Regeneration dynamics of cedar sapling of the Ujuk Mountain range are studied since 2005. Renewal of cedar sapling Siberian on the bottom and top border of forests assumes that fluctuation warming of a climate in 1975-2005 has made positive impact on area expansion. In connection with climatic factors we analyzed of cedar sapling Massif Uyuk on the bottom and top border of forest using transect method.


We construct the generalized Lebesgue--Bochner spaces $L^p(\mu,\varPi)$ for positive measures $\mu$ and for suitable real or complex topological vector spaces $\varPi$ so that for $1<p<+\infty$ and Banachable $\varPi$ with separable topology the strong dual of the classical Bochner space $L^p(\mu,\varPi)$ becomes canonically represented by $L^{p^*}(\mu,\varPi_\sigma')\,$. Hence we need no separability assumption of the norm topology of the strong dual $\varPi_\beta'$ of $\varPi$. For $p=1$ and for suitably restricted positive measures $\mu$ we even get a similar result without any separability of the norm topology of the target space $\varPi$. For positive Radon measures on locally compact topological spaces these results are essentially contained on pages 588--606 in R. E. Edwards' classical Functional Analysis.


This dissertation contains three essays on the law and economics of cybersecurity. Chapter 1 contains the introduction to the problem and the review of the different technological, economic, and law-based solutions hitherto proposed to combat the problem.
Chapter 2, which contains the first essay, puts forward the idea that cyberinsurance can be a powerful tool to align market incentives toward improving cybersecurity. We present three economic arguments for cyberinsurance as well as conduct time and case studies to trace the evolution of the cyberinsurance industry. We conclude that in theory, there are significant theoretical foundations to support the case for cyberinsurance as a market-based solution to managing Internet security risks. In practice, although some implementation issues remain, cyberinsurers were able to find ways to address what used to be major problems, such as adverse selection, moral hazard, etc.
In Chapter 3, we examine whether firms whose computer systems are under attack should be permitted to hack back, and how the law of self-defense in cyberspace should be designed. We employ a formal, game-theoretic analysis of the strategic interaction between the hacker and the attacked firm/individual. We also include, in our extended model, Bayesian updating to capture the effect of intrusion detection system technology, as well as consider the social planner's perspective and the effect of different liability regimes. We conclude that neither total prohibition nor unrestrained permission of hackback is optimal. Instead, the model results suggest that hackback should be permitted when: (1) other alternatives, such as police enforcement and resort to courts, are either ineffective or ineffectual; (2) there is a serious prospect of hitting the hacker instead of innocent third parties; and (3) the damages to the attacked firm's (that is, the entity that is hacking back) systems that can be potentially mitigated outweigh the potential damages to third parties.
In Chapter 4, we study a model where cybercrimes are addressed through a combination of private and public measures, as well as study the public goods and externalities aspects of Internet security. We find that the socially-optimal level of security is achieved by equalizing the marginal-benefit-to-marginal-cost ratios of the different security measures. The interrelatedness of Internet risks causes firms to underinvest in private and public security goods. The government decidedly lowers the level of police expenditures to induce firms to invest in more precautions. Under certain conditions, cooperation results in socially-optimal levels of private and public security goods expenditures.


In the present study a new discrete‐element approach for the evaluation of the seismic resistance of composite reinforced concrete‐masonry structures is presented. In the proposed model, unreinforced masonry panels are modelled by means of two‐dimensional discrete‐elements, conceived by the authors for modelling masonry structures, whereas the reinforced concrete elements are modelled by lumped plasticity elements interacting with the masonry panels through nonlinear interface elements. The proposed procedure was adopted for the assessment of the seismic response of a case study confined‐masonry building which was conceived to be a typical representative of a wide class of residential buildings designed to the requirements of the 1909 issue of the Italian seismic code and widely adopted in the aftermath of the 1908 earthquake for the reconstruction of the cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria.


Femur hydatidosis: a rare cause of primary bone lesion Hydatidosis of bone is rare, accounting for only 0.5-4 % of cases in this topography. Is characterized by an insidious progression and a very large latency, therefore the disease being diagnosed at an advanced stage. This is the report of a case of the femur hydatidosis, in a 62year-old man farmer, with pathological fracture, caused by a traffic accident. Radiographic findings suggest malignancy. Laboratory studies and a partial punction of femur were made with results for hydatidosis.


The invention relates to an antimicrobial and mildewproof paint and a preparation method thereof. The antimicrobial and mildewproof paint is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 15-18 parts of water, 0.2-0.5 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.1-0.3 part of a water-based multifunctional additive, 0.5-1.0 part of a water-based dispersant, 0.1-0.2 part of a water-based wetting agent, 0.2-0.4 part of a water-based defoaming agent, 8-12 parts of titanium dioxide, 5-7 parts of kaolin, 8-10 parts of talc powder, 8-10 parts of calcium carbonate, 43-45 parts of a styrene acrylic emulsion, 1.5-3.0 parts of a coalescing agent, 0.8-1.0 part of an antifreezing agent, 0.1-0.2 part of a biocide mildewcide, and 0.3-0.8 part of a thickening agent. The antibiont of the antimicrobial and mildewproof paint prepared in the invention is not directly contacted by people and articles, and can achieve antimicrobial and mildewproof effects. And the antimicrobial and mildewproof paint has the advantages of high antimicrobial efficiency, good durability, high safety, and low drug resistance, etc.


The mid-IR detection rate of water lines in disks around Herbig stars disks is about 5\%, while it is around 50\% for disks around TTauri stars. The reason for this is still unclear. In this study, we want to find an explanation for the different detection rates between low mass and high mass pre-main-sequence stars (PMSs) in the mid-IR regime. We run disk models with stellar parameters adjusted to spectral types B9 through M2, using the radiation thermo-chemical disk modeling code ProDiMo. We produce convolved spectra at the resolution of Spitzer IRS, JWST MIRI and VLT VISIR spectrographs. We apply random noise derived from typical Spitzer spectra for a direct comparison with observations. The strength of the mid-IR water lines correlates directly with the luminosity of the central star. We explored a small parameter space around a standard disk model, considering dust-to-gas mass ratio, disk gas mass, mixing coefficient for dust settling, flaring index, dust maximum size and size power law distribution index. The models show that it is possible to suppress the water emission, however, current observations are not sensitive enough to detect mid-IR lines in disks for most of the explored parameters. The presence of noise in the spectra, combined with the high continuum flux (noise level is proportional to the continuum flux), is the most likely explanation for the non detections towards Herbig stars. Mid-IR spectra with resolution higher than 20000 are needed to investigate water in protoplanetary disks. Intrinsic differences in disk structure, e.g. inner gaps, gas-to-dust ratio, dust size and distribution, and inner disk scale height, between Herbig and TTauri star disks are able to explain a lower water detection rate in disks around Herbig stars.


Radiological assessment of the severity of canine nasal tumours and relationship with survival, Morris, J. S., Dunn, K. J., Dobson, J. M. & White, R. A. s. (1996) Journal ofSmall Animal Practice 37, 1 Ketoprofen as an antipyretic in cats, Glew, A., Aviad, A. D., Keister, D. M. & Meo, N. J. (1996) Canadian Veterinary Journal 37, 222


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the time-dependent behaviour of structured clays in triaxial stress space both theoretically and experimentally. A range of existing theoretical frameworks and phenomenological equations are reviewed and discussed in their ability to interpret the creep behaviour at different states in stress space. New experimental results are presented for two structured clays subjected to complex loading conditions. Each test consists of a defined stress path with intermediate stages of creep. Considerable creep deformations were observed at all anisotropic effective stress conditions. Measured viscous deformations were observed to be related to the stress state, approaching stress path and degree of structure present in the soil. The incremental strain ratio, , measured during constant stress was found to rotate counter-clockwise as a result of drained shearing towards failure for all tests. The experiments also show that for very small stress increments, phenomenological and empirical relations incorrectly predict the development of creep strains with time.


On the basis of the generation mechanism of polarization mode dispersion, This paper studied the dynamical equation and a geometrical model for polarization mode dispersion in single mode fiber.


Given how the terms "objective" and "subjective" are usually understood, we should looking to work in the realm of poverty with a purely objective definition. However, coming up with any such definition – rooted in lived reality, unaffected by personal biases or arbitrary judgment calls, unchanging across time and space, and commonly accepted as such – is, in fact, an impossible task. Objective and subjective elements are invariably commingled within every definition and measure.


Relevant questions of modernization of cutting equipment are examined in this work. In this work we propose a mechanism to fix the side knife three-knife cutting machines that allows to reduce the changeover time of the side blades on the new edition through the mechanization of some operations.


In modern industrial process control, most traditional fault detection and diagnosis methods have been researched and applied widely. Recently, a novel MSPC method known as DISSIM has been developed focusing on continuous processes and batch processes, the result is significant. Firstly, this paper describes a progressive multiple variables fault detection and diagnosis method based on dissimilarity analysis, which is applied to continuous processes. Meanwhile, for the diagnosis of multiple variables fault, a fault can be detected when the dissimilarity index D is out of the control limit, the contributions of process variables can be computed and compared, then we can determine the first fault variable. If several variables are out of order simultaneously in the system, after reconstructing the first faulty variable, we can repeat the procedure until it is normal. Secondly, a process fault recognition method with faulty historical data is validated. Finaly, the performance of the proposed method in multiple variables fault diagnosis and the process fault identification method are validated through a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process respectively.


To the Editor.— We read with interest the article by Trau et al in theArchives(1980;116;433-434) about a new case of multiple clear cell acanthoma. We have observed a similar case with unusual locations and regressive evolution. Report of a Case.— A man born in 1927 was initially seen in our dermatology department in February 1979 with multiple tumors of five years' duration. More than 50 lesions were noted, mainly on the legs, but a few were observed on the anterior part of the chest, one on the dorsum of the right wrist, and one about 2 cm in diameter in the perianal region. The tumors were either squamous or showed a smooth surface. The tumor in the perianal region and four others from the legs were removed. Microscopic examination showed the changes in all five lesions. The ultrastructural study mainly showed keratinocytes filled with glycogen, as previously described.


The Oseen equations for the two-dimensional flow of a Boussinesq fluid over a thin barrier placed in a channel of finite depth are solved in the double limit ν → 0, t → ∞ under the hypothesis that the velocity at the tip of the barrier is as weakly singular as possible. The predicted flow patterns and drag coefficients are in closer agreement with Davis's experimental observations than those of the Long model.


To illustrate the applicability of the analysis technique worked out for elementary analysis on a histo-chemical scale, some determinations of elements in tissues are described in this chapter. The preparations, which consisted of microtome sections of tissues embedded in paraffin, were mounted in preparation holders, as is shown schematically in fig. 24. These holders were adjusted in the path of the beam, as shown by fig. IS, with the micro-cuvette replaced by a preparation holder. The apparatus used was that for histo-chemical analysis in vacuum (see fig. 22), and a vacuum of 0.05 mm. Hg was maintained in the spectrograph.


The Micro-feed tool carrier drived by GMM has lots of merits such as large feed force, high displacement resolution, wide displacement range and connected with machine tool rapidly, it surmounts the shortcoming of the PZT driver such as PZT's excursion of the PZT's terrace structure and the intricate PZT's avoiding creepage structure for the PZT working in high voltage situation, when the magnetic field changed, nano-metric displacement output is realized by the Micro-feed tool carrier, for the function of Micro-displacement self-apperceiving of the Micro-feed tool carrier, it is easy to realize the Micro-displacement automatic compensating, the application foreground for the Micro-feed tool carrier drived by GMM used in the field of Super-precision manufacturing is extensive.


The amount of XML documents is increasing rapidly. In order to analyze the information represented in XML documents efficiently, researches on XML document clustering are actively in progress. The key issue is how to devise the similarity measure between XML documents to be used for clustering. Since XML documents have hierarchical structure, it is not appropriate to cluster them by using a general document similarity measure. Previous works on similarity measure for XML document clustering have no consideration for the semantic information as they consider only the structural information. In this paper, we propose the novel similarity measure that concurrently considers both structural and semantic information of XML document. Our experiments show that the proposed method improve accuracy on the clustering from the semantic point of view, compared to the previous works.


The focus of this article is on the research-related activities that primary school teachers conduct in their daily work. Furthermore, the school support for these activities is examined. The research-related activities were operationalized on basis of Van Strien's research cycle and characteristics of systematic reflection. Data has been collected with a survey (n = 220) and a comparative case study in two schools. The results show that teachers in their perceptions conduct many research-related activities, though strong differences were found between schools. The case study of the two schools shows an explicit and collectively conducted school policy with a focus on evidence-informed decision-making to be positive for teachers' research-related activities.


Abstract Objective To examine the availability of academic programmes in nutrition and identify nutrition training needs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Design A questionnaire with close-ended and open-ended questions was distributed to the members of the United Nations University Standing Committee on Nutrition, Regional Network for Capacity Development in Nutrition in CEE (NCDN CEE). Setting Participants' responses to the questionnaire including the comments of their colleagues from home institutions were obtained in group discussions during NCDN CEE meetings in 2010–2013. Subjects Sixteen CEE countries' experts and their colleagues from home institutions involved in NCDN CEE activities 2007–2013. Results The responses were obtained from fourteen out of sixteen participating countries; five countries have established Bachelor, Master and PhD studies in nutrition (Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovak Republic and Slovenia), whereas in Latvia and Republic of Macedonia only Bachelor and Master studies are set up. Seven countries have no Bachelor, Master or PhD studies: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia. Introduction to data analysis and Nutritional epidemiology are the most needed nutrition trainings that would increase working competence of nutritionists and nutrition-related professionals in CEE. Conclusions Availability of academic programmes in nutrition in CEE countries is limited. Opportunities for improving the competence of existing and future nutrition-related professionals should be addressed at national and regional level; distance learning courses and creation of a regional centre for nutrition training were seen as opportunities for sustainable capacity development in nutrition in CEE.


This paper reviews, through detailed consideration of airplane configuration, theoretically based techniques for minimization of sonic‐boom pressure‐field energy and overpressure. The discussion includes consideration of the recently discovered potential for overpressure minimization for large slender airplanes with extended nearfield characteristics. Use of the latter method is illustrated with correlations of theory and wind‐tunnel measurements.


Compounds destroying the endocrine system are a dangerous class of pollutants that are found in aquatic environments such as surface, groundwater and sewage and landfills. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine disruptor that is acutely toxic to living organisms. BPA is still used in the manufacture of sunscreen lotions, nail polishes, body cleansers, shaving creams and lotions, in addition to its long-known other industrial applications. The paper presents the results of studies on the photolysis of BPA from water using ultraviolet radiation and an oxidizing agent.


This study aimed to assess the kinematics and kinetics during the landing phase of 3 kinds of last step lengths in a stop-jump task to provide further perspectives on lower extremity injuries. Twelve adult males were recruited for the study. A MegaSpeed high-speed camera synchronized with an AMTI force plate was used to record the stop-jump action. Kinetic parameters were calculated using an inverse dynamic method. The results showed that the kinematical characteristics of landing were similar among the different last step lengths during the approach run. The peak vertical ground reaction force and vertical loading rate during landing significantly increased as the step length increased. The peak knee extension moment and proximal tibia anterior shear force did not differ among the 3 stop-jump tasks. These results suggest that during the stop jump task, longer last step lengths during the approach run may increase lower extremity injury.


The article is discovered psychological and pedagogical content of concept "social — communicative activity ". This work contains theoretical and experimental research of this phenomenon.


Justice Breyer begins his reasoning in the majority opinion of Brown v. Pro Football I with the refreshing concession, "We do not see any obvious answer to this problem."2 With that, he does not exactly punt, but he does set off on a line of reasoning that, at times, seems make-weight and, at other times, simply illustrates the difficulty of the issue he has been asked to tackle." In Brown, after the expiration of a collective-bargaining agreement, a multi-


Constrictive pericarditis can be associated with ICD patch electrodes. During a mean follow‐up of 24 months, in a population of 35 patients who received ICDs with a patch electrodes configuration, we identified three patients with clinical and hemodynamic signs compatible with this event. Patient 1, a 35‐year‐old male, underwent implantation of an ICD because of a primary electrical disease complicated by cardiac arrest. Fourteen months later he complained ofexertional dyspnea without any signs of heart failure. Right heart catheter‐ ization showed high filling pressures and diastolic dip and plateau in pressure curves. Thoracotomy and pericardia! exploration were performed. Three months after removal of the patches and insertion of an endocardial lead system, the patient had normal respiration. Patients 2 and 3, who suffered from coronary heart disease without heart failure, exhibited a hemodynamic profile suggestive of constrictive pericarditis: in one patient, 10 months after ICD implantation, associated with right heart failure; and in the other, 18 months after ICD implantation with left heart failure. Patch electrodes were removed in these two patients and replaced by endocardial lead electrodes with subsequent clinical improvement. It is concluded that constrictive pericarditis related to epicardial patch is not an uncommon occurrence during ICD therapy and should be considered in patients who show clinical signs of cardiac decompensation.


We present a technique for identifying repetitive information transfers and use it to analyze the redundancy of network traffic. Our insight is that dynamic content, streaming media and other traffic that is not caught by today's Web caches is nonetheless likely to derive from similar information. We have therefore adapted similarity detection techniques to the problem of designing a system to eliminate redundant transfers. We identify repeated byte ranges between packets to avoid retransmitting the redundant data.
We find a high level of redundancy and are able to detect repetition that Web proxy caches are not. In our traces, after Web proxy caching has been applied, an additional 39% of the original volume of Web traffic is found to be redundant. Moreover, because our technique makes no assumptions about HTTP protocol syntax or caching semantics, it provides immediate benefits for other types of content, such as streaming media, FTP traffic, news and mail.


Performance needs to be measured in order to manage the business goals. Performance measurement (PM) has caught the imagination of almost all industries in the last decade. A number of PM framework ...


a Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan b College of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia c Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan d King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia e Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia


The changes of molecular species in membrane lipids under UV-B irradiation in WS and PLDδ-knockout plants were profiled with ESI-MS/MS based lipidomics. The content of membrane lipids, double bond index (DBI) and carbon number of the fatty acid were examined in both of them. The results showed that UV-B irradiation induced the degradation of membrane lipids, in which chloroplast membrane lipids such as MGDG and DGDG were the main targets of membrane injury. In addition, the degradation of membrane lipid in PLDδ-def was more severe than that in WS plants. The results suggested that suppression of PLDδ enhanced membrane damage induced by UV-B irradiation.


FeSiCr soft magnetic composites (SMCs) were fabricated by the sol-gel method, and an Al2O3/resin composite layer was employed as the insulation coating. By the decomposition of boehmite (AlOOH) gel into Al2O3 in the temperature range of 606–707 °C, a uniform Al2O3 layer could be formed on the FeSiCr powder surface. The Al2O3 insulation coating not only effectively reduced the core loss, increased the resistivity, and improved the quality factor, but it also increased the thermal conductivity of SMCs. The best overall properties with saturation magnetization Ms = 188 emu/g, effective permeability μe = 39, resistivity ρ = 8.28 × 105 Ω·cm, quality factor Q = 94 at 1 MHz, and core loss = 1173 mW/cm3 at 200 kHz and 50 mT were obtained when the SMC was prepared with powders coated by 0.5 wt.% Al2O3 and resin. The optimized SMC exhibited the lowest core loss with 27% reduction compared to the resin only-insulated sample and 71% reduction compared to the sample without insulation treatment. Importantly, the thermal conductivity of the SMCs is 5.3 W/m·K at room temperature, which is higher than that of the samples prepared by phosphating and SiO2 coating owing to the presence of a high thermal conductive Al2O3 layer. The high thermal conductivity is beneficial to enhancing the high temperature performance, lifetime, and reliability of SMCs. This work is expected to be a valuable reference for the design and fabrication of SMCs to be applied in high-temperature and high-frequency environments.


. With regard to the current socio-economic situation, the traditional means of road traffic management can no longer adapt to the current speed of global information development. Intelligent traffic management, which responds to the practical needs of the history of intelligent traffic management, is an imperative reform initiative. The aim of this paper is to study the design of a visual traffic management system for smart cities based on digital twin technology. The framework of the system based on digital twin technology is constructed, and the system functions mainly include information login system, rapid traffic modelling module, traffic prediction management module, traffic control management module, and case application analysis of the system. Starting from the problems of traffic state prediction and traffic congestion control, and combining with the actual traffic history data of some areas of L station in M city, the results show the applicability and feasibility of the digital twin technology in traffic congestion prediction and control in this paper.


A qualitative description of the myology of three blue shark (Prionace glauca) caudal fins is presented, forming the basis for a quantitative analysis of the tendon structure. The primary musculature consists of dorsal epaxial and ventral hypaxial portions. The average crimp angle of collagen fibres in the epaxial tendons (14.1-26.8o) is significantly greater (P<0.01) than that in the hypaxial tendons (1.8-14.5o). Similarly, epaxial tendons exhibit a significantly lower fibrocyte nuclear density (0.02- 0.03 nuclei µm-2) than do the corresponding hypaxial tendons (0.05-0.08 nuclei µm-2) (P < 0.01). The greater crimp angle and lower fibrocyte nuclear density in epaxial tendons indicate increased tensile strength, consistent with the comparatively greater muscular force required to move the upper caudal lobe.


By adjusting the ellipticity of counter-rotating polarized few-cycle pulses for non-collinear high order harmonic generation, we obtain full control of polarization states of isolated attosecond pulses for the first time.


Sir, We observed a shift in the anthropometrics of our infants, which caused some concern. Over the last 3.5 y, a cross-sectional analysis has been carried out in the local population aged 0–16 mo, attending wellbaby clinics during vaccination campaigns (n=761; F/ M: 398/363). Age cohorts were analysed in 4 tertiles: 0–4 mo (n=362; F/M: 196/166), 4–8 mo (n=206; 100/106), 8–12 mo (n=115; 59/56) and 12–16 mo (n=78; 43/35). Infants born prematurely, with a low birthweight for gestational age and children with apparent disease were omitted from the analysis. Height, weight, head and mid-upper arm circumferences, and subscapular and tricep skinfold thickness were registered in a database. Results of actual weight, length and body mass index (BMI) were expressed as Z-scores of the values of Haschke and van 't Hof's European Growth Reference (E-GR) study [1]. We compared the skinfold thickness with the Cambridge Infant Growth Data as reported in Paul et al. [2]. Nutritional habits were investigated. As shown in Figure 1, a significant decrease of relative weight was observed after the first age tertile. Initially, our population had a higher weight and length than the E-GR [1]. During the following year weight decreased and was followed by a decreasing height. Compared to the first age tertile, a significant decrease in BMI was observed during the next 12 mo. Significances of differences are expressed as p-values (correction for ties) and are shown in Table I below. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparison of the age cohorts. Compared with the EG-R standard, the decrease of the arm circumference with age was not significant ( p=0.065). Due to differences in feeding habits over time, median skinfold thickness differs between the different reference data [2]. However, comparing our results to the (very low) Cambridge Infant Growth Data, the triceps skinfold was initially higher but also decreased after the second age tertile ( p40.01). In order to get an idea of the impact of feeding habits on infant body composition, we analysed the evolution of anthropometrics in our infant population. Sixty-six per cent of the mothers started breastfeeding (BF), but the half-life of BF was still 1.5 mo [3]. So, exclusive breastfeeding can not be the cause of the anthropometric shift in our population as described by Heidiger [4]. During recent decades, infant food patterns have undergone important changes. From 4 mo on, many infants were bottlefed only twice a day. The consumption of fruit juices and infant teas has become an alarming trend. Although we do not have exact data, meals are often not supplemented with fat. These relatively low fat regimens are given at a time when fat is an essential structural nutritional element [5]. This could have profound effects on infant body composition and infant development. Figure 1. Weight, length and body mass index Z-score evolution in the different age cohorts, with the significances expressed as p-values calculated by the Mann-Whitney U-test.


Objective To investigate the construction of three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of ossi-cular chain by using Micro-CT scanning.Methods A normal temporal bone specimen of adult was scanned with Micro-CT for section images, which were managed with MicroView and Mimics software to form a geometric model. The model was imported to Remesh module for optimization and then the 3D finite element model of ossicular chain was constructed by Abaqus/Ansys.Results A 3D finite element solid mesh model of ossicular chain including malleus incus and stapes was established successfully. After 3D meshing in Mimics, the model had 2 050 points and 1 350 tetrahedral elements.Conclusions Finite element model built by using Micro-CT and Mimics showed more precise character of ossicular chain and also provided a reasonably effective model for biomechanical analysis of ossicular chain.


Bauman, Mytischi, e-mail: email@example.com The presented work shows the results of a joint research of the Federal Research Center for the Integrated Study of the Arctic named after N.P. Laverov RAS, and Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman and LLC «Raznoservis» (Moscow), which was carried out in 2017 on permanent test plots laid in lingonberry -Pine forest during 2014-2015 in Ustyansky district of Arkhangelsk region on the territory of Velsko-Ustyansky tectonic node and beyond. The aim of the research was to study the effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) on the yield of wild- growing lingonberries ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). The objects of research were lingonberry shrubs in experimental and control sites in the phenophase of abundant flowering. The processing of EMF test sites was carried out with «Rost- Aktiv» low-frequency generator using «POSEP» technology (presowing treatment of seeds with electromagnetic field). The results of the study indicate a positive effect of low-frequency EMF on yields of lingonberries, and in different versions of the experiment, which differs in position of the trial plots in relation to the boundaries of the tectonic node. It was also noted that in addition to increasing yield, low-frequency electromagnetic treatment also affects the quality characteristics of lingonberry fruits, so in the experimental samples there was a significant increase in content of ascorbic acid up to 200 % in relation to the control. Also, in fruits of lingonberry, depending on position of the experimental registration sites in relation to the center of the tectonic node, a decrease in content of ash elements was registered. A significant drop in moisture content and an increase in ash content in fruits of lingonberry growing on the territory of the given tectonic node were revealed. It has been reliably established that treatment with low-frequency electromagnetic fields can change biochemical characteristics of lingonberry fruits in the direction of improving their consumer properties. In this regard, we hope that our study will have theoretical and


This paper focuses on the patterns in a quasi 1-D coplanar dielectric-barrier discharge system. Various characteristics, such as splitting, merging, and broadening of the filaments are observed by changing the applied voltage. The effect of the surface charge is considered important for the formation of the patterns.


In 1999, the concept of a soft set was introduced by D. Molodtsov [1]. Soft topological Space is considered as Mathematical tools for dealing with uncertainties, and a fuzzy topological space is a special case of the soft topological space. Xiao et al. [17] and Pei and Miao [18] discussed the relationship between soft sets and information systems. They showed that soft sets are a class of special information systems. So it is important to study the structures of soft sets for information systems. Shabir and Naz [2], studied the topological structures of soft sets. The aim of this paper is to study soft topological spaces. I introduce some new notions in soft space such as soft nearly compact spaces, soft nearly paracompact spaces, soft -nearly paracompact spaces and soft almost continuous mappings. We also investigate some basic properties of these concepts and obtain several interesting results and characterizations of soft nearly compact and nearly paracompact spaces.


A two-year EPSRC/Link funded project was undertaken to study the lighting and colour/contrast provisions in multi-modal transport interchanges in the UK. The Research Group for Inc lusive Environments (RGIE), which is based at the University of Reading, and the Colour Design Centre based at South Bank University in London carried out the study. The project examined issues concerning future multi-modal public transport environments for visually impaired people (VIP) and elderly users. Results from this project, have advanced the understanding of the factors that affect the success or failure of transport environments for visually impaired travellers. Aging brings a diminishing of functional vision; there will be an increase in the proportion of older people in the population within the next few years making this work timely. It was found that visual field and colour and contrast sensitivity are more important than visual acuity for mobility. Even low functional vision can be enabled through inclusive design, even if it is only by enhancing the opportunity of light perception. Design for the visually impaired community is important; with only 6% of registered visually impaired people being totally without sight it has been shown that colour, contrast and lighting can empower and make visible an otherwise incomprehensible environment. Over 24 months the recording of subjective impressions on transport sites, observations of navigation behaviour and the conducting of performance measurement tasks led to a unique bank of information. Working with 40 volunteers, both visually impaired and a sighted control group provided a snapshot of how VIPs interact with large transport sites. The questionnaires returned from 362 respondents, gave the teams insight into how VIPs prepare for travel, appraise and experience travel and even more about how they actually 'feel' when travelling. The 'Real World' Tests at Paddington Station, Gatwick Airport, Hammersmith Bus Station and Birmingham Bus Station with VIPs led to a wide range of results and recommendations, which in turn is informing the final guidance document. The challenge for the design community, with the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA) in operation, is to address designing for inclusive environments with knowledge acquired from 'Real World' tests with the target users. Colour and design has been shown to be an important tool for empowering VIPs in their navigation and wayfinding modes.


Abstract The courtyard is a space that existed before, during, and now after the Soviet period in Russian urban history. Noting the change in the courtyard's formerly hegemonic position on daily trajectories illustrates both Harvey's and Lefebvre's suggestions for uncovering the way that spaces articulate social values. A particularly revealing case study occurs in the struggle over including courtyards in a Chinese developer's project for a new multi-use district outside St. Petersburg. A brief history of the courtyard in Soviet planning allows subsequent analysis of the ways in which the city administration, the Chinese design team, and Russian planners deployed the courtyard as a spatial code for social meaning in design discussions. Examining the change in function and conceptualization of the courtyard shows how different groups in post-Soviet Russia seek to retain or redeploy concepts of the "collective" as they attempt to remake St. Petersburg as a successful "world" city.


Eurycoma longifolia Jack is a tall slender shrub-tree which is well-reputed among the natives of South East Asia for its potent aphrodisiac effect. Its root extracts have shown important biological activities such as antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, Osteoprotective, and ergogenic which are mainly attributed to quassinoids. Commercially it is available in the form of drinks (along with other herbs), capsules, or loose powders. Based on available online databases it was realized that in spite of numerous reports on medicinal properties of E. longifolia, a review of recent developments regarding phytopharmacology, safety and toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications was lacking. Therefore, this concise yet informative piece of work was prepared by pulling together trustworthy information from all the accessible published and unpublished scientific resources to serve as a reliable source of reference for future investigations.


A great number of investigations has been devoted to study of fluid inclusions in mantle rocks and minerals. Most of them aimed to investigate the petrologic characteristics, such as P-T conditions of the inclusions formation and their chemical composition. The isotopic characteristics of the gases from the inclusions are studied in much less degree. However it is the isotopic research that could provide detailed information about fluid sources and fluid-rock interaction processes, the important factors of formation and alteration of geological objects. In continuation of the work on the investigation of isotopic characteristics of the mantle rocks fluid phase using stepwise crushing initiated by us [Buikin et al., 2009], we studied carbon, argon and nitrogen isotope variations and their elemental ratios in fluid inclusions from chilled basalt glasses, sampled during 31 cruise of the scientific research ship "Professor Logachev" in the MAR rift valley at 20–2230' North, representing typical N-MORB (K2O/TiO2 = 0.08–0.10). The sample preparation technique including gas extraction and separation can be found in [Buikin et al., 2010]. Isotope compositions of carbon and oxygen from CO2 were analyzed on Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus mass-spectrometer (GEOKHI RAS) using «microvolume» system with cold finger, which allows to make reliable measurements of small gas amounts (0.01–0.02 cc). Argon and nitrogen isotope compositions were analyzed on a high-sensitivity complex Finesse consisting of three mass-spectrometers at the Open University (Milton Keynes, UK). Concentrations of helium and carbon (in the form of CO2) in the studied samples have been obtained on the same machine. It should be noted that the analyses of He, C, N and Ar have been performed simultaneously from the same sample. The obtained data are shown in figures 1–9 and table 1.


Background: Supported Employment has been advocated for by successive governments and policymakers alike as the best approach to employment inclusion for people with an intellectual disability who are in receipt of social care. Yet only 5.2% of this demographic are in
 any form of work and these numbers have been persistently stagnant for many years.Aims: This study aimed to explore the employment landscape and grapple with the intersecting layers of policy consequence for people who have an intellectual disability, and are in receipt of social
 care, who wish to engage with work preparation employment support.Methods: As an active participant in the field, this study was ethnographic and conducted at a new job club that had been established in England. In addition, three further sites of complementary data were explored
 in Wales, through interviews and focus groups.Findings: This study demonstrates that there is a mismatch between how evidence informs policy, and how funding is allocated to support with work preparation. Those unable to secure Supported Employment services are, instead, navigating
 extreme employment disadvantage and scant opportunities, in the open labour market. Further, bound up in this analysis is evidence of a non-universal understanding of waged work where any form of financial remuneration is welcome.Discussion and conclusion: Overall, with a
 mismatch between evidence that informs policy, policy rhetoric, realistic employment prospects, and available work, without a fundamental employment policy shift, the very low employment rates within this demographic will not increase.


Abstract : The technique of selected area electron channeling has been quantified and used to map the shape and quantitative strain distribution within the plastic zones attending fatigue crack tips in 304 stainless steel, 6061-T6 aluminum, and Fe-3Si steel. Simultaneously, crack tip operning displacement, the mechanisms of yielding and decohesion, and maximum shear strains have been measured using high magnification SEM of replicas. Overload plastic zones and their relation to fatigue crack retardation have been characterized. Observed values of all of these parameters have been compared with predictions of various analytical models.


This study investigated the results from the national, routine 18‐month developmental surveillance at Child Healthcare Centres (CHCs) on children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).


Optimal and sustainable management of fish resources cannot be ensured without a thorough understanding of the migration patterns and population (demographic stock) structure. Recent studies suggest that these aspects of the economically and ecologically important deepwater hake Merluccius paradoxus are not reflected in the current assessment and management practices for the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. In this study, we compiled data from multiple demersal trawl surveys from the entire distribution area and applied state-of-the-art geostatistical population modelling (GeoPop) to estimate growth rate, mortality, and spatial and temporal distribution patterns of M. paradoxus. The data and the model enabled us to follow temporal and spatial changes in the distribution and infer movements from the recruitment/nursery areas, through the juvenile phase and the adults' migration to the spawning areas outside/upstream of the nursery areas. The results indicated one primary recruitment/nursery area on the west coast of South Africa and a secondary less-productive recruitment/nursery area on the south coast near Port Elizabeth. Juveniles initially migrated away from the main recruitment area, followed by natal homing by larger individuals. This pattern was highly consistent through the time-series of the study. This perception of a, primarily, panmictic population that performs transboundary migrations between Namibia and South Africa corresponds largely to the hypothesis and data plots given in recent studies. We recommend that fisheries assessment, advice and management take into consideration these aspects of the distribution and population (stock) structure of M. paradoxus.


[1] The relationship of sediment flux to surface slope is a predominant control on the evolution of transport-limited hillslopes. Although both linear and nonlinear sediment flux models have been proposed and widely debated, this functional relationship remains one of the outstanding questions in geomorphology. We examine degradation of fluvial terrace risers in New Zealand and Idaho in order to test the linear diffusion model and to better understand the relationship between sediment flux and slope. We implement three techniques based on the linear diffusion model, as well as a geometric scaling method that uses proportional relationships in riser geometry rather than a specific transport equation model, to assess rates of degradation. We show that techniques that utilize the riser midpoint slope as the primary metric of degradation, as opposed to the full scarp profile, offer the simplest and most reliable assessment of riser degradation. Our findings suggest that the linear diffusion model does not accurately describe terrace riser degradation, except for low-angle risers for which linear and nonlinear forms are indistinguishable. Results from the geometric scaling method show that degradation rates in both regions differ by a factor of two between equator- and pole-facing risers and that diffusion ages of Idaho risers are approximately 2 times those of New Zealand risers. Similar geometric trends in riser evolution from both regions reveal that terrace riser degradation is governed by a widely applicable relationship between sediment flux and slope.


Cardiovascular risk seems to be elevated with using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, according to both observational studies and randomized trials. Neither the dosage of celecoxib nor the patient's cardiovascular health before to therapy could be adequately evaluated in previous placebo-controlled randomized trials. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events associated with three different doses of celecoxib and to determine whether or not there was a correlation between preexisting cardiovascular risk and the drug's influence on cardiovascular events. Primary end goal was a composite of cardiovascular-related deaths, MIs, strokes, heart failure, and thromboembolic complications. The hazard ratio for the combined dosages studied was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3) after 16 070 patient-years of follow-up. We found indications of dose-and risk-based cardiovascular differences in response to celecoxib.


Simultaneous measurements of the plasma concentrations of renin, renin-substrate, angiotensin II and aldosterone were made in seven patients with the nephritic syndrome and in five normal subjects studied under the same controlled conditions. Plasma renin-substrate concentration was found to be reduced in some patients. Although plasma renin concentration was frequently elevated, plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations were generally within the normal range.


H epatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the only major cancer in which diagnosis and subsequent indication for treatment is not regularly established by histology. Current AASLD and EASL guidelines do not require biopsy for tumors that develop in cirrhotic livers and in chronic hepatitis B, if the imaging results show changes interpreted as HCC. This leads to an estimated 60-70% of nonresectable liver tumors being treated as HCC without tissue confirmation. Originally seen as an achievement, this approach neglects basic oncological principles and has had unforeseen negative consequences for diagnosis and treatment. At a time when oncology is moving towards personalized medicine, the lack of tissue in a large proportion of cases has significantly limited this approach for HCC. The foundation of personalized medicine is an integrative molecularmorphological subtyping of tumors using predictive molecular testing and targeted therapies. Other tumor entities, such as non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal carcinoma, have all witnessed improved integrative diagnostics, a flourishing trial scenario, novel predictive tests, innovative therapies, and an active bench-bedside-bench research scenario. Not so for HCC. What are the reasons? While there are many, we believe reduced numbers of tumor biopsies has been critical. Correct classification and subtyping of tumors is the foundation for rational therapy and the current WHO classification is based on integrated molecular and morphological data. This smart move has improved overall tumor definition and other organ systems have benefited enormously from this concept by the establishment of defined subtypes that require different approaches in diagnostics, treatment, and trial design. However, the effect for HCC has been limited to date, not because HCC is fundamentally different from other solid tumors, but due to a lack of interdisciplinary coevolution of diagnostics, culminating in a greatly reduced number of diagnostic liver biopsies. HCC is best considered not as a homogenous entity but as a closely related group of morphologically and molecularly distinct cancer subtypes. As one example, fibrolamellar carcinoma is already a well-accepted morphological and molecular subtype of HCC; furthermore, approximately 4-5% of liver cancers show both clear cut hepatocellular and cholangiocellular differentiation and are classified as combined HCC/CC. In both cases, subtyping is clinically relevant and only established by histology. The importance of tumor subtyping will certainly increase in the future: even within the category of more typical HCCs, relevant morphological/molecular subtypes can be discerned. The new chromophobe subtype shows a distinct morphology as well as a specific molecular mechanism to overcome replicative senescence (alternative lengthening of telomeres), in contrast to telomerase activation seen in most HCCs. The molecular mechanisms behind other subtypes, such as steatohepatitic, scirrhotic, and inflammatory HCCs, await clarification, but these subtypes are likely to be relevant to trial design and clinical care. Although the frequency of each individual subtype may not exceed 5%, an estimated 20-30% of HCCs belong to a recognizable morphological/molecular subtype. For the remaining HCCs, molecular subtypes likely exist. Biopsy tissue analyses are key for subclassifying these tumors and future clinical trials should address the potential prognostic and predictive impact and specific biological differences. Tumor heterogeneity will not be fully reflected in all liver biopsies, but many HCCs can be subclassified appropriately. Alternatives for subclassifying tumors, for example by imaging studies or serum markers, should be vigorously pursued, but are most likely to develop based on tissue and molecular subclassification. Clinical issues also need to be considered more carefully. Real world performance of imaging diagnostics for HCC does not always live up to the data which formed the basis for the exiting guidelines, data that was typically generated in carefully controlled and supervised multicenter trials. In Editor's Note


There are many technical challenges to be overcome before controlled fusion reactions can be achieved. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is being developed to initiate fusion reactions using the world's most powerful laser. Essential components of the Facility are the ultra pure silica (SiO2) lenses that focus the powerful laser beams on to the target. Irradiation with a high power laser has been observed to damage the silica lenses, resulting in the formation of defects. The ensuing degradation of the lens performance necessitates its replacement. It is therefore critical to characterize the induced defects and understand the laser damage initiation and evolution, so that damage mitigation strategies can be developed. Cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy enables high spatial resolution and high sensitivity detection of defects in poorly conducting materials. It is therefore an ideal microanalytical technique with which to study laser irradiation-induced defects.


Introduction. Artificial neural networks are a popular tool of contemporary research and technology, including food science, where they can be used to model various technological processes. The present research objective was to develop an artificial neural network capable of predicting the content of isogumulone in a hop extract at given technological parameters of the rotary pulse generator.
Study objects and methods. The mathematical modeling was based on experimental data. The isogumulone content in the hop extract I (mg/dm3) served as an output parameter. The input variables included: processing temperature t (°C), rotor speed n (rpm), processing time  (min), and the gap between the rotor teeth and stator s (mm).
Results and discussion. The resulting model had the following parameters: two hidden layers, 30 neurons each; neuron activation function – GELU; loss function – MSELoss; learning step – 0.001; optimizer – Adam; L2 regularization at 0.00001; training set of four batches, 16 records each; 9,801 epochs. The accuracy of the artificial neural network (1.67%) was defined as the mean relative error. The error of the regression model was also low (2.85%). The neural network proved to be more accurate than the regression model and had a better ability to predict the value of the output variable. The accuracy of the artificial neural network was higher because it used test data not included in the training. The regression model when tested on test data showed much worse results.
Conclusion. Artificial neural networks proved extremely useful as a means of technological modeling and require further research and application.


Di-methacrylated PLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymers of polylactide and polyethylene glycol were synthesized in one-step process by bulk cationic polymerization of lactide in the presence of PEG with different average molecular weights, using Maghnite-H+, an acidic montmorillonite clay, as a solid non-toxic catalyst. The obtained di-methacrylated copolymer was analyzed by 1H NMR and DSC. The effect of Maghnite-H+ proportions and PEG average molecular weight on the copolymerization and methacrylation yields and on average molecular weight of the resulting copolymers was studied.


In this paper, an analysis for a single-phase active power filter (APF) based on one cycle control (OCC) is presented. The control method eliminates the need of sensing the load current, a nontrivial task of calculating the harmonics and reactive current components, as well as the use of multipliers, as reported by many previous reported control methods. In addition, the phenomenon of DC offset is discussed. In order to improve the problem, a modified control strategy is proposed. In contrast to previously proposed control strategy used for APF based on OCC, the new one can effectively suppress the DC offset and the cross distortion. Therefore, the key problems of APF based on OCC are solved. The theoretical analysis is verified by simulation.


Standard finite element methods employ an element‐wise assembly strategy. The element's contribution to the system matrix is formed by a loop over quadrature points. This concept is also used in fictitious domain methods, which perform simulations on a simple tensor‐product background mesh cut by a boundary representation that defines the domain of interest.


The utility model discloses a robot neck device which comprises a lower neck machine frame (1) which is connected with a shoulder portion (11), and an upper neck machine frame (8) which is connected with a head portion (9). A head rotation motor (7) is arranged on the upper neck machine frame (8), a shaft of the head rotation motor (7) is connected with the head portion (9), the rear portion of the upper neck machine frame (8) is connected with an upper plate of the lower neck machine frame (1) through a universal joint (10), and the left side of the front portion of the upper neck machine frame (8) and the right side of the front portion of the upper neck machine frame (8) are connected with a rotating shaft of a stepping motor (2) on the left side of the lower neck machine frame (1) and a rotating shaft of a stepping motor (2) on the right side of the lower neck machine frame (1) respectively through ball joint connecting rod mechanisms. The robot neck device is small in size, compact in structure, good in similarity to people, good in stability and flexibility of movement, easy to manufacture and long in service life.


Hydraulic fracturing is one way to increase the productivity of oil and gas wells. One of the most fundamental successes of hydraulic fracturing operation is selecting the proper size and type of proppants which are used during the process. The aim of this study is optimizing the type and size of used propant in hydraulic fracturing operation in a sand oil reservoir in southwest of Iran. In this study sand and ceramic (sintered bauxite) have been considered as proppant type. Also the various types of resin-coated sand and resin-coated ceramic have been considered. Then the various scenarios have been designed to optimize the size and type of proppant used in hydraulic fracturing in a sand oil reservoir in southwest of Iran. Also in this study increasing the cumulative oil recovery in fractured and Non-fractured wells in a sand oil reservoir in southwest of Iran have been investigated. KeywordsHydraulic fracturing, Proppant, Sand, Ceramic, Resin


Summary form only given. This paper is concerned with such emerging technologies as groupware and intranets. It draws on the study of small businesses in the UK and Holland to examine developments in 'virtual' forms of working. The paper highlights the particular issues faced by small businesses during such innovation and discusses how these can be better managed. It is argued that given the growing importance of small business, not least to job creation, and the fact that little work-especially in the virtual working field-has been devoted to smaller organisations, there is need to focus on the problems and issues faced by the managers in smaller businesses in approaching virtual innovation possibilities. But this involves not only looking at how such businesses can embrace virtual ways of working. Given that, so far as innovation generally is concerned, such businesses may well face problems specific to firms of that size, we also need to respect the context in which we consider virtual work developments. The paper concludes that, in the abstract world of concept building, the possibilities offered by virtual innovations seem enormous.


This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and export performance of export companies in Sanandaj. Instruments of the study were Bonti's (2000) questionnaire for the measurement of intellectual capital and Navara et al (2002) research for the measurement of the performance. Population of the study was companies established in industrial complex of Sanandaj. 116 people were selected as the sample of the study based on Cochran formula and simple random sampling. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the instruments. Results showed that reliability of the instruments was very acceptable. Different methods, including inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. According to the hypotheses of the study, the data was analyzed by SPSS18 and Lisrel through appropriate statistical tests. Results indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between intellectual capital and its dimensions and the exports performance.


Fluorescent x-ray computed tomography (FXCT) can detect and image a trace of non-radioactive imaging agent, e.g., iodine, in a biomedical subject at a high spatial resolution, so it can be a novel molecular imaging modality. Presently, we are developing an FXCT system using synchrotron radiation as an x-ray source for in-vivo imaging brains of small animals such as mouse, rat, and so on. We must overcome the following two difficulties damaging an image-quality: One difficulty is that the number of projections is remarkably restricted due to the long data-acquisition time. In order to reduce the measurement time, we propose to eliminate unnecessary beam scans by adaptively and efficiently controlling the scan according to the subject size. The other difficulty is that the measured data are contaminated by inevitable physical factors. Here, we propose data-processing methods to estimate reliable projections from raw data. The efficacies of the proposed methods are demonstrated using physical-phantom images and an in-vivo image of mouse brain, which were reconstructed from experimental data acquired in KEK, Japan.


Summary form only given. Spatiotemporal evolution of electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and plasma parameters such as electron density, electron temperature, and plasma and floating potentials has been investigated using spatially and temporally resolved single Langmuir probe measurements in DC and mid-frequency, short-pulse magnetron discharges with a repetition frequency of 10 kHz and duty cycle of 10%. With the pulsed discharge of short duty cycle, we could obtain a peak electron temperature more than 10 eV during the early phase of the pulse-on near the cathode fall region, which is about 3 times higher than the steady state value of electron temperature in DC discharge. The temporal evolution of the measured EEDFs shows the initial efficient electron heating during the early phase of the pulse-on and the subsequent relaxation of electron energy by inelastic collisions and diffusive loss. High-energy electrons generated during the pulse-on phase diffuse the downstream region toward the grounded substrate, resulting in a bi-Maxwellian EEDF composed of background low-energy electrons and high-energy electrons. The results of spatially and temporally resolved probe measurements are presented and the enhanced efficiency of electron heating in the short-pulse discharge is explained on the basis of the global model of pulsed discharge


1. Introduction - Laura A. Henry and Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom The History of Civil Society in Russia 2. Civil Society in Late Imperial Russia - Mary Schaeffer Conroy 3. Civil Society in the Soviet Union? - Alfred B. Evans, Jr The Context of Civil Society Development 4. Media, Civil Society, and the Failure of the Fourth Estate in Russia - Sarah Oates 5. Business and Civil Society in Russia - Peter Rutland 6. Organized Crime Groups: "Uncivil Society" - Louise Shelley 7. The Church and Civil Society in Russia - Edwin Bacon 8. Civil Society in Rural Russia - Stephen K. Wegren 9. Vladimir Putin's Design for Civil Society - Alfred Evans Civil Society in Contemporary Russia: Case Studies 10. Women's Organizations: Institutionalized Interest Groups or Vulnerable Dissidents? - Valerie Sperling 11. Soldiers' Rights Groups in Russia: Civil Society Through Russian and Western Eyes - Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom 12. Russian Trade Unions: Where Are They in the Former Workers' State? - Sue Davis 13. Russian Environmentalists and Civil Society - Laura A. Henry 14. Disability Organizations in the Regions - Kate Thomson 15. Formal and Informal Strategies of Migrant Populations - Moya Flynn 16. Public/Private Permutations: Domestic Violence Crisis Centers in Barnaul - Janet Elise Johnson 17. Is Civil Society Stronger in Small Towns? - Anne White Concluding Thoughts 18. Russian Civil Society: Tensions and Trajectories - Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom and Laura A. Henry Appendix: Defining Civil Society.


The climate characteristics of the ecological environment of pod pepper field production in Yiyang county of Henan province were studied,four meteorological factors(air temperature,precipitation,sunlight and relative humidity) which had great impact on pod pepper production in Yiyang county in recent 50 years were selected,and their changeable characters and the suitable climate conditions for pod pepper growth were analyzed.It was concluded that the warming climate and more sunlight benefited to the growth of pod pepper,but less precipitation could affect the production of pod pepper.Based on the above results,this paper put forward the following countermeasures: seedling-rearing in warm greenhouse,earlier sowing,good field management,and artificial precipitation and sluice.


Critics of National Council for the Social Studies have recently labeled curricular materials found in its publications "mushy multicultural nonsense." They say the lesson plans only preach tolerance and understanding instead of the facts students need to learn about the past or present They say that multicultural social studies is unpatriotic, claiming it promotes globalism over nationalism. They also maintain that the sole purpose of multicultural pedagogical approaches is to make students feel good about themselves. This is absolutely not true. The purpose of this column is to describe the aims of multicultural education, to suggest that it does promote thoughtful patriotism, and to illustrate multiculturalism in powerful social studies instruction. Because multiculturalism rests on the assumption that the United States is a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world, we conclude by noting the connections of multicultural education with global education. James A. Banks sums up the aims of multicultural education clearly: Education ... should affirm and help students understand their home and community cultures.... it should also help free them from their cultural boundaries ... [and to] ... acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills they will need to participate in civic action and make society more equitable and just. (1) As pedagogy, multicultural education acknowledges the aims of social studies education--to provide students with a foundation in history and the other social sciences, and the skills needed to become critical decision makers. Its content for instruction is derived from our pluralistic society and membership in a global community. Thoughtful patriotism is promoted in many ways in social studies to encourage students to be proud of their country and work to improve their communities and the world community. To play out these roles, citizens must possess self-knowledge and knowledge of their immediate environments and beyond. A multicultural framework in a K-12 social studies program rests on this country's motto, E Pluribus Unum. Its objectives are to develop students' critical understanding of ways in which diversity has both contributed to society's common civic ideals and values and to students' sense of responsibility at addressing issues of democracy, equality, and social justice. Multicultural social studies instruction helps students understand that we can all play positive roles in our environments by understanding the principles and values of American democracy and the purpose of government. As engaged citizens, we should strive to ensure that all Americans are protected by their government and that all individuals are aware of their rights and responsibilities. Engaged citizens are the patriots, heroes, and heroines who make up the American experience. A section of the position statement of the NCSS Task Force on Revitalizing Citizenship Education states clearly what it means to be an effective citizen: For our democracy to survive in this challenging environment, we must educate our students to understand, respect, and uphold the values enshrined in our founding documents. Our students should leave school with a clear sense of their rights and responsibilities as citizens. They should also be prepared to challenge injustice and to promote the common good. (2) By integrating multiple perspectives, multicultural education encourages the inclusion of lesser known individuals and groups into the curriculum; broadens the knowledge base and encourages students to value the importance of making informed decisions; and, by chronicling the actions and behaviors of Americans addressing social injustices and environmental concerns, highlights the experiences of patriotic Americans who have attempted to make a difference in their communities. …


Abstract- Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is showing important and significant values to society. Bombaxceiba is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. The present study includes the detailed exploration of phytochemical properties of various extracts of Bombaxceiba in an attempt to provide a direction for further research. Flowers of Bombaxceiba were air-dried and its coarsely powdered samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using diverse solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform , ethanol, ethyl acetate and distilled water)). Freshly prepared extracts were exposed to standard phytochemical analysis for qualitative estimation of phytoconsituents. Phytochemical analysis r e v e a l e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f s e v e r a l phytochemicals viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenol, tannins, steroid, terpenoids and glycocides. The methanolic extract displ ayed the pr e s enc e of highe st phytochemical compounds. It may be due to the higher solubility of active components in this solvent as compared to other solvents. The studies justify the use of Bombaxceiba in traditional medicines. The investigation further propose that the metabolites present in leaf tissue of Bombaxceiba can be potential source of novel natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents which may be of prospective application in food industry as an antioxidant. Keywords: Phytochemical, Bombaxceiba, Antioxidant


The problem of universals remains a philosophical theme not only in ontology but also in epistemology. In Husserl, there are particular universals, the noematic 'X', the identical, and universals stricto sensu, atemporal universal names. In this paper, I present the theme as it is analyzed by Husserl in Ideas I. In the first section, I describe the trajectory to the universals highlighting the parallelism between noese and noema. In the second section, I draw the reflection of this problem on the philosophy of language which is also affected by the noeticnoematic correspondence. In the third and last section, I show how the investigation about the universals moves in the noematic sphere, and conclude defending the possibility of reaching the universal strict sense departing from the noematic 'X'.


In this paper, a hierarchical input-output decoupling controller is proposed to simultaneously prevent vehicle rollover and keep the input-output stability of vehicle planar motion. A four-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle dynamics model with four-wheel steering (4WS) and four in-wheel motors (4IWMs) is first developed. Then, in the high-level control design, the roll dynamics is decoupled from the planar motion using the general longitudinal and lateral forces. The decoupled roll dynamics is proved to perform as a linear system with an exponentially stable equilibrium. Moreover, the general yaw moment is also determined in the high-level control through the input-output stability analysis for tracking a yaw rate reference. In the low-level control design, the active 4WS control and direct yaw moment control are applied through a control allocation method to satisfy and distribute the virtual control obtained from the high-level control. Demonstrated by co-simulations integrating with CarSim® and MATLAB/Simulink®, the proposed hierarchical input-output decoupling control can successfully prevent the impending rollover and stabilize the vehicle planar motion.


This study presents the results of an interpretive phenomenological analysis on the establishment of safety and trust between the music therapy intern and their clinical supervisor. Four professional music therapists participated in semi-structured interviews, during which they reflected upon their experience in supervision. This method was chosen to access the lived experience of the participants. Literature from the perspective of music therapists explaining how safety and trust were formed in the supervisory relationship was not found, justifying the need for this study. Five themes emerged, each theme being a factor that affected the development of safety and trust between supervisee and supervisor. These themes are: context, supervisor investment, role dynamics, clarity, and intern identity. Each theme and its accompanying participant extracts were crosschecked by all participants. Safety and trust are considered to be important elements of the supervisory relationship, making it essential to inquire as to what influences their establishment. The results of this study may inform music therapy internship supervisors about establishing safety and trust with their interns based on what was helpful and hindering in the experience of these participants. TRUST IN MUSIC THERAPY CLINICAL SUPERVISION 4 Introduction This study addresses the ways that safety and trust form in the relationship between the music therapy intern and their clinical supervisor. Developing music therapists are required to be supervised through a clinical internship prior to earning a degree and becoming a board certified music therapist (MT-BC). The present study examines what was helpful in establishing feelings of safety and trust between trainees and their supervisors as well as what impeded feelings of safety and trust, during the training of current board certified music therapists and their former supervisors. While significant literature exists about trust and about music therapy supervision, there is no literature to date on trust in the relationship between music therapy interns and their supervisors, thus justifying the need for this study. Background Definition of clinical supervision. Clinical supervision has been defined by numerous authors in the health and helping professions. At its most basic, supervision means to oversee or survey (Jackson, 2008; Odell-Miller & Richards, 2009). It is described as an interactive process (Odell-Miller & Richards, 2009; Smythe, MacCulloch, & Charmley, 2009; Falender & Shafranske, 2014), a relationship between supervisor and supervisee (Forinash, 2001; Jackson, 2008; Pack, 2012; Salmon, 2013; Johnson, 2014), or a working alliance (Salmon, 2013; Borders, 2014; Watkins, 2014; Watkins, Budge, & Callahan, 2015), in which the supervisee receives professional support (Edwards et al, 2005; Smythe, MacCulloch, & Charmley, 2009; Watkins, Budge, & Callahan, 2015), that is intended to assist the supervisee in their development as a clinician (Jackson, 2008; Odell-Miller & Richards, 2009; Pack, 2012; Ross, 2013; Falender & Shafranske, 2014; Kozlowski et al, 2014; Watkins, Budge, & Callahan, 2015) and protect the clients with whom they work (Richards, 2011; Dilworth et al, 2013; Ross, 2013; Barnett & Molzon, 2014; Borders, 2014; Kozlowski et al, 2014). It is an educational process (Edwards & Daveson, 2004) that is purposeful, proactive, and goal-oriented (Borders, 2014), TRUST IN MUSIC THERAPY CLINICAL SUPERVISION 5 and directs the supervisee toward self-awareness (Edwards & Daveson, 2004; Jackson, 2008; OdellMiller & Richards, 2009). The supervisor functions as an outside observer (Tanguay, 2008; OdellMiller & Richards, 2009), a resonator (Odell-Miller & Richards, 2009), an expert (Odell-Miller & Richards, 2009; Johnson, 2014) or experienced professional (Smythe, MacCulloch, & Charmley, 2009), from whom the supervisee can learn. Supervision is considered to be an essential component of clinical training in music therapy and its related fields (Forinash, 2001; Tanguay, 2008; Wheeler & Williams, 2012; Barnett & Molzon, 2014; Kozlowski et al, 2014; Silverman, 2014). Goals and outcomes of clinical supervision. Pack (2012) identified "ensuring 'safe practice' with clients" to be the primary goal of clinical supervision (p. 163). In healthcare, supervision is used to develop the core competencies necessary to work as a clinician (Saucier et al, 2012). Similarly, in the field of psychology, supervision is intended to help aspiring clinicians meet competencies and develop professional skills, knowledge, and ethical practice (Johnson, Skinner, & Kaslow, 2014). Through developing these competencies and providing supervisees with necessary space to reflect and process, the supervisees' clients ultimately benefit (Ross, 2013). In addition to developing competence as a therapist, Watkins, Budge, and Callahan (2015) identified reduction of supervisee anxiety, self-doubt, and shame, and development of therapist identity as important goals of clinical supervision. Odell-Miller (2009), speaking about music therapy supervision, adds that the goal of supervision is to foster growth and self-awareness so that a music therapy intern can trust his or her own intuition. This might indicate a shift from a stage of clinical skills development in which supervisees are dependent on supervisors to a stage in which they are more independent (Swamy, 2011). From the perspective of music therapy supervisees, the most commonly identified goals of clinical supervision were to better understand their own clinical responses and relationships, to process difficult moments with clients, and to get ideas for interventions (Jackson, 2008). TRUST IN MUSIC THERAPY CLINICAL SUPERVISION 6 Factors influencing clinical supervision. The process of supervision in the helping professions is influenced by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the roles taken on by the supervisor and supervisee (Edwards & Daveson, 2004; Richards, 2011; Salmon, 2013; Barnett & Molzon, 2014; Borders, 2014; Falender & Shafranske, 2014; Johnson, Skinner, & Kaslow, 2014), the approaches and techniques used in supervision (Ross, 2013; Salmon, 2013; Barnett & Molzon, 2014; Borders, 2014), and the developmental level of the supervisee (Edwards & Daveson, 2004; Barnett & Molzon, 2014; Borders, 2014). The supervisory relationship has been identified as one of the most important elements of clinical training (Fanelder & Shafranske, 2014; Kozlowski et al, 2014). Roles and relationships. The supervisors of aspiring clinicians may have to navigate through a variety of roles in relation to their supervisees (Salmon, 2013; Borders, 2014). Clinical supervisors may serve as mentors, teachers, guides, or gatekeepers (Barnett & Molzon, 2014), managers or consultants (Salmon, 2013), experts, coaches, role models, or evaluators (Johnson, Skinner, & Kaslow, 2014). From supervisees perspectives, they may be seen as bosses or educators who are judging their performance and may penalize them for their weaknesses (Edwards & Daveson, 2004), or they may serve as role models who provide them with insight into what it will be like to work in their field (Richards, 2011). While supervisors may assist supervisees in identifying and addressing personal issues relevant to their clinical work, the roles of supervisor as therapist and supervisee as patient should be avoided (Falender & Shafranske, 2014; Watkins, Budge, & Callahan, 2015). In any case, the supervisory relationship is unavoidably hierarchical; the supervisor is typically seen as a figure of authority and a power differential is evident (Kim, 2007; Richards, 2011; Salmon, 2013). In an article on supervision in mental health nursing, the importance of supervisors functioning as unbiased third parties not involved in the supervisees' caseload is stressed; the supervisor-supervisee relationship is more successful when the supervisee is able to choose their supervisor (Cookson, 2014). Regardless of what specific role the supervisor may take, it is essential that appropriate boundaries are TRUST IN MUSIC THERAPY CLINICAL SUPERVISION 7 established within the supervisor-supervisee relationship (Watkins, 2014). Research has indicated that these boundaries may be made concrete through the use of supervision contracts and informed consent, which are written documents signed by both parties (Falender & Shafranske, 2014; Barnett & Molzon, 2014). Documents such as these may also serve to clarify roles, responsibilities, and expectations. Role ambiguity has been found to greatly increase supervisee anxiety, thus inhibiting effective supervision (Ellis, Hutman, & Chapin, 2015). Within the supervisory relationship, there may be resistance on the part of the supervisee. This is often due to the supervisee's anxiety and feelings of not progressing as expected (Edwards & Daveson, 2004). While a certain amount of resistance is to be expected, too much resistance may inhibit supervisee progress, especially if the supervisee is uncertain of how to separate personal and professional roles. Dilworth et al. (2013) also found that supervisees often feel that they are not worthy of receiving clinical supervision. This personal insecurity on the part of supervisees may increase resistance. In addition to boundaries and resistance, from a psychodynamic perspective, transference and countertransference may affect the relationship between supervisor and supervisee. Salmon (2013) describes transference and countertransference as a redirection of feelings. Transference and countertransference are both unconscious and differ only in direction; transference describes projection from the client onto therapist, or supervisee onto supervisor; countertransference describes projection from therapist onto client, or supervisor onto supervisee. Previous relationships in the lived experiences of the supervisor and supervisee, including clinical relationships and personal


The problems in the high-voltage inverter operation of a power plant were summarized and classified,some specific examples of the problems were analyzed,and problem-solving measures and the results achieved were described in detail.


Reports in the literature appear to differ on the effects of some C3 substituents on the relative efficiencies of isotope exchange in the nonidentical C2- and C6-positions catalyzed by organoiridium complexes. Controlled experiments were conducted using a set of model substrates in attempts to clarify these effects. The results clearly showed that, in common with most previous findings, alkyl substituents at C3 reduced the rate of isotope incorporation into C2 relative to C6, as expected on steric grounds. In contrast, all substituents possessing electron lone pairs resulted in a lessening of the inhibition of C2-vs-C6 labeling or promoted C2 labeling to such a degree that it became faster than that at C6. NMR measurements on equimolar mixtures of active iridium complex with selected substrates revealed that the ratios of C2- and C6-iridacycles present in solution correlated with the relative rates of ortho-deuteration in the rate studies. The results of the two studies, taken together, suggest that conventional explanations for the origin of the positive meta-effect may not be adequate for the present system. An alternative hypothesis is advanced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A remote plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (RPECVD) process was used to deposit thin silicon dioxides on silicon substrates. The oxide properties were compared with thermal oxides with similar thicknesses (2.5–9 nm) using capacitance‐voltage ( C‐V ), current‐voltage ( I‐V ) and constant voltage stress measurements ( I‐t ). Post‐metallization annealing (PMA) showed different annealing dynamics as compared to the thermal oxides for anneal times below approximately 1000 s (at 260 °C) after which the dynamics were similar. The deposited oxides had a higher initial interface state density ( D it ) than the thermal oxides, but after PMA they were found to be of the same quality as the thermal oxides. Positive charging of the deposited oxides during constant voltage stress was the same as for thermal oxides, showing that the stress endurance of the two are similar.


This article proposes a theoretical investigation of sustainable rural development fostering possibilities by strengthening the communication means, instruments and strategies, as well as the inclusion of the communication culture in the established processes between institutions that promote rural public policy and family farmers. The text also discusses the strategic possibility addition of information technologies, especially mobile telephony, to reinvigorate social coordination processes in rural areas, in order to revitalize community participation in rural sustainable development processes. This investigation chooses as objects an empirical reality and a specific theme to produce new knowledge on the phenomenon at hand and contribute to the theoretical and academic debate. We conclude that sustainable rural development must be linked to social management: synonym for participative management, whose actors, involved in a network, dialogically discuss their projects and define their common goals, leading to convictions and problem solutions. The materialization of this awareness happens through communication input, with information technologies as the tools to achieve it.


In this study, the effect of augmented reality applications on students ' attitudes towards astronomy was investigated. In this study, seventh grade students studying in two different classes in a public school were used. One of the classes was determined as a control group and the other class was determined as an experimental group. Astronomy Attitude Scale was used as data collection tools. For 4 weeks, the Solar System and Beyond Unit were processed in the control group in accordance with the curriculum, while the experimental group was supported with augmented reality applications. The Astronomy Attitude Scale was applied as a pre-test to both groups before the application started. After the application, the same test was applied as a post-test to both groups. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS 22 statistical package program and t-test was used in the evaluation of the obtained data. According to the results of the post-test scores of Astronomy Attitude Scale, a statistically significant relationship was found in favor of the experimental group. Accordingly, it has been shown that augmented reality applications improve the attitudes of middle school students towards astronomy.


The chapter analyses to what extent the European sectoral social dialogue actually acts as a networking platform and plays a coordinating role across the member states of the European Union. In other words, to what extent are the European sectoral social partners able to unite, or at least combine, the interests of national constituencies who act in contexts that are economically, socially and politically very diversified, and who are embedded in different industrial relations regimes giving them different roles, capacities, objectives and strategies?


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a scale measurement of supply chain operations reference (SCOR)-related performance indicators and proposed constructs, SCOR-related performance indicators as practices within the Indian manufacturing sector.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature-based model on SCOR processes with five constructs and respective performance indicators was empirically validated by using a structured questionnaire. A total of 155 respondents among Indian manufacturing sector participated in this research, and the returned questionnaires were analyzed by using structural equation modeling.

Findings
The study established a relationship among the SCOR-related performance indicators and overall supply chain performance indicators (OSCPI). The moderation effect of demographic characteristics, namely, employee size, company age and type of company showed significant differences between SCOR-related performance indicators and overall supply chain indicators.

Research limitations/implications
The scope of the study is limited to specific Indian manufacturing firms. The survey could not represent whole population of manufacturing sector.

Practical implications
The findings assist managers/supply chain practitioners in improving the performance measures identified using the standard framework, i.e., SCOR processes, overall supply chain performance measures as standard practices for Indian manufacturing sector for a profitable and sustainable business growth in global environment.

Originality/value
This research holds a value for suggested practices under SCOR processes and the proposed model for OSCPI, a path finder/performance measurement tool for supply chain professionals in the Indian context.


Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in males apart from non-melanocytic skin cancer and is the second most common cause of male cancer death. The five-year survival rate for prostate cancer patients is approximately 83% and it is expected that with earlier screening and detection and improvements in treatment, the survival rate for men with prostate cancer is likely to increase. In response to increased survival rates, health care practitioners and researchers are focusing on secondary prevention and quality of life among prostate cancer survivors. There is evidence to support the benefits of physical activity for prostate cancer survivors. For example, physical activity reduces the risk of secondary conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis. Participation in physical activity helps to relieve the side effects of treatment, reduces levels of depression and anxiety and enhances quality of life. Although physical activity is beneficial for prostate cancer survivors, this group are less likely than other cancer survivors (e.g. breast and colorectal) to increase physical activity after diagnosis. A population-based investigation in Australia showed that men with a prostate cancer diagnosis were more likely to be sedentary or insufficiently physically active than those who had never had a cancer diagnosis. The few physical activity intervention trials that focused on prostate cancer survivors have found mixed results in terms of adherence to participation following the intervention. The inconclusive outcomes of interventions could be explained by our limited understanding of the determinants of physical activity for prostate cancer survivors. Little is known about the motivations, benefits, barriers and acceptability of the interventions for survivors of prostate cancer, resulting in a limited evidence base for intervention trials. Although the determinants of physical activity have been addressed for breast and, to a lesser extent, colorectal cancer patients, these findings can not be generalised across tumour types. The eff icacy of using the same physical activity interventions across different patient groups does not take into consideration the range of side effects that are associated with various treatment types, the different experiences of cancer patients or gender differences in preferences for different types of physical activity. Research that focuses on addressing these issues through both qualitative and quantitative methods should be a priority. An improved understanding of physical activity participation of prostate cancer survivors will enhance recruitment and retention rates for interventions and the success of interventions. The observed low participation rates in interventions that aim to enhance physical activity results in non-representative sample groups and limited generalisability. Factors that influence physical activity behaviour are complex. In the context of survivors of prostate cancer, these factors are likely to include demographic characteristics (e.g. level of education, age); disease specific factors (e.g. cancer stage, type of treatment); psychosocial factors (e.g. perceived benefits of physical activity, social support, self-efficacy, knowledge of the benefits of physical activity, social norms, encouragement from medical staff) and environmental factors (e.g. access to appropriate programs and facilities). Frameworks such as the social ecological framework could be used to examine the determinants of physical activity as this approach takes into consideration the multiple levels of influence. According to the social ecological framework, health behaviour is affected by intra-personal, social, cultural and physical environmental variables. Social ecological frameworks are unique in acknowledging that there are many levels of influence on the adoption and maintenance of physical activity. Our understanding of how we can best assist prostate cancer survivors to become physically active requires further research through definitive studies into the factors that influence physical activity participation by men following treatment for prostate cancer. The challenge is to uncover the important determinants of physical activity for prostate cancer survivors to aid in the development of effective interventions. Ideally, the interventions would be theoretically grounded, optimally timed, delivered through suitable channels, address barriers to recruitment and retention and rigorously evaluated.


Far be it from me to feel ever so slightly superior, but recent events seem to highlight the benefits of a vegetarian diet. Of course, you need to have been meat-free virtually since birth to avoid BSE, but the suggestion that Alzheimer's might be 'kept at bay... by eating more spinach, broccoli and green beans' (The Guardian April 27) inspires confidence for the future Folic acid supplements might also help - except when a vitamin B12 deficiency may cause 'damage to bone structure'.


The prediction and early detection of physiological disorders based on the nutritional conditions and stress of plants are extremely vital for the growth and production of crops. High-throughput phenotyping is an effective nondestructive method to understand this, and numerous studies are being conducted with the development of convergence technology. This study analyzes physiological disorders in plant leaves using hyperspectral images and deep learning algorithms. Data on seven classes for various physiological disorders, including normal, prediction, and the appearance of symptom, were obtained for strawberries subjected to artificial treatment. The acquired hyperspectral images were used as input for a convolutional neural network algorithm without spectroscopic preprocessing. To determine the optimal model, several hyperparameter tuning and optimizer selection processes were performed. The Adam optimizer exhibited the best performance with an F1 score of ≥0.95. Moreover, the RMSProp optimizer exhibited slightly similar performance, confirming the potential for performance improvement. Thus, the novel possibility of utilizing hyperspectral images and deep learning algorithms for nondestructive and accurate analysis of the physiological disorders of plants was shown.


ARINC 653 specification has been introduced as a standardized interface definition of real-time operating system to simplify the development of Integrated Modular Avionics. The ARINC 653 provides a strict and robust time and space partitioning to guarantee the reliability of avionics by isolating the failures of the system. Configuration data for the time and space partitions in the ARINC 653 can be defined as the XML configuration file that can be accessed only by system OS. Unfortunately, it is quite tedious activity to confirm the integrity of partition scheduling and to check the syntax errors of XML during the integration tasks. In this paper, we present a software configuration tool that provides generating the configuration data and verifying the integrity of partitioning based on XML Scheme of the ARINC 653 standard.


The current metadata modeling techniques can not meet the needs of knowledge conception expression, knowledge organization, and metadata semantic consistency in geological domain. This paper introduces ontology and integrates this theory to geological domain metadata modeling. It adopts the first order logic equivalent algorithm and defines the metadata extended model as a quaternion group which is consists of geological term set, geological term definition set, attribute definition set and instance set. It also provides the formal description of each set. Finally the five steps for building geological domain metadata extended model are given. The result presents that this model not only provides the content standards for geological domain knowledge representation and knowledge organization, but also provides the basis for geological domain multi-source data and historical data integration and application in semantic consistency.


PURPOSE: A fruit protecting bag is provided to protect fruits such as grapes, pears, and apples according to the growth rate of the fruits using a strippably heat-sealed light scattering member. CONSTITUTION: A bag body(3) with a plurality of air permeable micro-holes is made of transparent or semi-transparent thermoplastic resin film. The both edges of the bag body are heat-sealed together. A light scattering member(2) is heat-sealed near an opening of the bag. A tightening attachment part is heat-sealed near the opening of the bag and comprised of a hooking protrusion, tightening string(4), and tightening attachment segment or tightening wire.