Motivated by recent astrophysical observations of quasar absorption systems, we formulate a simple theory where the electron to proton mass ratio {mu}=m{sub e}/m{sub p} is allowed to vary in spacetime. In such a minimal theory only the electron mass varies, with {alpha} and m{sub p} kept constant. We find that changes in {mu} will be driven by the electronic energy density after the electron mass threshold is crossed. Particle production in this scenario is negligible. The cosmological constraints imposed by recent astronomical observations are very weak, due to the low mass density in electrons. Unlike in similar theories for spacetime variation of the fine structure constant, the observational constraints on variations in {mu} imposed by the weak equivalence principle are much more stringent constraints than those from quasar spectra. Any time variation in the electron-proton mass ratio must be less than one part in 10{sup 9} since redshifts z{approx_equal}1. This is more than 1000 times smaller than current spectroscopic sensitivities can achieve. Astronomically observable variations in the electron-proton must therefore arise directly from effects induced by varying fine structure 'constant' or by processes associated with internal proton structure. We also place a new upper bound of 2x10{sup -8} on anymore » large-scale spatial variation of {mu} that is compatible with the isotropy of the microwave background radiation. It is of course possible to bypass these constraints with the addition of a suitable potential to the dynamics.« less


In the development of the equations of motion of a rigid multibody system, particularly vehicles, it is quite common to linearize the equations after they are derived, or even to ignore the non-linear terms from the outset. When doing so, the tangent stiffness matrix, i.e., the stiffness term that results from preload of the system rather than physical flexibility, is often ignored. The motion analysis of preloaded mechanical systems, e.g., the ride quality analysis of vehicle suspensions, may be significantly altered by this omission. Explicit expressions for the tangent stiffness matrix for a few of the common constraint types, including the revolute joint and the rolling wheel, are derived in this article. These expressions are coded into software and included in an open-source linear equation of motion generator for rigid multibody systems. A sample automotive suspension system is analysed, comparing the results with and without the tangent stiffness matrix effects; additionally, a benchmark solution is developed using a commercial multibody dynamics code. The results provide confirmation of the significance of the tangent stiffness effect on motion analysis and correlate well with non-linear transient solutions.


From the Publisher:
Clearly explains the methods of graphic illustration, emphasizing the principles of good design. Covers the complete range of illustration types such as symbols, photos, lists and tables, maps, color, depth, change, solidity and more. Each chapter includes practice exercises, design rules of thumb, abundant software user documentation examples and detailed reading lists.


The contribution at hand proposes an approach for designing learning and knowledge spaces in respect of occupational safety and health with the aid of visual structure interfaces (VSI). The focus is on the development of strategies and components that support and improve on-the-job training concerning safety and health at the workplace as well as teaching and learning in the educational system. As a knowledge generation tool we introduce the PIMEX (PIcture-MixEXposure) method for visualising workplace hazards. Derived knowledge is structured by means of VSI using a simple graphical user interface. Starting from the centre of a knowledge structure associated information is connected using self-describing relations. VSI represent specific safety and health topics, are easily expandable, and provide the content for training and instruction (e.g. on the basis of e-learning units composed of thematically related VSI). Applying visual structure interfaces for safety and health issues is expected to increase employees' awareness of work-related hazards to health and facilitate the assessment of potential risks.


Support vector machine method is based on the principle of structural risk minimization and suitable for sample,nonlinearity and local minimum by Kernel function processing technology.It overcomes the limitation of convectional statistical method,compromises the comm onality and popularization of model on the basis of limited samples and solves the problems of learning performance and popularization effectively with higher prediction accuracy.The reservoir parameters is predicted by support vector machine,the prediction result is correlated and compared with Bp neural network.Practice suggests that the support vector machine is better and is worthy to be popularized..


A limiting law theory for the interpretation of light scattering photon correlation measurements in a dispersion of charged spherical particles is developed through the use of a cluster expansion technique. The methods used allow one to include the effects of the counter-ions in a more fundamental way than has been previously done; it is found that these do not contribute in any significant way to the limiting law results. For values of the scattering vector usually considered, only autocorrelation effects are important.


India has a very well established tax structure with clear demarcation between Central Government and State Government. Generally Central Government levy various taxes on income except agricultural income of people of India. (State Government can levy tax on agricultural income). Among various direct taxes, income tax is calculated on the gross total income of the assesse. For the relief and incentive to the assesse for achieving some economic objectives, some permissible amount is deducted from the gross total income of the assesse. For this, certain deductions are allowed under Chapter VIA from Section 80C to 80U. This paper contains the list and calculations of such deductions.


The most intractable public problems can be resolved only with the engagement of broad-based cross-sector coalitions. On university campuses, interdisciplinary coalitions are formed in recognition that one discipline alone cannot address a systemic challenge. Collective impact (Kania & Kramer, 2011, 2013) has emerged as a collaborative community-based approach to addressing entrenched, complex issues and may extrapolate well to community–campus engagement. This article explores the intersection of university and community approaches to addressing complex issues through coalition-based strategies, in particular the emerging role of community engagement professionals in leading change. Next-generation community engagement professionals play a key role in convening, facilitating, and leading campus–community coalitions to solve complex public problems. The preliminary competency model for community engagement professionals (Dostilio et al., 2017) includes cultivating the conditions for change as a core theme, including the convening of collaborative groups in the context of the interdisciplinary, cross-sector environment typical at the nexus of campuses and communities.


Dear Editor, The aetiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps is debated. Theories advanced over the years including allergy, infection, inflammation and variations in the anatomy of the mid-face. The vain hope is that a universal theory of causation will be produced. Two current hypotheses are fungal hypersensitivity and superantigen-induced inflammation. Both implicate the effect of a microorganism on the eosinophilic inflammation. Koch's four postulates remain a useful benchmark in judging whether there is a relationship between a particular microorganism and a clinical syndrome. However, their usefulness is limited by the various factors. A microorganism that is usually part of the normal flora or is common in the environment may become pathogenic in certain conditions. Some microorganisms that are part of the normal flora acquire extra virulence making them pathogenic. Some microorganisms that are part of the normal flora can cause disease if they gain access to deep tissues. Unusual infections occur when patients are immunocompromised. Certain pathogenic microorganisms will produce a subclinical infection. Some microorganisms are very difficult to culture and so identify. All microorganisms may be classified by their morphology, staining properties, cultural requirements, toxins and finally, gene analysis. The classification of fungi is complex and includes six phyla. Five of these can be pathogenic to man. Ascomycota has three classes, which are further subdivided into families, then genus and finally species. Aspergillus species grow universally in rotting material. They may become pathogenic to man in certain conditions. Four types of fungal disease are recognized in the chest and may be applicable to the nose. These are primary invasive disease, secondary invasive disease, secondary non-invasive disease and an allergic disease. A few patients in the UK have fungal sinusitis and some of these are allergic in origin. The majority of patients with nasal polyps have negative skin test to fungal allergens. Does a local allergy or some other infection occur in the nose? A recent editorial in Clinical and Experimental Allergy explored the proposed relationship between fungal infection, allergy to fungi and chronic recurrent nasal polyps. Another article in Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology explored that between bacterial superantigens and inflammation in nasal polyps. While some clinicians are skeptical of the evidence, both hypotheses require explantation.


AIMS AND METHOD

To analyse violent and threatening behaviour occurring within an in-patient service. We surveyed recorded incidents over a 6-month period.

RESULTS

Ninety-six incidents were recorded. The patients involved were assessed as being aware of their actions. Police were contacted in five cases. No charges were pressed.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

We believe that violence and threatening behaviours are excessively tolerated in learning disability units. Reasons for this include a staff culture of accepting offending behaviour and an unwillingness or inability to involve the police.


I. INTRODUCTION In the Anglo-American legal tradition, there are ideas that the common law restrains governmental power, that common law reasoning influences constitutional arguments, and that common law rights are incorporated into a constitution. We can call these ideas "common law constitutionalism." (1) For instance, when Sir Edward Coke (Coke) rebutted absolute monarchy in seventeenth century England, he thought that even a king or the British Parliament could not arbitrarily overrule the common law. He said, as a judge in the Court of Common Pleas, that "when an Act of Parliament is against Common right and reason, or repugnant, or impossible to be performed, the Common Law will controll [sic] it, and adjudge such Act to be void. ..." (2) From then on, common law lawyers have thought that the common law is reason accumulated since time immemorial. (3) Many generations have made the common law over hundreds of years; therefore, lawyers consider the common law to be their collective wisdom. (4) Common law constitutionalism tends to think of the common law rights as fundamental; as a result, jurists believe that common law rights and constitutional rights are deeply related. This type of constitutionalism assumes constitutional rights are derived from the common law. (5) Furthermore, reasoning in constitutional cases is also derived from common law reasoning. (6) Common law constitutionalism has various aspects. In this Article, however, I would like to define common law constitutionalism as follows, and I will use the term only in this way. According to common law constitutionalism, the long-accumulated wisdom of lawyers, which is mainly derived from ordinary civil and criminal cases, acquires constitutional status even if it is not explicitly enumerated in a written constitution. It is not based on temporal wisdom but based on long-accumulated wisdom. (7) It appraises lawyers' professional knowledge, not laymen's will. (8) Common law constitutionalism is derived from ordinary civil and criminal cases, not from constitutional cases, in its narrowest sense. (9) Moreover, a textual basis in a written constitution is not important. Common law constitutionalism assumes that such long-accumulated professional wisdom acquires constitutional status, which means that it can be used in judicial review or it can restrain arbitrary governmental power. It is easy to suppose that common law constitutionalism can only exist based on the long-established common law tradition in Anglo-American countries. This Article argues, however, that a similar conception exists in Japan, a typical civil law country. Lawyers respect the legal wisdom accumulated through long time practice even in a civil law country. Such wisdom tends to be incorporated into constitutional principles. Common law countries do not monopolize the basic idea of common law constitutionalism. The purpose of this Article is to introduce constitutional practice of and constitutional cases from Japan and then analyze them from the perspective of their resemblance to common law constitutionalism. So far, previous American and Japanese studies have not analyzed them from this perspective; therefore, this Article contributes to a new understanding of Japanese constitutional law and comparative law. Furthermore, this Article reveals that the civil law and the common law traditions are not as different as we usually assume. Part II of this Article examines the conception of a constitutional right in common law constitutionalism mainly by using historical sources. From seventeenth century England to nineteenth century America, the common law and a constitution had a deep relationship. Anglo-American lawyers thought that the common law could restrain governmental power and the common law had constitutional importance. Part iii considers Japanese constitutional cases following the principles of common law constitutionalism. For instance, it discusses cases in which the Supreme Court of Japan seemed to think that long-established rights embedded in basic legal practice are worth constitutional protection. …


Nitrogen transformations in soil-plant system after herbicide application Herbicide adoption might modify nitrogen dynamics in agroecossystems and, for consequence, nutrient availability for plants and microorganisms. These modifications may occur because of plant physiologic changes and/or due to herbicide effects on activity and composition of soil microbial community, which has important functions on system N modifications. In this context, thesis was developed with the following objectives: 1Evaluating nitrogen losses in soilplant system, with no distinction to exit ways, after herbicide application in Pennicetum glaucum, Avena strigosa and Brachiaria ruziziensis; 2 – Evaluating NH4 + plant concentration, NH3 emission by leaves and soil NH3 volatilization after herbicide application in B. decumbens; 3Evaluating nitrogen compounds exudation by B. decumbens after the application of the herbicides glyphosate, ammonium-glufosinate or paraquat; and 4Evaluating nitrogen mineralization of P. glaucum e B. decumbens straw previously desiccated with herbicides and N-straw usefulness by corn plants. Glyphosate increased NH4 + concentration in plants of B. decumbens and, by consequence, NH3 leaf emission in two plant species of Brachiaria genus. Ammonia volatilization from soil was not affected by application of the herbicide glyphosate. Nitrogen losses of the soil-plant system were larger after glyphosate and ammonium-glufosinate application on P. glaucum, B. decumbens and B. ruziziensis. However, for A. strigosa, the losses were not affected by herbicide application. The herbicides glyphosate and ammonium-glufosinate modified species N partition, reducing N amount in leaves. System nitrogen losses and N plant partition were not affected by the herbicide paraquat, applied on B. ruziziensis and A. strigosa. Nitrogen compounds exudation was higher after application of the herbicides glyphosate, ammonium-glufosinate or paraquat on B. decumbens. Nitrogen mineralization from crop residues of P. glaucum e A. strigosa was reduced by crop desiccation with the herbicides glyphosate and ammonium-glufosinate, being observed smaller N-fertilizer amount in corn grown in soil with straw of these covering crops. Thus, kernel dry mass and whole plant dry mass were not affected by herbicide application for P. glaucum e A. strigosa desiccation. Microbial biomass carbon and ammonium-nitrate conversion were smaller in soil covered with P. glaucum straw previously desiccated with herbicides when compared to the check. Based on the results reached in this thesis, one could conclude that glyphosate, ammonium-glufosinate and paraquat may affect nitrogen dynamics at agroecossystems, reducing N availability for crops. These results indicate the necessity for developing new researches, aiming to know the real magnitude of the impacts caused by herbicides in the processes of nitrogen cycle. The information obtained in the work and in future researches related to the theme might be useful for creating management strategies that increase N crop usefulness and reduce environmental impact caused by herbicide and fertilizer adoption.


(1964). Some Sociopsychological Observations in a Nudist Camp: A Preliminary Study. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 307-323.


We calculate the production cross sections for kaons and {pi} mesons in a new hadronic fireball model, which includes all hadrons of masses below 1.3 GeV. We find that we are able to reproduce the increase in the {ital K}/{pi} ratios in nucleus-nucleus collisions as compared to proton-nucleus collisions, which was experimentally observed by the E802 Collaboration at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In addition, we predict an isospin effect to be visible in these ratios.


Green policies have been developed because of enabling recycling by reducing the usage of resources like energy, manpower, etc. In this article, a visual dynamic approach for determining depots' location and routing problem for technical services of white goods is examined regarding minimising the fuel consumption and depot opening and running costs. The problem is modelled under green logistic perspectives, considering the lowest fuel consumption and minimum carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. A new approach based on 'cluster first route second' strategy is proposed. Firstly, the cluster problem is solved using green p-median model to determine depots' location and its covered cities with considering depot opening and running costs and CO2 consumption costs between cities. Secondly, the vehicle routing problem is solved using a MILP while minimising the shortest route and CO2 emission among a depot and covered cities. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated with employing different policies within a visual dynamic system, which was developed to allow users to create and discuss alternative routes by using their cost and demand data.


Precipitation and wet atmospheric deposition patterns were investigated for Colorado for the hydrologic year 1985. Above average precipitation for the year probably gave rise to higher than average deposition of sulfates and nitrates but this potential varied by season across the state and was higher at higher elevations. Average weekly concentrations of nitrates and sulfates were greatest during spring and summer and the average weekly pH of precipitation was lowest during the fall. Usually, average nitrate and sulfate concentrations decreased with increasing elevation while precipitation pH became more acidic with elevation. There was no clear pattern between acid concentration and increasing precipitation and elevation but precipitation pH decreased with increasing precipitation. Trajectory analysis suggested that important sources of acid precursors existed to the southwest of the state in 1985, but that areas to the northwest, west, and south, and regions within the state itself, are also likely sources.


Errata slip pasted down on p. [3].
LC copy imperfect: cover and t.p. wanting.
With: Argument of William H. Seward, in defence of William Freeman, on his trial for murder, at Auburn, July 21st and 22d, 1846. Auburn, N.Y. : H. Oliphant, printer, 1846. Bound together subsequent to publication.
Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Web site.


Context has a significant impact on the relative success of efforts to innovate in the classroom. Thus, it is important to understand the role of school leaders as both gatekeepers and facilitators within their specific context.


In this paper,we consider the problem of obtaining a robust credible set Gamma distribution on the assumption that the prior distribution is in a conjugate prior class.Under the 0-1 loss function,the optimal robustA-posterior credible set is given.


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease that is associated with vascular complications. Treatment of diabetes complications are expensive and it is much more expensive than the treatment for the disease itself. However, most of these vascular complications can be prevented with good glycaemic control and to achieve this, compliance to medication is essential. Similar to most of the other chronic diseases, drug compliance has been poor among patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the level of drug compliance and the factors that influence the drug compliance among Sri Lankan patients with diabetes. Method: Three sets of patients were recruited from three different clinical settings, the diabetes clinic, the medical clinics and the general practitioner clinics in the community. Data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Results: There were 247 patients recruited for the study and majority were females (80.2%). The majority (79.4%) attended the clinics regularly. However, a good compliance to medication was seen in 38.4% of patients. The large number of tablets that they need to swallow, fear of side effects with long-term drug intake and unclear instructions are the main reasons for poor drug compliance among our patients. Conclusions: Similar to most of the previously done studies, drug compliance is poor among our patients with diabetes. However, the compliance can be improved by avoiding polypharmacy by using combined pills and with proper patient education regarding drug intake and the side-effects.


The importance of the rise of Operations Research (OR) for the postwar development of economics is a theme entirely absent from both the history of science and the history of economics. This paper explores a number of theses which will help to rectify that situation: (1) the existing history of OR, including the landmark paper by Fortun and Schweber (1993), stands in need of revision; (2) the neoclassical tradition in America had encountered some daunting obstacles in the 1930s; (3) the recruitment of a generation of economists into OR during World War II created a possible way out of this impasse; and (4) differences in analytical content of various schools of OR can be mapped on to postwar differences between schools of American neoclassical economics and, in particular, the Chicago School and the Cowles Commission. This narrative constitutes the outline of a thesis that World War II marked the second large-scale incursion of physicists into neoclassical economics.


The next generation, 5G wireless access, is going to support a wide range of new applications and use cases, with the capabilities including very high achievable data rate, very low latency, ultra-high reliability and the possibility to handle extreme device densities. To avoid the costly deployment, operation and maintenance of future mobile network, Radio Access Network (RAN) virtualization or Cloud RAN is the answer to the problem. The idea is to move the baseband processing to the data center and run the RAN L1, L2 and L3 protocol layers using the commodity hardware, such as high-performance general purpose processors. An open source software-based LTE implementation, such as OpenAirInterface (OAI), is definitely accelerating the RAN cloudization and also realizing the possibility of low cost LTE network deployment in the future. In this paper, we describe the OAI LTE implementation emphasizing on the user plane data flow. We have successfully emulated over-the-air transmission for 1 UE and 1 eNB LTE network supporting both FDD Band 5 and TDD Band 38. We have also performed a thorough profiling of OAI, in terms of execution time, on the user plane data flow. Our results could be served as the reference for future optimization by open source community.


In this paper, I will propose a classification of analogies based on their internal structure. Selecting the criteria used in that classification first requires discussing the minimal constitutive parts of any analogy. Accordingly, I will discuss the differences between analogy and similarity and between analogy and "synalogy," and I will stress the importance of the analogy of operations and procedures.  Finally, I will set forth a classification of the different types of analogies, which lends itself to a further understanding of the differences between certain modulations of the general idea of analogy, such as archetypes, prototypes, models, simulations, parables, paradigms, canons, maps, thought experiments, myths, utopias, dystopias and fables.


Although binocular rivalry has been examined thoroughly in young adults, we know relatively little about its developmental trajectory. To address this issue, we created a child-friendly task, in which we presented pairs of orthogonal, oblique sine wave gratings to 7-, 9-, 11-year-olds, and young adults (mean = 21.25 years). Stimulus size (diameter = 1.4 or 4.4) and contrast level (0.2 or 0.8), factors with well-known effects on rivalry in young adults, varied across trials. On each trial, participants recorded their alternations among percepts (each of the two exclusive, mixed, and fading/other) with a handheld button box. To measure accuracy of reported percepts, we intermixed pseudo-rivalry with experimental trials. For experimental trials, dependent measures included the average duration and proportion of time participants reported viewing each type of percept. Children spent a significantly greater proportion of time viewing exclusive percepts and less time viewing mixed percepts compared to young adults, a finding that provides evidence against the prediction of increased mixed percepts in children (Kovacs & Eisenberg, 2005). Sequential patterns of alternations between percepts also varied between children and young adults. For example, the proportion of return transitions increased from childhood to adulthood, specifically for low contrast conditions. Average durations for exclusive percepts did not differ significantly across age groups, contrary to previous reports suggesting faster alternation rates in children (Kovacs & Eisenberg, 2005; Hudak et al., 2011). Average durations for mixed percepts were shorter in children compared to young adults. No differences were observed between 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds for any dependent measure. These are the first reports of several characteristics of binocular rivalry in children, specifically measures of mixed percepts and sequential transitions. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.


In this thesis, I describe uAssign, an assignment system for teaching and assessing command line terminal skills. It allows an instructor to create terminal assignments where students complete a sequence of operations to achieve a goal correctly that can be automatically graded. Assignments can be randomized, and are created to an instructor's specification. uAssign provides a friendly user interface to a Docker container via an in-browser terminal emulator powered by WebSockets. Performance testing and its use in an ongoing course show that it is efficient enough to handle a large number of concurrent users. A survey of students shows significant improvement in terminal skill confidence after using uAssign and provides interesting insight into the preferences and opinions of freshman-level students on the subject of their development workflows and terminal experience.


The purpose of the hereby article is to discuss the essence of impact investment as one of the Socially Responsible Investment strategies and situating her in investment strategies. Moreover, the characteristics of impact investment market environment will be presented. In accordance with the definitions adopted in the subject literature, impact investment represents the form of investment made with the intention to exert influence on measurable changes of social and environmental nature, along with generating financial return, about the results of which the investors (sources of impact capital) should be informed by such investments managers. Impact investment market environment consists of e.g. beneficiaries of social and environmental changes, entities implementing particular tasks within the framework of impact investment, investors, channels of impact capital and forms of finance. Market environment is also made up of e.g. specialized agencies the task of which is both developing and measuring the specific measures of the created changes.


A time fractional diffusion-wave equation with initial-boundary problem in a finite domain in three dimensions(FDWEIBP-3D) is considered.As the order of time derivative changes from 0 to 2,the solution behaviour changes from slow diffusion to classical diffusion to mixed diffusion-wave behaviour.Using separation of variables method,the fundamental solutions of a non-homogeneous time fractional diffusion equation and a non-homogeneous time fractional diffusion-wave equation with initial-boundary problem in three-dimensions are derived,respectively.


We conduct TinyTim modeling of NICMOScamera 2 PSFs to assess limits to the accuracy of PSF subtraction imposed by color dependence , OTA focus breathing, and cold mask wiggling. The results suggest that effects of both cold mask wiggling and focus breathing can be described as a noise in a PSF-subtracted image, well above 20% of the PSF signal in narrow band filters, with a spatial scale of a few pixels. The main effect of the PSF color dependence is adding a systemic component to the PSF subtr acted image. The effect is quite large if the color of the PSF used for subtraction is very different from the image PSF color. It is pronounced in blue, wide filters, like F110W, while in filters like F187W or redder/narrower it is essentially negligible.


Developing its Eastern territories and accelerating its integration into the Asia-Pacific region represent both one of the greatest challenges and opportunities for the current Russian administration. In the context of APEC 2012, this paper suggests that today the Russian Far East exists in a state of dual dependency—reliance on federal development programmes, at the same time as economic relations with surrounding states determine the regions development potential. It also examines the alternative development and strategic partnerships for Russia presented by Japan and China.


Aim: To identify the difference between transfected human ovarian cancer cells with HSV tk gene under the control of hTERT promoter and non transfected cells. Methods: The first step was to select packaging cells with high retrovirus titer by G418 . The human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was transfected with the recombinant retrovirus containing HSV tk gene. Positive clones were identified by RT PCR and then the growth rate, phenotype, and heterotransplantative tumourigenecity were observed, respectively. Results: The positive packaging cells were obtained with the titer of 2×10 3 cfu·ml -1 . 770 bp fragment was amplified by RT PCR from the selected cells. The growth rate and phenotype of transfected cells were almost the same as the wild type cells. The heterotransplantative tumourigenecity and the growth rate of the tumour in nude mice decreased compared with non transfected cells. Conclusion: The heterotransplantative tumourigenecity of transfected human ovarian cancer cells with HSV tk gene under the control of hTERT promoter decreased.


Objective To communicate experiences of clinical pharmacy in primary hospital.Methods Introduce writer's experience of basic hospital in 3 years.Results and Conclusion Clinical pharmacist of basic hospital should correctly understand every work of clinical pharmacy.Insist making the rounds of the wards,although have to complete multiple works.Ensure high quality publication of pharmacy bulletin and excellent teaching about rational administration.Search the most suitable cut-in point for tackling clinical pharmacy in basic hospital.


The isochromatic fringes graphs of smooth blasting and cutting seam blasting of pipe protecting borehole wall were obtained upon dynamic photo-elasticity experiments on both kinds of blasting.Analysis on the graphs show that shock effect can be greatly reduced for the existence of protecting face.The shear stress on smooth blasting of pipe protecting borehole wall between free face and protecting face reaches as high as 3.5 times,while the shear stress on cutting seam blasting of pipe protecting borehole wall between free face and protecting face reaches 1.75 times.Great power formed in free face direction for shaping smooth crack face of blasting and crashing medium,which shows that blasting protecting borehole wall has more effect of protecting borehole wall and congregating energy.


In order to assess the potential hazards to human health and aquatic ecosystem, we examined the mutagenic activity of sewage effluents, river waters, sediments and drinking water collected from the Yodo River system, Japan. We also compared the levels of mutagenic activity with the levels of 2-phenylbenzotriazole (PBTA)-type mutagens formed from corresponding dinitrophenylazo dyes via reduction and subsequent chlorination. We assessed mutagenicity in the O-acetyltransferase-overexpressing frameshift strain YG1024 of Salmonella with S9 mix. Sixty-six samples among 133 adsorbates (50%) obtained by the blue rayon hanging method collected from 1996 to 2005 were classified as extreme mutagenicity with more than 100,000 revertants per g blue rayon equivalent (BRE). The average mutagenicity of both sewage effluents and river waters at sites located below sewage plants was 382,400 revertants per g BRE (n=86), which was 4.4 times as higher than the downstream river waters (87,900 revertants per g BRE, n=47). PBTA-1 was detected in 33 samples among 76 (43%), and PBTA-2 was detected in 66 samples among 76 (87%), however, the concentration of these compounds fluctuated widely among the samples. Average concentrations of PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 were also much higher in sewage effluents and river waters at sites located below sewage plants (n=50, PBTA-1, 24.1 ng/g BRE; PBTA-2, 88.4 ng/g BRE) than they were in downstream river water samples (n=26, PBTA-1; 1.3 ng/g BRE, PBTA-2; 19.7 ng/g BRE). PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 accounted for 6% and 26% on average, respectively, of the total mutagenicity in all samples analyzed. Based on the concentrations of the PBTA-type mutagens and the effluent volume discharged from three sewage plants, we estimated that ~5 kg/year of PBTA- type mutagens including PBTA-1, PBTA-2, PBTA-3, PBTA- 4, PBTA-6, PBTA-7 and PBTA-8, were discharged from three sewage plants into rivers. Further studies showed that these PBTA-type mutagens in river water might not easily accumulate in the river sediment and these PBTA-type mutagens were not detected in drinking water. In the final study, we monitored quantitatively the mutagenic potency of water samples collected at twelve sites, including six sites mentioned above, from the Yodo River system using Sep-Pak C18 cartridge columns and Blue-Chitin columns. The average mutagenic activities recovered by these columns were 10,000 and 5,800 revertants/L. These findings demonstrate that the Yodo River system has been continually and heavily polluted with not only polycyclic planar mutagens, but also by a wide range of chemical mutagens released from sewage plants located along the tributaries for many years.


The invention is directed towards the synthesis and evaluation of release profile from a novel class of PAMAM dendrimers that can emerge as a potential drug carrier for various drug delivery applications.


The invention without the risk of buckling the kaenjae after drawing and ironing forming (curls and wrinkles), and provides a stripper device for a can drawing and ironing apparatus that can be taken out from the molding punch. After configuring to divide by each finger (2) in three small fingers 21, the end of the small axial finger (21) thereby locking the lower portion of the swing arm 3 via the elastic member 24. And, engaging the head portion 33 of the oscillating arm 3 in the cam 42 of the cam ring (4) is configured to drive each finger (2) independently. Each of the oscillating arm 3 is biased in the direction of opening the small fingers 21 by the arm spring 32, the other hand, the small fingers 21 via a direction that is closed by the finger spring 22 it is assumed that the Singh. Stripper device


One of the major and at the same time most critical process step in the production of electric drives is the contacting process. The purpose of this contacting process is to join the stator windings mechanically and electrically with a contact element. An innovative and energy-efficient process is the ultrasonic crimping process, which combines the two process steps of stripping and contacting in one single process. This process is characterized by the transformation of oscillation energy into thermal energy caused by damping. Due to the direct heat generation within the cable lug and the oscillation coupled in, it shows major potentials relating to process stability, the contacting of high-frequency litz wires and anodized conductors. However, some disadvantages like the occasional occurrence of fatigue fractures in the tubular cable lugs and unclear dependencies reducing process reliability have to be investigated. The following paper presents possibilities to further optimize the ultrasonic crimping process and increase the process reliability. In this context, the mounting conditions of the tubular cable lugs are considered. In order to evaluate the obtained results, the electrical and mechanical connection quality of the samples is determined.


We examine the IPO when-issued/conditional market of the London Stock Exchange which has a regulatory setting that is very different from that of other developed markets. Our results show that the decision to have a when-issued market affects the setting of the offer price. For companies that have a conditional trading the actual offer price is £3.4 but would have been £2.03 had these firms not had a when-issued market. So, investors actually pay a 'rent', through a higher offer price, in order to acquire shares of companies that will be traded in the when-issued market. In addition, companies that are larger, less risky, with higher future growth opportunities and underwritten by more reputable underwriters are more likely to have a when-issued market. Furthermore, the when issued market appears to be highly informative for investors and affects the volume in the first day of trading.


We present an entirely analytic model for a preheated, polytropic intergalactic medium in hydrostatic equilibrium within an NFW dark halo potential in which the evolution of the halo structure between major merger events proceeds inside out by accretion. This model is used to explain, within a standard ΛCDM cosmogony, the observed X-ray properties of nearby relaxed, non-cooling flow groups and clusters of galaxies. We find that our preferred solution to the equilibrium equations produces scaling relations in excellent agreement with observations, while simultaneously accounting for the typical structural characteristics of the distribution of the diffuse baryons. In the class of preheating models, ours stands out because it offers a unified description of the intrahalo medium for galaxy systems with total masses above ~2 × 1013 M☉, does not produce baryonic configurations with large isentropic cores, and reproduces faithfully the observed behavior of the gas entropy at large radii. All this is achieved with a moderate level of energy injection of about half a kilo-electron volt, which can be easily accommodated within the limits of the total energy released by the most commonly invoked feedback mechanisms, as well as with a polytropic index of 1.2, consistent with both many observational determinations and predictions from high-resolution gasdynamical simulations of non-cooling flow clusters. More interestingly, our scheme offers a physical motivation for the adoption of this specific value of the polytropic index, as it is the one that best ensures the conservation after halo virialization of the balance between the total specific energies of the gas and dark matter components for the full range of masses investigated.


Research showed that cavity surface degradation of LD was a mainly express in high power semiconductor laser failure.Additionally,the dust in the air and the cavity surface oxidation were main inducement of this failure.In this chapter,a new 180°automatic turnover mechanism was used on both sides of the LD cavity to reduce the exposure time of cavity surface at atmospheric conditions.The process reduced the induced defect natural oxide and non-radiative recombination centers on cavity because of decrease risk for natural oxides and impurities.Results showed that this process could improve 12.56% compared to the conventional experiment on LD extrapolated lifetime,and it also was an effective method on max power of LD.


INTRODUCTION One stage trans-anal endorectal pull through has been accepted as the standard operation for Hirschsprung's disease with the transitional zone located at rectosigmoid colon.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of one stage trans-anal endorectal pull through operation for Hirschsprung's disease. patients CASE DESCRIPTION This is a case report. The clinical data of Hirschsprung's disease patients admitted during the January 1, 2006-December 31, 2009 had been collected via the medical record review including and interview using questionaire at thier visits or by phone. The one stage transanal endorectal pull through had performed for 24 patients. The satisfied results were seen in 21 patients.The obstipations had been corrected for 2 patients with uneventful results. CONCLUSION The one stage transanal endorectal pull through operation for the Hirschsprung's disease patients in Khon Kaen Hospital have a good result.


The economic evaluation of RFID investments has not been sufficiently researched yet. This is particularly the case for the role of indirect costs and intangible benefits. Furthermore, the role of risk has been neglected in existing evaluation approaches. In this paper we present a holistic approach for the economic evaluation of RFID investments - the Extended Performance Analysis (EPA). A supplementing case study shows first empirical evidence for the potential of EPA.


A pneumatic hammer is provided with a handle which is isolated from the body of the tool so that vibrations of a reciprocating hammer are dampened. This is accomplished by a shock absorbing insert located between the handle and reciprocating hammer. The insert includes a rubber cushion member bonded to two steel coupling members, one of which is bolted to the handle and the other which is bolted to the body of the tool. An air passageway extends through the handle and cushion member to reciprocate the hammer. To protect the rubber from deterioration from the oil transported with the pressurized air, a neoprene liner is provided which extends through all of the members and which also as a flange at the remote face of each of the coupling members to provide sealing gaskets thereat.


Administrative punishment is one of the most important ways of enforcing administrative law in the field of market supervision in China. However, at the current stage, the abuse of data access permission and the difficulty in managing timeliness in administrative punishment still remain unresolved, which hinders the legalization and standardization of the administrative punishment system. Inspired by blockchain, which is inherently traceable, tamper-proof, and transparent, we design a system, punishment supervisor (PEATS), which is suitable for administrative punishment and technically overcomes the defects of the traditional administrative punishment procedure. To prevent the abuse of data access permission, we innovatively introduce the authorization control gateway (ACG) to verify the access permission of users based on the records in the market supervision department (MSD) contract. To ensure the timeliness of the administrative punishment procedure, we design a special case contract that has the same status as the general case processing state of administrative punishment to track case progress on the blockchain. We experiment and evaluate PEATS in terms of functionality and performance and find that PEATS provides traceability, transparency, and timeliness assurance. In addition, PEATS has 80.9% of the throughput of a traditional server with no more than an additional 3% latency and at most 60 kB additional storage space per case.


ABSTRACTThe ultra-endurance competitions represent a great chal-lenge in the world of sports. The energetic cost of an ultra-endurance event can vary from 5,000 to 18,000 kcal a day.Because of this great demand, many strategies to improveperformance have been developed during the last years,like the medium-chain triglycerides ( MCT ) supplementa-tion in combination with carbohydrates ( CBO ). The goal of MCT supplementation is to increase the free fatty acids ( FFA )utilization as energy source, sparing the body glycogen tothe end of the competition. When compared to long-chaintriglycerides ( LCT ), MCT are absorbed faster and transport-ed through the body. Besides that, MCT have a speed ofoxidation comparable to CHO , but, since they are lipids,they provide a greater amount of energy when oxidized.Therefore, MCT seem to be the ideal fuel for long-termevents. To conclude, the aim of this revision is to elucidatehow MCT can influence performance in ultra-endurance ex-ercises. Key words: Ultra-endurance exercise. Medium-chain triglycerides.Performance.


Location of the moving object using the phase difference system according to the present invention, a system for tracking a moving object position of the station along a predetermined route, is installed in the mobile body moves to transfer a particular wireless signal radio section, and a distance constant along the lines is provided to the center of the ground radio unit for receiving a wireless signal transmitted from the vehicle radio, a moving object is moving and collecting the mobile wireless signals, and identifies the ground radio unit information from the ground radio unit is located on each side of the operating point of the radio portion and, by searching for the group receiving the identification information radio signals and a terrestrial radio section of the mobile stored route database through a wired or wireless communication network from a central radio unit, from the radio signal and ground radio unit identification information of the mobile terrestrial radio to the mobile position information of the moving object by using a phase difference between the unit By being configured to include the location tracking unit for calculating, with respect to the moving object to travel a certain route by using the phase difference between the VRS that is attached to the WRS and the moving object, which is provided around the route it can accurately determine the current position of the vehicle.


Steam soak is mainly used to develop super-heavy oil reservoir.With the increase of circulation turns, formation pressure and periodic oil production decrease rapidly, and production effect is poor.This paper builds a theoretical model with integration of geological characteristics of Jiu 7+8 block in Xinjiang.Then by numerical simulation, it analyzes the feasibility to inject nitrogen at late stage of steam soaking and optimizes the key parameters of mixed nitrogen ratio, injection timing, injection mode, injection rate and so on.Simulation results show that average periodic oil production of single well after nitrogen injection increases 6146.9 ton,water cut decreases 15%.To inject nitrogen during steam soaking can improve development effect of super heavy oil reservoirs to a great extent, and provide reference for development of similar difficult-to-produce reserves.


Based on the definintion of 'Power Nation of Sports'by Chinese scholars using the method of literature material,the author analyzed the deficience of Chinese sports according to the gold medal,and pointed out that the sports cultural in China is insufficient c comparing to the actual power nation,and discussed how to transfer from the power nation of competitve spors to the power nation of spors from the angle of matirial,regime and spirtit culture.


The present investigation was carried out at Nova Clínica Santa Anita of the City of Santo Domingo between years 2016 and 2017. It was verified that the institution has different sections for the health care, being the primary care the one of greater affluence of patients. For the diagnosis of this problem the techniques of research observation and documentary review were used. Statistical processing of the diagnostic results allowed us to recognize that the mean number of patients attended per day was 24 and were therefore used as a reference for the study. Patients treated show dissatisfaction with the delay in the creation of the record of the clinical history by being taken manually this in turn delays the care that this should receive by the specialized health professionals. This problem limits the smooth communication between the area and the laboratories that sometimes do not perform the tests for loss of applications or for illegibility of the requirements. As an alternative solution is developed a computer system desktop environment that aligned to national and international standards facilitates the digitization process of creating medical records of the patient and facilitates the management of clinical information of the same that is generated in the area of care primary. The proposal would determine that the use of the computer system streamlines the healthcare process, generates a high level of patient satisfaction and a considerable economic impact.


Neutron scattering experiments, combined with selective isotopic labeling and contrast matching, allow in situ shape and distance information about selected particles in a macromolecular complex to be obtained. However, the observed intensities can be distorted by intercomplex interference and by scattering-length-density fluctuations of the (otherwise) contrast-matched matrix. Two methods by which such distortion can be eliminated have been proposed [Hoppe (1973). J. Mol. Biol. 78, 581–585; Pavlov & Serdyuk (1987). J. Appl. Cryst. 20, 105–110] and effectively used for globular particles in solution. A third method, a statistical labeling method, has also been proposed for measuring distances between two identical particles in complexes in solution [Kneale, Baldwin & Bradbury (1977). Q. Rev. Biophys. 10, 485–527]. In the present work, it is shown that this method can be generalized. With reliance in part on this generalization, it is then shown that all of the methods can be generalized to apply to ordered systems having any number of labeled particles. For macromolecular complexes having underlying order but no net orientation, the same distance or shape information can be obtained as with systems having no underlying order. The feasibility of measurements using the statistical labeling method on such an ordered system was demonstrated experimentally. If ordered complexes are oriented, orientational as well as distance or shape information can be obtained about the labeled particles. Possible applications to X-ray crystallography are also discussed.


Using two‐photon scanning laser microscopy, we investigated the effect of an Allium sativum (garlic) constituent, diallyl disulphide (DADS), on key physiological functions of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. A short 30 min exposure to 0.5 mM DADS followed by removal induced 70% cell death (50% necrotic, 20% apoptotic) within 2 h, increasing to 75% after 4 h. The early intracellular events associated with DADS‐induced cell death were monitored with two‐photon fluorescence microscopy to track mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADH or reduced glutathione (GSH) under aerobic conditions. DADS treatment decreased intracellular GSH and elevated intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, DADS induced a marked decrease of Δψm and lowered respiration in cell suspensions and isolated mitochondria. In vitro kinetic experiments in cell‐free extracts suggest that glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) is one of the intracellular targets of DADS. Additional targets were also identified, including inhibition of a site or sites between complexes II–IV in the electron transport chain, as well as the mitochondrial ATP‐synthase. The results indicate that DADS is an effective antifungal agent able to trigger cell death in Candida, most probably by eliciting oxidative stress as a consequence of thiol depletion and impaired mitochondrial function. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


and acute EAE mice with various degrees of VA impairments (n=15). (a) Cell %, (b) edema %, and (c) inflammation % all negatively linearly correlated with mouse VA. DBSI-based inflammation in optic nerves correlated strongly (R = 0.80) with mouse VA, suggesting inflammation is a predominant factor leading to visual function impairment in acute EAE. Fig. 1 A representative in vivo transverse view diffusion-weighted image of a control mouse brain with optic nerves highlighted (A). Representative DBSI maps of control and EAE optic nerve demonstrating the extent of optic nerve inflammation are presented with color-coded intensity (B).


The Aramaic text of the Astronomical Book began, so far as is known, with a calendar of the phases of the moon in which the movements of the moon are synchronized with those of the sun.1 The calendar is attested by the fragments of two of the four manuscripts of the Astronomical Book (4Q208, 4Q209 [4QEnastra ar, 4QEnastrb ar]), but whereas the fragments of 4Q208 belong only to the synchronistic calendar, some of the fragments of 4Q209 correspond to parts of chapters 76–79 and 82 of the Ethiopic version. The synchronistic calendar does not appear in the Ethiopic, although it is perhaps summarized in 73:4–8 and 74:3–9,2 but on the other hand, the fragments of 4Q208 and 4Q209 do not contain any material that might have formed an introduction to the synchronistic calendar. Józef Milik suggested that the oldest form of the Astronomical Book might be represented by 4Q208, which dates from the end of the third or the beginning of the second century B.C.E., and might have consisted only of a broad introduction, approximately equivalent to chapter 72 of the Ethiopic, and of the synchronistic calendar.3 But, in the light of the evidence of 4Q208, it might further be wondered whether the synchronistic calendar originally had any connection at all with the fi gure of Enoch and with the Enochic


This paper provides an analysis of legal education in Pakistan with that of the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), and Australia. The main objective of the study was focused on examining the similarities and variations in curriculum, teaching strategies, faculty credentials, assessment and evaluation, professional training certification, and continuing education. The study found that legal education in Pakistan places more emphasis on theoretical knowledge, with limited opportunities for practical training, while legal education in the UK, US, and Australia places a strong emphasis on practical training, critical thinking, and professional development. The paper emphasises the value of practical training and professional development in legal education therefore it is recommended that Pakistan's legal education system could benefit from incorporating these elements into its curriculum to prepare graduates in the field of social sciences for legal practices in Pakistan and internationally.


Access to and understanding one's medical history is crucial to maintaining long-term care. As adolescents and young adults childhood cancer survivors age, they must transition and transfer their health care from their pediatric to an adult care institution. In this study, we provide empirical evidence reporting on the after-cancer treatment experiences of childhood cancer survivors through their transition. We report findings from 24 semi-structured interviews with adolescent and young adult cancer survivors participating in a childhood cancer survivorship program that prepares them for adult care. Our findings reveal three parts of their after-cancer treatment experience: the assumption of responsibility for their complex care needs and medical information and the overall transfer and maintenance of the continuity of their care to an adult clinician. Our findings suggest that survivors may play an essential yet unrecognized role in the patient hand-off. Thus, we introduce patient-mediate handoffs and suggest design opportunities.


The production of the three pions in carbon via I=0 exchange has been studied using the process pi /sup -/C yields pi /sup +/ pi /sup -/ pi /sup -/C/ sup */, where C/sup */ is the I=0, J/sup P/=2+ excited state of the carbon nucleus at 4.44 MeV. Preliminary results on the 3 pi mass distribution, the t distribution, and the spin and parity states within the 3 pi system are reported. (auth)


The divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium complexes (E,E)-[{(P i Pr3)2(CO)ClRu}2(I-HCdCHC6H4CHd CH-1,3)] (m-2) and (E,E)-[{(P i Pr3)2(CO)ClRu}2(I-HCdCHC6H4CHdCH-1,4)] (p-2) have been prepared and compared to their PPh3-containing analogues m-1 and p-1. The higher electron density at the metal atoms increases the contribution of the metal end groups to the bridge-dominated occupied frontier orbitals and stabilizes the various oxidized forms with respect to those of m-1 and p-1. This has been confirmed and quantified electrochemically, because the two reversible oxidation waves were observed at considerably lower potentials than for the PPh3 complexes. Owing to their greater stability, the one- and two-electronoxidized forms m-2 n+ and p-2 n+ of both complexes could be generated and spectroscopically characterized inside an optically transparent thin layer electrolysis cell. UV/vis/near-IR and ESR spectroelectrochemistry indicates that the oxidation processes are centered at the organic bridging ligand. U-Bonded divinylphenylenes thus constitute an unusual class of "noninnocent" ligands for organometallic compounds. Electronic transitions observed for the mono- and dioxidized forms closely resemble those of donorsubstituted phenylenevinylene compounds, including oligo(phenylenevinylenes) (OPVs) and poly(phenylenevinylene) (PPV) in the respective oxidation states. Strong ESR signals and nearly isotropic g tensors are observed for the monocations in fluid and frozen solutions. The metal contribution to the redox orbitals is illustrated by a shift of the CO stretching bands to notably higher energies upon stepwise oxidation. The shifts strongly exceed those observed for the PPh3 containing, six-coordinated species (E,E)-[{(PPh3)2(CO)Cl(L)Ru}2(I-HCdCHC6H4CHdCH)] n+ (L ) substituted pyridine). IR spectroelectrochemistry reveals the presence of two electronically different transition-metal moieties in m-2 + , while they resemble each other more closely in p-2 + . Differences in electronic coupling are illustrated by the charge distribution parameters calculated from the spectra. Bulk electrolysis experiments confirm the results from the in situ spectroelectrochemistry and the overall stoichiometry of the redox processes. Quantum-chemical calculations were performed in order to provide insight into the nature and composition of the frontier orbitals. The electronic transitions observed for the neutral forms were assigned by TD DFT. IR frequencies calculated for m-2 and p-2 in their various oxidation states retrace the experimental observations. They fail, however, in the case of m-2 + , where a symmetrical structure is calculated, as opposed to the distinctly asymmetric electron distribution observed by IR spectroscopy. Geometryoptimized structures were calculated for all accessible oxidation states. The structural changes following stepwise oxidation agree well with the experimental findings: e.g., a successive low-energy shift of the CdC stretching vibration of the bridge. The radical cation m-2 + displays a broad composite electronic absorption band at low energy that extends into the mid-IR region.


The combination of different congenital heart defects like Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus
(PDA) associated with rheumatic mitral stenosis are rare to find. A 25 years old female was suffering with dyspnoea on
exertion of NYHA grade II-III and easy fatigability since about 2 to 3 years which was progressively worsening. Her
weight was falling and general condition was deteriorating. 2D Echo showed Severe Mitral stenosis and ventricular
septal defect. Hospital based studies have found that co -occurance of at birth heart disease and presence of RHD is a
rare phenomenon1, This case highlights the importance of consideration of coexistence of acquired and congenital
cardiac malformations in the same patient. So a high index of suspicion is necessary with detail work up and evaluation of
all such patients.This can surely prevent further morbidity in these patients.


During deep brain stimulation DBS treatment of Parkinson disease, the target of the surgery is the subthalamic nucleus STN. This anatomical structure is small 9×7×4 mm and poorly visible using Computer Tomography CT or Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI scans.Because of that, a multi-electrode micro recording system is used intra surgically for better localization of the target nucleus. This paper presents five different analytical methods, that can be used to construct an autonomic system which can aid neurosurgeons in precise localization of the $Subthalamic\;Nucleus$ STN. Such system could be used during surgery in the environment of the operation theater. Described methods take as input signals recorded from the micro electrodes. Their result in turn allows one to tell which from the recorded signals comes from the STN. First method bases on the recorded action potentials, i.e. on electrical activity of neurons that are near electrode's recording tip. Second utilizes root mean square of recorded signals. Third takes into account amplitude of the background noise present in the recorded signal. The last two methods examine Low Frequency Background LFB and High Frequency Background HFB.


Ferroelectric nanostructures have been fabricated by self-assembly, using the high temperature instability of ultra thin films. Lead zirconate titatnate (PZT) structures, as small as 20 nm lateral size with a height of 9 nm, have been fabricated on (100) SrTiO3 substrates. The shapes and sizes of the ferroelectric structures could be tuned within a small range by varying the initial thickness of the as deposited film and crystallisation annealing. Introduction of intentional defect sites prior to the crystallisation treatment had a pronounced effect on the shape and size of the final nanostructures. The ferroelectric switching of individual nanoislands of 50 nm lateral size and 25 nm height islands was shown by piezoresponse AFM.


The article considers the hydro chemical features of the North Ossetian artesian basin and the changes in its qualitative characteristics over the past 30 years. An increase in the rigidity and, accordingly, mineralization of groundwater in the southeastern part of the Ossetian artesian basin, which occurs against the intensive production background, both directly from the basin and beyond it in the nutrition zone of the aquifer complex is noted. The tendency to increase the rigidity and mineralization of groundwater in the Industrial zone of the Vladikavkaz city has been recorded since 1991, and goes on up to this day. The main version of aquifer pollution is justified by the presence of industrial waste from the plants of "Electrozinc" OJSC and "Pobedit" OJSC, as well as an intensive underground water production from the southeastern part of the North Ossetian artesian basin - about 50 production wells with a capacity of about 1000 m3 / day. Among the many conditions and factors affecting the water chemical composition formation, one of the most important is the active, in most cases, haphazard exploitation of aquifers both within the territory under consideration, in the north-eastern part of the city of Vladikavkaz, as well as outside it, where the recharge comes from the mining level.


In order to achieve the goals of "emission peak" and "carbon neutrality", this paper proposes a collaborative optimization method of renewable energy and energy storage capacity for the construction of carbon-free county distribution networks, considering the complementary characteristics of wind and solar energy. Considering the uncertainty of renewable energy output, a multi-scenario collaborative stochastic optimization model of renewable energy and energy storage planning is established with the zero-carbon vision of county distribution network. Aiming at maximizing the net benefit of the wind-solar-storage configuration in a zero-carbon energy supply county system, the model optimizes the proportion structure of wind and solar energy sources as well as the corresponding energy storage capacity, taking the zero-carbon emission constraints into account. For solving the problem, the collaborative optimization model is converted into a mixed-integer linear programming model. Focusing on a county distribution grid in northern China, the impact of energy storage configuration and cascade utilization on the capacity configuration of various resources and the economic performance of the investment scheme in the zero-carbon wind-solar-storage energy supply system are analyzed respectively in case studies.


Spatial domain multiplexing (SDM) increases optical fiber bandwidth by allowing co-propagation of spatially separated channels of same wavelength and adds additional degrees of freedom. Experimental attenuation and dispersion are reported for a typical SDM system.


2014 The coercive force of an infinite ferromagnetic cylinder is calculated as a function of the radius and of the inclination of the axis to the applied field. For this calculation it is assumed that only curling and rotation in unison take place ; and that whenever the curling is associated with a discontinuous jump, the magnetization is brought to the lower energy state given by Stoner and Wohlfarth. Using the same assumptions, the rotational hysteresis loss and integral are calculated both for an aligned and for a random assembly of cylinders. The results are found to be in fair agreement with the measurements of Jacobs and Luborsky on elongated ferromagnetic particles. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ET LE RADIUM TOME 20, FÉVRIER-MARS 1959, Recently, a new theory of magnetization changes in ferromagnetic particles was developed [11, [2], [3] and was used to calculate the hystérésis curve of an infinite ferromagnetic cylinder whose axis is parallel to the applied field [4], [5]. In the following the former calculations are extended to the case in which the cylinder is not parallel to the field. The dependence of the coercive force on the angle between the cylinder and the applied field and the rotational hysteresis loss are evaluated and found to be in rough agreement with results of experiments made by Jacobs and Luborsky [6] on elongated ferromagnetic fine particles. The nucleation field. Consider the descending hysteresis loop of an infinite cylinder inclined at an angle il to the applied field. Up to a certain negative field the nucleation field the magnetization changes reversibly by rotation in unison in accordance with the calculations of Stoner and Wohlfarth [7]. Following Brown [2] it can be shown that, neglecting the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, this nucleation field, Htn, is the least eigenvalue Ht of the set of equations


The biaxial elastic constants and viscosity between 100 and 300 °C of amorphous PdSi/PdSiFe multilayered thin films with repeat lengths between 2.0 and 4.9 nm have been determined using substrate curvature measurements. No dependence on repeat length has been seen for either property. Linear increases of the multilayer viscosities with time are observed. An analysis of the viscous flow of multilayers shows that in the present case this regime is reached after a very short transient period.


The primary goal of the study is to design and fabricate a Plant sapling planting robot to facilitate planting on barren land and increase forestation. At present, most of the planting process is done manually by the labours. So, in order to minimize manual effort and to solve the problems related in this field it is essential to have sapling planting robot. We can also adopt innovative methods like these to solve the problem of shortage of labour and efficient reforestation. The scope of the study is such that the problem is general one but the solution to it is a bit specific which along with the consideration of efficient reforestation, it also considers the ergonomics and aesthetics in the design. The main points that were considered while designing stage was calculating the size of the sapling to be planted and weight of the robot. Also, a separate mechanism was developed for carrying and dropping of the saplings. This prototype prepared to bolster this research paper in prepared from a mélange of materials ranging from aluminum sections to parts prepared by rapid prototyping (RP).


Ketamine hydrochloride was given orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg to six domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallapovo). There was no apparent anesthetic effect. The same birds received 500 mg/kg by the same route 1 wk later. All birds became ataxic within 10 min; although some sedation was apparent, they made coordinated escapes when challenged.


Some poxvirus genome of vaccinia subgenus encoded IL-18 binding prolein gene,which could block IL-18 activity but no sequence similarity to membrane IL-18 receptors.The sheep poxvirus genome subgenus also had this gene.A pair of primers spanning the ORF of goat IL-18 binding protein gene in sheep poxvirus genome were designed.This gene was cloned and expressed in E.coliwith pGEX-5X-3 plasmid.After being purified,the recombinant fusion protein could inhibit goat PBMC IFN- production induced by IL-18 in goat PBMC.


Since the 1990s, research on the history of colonial medicine in Taiwan has boomed. This research interest after the long period of neglect that followedWorld War II is in large part due to the political changes and growing freedom on the island. Numerous case studies depicted the Taiwan experience of "colonial modernity," showing how the Taiwanese public health improved under Japanese rule between 1895 and 1945. This has been seen as part of the Japanese colonization effort tomodernize themedical system in Taiwan and can be linked to the "scientific colonialism" referred to in Japanese government propaganda about its colonial policy. InPrescribing Colonization: The Role of Medical Practices and Policies in JapanRuled Taiwan, 1895–1945, Michael Shiyung Liu attempts to integrate the vast scholarship of existing studies in three languages (Chinese, English, and Japanese). Referring to the new research on colonial medicine published in English, he aims to construct an overarching framework for Japanese colonial medicine. Liu formulates three goals in this book: first, to describe the formation and adaptation of Japanese colonial medicine in Taiwan; second, to understand Taiwan's experience in the context of the international exchange ofmedical knowledge; and third, to analyze possible factors that shaped the original blueprint of Japanese colonial medicine in order to reassess the colonial system. Liu attempts to link the discourse of Japanese colonialism to the wave of globalization taking place in the first half of the twentieth century. He thus describes the narrative of Japanese scientific colonial medicine as a legend and seeks to modify theories of howWestern science was passed to non-European regions. Liu sees Japanese colonial medicine as more a "comparative counterpart" than a "copycat" of British colonial medicine, and he argues that its development was closely linked to the Japanese reception of Staatsmedizin in Germany.


Filamins are dimeric actin-binding proteins participating in the organization of the actin-based cytoskeleton. Their modular domain organization is made up of an N-terminal actin-binding domain composed of two CH domains followed by flexible rod regions that consist of 24 Ig-like domains. Homology modeling was used to model human filamin using Modeller 9v5. The resulting model assessed by Verify 3D and PROCHECK showed that the final model is reliable. The conformational disorder prediction of human filamin residues were also mapped on the validated structure of human filamin. Prediction of protein disorder in filamin structures will help understand its role in function.


Ethanol extract of the plant Aristalochia tagala Cham. (Fam: Aristalochiasae) was investigated for antifertility activity in female Wistar rats. Rats treated with the plant extract showed reduction in the number of corpora lutea and implantation sites. The extract exhibited significant activity (72%) on oral administration of 100 mg/kg and 100% activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg.


Despite increasing evidence that identity changes in adulthood do take place, there is little knowledge about what the process of change looks like. We perceive identity change as a change in the organization and rules that underlie identity commitments. Based on script theory (Tomkins, 1995) and on notions about the processes in adult development and clinical theories, we developed a conceptualization of this process. Conflicts are seen as the potential trigger of change. People may react to conflicts with assimilation, withdrawal, or accommodation. Accommodation implies identity change. The process of accommodation consists of increasing exploration and knowledge of oneself. We distinguish different steps in this accommodation process. In a case study, empirical evidence for these steps was found.


This issue of Open Learning engages with key debates in open and distance learning (ODL) over recent decades and provides fresh perspectives and insights from current research. How can ODL provide both mass-produced teaching and learning resources at scale and individualized support which foster independent critical thinking? Is personalized support relevant or possible in all countries of the world? What is the role of interaction and dialogue in distance education and how can it best be encouraged? Open Learning also reintroduces a section on issues for debate which here engages with all these topics. The debate is opened by Peters who argues that the Open University in the UK was, and is, based on a transmission model of teaching and learning. The OU provides pre-packaged learning materials which militate against independent thinking and the kind of personalized learning contract exemplified so well by Empire State College, State University of New York. Empire State's model is not scaleable in comparison with the OU's practice but, according to Peters, is based on more 'progressive' pedagogical theories than those which informed the origins and current thinking of the OU; and he makes a plea for a rethink about the OU's approach to teaching at a distance so that the OU can become more 'person-centred' and more actively promote 'independent learning'. Responses come from different sides of the Atlantic: Thorpe from the OU UK and Moore from Penn State US, who revisit earlier definitions of 'independent' study and learning—most notably those of Wedemeyer (1971) and Morgan (1985)—and discuss pedagogical and structural models informing the development of distance learning in the UK and the US. Thorpe takes issue with Peters' views in three areas: the nature of the OU course resources and curriculum which, she argues, are designed to engage the student in critical thinking; the personalized support from tutors and regional centres which have always been a key feature of the OU system; and new technologies and pedagogies which inform all current OU developments. Moore draws on his knowledge and recollections both of Charles Wedemeyer and of the early years of the OU to illuminate the interconnections between the development of pedagogical thinking in ODL in the US and the UK. Peters accords Wedemeyer considerable influence in the origins of the OU and Moore supports this—but disagrees about the nature of that influence. Moore argues that Wedemeyer was passionately concerned both to open up opportunities for those who had missed out on education and to 'develop in all learners the capacity to carry on self-directed study'. While Wedemeyer noted, as early as 1966, that the 'computer


The effects of technical change on the aggregate rate of profit are unclear. On the one hand, it is argued that laboursaving innovations cause the profit rate to fall. On the other hand, Okishio proved that in an economy where wages are constant and realization problems are assumed away, cost-reducing technical changes must raise the rate of profit. Okishio's theorem presents an important challenge to explanations of industrial and regional restructuring that are premised on the theory of the falling rate of profit. In this paper, Okishio's claims are examined under more general conditions, in particular when wages vary to ensure market clearing. The effects of capital-saving and laboursaving technical changes on the rate of profit are examined. It is shown that Okishio's theorem is not as robust as some have claimed.


JEADV 2006, 20, 341–362 © 2006 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 347 and hypophosphataemia of 0.32 mmol/L (0.90–1.39) were present. The presence of bone metastases could be ruled out by bone scintigraphy. Repeated sonographic examinations of the thyroid did not reveal any evidence of an adenoma of the parathyroid glands, but a 25-times-elevated parathormone-related peptide level was found subsequently in the blood. Thyroid function tests, alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D levels were within normal range. The tumour itself was inoperable and radiation therapy was chosen instead, but did not lead to tumour regression. Despite intensive treatment with bi-phosphonates, calcitonin and forced diuresis, the hypercalcaemia could only be slightly reduced and the patient subsequently developed the typical symptoms of hyperparathyroidism with vomiting, reduced neuromuscular excitation, muscle weakness, apathy, pancreatitis, arrhythmia and polyuria. Intermittent haemodialysis was given, but the patient died 8 weeks after the first detection of hypercalcaemia from renal failure. Frequent causes of hypercalcaemia are primary hyperparathyroidism and malignant tumours. Affections of calcium metabolism are often found in patients with later stages of breast cancer, lung cancer or multiple myeloma. In 70–80% of tumour patients the cause of hypercalcaemia are bone metastases. The incidence of hypercalcaemia and melanoma was found to be 1.1% in the patients treated in the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), with 83% being caused by bone metastases and 17% being caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. More rarely, other forms of humoral genesis such as the production of bone-dissolving mediators by the tumour cells such as prostaglandins or osteoclast-activating factors (OAF) in multiple myelomas or Burkitt lymphomas can be found as pathogenetic factors. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma are sometimes found to develop hypercalcaemia as a result of production of parathormone-like peptides by keratinocytes. Such peptides can bind to receptors for parathormone and can therefore exhibit PTH-like actions as being evident by affection of calcium metabolism. In our patient, the proliferating melanoma cells were the most likely source for the parathormone-like peptides with the subsequent hypercalcaemia. Accordingly, melanoma cells have been shown to be able to secrete PTHrP although the condition described here is very rare with only three other reports in metastatic melanoma published in the literature, we suggest that in patients with hypercalcaemia and absent bone metastases or primary hyperparathyroidism, one should include this possibility in the differential diagnosis. PTHrP is now well established as the major, if not the sole mediator of the humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. It is possible that tumour reductive surgery could lead to normalization of calcium homeostasis. U Trefzer,* K Pelzer, MA Hofmann, W Sterry Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Uni Berlin, Berlin, Germany, *Corresponding author, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Uni Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20–21, 10117 Berlin, Germany, tel. +49-30-450-518016; fax +49-30-450-518907; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Based on the theory of variable fuzzy sets,the model and method of variable fuzzy optimization are established.The method is applied to the joint operation scheme optimization of Songshan and Xiaoshan hydropower stations,and the reliability of optimization decision-making is enhanced.The theory,model and method can be applied to both joint operation scheme optimization of hydropower stations and decision-making of other systems.


Considering the gradual increasing of store stations and available types of stores,and the low transfer velocity and limited remote terminal numbers of traditional MIL-STD-1553B Multiplex Data Bus in airborne avionics system and weapon system,a new data bus named enhanced bit rate 1553( EBR-1553)data bus was introduced. This paper expatiated EBR-1553 data bus from the topology architecture,hardware configuration,transfer characteristics and bus transfer model. Then the applied field of EBR-1553 was addressed. Finally,the method of EBR-1553 data bus hardware implementation based on FPGA IP core was proposed.


Fifth Generation of Mobile Communication (5G) integrates the use of telecommunication and computer systems. As virtualisation eases the deployment of new functionalities demanded by many industrial and social use cases, also show many research challenges regarding performance and resource optimisation. In the 5G architecture, while mobile networks are already trying to implement a full virtualisation of hardware resources, the core itself lacks of an integrated performance evaluation proposal. In this paper we propose a performance evaluation framework, based on an evaluation function and an assortment of distributed observation functions acting as monitors for compute nodes in a virtualised. infrastructure. The framework, unlike previous proposals, is designed to be integrated into 5G as a native service. The framework was evaluated in a Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) scenario and the results show success in monitoring and analysing a Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) environment with a standard 5G NFV implementation.


Coupling of aryl iodides with propiolic acid is carried out under conditions A) at 50°C to produce the corresponding aryl alkynyl carboxylic acids.


*‡ This paper describes a computational research study undertaken to develop new alternate computational fluid dynamics methodology for determination of aerodynamic coefficients accurately and efficiently. A new time-accurate sweep procedure has been used to compute the aerodynamics of complex projectile configurations. Given a steady-state solution, this technique can be used to generate multiple time-accurate numerical solutions over a select range of angles of attack or side-slip angles for a given set of flight parameters. The sweep procedure has been used to compute solutions for an elliptic missile at a supersonic speed and also a low transonic speed, for angle of attack and side-slip sweeps. Separate steady-state solutions for various angles of attack and side-slip angles were also computed for comparison. Finite-volume unstructured Navier-Stokes computational techniques are used, including a two-equation Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model. Visualization of the numerical solutions provides the qualitative features of the flow field with the projectile at various angles of incidence. Aerodynamic coefficients were extracted from the computed solutions, with good agreement between the steady-state and sweep solutions. The results of this study show that the time-accurate sweep procedure can provide aerodynamic coefficients efficiently and accurately.


The current research analyzes the changes, disruptions and continuities in Mondayacu territory of the Amazonian and its relationship with the impact on the sense of community in the province of Napo. The Amazonian region exhibits the dispute between the indigenous territories, the State, capital interests, and the dominion and control of the territories based on the illusion of a modern state.
In the Amazonian territory, new ways of accumulating capital exist, which are dominating the commodification of natural resources, so they delimit and expand capital over territories. In the case of the Mondayacu Community, the relationship between territory, capital, and labor reflects the impact of capitalism one´s way of life, social relations, and different forms of community organization, which undoubtedly has made impacts on the sense of community for the mentioned Amazonian territories.
Indigenous people have been affected due to the new dynamics of control and domination over their territories, since the Amazonian territory holds economic, political and social interests. The capital interests expose the territories, by fragmenting the different forms of community, weakening their ways of doing and feeling sense of the community.


Resumen en: Introduction: Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is the most common consequence of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and it is associated wi...


AbstractThe development of an intense strain region, formed locally at a blunting crack tip, and the equivalent plastic strain distribution within it were investigated in terms of crack opening displacement δt by means of the recrystallization technique. The results obtained showed that the equivalent plastic strain within the region was given by e ¯ p = e ¯ 0 ( δ t cos θ r ′ ) m


This paper presents a new modification to the affine projection algorithm for adaptive filtering with the purpose of reducing the floating point operations and thus the computational complexity. The modification is achieved codifying the error in the algorithm. Simulation results show a faster convergence speed than the conventional algorithms and an improve in the minimum level of the mean square error regarding the original version.


In this work, some CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized and entrapped into a mixture of 3glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS). The electron energy transfer from the QD-entrapped GA (mixture of APTMS and GPTMS) membrane to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) or to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) led to the quantification of PpIX in the linear detection range of 1-50 μM, of anthracene (ANT) and phenanthrene (PHE) in the linear detection range of 0.01-0.1 μM, and of pyrene (PYR) in the range of 0.005-0.05 μM. Key-Words: Anthracene, Electron energy transfer, Phenanthrene, Protoporphyrin IX, Pyrene, CdSe/ZnS QDs ,


The chip complexity of a computation is concerned with the chip area, A, and the time, T, required to perform the computation when implemented on a chip. An area-time product ATα,for α ≥ 0, is used as a complexity measure. A particular value of α, which is chosen by the user, reflects the relative importance between A and T. This paper derives lower and upper bounds on the area-time complexity for chips that implement binary arithmetic, assuming a model of computation which is intended to approximate, current and anticipated LSI or VLSI technology.


We consider the problem of two-dimensional (2D) transmit beamforming design for phased-MIMO Radar with a limited number of transmit power amplifiers. Subarray partitioning is used in MIMO radar where individual subarrays operate in a phased-array mode leading to a reduction in the number of power amplifiers required. However, the use of subarray partitioning results in poor transmit beampattern characteristics due to the reduced physical aperture of the subarrays as compared to the aperture of the full transmit array. To address this problem, we introduce a new method for achieving a desired transmit beampattern while applying the concept of phased-MIMO radar. Our design consists of two cascaded stages where the first stage involves mapping a set of finite number of orthogonal waveforms into another set of cross-correlated waveforms using a linear mixing operator. The second stage involves partitioning the transmit array into a finite number of transmit subarrays where each subarray is used to radiate one of the cross-correlated waveforms in phased-array mode. The mixing matrix used in the first stage is appropriately designed to ensure that the overall transmit beampattern, i.e., the summation of all beampatterns of the individual subarrays, is as close as possible to a desired transmit beampattern. The number of power amplifiers required is finite and equals to the number of subarrays. One of the advantages of the new method is that it can achieve coherent transmit gain that is comparable to the coherent transmit gain of a phased-array radar while implementing the concept of MIMO radar. Simulation examples are used to validate the proposed method capabilities.


The cost of an effective retrofitting and rehabilitation of timber piles is less than the cost of replacing the piles. However, some of the retrofit options used in Nebraska failed to result in the expected performance levels. Further, design and detailing of different retrofit schemes are not well defined. Therefore, the objective of this project was to develop a set of guidelines to retrofit damaged timber piles. Different types of damages, methods of assessment, and repair procedures of the timber piles were reviewed. Few repair methods were selected for detail investigation. Five full scale timber pile specimens with different level of damages were prepared. The damage in each specimen was repaired by using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrap to encapsulate the damaged region and filling it with either resin or grout or resin and gravel. Guidelines are provided to carry out the repair of timber piles in the field using the selected repair methods. Ultimate load tests were carried out on the specimens to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair methods. Test results show that grout is more effective in repairing large cavity-type damages compared to resin. Resin might be more effective for repairing cracks and small cavities in timber piles. Further, the failure load of the repaired pile specimens was at least five times greater than the design load capacity of the timber pile.


Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by a progressive replacement of muscle by fat and fibrous tissue, muscle weakness, and loss of functional abilities. Impaired vasodilatory and blood flow responses to muscle activation have also been observed in DMD and associated with mislocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase mu (nNOSμ) from the sarcolemma. The objective of this study was to determine whether the post-contractile blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI response is impaired in DMD and correlated with established markers of disease severity in DMD, including MRI muscle fat fraction (FF) and clinical functional measures. Young boys with DMD (n=16, 5-14 years) and unaffected controls (n=16, 5-14 years) were evaluated using post-contractile BOLD, FF, and functional assessments. The BOLD response was measured following five brief (2 s) maximal voluntary dorsiflexion contractions, each separated by one minute of rest. FF from the anterior compartment lower leg muscles were quantified via chemical shift encoded imaging. Functional abilities were assessed using the 10m walk/run and the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). The peak BOLD response in the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus were reduced (P<0.001) in DMD compared to controls. Furthermore, the anterior compartment peak BOLD response correlated with function (6MWD ρ=0.87, P<0.0001; 10 m walk/run time ρ=-0.78, P<0.001) and FF (ρ =-0.52, P=0.05). The reduced post-contractile BOLD response in DMD may reflect impaired microvascular function. The relationship observed between the post-contractile peak BOLD response and functional measures and FF suggests that the BOLD response is altered with disease severity in DMD.


Effective treatment o f wastewater is an important process in reducing the environmental impact o f industry and human activity. Although conventional water treatment systems can adequately remove the principle components o f waste (i.e. substances that can be represented the majority o f biological and chemical oxygen demand) several materials are poorly or slowly removed. Tertiary treatment polishing processes are therefore required to remove these contaminants to ensure complete wastewater treatment. This thesis reports investigations made using film reactors that are used to remove recalcitrant materials such as ammonianitrogen and endocrine disrupters that although present in low concentrations, if left untreated can have a strong impact on the environment. Film reactors potentially offer several process advantages over conventional activated sludge treatments systems as they allow very long residence time and contact with high concentrations o f fixed microbes with the low concentrations o f pollutants so enhancing kinetic performance and efficiency o f the process. Two reactor configurations, a partial fixed bed (PFBR) and moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) were investigated. A thirty liter reactor with a working volume o f 16 liters was constructed and contained fixed microbial films on either free suspended or fixed beds plastic packing (K2 AnoxKaldnes). The investigation o f ammonia nitrogen oxidation showed that after a suitable acclimation period ( 2 weeks) that ammonia was oxidise rapidly reducing the feed concentrations o f 35 mg/L to < 2 mg/L in the effluent. To assess the performance for ammonia nitrogen removal the reactors operated for long periods (up to 3 months) with continuous feed using the reactor in either PFBR or M BBR modes in addition o f 17a ethynylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MeEE2), the endocrine disrupting compounds commonly found in municipal wastewater. These substances is derived from a synthetic hormones if found in the natural environment can reduced the productivity o f the fish as this can cause feminization in aquatic organisms with disastrous consequences on fish populations. The M BBR and PFBR systems were used to investigate the co-metabolism o f ammonia nitrogen, 17a ethynylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol from model waste water feed containing 35 mg/L o f ammonia nitrogen and 100 pg/L o f 17a ethynylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MeEE2). A kinetic analysis o f the systems were made and for the PFBR reactor, the specific growth rate, pmax o f 7.092 d ' 1 w ith saturation constants, Ks o f 1.574 mg/L. The kinetic analysis for the M BBR system was 6.329 d ' 1 for the pmax with the Ks o f 0.652 mg/L. When the PFBR was used removal o f EE2 represents < 90% removal and MeEE2 represents < 70% removal. With the M BBR > 90% EE2 was removed and > 70% MeEE2 was removed. M BBR were shown to be more effective and efficient in removing ammonia nitrogen reducing the levels under good conditions to < 2 mg/L while the PFBR could also achieve 2 mg/L. The M BBR system was also more competent in the removal o f 17a ethynylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol compared to PFBR. This work demonstrates that there are considerable advantages to using thin film reactors as polishing step for the tertiary treatment o f waste waters when to compared to other processes in reducing the inorganic pollutants as endocrine disrupting compounds. The significance o f these results is discussed in this context.


PURPOSE:To separate the representation of the abnormal state of a machine related to safety so as to recognize clearly abnormality by evaluating the lighting condition of the detection signal of the abnormality of a plant by the control logic of an alarm from an alarm evaluation knowledge case, and distinguishing the abnormality related to the safety of the plant from functional abnormality. CONSTITUTION:When a signal from a process signal detector 2a, 2b,...2n to detect the state of the plant exceeds a threshold set beforehand, a limit switch 3a, 3b,...3n issues the detection signal. An alarm lighting evaluating device means 6 executes the control logic evaluation of the alarm of the detection signal on the basis of information from the alarm evaluation knowledge base 5. An alarm display means 8 lights and displays the alarm by a display color corresponding to the flickering state of the alarm and the attribute of the alarm on the basis of the information of an alarm display knowledge base 7 in which the attribute of the alarm to be used for determining the display color at the time the lighting of the alarm is stored and the evaluated result of the alarm lighting evaluating device means 6. Thus the functional abnormality and the abnormality concerning physical security are discriminated.