either a two-base liquid–liquid extraction or silica column chromatography. Students then evaluate the two separation methods based on percent recoveries and on purity, as determined by thin-layer chromatography. This procedure introduces three important techniques using a single theme. The experiment has been designed to minimize cost of chemicals and hazardous waste generation, while challenging students to critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different purification techniques.


Background Attitudes towards smoking, lung cancer screening, and perceived risk of lung cancer have not been widely studied in Malaysia. The primary objective of this study was to describe the factors affecting the willingness of high-risk current smokers and ex-smokers to undergo low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in current smokers or ex-smokers aged between 55 and 80 years at three hospitals in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The questionnaire recorded the following parameters: perceived lung cancer risk; Prostate Lung Colon Ovarian Cancer 2012 risk prediction model excluding race and ethnicity predictor (PLCOm2012norace); demographic characteristics; psychosocial characteristics; and attitudes towards lung cancer and lung cancer screening. Results A vast majority of the 95 respondents (94.7%) indicated their willingness to undergo screening. Stigma of lung cancer, low levels of knowledge about lung cancer symptoms, concerns about financial constraints, and a preference for traditional medication were still prevalent among the respondents, and they may represent potential barriers to lung cancer screening uptake. A desire to have an early diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 11.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53 to 84.05; p=0.02), perceived time constraints (OR, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.32 to 11.73; p=0.01), and proximity of LDCT screening facilities (OR, 14.33; 95% CI, 1.84 to 111.4; p=0.01) had significantly higher odds of willingness to undergo screening. Conclusion Although high-risk current smokers and ex-smokers are likely to undergo screening for lung cancer, several psychosocial barriers persist. The results of this study may guide the policymakers and clinicians regarding the need to improve lung cancer awareness in our population.


A review of the data collected since 1954 by the USPHS, AEC and its contractors, as well as other groups, on a global scale, confirms the latitudinal banding of debris from nuclear testing and the value of surface air measurements in tracing the movement of such materials through the atmosphere. Although not seeming to follow any systematic pattern on a gross basis, levels of Strontium 90 and Cesium 137 in milk appear to be readily interpretable when considered in the light of weather patterns and total precipitation. Similarly, seasonal patterns show a close correlation with dairy practices, the time spent on open pasture having a direct influence on levels of both short and long-lived radionuclides in milk. The interrelationship of the various phases of the environment are confirmed. The fact that an understanding of any one transport mechanism requires some knowledge and appreciation of them all is also confirmed. By using the data provided by one series of environmental measurements, public health officials can take steps to alleviate and even prevent the next step in the transport cycle.


Chromosomes of six cupped oyster species were studied using karyometric analysis alter conventional Giemsa staining, and silver staining, Karyotypes of Crassotrea angulata (nine metacentric and one submetacentric chromosome pairs), C. sikamea (nine metacentric and one submetacentric chromosome pairs), C. virginica (eight metacentric and two submetacentric chromosome pairs), C, ariakensis (eight metacentric and two submetacentric chromosome pairs), C, gasar (six metacentric and four submetacentric chromosome pairs), and Saccostrea commercialis (eight metacentric and two submetacentric chromosome pairs) are distinguishable by the number and position of the submetacentric chromosome pair and by the location of nu cleolus organizer regions, Comparative karyological analysis of these six cupped oysters and of C. gigas was made using a Principal Component Analysis and a Hierarchical Clustering Analy sis, Crassostrea gasar appears isolated trom the other oyster species, Then, two c1usters are separated. The first one groups C. gigas, C. angulata and C. sikamea, in which C. gigas is ple siomorphic, The second one consists of C, ariakensis, C. virginica and S, commercialis. Results are discussed with regards to oyster species relationships based on other genetic characters and to hybridization possibilities.


The article examines transitional processes in the power circuit of tractive motors and their influence on the work of grading automatic starting of EMU trains ER2R, ER2Т and EPL2Т. Recommendations have been developed for increasing reliability of operations of multiple-unit rolling stock.


Macquarie University Accessibility Services (MQAS) converts learning materials into accessible formats for students with access needs. The process is time and labour intensive and with unrealistic timelines can result in materials being delivered late. If learning materials were initially published directly in an accessible format, resources would be saved and students would receive their learning materials on time.


Light-activated shape-memory polymer (LaSMP) is a novel shape-memory material whose Young's modulus can be manipulated with high-energy light irradiations. This study focuses on the frequency contr...


The Internet has been an enormous success and has seen an incredible growth. In order to keep the Internet working, lots of patches and hacks have been applied which work only temporary, and don't solve fundamental problems. This has made research on network Architectures more a craft than a science. RINA, the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture, is a back to basics approach learning from the limitations of the current Interent and from the experience of other technologies in the past. A lot of the functional elements in RINA still need to be developed, among them the routing functionality. In computer networks, computers send packets of data to each other, instead of a stream of data. Each packet has to be relayed, or routed, until it reaches the destination computer. We will research different routing schemes in RINA, different ways of relaying the packet to the destination.


A hoard of about 310 Byzantine gold hyperpyra, mostly of John III (122254), came to light in the winter of 1977/8. It is believed to have been found at or near Agrinion. Some ten to fifteen coins from it were dispersed without record before February 1978, when 295 specimens were shown, by those into whose hands they had fallen, to an experienced numismatist. He was allowed to retain them for examination for only twenty-four hours, and he sat up through the night in order to photograph and weigh the coins. This reliable and precious record of the contents of the hoard he generously placed at my disposal.1 The coins, meanwhile, are already scattered in many different collections. The credit for having rescued a major find from future uncertainty about its exact composition, and for taking such excellent photographs of difficult subjects since scyphate gold coins catch the light awkwardly is his. Numerous single finds and small hoards of hyperpyra of John III have turned up in south-eastern Europe in the last twenty years, and there are now altogether more than sixty discoveries on record.2 Relatively few of the coins, unfortunately, have been clearly illustrated. The variations of style and detail within the standard type are impossible to convey adequately in words. If not exactly subjective, they are certainly tricky. Thus, although one might have hoped that, with as many as sixty finds, some progress would have been made towards a stylistic analysis, and towards determining whether there are any significant differences in the geographical distribution of the varieties established by the analysis, virtually nothing has yet been achieved. Nor is it likely to be without good-quality illustrations. The Ibrahim Pasha parcel,


Introduction: Literature about treatment of survivors of torture tends to focus on counseling and primary medical care. There are fewer published articles about the utilization of physiotherapy at treatment centers for survivors of torture and other forms of trauma.
Methods: Lists were compiled of about 169 treatment centers receiving funding from the United National Voluntary Fund, 150 from the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, and another 40 treatment centers in the United States through the National Capacity Building Project. A survey about utilization of physiotherapy at treatment centers for survivors was created which included questions about the utilization of physiotherapy, treatment modalities provided by physiotherapists, other professionals working at the centers, perceived barriers to providing physiotherapy and interest in collaboration as a global physiotherapy community.  Surveys were emailed to centers in French, Spanish and/or English.
Results: 87 responses were received, for a response rate of 43% (87 of 200 emails sent). Approximately 30% of centers report that their clients have no access to physiotherapy, with one third of the centers having physiotherapy on staff (in contrast with 85% of survey respondents having psychotherapy/counseling on staff, 73% having social work on staff and 55% primary medicine). About one third of responding torture treatment programs reported being able to refer to physiotherapists outside of their centers. Therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, massage, and group activities and exercises were the most commonly reported treatment modalities provided by physiotherapists. Lack of funds or resources and shortage of physiotherapy personnel were perceived as being the biggest challenges limiting clients' access to physiotherapy. Twenty-nine of the respondents (33%) were physiotherapists, and of these, 90% reported being interested in collaborative activities with other physiotherapists working with survivor of torture.


When strong positive heritability of fitness arises due to host-parasite coevolution, consequent sosigonic mate preference undermines monogamy through tendencies to extra-pair copulation. "Low" females bonded to "low" males try to parasitise their partnership by obtaining fertilization, surreptitiously if possible, from "high" males: correspondingly, in the case of birds, "Low" males may parasite by encouraging egg dumping in their nests by "high" females who have allowed copulation. It follows that nests of birds of low status should sometimes show evidence at times of both types of parasitism while nests of high status should show faithful monogamy.

Rather differently from the argument in Hamilton and Zuk (1982), showiness in monogamous species is more likely to be related to such extra-pair objectives than to pair—bonding for nesting.

Venereal disease makes males cautious about copulating with any female. Although prevented by true monogamy, when monogamy is partial, venereal disease may become the incentive for increasing female sexual advertisement. In extreme cases it may combine with other ecological factors to initiate sex role reversal, in which the female becomes the non-parenting sex of the species.

As regards source of the heritability that backs the sosigonic selection assumed in such speculations, reasons are given for preferring a coevolutionary cycling of ancient, preserved , parasite-defense alleles to the alternatives of an abundant stream of good new defense mutations, or a process of elimination of purely deleterious mutations.


The traditional assumption that the Wechsler Intelligence scales Picture Arrangement (PA) and Comprehension (COMP) subtests are interpretable as measures of social competence was tested. Although the assumption has existed for over half a century, there is a lack of evidence to support this contention. Performance on the PA and COMP subtests of the WISC-III was correlated with various indices of social functioning, using multiple sources of information (i.e., participant self-report, teacher report and peer nominations within a normal school-aged population) in a sample of 74, eight to twelve year old children. After general intelligence was partialled out, performance on the COMP subtest related to children's perception of social selfefficacy, and performance on the PA subtest was related to assertive problem solving strategies. No other social measure correlated significantly with performance on the PA and COMP subtests. Results of regression analyses reiterated the correlational analyses suggesting that although there was some modest predictive power for the PA subtest to predict assertive problem solving strategies and for performance on the COMP subtest to predict a child's perception of social self-efficacy, performance on the PA and COMP subtests do not predict the majority of the social skills that were included in the present investigation.


Purpose: This study aims to analyze the celebrity endorser advertising and to identify influencing factors on the effectiveness of celebrities advertising. Design/methodology/approach: A theoretical model is developed and tested with a questionnaire on a sample of 893 students at the University of Allameh Tabatabaee in 2013. Structural equation modeling was used with LISREL 8.50 and spss for analyzing the data. Findings: In this study the findings shows that the attractiveness of celebrities, credibility of celebrities and fit between celebrities and product affect the effectiveness of advertising. In the current study trustworthiness is the only factor that influence on credibility. Likeability influence on celebrities attractiveness and familiarity of the celebrity has the opposite effect on attractiveness. Originality: This study is the first research in this area in iran.


EVERY textbook of English or European history makes some reference to the great Arthur Young, 1741-1820, in connection either with the Agricultural Revolution, or with his Travels in France on the eve of the French Revolution.1 His son, the Reverend Arthur Young, the object of this study, is not at all famous and was not at all great. There is no notice of him in the Dictionary of National Biography. As a clergyman he never held a living except in Ireland, from which he was an absentee. As an agriculturalist he was but a pallid shadow of his father. The only reason why he is worth a study is that in 1805 he went to Russia at the invitation of the Imperial Government to make an agricultural survey of the province around Moscow. He remained in Russia until 1814, was there again from 1815 to 1820, and finally for a few months before his death in 1827. In 1810 he bought an estate in the southern Crimea near Kaffa (Theodosia). Considerable information about the Rev. Arthur Young is to be found in the Young Manuscripts in the British Museum.2 Quite recently the John Rylands Library at Manchester has acquired fourteen letters by the Rev. Arthur Young, as a part of the Bagshawe Muniments. 3 Most of these letters were written from Russia to his father, mother, and wife. Some are very lengthy. They will furnish the chief source for this study.


The article deals with the influence of ideas of Reformation and Puritanism on the understanding of the main forms of social ties – family life, leisure, fine arts, theatre, music and dancing among the Englishmen and Englishwomen in the second half of 16 th – 17 th centuries.


The $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $K\ensuremath{\beta}$ x-ray fluorescence cross sections have been measured for elements in the range $44l~Zl~68$ at an excitation energy of 59.5-keV \ensuremath{\gamma} ray from ${}^{241}\mathrm{Am}$ radioisotope with a Si(Li) detector. A reasonable agreement is found between the present experimental results and the theoretically calculated values based on photoionization cross sections by Scofield using Hartree-Slater and Hartree-Fock central potential theory.


Hiatal hernias are characterized by protrusion of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity through a widening of the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. Hiatal hernias are broadly divided into sliding and paraesophageal hernias, although the most comprehensive classification recognizes four different types of hiatal hernias. Type I (sliding) hernia may arise from congenital malformation, trauma, and iatrogenic factors. Type II, III and IV (paraesophageal) hernias may arise as complication from surgical dissection of the esophageal hiatus in antireflux procedures, esophagomyotomy, or partial gastrectomy. More common complications of hiatal hernia include gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroesophageal erosion, ulceration and bleeding, laryngopharyngeal reflux disease, gastric volvulus and respiratory complications.1 Less common complications of large paraesophageal hernia include splenic rupture2 and cardiac syncope.3 In this paper, I present a patient with a large type III paraesophageal hernia with pulmonary complications.


PURPOSE: To obtain a tobacco extract having an improved flavor and suitable for use in a cigarette, etc., by subjecting a tobacco material to extraction with an extracting solvent, absorbing a specified amt. of water in the resultant tobacco extract and heat-treating the extract at a prescribed temp. in an environment under controlled pressure. CONSTITUTION: A tobacco material is subjected to extraction with an extracting solvent such as an aq. liq. to obtain a tobacco extract. The extract is introduced into an aq. liq. so that the moisture content of the extract is increased to at least about 5% based on the total weight of the extracting solvent and the extract and then the extract is heat-treated at about >100°C preferably under 11.406-35.15kg/cm 2 pressure. By this heat treatment, the chemical properties of the tobacco extract are modified and a flavorous tobacco extract suitable for use in a cigarette and other smoking articles in the form of various shapes is obtd. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Changes of temperature and light significantly influence the growth and activity of phytoplankton.To explore the effects of these two variables on the cyanobacterial blooms,we analyzed the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus,as well as the competition between the two species,under conditions of low temperature and low light,and under conditions of release from these two stress factors.The results showed that low temperature and low light significantly inhibited the growth of microalgae.Low temperature led to a stronger inhibitory effect on M.aeruginosa than low light did;however,the growth inhibition of S.obliquus was more sensitive to low light than to low temperature.After release from low temperature or limiting light,all of the experimental taxa exhibited the overcompensation growth within a limited time and this response varied by species.Two M.aeruginosa strains showed a greater response to increased temperature than increased light.However,overcompensation of S.obliquus was greater in response to increased light than increased temperature.When the species were grown together,results showed that under all culture conditions,the toxic Microcystis strains(912) had a competitive advantage over S.obliquus.Although there was no significant difference between the competitive ability of the nontoxic Microcystis strain(469) and 5.obliquus under the normal,the former(469) showed a competitive disvantage to S.obliquus under conditions of release from low light and low temperature.Chlorophyll-a content of all experimental algae overcompensated when released from light limitation.In the temperature experiments,the increase of chlorophyll-a content and algal density were asynchronism for all species,and cryogenic pre-treatment had a negative aftereffect on microalgae chlorophyll-a content under release from low temperature.The response of dehydrogenase activity of algae when released from low temperature or low light stress varied with algae species,and the compensating increase of dehydrogenase activity of toxic strains(912) was significantly higher than that of the other two taxa.The results suggested that higher the compensatory growth of toxic Microcystis as well as its competitive advantage over S.obliquus while released from low temperature and light stresses,might be the important mechanisms that result in blue-green algae bloom.


The "assimilation" of Aristotle by Albertus Magnus and St. Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century marked, despite all the scholastic distortion it entailed, a new stage in the history of medieval philosophy, elevating it to a higher level of development, and became, contrary to the intentions of its founders, the source of a revival of philosophical thinking. Aristotle, penetrating the University of Paris, proved to be a "Trojan horse" in the philosophical confrontation that developed around him.


This article argues that multi-agent systems can be seen as an interesting paradigm for the design and implementation of large scale distributed applications. Agents, interactions and organisations, that are the core of multiagent systems, consitute a well fitted support to the design of complex realworld software. They combine the well defined and desired properties for good software engineering: decomposition, abstraction and organisation. This paper presents an agent framework RAGE, Reckoner AGEnts, for an easier design of distributed calculus applications. This framework has been developped using the MAGIQUE multi-agent framework. Because distribution, cooperation and organization are key concepts in multi-agent systems, they are natural solutions for the design of such applications. The use of MAGIQUE has contributed to an easier development of RAGE and provides to the application the capacity to smoothly evolve and adapt. In the first part of this paper, we introduce concepts that are emphasized in the multi-agent domain. Then, we present the principles of the MAGIQUE framework. The second part describes RAGE framework and details a practical example. Finally, the last part illustrates how an agent oriented approach has been followed for the design and implementation of RAGE.


An electromagnet requests high magnetic induction and low temperature. Based on constructal theory and entransy theory, a new complex-objective function of magnetic induction and mean temperature difference to describe performance of electromagnet is provided, and the electromagnet has been optimized using the new complex-objective function. When the performance of electromagnet achieves its best, the solenoid becomes longer and thinner as the number of the high thermal conductivity cooling discs increases. Simultaneously, the magnetic induction becomes higher and the mean temperature difference becomes lower. The optimized performance of electromagnet is also improved as the volume of solenoid increases. Simultaneously, as the volume of the electromagnet increases, the magnetic induction increases to its maximum and then decreases, but the mean temperature decreases all along. Copyright © 2015 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


This paper studies communication of corporate strategy through annual reports to their stakeholders. Content analysis of MD&A sections of annual reports of large Indian firms was done to explore strategy content, positive nature of text (existence of Pollyanna effect), and presence of self-serving attributions. It was found that ftrms focus their communication on describing the external business environment, an analysis of their actions and strategies, and the resulting performance over the past year(s), rather than discuss the future. A relatively smaller proportion of text is devoted to discussing the mandated risks and concerns, and future outlook, and a much lesser proportion to the firm's planned course of action⁄ strategy for the future.


The invention discloses a silica gel gun for extracting a three-dimensional trace. The invention relates to a silica gel gun. The silica gel gun comprises a silicon gel pipe and a crosslinking agent pipe. The silica gel gun is characterized in that the silica gel pipe is internally provided with basic components and a catalyst; the silicon gel pipe is internally provided with a crosslinking agent, wherein the basic components comprise the following compositions: methyl vinyl polysiloxane, methyl phenyl polysiloxane, dimethyl polysiloxane, a silicon dioxide filling material and terephthalate; and the crosslinkling agent is hydrogen-containing methyl polysiloxane. By using the product obtained in the invention, the content of the crosslinking agent can be changed in a wide proportion range,and the large fluctuation of the solidifying time and tensile strength can not be caused. In addition, the product obtained in the invention is safe and non-toxic; and after solidification of silica gel, the product has the advantages of high tensile strength, no shrinkage and clear trace, and can be stored for a long term in good condition.


Researches addressed in this paper have been carried out in the framework
 of a survey of the pollution levels by pesticides in French Polynesia coral reefs. A ubiquitous contamination
 has been shown up of critical organisms from various levels of the trophic web. Such a contamination occurs
 even in remote areas such as for example some atolls from the Tuamotu Archipelago where agricultural activities
 are very restricted. On one hand, the occurrence of organochlorine insecticides is shown widespread.
 Especially worrying is our finding of chlordecone (kepone®) widely present in all organisms investigated,
 particularly in fishes, which are commonly consumed by the local inhabitants. Some concerns arise from
 these data as the average residence time of chlordecone in sediment numbers in thousands of years. On the
 other hand, analyses have demonstrated a pervasive contamination of coral reefs trophic webs by various
 major families of herbicides, namely chloroacetamide and triazine derivatives, as well as diuron. These
 findings are worrying with respect to the coral reefs ecosystems health, especially since their functioning is
 strongly dependent on the Symbiodinium zooxanthellae symbiosis with hermatypic coral, as the Symbiodinium
 Dinoflagellates that have proven especially sensitive to these families of herbicides. These can partially
 inhibit their photosynthetic activity at concentrations lower than one part per billion in seawater


Objective
To analyze the current status and future directions of digestive disease research filed in China from previous application and funded projects under H03 code of National Natural Science Foundation of China during 2010 to 2017.

Methods
All kinds of application and funded projects under H03 code of National Natural Science Foundation of China during 2010 to 2017 were recorded to statistically analyze the subordinate branches, distribution of applicants/institutions, interdisciplinary projects, and cultivation projects.

Results
The total number of application projects was increasing during the past 8 years. The main research directions include gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic non-tumor diseases. Funded projects were mainly distributed in relatively developed areas and distinguished universities. The number of funded excellent/distinguished young scholar projects in digestive disease is small.

Conclusions
With the funding aid from NSFC, the fundamental research in China's digestive disease field has progressed significantly. However, the overall research capacity still need to be further improved. NSFC will continue to fund related research in this field according to its "the 13th Five-Year Plan" .

Key words:
National Natural Science Foundation of China; Digestive diseases; Discipline analysis


Dear Editor, genetic disorder is usually a big problem in medicine since it is diffi cult to manage. There are many genetic diseases around the world.


Public participation in Sweden is something that has grown fourth after the democratisation of the planning process in urban and regional planning. The goal was to strengthen the sustainability of ...


The production of mid-season hybrid rice in southern China is important.Great achievement was made in China on mid-season super hybrid rice breeding in the past ten years owed to right breeding technological route.The paper reviewed the achievement of breeding new parents(or combinations),building breeding technology system and extending the fruits.The problems of lack eurytopic combination,small extending power,lack combinations that having high yield,high quality and high resistance existed in the mid-season super hybrid rice breeding were pointed out.These problems were solved through 3 aspects including widening the genetic base;breeding the eurytopic combination,exploiting the special germ plasm,breeding the combination having the excellent characters and building light-duty cultivation system;strengthening the extension.The conversion research findings,breeding the mid-season super hybrid rice combination having the eurytopic and excellent characters and strengthening the research of the 3th super hybrid rice were discussed.