Laser is one of the important inventions of the 20th century. The creation of laser leads to the development of
novel technological processes, new branches of industry and origin of the principal new mode of
communications, which are very important for knowledge society. It is representative that in the 20th century
five Nobel prizes for physics were given for laser investigation. It is well-known that classical engineering
sciences are closely connected with natural sciences (especially with physics). At the same time engineering
sciences have their own methodology and their own specific mode of knowledge organization –technological or
engineering theory. The development of technological theory and practical applications of laser technology
were going parallel. But the technological theory in laser technology is based on non-classical physics and can
be regard itself as the new type of non-classical technology. This is the history about the non-linear direction
from theoretical scientific knowledge to technological applications and the important role of scientific schools.


The utility model discloses an aerial detection equipment that can fly and mobile terminal who uses it, including the flight module, the flight module includes the host computer body and power device, be equipped with the collision avoidance device, flight the module install in the inside of collision avoidance device, the host computer body is provided with host system, detects sensor module, communication module and power module, detect sensor module, communication module, power module and the host system electricity is connected, host system includes GPS orientation module, motor driver module and data transceiver module, power device with the motor driver module electricity is connected. The aerial detection equipment utilization unmanned air vehicle technique that can fly carries out the air quality and detects, mobile terminal does remote control is realized to the control end and the data processing end of the aerial detection equipment that can fly, thereby avoids the operator to get into danger area and guarantee operator's personal safety.


There is a lack of artifacts to handle the enterprise self, and consequently with its dynamic self-governing system, responsible for continuously assuring its viability and sustainability, in a fast changing environment. We need constructs to better model enterprises as self-observing systems, and not merely as observed systems. We introduce the concept of Enterprise Operating System (EOS), as the emerging enterprise ́s control and governing system, which turns enterprises into autonomous, intelligent, viable and sustainable entities. Our assumption is that all organizations, being complex social-technical systems, evolve to higher complex levels, whereby at some point "organizational autonomous life" emerges as a reification, at a macro systemic level, of the social-technical network of its autonomous agents or its network nodes. This reification is precisely realized by the emergence of the EOS, which turns the enterprise into a kind of autopoietic system, with logical closure, characterized by its self-reference, identity assertion, and the emergence of its consciousness. The EOS should be able to compile in near real time its position and trajectory (integrating its functional, ontological and evolutionary views), to assess if is in line with its viable and sustainable states set and trigger/call for correction actions whenever needed. Our research goal is to develop a universal EOS (UEOS) model and a methodology, to design, diagnose and improve the EOS of any organization, supported by sound theory, grounded in Enterprise Engineering knowledge, General System Theory, Viable Systems Theory and other relevant complexity theories.


The current tracking control strategy is the key technology to realize dynamic reactive power regulation and harmonic current compensation in D-STATCOM system. In order to improve the precision and dynamic response speed of the D-STATCOM, a direct current control algorithm based on proportional vector proportional integral (PVPI) was proposed. The principle, performance and parameters of the controller are introduced in detail, The effectiveness and reliability of control algorithm are verified by simulation and has been tested on a practical installation of 3.3kV, ±1.5Mvar, and has higher engineering value.


Aditya-1 is India's first dedicated, low-earth dawn-dusk orbit, mission to study the Sun. The main payload on this mission is a visi- ble emission line solar coronagraph to observe the solar corona simultane- ously in the Green (Fe XIV) and Red (Fe X) emission lines over 3 solar radii ( 1.5 degree) field-of-view (FOV). A larger FOV ( 6 solar Radii; 3.0 degree) continuum channel is also added for the study of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The main scientific objectives of this mission are: (1) study of coronal wave heating mechanisms, (2) understanding the dynami- cal behaviour of small- and large-scale structures including the CMEs and (3) mapping the coronal magnetic topology. In this paper, a brief descrip- tion of the scientific objectives are given. Some of the major technological challenges ahead during the payload realisation as well as in the data inter- pretation are also provided.


A series of extracts from vinification by-products, generated under specified, optimal conditions, were tested for their efficiency to inhibit lipid peroxidation in lecithin liposomes at various pH values. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the kinetics of CDV onset, which over a period of 6 days was found to obey zero-order kinetics. As positive control samples the synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene and the natural quercetin were also considered. The results obtained showed that the most distinct inhibition as compared with control sample (no antioxidant added) was found upon addition of grape stem extract from the variety Vitis vinifera var. Moschofilero at pH 8, with the kinetics constant (k) being 6.6 × 10−2 CDV/d. By contrast, seed extract from the same variety at pH 2 was prominently prooxidant, with k = 50.7 × 10−2 CDV/d. Extracts from both stems and seeds exhibited large variations as a function of pH, with stem extracts being in general more efficient than seed extracts, but no consistent trend in response to pH was observed. This outcome clearly pointed to efficiency dependence upon both the composition of the extracts and pH.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Because the use of antioxidants in food industry is indispensable, the study of the efficiency of certain widely used plant extracts possessing antioxidant properties becomes imminent. This is because the deployment of natural antioxidants in food matrices has often been accompanied by major discrepancies concerning their efficiency to shield against rancidity. Thus, revealing details on the antioxidant behavior of natural extracts with regard to significant food characteristics, such as pH, is of undisputed importance in utilizing these extracts in a technologically rational way. The results from this study showed that extracts from vinification by-products, and presumably other extracts from various plant sources, might have variable behavior with regard to inhibiting and/or promoting lipid peroxidation. As this might depend on the pH of the matrix used or other intrinsic factors, the antioxidant potency of a particular extract can be reliably assessed only by case experimentation.


The essence of sustainable development consists in keeping balance between economic, social and ecological system. In the rural areas the most important is the ecological aspect. Sustainable development of rural areas is connected with modest exploitation of natural environment and resources and careful preserving the bio-diversity. It requires the development of such directions of economic activities that minimize anthropological pressure. Those are ecotourism and ecological agriculture.


Supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) based on host-guest recognition have attracted much research attention to develop smart supramolecular materials. However, these researches mainly focus on SPNs in solution or in gel...


This letter presents a new approach to construct space-time block codes (STBCs) based on the Kronecker product. The proposed Kronecker-structured STBCs (K-STBCs) are specially designed for constant modulus constellations and include the classical linear dispersion (LD) codes as a special case. Its inherent Kronecker structure offers additional coding gains due to the mutual spreading of multiple space-time codewords. At the receiver, an efficient algorithm is derived by recasting the decoding of the K-STBCs as a rank-one tensor approximation problem. The proposed decoding algorithm provides a good bit error ratio (BER) performance especially, in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. In particular, our numerical results show that K-STBCs outperform the existing quasi-orthogonal STBCs due to the denoising gain offered by the proposed rank-one approximation based detector.


The main purpose of this paper is to examine the prospects and possible scenarios of US economic policy development under the negative dynamics of the national debt and its possible outcomes from the point of view of the world economic growth and stability. The effort is made to explain the underlying reasons for the significant US national debt accumulation and to devise steps in order to resolve the situation, especially as concerns rise over the unfolding EU countries debt crisis and imbalances in the world currency markets. One part of the paper is devoted to the internal US problems such as the unusually high rate of unemployment and great budgetary expenditures for social security. However, special emphasis in this research is made on the analysis of the short-term and long-term impact of the indebtedness of the US on the financial markets and world economic development, taking into consideration the prominent role of the US as the world top importer and the issuer of the international reserve currency. It is the authors' belief that the extent to which the US will be able to maintain its internal demand and uphold the high rate of GDP growth will largely determine whether the world economic system remains stable and balanced, given the role the US plays in international economic relations. All in all, this work can be quite useful for understanding the US role in the global context and for comprehending fundamental flaws ingrained in modern economic policies, leading to general systemic vulnerability of the world economy.


Comparison of the use of autosuture surgiclips and Mersilene for occlusion of the vas deferens showed a significantly lower number of complications, such as local infections, granuloma and fistula, within a month following vasectomy, when autosuture surgiclips were used (0.005 less than p less than 0.01). After 6 months practically no reactions could be demonstrated in both groups. The development of fistula occurred only when Mersilene was used. This may have consequences for morbidity, but probably has no influence on the performance of vaso-vasostomy later on.


Objective\ To study the expressions of p15 g ene and its protein in primary endometrial carcinomas, and to explore the role o f the gene in the generation and development of the disease.\ Methods\ By using of reverse transcription polymerase chain react ion (RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry assays, expressions of p15 gene and its p rotein were detected in 62 primary endometrial carcinomas and 15 normal tissues. \ Results\ The loss of expressions of p15 gene and its protein were 24 (38.71%) and 27 (43.55%) in 62 primary endometrial carcinomas, and expression s of p15 gene and its protein were detected in all of the normal tissues. The ex pressions of p15 gene and its protein were associated with FIGO staging and hist ological grading ( χ 2= 11.57-15.52,P 0.05), and there was a tendency fo r them to increase with the increase of the stage and grade ( χ 2=11.04-11.98 ,P 0.05). \ Conclusion\ The aberrant expressions of p15 gene and its protein a re associated with the pathogenesis of primary endometrial carcinomas. [


30 Activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) represents a priority map which can be used 31 to direct attention and guide eye movements. However, it is not known whether this activity 32 represents the location of saccade targets or the actual eye movement made to acquire them. We 33 recorded single neurons from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) while they performed memory34 guided delayed saccades to characterize the response profiles of LIP cells. We then separated the 35 saccade target from the saccade endpoint using saccadic adaptation, a method that induces a 36 change in the gain of the oculomotor system. We plotted LIP activity for all three epochs of the 37 memory-guided delayed response task (the visual, delay period and presaccadic responses) as a 38 function of target location and saccade endpoint. We found that under saccadic adaptation the 39 response profile for all three epochs was unchanged as a function of target location. We 40 conclude that neurons in LIP reliably represent the locations of saccade targets, not the amplitude 41 of the saccade required to acquire those targets. Although LIP transmits target information to the 42 motor system, that information represents the location of the target and not the amplitude of the 43 saccade that the monkey will make. 44


The dielectric characteristics of crystals are calculated with the quasiclassical approximation for weak fields. The calculation is carried out on the basis of the theory of dielectric relaxation with complete consideration of relaxing particle quantum behavior. The results on complex dielectric susceptibility calculated for a square-topped barrier satisfactorily agree with experimental data.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a simple, multistage model of bargaining wherein a seller makes an offer that can be either accepted or refused. If rejected, the process continues. How the seller's ability to make commitments affects bargaining outcomes is analysed by comparing the commitment equilibria to those arising when commitment is impossible. The effects of increasing uncertainty about preferences and varying the length of the bargaining horizon are analysed. The ways in which the bargaining environment can be changed to improve outcomes are discussed.


Catalysis plays an important role in Chemical Process technology. It is the enabling technology for good chemicals manufacturing processes. Catalysis as a discipline is not just a part of chemistry or physics but it also is an engineering discipline. Chemical and physical aspects are often scaleindependent but in the engineering disciplines usually the scale of the operation plays a role. It is not surprising that in catalysis both scale-independent and scale-dependent phenomena play a role. Reaction mechanism and structure of the active sites are usually scale-independent. Reactor design studies belong to the realm of chemical reaction engineering and are clearly dependent on the scale. In catalysis good contact between reactants and active sites is essential and the contact is, in general, scale-dependent. An integrated approach of catalysis research and development covering aspects of (bio) chemistry and physics and chemical reaction engineering, referred to as 'Catalysis Engineering ', is rewarding. It is appropriate to distinguish three levels, the microlevel, focusing on molecules and catalytic sites, the mesolevel focusing on the catalyst particle and the reactor, and the macrolevel , considering the total process. This lecture focuses mainly on multiphase (G/L) systems.


Language is the carrier of culture. Taboo is not only a common social phenomenon, but also a common linguistic and cultural one. A comparative study of English and Chinese taboos will help better understand their respective cultural connotations, avoid communicative failure and achieve ideal communicative goals.


This study evaluated team composition activities amongst health workers in Nigeria using Delta State University Teaching Hospital as a case. The objectives of this study were to determine the contribution of demographic variables on the likelihood of knowledge of team in health care, to ascertain the impact of demographic variables on the likelihood of knowledge of inter-professional team composition activities and to determine the attitude competence that contributes significantly to the likelihood of knowledge of team amongst health workers in Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara. The source of data used was primary source of data collection with the aid of questionnaire administered to 204 health workers at Delta State University Teaching Hospital Oghara. The statistical tools employed in this study include, the logistic regression analysis, percentage distribution, bar chart and pie chart analysis. The findings of this study revealed that 57.8% of the respondents have knowledge of team for health care, while 44.1% of the respondents have knowledge of Inter-professional team composition for healthcare. The result of the Nagelkerke R Square showed that the logistic model explained the likelihood of knowledge of team for healthcare than the likelihood of knowledge of inter-professional team composition for healthcare. This result implies that majority of the workers have knowledge of team than knowledge of inter-professional team composition. Also, it was found that the attitude competencies that contributed significantly to the logistic model for likelihood of knowledge of team for health care were facilitation of participation and judgement attitude. The result further revealed that the attitude competencies identified to enhance effective healthcare were cooperative attitude, encouraging others and positive attitude.


Vehicle license plate tilt correction is a very important link in the intelligent transportation system.In this paper,based on the weighted least square method,the vehicle license plate region is first fitted to a straight line,and then the line slope is calculated,from which the rotation angle α is derived.Finally the whole image is rotated by α and image tilt correction is carried out.The experimental results reveal that,this proposed method can quickly and accurately obtain the tilt angle and has better robustness and adaptability.Compared with fitting using the least square method,the tilt angle using the proposed method is more precise and the value of objection function is less.Also,compared with Hough Transformation,this proposed method is characterized by faster processing time and more precise tilt angle,which particularly caters to the intelligent transportation system


We consider the $k$-core decomposition of network models and Internet graphs at the autonomous system (AS) level. The k-core analysis allows to characterize networks beyond the degree distribution and uncover structural properties and hierarchies due to the specific architecture of the system. We compare the $k$-core structure obtained for AS graphs with those of several network models and discuss the differences and similarities with the real Internet architecture. The presence of biases and the incompleteness of the real maps are discussed and their effect on the $k$-core analysis is assessed with numerical experiments simulating biased exploration on a wide range of network models. We find that the $k$-core analysis provides an interesting characterization of the fluctuations and incompleteness of maps as well as information helping to discriminate the original underlying structure.


A lively and well-illustrated history of the development of the telescope and its impact on science and society The telescope is undoubtedly one of the world's most far-reaching inventions, one which, for the past four centuries, has stood at the forefront of human discovery. From its humble beginnings in seventeenth-century Holland, when a simple spectacle-maker first presented his invention to his country's military leaders, to today's colossal structures housed in space-age cathedrals, the telescope has unlocked nature's secrets. And in the past decade, the Hubble Space Telescope has brought us to the very edges of the universe, and the very beginning of time. So just how did this revolutionary instrument - a potent mix of art, science and engineering - reach it present level of sophistication? The history of the telescope is a rich story of human ingenuity and perseverance involving some of the most colourful figures of the scientific world - Galileo, Johann Kepler, Isaac Newton, William Herschel, George Ellery Hale and Edwin Hubble. Stargazer brings to life the story of these brilliant and sometime quirky, scientists as they turned their eyes and ideas beyond what anyone thought possible. Fred Watson, one of Australia's tope astronomers, writes clearly and skillfully, without technical jargon but with a dash of humour, explaining the science and technology behind the telescope, and the enormous impact that it has had for four hundred years on how we have come to understand our universe.


The surface passivation of Mercury Cadmium Telluride(MCT) materials is one of the crucial steps for fabricating photoconductive and photovoltaic detectors.Practical MCT devices need stable and reproducible passivated surfaces and the surface potentials which meet their performance requirements. The research progress of the surface passivation of MCT materials is presented.The basic concepts of the passivation of MCT materials are described.The growth methods,interface properties and parameters of some passivation layers are discussed.


Due to wireless sensor networks (WSN) characteristics, routing in these networks is a challenging task particularly when the wireless nodes, which are energy constrained, are moving. Mobility in WSNs can cause frequent route changes or breaks. In case of route breaks, each routing protocol reacts differently which in turn cause a different pattern in the energy consumption. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact of mobility on energy level of sensor nodes to select a proper routing scheme for a particular WSN. In this paper, an attempt has been made to measure energy consumption level of the sensor nodes while moving through the WSN environment on different locations. The main contribution of this paper is to compare and analyze performance of the mobile nodes using two well-know routing protocols, DSR and AODV, in terms of three performance metrics as energy efficiency, packet delay, and packet lost rate. The comparison has been done using NS2 network simulator.


This editorial reviews the question of an association between diverticular disease and cancer and concludes that so far studies do not provide any evidence at present. Patients with diverticular disease do not need additional screening for cancer. The study by Hvorlis et al [1] has attracted attention to the rise of cancer markers in patients with diverticulosis by reporting that 'increased levels of CEA, TIMP-1, and CA19-9 at endoscopy with findings of diverticula were associated with a significantly increased risk of being diagnosed with a subsequent primary malignant disease'. The study has examined exclusively patients with diverticula on colonoscopy and lacked a control group with normal colonoscopy, which makes the interpretation of the findings debateable. This report creates an opportunity to review the debate on potential association between diverticula and malignancy. Increased risk of left-sided colorectal cancer in diverticular disease had been claimed since 1995 on an epidemiological study of more than 7000 patients.[2] The relative risk had been found to be 1.8 and the association was considered by the authors causative. Since then there have been studies both supporting and refuting that causative association. A recent database-based study on more than 14,000 patients found and association of cancer in patients with diverticula in all segments of the colon, proximal (OR: 2.8), distal (OR: 3.65) and even the highest risk was in the rectum (4.07) – even though as we all know the rectum never gets diverticula.[3] A Swedish Register study on 41,000 patients found that there was a greatly increased risk (OR: 31.4) of cancer post admission due to diverticular disease within 6 months form discharge.[4] There was no increased risk after the first year. The authors reasonably concluded this was not an issue of causation but of occult cancer presenting as a diagnosis of diverticulitis. A systematic review on interval colorectal cancers, that is, cancers that are thought to have been missed on colonoscopy and presented within a year, suggested that there was an increased risk of proximal cancer with diverticular disease, the interpretation being that diverticula may cause technical difficulty to perform a complete colonoscopy rather than any other biologically based explanation.[5] The issue of missed cancer diagnosis in case of coexistent diverticulitis has been suggested also by a review of 633 CT scans, in 17 cases an unsuspected bowel cancer was later found.[6] The main supporting studies have been epidemiological cohort series from database registers. Database registers have the advantage of large numbers and long follow-up. The disadvantage is that whilst their data are accurate for cancers they can be less accurate with some other conditions such as diverticular disease in which a range of variability of coding terminology fluctuates between diverticulosis, diverticulitis, complications, diverticular bleeding etc. Endoscopic studies have been generally unsupportive of the epidemiological reports. A study on 502 colonoscopies found no association between colorectal cancer and diverticulosis and suggested that right-sided polyps were the main associated finding with distal cancers and not diverticula.[7] Another study looked into the incidence of colorectal cancer in 199 patients who had a recent attack of uncomplicated diverticulitis and found that to be only 0.7%.[8] A study on more than 4200 colonoscopies did not find an association between polyps and diverticulosis and diverticulitis and actually there was a negative correlation between cancer and diverticulosis.[9] A risk of extracolonic malignancy lying within the abdomen and pelvis has been previously reported in patients with a diagnosis of diverticulosis or diverticulitis.[10] Diverticulitis is known to be a pericolonic inflammation, pericolonic abscesses and phlegmon masses are certain to cause peritoneal inflammation. Chronic inflammation is known to use similar inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators common in carcinogenesis. Can however the severity and length of exposure of chronic inflammation in diverticulitis be enough to cause an intra-abdominal malignancy? There is no evidence to date. The issue becomes even more confusing when it comes to the report on extra-abdominal cancers for which no explanation can be given with our current knowledge. How about the tumour markers themselves? Are they a reliable predictor of latent malignancy? CEA, the best studied and most used clinically marker for abdominal malignancies has a sensitivity of 90% but its specificity is only around 70% and provides lead time to diagnosis of around 5 months.[11] TIMP-1 has shown a much better specificity (98%) for colorectal cancer but has not been equally effective for pancreatic and other cancers.[12,13] CEA19-9 has been used with relative success in diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment of pancreato-biliary cancers but is has not been possible to use as screening tool.[14] Even though tumour markers present enormous research interest and potential future clinical benefit as screening tools there is unfortunately too little evidence at present that the moment has arrived yet. There is no evidence at present that we should submit the patients with diverticula to any additional cancer screening.


We consider a topological superconducting wire and use the string order parameter to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of the topological order upon a quantum quench across the critical point. We also analyze the propagation of the initially localized Majorana bound states after the quench, in order to examine the connection between the topological order and the unpaired Majorana states, which has been well established at equilibrium but remains illusive in dynamical situations. It is found that after the quench the string order parameters decay over a finite time and that the decaying behavior is universal, independent of the wire length and the final value of the chemical potential (the quenching parameter). It is also found that the topological order is revived repeatedly although the amplitude gradually decreases. Further, the topological order can propagate into the region which was initially in the nontopological state. It is observed that all these behaviors are in parallel and consistent with the propagation and dispersion of the Majorana wave functions. Finally, we propose local probing methods which can measure the nonlocal topological order.


I present an evaluation of the 1-loop prefactor in the lifetime of a metastable state which decays at finite temperature by bubble nucleation. Such a state is considered in one-component ϕ4-model in three space dimensions. The calculation serves as a prototype application of a fast numerical method for evaluating the functional determinants that appear in semiclassical approximations.


Decentralized methods are recently employed in combined heat and power systems (CHPS), because the electric power systems (EPS) and distribute heating systems (DHS) are controlled independently by different operators. However, most of them only focus on the accuracy of computation results but neglect the cost of communication in computation. In this paper, we develop a communication-censored alternating direction method of multipliers (COCA) to solve the CHPS dispatch problem. Different from the ADMM, the boundary information is allowed to transmit to neighbors in COCA only when its value is significantly changed as compared to its previous value. The censoring function is utilized to measure the difference to improve the efficiency of communication. Experimental results demonstrate that COCA can not only reach the same solution as the centralized method but also reduce communication costs.


Global warming coupled with a staggering level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has pushed our planet to a brink of irreversibility. Concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the major GHGs, today is more than ever seen in 3 million years of human history. An elaborate play of multiple factors has led us to this situation so extreme and hazardous. This paper examines the relationship between CO2 emissions and relevant factors using a multivariate linear and double-log regression model taking economic growth, energy consumption,forestcover, financial development, urbanisation and trade openness as variables across 55 countries with different levels of development. The findings indicate significant causal relationships between the factors, underlining crucial aspects that can majorly benefit climate change research and policymaking. Results emphasize the need to reverse the trend of increasing emissions while moving on to a phase of greener growth and healthier economic practices, based on unconventional energy sources and appropriate policy making.


The authors study two hundred observations of children with esotropia operated by recession of internal muscles associated or not with one or two loops. The indications are precise, then the secondary exotropia is studied. The technic doesn't seem to give more frequent exotropia than other surgical procedures if the initial protocol is right.


Multiaffine analysis is applied to the KPZQ (Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth with Quenched disorder) model. In the previous work, we have found that the BDP (Ballistic Deposition growth with Power-law noise) model has a multiaffinity, and power-law noise tends to break the KPZ universality. In this paper, we report on the monotonic self-affine scaling of the KPZQ model. It is confirmed that the KPZ universality holds in higher order exponents. This implies that the BDP model and the KPZQ model can be classified by the multiaffine analysis.


This paper aims to identify the factors that influence the perceived quality of service for continuing higher education in online learning environments. To that end, a quantitative descriptive study, which was applied to 4,735 students in continuing higher education courses, who were given a self-administered scale online. The instrument was constructed considering the following factors: teaching skills, teachers' attitudes and behavior, administrative and support team, the navigation platform, curricula, and the organization of courses for continuing education. The results show that the scale of perceived service quality for continuing virtual education from the students' perspective is a two-dimensional construct. The first factor includes administrative support, content, educational aspects, and the interface, which constitute virtual education facilitators. The second factor involves the teaching skills necessary to guide a online learning course. The findings contribute to decisions in the management and development of continuing online learning, whose growing demand warrants a review of ways to satisfy users, allowing the modality to be viewed with a more positive perception.


The aim of this manuscript is to develop a robust output-based controller for a robot manipulator (RM), under the presence of state constraints. A novel methodology is proposed to solve the tracking trajectory problem between the joints position of a RM and desired reference trajectories, using a barrier sliding mode (BSM) control. The controller design guarantees the tracking trajectory and the fulfillment of the state constraints considering the presence of perturbations. In this study, it is considered that only the angular position of each RM articulation is available. A decentralized adaptive super-twisting algorithm estimates the angular velocity of the corresponding RM. A class of barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is used to analyze the finite-time stability of the sliding surface in a closed-loop with the proposed controller. An example of a numerical evaluation considering a two-link RM illustrates the advantages obtained with the proposed methodology compared to the non-barrier control design.


Krol is very pessimistic about the chances of stability and democracy in Eastern Europe because of revitalized nationalism, which he sees as deeply destructive. He argues that there is no alternative to making the present territorial boundaries in Eastern Europe permanent, even though they take no heed of national minorities. If demandsfor national self-determination are exercised, this will lead sooner or later to European war. Krol argues that the odds are against the construction of a liberal Europe unless steps are taken to build a unifying, pan-European sense of identity. Western Europe should help the East to diminish the role of the state, so that authentic communities can bypass nationalism to some extent; he suggests also that a sense of panEuropean cultural affinity can gradually be built up. But, as this has taken 40 years to build in Western Europe, the prognosis is not immediately favourable.


Despite the existence of many studies on language learning strategies (LLS), little scholarly work reports the LLS used by faculty members in learning English, with most participants of previous studies being students. Further, most of those previous studies have been conducted using exclusively quantitative methods. In response to these empirical and methodological gaps, the current qualitative descriptive case study investigates how Indonesian lecturers employed their strategies over their path of enhancing their English proficiency. We collected data through semi-structured interviews obtained from eight Indonesian faculty members. In this study, we found five overarching themes, including practicing in academic fields, learning by enjoying, engaging with academic resources, using online platforms, and employing the personal convenience of language engagement strategies. Findings showed that most language learning strategies employed by our participants were concerned with autonomous learning.


The issue of screening for HIV infection during pregnancy became more important after the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 (ACTG-076) showed a significant decrease in perinatal transmission of HIV to infants born to women who received zidovudine therapy during pregnancy [1]. An estimated 7600 infants are born to HIV-infected women each year in the United States; 2000 of these infants acquire HIV from their mothers [2, 3]. The use of zidovudine could decrease the number of infected infants from 2000 to 600 if all pregnant women with HIV infection received antiretroviral therapy. This important finding has engendered the recent debate on mandatory HIV testing of pregnant women as a way to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. Mandatory HIV testing of pregnant women would increase the detection of HIV infection, thereby allowing initiation of antiretroviral drug therapy in infected women and possibly decreasing the number of infants born with HIV infection. However, some women may avoid prenatal care because they fear HIV testing or resent the mandatory policy. These women would lose the opportunity to receive benefit from zidovudine therapy if they were infected, and, more important, they would lose the benefit of prenatal care regardless of whether they were infected with HIV. Mandatory testing might deter the women who are the most likely to be infected with HIV from receiving prenatal care [4]. Conversely, under a voluntary HIV testing policy, some HIV-infected women may refuse testing and lose the benefit of zidovudine therapy. With voluntary testing, however, no woman would avoid prenatal care because of a fear of mandatory testing. Furthermore, a voluntary testing policy respects the patient's autonomy in making this important decision. Using a decision analysis model, we quantitatively evaluated the relative benefits and risks of mandatory compared with voluntary HIV testing of pregnant women. Methods The Model We constructed a decision tree for mandatory compared with voluntary HIV testing (Figure 1) and evaluated it with Decision Maker 7.0 software (New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts). The decision node represents the decision between mandatory and voluntary HIV testing. Each of these two main groups are further divided into a group that receives prenatal care and a group that does not. Figure 1. Decision tree showing testing and treatment patterns under a mandatory and a voluntary policy of testing for HIV in pregnant women. Under a policy of mandatory HIV testing in pregnant women, women who receive prenatal care would be tested for HIV infection and all those who do not receive prenatal care would not be tested. Under the current voluntary system, however, pregnant women who receive prenatal care are given the option of HIV testing. As with mandatory testing, women who do not receive prenatal care are not tested. Our decision tree includes two branches that relate infant outcome to whether HIV testing is performed and whether antiretroviral therapy is initiated. Women tested for HIV are either infected or not infected (Figure 1, branch A). An HIV-infected woman can either accept or refuse zidovudine therapy. The infant's outcome would be not infected, infected, or dead on the basis of the probability of HIV transmission and perinatal death. If the woman is not infected, the infant's outcome would be either not infected or dead. Women who are not tested for HIV infection would be either infected or not infected (Figure 1, branch B). Zidovudine therapy would not be offered to these women because their HIV status is unknown. The probability that the infant of an HIV-infected woman will become infected is increased if the woman does not receive zidovudine. The probability that the infant will die is higher if the woman does not receive prenatal care. Statistical Assumptions The probabilities for each variable in the model were either obtained from a review of the literature (based on a MEDLINE search) or estimated when reliable data were not available. We evaluated the effect of varying each probability within a clinically relevant range (Table 1). Table 1. Model Estimates for Base-Case and Sensitivity Analyses* Acceptance of Prenatal Care In 1993, 1.6% of pregnant women received no prenatal care and 3.2% of women did not seek care until the third trimester (total, 4.8%) [5]. We chose 1.6% as the baseline value of the percentage of women receiving no prenatal care under a voluntary HIV testing policy, which translates into a 98.4% acceptance rate for prenatal care. We also tested the model at a rate of 4.8% for women receiving no prenatal care (95.2% acceptance rate). We hypothesized that acceptance of prenatal care would be lower under a mandatory HIV testing system than under a voluntary system. Deterrence Rate Under either a mandatory or a voluntary HIV testing policy, some women will not receive prenatal care. We defined the deterrence rate as the percentage of women deterred from seeking prenatal care under a mandatory HIV testing policy (P2) in excess of those not currently receiving prenatal care (P1). The deterrence rate is calculated as P2 P (1) in Figure 1. For example, if 5 women in 1000 avoid prenatal care because of mandatory HIV testing, the deterrence rate is 0.5%. Because no data have been reported for this variable we varied the deterrence rate from 0.0% to 3.0% and chose 0.5% as the baseline value. Acceptance of Voluntary HIV Testing Depending on the setting, 77% to 97% of pregnant women agree to HIV testing [6-8]. Barbacci and colleagues [7] found that acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant women at high risk for HIV increased from 77% in 1987-1988 to 90% in 1989-1990 when HIV testing was offered with counseling. Even when HIV testing was not offered to pregnant women reporting a low risk for HIV infection, 48% asked for the test. However, when the same group was offered testing after being counseled, 90% accepted the test. Lindsay and colleagues [8] found a 97% acceptance rate among 4731 inner-city women who had been counseled about HIV testing during pregnancy. Using these data, we varied the acceptance of voluntary HIV testing from 72% to 97% in the model and used 85% as the baseline estimate. Acceptance of HIV testing in the mandatory branch was, by definition, maintained at 100%. Prevalence of HIV in Women of Child-Bearing Age The nationwide prevalence of HIV infection among women of child-bearing age was 1.7 per 1000 (0.17%) in 1993 [9]. At 5.8 cases per 1000, New York State has the highest prevalence of HIV infection among women of child-bearing age in the United States [10]. We used 0.17% as the baseline value for the prevalence of HIV infection among women of child-bearing age and varied the overall HIV prevalence in this segment of the population to 0.58% in the model. Throughout this article, the term national HIV prevalence refers to the prevalence of HIV infection among all women of child-bearing age in the United States. Prevalence of HIV in Pregnant Women Not Receiving Prenatal Care In the model, we used a range of 0.17% to 5.0% for HIV prevalence in women not receiving prenatal care. We chose this range because some demographic subgroups at higher risk for HIV (such as injection drug users) may also have decreased access to and use of prenatal care. Broekhuizen and colleagues [16] found that 45.6% of illicit drug users in their study compared with 17.2% of those not using drugs had five or fewer prenatal visits. Acceptance of Zidovudine by HIV-Infected Pregnant Women In ACTG-076, acceptance of zidovudine therapy was 95% [1]. Because the ACTG-076 cohort was highly motivated, the figure is probably an overestimate of the actual acceptance rate. We estimated that the acceptance rate ranges from 72% to 95% and used 85% as the baseline value for acceptance of zidovudine therapy in both the mandatory and voluntary branches of the model [11]. Benefit of Zidovudine in Reducing Vertical Transmission of HIV In ACTG-076, maternal-fetal transmission of HIV was 7.9% in the zidovudine group and 27.7% in the placebo group [1]. In our model, the transmission rate without antiretroviral therapy was held constant. However, we used a transmission rate among the recipients of antiretroviral therapy that ranged from a high of 7.9% to a low of 0.0% to account for the possibility that some of the newer antiretroviral agents may eliminate maternal-fetal transmission of HIV. Of note, ACTG-076 found that gestational age at study entry had no statistically significant influence on maternal-fetal transmission [1]. Benefit of Prenatal Care Quantifying the effect of prenatal care on perinatal mortality is difficult, and various studies have reached different conclusions [17]. Broekhuizen and colleagues [16] found that prenatal care had a greater effect on perinatal mortality in illicit drug users than in those not using illicit drugs. Among illicit drug users, perinatal mortality was 2.0 to 3.0 times higher in those who had fewer than five prenatal visits than in those who had more than five prenatal visits. Foster and colleagues [18] found a significant decrease in fetal deaths, from 35.4 to 7.0 per 1000 live births, in uninsured patients receiving prenatal care. In contrast, Piper and colleagues [19] found that expansion of Medicaid eligibility for prenatal care had no effect on perinatal mortality. The differences in the results of these studies are probably caused by differences in the study populations, the nature of prenatal care, and the size of the study samples. In 1988, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment conducted an extensive analysis of the effectiveness of prenatal care and found that prenatal care has a beneficial effect on two critical aspects of infant health: low birthweight (as a predictor of infant mortality) and neonatal mortality (independent of birthweight) [13]. Eisner and colleagues [14] examined U.S. birth registration data for single live birth


List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Introduction: Understanding "Watchdog Journalism" in an Authoritarian Country Chapter 2: Conceptualizing Investigative Journalism in China Chapter 3: The flourishing of Investigative Journalism in the 1990s Chapter 4: The fall of Investigative Journalism in the 21st century questioned Chapter 5: Maintaining the Legitimacy of Chinese Journalism Chapter 6: An Organisational Analysis: the case study of Southern Metropolis Daily Chapter 7: Reporting on Social Riots: how investigative journalists tell stories Chapter 8: Investigative Journalism and the Public Chapter 9: Conclusion: Investigative Journalism as a Reforming Force Bibliography


A Designated PCE (DP) election procedure for PCE Traffic Engineering Database creation and maintenance is proposed. A DP-based scheme is applied to improve the network stability and scalability while guaranteeing effective multi-layer Traffic Engineering performance.


The present invention relates to a portable apparatus (100) to generate functional hydrogen water characterized by comprising: a main body (110) including a cover (111) which is openable; a storage container (120) storing raw water: a storage container cover (130) coupled to the upper side of the storage container (120) including a discharge hole (131) formed to discharge hydrogen water; a filter block receiver (140) removably coupled to the inner part of the discharge hole (131) inside the storage container cover (130), and including a reducing block filter (144) therein; a gas discharge part (150) installed on the storage container cover (130) operating to discharge gas generated from the storage container (120) to the outside; an electrolysis part (160) installed on an inner lower surface of the storage container (120) including a first electrode (161) and a second electrode (162); a power part (170) installed in the main body (110); and a main control part (180) which receives power from the power part (170) and supplies an alternating current to the first and second electrodes (161, 162) in a manner of periodically reversing the positive pole and the negative pole thereof in a time period to prevent the production of a scale material.


Field-sequential color displays and digital color cameras require tunable filters with high- throughput, saturated colors, and rapid switching between bands. ColorLink has developed a new digital tunable filter technology that provides > 37% average transmission of unpolarized light in each primary band, saturated colors, sub-millisecond transition times between colors, and view-angles exceeding +/- 30 degree(s). Performance improvements are derived from proprietary color polarizer and achromatic liquid crystal switch technologies.


A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received:27 April, 2019 Accepted:27 May, 2019 Online: 10 June, 2019 This article presents a bridge crane nonlinear dynamic model in 2-dimensional space, and then given a novel adaptive fuzzy-sliding mode controller based on combining sliding mode control with fuzzy logic and Lyapunov function. Firstly, the article proposes an intermediate variable to link signal between two slide surfaces, related to trolley movement and payload swing. Then the fuzzy controller, compensative controller and parameter adaptive update law for the bridge crane are defined. The asymptotic stability of the proposed bridge crane control system is proven based on Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results show that the adaptive fuzzy-sliding mode controller ensures the trolley follows the input reference with the short settling time, eliminating steady error, and antipayload swing, anti-disturbance.


Objective To evaluate the regional myocardial dyssynchronicity and velocity of left ventricle (LV) in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) with tissue synchronization imaging(TSI). Methods The LV myocardium segments of 30 patients with CAD (case group) and 30 normal controls(control group) were detected by TSI technique and the tissue velocity images of longitudinal myocardium were obtained. The time-to-peak velocity(Tp) and the peak velocity(Vp) of all myocardial segments were examined, then the results were compared. Results The myocardium had good synchronicity in control group and was color-coded by well-distributed green, only minority displayed pale yellow. But in case group, the rule of myocardial synchrony disappeared. The myocardium was color-coded by bad-distributed colors of green, yellow or red. The segments coded by yellow or red in case group were much more than those of control group(P(0.005)). Compared with control group, the Tp of LV anterior wall and interventricular septum(IVS) in case group was much higher than that of control group(P(0.001)). The apex-to-base gradient of tissue velocity was lost in case group. The mean Vp of all segments except apical segment of IVS in case group decreased more significantly than that of control group(P(0.05)). Conclusions TSI is a new and non-invasive investigation, which can quantitatively assess the regional myocardial Tp and Vp, judge the myocardial segments of ischemia or infarction directly and quickly.


Purpose – To establish tourist visitation to new tourism areas is in most cases dependent on tourists' behavior. Indeed, tourist visitation is considered among the primary components of the marine tourism operation. Such behavior is usually enacted in the form of destination awareness, destination image and motivation. Word of mouth is likely to influence tourist to visit. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that may influence tourists to visit marine tourist destinations. Design/methodology/approach – The study has utilized self-administered questionnaire survey and the target population are the visitors that came to FRI Aquarium. The survey period was from August 2012 to September 2012. Total of 179 responses were collected during this period. Findings – This study demonstrates that destination awareness, motivation and WOM are factors that influence the tourist to visit the FRI Aquarium. Interestingly, destination image however, has shown insignificant relationship with tourist visitati...


Abstract : Sessions: Modeling and Simulation; Medium Caliber Systems; Weapon Systems; Missiles and Rockets; Large Caliber; Energetics; Technology and Manufacture; Mortars and Artillery.


In this paper, a method is proposed for producing monoergetic high-quality ion beams in vacuum, via direct acceleration by the electromagnetic (EM) field of two counterpropagating variable-frequency lasers. Ions are trapped and accelerated by a beat-wave structure with variable phase velocity, allowing for fine control over the energy and the charge of the beam via tuning of the frequency variation. The physical mechanism is described with a 1-D theory, providing the general conditions for trapping and scaling laws for the relevant features of the ion beam. Two-dimensional EM particle-in-cell simulations, in which hydrogen gas is considered as an ion source, confirm the validity and the robustness of the method.


Dr. David F. Maas and the English Department of Ambassador University at Big Sandy, Texas, sponsored their Fourth Annual Invitational General Semantics Symposium held on March 30 and 31, 1997. This brings to a conclusion an increasingly fine series of presentations at Ambassador University, which closes at the end of the current term. The series has generated contributions to ETC, to the recent large-scale International Interdisciplinary Conference held at Hofstra University at the end of 1995, and to the forthcoming anthology with the working title E-Prime III! which the International Society for General Semantics will publish in the fall of 1997. These Ambassador symposia have had as their focus the enrichment of Dr. Maas' English 412 class, and they have increasingly attracted the participation of other members of the Ambassador faculty, as well as general semantics scholars from various parts of the United States; last year it also featured a paper by Dr. Ruta Marcinkeviciene from Lithuania. It further benefited both this year and the year before last from the participation of Milton Dawes from Montreal, Canada. Once again, Dr. Maas kindly asked this writer to lead off the presentations for Sunday evening. I described recent work on "Quantitative Studies of the Korzybskian Spectra," which concerns certain aspects of the Symbol level, as seen through the lens of the [Sigma]EOS Model. The four basic Korzybskian Spectra reflect assumptions of continua ranging from Identity to non-Identity, Allness to non-Allness, Elementalism to non-Elementalism, and Intensionality to Extensionality. In each instance I provided simple techniques for calculating a numerical measure (with values ranging from zero to unity) to assign a piece of writing or speech to a location on each of those spectra. Thanks to the computer program "Crisp-E 1.1" written by Ruskin Taylor Bourland, a sizable amount of data show the results of considering estimates for indexes pertaining to the non-Identity and non-Allness spectra together. Estimates for values pertaining to all four spectra for two books, one not yet available on electronic media, illustrated a more complete profile. Next Stephen J. Allen, an Instructor in Biological Sciences at Ambassador, discussed issues of interest to us all in his paper, "Towards a Non-Aristotelian Epistemology of Science." He began by introducing the struggles philosophers of science have had over the years concerning the nature and limits of science. He asserted that the "consistent criticism and non-agreement in the many approaches generated over the past few centuries lie squarely in the attempt to constrain science to the limited and specific Aristotelian logical forms." He concluded by suggesting the following description of science: "A uniquely human activity which attempts to arrive [ever closer to the event level] through non-Aristotelian formulations or inferences by abstracting structural-functional ideas from universal phenomena through the semantic reactions of its practitioners as those practitioners interact with and participate in the universe." The first evening concluded with Milton Dawes' presentation, entitled "Life as a Complex of Rhythms." Dawes currently serves as a Trustee of the Institute of General Semantics. By using two pendulums he illustrated the difficulty of matching any two rhythms, even very simple ones. He illustrated our different time-senses by having us estimating the length of a minute, without consulting our watches. Our guesses went from 40 seconds to a minute and 20 seconds. Milton finally passed out a variety of percussion devices, reserving a special drum for himself. We proceeded to construct some extremely complex rhythms. The following morning the symposium continued with the noted linguist Dr. Fred Tarpley, of East Texas, leading off. He spoke on "Semantic Signals in the Student Directory of an Affluent High School." He mentioned significantly that the parents ran the cafeteria at this school to ensure that their children received high quality food. …


IN March, 1887, Henry M. Stanley ("the man who found Livingstone") started up the Congo River in West Africa to find Emin Pasha. Emin, a European white man, was the governor of the Egyptian Equator...


A remarkable badland valley is situated near Kazar, NE-Hungary, where rhyolite tuff outcrops as greyishwhite cliffs and white barren patches. The landform is shaped by gully and rill erosion processes. Weperformed a preliminary state UAS survey and created a digital surface model and ortophotograph. Theflight was operated with manual control in order to perform a more optimal coverage of the aerial images.The overhanging forests induced overexposed photographs due to the higher contrast with the baretuff surface. The multiresolution segmentation method allowed us to classify the ortophotograph andseparate the tuff surface and the vegetation. The applied methods and final datasets in combination withthe subsequent surveys will be used for detecting the recent erosional processes of the Kazar badland


Clostridium difficile is one of the most common causes of healthcare associated infection in the United States. Despite significant attention and resources, national rates increased dramatically between 2000-2011 and have only started to decline in the last five years.. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) updated their clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of C. difficile disease in 2017. The recommended changes in therapeutic guidelines, recommendations for pediatric patient populations, and overview of available diagnostics are described herein. Additionally, this review discusses the changing epidemiology, examines the pathophysiology of the disease process, and outlines current infection control and prevention strategies.
 This review has 6 figures and 9 tables.
Key Words: Clostridium difficile, diarrhea, colitis, antibiotics, spores, nosocomial, hospital


We show that controlling the phase difference among the various tones of a multitone phase modulator can substantially increase the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold during optical fiber transmission. We present detailed modeling and experimental validation of the effect. This result should be especially useful for optical networks requiring high signal launch power.


We demonstrate the first 1050nm MEMS-eVCSEL co-packaged with a wideband amplifier to achieve over 70nm wavelength tuning at over 30mW of output power and SMSR greater than 40dB. Ophthalmic Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) images acquired at 800kHz A-scan rates showcase the telecom grade 14pin butterfly co-package as a path to low cost swept source OCT engines. Device design employs a strain-compensated InGaAs/GaAsP gain region disposed on a wideband fully oxidized GaAs/AlxOy back mirror capable of tuning ranges beyond 100nm. It has been suggested the wideband fully oxidized GaAs/AlxOy back mirror may pose risk to device lifetime reliability. However, over 9000hrs of lifetime testing validates reliability and projects device lifetimes exceed 20,000hrs under continuous use.


Low-dimensional metal halide perovskites possessing a large exciton binding energy have shown great promise in achieving efficient photonic emission required in the fields of lighting sources and d...


The authors provide a general overview of the application design for the Sizewell B nuclear power station primary protection system. They provide an indication of the functional specification for the system and the safety design bases to be satisfied. Some general descriptive detail of the system design is provided together with some specific comments on hardware/software considerations.


Numerical solutions are obtained for unsteady seepage through an embankment cross section that is typical of the many flood control embankments used in New Zealand. Free surface profiles following an instantaneous drop in river level are presented in dimensionless form and are checked with a Hele-Shaw experiment. A criterion is found for assessing the applicability of the instantaneous drawdown assumption in any given application. The solutions are compared with commonly used solutions of the linearized and nonlinear Dupuit equation, and it is found that both Dupuit approximations break down because of relatively large vertical velocity components along the free surface that occur immediately after the sudden drop in river level.


This research examined the association between executive compensation and accounting irregularities in Indonesia. Employing 1,100 firm-year observations during 2014 to 2017 period, we found that executive compensation is positively associated with accounting irregularities. This result is robust after we mitigated a serial order correlation of accounting irregularities and a self-selection bias using propensity score matching. We also discovered a positive relationship after considering alternative measures of accounting irregularities. Furthermore, we documented that the positive association between executive compensation and accounting irregularities is stronger for firms with higher board independence. Our findings provide important insights for regulators and Asian emerging market regulators who are considering promoting equity incentives for listed firms.


Control-flow hijack attacks remain a major security problem, despite many years of research aimed at mitigating them. Code-Pointer Integrity (CPI) [2] is the first protection mechanism that systematically prevents all such attacks while keeping performance overhead low. In the upcoming S&P'15 paper, Evans et al. [1] claim that CPI can be bypassed on x86-64 and ARM architectures. This poster is a clarifying response to the claims in [1] that CPI as a whole has a security weakness. The CPI property by itself is secure as shown by a formal correctness proof [2]. Bugs or weaknesses in specific CPI implementations can lead to security weaknesses. We discuss different implementation alternatives, analyze their security guarantees and performance implications, and demonstrate that the attack presented in [1] is only effective against the simplest proof-ofconcept implementation of CPI. The presented attack cannot subvert the other implementation alternatives, e.g., the ones using hardware-enforced segmentation or software fault isolation. I. CODE-POINTER INTEGRITY Code-Pointer Integrity (CPI) [2] is a protection mechanism that prevents all control-flow hijack attacks that are caused by memory corruption errors with low performance overhead. CPI instruments C/C++ programs at compile time, enforcing precise memory safety for all direct and indirect pointers to code in a program, which ensures the above security guarantee. CPI comes with a proof of correctness outlined in [2]. CodePointer Separation (CPS) is a simplified version of CPI that provides practical protection against most control-flow hijack attacks by ensuring the integrity of direct pointers to code only. The performance overhead of our CPI implementation on SPEC2006 benchmarks is 8.4% on average, while the performance overhead of CPS is 1.9% on average. CPI achieves low performance overhead by limiting memory safety enforcement to sensitive pointers only (i.e., direct or indirect pointers to code). The key idea is to split program memory into two isolated regions: the safe region stores all sensitive pointers, and the regular region stores everything else. CPI uses static analysis to identify program instructions that may access the safe region, and instruments them with memory safety checks. CPI employs instruction-level isolation in order to prevent all other instructions from accessing the safe region, even if hijacked by the attacker. In order to avoid changing the memory layout of the regular region, CPI reserves the locations normally occupied by sensitive pointers in the regular region and, in the safe region, it maintains a map from the addresses of these reserved locations to pointer values and corresponding metadata required for memory safety checks. An implementation of CPI or CPS consists of (i) a static analysis pass that splits all memory accesses in a program into those that may access sensitive pointers and those that cannot, (ii) an instrumentation pass that instruments all accesses that might access sensitive pointers to use the safe region and inserts runtime checks that enforce memory safety of these accesses, and (iii) an instruction-level isolation mechanism that prevents all memory accesses that are not instrumented with memory safety checks from ever accessing the safe region, even if a memory access is compromised by an attacker. This poster focuses on the third step, as do Evans et al. [1]. We implemented and presented in [2] multiple mechanisms that efficiently enforce instruction-level isolation using either hardware-enforced segmentation, software fault isolation, or randomization and information hiding. The security guarantees and performance implications of these mechanisms are summarized in Table I, we discuss them in detail below. We focus on design choices behind each mechanism and ignore potential non-design bugs in the prototypes we released. The attack in [1] focuses on one of these mechanisms, namely the one based on information hiding, and it is only effective against its simplest proof-of-concept implementation. A. Hardware-Enforced Segmentation Based Implementation On architectures that support hardware-enforced segmentation, CPI uses this feature directly to enforce instruction-level isolation. In such implementations, CPI dedicates a segment register to point to the safe memory region, and it enforces, at compile time, that only instructions instrumented with memory safety checks use this segment register. CPI configures all other segment registers, which are used by non-instrumented instructions, to prevent all accesses to the safe region through these segment registers on the hardware level. Hardware-enforced segmentation is supported on x86-32 CPUs, but also on some x86-64 CPUs (see the Long Mode Segment Limit Enable flag), which demonstrates that adding segmentation to x86-64 CPUs is feasible, provided the techniques that could benefit from it prove to be indeed valuable. This implementation of CPI is precise and imposes zero performance overhead on instructions that do not access sensitive pointers. It is not vulnerable to the attack in [1]. B. Software Fault Isolation Based Implementation On architectures where hardware-enforced segmentation is not available (e.g., ARM and most of the x86-64 CPUs), the instruction-level isolation can be enforced using lightweight


The diagnosis and therapy of pain is routine in common practice of almost all clinical fields. Whilst acute pain may be controlled fairly easily, the treatment of chronic pain patients may be frustrating if conventional approaches for analgesia are chosen. Only a specialized and multidisciplinary procedure is beneficial for advanced stages of pain chronification. Precisely, an adequate treatment program has to consider biological, psychological and social aspects of chronic pain.


..................................................................................................ii Chapter 1: Introduction.......................................................................................1 Trauma Research.....................................................................................1 Trauma in the College Population..................................................................3 Differential Impacts of Trauma.................................................................................4 Categories of Maltreatment.................................................................5 Number vs. Severity of Traumatic Experiences.........................................6 Resilience..............................................................................................7 Protective Factors......................................................................................8 Differential Impacts of Protective Factors...........................................................9 Individual, Familial, and Communal Categories of Protective Factors .............10 Relationships between Maltreatment and Protective Factors.................................12 Relationships Among Categories of Protective Factors ..............................13 College Adjustment.................................................................................14 Background of the Social Emotional Resources Inventory....................................15 Resilience as a Target for Intervention...........................................................16 Current Study........................................................................................17 Chapter 2: Method............................................................................................22 Participants............................................................................................22 Measures..............................................................................................23 Procedure.............................................................................................26 Data Analysis........................................................................................27 Chapter 3: Results.............................................................................................30 Number vs. Severity of Traumatic Events.......................................................30


A founding editor of Sound Scripts, Jonathan W. Marshall, introduces the essays that follow in volume six of the journal, taking the reader through a tour of informatic exchanges, truths and falsehoods. In the 1995 documentary entitled Predictions of Fire which deals with the Slovenian industrial band Laibach, Slavoj Žižek outlines what he calls "over-identification." According to Žižek, contemporary fascism is a kind of lie or fiction, because fascists cover up their brutal, violent and hateful ideology with a pretence of rational argument and humanist compassion for the people whom they claim to protect. At the time that the documentary was made, no one took the infiltration of fascism and anti-democratic organisations into Europe very seriously. It seemed obvious at the time that fascists were playing a game of subterfuge. They publicly promoted a rational policy of national unity and public engagement, while privately nurturing anti-democratic, violent principles. According to Laibach and Žižek, the only answer to this state of affairs was to take fascism and totalitarianism more seriously—or more honestly and truthfully—than the enemies of democracy themselves did. By actively embodying and overtly performing the otherwise disavowed elements of fascism, the band Laibach hoped to open up a space to critique fascism and its ongoing presence within democratic institutions. In short, Laibach represented fascism more accurately than either the fascists, or the lacklustre, often corrupt, so-called "democratic" politicians of their own age. The documentary Predictions of Fire closes with a quotation from the Polish poet Czeslaw Milosz: "Learn to predict a fire with unerring precision. Then burn down the building to fulfil the prediction." Laibach do not denounce fascism as a falsehood, nor do they denounce fascists as liars. Suspended somewhere between irony and an active support of their enemies, Laibach aim to pre-emptively predict the death of European democracy precisely so that they might kill both so-called "democracy" and its fascist enemies, and start anew. Only through such a purgative strategy of double-negatives might a true democracy emerge. This is their "prediction of fire." Volume six of the Sound Scripts represents a significant milestone for the journal. Sound Scripts was founded in 2006 by Cat Hope and myself, Jonathan W. Marshall, to provide selected presenters from the Totally Huge New Music Festival Conference with the opportunity to rework their earlier oral presentations into full length, peer-reviewed articles. The early editions of Sound Scripts were distributed through personal and scholarly networks, library donations, and after 2009, via the auspices of the national Australian Music Centre (https://www.australianmusiccentre.com.au/). The journal quickly developed an international readership, spreading from Australia to New Zealand, Europe and America. Accessing articles nevertheless remained difficult for many readers. With volume six however Sound Scripts is published online as an open access journal. The previous volumes are also being digitised, and 1 Marshall: Editorial Introduction: Circuits of Art and Communication in the Published by Research Online, 2019 Sound Scripts, vol. 6 (2019), https://ro.ecu.edu.au/soundscripts/ ISSN 2209-1475 2 we hope to have the full Sound Script archive available online before the start of 2020 (see https://ro.ecu.edu.au/soundscripts/, ISSN 2209-1475). As Helen Rusak explains in her article within this volume: The consequence of the culture of [digitisation,] multimedia and real-virtuality is that they capture the utter diversity of most cultural expressions and put an end to separation and classification of different cultural fields, categorisations and genres. This has consequences for music distribution, Rusak outlining how Elena Kats-Chernin's score for the ballet Wild Swans initially languished on store shelves before the piece was reworked for an international banking advertisement and subsequently entered the digital, online economy, showing up on the dance charts before moving onto the "YouTube remix vlogosphere." While it is unlikely that Sound Scripts will experience quite such an explosive rise in distribution, the online journal now functions in a similar manner, serving as an interdisciplinary platform or community wherein diverse artist-driven practices might interact and cross-pollinate. These developments in informatic exchange present rich new opportunities for artists, scholars and audiences, but also challenges. In 2016, many commentators claimed that society had entered an era after truth, in which clear agreement on basic factual concepts or forms of verification had collapsed. The underlying paradox of this situation is that while the "post truth" world is critiqued and attacked on all sides, no one actually advocates the abandoning of truth and associated principals of verification. Commentators on all sides, US President Donald Trump included, claim to be defenders of truth. It is always the opponents of the speaker who apparently deny fundamental truths. Trump lashes out at "fake news," and, at least in his own telling, it is never Trump who is to blame for perpetuating untruths. What this reveals is that the criteria upon which something might be judged true or false are specific to any given community. Truth is transactional, not absolute, emerging out of the act of communication itself. Indeed, truth and authenticity can only emerge out of a dialectic confrontation with falsehood and inauthenticity. The authors collected in volume six of Sound Scripts address in different ways such issues of communicative exchange and the distribution of power. In his study of the New Zealand underground band The Stones, Darren Jorgenson argues that within a world so full rock, punk and garage bands, the only way to produce something genuinely "truthful" or innovative is to adopt a stance of irony and indifference—to mock that which one so skilfully reproduces. Through a semi-satirical "mimicry of rock," New Zealand's The Stones "also produced great rock music, their nonchalance achieving the quality of authentic expression that defines the rock attitude itself." The Stones might be seen, in this sense, as over-identifying with The Rolling Stones to such a degree that they achieve rock'n'roll greatness in their own right, potentially displacing their mirror selves. The US New Music pioneer Anne LeBaron makes a similar point about her early collaborations as part of the Midwestern art movement, Raudelunas. At the level of musical complexity and sonic density, Pierre Boulez's serialist masterpiece Structures 1a for Two Pianos (1952) is comparable to the recording Dinosaur Time (1980) by Raudelunas' artists Nolan Hatcher and Craig Nutt. In Boulez's words, the artists performing both works have purged "every trace of the conventional, whether it concerned figures and phrases, or development and form" such that, as LeBaron puts it, the structural rules governing both pieces seem all but "random." By accepting this blurring of classifications, or, as LeBaron would have it, by "cavorting along the truthiness bridge," she and her colleagues kept their "creative spirits ... intact as we engaged with one another in a self-created and unstructured environment of our own making." Tinkering with truth, 2 Sound Scripts, Vol. 6, Iss. 1 [2019], Art. 4 https://ro.ecu.edu.au/soundscripts/vol6/iss1/4 Sound Scripts, vol. 6 (2019), https://ro.ecu.edu.au/soundscripts/ ISSN 2209-1475 3 authenticity and playful communication, Raudelunas and New Zealand's underground bands create their own joyous communities of practice and exchange. Some truths are particularly hard to approach because they exceed the capacities of human comprehension. Timothy Morton has proposed the term "hyperobject" to refer to an entity of such vast temporal and spatial dimensions that it is conceptually impossible for humans to fully encompass their nature. Hyperobjects are "massively distributed in time and space relative to humans" such that it is impossible to hold within one's consciousness every single instance of them at the same time. These are "genuine nonhuman objects that are not simply the products of a human gaze" and which have the potential to act on humans and human systems, sometimes with catastrophic results. One may model a hyperobject in abstract or computational terms, but their total phenomenal presence is, by definition, beyond the capacities of the human. The earth's climatic systems and the chaotic interactions of humaninduced climate change are amongst some of the most important hyperobjects with which we must now engage. Morton stresses the uncanny "weirdness," "monstrosity," and "strange strangeness" of the natural world when considered in these terms. Cissi Tsang argues in her contribution to Sound Scripts that in order to more fully engage with the presence and consequences of such environmental systems, one strategy is to subject biological information to computational translation which produces audiovisual patterns and extended durations which represent the extended times and effects of global change and depletion. Digital poetics of this kind may help us come to terms with, experience, and communicate, some of these vital truths. Many of the authors in Sound Scripts echo LeBaron and Tsang by extolling abstract, poetic, mystical or uncanny forms of sonic organisation as a way to discover new truths and to extend listening and compositional possibilities. Erik Griswold for example reworks the egotistical, aggressively masculine art of Jackson Pollock as a way to paint scores which demand creative reinterpretation and collaboration with the players. Griswold's drip scores are expressive and gestural in their own right, but they do not closely dictate how the musician should interpret them. The looping lines and physical lyricism of the scores must be picked up


Supported by the teacher unions in 2008, President Obama has nonetheless been more independent about defining his vision for reforming education.


The advent of connected autonomous vehicles provides opportunities for safer, smoother, and smarter transportation. However, broadcasting information to surrounding vehicles and infrastructures risks security and privacy. Moreover, control decisions relying on such information are vulnerable to malicious attacks. In this paper, we propose a cooperative control strategy incorporating with efficient multi-party computation (MPC). In an effort to perform secure MPC without third-party authentication while reducing latency, we integrate a function secret sharing scheme with a distributed oblivious random access memory. We further design an adaptive proportional-derivative controller to increase resilience toward latency and adversaries. Theoretical foundations and limitations are also discussed.


In this paper, fault and state estimation issue for wheeled mobile manipulators with time delay, using a novel sliding mode observer (SMO) approach has been discussed. It is well-known that the traditional SMO method, i.e., the equivalent output error injection technique cannot be simply employed to Markov jump systems (MJSs) to estimate actuator faults. In this paper, we propose a novel SMO to reconstruct the actuator and sensor faults for MJSs with time delay. First, we decouple the actuator faults from the first subsystem by utilizing coordinate transformation technique. Then, construct an augmented plant for the new system and propose a novel reduced-order SMO. By the proposed novel SMO, the state and fault can be reconstructed simultaneously. Finally, an illustrative wheeled mobile manipulator example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The properties of ion-implanted layers in undoped s.i. GaAs substrates have been studied and found to be correlated to the initial bulk resistivity of the wafers, which in turn is determined by the content of residual shallow acceptors. With decreasing resistivity from \gtrsim 108 Ωcm to \lesssim 107 Ωcm the implanted layer sheet resistance decreases, the pinch-off voltage increases and the carrier profiles become broader. High purity material with very low background acceptor concentration shows highest carrier activation and superior reproducibility and appears to be favourable for ion-implantation applications. The results are in agreement with the substrate barrier model.


In order to reconstruct the march of climate before instrumental observations in Japan, Historical Weather Data Base has been constructed. Weather descriptions in historical documents, such as official diaries of Feudal Clans in Edo Era, or of local offices in each clan, are objects of the data base. Other descriptions are in those diaries of large temples, large shrines and large farmers, and in some of private diaries Considering the description of weather phenomena in old diaries, they were grouped into 13 weather conditions In this data base, "weather range" means weather conditions in a day. A rough tendency of the weather in a day (HN), or remarkable conditions such as hot, cold, dry and wet (HT), are also important to understand weather conditions for each day. Accompanied phenomena (TK) and wind conditions (KT, TT, KH) are also objects to encode. Daily weather records for the years from 1700 to 1889 are mainly under collections. So far, more than 2, 500 years weather records have been inputted in the daily data base. The main files of the system are PC-DA (paleo climatic data), and PC-REC (paleo climatic record). The former consists of encoded weather data which will be used chiefly to retrieve weather conditions and to draw maps or to make tables. The latter contains weather descriptions in each day with Katakana, one of the Japanese characters. This will support detailed investigationAs an index of wet or dry condition for each month, "PI" is proposed. Weather conditions having some relations with precipitation are grouped to three kinds. Monthly frequencies of each type are multiplied by constants. These are 1 for "little rain", 2 for "rain" and 5 for "much rain". The total value in each month in each day is "PI", which is useful for the comparison within the same daily series. The scatter diagrams of PI in Kokura Kita Kyushu City and Precipitation at Moji for each season are shown in Fig. 4. Time series of PI in 6 cities show the existence of different march in summer precipitations over Japan (Fig. 5). The monthly conditions in summer months from 1781 to 1789 are reconstructed in Fig. 6.


CASE
A 61-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of left hip pain and a 6-month history of left groin swelling associated with hypoesthesia and proximal muscle weakness. Radiograph of the left hip showed degenerative joint disease. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large, anteriorly displaced paralabral cyst of the left hip joint. Neurophysiologic studies were corroborative of left femoral mononeuropathy. Complete excision of the cyst along with total hip replacement were performed. At 4-year follow-up, there was complete remission with resolution of symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
Our experience emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing the underlying primary pathologic disease for a satisfactory functional outcome.


Edge computing is a new computing model that is different from the traditional cloud computing model. It helps to relieve the pressure on the network bandwidth and cloud computing center, reduce the computing system latency, and improve the service responsiveness by deploying computing and storage resources closer to the network edge and data source. Edge computing has been widely used and rapidly developed in the civil field due to its numerous benefits. In order to make better use of edge computing technology in military applications, we have carefully analyzed the characteristics of the military application environment. In response to these characteristics, we believe that edge computing technology can be applied to the field of equipment maintenance in order to improve equipment maintenance effectiveness. Based on these, researchers proposed a deployment model and main application scenarios for edge computing technology utilized in the equipment support field. Finally, researchers summarized three major advantages and proposed three suggestions to promote the use of edge computing technology in the equipment support field.


Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is being considered a key technology for 5G systems. In this work, we consider power-domain NOMA schemes for downlink orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions. Moreover, we consider the use of an efficient, nonlinear power amplification. We analyze the nonlinear distortion effects associated with the power amplifier and show that the nonlinear distortion can be severe, preventing the use of conventional NOMA receivers. In that context, we propose a receiver that estimates and cancels the nonlinear distortion and enables the implementation of power-domain NOMA schemes in strongly nonlinear OFDM scenarios.


In order to increase the system capacity in next generation wireless networks, defining new packet scheduling and resource allocation algorithms can be an approach. In the context of the existence of multiple Component Carriers in LTE-Advanced, there is an added degree of freedom which can be used for these radio resource management algorithms. This paper presents a QoS-aware scheduling algorithm, designed for use in an LTE-Advanced system. It is compared to traditional algorithms such as Round Robin and Proportional Fair. Results show that in some situations it provides better performances than the previous algorithms.


An exact analytical expression for the transmission probability of electron transport through the superlattice (SL) modeled by a finite number of periodic rectangular multibarrier structures (PRMBS's) in one dimension is presented. The explicit correlation between the resonance properties and the SL potential structure as well as miniband structure is obtained


The implement of the new generation geometrical product specificalions (GPS) which is based on metrology has greatly facilitated the study on the evaluation of geometric error,the paper focus on the method of error evaluation in perpendicularity of shaft parts.It presents the construction of operator formation for error evaluation in perpendicularity and the mathematical models of shaft parts which are based on the least squares method and the minimum zone method.The software in assessment of error evaluation in perpendicularity of shaft parts is designed by VB program. the perpendicularity is 304.133um and 288.846um respectively according to the experimental analysis.. It is concluded that the error of perpendicularity can be obtained by mathematical models which are based on the minimum zone and the least square method.Besides ,the error obtained by the minimum zone method is smaller than that is obtained by the least squares method.


CLINICAL GOVERNANCE IS: (1) practising professional standards of care to ensure risks are diminished; (2) rapidly detecting, investigating and learning from adverse events; (3) disseminating rapidly good practice; and (4) having systems in place to ensure continuous improvements in clinical care. The major challenge facing the NHS is the rising tide of emergency work, especially in acute medicine; the Accident & Emergency (A&E) department is in the front line, leading initiatives to provide the best and most appropriate management for the sickest patients.* To ensure the successful enactment of clinical governance in A&E departments, they must be appropriately funded and staffed, well organized and managed, and fully supported by other specialities and services.324 Standards for A&E services have now been defined,5 as has the provision of acute general hospital services.' Consultants and senior nurses in A&E medicine must ensure that suitable systems are in place to cope both with the relatively high percentage of trainees working in their departments and also the high turnover ofjunior staff.' As the number of consultants within any one department increases, so will the pro1


Water plays a vital role in our existence on this planet. Without water there would be no life. Water is now an emerging issue in the contemporary agenda of urbanism. This is probably not such a surprise, as we are constantly reminded of the consequences of climate change, the ongoing intensification of the water cycle (Huntington 2006), urban flooding, rising sea levels, increases in global river runoff (Miller and Russell 1992), the changes in water resource availability, and an amplification of warming through the water vapour feedback. The list of environmental, economical, social, and political issues involving water increases year after year, as the natural forces of water seem to take their revenge on so much of the environmentally insensitive urban planning and development.


In this paper the design scheme of GIS system for Xuzhou urban area electric distribution network is discussed. The scheme is improved according the actual conditiom and its function is enlarged. As a result the operating feature is significantly improved, and the working process and management parttern of related departments are fundamentally defined.


This paper presents the statistical optimization study of disinfection inactivation parameters of defatted Moringa oleifera seed extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial cells. Three level factorial design was used to estimate the optimum range and the kinetics of the inactivation process was also carried. The inactivation process involved comparing different disinfection models of Chicks-Watson, Collins-Selleck and Homs models. The results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the statistical optimization process revealed that only contact time was significant. The optimum disinfection range of the seed extract was 125 mg/L, 30 minutes and 120rpm agitation. At the optimum dose, the inactivation kinetics followed the Collin-Selleck model with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.6320. This study is the first of its kind in determining the inactivation kinetics of pseudomonas aeruginosa using the defatted seed extract.


Tritiated digoxin was given to 11 patients when anephric prior to renal transplant. These patients exhibited high digoxin serum levels, increased digoxin serum half-times, and reduced excretion of digoxin compared to those of patients with congestive heart failure and normal BUN and are similar in this respect to patients with severe compromise of renal function. The stool excretion of digoxin is increased in anephric patients, but this does not compensate for the lack of renal excretion of digoxin. These findings indicate the need for prudent administration of digoxin to anephric patients, as well as those with renal failure. Often the dose of digoxin may be reduced as much as one third to one half of the usual maintenance dose.


A review of selected acute phase proteins (APPs) with veterinary importance is given. It appears that APPs represent as suitable analytes for evaluation of animal health. Acute phace proteins are usually glycoproteins. Exceptions are C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA). Acute phase proteins can be used as diagnostic tool in many diseases like bovine respiratory syncytial virus, prostate cancer, bronchopneumonia, multiple myeloma, mastitis, Streptococcus suis infection, starvation, or lymphatic neoplasia and thus, APPs may provide an alternative means of monitoring animal health. The functions of the APPs are varied but generally relate to the defense of the animal to pathological damage and restoration of homeostasis. Indeed the acute phase response is an integral component of the innate immune response forming the first reaction of the host to pathogens and tissue damage. The innate response and the APP predate the acquired immune response during evolution.


Although comparison is one of the most useful data validity evaluation method, it has a few potential drawbacks. One of them is that results from the training or the testing a machine learning model shall be obtained. Another one is that uncertainty due to the machine learning model itself may cause a difficulty in evaluating the data validity. In this paper, a new data validity evaluation method was proposed so that these drawbacks can be made up by the proposed method. The proposed method enables a data validity evaluation to be performed in data collection phase or data pre-processing phase. Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) offers the methodological background to the proposed method.


What image of american society does hollywood project? to answer this question, 99 blockbusters, produced between 1985 and 1994, have been analysed for their genre, their tone and their themes, all of which are drawn from the fads, myths and tends of thought which characterize america at the end of this century. Indigenous american genres, such as the western, the cartoon, or the musical, have been grafted onto others, creating a new identity for commercial films which directly addresses the audience's collective unconscious. The plots increasingly depart from the rational and venture into the supernatural and a fictional world of science. Spiraling around the personality of a central actor who provides his interpretation of the clasic american hero. The tone of these films attempts to be realistic. The vocabulary is usually colloquial and often profane. Violence is graphic, sex explicit, though prefontal or total nudity seldom makes an appearance. One could easily conclude that censorship has all but disappeared. However, it has merely taken another from : the unswerving observance of the tacit rules governing the politically-correct american society. The identity crisis in the united states, which followed the post-war years of economic prosperity and the defeat in vietnam, are reflected in hollywood's blockbusters. These films reveal the fission of the nuclear family, and the incessant duel between solitary heroes and corrupt or ineffectual social and political institutions. The right to succed and the pursuit of happiness are accompanied by societal duties, such as the defense of democratic principles. A determined individual who believes in god, america and himself, always defeats evil. The deformed image of american society projected on the screen by the blockbusters bears testimony to the fact that the american dream, in all its mythical splendor, is alive and well, and thriving in hollywood.