Among the Looks recently received, we would first advert to the ? Army Meteorological Register, for Twelve Years, of the United States,' compiled under the direction of Brevet-Brigadier-General Thomas Lawson, Surgeon-General to the U.S. Army, a work evincing great labour and research. We mention Dr. Conolly's important work on the ' Treatment of Insanity' merely to state that the review which we have prepared of it, unavoidably stands over to our next number. From India we have


With the rapid development of society, the talents of colleges and universities under the traditional education system can no longer meet the requirements of the society. Therefore, all major colleges and universities should innovate in teaching methods and focus on cultivating diversified and multi-level compound application talents. The goal is to enhance students' innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities. This article is guided by innovation and entrepreneurship ability, and studies the construction of a high-quality curriculum system for accounting majors, hoping to improve the teaching quality of accounting majors.


The invention discloses a corrugated structure of a corrugated roll, namely a novel micro corrugation which has the advantages that the bearing intensity for the plane pressure and parallel pressure of a paper board is improved by 20%, and the paper consumption rate is reduced by 7-8% compared with the existing G corrugation paper board under the condition of the same paper and the pressure. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the corrugated structure of the corrugated roll comprises a corrugated type; the corrugated type comprises a tooth height, a tooth top circle, a tooth bottom circle and a pitch; and in the tooth-shaped structure, the tooth height H is 0.4-0.5mm, the tooth top circle radius r is 0.3-0.4mm, the tooth bottom circle radius R is 0.65-0.75mm, and the pitch T is 1.45-1.82mm.


The main intent of the psychoanalytical approach on organizations is to comprehend what happens to individuals who work in groups and organizations and also to understand the effect of organizations to individuals. Understand the dynamics of organized groups, but without putting individuality in the background, can bring new perspectives to the research and implementations in the area of organizational behaviour, management and leadership. This disparate approach can help organizations and individuals within organization to maintain togetherness, and enhance the effectiveness of organizational work in which will lead to high performance and success. This paper aims to shed light on leadership, relationship among leaders and followers, and understanding of discursive nature of organizational identity from the perspectives of Psychoanalytical Approach based on works of Freud, Lacan, Bion and etc.. In actual literature, the researches on organizational behaviour are mostly carried with humanistic or cognitive and behavioural approach, which explains organizations but the main shortcoming of that researches is that they do not investigate in depth and excluding the individuality from their understanding.


The communication protocols of different intelligent equipment in pumping stations are usually inconsistent,so the communication efficiency of pumping station monitoring systems is lowered and the cost increased.The programmable communication management equipment SJ-30 solves the problem easily.The reform of Huai'an pumping station monitoring system is introduced,and the application of the communication management equipment to the reform is emphasized.


Some of the different health issues concerning rooming houses and their residents are discussed. Several initiatives that have been undertaken to improve the health of rooming house residents are highlighted.


In the 1930s, the Romanian elite either promoted James Joyce to the point of adulation or, much more often, deprecated his work to the point of travestying its contents. The long, enduring history of misinterpretations includes the names of well-known critics and Anglicists who based their opinions either on a preconceived rejection of new aesthetic trends (Marcu Beza, Dragoş Protopopescu, the two best-known English specialists of the period) or on personal idiosyncrasies (Camil Petrescu, a famous inter-war writer and feared critic, who called Ulysses ''the improvisation of a dilettante, a pseudo-value''1). Years after the publication of Ulysses, the Romanian writer and critic Ion Biberi (1904–90), who received a training in letters and philosophy as well as in medicine and surgery, dedicated two comprehensive critical studies to the Irish writer: ''James Joyce,'' published in Revista Fundaţiilor Regale (Journal of the Royal Foundation) in 1935 and ''James Joyce's Interior Monologue,'' which appeared in Secolul XX (no. 2) in 1965 and was reprinted in 1982 in a volume including Biberi's critical studies. Biberi was a wide-ranging man of letters whose work includes not only volumes of literary criticism but essays on psychology and philosophy, as well as translations. It is very likely that because of Biberi's efforts, Joyce underwent critical reappraisal in Romania in the late 1960s, and the literary magazine Secolul XX, which was a kind of cultural bastion against communist censorship, dedicated several special issues to Joyce's texts. Biberi's theoretical model was based on an axiological system that applied a loosely bio-critical perspective to explore what he called the ''inter-correlation'' between the creator of the work and the work itself. With this foundation, he advanced a ''multidimensional approach, starting from the bio-typological complexity, the characterological profile, the evolution of the author's personality in time, the integration in the


The Walt Disney Company is one of the most powerful, innovative and influential companies in the whole world. A pioneer in many respects, the Walt Disney Company has led the way in the entertainment industry for decades. This paper begins by analyzing the origins of the Walt Disney Company, with a particular focus in Walt Disney's creative vision that led to incredibly innovative developments in the entertainment industry. It also explores the gradual decline of creative risks taken by the company after Walt Disney's death, which may have helped the company navigate through tough financial times but also made it lose its revolutionary role and influence as a creative pioneer. Leading into the present, the paper explores CEO Bob Iger's techniques and leadership trajectory including international park expansion and numerous company acquisitions that have helped Disney regain its financial, influential and dominant footing in the entertainment space. Its primary hypothesis centres on the crossroads that the Walt Disney Company has currently reached between its present and future role. It also demonstrates another hypothesis that the company now has the influence and financial capacity to revive its role as a creative visionary in entertainment, and establish its role in global governance by focusing its new position in corporate climate action. The paper follows these goals and hypotheses and draws conclusions that follow this trajectory from extensive research. What is most interesting about this piece is that it explores the climate crisis and the ramifications of planetary politics in global governance through the lens of one company.


Glycine plays two roles in neurotransmission. It acts as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem and is a co-agonist of the 7V-methyl-Daspartate receptor (NMDAR) throughout the central nervous system. Changes in extracellular levels of glycine modulate NMDAR functions and consequently, are critical for excitatory synaptic transmission. In the hippocampus, the extracellular levels of glycine at excitatory synapses are regulated by the presence of glycine transporters (type 1; GlyTl) located both on glia surrounding the synaptic cleft and on presynaptic terminals. Although the mechanism of glycine reuptake is well established, the mechanism of glycine release is still unknown. Here, we used immunocytochemical, confocal and electrophysiological techniques to determine the mechanism underlying glycine release in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus. Quantitative analysis of triple immunolabelings combining astrocytic, neuronal, glycinergic and glutamatergic markers showed that glycine was preferentially accumulated in glutamatergic presynaptic terminals. In addition, we found that the vast majority of the glutamatergic presynaptic terminals contained glycine and faced postsynaptic NMDARs. Moreover, using electrophysiological recordings we found that glycine released following electrical stimulation activated few glycine receptors on the postsynaptic neurons but instead, strongly modulated the amplitude of NMDAR currents. Overall, our data indicate that glycine is released from glutamatergic presynaptic terminals upon neuronal activity to modulate NMDAR function.


Why do we need infection control?. Micro-organisms: The relationship between micro-organisms and infection control practice disease specific infection prevention and control measures incident related or hospital-acquired infections. Infection control practice and procedures: Housekeeping disinfection and sterilisation clinical practice and procedures special patient categories special issues staff issues infection control in home-based care settings.


This article describes the development of a piezoelectric force transducer specially designed to measure the fluctuating drag force experienced by a discontinuous micro fiber immersed in a turbulent airflow. The newly designed measurement tool possesses a fundamental frequency of approximately 940 Hz with a resolution of 10−4 N. A correlation for the friction drag coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number was found. This equation is of similar form but with differing slope and intercept to that previously published for continuous fibers. Although the driving frequency of the flow system was underestimated, resulting in limited utility of the instrument to the fine scale forces imposed on micro fibers, the sensor provided a necessary measurement of average drag forces. It may also be a useful tool for measuring small forces with lower frequency excitation than observed among the micro fibers exposed to a turbulent air stream. This study represents a first attempt at measuring dynamic drag forces on ...


The chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α recruits macrophages to sites of epithelial remodeling. We showed previously that mRNA and protein levels of MIP-1α in the olfactory epitheliu...


The statistical segment length of polyelectrolytes, A, in aqueous salt solutions is derived from the unperturbed dimensions parameter, Kθ, that is obtained from the graphical representations based on the Stockmayer–Fixman–Burchard and Dondos–Benoit equations. In order to obtain A from Kθ we use values of the Flory's parameter, Φ, which are given from an empirical equation established for the polymers presenting a draining effect, such as the wormlike polymers. With these values of Φ, the obtained values of A for different polyelectrolytes in aqueous salt solutions of different ionic strength are found very close to the values obtained from other more complicated methods. This result shows that the polyelectrolytes can be considered as polymers presenting a draining effect. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4225–4229, 2004


We present a systematic study of the clean and chemisorbed-hydrogen-covered Si(100) surfaces. Experimentally, we used He i and He ii ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and were able to resolve important chemisorption features which had not been observed previously. We carried out electronic energy calculations using both empirical tight-binding and extended H\"uckel methods, from which we deduce a consistent interpretation of the spectra. It is found that the low-binding-energy surface states resulting from the asymmetric dimer-bond model are in good agreement with the experimental data, whereas one high-binding-energy surface state associated with the displacements of the subsurface atoms does not appear in the spectra. Hydrogen chemisorbing on the Si(100)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface forms a monohydride phase, and removes most of the surface states, except for the dimer bond and some of the backbonding states. Based on the theoretical and experimental results it is suggested that at high coverage the Si\char22{}H bonds of the dihydride phase rotate and depart from the tetrahedral directions. The occurrence of this phase on the other surfaces of silicon, and its possible connections with the observed spectral features, are extensively discussed.


What knowledge do we have about the reliable positive and negative consequences of telecommuting? How do these consequences come about? What actions can we recommend based on research evidence? We ...


Fluorinated liquids possess high chemical and physical stability, are tolerated by the human body and, therefore, show great promise in biomedical fields; however, they require extensive formulation. Phase diagrams are reported here for a series of ethylene oxide oligomeric additives in 2H,3H‐perfluoropentane (HPFP), a non‐chlorofluorocarbon fluorinated liquid regarded as a model propellant for pressurized metered‐dose inhalers. Over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations, dihydroxyl end‐capped poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that was strongly molecular weight dependent. In contrast, monomethyl (and thus monohydroxy) and dimethyl end‐capped poly(ethylene oxides) were fully miscible with HPFP over the same temperature and concentration ranges, suggesting that the phase behaviour was dominated by end‐group/solvent interactions. By systematically substituting HPFP for the fully fluorinated analogue perfluoropentane, the ability of these end‐groups to interact with the solvent was perturbed and LCST‐type behaviour was induced in the previously fully miscible monomethyl and dimethyl end‐capped PEGs. Concomitantly, with increasing perfluoropentane content, the LCST of the dihydroxyl end‐capped PEGs was driven to lower temperatures. Therefore, the phase behaviour of these systems may be controlled by 'tuning' the end‐group structure of the ethylene oxide oligomers, and varying the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the fluorinated solvents.


The exotic landscapes and unique Taoism culture of Longhushan have attracted generations of officials and scholars to board,and they have written a large number of poems. These poems,mainly describing scenes,eliciting emotions or elucidating philosophy,are wealth of the Longhushan culture and history. The article selects some of them to analyze and study with the hope of exploring the landscape aesthetics and Taoism philosophy.


Kadlecek guides readers through the sometimes difficult, sometimes delicate waters of fear. Through vivid narrative, she explores the power of fear as it has surfaced throughout her life. The fear of intimacy and rejection, of difference and insignificance each are part of the journey through which Kadlecek navigates readers with the hope of crossing into the adventure of faith.


In a carbon monoxide production process and hydrogen from a gaseous mixture also containing methane, the gas mixture is distilled in an installation in which a part of the separation energy is provided by means of a refrigeration cycle using an autonomous refrigerant. This fluid may be nitrogen that vaporizes in a top condenser (15) of one of the distillation columns (9).


A new cell type is described in silver‐impregnated sections of the rat cerebellar cortex, uniformly distributed through all the cerebellar folia. The soma is rather small, roughly pyriform, vertically oriented, and squeezed, in a sandwich‐like manner, between the Purkinje cell somata. One or two thick dendrites arise from the upper pole of the cell body and course through the entire molecular layer, dividing into a few, slightly oblique, branches that can reach the pia mater. These dendrites are covered with irregularly distributed spines. Some more slender dendrites emerge from the lower part of the cell body, or from the proximal trunk of a molecular dendrite, and spread tortuously for a short distance in the upper granular layer. A thick initial segment emerges directly from the soma or from the proximal portion of a dendrite, the axon winding then horizontally through or just above the Purkinje cell layer. During this horizontal course it gives off vertically oriented beaded branches ascending through the major part of the molecular layer. These branches, rather closely spaced, occupy different parasagittal planes, separated by about 10 to 30 μm. This axonal arborisation can thus be compared with a candelabrum. The peculiar three‐dimensional spread of the axonal collaterals suggests a functional relationship between these branches and the dendritic trunks of neighbouring Purkinje cells. A comparative analysis of the morphological differences between this candelabrum interneuron and the other corticocerebellar interneurons found in the vicinity of the ganglionic layer confirms the specificity of this new cell class. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Spin physics had its beginnings in the famous experiments of Stern and Gerlach, which eventually resulted in the postulation of spin by Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck. The Stern-Gerlach experiment told us that the $g$-value of the electron was 2, but we now know that because of radiative corrections, the $g$-value of the leptons is slightly greater than 2, the lowest-order contribution being $\alpha/\pi$, where $\alpha$ is the fine-structure constant. Measurements of the magnetic dipole moments of the electron and muon have played a major role in our understanding of QED and of the standard model. In this talk I discuss the progress on measurements and theory of the magnetic dipole moment of the muon.


This paper examines the role of the rights-based review in addressing inequities in access to health care. Focusing on the case of Hungary, the analysis intends to contribute to the debate about factors that bring about/sustain inequalities in health and health care at the public-private intersection and the role of law and rights-based litigation in addressing these inequalities. Towards this end, the paper presents first an overview of the Hungarian health care system. It then analyzes the scope and content of the right to health by discussing the constitutional protection of health rights and the right to health care guaranteed within the public health system. Further to that, the paper reviews the main mechanisms of rights enforcement in health care. It describes the health care litigation that has taken place in Hungary with focus on equity issues at the public-private intersection. The analysis is concluded by a discussion of the role of health rights enforcement in promoting equity in access to health care. The paper is a chapter of a book titled ''The Right to Health at the Public/Private Divide: A Global Comparative Study'', edited by Prof. Aeyal Gross and Prof. Colleen Flood, forthcoming by Cambridge University Press.


Probabilistic reliability assessment of power systems is an ongoing field of research, particularly in the development of tools to model the probability of exogenous threats and their potential consequences. This paper describes the application of a weather-dependent failure rate model to a region of the Icelandic transmission system, using 10 years of weather data and overhead line fault records. The studied failure rate model is compared with a constant failure rate model, in terms of variability and how well the models perform in a blind test over a 2 year period in reflecting the occurrence of outages. The weather-dependent and constant failure rate models are used as input to a state-of-the-art risk assessment tool to determine the sensitivity of such software to weather-dependent threats. The results show the importance of weather-dependent contingency probabilities in risk estimation, and in quantitative assessment of maintenance activities. The results also demonstrate that inclusion of weather dependence in power system reliability assessments affects the overall distribution of risk as a positively skewed distribution, with high-risk periods occurring at low frequency.


Congress often explicitly delegates lawmaking power to courts — or does so implicitly by giving courts ambiguous terms to interpret. Do these laws violate the non-delegation doctrine?I argue that there's nothing about the doctrine that exempts delegation to judges. But not all such delegations are unconstitutional. The traditional non-delegation doctrine is relaxed when Congress delegates into an area that's within, or "interlinked with," power that the delegate already has. This doctrine, which I call "the Inherent-Powers Corollary," is central to understanding non-delegation.Applying the Inherent-Powers Corollary to the judiciary comes down to determining what exact powers federal courts have. The inherent-powers perspective provides interesting insights into the constitutional foundations of the Erie doctrine. It also connects the non-delegation doctrine with the debate over the scope of federal common law. Federal courts' lawmaking powers include the power to make procedural rules, to make law in areas of "strong federal interest," to create statutory defenses and remedies, and to engage in ordinary statutory interpretation. (Non-delegation arguments in the statutory con-text thus overlap with arguments about the permissibility of certain kinds of statutory interpretation.) It turns out that even under fairly restrictive views of federal common law, federal courts' lawmaking powers are extensive enough to save a great many — but not all — delegations.


We report a case that presented as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) caused by lymphocytic myocarditis (LM), and explore the relationship between AMI and LM. We also performed a literature search to identify publications that previously reported LM-associated myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography of our patient revealed normal coronary arteries. However, a perfusion–metabolism mismatch in the apex and mid-inferior walls supported the diagnosis of AMI, and right ventricular septal endomyocardial biopsy showed LM. Extensive viral serological tests were negative for an infectious etiology. Immunosuppressive therapy may be beneficial in patients with high-risk myocarditis who are pathologically confirmed to be virus-negative.


One of the drawbacks of natural fibers and their composites is their inherent hydrophilic nature. The effect of moisture on the mechanical properties of composites is irrefutable. This study deals with the hygroscopic characteristics of enset–PLA composites and their effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. To do this, injection-molded composite specimens with different fiber volume fractions, plasticizer ratios, fiber lengths, and fiber ages were considered. The specimens were exposed to distilled water, and the moisture absorption was monitored on a daily basis. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to mechanical loading to determine the effect of moisture on their strength, stiffness, and strain at break strength. Lastly, the individual and joint effects of the considered factors were scrutinized using an optimal experimental design. The results of the study show that the maximum and minimum moisture uptakes were recorded for 25% and 15% fiber ratios, respectively. Due to the effect of moisture, the tensile and bending strength decreased by 11% and 5%, respectively, for the 15% fiber volume fraction and decreased by 16% and 13%, respectively, for the 25% fiber volume fraction. Increasing the amount of plasticizer increases the moisture resistance. The results indicate that Enset–PLA composites have competitive properties and stability when exposed to moisture.


Nursing personnel working in newborn care areas should be knowledgeable & skilled in prevention of neonatal hypothermia. Nursing personnel are by group constantly working with the newborn in different new born care area. If nursing personnel fails to adopt proper steps, after delivery it will lead to hypothermia and neonatal death. In order to reduce NMR (neonatal mortality rate) the nursing personnel should be knowledgeable and skilful in providing quality nursing care to neonate. So the study was undertaken.


The article describes the distributed cloud infrastructure deployed on the basis of the resources of the Laboratory of Information Technologies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (LIT JINR) and some JINR Member State organizations. It explains a motivation of that work, an approach it is based on, lists of its participants among which there are private entity "Nazarbayev University Library and IT services" (PE "NULITS") Autonomous Education Organization "Nazarbayev University" (AO NU) and The Institute of Nuclear Physics' (INP's) Astana branch.


This paper considers the challenges facing managers of social care services in public sector organizations in the UK. Some theorists might argue that these challenges are the manifestation of a new postmodern era. It is argued here, however, that society is not fully postmodern: indeed modernity continues with some of its features (such as a concern with rationality and reason) heightened and intensified. Social trends associated with this transitional phase of postmodernization have been highlighted in the literature and here they form the framework for discussing social care management today.


Geo-ICT plays an increasing role in the management of spatial processes at different levels ranging from local to global scale. A world wide scientific and professional community develops and implements tools and methods to deal with these issues. Furthermore new business and Geo-ICT environments are emerging which force GI-providers to develop new business strategies. They should anticipate the opportunities of new technology and new geo-data infrastructures. This means that Capacity Development (CD) should have a high priority for organizations which have to introduce new working methods and procedures which ultimately result in structural adjustments of their Geo-ICT architecture. CD programs should help these organizations to understand how technological, institutional and market developments lead to new geo-information products and services and how these services are increasingly embedded in globalizing economy. This all implies that international partnerships providing joint educational programs are of great importance for capacity development. Presently these develop into networks providing decentralised educational service supply chains, which form an interesting starting point for the development of a virtual university for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. 1. GLOBAL OUTLOOK OF GEO-MONITORING Earth observation and geo-information are essential for monitoring of spatial processes affecting the sustainable development of our living environment. The management of these processes requires decision power at different administrative and political levels ranging from local to global scale. A world wide scientific and professional community develops and implements tools and methods to deal with these issues. They develop indicators at different resolution levels and their specifications based on profound knowledge of these processes and of the technology for earth observation and geo-information processing. This should really be a world wide community for several reasons. We will shortly mention three: a. The awareness that these processes are of a supra-national and even a global scale implies that world wide efforts are required to deal with these scientific problems, i.e. all nations should contribute. b. The globalization of the economy implies the development of global delivery chains for products and services (Friedman, 2005). Partners in these chains must have a common understanding of the specifications and conditions for products and service delivery. This should be developed through a global involvement in research and technology and service development. c. The fact that it is not possible for national economies to maintain sufficiently high investment levels over the full range of modern research sectors implies that national and regional priorities will be set for fields of interest. We will see an increasing regional or even (inter) continental spread of fields of expertise, first for research but consequently also for technology development and consequently for higher education. 2. PROBLEMS FACED BY GEO-INFORMATION PROVIDERS Until twenty years ago production processes for geo-data, or maps, were quite stable and the development mapping technology and concepts allowed time horizons for investments in the order of 15 to 25 years. Presently the development of technology requires a time horizon for investments in hardware of 3 to 5 years and concepts for information products and services have to be adjusted every 5 to 8 years.


Images were taken in rainy weather always contain unexpected rain streaks, which severely affect the subsequent image processing procedures in outdoor vision systems. Removing rain streaks from a single image is a challenging task and recently has been investigated extensively. In this paper, we propose a novel tensor-based low-rank model for removing rain streaks from a single rainy image. Our method fully exploits the similar repeated patterns and directional smoothness of rain streaks. Different from the existing matrix-based methods, we stack the rain patches to construct a three-order tensor and characterize the similarity and repeated patterns by considering the low-rankness in tensor form. We further regularize the low-rankness by the efficient tensor nuclear norm (TNN) so that the intrinsic spatial structures of rain streaks can be preserved. Moreover, two unidirectional total variation terms are employed to depict the directional smoothness of rain streaks and the rain-free image. The sparsity of rain streaks is also enhanced by an $\ell _{1}$ norm. We develop an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to tackle the proposed model. The experimental results on synthetic and real-world rain images show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods quantitatively and visually.


Readers of this journal will be aware of the article by O'Leary' in which he critically appraises my book on Public Law and Democracy in the United Kingdom and the United States of America.2 What follows is a reply to the criticisms levelled in that review article. It is readily apparent from both the title and the content of O'Leary's piece that he believes that there are limits as to what public lawyers should be doing, and that I for one have gravely transgressed those limits. The transgression resides in my suggestion that the shape and content of constitutional and administrative law must be assessed in the light of the background political theory which a society espouses, or which a person believes that it ought to espouse; I made it clear that such a background goal might not be perfect, and might not be perfectly attained. What ensues thereafter is a series of more particular criticisms of the work, some of which are methodological, others of which are substantive in nature. Responses to these criticisms will be forthcoming in due course. Before doing so the more general issue as to the limits of a public lawyer's role will be addressed, in part because this casts a shadow over all else, and in part because O'Leary's reasoning is so defective on this issue.


Urdu is the most popular language in Pakistan which is spoken by millions of people across the globe. While English is considered the dominant web content language, characteristics of Urdu language web content are still unknown. In this paper, we study the World-Wide-Web (WWW) by focusing on the content present in the Perso-Arabic script. Leveraging from the Common Crawl Corpus, which is the largest publicly available web content of 2.87 billion documents for the period of December 2016, we examine different aspects of Urdu web content. We use the Compact Language Detector (CLD2) for language detection. We find that the global WWW population has a share of 0.04% for Urdu web content with respect to document frequency. 70.9% of the top-level Urdu domains consist of . com, . org, and . info. Besides, urdulughat is the most dominating second-level domain. 40% of the domains are hosted in the United States while only 0.33% are hosted within Pakistan. Moreover, 25.68% web-pages have Urdu as primary language and only 11.78% of web-pages are exclusively in Urdu. Our Urdu corpus consists of 1.25 billion total and 18.14 million unique tokens. Furthermore, the corpus follows the Zipf's law distribution. This Urdu Corpus can be used for text summarization, text classification, and cross-lingual information retrieval.


A programmed text to teach FDA rules and regulations for outpatient methadone clinics was developed and validated with counselor trainees. Posttest scores on criterion tests showed statistically and educationally significant increases over pretest scores.


PtdIns4KIIα has been implicated in the regulation of endosomal traffic, but the role of its enzymatic activity and the site of its action have not been elucidated. Depletion of PtdIns4KIIα significantly reduced the amount of vesicular PtdIns(4)P on early endosomes, leaving cells with an impaired ability to sort molecules from early endosomes.


The neurovascular unit is comprised of brain endothelium, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Complex and dynamic communication between the cells of the neurovascular unit is essential for maintaining normal brain function. Recently, the role of cerebral vascular dysfunction has been highlighted in several neurodegenerative disease processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, I utilized multiple experimental models to test the central hypothesis that cerebral vascular dysfunction can contribute to AD pathogenesis. We found that (1) cerebral vascular dysfunction, mediated by pericyte deficiency in adult mice, can lead to neurodegeneration, (2) molecular changes specifically within brain VSMC can contribute to the development of AD-like pathologies in the cerebral cortex and (3) a known inherited genetic risk factor for AD may contribute to the cerebral vascular damage that is present during disease pathogenesis. First, pericytes play a key role in the development of the cerebral microcirculation, although the exact role of pericytes in the adult brain remains elusive. Using adult viable mice with varying degrees of pericyte deficiency, we show that pericyte loss leads to reduction in brain microcirculation causing chronic perfusion stress and hypoxia, and blood-brain barrier breakdown associated with brain accumulation of vasculotoxic and/or neurotoxic serum proteins. Age-dependent vascular damage in pericyte-deficient mice precedes neuronal degenerative changes, and learning and memory impairment. Thus, pericytes control key neurovascular functions that are necessary for proper neuronal structure and function, and pericyte loss results in progressive age-dependent vascular-mediated neurodegeneration. This study provides proof-of-principle evidence supporting the hypothesis that vascular damage may initiate neurodegenerative disease processes. Next, we investigate the molecular basis of a vascular-specific insult mediated by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) deposition in cerebral vessels, called cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which contributes to AD pathogenesis. Here, we report increased levels


Abstract— A geometric model of a noncylindrical plant cell has been constructed using optical and geometrical parameters obtained for the cells of Funaria hygrometrica and Lemna trisulca leaves. The distribution of the incident light intensity and the absorption profile in the monomolecular photoreceptor layer on the walls of the model cell irradiated with the parallel beam have been calculated. Calculations were performed for two surrounding media with refractive indices of 1.33 (water) and 1.00 (air). Various chloroplast arrangements were considered. The course and kinetics of the phototactic movements of Funaria and Lemna chloroplasts have been discussed on the basis of the results obtained. The best agreement between the theoretical and experimental data is obtained by assuming that the transition moments at 450 nm of the dichroic photoreceptor molecules are oriented parallel to the surface of the cell wall.


Regional marketing is a tool for shaping the internal advantages of the region, investment and economic development factors, increasing attractiveness of the area as a whole. Implementation of active organizational and economic changes in Russia's regions will lead to stabilization and subsequent growth of the national economy and social development. Modern Russia is characterized by a new qualitative state of a national economic, political and social life, it is becoming a significant part of the worlds growing economic integration and globalization processes. This makes the question of competitiveness of the country as a whole incredibly important. It is crucial to find a compromise between the diverse economic interests, the formation of innovation management, as well as to enhance the country's participation in the international division of labor and cooperation of labor.


Friction stir processing (FSP) is one of the promising tools to enhance the mechanical and microstructural features of any engineering material due to its excellence in grain refinement. Further, the successful utilization of waste material into a useful product instigates the use of chicken bone powder (CBP), walnut shell powder (WSP), and rice husk powder (RHP) as secondary reinforcement to develop surface composites and metal matrix composites to enhance the mechanical properties. In the present work, a surface composite of base alloy Al6082 is developed through the utilization of SiC as primary reinforcement and CBP, WSP, and RHP as secondary reinforcement. The experiments were performed as per Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) response is discussed in detail. The process parameters taken for the study are the type of tool pin profile such as hexagonal, square, and cylindrical threaded along with rotational speed and tool tilt angle. The result revealed the microstructural characterization through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) phase mapping and elemental spectrum. The tensile strength of each specimen was tested through a horizontal tensometer and further studied to get the optimized value of the process parameter to achieve a larger value. The use of a hexagonal pin profile with the optimized value of the rotational speed of 1500 rpm and 3° tilt angle gives the higher tensile strength of 250.64 MPa.


The purpose of this study was to establish best condition for in vitro propagation of thornless trailing blackberry (Rubus sp.). Axillary buds were used as explants. After sterilization, explants were placed into MS medium supplemented with 2 mg.l{-1} BA. Two weeks after that, in shoot proliferation stage, 12 culture media containing MS supplemented with 3 concentrations of BA (0, 2 and 3 mg.l{-1}), alone or in combination with GA{3} (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg.l{-1}) were compared. The greatest number of shoots with average of 3.33 and the maximum shoot length with average of 5.87 cm were produced in medium containing 2 mg.l{-1} BA and 0.5 mg.l{-1} GA{3}. In the rooting experiment, rooting medium comprised MS medium in combination with different concentrations of IBA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg.l{-1}). A concentration of 2 mg.l{-1} IBA gave a greater number of roots and maximum root length. In this medium four roots with root length average of 7.83 cm were produced.


A pulmonary pneumatocele is a thin air filled cavitatory lesion that develops within the lung parenchyma. It is a unique, rarely occurring complication of COVID-19 pneumonia, most commonly detected by chest radiographs and computed tomography scans.

 The authors present a case series of four separate cases, all of which had suffered from COVID pneumonia, and now developed symptomatic pneumatocele. Two patients out of the four had also developed pneumothorax for which a tube thoracostomy was done, which is an infrequent complication of pneumatocele. One had an accompanying fungal infected loculated effusion. In all of these patients surgical management was approached as a treatment modality with three patients requiring bullectomy and one requiring lobectomy since image-guided drainage technique is not widely available in our resource-limited setting.

 A pneumatocele, also called a pseudocyst, due to the absence of epithelial lining, is a thin-walled cystic cavity, filled with air that develops in the pulmonary interstitium. The most common cause is iatrogenic injury, due to prolonged mechanical ventilation. Pneumatoceles are usually asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously; however, image-guided drainage and surgical management can be opted for, in the presence of the complications.

 From our case report, it can be concluded that the surgical approach is relatively safe and effective, with increased survival benefits, especially in those patients who develop complicated pneumatocele.


This article describes the use of quality function deployment in orienting clinical social medicine to a quasi-market situation. The study shows that different customers had different requirements. For example, the social welfare office asked for close investigation followed by treatment in which time was not a critical factor, whereas the social insurance office asked for rapid and superficial investigations of a client's ability to work. General needs for improving the provision of information were identified, both for clients and the type of services that could be provided. The conclusion is that quality function deployment can be used as a method of defining and developing social services. However, a strict accommodation of the demands from the quasi-market would lead to contradictions with the theories used today as the basis for sociomedical services.


Numerical investigations using TELEMAC-2D on a German waterway section of the Danube River, have raised the question over the inclusion of secondary flow parameterization, in particular in the strongly-curved region known as the Mühlhamer Oxbow. Currently the secondary currents parameterization is not widely used, primarily due to lack of experience with the recommended values for the empirical parameters in (large) rivers. For this purpose, a study was performed to investigate result sensitivity in relation to the empirical constants' selected values from secondary flow parameterization in TELEMAC-2D.


INTRODUCTION Proteases (peptidases) are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. Exopeptidases cleave a terminal amino acid residue at the end of a polypeptide endopeptidases cleave internal peptide bonds [1]. Protease are very important group of enzymes and represent nearly 60% of total enzyme sales, since they are used in detergent, beer, meat, leather and dairy industries. The possibility of using these enzymes at elevated temperatures, especially in the food industry, implies increased reaction rates and improved solubility of reagents. Themostable proteases, that acts in the temperature range 65-85°c for the bioconversions of proteins into amino acids and peptides. These properties make the bacterial proteases most suitable for a wider industrial application in baking, brewing, detergent and leather industry [2]. The pancreatic protease


The aim with this investigation is to find out what conceptions preschool children have of where the sun is during the night. The investigation will be based on taped interviews with eight preschoo ...


A series of experiments were devised to test the idea that sensorimotor systems activate during the processing of emotionally laden stimuli. In Experiments 1 and 2 participants were asked to judge the pleasantness of emotionally laden sentences while participants held a pen in the mouth. Experiments 3 and 4 were similar to the previous experiments, but the experimental materials were emotionally laden images. In Experiment 5 and 6 the same bodily manipulation used throughout the previous experiments was kept while participants judged facial expressions. The first pair of experiments replicated findings suggesting that sensorimotor systems are activated during the processing of emotionally laden language. However, follow-up experiments suggested that dual activation of both perceptual and motor systems is not always necessary. For the particular case of emotionally laden stimuli, results suggested that the perceptual system seems to drive the processing. It is also shown that a high resonance between sensorimotor properties afforded by the stimuli and the sensorimotor systems activated in the cogniser elicit emotional states. The results invite to review radical versions of embodiment accounts and rather support a graded-embodiment view.


History the acrylic fibre industry today polymerization wet-spinning technology dry-spinning technology product variants acrylic polymer characterization in the solid state and in solution thermal and actinic degradation dyeing processes apparel end uses home furnishings and industrial applications.


In the era of autonomy today social welfare development in the field of children is still a problem, on one side of physical development to increase the Community's economy into a proiritas compared to the development of social welfare. In relation to the role of social service of the East Java province in the development of social welfare in the child field signifies how the government seeks to ensure the children's rights to overcome the social function barriers of children. Many school teachers are difficult to classify the child's problems. This can be triggered because not all teachers in the school are set in the extraordinary education so that there is minimal knowledge related to the child's handling with special needs, the education Office should follow up with the policies and every task and function Teachers applied. So that the application is not only limited to the institution, but also the community elements.
The methods used in this study are descriptive with qualitative analysis. While the data collection techniques are done through interview methods, documentation and observation. The research was conducted in Batu city related to the place to be meticulously by the authors. In this research author uses the theory of UPT role of PPSPA Batu, child welfare. The role of UPT PPSPA Batu is an effort undertaken by the Government of the social service of East Java province to alleviate children's behavioral problems and barriers of child self-adjustment with the goal of children aged 10-15 years (class IV, V, VI) of elementary School/ The Mandrasah Ibtidaiyah. In practice through a program of Tetirah for (PMKS) The social welfare problem has been running quite well, in 1 year the child who receives the benefit of every generation consists of 2 district/city period per 1 Months. This is a manifestation of the government's efforts by forming a social institution to deal with children who experience obstacles both physically, mentally, and socially.
The constraints that are experienced by UPT PPSPA Batu are some people still assume that children who live while at UPT PPSPA are children who are naughty so they look bad children who live while in the place. So many schools and parents are ashamed if their children stay while in the social orphanage. While the children who face the law often do not get the proper mentoring but instead removed from the school.


Methanol is one of the strategic products and it is used for producing many of the final products such as solvents, colors, plastics, and antifreeze. The variety of methanol derivatives and its use in different industries have introduced it as a strategic product. Moreover, the price fluctuation of methanol affects many of the manufacturing industries. The present paper intends to study problems related to the methanol export. In order to achieve the purposes of the research, surveydescriptive method has been applied. The statistical population refers to the managers, experts, and employees of Zagros petrochemical company. The data collected from the researcher's questionnaire is analyzed by the statistical software of SPSS. The results indicate that the improvement of transportation and communication infrastructures play an important role in development of methanol export.


Aim of this paper is to compare in Analog-to-Information Converters the working principles of the two devices typically used to perform the operation of multiplication: mixers and analog multipliers. The comparison has been experimentally realized on two AIC prototypes based on the Random Demodulation principle: the former employing a mixer, the latter employing an analog multiplier.


The cover picture shows portraits of Otto Diels (top left) and Kurt Alder together with the original Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and p-quinone. Also illustrated are the key Diels–Alder reactions that enabled the total synthesis of prostaglandins and taxol as they were carried out by the research groups of Corey and Nicolaou, respectively. This year marks the centennial anniversary of Alder's birth—and this date will be celebrated at Alder's University, the Universitat Koln, by a symposium on the 27th May—while last year was the 125th anniversary of the birth of Diels and next year will signify the 75th anniversary of the first publication of Diels and Alder on the reaction of 1,3-dienes with olefins. The Diels–Alder reaction, as it has become known, is without doubt one of the most important reaction of organic syntheses, and thus it is a bonanza that Corey and Nicolaou et al. have written appropriate reviews, which can be found on pp. 1650–1667 and 1668–1698, respectively.


Carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert metallic nickel nanoparticles are synthesized through electrospinning and carbonization processes. The morphology and composition of Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers are controlled by preparing different nanofiber precursors. The lithium-ion battery performance evaluations indicated that the content of electrochemically-inert Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers has a great influence on the final electrochemical performance. For example, at certain Ni contents, these composite nanofibers display excellent electrochemical performance, such as high reversible capacities, good capacity retention, and excellent rate performance, when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, when the Ni content is too low or too high, the corresponding electrodes show low reversible capacities although they still have good reversibility and rate performance.


It is commonly accepted that one of the most important elements of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is speed. Few studies, however, have estimated the effectiveness of various parameters of SCM. This article therefore analyzes and evaluates lead time (speed), inventory, and total cost, regarded as representative parameters of SCM, as to their effectiveness in a SCM system for minimizing total costs from production scheduling to replenishing products to depots. The purpose of this study was to identify an effective parameter among several options and to apply a developed and proposed model to a real case as a benchmark. This research is significant as a first attempt at selecting the best parameter for modeling of this type.


Method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic substances from the hydrocarbon-containing material comprises the steps of contacting comprises providing a first liquid containing a turpentine solution, the hydrocarbon-containing material to form an extract mixture with turpentine solution comprising extracting a hydrocarbon material in turpentine solution, and separating from the not extracted the extracted hydrocarbon material residue.


Abstract This paper incorporates state dependent correlations (those that vary systematically with the state of the economy) into the Vasicek default model. Other approaches to randomizing correlation in the Vasicek model have either assumed that correlation is independent of the systematic risk factor (zero state dependence) or is an explicit function of the systematic risk factor (perfect state dependence). By contrast, our approach allows for an arbitrary degree of state dependence and includes both zero and perfect state dependence as special cases. This is accomplished by expressing the factor loading as a function of an auxiliary (Gaussian) variable that is correlated with the systematic risk factor. Using Federal Reserve data on delinquency rates we use maximum likelihood to estimate the parameters of the model, and find the empirical degree of state dependence to be quite high (but generally not perfect). We also find that randomizing correlation, without allowing for state dependence, does not improve the empirical performance of the Vasicek model.


Abstact: The treatment of pectinase- gelatin- silica gel- bentonite has the best clarification effect on Vaccihium vliginosum juice. Add 0.034 percent of pectinase to the juice, and the juice is incubated at 50℃ for 2 hours. Then, gelatin and silica gel are added to the treated juice in proportion as 10g gelatin and 37.5ml sillica gel and 75g bentonite per 100L juice The clear juice is obtained without sediment after storage for 180 days.


A 27‐year‐old white man with a tattoo of 3 months' duration was referred for possible laser removal because a pruritic eruption had developed in the tattoo 1 month after placement. Physical examination revealed erythematous papules confined to the red areas of the tattoo ( Fig. 1 ). He also had flat‐topped papules on the glans penis, which the patient stated had developed a few weeks after tattoo placement.


Postcard of soldiers in a U.S. M-24 Light Tank, "Chaffee," with a painted star at the General George Patton Museum in Fort Knox, Kentucky.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, in order to produce a direct-write electronic components, combining high precision spray process and in-flight laser treatment. Process, in addition to such components, may be placed various conductive, inductive, and resistive material.


The current study compared the incidence and magnitude of physical aggression among married partners in 34 countries and examined its association with cultural factors (Gender Inequality Index, Human Development Index, Hofstede's dimensions individualism, and power distance), demographic variables (age, sex, income), and couple variables (equality in decision making). Countries were chosen on the basis of maximizing the variance of the cultural factors. Due to the high intercorrelations between the four cultural factors, simultaneous examination faced the problem of multicollinearity, while separate investigations would have led to redundant results. Therefore, an aggregated emancipation index was proposed, which is highest in countries with high human development, high individualism, low gender inequality, and low power distance. In each country, participants were asked to indicate the frequency of several types of aggression against their partner and the frequency of their partner's aggressive behavior toward them. Multilevel analysis showed that aggression level was accounted for by lower age, lower income, less equality in decision making within the couple, and lower emancipation. Being female, lower income, less equality in decision making, and less emancipation were associated with sex differences in perpetrating aggression (more male than female aggression). Interaction effects showed that equality in decision making protects from aggression and predominantly male aggression especially in countries low in emancipation.


The association among spinal cord injury and disorder (SCI/D) function, caregiver affiliate stigma, and caregiver depression and burden has not been adequately studied. In Turkey, a region with a developing healthcare infrastructure, SCI/D caregivers may have a higher responsibility of care given limited resources and may experience greater psychological distress associated with caregiving than in more developed healthcare systems.


Abstract The experimental farmland–channel–wetland systems (FCWS) in Guilin, China have been recently designed based on wetland water recycling systems in Midwest USA. The present article develops a methodology for simplifying the prediction of residence time as a function of the flow rate and physical shape of these contaminant removal systems. A series of two-dimensional simulation studies on surface flow through FCWS wetland of different shapes are performed. Parameters influencing hydraulic characteristics such as empirical values of inlet and outlet flow conditions, and wetland shapes are utilized as inputs to the study. Roughness coefficient was assumed to be constant across the different wetland designs discussed in this article. The mean velocity values within the wetland decreases with increase in ratio of variant inlet widths and wetland inflow rates. The results from the simulation are used as inputs for performing a multivariate multiparameter regression algorithm. This framework models the re...


The cause of internal black spot of cabbage has been speculated to be cold damage. However, in this study, we hypothesized that an acute temperature increase in the cabbage head can also be a cause, and conducted a detailed analysis on temperature change inside the cabbage head leaves and the effect of the formation of ice. Inside the cabbage leaves in winter, water droplets often froze and formed ice. Under sunny conditions, the temperature inside the cabbage leaves rose very quickly, and cell death occurred. When ice formation was induced at −5°C, cell death was induced within 60 min in all tested samples. Cell death was confirmed by tripan blue staining. Thus, we concluded that rapid thawing of frozen leaves by an acute temperature increase inside cabbage head leaves can cause damage to the cells, resulting in internal black spot.


Lately, a kind of low-grade bunker fuel oil is being supplied for marine diesel engines at certain ports and causes them severe troubles like abnormal wear and scuffing of cylinder liners. The authors have got the sam-ples of such fuels and examined their combustion characteristics using a visual combustion chamber. It is a new facility for study of bunker fuel combustion. According to results of examinations, a cause of the trouble can be guessed with good confidence.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes how the theory of constraints, the socio-emotional and functional selectivity theories can explain the egocentric networks of older adults. The contact diary method is applied on a randomly chosen subsample of a nationally representative cross-sectional sample in Hungary enumerating all active ties and encounters with social contacts of 181 adults aged 50 and above. Age is negatively associated with network size, but it is positively correlated with average tie strength. Retirement, declining health, and death of the partner act as external constraints, and are associated with a shrinking network. Our results support the socio-emotional selectivity theory, but not the functional selectivity theory.


In the new recruiting and training system,the original educational mode has been adjusted to the quality of educational mode.This essay talks about the essence,core and insurance of the police quality education.It also explores the recruiting system reform as well as curriculum setup,teaching content,teaching staff,and so on.


Polyamides are semicrystalline polymers that are useful in a wide range of applications in the plastics industry. Some applications require higher flexibility and improved workability of polyamides; thus, a plasticization approach that eases compounding and processing procedures and produces better desired product properties can be utilized. Common plasticizers are high-boiling liquid esters, but solid plasticizers also have been considered. The present research has focused on plasticization of nylon 66/6 (80/20) copolymer by using selected low molecular weight organic materials. Plasticization of the copolyamide was studied with glycerin mono stearate, benzene sulfonamide, and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate as the solid plasticizers and diethylhexyl phthalate as the liquid plasticizer. The materials were prepared and characterized by thermal, mechanical, dynamic, rheological, and morphological properties. The experimental results were supported by simulated polymer and plasticizer interactions using molecular dynamic simulations. Plasticization and antiplasticization phenomena were observed and discussed. The plasticizers were classified by their efficiency in reducing Tg and by modification of the other polyamide properties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Fluor Daniel Hanford, Inc. (FDH) is the Management Contractor for the Project Hanford Management Contract for the Department of Energy - Richland Operations Office. The Central Training Organization within FDH provides cross-cutting training services for its own personnel as well as for six subcontractors and six enterprise companies performing project work across the 560 square miles of the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. Manager Safety Training has been presented by the Environmental, Safety and Health Training (ES and HT) team to managers, supervisors, team leads, and other personnel across the Hanford Site for over four years. The training is intended to heighten the awareness of management toward both identified (via accident/injury reports) and potential safety issues and concerns. Managers need to be aware of their responsibilities and to know where to go/who to contact (for example, company manuals or facility safety representatives) for additional information. At the conclusion of each training session, students are asked to complete a Level I evaluation (Kirkpatrick Model, see sidebar) and this feedback is reviewed by the instructors Commonly, revisions to the course content and presentation format are made solely by the ES and HT instructors and their manager each year.


Background: In the past years, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy targeting CD19 have been shown to be a new and effective treatment option in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, infections with severe and potentially life-threatening complications can be induced by either lymphodepleting chemotherapy and/or the infusion of CAR-T cells, while side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) might further complicate differential diagnosis.
 Methods: Infections and complications were evaluated during inpatient treatment as well as in a follow-up period of the first six months after dosing. Eighty-one dosings of CAR-T cells in seventy-three adult patients with either NHL (88%) or ALL (12%) were analyzed. Bacterial and viral pathogen were detected with blood cultures or examination of potential sources of infection such as catheter tips. Panel and serum testing for viral infection was carried out either as a screening or in case of suspicion, while fungal infections were diagnosed according to the 2008 revised European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Consensus Group criteria to determine proven, probable and possible invasive fungal disease.
 Results: In 52 patients (64%, Table 1) fever was detected following lymphodepletion and CAR-T cell dosing . Microbiological or radiological findings were seen in 20% of cases. Of those, eight were of bacterial (10%), three of viral (4%), and five of fungal (6%) origin. Overall, more lines of therapy as well as more severe CRS were associated with early infection. Cytokine release syndrome was diagnosed in 41 patients (51%, Table 1), with a simultaneous detection in five bacterial (6%), two viral (2%), and five fungal (6%) infections (Figure 1). In the six months follow-up period seven patients with fever (9%) had microbiological or radiological findings, in most cases during the first 90 days after CAR T cell infusion (6 patients, 7%). Only one patient died of infection (pathogen: cytomegalovirus).
 Conclusions: Infections are common in CAR-T cell patients; therefore, fast and suitable identification and initiation of treatment are important in the heavily pretreated and immunocompromised patient population. While infectious complications are mostly manageable, the frequency of infectious complications in patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy underlines the value of standardized anti-infective prophylaxis and supportive therapy for reduction of morbidity and mortality.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Schubert: Gilead: Consultancy. Sauer: Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Matterhorn Biosciences AG: Consultancy, Other: DSMB/SAB Member; Takeda: Consultancy, Other: DSMB/SAB Member. Schmitt: Hexal: Other: Travel grant; TolerogenixX Ltd: Current Employment; Therakos/Mallinckrodt: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other: Travel grant. Müller-Tidow: Bioline: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding. Dreger: AbbVie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Riemser: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Schmitt: Bluebird Bio: Other: Travel grants; MSD: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Other: Travel grants, Research Funding; Hexal: Other: Travel grants, Research Funding; Kite Gilead: Other: Travel grants; Apogenix: Research Funding; TolerogenixX: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company.


Objective: In a post-hoc analysis of a multinational, randomized trial, we investigated whether the efficacy and safety of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) and ramipril differed between Chinese and European patients with hypertension. Method: Previously treated (2-week washout) and untreated patients with hypertension were randomly assigned to treatment with nifedipine GITS 30 mg or ramipril 10 mg for 12 months, if they had elevated clinic (≧ 140/90 mmHg) and daytime (≧ 135/85 mmHg) ambulatory systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) and standard deviation of home (> 7 mmHg) and daytime systolic BP (> 12 mmHg). BP was measured at each of the clinic visits at baseline and during follow-up. Ambulatory and 7-day home BP monitoring were performed at baseline and 10 weeks and 12 months of follow-up. Results: The 67 Chinese and 101 European patients significantly differed in age (50.9 vs. 54.6 years), body mass index (24.5 vs. 27.0 kg/m2), clinic diastolic BP (87.9 vs. 92.5 mmHg), clinic heart rate (75.0 vs. 70.8 beats/minute) and nighttime diastolic BP (79.3 vs. 75.9 mmHg). However, within each ethnicity, patients were comparable between the nifedipine GITS and ramipril groups (P≧ 0.05). In both Chinese and European patients, BP was similarly reduced in the nifedipine GITS and ramipril groups, except that daytime systolic/diastolic BP reductions were 7.4/4.1 mmHg greater in the ramipril than nifedipine GITS group in Chinese (P = 0.02). The safety profile significantly (P for drug*ethnicity interaction ≦ 0.046) differed between the Chinese and European patients for the incidence of all adverse events (lower on nifedipine GITS in Chinese), ankle edema (higher on nifedipine GITS in Europeans) and dry cough (higher on ramipril in Chinese). Conclusion: In the Chinese and European patients with hypertension, nifedipine GITS and ramipril had similar BP lowering efficacy, but different safety profile and tolerability.


A brief account of the firm of Gale Research Co. is given with a discussion of reference books in general and of some of Gale's publications in detail. An account of computers, sales and staffing is followed by a description of the founder and the prospect of a successful future for the firm.


This study shows the dust effect on solar panel efficiency based on experimental measurements. Sieve analysis has been performed to investigate the effect on the efficiency of the panel. Dust particles have been divided into different sizes such as (-75), (+75/105), (+105/-250), (+250/-450). In addition, each piece weighed 20 g, uniformly sprinkled onto a 40-Watt SUNNY polycrystalline panel. In order to obtain the output voltages of the PV panel used a data acquisition card. Additionally, a photodiode sensor has been used in order to obtain the light reflection data from the panel to the outside while there had covered different diameters of dust particles on the panel. The data set consisting of electrical parameters have been used to compered both experimental study and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) output. There were 5 different data sets with the clean PV panel in this study (randomly selected data from it used as %40 training %60 test) and the clean panel data have been used twice in the training and test part of the ANN. In this study, it has been observed that the ANN method can be used to estimate panel efficiency due to the linearity (The R-value was gotten nearly equal to 1 and it shows that there is a linear relationship between outputs and targets.) if the appropriate transfer function is selected. Also, this study shows that as the particle diameter covering the panel gets smaller, the output voltage of the panel decreases linearly.


This paper presents the m-Learning application for Android that allows the management of the didactical events of a teacher, including the management of the classes, works, contents, notes, communications and the access of your students. The students can access the information that the teacher publishes in this application.


Productivity is often used to determine how well resources are used for an operation. Most often, the ratio of what is produced to what is required to produce it determines productivity. Laminated ...


To real-time classify military target signal and noise under non-stationary non-Gauss noise effectively, an edge detection method based on gray correlation analysis algorithm is proposed through analyzing ZCR LPC feature from military target signal. Simulation results indicate detection rate reached 100% under the clean acoustic signal and more than 80% corresponding the noise level of -5 dB. This algorithm is effective under non-stationary non-Gauss noise and the detection efficiency and performance are superior to other algorithms.


L etD be the Wiener sausage of width " around two-sided Brownian motion. The components of 2-dimensional reflected Brownian motion in D con- verge to 1-dimensional Brownian motion and iterated Brownian motion, resp., as " goes to 0. 1. Introduction. Our paper is concerned with a model for a diusion in a crack. This should not be confused with the \crack diusion model" introduced by Chudnovsky and Kunin (1987) which proposes that cracks have the shape of a diusion path. The standard Brownian motion is the simplest of models proposed by Chudnovsky and Kunin. An obvious candidate for a \diusion in a Brownian crack" is the \iterated Brownian motion" or IBM (we will dene IBM later in the introduction). The term IBM has been coined in Burdzy (1993) but the idea is older than that. See Burdzy (1993, 1994) and Khoshnevisan and Lewis (1997) for the review of literature and results on IBM. The last paper is the only article known to us which considers the problem of diusion in a crack; however the results in Khoshnevisan and Lewis (1997) have considerably dierent nature from our own results. There are many papers devoted to diusions on fractal sets, see, e.g., Barlow (1990), Barlow and Bass (1993, 1997) and references therein. Diusions on fractals are often constructed by an approximation process, i.e., they are rst constructed on an appropriate "-enlargement of the fractal set and then a limit is obtained as the width " goes to 0. This procedure justies the claims of applicability of such models as the real sets are likely to be \fat" approximations to ideal fractals. The purpose of this article is to provide a similar justication for the use of IBM as a model for the Brownian motion in a Brownian crack. We will show that the two components of the reflected 2-dimensional Brownian motion in a Wiener sausage of width " converge to the usual Brownian motion and iterated Brownian motion, resp., when " ! 0. It is perhaps appropriate to comment on the possible applications of our main result. The standard interpretation of the Brownian motion with reflection is that of a diusing particle which is trapped in a set, i.e., crack. However, the transition probabilities for reflected Brownian motion represent also the solution for the heat equation with the Neu- mann boundary conditions. Our Theorem 1 may be interpreted as saying that inside very narrow cracks, the solution of the Neumann heat equation is well approximated by the solution of the heat equation on the straight line which is projected back onto the crack. We leave the proof of this claim to the reader.


With the purpose of finding the cancer-related genes from the high-dimension DNA microarray data for the classification of tumors,an evolutionary hypernetwork model is proposed in this paper. The evolutionary hypernetwork is a kind of cognitive learning model inspired by the biological networks and its learning process is very suitable for mining gene-gene interactions. In this paper,the gene selection is based on a signal-to-noise ratio method,and the selected normalized genes are processed by the hypernetwork through the learning and the classification phases. Empirical studies on the acute leukemia dataset and the colon cancer dataset demonstrate that the proposed hypernetwork classifier is high comparable with other state-of-the-art approaches in terms of classification rate of learned results.


Lepedu{, H., Cesar, V. & Has-Schon, E.: The effect of disturbed mineral nutrition on Picea omorika Pan~i} needles – a single case study. Nat. Croat., Vol. 10, No. 4., 293–304, 2001, Zagreb. A widespread conifer forest decline in Europe and North America has been expressed through various combinations of symptoms. In our study, unspecific biochemical indicators and histological findings were compared with visually assessed damage symptoms in order to get a detailed diagnosis of a single declining Picea omorika Pan~i} tree. By measuring the content of photosynthetic pigments and proteins as well as total guaiacol peroxidase activity we confirmed an altered physiological state of the investigated tree. Histological analysis showed specific patterns of decline for Mg and K deficient trees.


Abstract Since 2009, analyses of Iran have stressed the centralizing takeover of the country's economy by a single state institution, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps. At the same time, however, Iran's factionalized political elite uniformly advocate for rapid privatization of state-owned enterprises. Underneath this puzzling contradiction is a complex shift of economic ownership away from the state toward a variety of parastatal organizations including banks, cooperatives, pension funds, foundations, and military-linked contractors. The result is not a praetorian monolith but a subcontractor state. This article draws on interviews conducted in Iran during 2009 and 2010, primary data from parliamentary and governmental reports, and secondary sources to show how intraelite conflict and nonelite claims have structured the process of privatization. Framed comparatively with privatization outcomes in other middle-income countries, Iran's subcontractor state can be seen as a consequence of the way in which politics and society shaped the form of capitalism that has taken root in the Islamic Republic.


We describe the behavior of long period gratings (LPG) in 980nm pumped Erbium doped optical fibers. We have reformulated the coupled mode analysis of long period gratings to incorporate the gain term. Our results show that varying the gain coefficient can control the transmission spectrum of the grating by appropriate choice of pump power levels.


The hydrothermal reactions of PbCl 2 or PbBr 2 with diethyl [(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]phosphonate afforded two lead(II) phosphonates with the formula [Pb 3 (Ph-SO 2 -CH 2 -PO 3 ) 2 -X 2 (H 2 O)] [X = Cl (1) and Br (2)]. The two compounds are isostructural and exhibit a lamellar structure in which the phenylsulfonyl chromophores orient unilaterally on the inorganic layer of [Pb 3 (PO 3 ) 2 X 2 (H 2 O)]. The acentric stacking of such layers results in their crystallization in the noncentrosymmetric Cc space group, and both compounds show second harmonic generation responses comparable to that of KDP (KH 2 PO 4 ).


Direct reduction of iron ore, pig iron production of water equipment, which comprises: (i) a metallurgical vessel (13, 14), which is fed by the coal and iron ore are the final reduction of oxygen, while gas production process, and the process gas partial post-combustion, and (ii) a melting cyclone (12), wherein the pre-reduced iron ore and does not melt. To improve heat control and reduced maintenance, the container having (a) a top (13), wherein the process gas after combustion takes place, which is formed with a cooling water pipe comprising an inner wall (17) of the pressure cover, and (b) with a to accommodate the iron bath having a slag layer at the bottom (14), which took the final reduction of iron ore, the bottom refractory lining (15) and means for cooling the refractory lining (16) is used.


Abstract Our fascination with the ambivalences of ruin shows little sign of abating. Taking as its focus the Baltic resort of Prora, this paper explores the particular ambivalences that arise when the East German socialist past inhabits the ruins of the preceding National Socialist dictatorship. Developing a theoretical approach to the ruin as palimpsest and heterotopia, I examine three types of intervention that have been made in the post-socialist present at this largely derelict and disused site: redevelopment; musealization; and photographic representation. In each case I consider, first, the strategies that stabilize the ruin in the present and, second, the processes through which the ruin persists as a more troubling and destabilizing force. Ultimately, I argue that the ambivalences of these ruins of dictatorship are increasingly being simplified and consolidated in the post-dictatorship setting, often at the expense of the socialist phase of the site.


Although operating microscopes are readily available in ophthalmic operating theatres certain procedures are more conveniently done without them and some surgeons prefer spot-lights rather than the large shadow-free theatre lamps. Single or twin spot-lights, unlike the large theatre lamps, produce little reflection off such tissues as the cornea which could obscure details of structures behind. Spot-lights can also be placed at a more satisfactory angle than large theatre lamps. Some models of the Zeiss (Oberkochen) operating microscopes have twin larnps in supports which hold them obliquely in a fixed position where they illuminate the field of the microscope. These larnps provide a bright and evenly lit circle of illumination and make excellent spot-lights for eye surgery for those procedures where the microscope is not


METHODS Te ns ubjects (ages: 28.2±9.7 years) took part in the study. All subjects playe dp rofessionally or at a high leve lo f competition and had no history of significant lower extremity injury. Each subject performe dt hree movements on two types of artificial turf. One surface was a short pile, sand-infilled turf and the othe rw as at hird generation, long pile, sand/rubber infill turf (3G). The three movements consisted of a straight-line sprint (RUN), a one-stride stopping action during a sprint (STOP) and a 45°-cutting turn to the right (45R). The laboratory was laid out with each turf to provide an area larg ee nough to perform the movements fully. The subjects performed each movement three time so neach surface .T he players wore their own preferred footwear and were instructe dt o perform each running movement as fast as possible. Three dimensional motion analysis was performed using an 8camer, 120H zV icon Motion System. Markers were attached to the body to allow the identification of bony landmarks. Ground reaction force sw ere measured using a Kistler force plate which was synchronized with th eV icon data. Knee moments were calculate du sing inverse dynamics and normalized to body weight. During the stance phase ,P eak moments were measure dd uring aw eight acceptance (WA) period (0-20% of stance phase )a nd during a propulsion (PP) period (21-100% of stance phase )f or the RUN and 45R. A propulsion period was not define df or the STOP movement, except for moments in the sagittal plane. Moments in this pape ra re reporte da s moments that must be generate db y the internal musculature.


With the development of control theory and communication technology, networked control systems have got more and more attention. Because of limited resources, there exist network-induced delays inevitably in the networked control systems, which can degrade the systems performance at a certain extent. The problem of optimal assignment of sampling period is studied in order to optimize the performance of networked control systems. The cost function of subsystems is elected according to sampling period, network-induced delay and the characteristic of noise. Based on these, a real-time feedback scheduler is developed to periodically assign new sampling period based on the current plant states of control loop and noise intensities. At last, experiment simulation is presented.


1088 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: A9531109119/2020©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.A9531.029320 Abstract: Biodiesel is a promising future fuel. In the recent times lots of research has been done to make the waste product as a valuable product. The option which best suits is the biodiesel which can be obtained from Waste cooking oil using Various methods. The prominenet technique is the one which gives best results with the addition of less parameters involved in it. Biodiesel is acquired from edible, non-edible vegetable oils and animal fats as well. Well, a known route to manufacture biodiesel is trans-esterification of acylglycerol that undergo catalyzed esterification with methanol. With an aid of a suitable experimental design, it is vital to optimize various parameters that affect product yield and quality. A novelty of our work lies in implementing Taguchi Design for process optimization. The analysis gives an optimized set of process parameters namely oil to alcohol molar ratio as 1:7, catalyst congregation as 1%, latency as 20 min as well as intense heat as 50 °C. using these optimum conditions, the biodiesel prepared is found to have the highest yield of 75.18%, moreover diesel quality is also acceptable as per ASTM criteria. Its environmental benefits and renewability attract both industry and academia for further research.


The Mg II core-to-wing index was first developed for the Nimbus 7 solar backscatter ultraviolet spectrometer (SBUV) instrument as an indicator of solar middle ultraviolet activity that is independent of most instrument artifacts. This index is defined as the ratio of the irradiance in the core of the unresolved Mg II doublet at 280 nm to the nearby continuum irradiance and measures solar variability on both rotational and solar cycle time scales. Mg II index data sets have also been derived for the NOAA 9 and NOAA 11 SBUV/2 instruments. The combined Mg II index data record from the Nimbus 7, NOAA 9, and NOAA 11 instruments presented in this paper extends from November 1978 to January 1992. Differences in the absolute value of the Mg II index and long-term response to solar variations due to differences in wavelength scale and band pass among the three instruments require the use of linear regression fits to create a single composite Mg II index data set which includes more than 13 years of data. This paper documents version 1.0 of the composite Mg II index data set, which has been widely distributed on CD-ROM. Using this composite data set, the change in 27-day running average of the Mg II index from solar maximum to solar minimum is approximately 8% for solar cycle 21 and approximately 9% for solar cycle 22 through January 1992. This difference is not statistically significant when the errors in the linear regression fits used to construct the composite Mg II index are considered. Scaling factors based on the short-term variations in the Mg II index and solar irradiance data sets are developed for each instrument to estimate solar variability at mid-ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet wavelengths. A set of composite scale factors are derived for use with the composite Mg II index presented here. Near 205 nm, where solar irradiance variations are important for stratospheric photochemistry, the estimated change in irradiance during solar cycle 22 is approximately 10(±1)% using the composite Mg II index (version 1.0) and scale factors. However, the actual magnitude of ΔF205 is probably closer to 9% due to unconnected SBUV/2 wavelength scale drift in the current composite Mg II index data set.


The formation of positronium in gases can be investigated by observing the energy spectrum of the annihilation radiation. The increase in positronium formation due to a static electric field has been measured in various gases. For the rare gases the increase has a sigmoid dependence on the ratio of electric field to pressure. The fraction of the positrons that form positronium increases by a maximum factor of 1.5, 1.4, and 2.1 for He, Ne, and A, respectively. A similar increase was observed for H2, D2, and N2. No effect of the electric field was found in the polyatomic gases CO2, CH4, C2H6, and CCl2F2, but a small anomalous decrease in positronium formation was seen in SF6.The increase in positronium formation occurs in the presence of an electric field because low energy positrons, which die by direct annihilation with atomic electrons without positronium formation in the absence of an electric field, can gain energy from the electric field to cross the threshold energy for positronium formation in the g...


The effects of a high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) in the terahertz (THz) range on biological systems is the subject of ongoing investigation. With a beamline range of 0.5 THz - 20 THz, the THz/Far-IR beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is ideally suited to explore possible THz effects. We have developed a technique to achieve precise estimation of the amount of absorbed energy when using diverse cell types at THz frequencies. The approach involves evaluating the overall incident beam power, the determination of the frequency and photon dispersion, and evaluating the relative contribution of the frequency ranges. The sample depth is an important component of the evaluation. Since higher THz frequencies have shallower sample penetration depths, parts of the sample are being exposed to not only different total THz energy doses, but to a different frequency profile. Our technique achieves accurate estimation of the exposure profile.


Scopolia parviflora Nakai, a rare and endangered species, is the sole plant producing tropane alkaloids (TA) among the Korean native species. In order to enhance TA productivity the SP72 root line was selected by screening 100 of root line, and the optimal culture media for root growth and TA production were investigated with the SP72 roots. Based on the several media, SH and 2B5 medium were determined as growth medium and White and NN medium as production medium. Among the four combinations of two-stage culture, 2BN (2B5 as growth medium plus NN as production medium) showed more enhanced root growth and TA production as compared with production media of White and NN medium and growth media of SH and 2B5 medium, respectively. However, bubble column bioreactor (BCB) cultures applying two-stage culture did not reveal the effective results despite of the each successful operation of two-stage culture in conical flasks and BCB cultures.


Chemokines function as the main regulators of leukocyte trafficking under inflammatory conditions. Chemokine receptors have a 7 transmembrane structure and belong to the G protein‐coupled receptor subfamily. G‐Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate cellular responses to a diverse array of signaling molecules such as neurotransmitters, phosophilipds, and peptide hormones. Receptors coupled to G proteins form the largest known family of surface receptors, however despite the identification of hundreds human GPCRs, more than half are termed orphan. Recently, a CXCL7 (RDC1) has been cloned as an orphan GPCR receptor that shares homology with chemokine receptors. Initially, RDC1 was reported as a receptor vasoactive intestinal peptide, however this observation was dismissed when it was shown that RDC1 could not account for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) binding.


"To say that prices will go down to $300/tonne is a very strong overreaction on the price," Moody's assistant vice president, Sergei Grishunin, told IM.

"I think closure of the smaller Chinese polysilicon companies is actually a good thing for the industry since it will bring up the price of polysilicon to a sustainable $24/kg to $30/kg in the next 12 months," she explained to IM.

"The current sub-$20/kg prices are not sustainable given that the cost of Siemens polysilicon production is $20/kg to $25/kg for large players and for smaller players around $25/kg to $30/kg, so any company selling below $20/kg is not making any money in this business and the overcapacity is dragging the entire industry down," [Fatima Toor] said.


routine laboratory. Universal acceptance of the Draize tests was advanced by the prestige of the US Food and Drug Administration wherein they had been hatched. But they also profited from the then rapidly emerging concept of the 'bioassay' from which quantitative and thus undisputable data could be expected, an advantage that was particularly desirable for those who had to translate toxicological findings into regulatory and labelling decisions. For many years, criticism of the Draize tests remained discreet. It concerned mainly the observation that owing to the high permeability of the rabbit skin and the peculiar anatomic characteristics of the rabbit eye, Draize test results usually overpredicted the hazards of skin and eye irritancy for man. Overprediction, of course, is a common feature of all types of toxicity tests, and it is usually justified by the desire to know the whole spectrum of adverse effects over a broad dose range. However, since irritancy test results are usually translated into restrictive labelling, overprediction of hazardous properties can lead to an erosion of public confidence and a widespread disregard of warning statement for chemicals. A much more determined attack against the practice of irritancy testing in laboratory animals was mounted by anti-vivisectionist groups. Although it is a common experience that corrosive chemicals submitted for testing are few in numbers, the destructiveness of lesions inflicted upon the animals with such compounds is so serious that the Draize test procedures became a matter of great public concern. Together with the LDso determination, local irritancy tests became the primary targets of anti-vivisectionist agitation, and, I am proud to say, also of the research efforts of toxicological scientists. The report of a working party of the British Toxicology Society (BTS) contained in this issue summarizes the options currently available to abolish pain and suffering of the animals subjected to irritancy testing and to reduce the number of subjects used in these procedures. Nowhere in this paper does one perceive even a shimmer of doubt that the testing of irritant properties of chemicals must continue. But there is an equally strong confidence that better techniques can be elaborated and that protection of people must not be traded-off against intolerable animal suffering. In the introductory paragraph I pointed out that the Draize tests for skin and eye irritancy initially had a great appeal, because a complex biological response could be graded and expressed in a numerical value, thus fulfilling the basic requirements of a 'bioassay'. Like IQs and scholastic tests, irritancy scores and LD50S can be used to categorize and to make regulatory decisions, but much relevant information is


Objective:To sum up clinical characteristics of obesity with acanthosis nigricans(AN)and enhance the capacity of congnition the disease.Methods: 20 AN cases were compared through age and BMI.Oral glucose tolerance test,insulin release test,C-peptide,the HOMA insulin resistance and the curve area of insulin and glucose were measured.Results:HOMA-IR,the curve area of insulin and glucose in the AN group were significantly increased.Conclusion: Insulin resistance of AN is seriouser in the disease than in pure obesity.We should actively attended the physical sports,control foods,reduce weight and take metformin or thiazolidinedione.


Self-questioning update rules is the selected process of the optimal strategy of the individuals by comparing the payoff from various alternative strategies. In this paper, a self-questioning dynamical evolutionary game with altruistic or spiteful preferences via weighted sums of own and opponents payoffs is studied. In order to obtain the influence of long-range connections and degree heterogeneity on evolutionary game model, we study three kinds of spatial structure: the two-dimensional lattice, homogeneous small-world networks (only the introduction of long-range connections) and heterogenous small-world networks (both long-range connections and degree heterogeneity). Through the Ising model theory and Monte Carlo simulation the following conclusions are obtained: long-range connections make the individuals perplex in strategic choice which is similar to the state of frustration in spin glass; the degree heterogeneity makes the different individual has the different field (the more neighbours, the larger of field); when the field is positive, long-range connections promote cooperation, but the heterogeneity of degree inhibits the production of cooperation.


Abstract The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of monoisotopic SF 5 35 Cl has been recorded in the 650- to 960-cm −1 region at a temperature of 203 K, a pressure of 0.2 mbar, and an instrumental bandwidth of 0.002 cm −1 . The ν 1 /ν 8 dyad near 900 cm −1 has been analyzed with an effective Hamiltonian developed up to the fourth order and the help of a recently developed set of programs called C 4 v TDS ( C 4 v Top Data System, http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/LPUB/C4VTDS.html ); 1346 transitions for ν 1 , 351 transitions for ν 8 , and 406 ground state combination differences have been assigned and fitted. A global fit has been obtained with an rms of 0.00082 cm −1 for the ν 1 ( a 1 ) band, of 0.0011 cm −1 for the ν 8 ( e ) band, and of 0.00064 cm −1 for the ground state.


Successful agricultural innovations depend inter alia, upon farmer perception of introduced programmes. The present study determined farmer perceptions of the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and how these affected innovative technology adoption practices in poultry management in Wakiso district in central Uganda. Social demographic attributes (SDAs) data and perceptions of the NAADS were captured quantitatively using interviews from self-reported survey questionnaires with 231 poultry farmers. Measured perception factors included: attitude, social influence, skills, knowledge and belief about capabilities. Results showed farmer perceptions to be significantly influenced by farmer SDA 'experience' and 'education level'. While 'attitude' played a small but significant role, perception factors 'skills' and 'social Influence' contributed significantly to farmer intentions towards innovative technology adoption. To enhance intentions towards adoption of innovative advisory services, value addition and marketing, farmer SDAs and perception beliefs need to be considered.


Here the author presents a brief background and the history of complex media, in particular the materials with negative permittivity and permeability, and then he discusses some of the salient electromagnetic features of these metamaterials. This is followed by description of some of the ideas regarding potential future applications of these metamaterials in devices and components, along with physical remarks and intuitive justification.


Abstract Annealed polycrystalline copper samples are implanted with 325 keV H+ -ions at ambient temperature for total fluences of 2.2–8.4 × 1018 ions/cm2, and are examined using SEM and optical microscope. The critical fluence for blistering is about 5.2 × 1018 ions/cm2. The observations reported are (i) preferential decoration of grain boundaries with elongated blisters which have a tendency of interconnecting each other, (ii) irradiation induced grain boundary movement, (iii) onset of blistering only on few grains and tendency of coalescence, at the critical dose, (iv) spongy blister skins, and (v) simultaneous occurrence of blister exfoliation from the top and from the periphery. The observation (i) is attributed to preferential nucleation of gas bubbles along the grain boundaries and their successive coalescence; (ii) and (iii) are assigned to partial channelling; (iv) is understood to be a consequence of the growth and the coalescence of the bubbles within the skin: and (v) is considered to be the be...