We present an analysis of the ROSAT and ASCA spectra of 21 broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) with detected in the band with the ASCA GIS. The summed spectrum in the ASCA band is well described by a power law with , flatter than the average spectral index of bright QSOs and consistent with the spectrum of the X-ray background in this band. The flat spectrum in the ASCA band could be explained by only a moderate absorption (∼ assuming the typical AGN spectrum, i.e. a power law with . This could in principle suggest that some of the highly obscured AGN, required by most X-ray background synthesis models, may be associated with normal blue QSOs rather than narrow-line AGN. However, the combined ASCA–ROSAT spectrum is well fit by a power-law of with a spectral upturn at soft energies. It has been pointed out that such an upturn may be an artefact of uncertainties in the calibration of the ROSAT or ASCA detectors. Nevertheless, if real, it could imply that the above absorption model suggested by the ASCA data alone is ruled out. Then a large fraction of QSOs could have 'concave' spectra i.e. they gradually steepen towards softer energies. This result is in agreement with the BeppoSAX hardness ratio analysis of ∼100 hard X-ray selected sources.


This section tabulates the Normative Usage of Integration of third country nationals (TCNs) in European Union (EU) law (1974-2008). It includes various EU Law/Policy, key actors and main approaches and features that have characterised integration in EU law from 1974 to the present.Keywords: European Union (EU) legal order; third country nationals (TCNs)


The invention provides a bendazac lysine synthesis process. In the bendazac lysine synthesis process provided by the invention, bendazac and L-lysine are used as raw materials which are dissolved in 95% ethanol and purified water respectively and mixed and then react to form a salt to obtain a crude product of bendazac lysine; then the crude product of bendazac lysine is recrystallized to obtain the finished product. The finished product of bendazac lysine prepared by the process provided by the invention is white or off-white crystalline powder, the total yield is over 80%, and the content is 99-101%; moreover, the content of impurity A (3-hydroxyl-1-benzylindazol) is less than 0.05% or no impurity A is detected, and the total content of impurities is less than 0.2%. The process provided by the invention has the advantages of mild conditions of the salt forming reaction and refining, short reaction time, high yield, high purity and low cost, and is suitable for industrial mass production.


The standardization system in Urban Transit is the system that verifies and develop the standard, a safety standard, a performance test standard and a quality certification standard to improve the capability, the safety and operational efficiency and that develops technologies of the main installations. We have already developed a signal, electric power in Urban Transit. Also, we have already noticed the standardization of railroad tracks and developed the main installations through the first stage in the standardization in 1995~2006. Still, there remains many fields to standardize, like information and communication facilities, facilities in the station, governmental organizations and maintenance facilities because, Urban Transit is so widespread. In case that we do not keep promoting the standardization in Urban Transit, rather it could hamper development of the Urban Transit. So, it is important to maintain and advance the standardization in Urban Transit. In this paper, we suggest the research course that we would promote, to maintain and develop the standardization in Urban Transit.


There's some difference in the study aims between Theoretical Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials, therefore we should choose related principles of mechanics and suitable handling ways to solve specific problems of engineering component parts properly.


ABSTRACT THE respirable aerosol concentration (RAC) in an enclosed, fan-ventilated swine nursery was measured continuously at 15 min intervals over 24, 24-h sampling periods. The nursery housed 570 pigs which varied in age from approximately 25 to 63 days. Pigs were confined in pens with slatted floors over a continuously ventilated pit. Over the 24 sampling days, the mean total aerosol concentration (TAC) of particles with diameters greater than 0.3 fum was 55 particles/mL with a geometric mean diameter (D50) of 0.48 jum, while the mean RAC over the entire study was 22.2 particles/mL with a D50 of 1.24 jum. Particles with diameters between 0.3 and 0.5 ixm comprised 50.5% by number of the TAC. Particles with diameters between 1 and 2 jLtm comprised 43.8% by number of the RAC. Mean daily RACs ranged from 6 to 40.1 particles/mL. Maximum RAC measured during this study was 148 particles/mL, while the minimum RAC measured was 1.1 particles/mL. Highest mean hourly RAC of 37.9 particles/mL occurred between 0700 and 0800 h. Largest RAC measurements occurred between 0600 and 1000 h, and between 1500 and 1700 h. Significantly higher RACs were found during feeding, periods of daylight outdoors and at lower outdoor temperatures when ventilation air exchange was lower.


Communication is the framework that supports the relationship between the clinician, the child, and their family, and this relationship is itself therapeutic. Through communication, clinicians learn who the child and family members are as unique human beings and have the opportunity to develop relationships that form the context of care and decision-making over time. Although the words that are used in conversations are important, and suggested approaches are described, it is through authentic human dialogue that the bonds are developed with patients and their families, which constitute the true significance of this work. Through self-awareness and understanding of the barriers we all use to avoid difficult conversations; solid and often profound relationships can be established so that both clinicians and families can find meaning in even the most difficult circumstances. Indeed, for many who work with these children and their families, such relationships are one of the main reasons why they continue to choose this work.


Following the innovation of the education and physical education, great changes have taken place for the teaching of volleyball for many years. The volleyball teacher are paying attention to "student-centered " idea, but instructional program lags relatively. Different theories and ideas are put forward on the basis of the disscussion on the reform of teaching goal , content and teaching pace.


Monthly samples of algae collected in eighteen sites of springs and streams through September-2019 till August-2020during morning till afternoon in Shaqlawa district within Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Eleven various kinds of algae were identified for first time in Iraqi inland water, distributed to three genera of blue-green algae, which include Marssoniella elegans, Pseudoanabaena catenata,Cyanotheca aeroginosa,also in Pyrrophyta identified four new species genera include Gymnodium inversum, Woloszynskia tenuissima, Peridinium goslaviense, Hemidinium naustumandXanthopyta recorded three species were Ophiocytium arbuscula, Ophiocytium parvulum, Tetraedriella polychloriswhile Cryptophyta only have one species was Cryptomonas reflex. According to physicals and chemicals characteristics, water temperature varied from 14.942oC to 18.475oC, pH lies on alkaline side of neutrality, electrical conductivity ranged between (627.472-2092.306s/cm) and high concentration of salinity recorded in Azarian spring, higher value of calcium and magnesium recorded in Azarian and Benwan springs were 294.84 mg/L and 106.578 mg/L respectively. Lower value of nitrate and phosphate reported in Sard and Piawan springs, while lower value of sulfate observed in Prenga spring.


The strategic importance of business-to-business (B2B) relationships is well recognized, but their financial impact remains equivocal. This study links social capital from three types of B2B networks of young technology firms with their initial public offering (IPO) value. The authors identify three relevant types of absorptive capacity that facilitate the transformation of B2B social capital into IPO value. For the transformation to occur, the authors find that young firms need not only the opportunity to access the resources provided by B2B relationships but also the ability to leverage them through the complementary capability—namely, absorptive capacity. They test the hypotheses on a sample of 177 IPOs, and the results are robust to endogeneity concerns and alternative measures. As one of the first studies in marketing–finance interface to focus on young firms, the findings provide novel insights, such as the deleterious financial consequence of having marketing and research-and-development B2B relationships without the relevant absorptive capacity. The authors conclude with a discussion of managerial implications regarding communicating the value of absorptive capacity, disclosure of marketing-related information, and the importance of marketing for young technology firms.


Epsilon near zero (ENZ) materials are a promising candidate for nonlinear applications. Specifically, thin-film ENZ materials can demonstrate strong field enhancements and large optically induced refractive index changes, enhanced further through plasmonic antennas in a metasurfaces geometry. In this paper, we investigate the thermo-optic response of such ENZ metasurfaces and present a novel method for characterising the nonlinear phase shift, based on Hilbert transforms. Specifically, the thermo-optic response of the material can be fully characterised by measuring two transmission spectra, at low and high pump power. Through the Hilbert transformations, the phase response associated with each transmission spectrum can be calculated, allowing a characterisation of both the real and imaginary component of the nonlinear transmission function. Using this new approach, we show strong thermo-optic responses for sub-mW optical pumping, opening the way towards low power nonlinear optics.


Use of the Internet of today is not a new thing anymore. Nearly all the world knew him. The Internet also represents a culmination of information technology on its use in a computer. The Internet can introduce things in a clear, such as introducing themselves, businesses, and others. This can be done with a container which is known as a Web site. Fc Juventus information, which is an example of Soccer Information online. Fc Juventus information is various information suppliers Football is currently attracting considerable attention especially for the fans of Juventus Fc in Indonesia. Scientific Writing Website aims to create a Football Club that can be used as a means of information about various kinds of information Juventus fc. In scientific writing will be discussed how to create a Web site information a simple football is also interesting. And of course the website can be modified at a later date.


Source separation consists in recovering signals mixed by an unknown transmission channel. Likelihood and information theory or higher order statistics can be used to perform the separation. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach to the problem of an instantaneous linear mixing, considering the source signals are discrete valued. The Bayesian inference enables to take in account jointly prior information and the information available on the observation signals. This approach implies complex calculations which can be achieved through Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) simulation methods. The separation method for binary inputs was exposed in and is now extended to PSK source signals.


Recent data by Oberfeld [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 2137–2148 (2007)] supported the hypothesis [Arieh and Marks, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 1550–1556 (2003)] that a forward‐masker causes two processes influencing the loudness of a temporally proximal target tone. One process results in a shift in target loudness towards masker loudness (e.g., loudness enhancement) and decays within 400 ms. Induced loudness reduction (ILR) caused by the second process remains constant for several seconds. According to this model, an estimate of the effect of the faster‐decaying process is the change in loudness level at a short masker‐target interval (both processes are in effect), minus the negative change in loudness level at a long interval (only ILR is effective). At a 100‐ms interval, loudness matches between a 2500‐Hz target and a 500‐Hz comparison showed that 2500‐Hz maskers more than 10 dB higher in level than a 35‐dB SPL target caused an increase in loudness. For a 60‐dB SPL target, a loudness increase was found at a masker‐target level difference of 30 dB, but not at smaller differences. At the 1000‐ms interval, ILR was consistently observed. The estimated amount of loudness enhancement is compared to data from experiments using a same‐frequency matching task.


In Ceramic tile industry the quality control process plays a major role to enhance quality standards. Still quality control of ceramic tile industry is done mostly by manually. Manual inspection is labor intensive, costly and less in efficiency. Further, the accuracy of the defect detection is lower due to harsh industrial environment and human errors. To overcome such drawbacks this project proposes an automated inspection system for ceramic tile industry based on image processing techniques. This system can detect color variations and defects such as corner damages, edge damages and middle cracks on the surface of the tile with high accuracy and efficiency. The tiles are compared with a good quality reference tile using image processing concepts using Matlab software. Based on this comparison the tile quality is classified. The system was checked with 110 real ceramic tiles consisting of defected tiles with cracks, corner damages and color variations. The results were outstanding with of 96.36% detection accuracy rate. The processing time for one tile was approximately 2 seconds. This outstanding achievement of results reflects that this automated system can effectively replace manual ceramic tile detection system with better accuracy and efficiency.


We will discuss the maximum entropy production (MaxEP) principle based on Jaynes' information theoretical arguments, as was done by Dewar (2003 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36 631–41, 2005 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38 371–81). With the help of a simple mathematical model of a non-equilibrium system, we will show how to derive minimum and maximum entropy production. Furthermore, the model will help us to clarify some confusing points and to see differences between some MaxEP studies in the literature.


As a consequence of its characterization using both in vitro and knockout mouse models, the myeloid‐specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)ε, has been identified as a critical regulator of terminal granulopoiesis and one of the causative mutations in the human disease, neutrophil‐specific granule deficiency. C/EBPs are a family of transcription factors sharing numerous structural and functional features and to date include C/EBPα, ‐β, ‐γ, ‐δ, ‐ε, and –ζ.


Radiation polarizer, controller, and discloses a method of radiation polarization and beam control. Radiation polarizer (10) includes a substrate (14), at least one anti-reflective coating layer is communicatively coupled to the substrate (32), at least being communicatively coupled to at least one anti-reflective coating layer 2 one of the nanostructure (22), and at least two grooved layer (20), each of the at least two grooved layers are penetrated corresponding to one of at least two nanostructures. The method includes coupling to be able to transmit at least one anti-reflective coating layer on the substrate, and coupling to be able to transmit at least two nanostructures to at least one of the at least one anti-reflective coating layer, at least 2 corresponding steps to penetrate at least two layers of fluted respective one, in order to provide a transmission wavelength range to less than the wavelength approximately of the microwave from about 250 nm, at least two grooves of the one of nanostructures a step of coupling the attached layer and at least two nanostructures, by passing the binding of at least two grooved layer and at least two nanostructures, ranging to less than the wavelength of approximately microwave about 250nm You can wavelengths and including the step of examining a radiation having a perpendicular electric field to the layer with at least two grooves.


In recent years, investigating opportunities to support knowledge-intensive business processes has gained increasing momentum in the research community. Novel contributions that introduce paradigms addressing the need for process execution flexibility form an alternative to traditional workflow management approaches and are mostly subsumed under the concept of adaptive case management (ACM). However, many of these approaches omit mining any kind of knowledge about such processes. This is because there is a gap between process mining, which works well for structured processes, and ACM, which mainly focuses on information system support for task management and collaboration using heterogeneous data sources. In this paper, we strive to bridge this gap by introducing a method for mining knowledge-intensive processes. It is part of agenda-driven case management, an ACM approach that follows the idea of mining common execution patterns while a case manager handles a flexible agenda.


Daily Demonstrators opens with an anecdote about Martin Luther King Jr. asking "a white Mennonite leader" in 1959, "Where have you Mennonites been?" Shearer argues that "a small but identifiable group of Mennonites" were actively participating in civil rights demonstrations – albeit "in a manner King did not then recognize. They demonstrated at home and inside the church" (vii). Shearer is assistant professor of history and African American studies coordinator at the University of Montana. For most of the 1990s, he was director of the Racism Awareness Program of Mennonite Central Committee USA. 1 This experience, and his authorship of two earlier books on racism, 2 make him well qualified to write the history of Mennonite involvement (or lack thereof) in the American civil rights movement. Part of the primary source base for this study is a collection of forty interviews conducted by Shearer between 2002 and 2008. Oral historians will be disappointed that the voices of those interviewed are often muted and that discussion of oral history methodology is absent. Shearer uses these interviews solely to provide "detail, internal perspective, and illustrative anecdotes..." (xx) and does not engage with the extensive literature in oral history methods or memory studies. Shearer argues that, with respect to the civil rights movement, American Mennonites reflected broader American society: only some "took to the streets"; some opposed civil rights demonstrations; most "neither actively opposed nor engaged street-based activism"; even more "participated in demonstrations" at home and at church; and some "took more oppositional stances" (23). Such a diversity of responses was a result of the fact that Mennonite history and religious values could be used to support opposing positions on civil rights. Their religious commitment to social justice had led American Mennonites to protest slavery in


Abstract,
       This research empirically test and prove whether ROA, DTA and TATO effect on stock return on a property company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2011-2014. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. Tools statistical tests used in this study were multiple linear regression through the program Stats Product and Service Solution (SPSS 16).
       The population in this research is a property company that is listed on the Stock Exchange Period 2011-2014 amounted to 49 companies. Samples in this study amounted to 31 companies selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data used in this research is financial statements and stock prices is through the 2011-2014 period www.idx.co.id sites; www.finance.yahoo.com and www.sahamok.com.
        The test results simultaneously stated that ROA, DTA and TATO has no effect on stock returns as evidenced by the F-count equal to 1.331 and the probability of 0.286. Partial test showed that ROA has no effect on stock returns is by t-test amounted to 1.437 and the probability of 0.163. DTA has no effect on stock returns is by t-test amounted to 0.223 and the probability of 0.825 and TATO has no effect on stock returns is by t-test amounted to 0.152 and the probability of 0.880. The conclusion of this study property company's financial statements have no effect on stock returns for the value of R square (R2) is only 13.3%.


C17H15CdCl2N5, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 10.4884(4) Å, b = 9.2395(4) Å, c = 17.6603(6) Å, . = 91.674(2)°, V = 1710.7 Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.020, wRref(F ) = 0.055, T = 100 K. Source of material To a solution of 0.29 g (1 mmol) 2-((5-methyl-1-pyridin-2-yl)1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl-1H-benzimidazole in ethanol a solution of 0.22 g (1 mmol) cadmium dichloride dihydrate, CdCl2· 2H2O in ethanole was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h. After two weeks single crystals of the title compound could be isolated in 60.% yield. Discussion Benzimidazole and its derivatives were found to have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. For example, the 5,6dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1-1,.-L-ribofuranosyl-1-Hbenzimidazole is a novel benzimidazole derivative for treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and disease [1,2]. On the other hand, transition metal complexes with benzimidazole and its derivatives have attracted much attention due to interesting structural [3] and chemical properties [4], as well as due to their potential applications in biology [5] and material science [6]. The title crystal strucure is monomeric with the cadmium atom in a five-coordinate arrangement that is best described as a distorted trigonal bipyramide. Three nitrogen atoms of the organic ligand occupy an equatorial (eq) and both axial (ax) sites with a distortion of the axial bond angle of 147.30(7)°. The Cd—N bonds are 2.364(2) Å (N21, ax), 2.282(2) Å (N3, ax) and 2.306(2) Å (N12, eq). Normally, the axial bonds should be longer than the equatorial ones. In the present case, this tendence is broken, obviously, because of the sterical demands of the organic ligand. The chlorine atoms occupy the remaining both equatorial sites with bond lengths of 2.449(1) Å (Cl2) and 2.485(1) Å (Cl1) , respectively. The difference may result from the fact that Cl1 is involved in an intermolecular hydrogen bond, but not Cl2. The bond angle between the chlorine atoms being 118.19(2)°, in accordance with the trigonal base of the bipyramide. Similar cadmium coordinations are found in a lot of other dichlorido complexes with tridentate nitrogen ligands. The extend of the distortion of the trigonal bipyramide, as well as the variations in cadmiumnitrogen bond lengths depend on the rigidity of the organic ligand. The organic ligand itself combines the structural features of 2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole [7], 2-methyl-pyridine [8,9] and 1,2,3-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole, linked directly (pyridine/ pyrazole) or via a methylene bridge (benzimidazole/pyrazole). All in all, this tridentate organic molecule adopts a half-pipe conformation. In solid state, the individual molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds between the NH group of the benzimidazole moiety and one chlorine atom of an adjacent molecule [d(Cl1···N1) = 3.277(1) Å; ∠(O−H···Cl) = 140°]. As a result of this weak interaction the molecules are arranged within chains propagating around the twofold screw axis of the monoclinic unit cell. Beside this classical hydrogen bonds there exist some additional interactions between the chlorine atoms and CH groups. Z. Kristallogr. NCS 224 (2009) 339-340 / DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2009.0151 339 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München Crystal: yellow block, size 0.20 × 0.25 × 0.49 mm Wavelength: Mo K0 radiation (0.71073 Å) &: 15.99 cm−1 Diffractometer, scan mode: Bruker APEX-II CCD, +/1 2"max: 55.98° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 94817, 4002 Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 !(Iobs), 3611 N(param)refined: 231 Programs: SHELXS-97 [10], SHELXL-97[11], SHELXTL [12], DIAMOND [13] Table 1. Data collection and handling.


Stunting is still a global health problem in the world, as well as in Indonesia. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia, because the impact of stunting is very detrimental to the development of a country. In the short term, stunting causes disturbances in physical, brain, cognitive, and metabolic development. In the long term, stunting causes reduction in cognitive abilities, increases the risk of child mortality and morbidity, decreases productivity and income in adults. Therefore, the development of ICS is needed as a reference for pregnant women supplementation. ICS must contain protein and minerals (Fe, Ca, and Zn) to have an effect on stunting. This study aims to analyze the protein and mineral content (Fe, Ca, and Zn) of ICS. Protein content was analyzed using Kjeldahl method, while mineral content was analyzed using AAS method. All protein and mineral content data were tested differently using two-way ANOVA. In conclusion, there is no significant difference between the formulas in terms of protein content. There was an interaction between factor A and factor B on the content of Fe and Ca, and there was an effect of 0% and 5% maltodextrin on the Zn content of ICE.


This review examines the features of the structure, pathogenesis and treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe chronic kidney disease.


Ubiquitous healthcare is the service that provides health-related information and contents to users anywhere and anytime. In this paper, we develop a smart interconnected healthcare based system which enables the visualization, transmission and sharing of medical records and reports via the cloud. Our application allows the production of medical, genetic and scientific data between health professionals, scientists and patients.


Air-fuel balance is the key to clean combustion. Coal-fired public utilities are under constant pressure to meet environmental air quality standards in reducing NOx emissions. Reduction of NOx is critically dependent, on controlled combustion conditions. Accurate measurement and control of the Primary and Secondary Air is an important factor in attaining this goal. Once the Primary Air can be measured accurately, the next variable to consider in the chain is the Secondary air. The actual "Burner Zone Stoichiometry" is the sum of the two air flows to any one burner plus the fuel flow. As shown in Figure 1 below, the Primary air conveys the fuel to the burner and supplies some of the combustion air. The Secondary air provides the oxygen to complete the combustion in the "Burner Zone" to the extent the burner is designed. On a typical burner, there is more combustion air delivered to the burner by the Secondary air than the Primary air generally by a factor of 2, depending on burner design. The additional air or Secondary air completes the combustion in the "Burner Zone", based on optimizing a set of conditions such as NOx, CO, and boiler tube flame impingement. Maintaining desired stoichiometric ratio and Primary/Secondary air ratio to minimize emissions requires accurate measurement/control of the Primary and Secondary air.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Extinction is a newopen-access journal focused on the patterns and processes underlying the loss of biodiversity. It aims to inform conservation efforts, with a broad spatial and temporal scope. Extinction biology – the scientific study of species loss – has a long history and has recently become a more interdisciplinary and integrated field. This journal offers a unique, synthetic forum in which to present cutting-edge research and discuss its implications. This includes ecological, molecular, paleontological, and social perspectives, based on empirical data, theory, and modelling, to understand extinction processes. By tackling the big challenges, the research published in Extinction will be valuable for researchers and practitioners concerned with extinction and its role in shaping the history and future of life on Earth.


Drought, its impact on Australian farms, and the policy response has long been a topic of interest to authors and readers of this journal (e.g. Dillon and Lloyd 1962; Freebairn 1983). Contributions have illustrated that agricultural firms can cope with periods of drought, given sufficient thoughtfulness and planning. This is not to deny the negative impacts of drought on individuals and farm businesses, and hence policy responses that typically have subsidised inputs during periods of drought. Collectively, these contributions have focussed on the efficacy of government policies. This special edition continues that tradition by considering the implications of drought and also reviewing policy options. The four papers deploy differing empirical techniques and analyse the behavioural responses of farmers in different contexts. Overall, the papers reiterate the importance of considering drought as a norm, rather than presenting it as an extraordinary occurrence, an approach likely to be increasingly important given predictions of greater climate variability in the future. Ross Kingwell and Vilaphonh Xayavong focus on a subset of farm businesses in Western Australia. Their study takes advantage of a novel dataset that traces the impact of drought on farm financial performance over a number of years. This includes data that describe postdrought performance, which gives insights into the longer-term consequences and influence of drought. Overall they find that exposure to drought has quite different impacts on farms. This is perhaps not that surprising but it does emphasise the heterogeneity of farm businesses generally and that every drought has its own nuances – thus the challenge of establishing a national approach to drought phenomena. Their results illustrate that farm financial performance deteriorates in times of drought, although they also find that farm wealth increases over time, regardless of drought. Of particular interest is their finding showing positive and significant impacts for farm businesses experiencing consecutive years of drought. This latter finding is attributed to the accelerated adjustments that attend consecutive years of drought and that longer-term financial gains can follow from adjustment. The role of management expertise is also revealed by the analysis of Kingwell and Xayavong, leading them to conclude that a focus on enhanced management might deliver better outcomes than subsidies targeted at other farm inputs. The paper by Adam Loch and David Adamson also sheds light on farmer adaption in response to drought, but does so by focussing on irrigated agriculture in the heavily scrutinised Murray-Darling Basin. Their analysis also differs insomuch as it uses state contingent modelling to consider the collective impacts of water policies (as distinct from drought policies) that


In this research, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) was used to synthesize spinel Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles for the first time based on the precisely designed stoichiometric chemistry of organic precursor solution driven through a single FSP nozzle. The characterization results based on X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption confirmed the formation of spinel cubic Zn2SnO4 phase with high phase purity and high specific surface area of 78.8 m2/g. The gas-sensing properties of Zn2SnO4 sensors measured in dry air at 200–400 °C revealed high HCOOH selectivity against several other volatile organic acids, volatile organic compounds and environmental gases with a high and repeatable response of 16.5 towards 1000 ppm HCOOH at an optimal operating temperature of 350 °C.


For formation control of multiple vehicle, the typical method is feedback linearization, wherein followers track the leader within a constant distance. Uncertainties and noises arising from varying external environments may easily lead to tracking errors, however. In this paper, the leader-follower error model is built and an adaptive controller is designed to address the uncertain relative distance using the dynamic estimation of the leader-follower distance. Further, a robust adaptive controller is developed to tackle inevitable white noise in the follower velocity detection. Simulation validations demonstrate that the proposed robust adaptive controller performs better than other controllers, given uncertainties and noise. Finally, the multiple vehicles formation mode is extended from two vehicles to five by using graph theory. This paper simulates five vehicles in triangle formation using a robust adaptive controller. The results confirm the viability of the robust adaptive controller under conditions of uncertain relative distances between vehicles, given external noise.


ObjectiveTo review the experience of treatment of total anomalouspulmonary venous connection(TAPVC) in 6 patients.MethodsAll patients were repaired by using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.The opera-tions were performed via the atrioventricular groove approach,the top approach of left atrium and the atrium septal edfectapproach in 4 cases of supracardiac type.1 case of mixed type and an-other inacardiac was repaired by excision the roof of the coronary sinus andthe resulting large defect closed with a pericardial patch.Results1 patient died at early stage of postoperation.The otherswere followed-up 3 months to 6 years.All survivors have no arrhythmia and their heart functions were improved.ConclusionsTAPVC should be taken surgical treatment as soon as possible.The top approach of left atrium is superior toother methods for supracardiac type repair.


Abstract : This technical note explains an automated questionnaire administration technique that was developed to reduce questionnaire administration time and data reduction time and errors, and to increase the amount of useful information obtained from subjective questioning. The technique significantly reduced the number of man-hours required to administer questionnaires and the number and types of errors incurred during administration and analyses. Instant, real-time response analyses allowed administrators to identify questionnaire items that needed deeper discussion and and to ask respondents to elaborate as a group, when necessary. Originator-supplied keywords includes: Automation, Real time, Quick reaction, Data, Reduction, and Analyzers.