Anthracnose, caused by fungus Cö//e/ö/ncÄi/»i lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib., is among the main diseases of the common bean (PAa^^o/w^ vulgaris L.) in Brazil an in other beangrowing areas around the world. This disease may cause total yield loss when susceptible cultivars are grown under environmental conditions appropriate for the pathogen proliferation. The development of resistant cultivars is an alternative strategy to control of the disease. New cultivars have to be developed along the years because of the high pathogenic variability of the fungus. Several RAPD markers have been identified and used to facilitate the development of resistant cultivars. Because of the reproducibility problems associated with the RAPD technique these markers can be used to derive SCAR markers which are more specific and reproducible. The objective of this work was to develop SCAR markers fi*om RAPD markers linked to anthracnose resistance genes Co-^ (RAPD markers OPY20 and OPC08) and Co-6 (RAPD markers OPAZ20 and OPZ04) previously identified in our laboratory (Alzate-Marin et al., 1999; Alzate-Marin et al, 2000; Amida et aL, 2000). The RAPD bands of interest were excised fi-om 1.5% agarose gels and purified with the Gel Extraction Kit (QIAgen). The DNA fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega), which was used to transform competent DH5a Escherichia co/i cells. The positive clones were sequenced in an automated sequencer (ABI Prism 377, Perkin Elmer), and the SCAR primers were designed, synthesized and tested in appropriate populations segregating for resistance genes Co'4 or Cö-5 (Table 1). The sequences of the SCAR primers and the amplification conditions are depicted on Table 2. These SCAR markers are now being used in the common bean breeding program developed at the BIOAGRO/UFV, which aims to pyramid resistance genes in different commercial bean cultivars grown in Brazil.


The globally significant Caucasus hotspot of biological diversity holds a rich and largely endemic fauna of land molluscs. Georgia holds the majority of these regional endemics. Land molluscs are particularly sensitive indicators of habitat quality and faunal diversity. In this study, we examine the extent to which the existing network of protected areas (PAs) within Georgia captures the hotspots of endemic molluscan diversity. We collected and mapped the records of Georgian and Caucasian endemic species onto a 20 � 20 km 2 UTM grid to identify the most important endemic areas in Georgia. We related these to the existing network of PAs. Less than half of the richest grid cells included significant PAs. Although those endemics with the smallest known ranges were better protected than the remainder, the incomplete state of knowledge means that our estimates of existing protection are surely optimistic. To date, the designation of PAs in Georgia has not used distributional data for invertebrates, although elsewhere they have been shown to be an effective aid to planning and management for conservation. Further surveys of molluscs and their monitoring in existing PAs can and should inform a systematic conservation strategy in Georgia.


This chapter offers a history of interdisciplinary studies in Victorian literature as well as a review of current trends in the field.


Based on the analysis of traditional scheduling algorithms' advantages and disadvantages,a new message scheduling algorithm is proposed especially for variable-length messages in WDM networks.In order to balance the traffic load and decrease the transmission delay at the same time,the algorithm tries to balance the total message length assigned to the nodes without violating the orders of control messages.Theoretical computation and extensive simulation results are presented,which indicate that the proposed algorithm leads to a significantly higher delay and load performance,in comparison to conventional scheduling algorithms.


Simple Summary Most studies have focused on water temperature and photoperiods on the effects of growth and reproduction in fish, but the light spectrum also plays an important role in inducing the synthesis and secretion of growth-/reproduction-related hormones. In this study, the juvenile red spotted grouper was exposed to four light spectra from white, red, blue, or green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for two months. The fish exposed to white LEDs exhibited the best growth, although the expression levels of growth hormone (GH) showed no significant differences and the pre-pro-somatostatin-I (PSS-I) expression levels significantly increased. Four LED spectra were effective in stimulating food intake as the expression levels of neuropeptide Y significantly increased. The gonadal development advanced from chromatin nucleolar-stage oocytes to perinucleolar-stage oocytes in all four LED groups, while there were no significant differences in FSHβ and LHβ expression. This result suggests that FSHβ and LHβ may not have played important roles in gonadal development when these fish were exposed to the four light spectra. Collectively, our results provide evidence that the natural light condition (white LED condition) is a better choice for the growth of juvenile red spotted grouper in captivity during summer. Abstract The light spectrum is a key environmental cue involved in growth and reproduction in teleosts. This study investigated the effects of exposure on juvenile red spotted grouper exposed to white (control), red (590 nm), blue (480 nm), and green (520 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (12 h light:12 h dark) for two months. The body weight (BW), total length (TL), condition factor (CF), weight gain rate (WGR), gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were assessed. Gonadal development was observed. The gene expression of growth-related hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), pre-pro-somatostatin-I (PSS-I), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and CCK, and of reproduction-related hormones, such as Kiss1, Kiss2, GPR54, sbGnRH, FSHβ, and LHβ, was analyzed. The results showed that the fish in the white LED group exhibited the best BW, TL, CF, WGR, and HSI after one or two months. The fish exposed to white LEDs showed the best growth after two months, but no significant differences in GH levels were detected. Contrarily, the expression levels of the PSS-I significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fish from the white group, suggesting the complex regulation of GH production and the limited effects of PSS-I on the inhibition of GH synthesis and somatic growth. The significantly increased NPY levels in the four LED groups (p < 0.05) indicated that these four LED spectra were effective in stimulating food intake and energy homeostasis. After two months, the gonads developed from chromatin nucleolar-stage oocytes to perinucleolar-stage oocytes in the four LED groups. The gene expression of Kiss2 and GPR54 in the four LED groups and of sbGnRH in the white and blue LED groups significantly increased when compared to that in the initial group (p < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in FSHβ and LHβ expression in the four LED groups. These results suggest that FSH and LH may not play important roles in gonadal development in juvenile red spotted grouper that are exposed to these four LED spectra.


F014 T-15 AVA Stochastic Inversion of Pre-Stack Seismic Data and Well Logs for 3D Reservoir Modeling Abstract 1 A. CONTRERAS 1 C. TORRES-VERDIN 1 K. KVIEN 2 T. FASNACHT 3 and W. CHESTERS 2 1 The University of Texas at Austin Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering 1 University Station C0300 Austin Texas 78712 USA 2 Fugro-Jason Rotterdam 3 Anadarko Petroleum Corporation This paper describes the application of a novel AVA stochastic inversion algorithm to quantitatively integrate pre-stack seismic data and well logs. The stochastic inversion algorithm is used to characterize flow units of a deep-water Miocene reservoir located in


Background Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies explored the association of T2DM with arterial stiffness and thickness biomarkers including the augmentation index (AIX), aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), carotid intima-media wall thickness (IMT) as well as blood pressure (BP), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); however the conclusions are either inconsistent or incomprehensive. Material/Methods The average differences of each included trial were expressed as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Analyses of carotid IMT, aPWV, baPWV and AIX Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), LDL-C and HDL-C were independently performed. Furthermore, subgroup analyses by ethnicity (Caucasian or Asian) were conducted. Begg's and Egger's tests were performed for potential publication biases detection. Results A total of 14 case-control eligible studies with 1222 T2DM patients and 1094 control subjects were included. In the overall analysis, significant associations were observed between the carotid IMT, aPWV, baPWV, LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and DBP with T2DM (IMT: p=1.1*10−12; aPWV: p=1.1*10−7; baPWV: p=1.8*10−33; LDL-C: p=3.1*10−8; HDL-C: p=6.1*10−18; SBP: p=3.9*10−21; DBP: p=4.8*10−5). No association was detected for AIX (p=0.09). Subgroup analyses indicated that aPWV, baPWV, SBP, LDL-C, and HDL-C were associated with T2DM in both white and Asian populations (p<0.05). The significant associations of IMT, AIX and DBP with T2DM were only observed in the Asian subgroup. Conclusions Carotid IMT, aPWV, baPWV, as well as LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and DBP but not AIX were useful noninvasive early markers for T2DM vascular dysfunction detection.


For the blessing of World Wide Web, the corpus of online information is gigantic in its volume. Search engines have been developed such as Google, AltaVista, Yahoo, etc., to retrieve specific information from this huge amount of data. But the outcome of search engine is unable to provide expected result as the quantity of information is increasing enormously day by day and the findings are abundant. So, the automatic text summarization is demanded for salient information retrieval. Automatic text summarization is a system of summarizing text by computer where a text is given to the computer as input and the output is a shorter and less redundant form of the original text. An informative pr


OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and tolerability of the 5-HT(1A) agonist gepirone in extended-release formulation (gepirone-ER) versus placebo in patients with major depressive disorder.

METHOD
Patients aged 18 to 70 years were eligible if they satisfied DSM-IV criteria for moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder and had a baseline 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17) score > or = 20. After a 4- to 7-day placebo washout period, patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (N = 106) or gepirone-ER (20-80 mg/day) (N = 103) for 56 days. Assessments were done at weeks 1-4, 6, and 8.

RESULTS
Mean change from baseline in HAM-D-17 score within the intent-to-treat group (gepirone, N = 101; placebo, N = 103) was significantly greater with gepirone-ER than placebo at weeks 3 (p =.013) and 8 (p =.018). Significantly (p <.05) more patients receiving gepirone-ER than placebo were HAM-D-17 responders at weeks 3 (33.7% vs. 18.8%, respectively) and 4 (38.6% vs. 24.8%, respectively) and HAM-D-17 remitters at weeks 6 (24.8% vs. 13.9%, respectively) and 8 (28.7% vs. 14.9%, respectively). Mean change from baseline for HAM-D-25 total score was significantly (p < pr =.05) greater with gepirone-ER at all assessments except week 6. The proportion of HAM-D-25 responders was significantly greater (p < or =.05) with gepirone-ER at weeks 3 and 8. Gepirone-ER was well tolerated: 9.8% of the gepirone-ER group and 2.8% of the placebo group discontinued due to adverse events. Common adverse events were considered mild and included dizziness, nausea, and insomnia. Gepirone-ER did not differ statistically compared with placebo in weight gain or sedation. Furthermore, preliminary evidence suggested that gepirone-ER may not be associated with sexual dysfunction. No serious adverse events occurred in gepirone-treated patients.

CONCLUSION
Gepirone-ER is effective for the short-term treatment of major depressive disorder and is well tolerated.


The study results indicate that the relative conductivities of leaves without low temperature hardening increase sharply after 4~6 hours of freezing treatment,whereas the relative conductivities of leaves with low temperature hardening increase sharply after 8~12 hours,this paper shows that the cold endurance of Phoenix loureirii with low temperature hardening is evidently better than that of plant without low temperature hardening.


Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing and simulation is increasingly being used in the test and design of vehicle control system. Utilizing Matlab/Simulink with dSPACE, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform for the control system of pure electric vehicle is built. HIL simulation of vehicle control units, especially the vehicle management system, are carried out based on CAN bus communication. A control-monitor interface for HIL testing is set up using ControlDesk to observe and measure input/output signals. In order to examine the reliability of HIL platform, primary simulation models built through Matlab/Simulink are replaced by real components, including electric motor and Ni-H battery, with true sensors from practical vehicles. Result confirms a good stability of the HIL platform, which can be flexible to allow extension and reconfiguration.


The recent use of High Performance Concrete (HPC) in fabrication and construction of prestressed girder bridges allows engineers to design economical bridges with longer span lengths, shallower girders and increased girder spacing. This paper discusses the time dependent deflection of concrete bridges using the proposed refined method, Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) multipliers, and the modified Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) multipliers. The proposed refined method and multipliers are based on the WSDOT creep equation for estimating time-dependent deflections of composite and non-composite girders using both conventional and high performance concrete.


The invention provides a preparation method for 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds. The method comprises a step of adding thiosemicarbazide, a short-chain carboxylic acid and hydrobromic acid into a reactor; a step of stirring and heating to reflux, reacting for 2-3 h at a maintained temperature to obtain a reaction liquid; a step of cooling the reaction liquid to room temperature, adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to 8-9 in an ice-water bath, and performing suction filtration under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product after solid is precipitated; and a step of subjecting the crude product to recrystallization by using ethanol-water solution having a weight concentration of 30% to obtain the 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds. The method has rapid reaction, high product impurity, simple post-treatment, and high product yield, and therefore the method is prone to implement, and problems, namely long reaction time by using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst, low yield by using sulfuric acid as the catalyst, difficult post-treatment by using phosphorous oxychloride as the catalyst, etc., of original technologies are solved.


An important but neglected difference between modern utilitarian and Kantian ethics on one side and virtues ethics on the other concerns the relation of good and evil. By taking virtues to be ethical primitives, standard versions of virtues ethics entail that some goods are logically evil-dependent. That is, at least some central virtues cannot be characterised without reference to the possible existence of an evil, and cannot be exercised without the actual existence of that evil. Given this account on the logical relation of good and evil, can a virtues ethic be defended? In particular, does a virtues ethic sanction an inference from a virtue to the evil that is the occasion for its exercise? The paper examines some prima facie examples of such inferences and considers how they might be blocked from within a virtues ethic.


Intrathoracic goiters are defined as the extension of the thyroid gland into the mediastinum. Superior Vena Cava (SVC) syndrome due to the compression of major vessels can be seen in these patients. Most cases of SVC syndrome occur as a complication of malignancy. A 75-year-old female, non-smoker, was admitted with complaints of the midline neck swell ing for the past 45 years, mild puffiness of face, breathlessness on lying down and dry cough for last 5 years. On clinical examination, there was a massive grade IV thyromegaly. Neck computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous, hyper -trophic, nodular thyroid gland with multiple calcification and mediastinal extension with narrowed trachea. Intraoperatively, there was a huge retrosternal thyroid gland compression of the right brachiocephalic vein, the brachiocephalic trunk from behind the vessel and the right carotid artery along with the right internal jugular vein. Pathological examination showed a nodular colloid goitre without signs of malignancy. When SVC syndrome is secondary to benign thyroid disease, total thyroidectomy should be performed. Abstract Objective: To evaluate the changes in the number of Langerhans Cells (LC) observed in the epithelium of smokeless tobacco (SLT-induced) lesions. Methods: Microscopic sections from biopsies carried out in the buccal mucosa of twenty patients, who were chronic users of smokeless tobacco (SLT), were utilized. For the control group, twenty non-SLT users of SLT with normal mucosa were selected. Th e sections were studied with routine coloring and were immunostained for S-100, CD1a, Ki-67 and p63. Th ese data were statistically analyzed by the Student's t-test to investigate the di ff erences in the expression of immune markers in normal mucosa and in SLT-induced leukoplakia lesions. Results: Th ere was a signi fi cant di ff erence in the immunolabeling of all markers between normal mucosa and SLT-induced lesions (p<0.001). Th e leukoplakia lesions in chronic SLT users demonstrated a signi fi cant increase in the number of Langerhans cells and in the absence of epithelial dysplasia. Conclusion: Th e increase in the number of these cells represents the initial stage of leukoplakia.


A remote File Backup and Recover System(FBRS) is presented and realized.Through adding a system snapshot for the backup file on FBRS client,it determines whether the file is updated,computes the difference and sends the result of difference compute(difference file) to the FBRS server,the FBRS server playback the difference file,the remote file synchronization is realized.Test results show that compared to rsync,the system can prominent reduce the network bandwidth consumption.


This paper describes a series of assignments called "Internet Explorations," which were developed for an introductory public relations course. The three rationales for the assignments in the paper were illustration and application of course concepts to ongoing public relations activities, student exposure to communication strategies, and structured online experiences which involved new technological public relations tactics. The four assignments, entitled: "Exploring PR History"; "Organizations and Key Publics"; "Communities, Governments, and Activists"; and-"Organizations and Crises," were distributed via email. Benefits of the assignffients included increased classroom discussion quality and connection with current events. An appendix contains sample handouts of the four assignments, including several Web site links used for the assignments. (EF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


The Catanzaro Trough (South Italy) is a Neogene-Quaternary sedimentary basin developed between the Serre and the Sila Massif, located in the central Calabrian Arc. Since Miocene, the study area experienced different tectonic phases, resulting confined by both longitudinal and transversal faults systems.Combining of land geo-structural with marine geophysical data was performed a detailed analysis of processes that during last 5 My have controlled the evolution of western portion of the Catanzaro Trough.Sedimentary basin hosted by the Catanzaro Trough is controlled, mainly, by NW–SE and NE–SW oriented fault systems. The data analysis allowed us to state the activity of NW-SE oriented faults with strike slip and oblique kinematics related to the opening of a WNW–ESE-oriented paleo-strait connecting the Tyrrhenian area to the Ionian Sea. The NW-SE trending faults have acted since Miocene as edges of a transfer zone, and represent elements of tectonic accommodation between northern and southern Calabrian Arc.The structural framework is further complicated by the activation of the NE-SW striking normal faults, arranged as a graben-type system, which since Middle Pleistocene segment the western Catanzaro Trough.Thanks to this multidisciplinary approach we are able to provide a more reliable and detailed structural frame of the central Calabria segment, providing new elements about recent activity of faults, and giving a further contribution for the seismogenetic potential assessment of an area historically considered with the highest earthquake and tsunami risk throughout Italy.


This paper reports the controlled synthesis of highly ordered arrays of rutile TiO2 rods with tunable size and properties on electrospun PVDF Fibers by using a low-temperature hydrothermal growth strategy. Well-defined, highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 rod arrays covering on the PVDF fibers backbone were obtained. In order to study the morphology-dependent optical and photocatalytic properties of the hierarchical composites, the hydrothermal treatment time was varied, resulting in rime-like (6 h) and rod bundles (4 h and 10 h) morphologies. By contrast, the crystallinity, grain size and optical properties of the sample depended on the hydrothermal treatment time. After being irradiated for 600 min with an 18 W UV lamp, the photocatalytic efficiency of rhodamine B for the sample hydrothermal treated for 4 h, 6 h and 10 h was about 28%, 37% and 85%, respectively. A slight decrease in the photodegradation efficiency can be detected after five times recycled experiments. Moreover, further study indicates that the rime-like branched structure promote photocatalytic efficiency.


An approach is presented to determine the most likely tour distributions and model behavior for investigating drayage truck movements in a coastal region. This was done by implementing a revised form of entropy maximization based on truck tours to model and better understand drayage truck tour behavior at the San Pedro Bay Ports (SPBPs) complex in Southern California. The drayage trucks at the SPBPs have features that are distinct from other commercial trucks. The tour-based entropy maximization model proposed in this paper provides an opportunity to incorporate periodically updated GPS data collected in Southern California into a large-scale tour-based model. With the dataset, four models were estimated by cargo movement: (1) year-based, (2) low period, (3) medium period, and (4) high period models. The findings were consistent with the tour patterns varying by season and by cargo movement. Furthermore, the medium period, which represented relatively steady cargo movement, indicated a better MAPE (mean absolute percent error) than did other models. This proposed approach provides a significant advantage in that the most recent touring information obtained from advanced technologies could be directly applied to the tour-based model and subsequently used to assess various strategies.


Bored concrete pile with high-pressure rotary jet grouting pile,braced by compound steel bracing. This project used in the foundation pit of Tianjin Gulou shopping street A plot. It not only has the function of retaining wall and waterproof wall ,but also be one side wall of the perpetual structure. The paper also expatiates some questions happened during the construction and how to be solved .This kind of project can be use for reference for it's safety and economical.


Cancer is the second most leading cause for death, next to cardiac diseases. People living with cancer experience a wide variety of symptoms due to disease severity and also various treatment modalities. If symptoms are not managed well, the functional ability of the patient's daily activity is greatly impaired. The main objective of this study was to assess the pattern of CAUTIONUS characteristics and its severity with commonly diagnosed cancer patients. A retrospective study design was used; data were collected from the patients who were diagnosed with cancer and receiving chemotherapy in oncology ward. By convenient sampling technique, 150 samples were selected for the study. Among them, 58.7% patients were females and 41.3% were males. Gastrointestinal tract cancer (19.3%) breast cancer (18.6%), and head and neck cancer (14.6%) are the cancers occurred most frequently. 25.3% of patients had the problem in their bowel and bladder patterns. 15% of patients had oral ulcer and 9.3% of patients had severe pain and itching in the oral cavity. 39% of patients had vaginal bleeding, 15% of patients had rectal bleeding and 14% of patients had hemetemesis. 26% of patients had the problem of difficulty in swallowing and 13.3% of them had the problem of indigestion. 15% of patients had changes in their skin but they did not experience any difficulties. 17.3% of patients had hoarseness of voice and 14% of patients had persistent cough. Almost 76% of patients were experiencing severe anemia and felt tired and 80% of patients had severe weight loss. This study brought out the alarm signs (CAUTIONUS) of severity among the cancer patients. Nearly 52% of patients seek medical advice when their symptoms start to burden more; hence there is a necessity to evaluate the people in the community itself. Timely referral, psychological support, early recognition and treatment of symptoms are farthermost important in cancer patients' care.


In computing eigenvalues for a large finite element system, it has been observed that the eigenvalue extractors produce eigenvectors that are in some sense more accurate than their corresponding eigenvalues. From this observation, uses a patch‐type technique based on the eigenvector for one mesh quality to provide an eigenvalue error indicator for the complex problem of out‐of‐plane plate vibration analysis. Tests show this indicator to be both accurate and reliable.


Tween‐80 is one of the most important causes resulting in anaphylactoid reaction. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Proteomic characterizations of mast cells' excreta in response to Tween‐80 are assayed to investigate the mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction.


In chapter 1 the integrity of root apices of cadaver and extracted teeth after ultrasonic root-end cavity preparation at medium and low intensity was evaluated. The frequency of cracks and chipping caused by ultrasonic root-end preparation was greater on extracted than on cadaver teeth. Therefore investigation on root-end preparation should preferably be conducted in situ. As it does not result in fewer side effects, lowering the ultrasonic power from medium to low intensity is not recommended. In chapter 2 the root-end sealing ability of IRM, Fuji IX and MTA in small cavities was compared and research on leakage study methodology by means of comparison of the fluid transport method (FTM) and capillary flow porometry (CFP) was performed. The conventionally-setting glass ionomer (GIC) Fuji IX showed least leakage. CFP demonstrated through pores in all teeth, whereas FTM did not. CFP appeared to be a useful method for leakage evaluation. In chapter 3 and 4 the long term sealing ability of root-end filling materials was evaluated in large cavities. Standardized bovine root sections were filled with Gutta Percha, Ketac Fil, Fuji IX, MTA, IRM, Ketac Fil with conditioner (C) or Fuji IX (C) and submitted to CFP at 48 hours, 1 month and 6 months. All materials were associated with capillary flow. The maximum pore diameters will be indicative of the eventual leakage or otherwise of bacteria and their metabolites. IRM root-end fillings had through pores that were smaller than those associated with other materials. GICs had the largest pores, although dentine conditioning improved their performance. The seal of all materials improved after 6 months. In chapter 5 the apical seal of MTA and Fuji IX (C) in root-end cavities with and without cracks and their obturation efficiency were evaluated. The teeth were immersed in Indian ink and cleared. Apical leakage was measured and obturation efficiency was scored. The presence of cracks, originating from the root canal, negatively influenced the seal and seemed to be of more importance than the root-end filling material being used. MTA and Fuji IX showed equal sealing capacity, but MTA showed better obturation efficiency than Fuji IX.


In this paper, we study the logic of language of $ L(More,IA) $. The logic contains the quantifier called '' more '' which makes cardinality comparisons can not be expressed in the language of the first order logic. The sentence forms are basically the form of ''There are more y than x .'' with x and y being common plural nouns. The sentence forms of common plural nouns combined with intersecting adjectives are ''There are more b y than a x.'' with the intersecting adjectives a and b. We focus on derivation algorithms of the sentences having this type of quantifier and algorithms of construction of counter-models when the derivations are not provided.


Simple Summary Genomic instability (GI) plays an important role in the pathobiology of multiple myeloma (MM) by promoting the acquisition of several tumor hallmarks. Molecular determinants of GI in MM are continuously emerging and will be herein discussed, with specific regard to non-coding RNAs. Targeting non-coding RNA molecules known to be involved in GI indeed provides novel routes to dampen such oncogenic mechanisms in MM. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) within a permissive bone marrow microenvironment. The pathogenesis of MM is unequivocally linked to the acquisition of genomic instability (GI), which indicates the tendency of tumor cells to accumulate a wide repertoire of genetic alterations. Such alterations can even be detected at the premalignant stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) and, overall, contribute to the acquisition of the malignant traits underlying disease progression. The molecular basis of GI remains unclear, with replication stress and deregulation of DNA damage repair pathways representing the most documented mechanisms. The discovery that non-coding RNA molecules are deeply dysregulated in MM and can target pivotal components of GI pathways has introduced a further layer of complexity to the GI scenario in this disease. In this review, we will summarize available information on the molecular determinants of GI in MM, focusing on the role of non-coding RNAs as novel means to tackle GI for therapeutic intervention.


A genetic algorithm was implemented in order to optimize the selection of parameters within a polycrystalline plasticity model. Previously collected experimental data from tests performed on textured Zircaloy-2, consisting of macroscopic flow curves, lattice strains and Lankford coefficients, all measured in both tension and compression in three principle directions of a plate, were reproduced by the model. The results obtained were found to be comparable to prior attempts to optimize the model parameters manually.


On the basis of an analysis of SQL , this paper presents the database structure and application method for general database dynamic query. The program code is provided as well.


In European travel literature, interiors and domestic spaces have received little critical attention. This practice-led study explores the nature of writing about domestic encounters and domestic spaces used by two female travel writers, Freya Stark (1893-1993) and Ella Maillart (1903-1997). Their works suggest the possibility of an alternative relationship between author and subject, with a point of view permitting the observation of rich ethnographic details and attention to everyday life and everyday women. The study includes a work of creative non-fiction based on travels in kitchens in Iran and far west China.


Abstract "Blooming" is the name given to the crystallization of compounding ingredients usually on the surface of a stock, cured or uncured, accompanied by the migration of the substance from the bulk to the surface. Almost all ingredients which are soluble in rubber possess the capacity to bloom: sulfur, selenium, many accelerators, antioxidants, organic pigments, fatty acids and so on. Blooming reduces the tackiness of the stock, which causes difficulties in forming multi-ply articles (tires, belts, etc.). To restore tackiness the bloomed substances are washed off with a solvent, and in cases of particularly intense blooming the surface is wet with rubber solvents. The need for these operations reduces labor productivity and hinders automation. In the production of molded articles blooming of ingredients causes nonuniform stresses to be set up. Blooming is a cause of rejection in production (stains on overcoat fabric, on the surface of colored rubbers and so on) and greatly harms production. However, in...


: This study aims to reveal the monotheism evidence in the Quranic verses, which has rejected the presence of another god with Allah, ( this evidence was known as an oppositeness evidence and it was called Altamanu in the old islamic theology and it included the concept of impossibility ) which was presented by the theologians in the early Islamic times,as the current study aims to find out the truth of this evidence, and on another side this study tries to answer this question: Are the Quranic verses provided us with proof of certainty or they provided us only a rhetorical evidence for persuasion using a mode of reasoning by which the mind of the listener is convinced by a statement even it lacks the required demonstration of proof , which opens the door to say the existence of fallacies in the argument of Quranic structure. This study discusses the arguments presented by the theologians of old theology when they drafted the impossibility evidence and the ability of these arguments to prove monotheism, so this study aims to reveal the relationship between verbal arguments and the truth of the Quranic verses On the other hand, this study reveals the fallacies reasoning in theology as well as fallacies of the latecomers philosophers and the latecomers followers of Ahmad ibn Hanbal when they discussed the oppositeness evidence(Altamanu).


The present invention relates to a deposition apparatus for depositing a deposition material on a substrate to improve deposition film characteristics. Provided are an organic light emitting display apparatus and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the organic light emitting display apparatus comprises: a deposition source facing the substrate and emitting the deposition material; a patterning slit sheet which has a slit to deposit a desired pattern on the substrate and is disposed to face the substrate; a frame coupled with the patterning slit sheet; and a stage for supporting the frame and combined with the frame, in which a spaced area is formed between the frame and the stage.


This paper presents numerical solution to two shape design problems of unsteady forced heat-convection fields to control temperature to a prescribed distribution. In the first problem, the square error integral between the actual temperature distributions and the prescribed temperature distributions on the prescribed sub-domains during the specified period of time is used as the objective functional. In the second problem, a multi-objective shape optimization problem using normalized objective functional is formulated for the temperature distribution prescribed problem and the total dissipated energy minimization problem in the unsteady forced heat-convection fields. Shape gradient of these shape design problems is derived theoretically using the Lagrange multiplier method, adjoint variable method, and the formulae of the material derivative. Reshaping is carried out by the traction method proposed as an approach to solving shape optimization problems. Numerical analyses program for the shape design is developed based on FreeFem++, and the validity of proposed method is confirmed by results of 2D numerical analyses.


The differential-geometric and topological structure of Delsarte transmutation operators and their associated Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko type eqautions are studied along with classical Dirac type operator and its multidimensional affine extension, related with selfdual Yang-Mills eqautions. The construction of soliton-like solutions to the related set of nonlinear dynamical system is discussed.


【Objective】 Dry matter production and partitioning is the base of external quality formation of cut chrysanthemum.A simulation model was developed to predict the biomass production,dry weight of organs and shoots.This model was developed to look at the optimization of crop and climate management for greenhouse production of standard cut chrysanthemum.【Method】A model of dry matter production and partitioning of standard cut chrysanthemum in greenhouse was developed based on the effects of temperature and radiation on chrysanthemum growth using physiological product of thermal effectiveness and PAR(PTEP)as prediction index.Experiments with different varieties and planting dates were carried out in greenhouses to collect data to develop and validate the model.【Result】The results show that the simulated values agreed well with the observed ones.The determination coefficient(R2)and root mean squared error(RMSE)between the simulated and the measured value based on the 1:1 line for biomass production,dry weight of leaf,stem and flower,and fresh weight of shoot per plant were,respectively,0.97,0.97,0.97,0.83,0.99;67.5 g·m-2,22.4 g·m-2,28.2 g·m-2,15.4 g·m-2 and 3.73 g/plant.For the prediction of biomass production,the prediction accuracy of the PTEP based model is significantly higher than that of the photosynthesis driven crop growth model(R2 and RMSE were 0.82 and 274.68 g·m-2,respectively).【Conclusion】 Based on the results obtained in this study,it can be concluded that the model developed can give a satisfactory prediction of standard cut chrysanthemum biomass production and partitioning.The model developed in this study is more applicable than the photosynthesis driven crop growth model for the optimization of climate and crop management for standard cut chrysanthemum production in greenhouses.


Modal adverbs are special grammatical constituents,and are always associated with pragmatic factors.These adverbs can be placed not only in dynamic sentences,but also in static phrases.They may have different pragmatic functions when placed in different syntactic positions.Within a theoretical framework based on the X-bar theory and the Theory of Clausal Pivot,this paper has analyzed the syntactic and pragmatic differences of modal adverbs in different syntactic positions.It is further argued that,according the Principle of Generalized Leftward Merger,those modal adverbs are all added to the left of various syntactic nodes such as VP,vP and TP,and it does not have to be put to the left of a full sentence.


With the development of modern industry,much attention has been paid to human and animal diseases caused by heavy metal pollution,livestock and poultry meat occupies an important position in the human food composition,with the improvement of living standards,people′s safety and pollution-free livestock and poultry meat production consciousness is continuously strengthen,from the requirement for livestock and poultry meet amount change to the requirement for meat quality. Heavy metal pollution of food has drawn great attention and further research all over the world,this paper expounded from the harm of heavy metals to human body,the source of heavy metal pollution,monitoring measures of livestock and poultry meat heavy metal residues and so on,so as to provide reference for quality and safety supervision of livestock and poultry meat.


At times an article raises controversies, being praised by one reviewer and strongly opposed by another. This was the case with the two articles submitted by the Sleep Research Laboratory of the University of Chicago. Several experts in the field disagreed about the methodology: could the technique used properly detect and quantify fast EEG waves such as spindles coincident with, and riding on the top of, delta? Should other manipulations have been done before performing period-amplitude analysis? Several revisions later, due to controversies still present, the editorial decision was made to publish the two articles and let the readership judge for itself. We also asked Dr. Ktonas, who had not been involved in the controversy, to review the different opinions expressed and to write an editorial outlining the points raised by the reviewers.


 ABSTRACT One of the directions improving the efficiency of communication networks with the ability to self-organization is the choice of rational route information transmission from sender to recipient. In the course of the analysis it was established that the existing scientific approaches for forecasting the state of the routes have high computational complexity, which prevents them from predicting the state of the transmission routes in real time. Therefore, the authors of this research conducted a methodology for forecasting the time overload of data transmission routes in mobile radio networks of radio networks with the possibility of self-organization. As the basic mathematical device, the neural network of Elman was used based on the calculation of the network neuron potential. The essence of the proposed method is to decide on the search for new routes based on the predicted time of overloading data transmission routes in mobile radio networks with the possibility of self-organization. The proposed method allows to predict the time of overloading of data transmission routes in mobile radio networks with the possibility of self-organization by reducing the computational complexity of the neural network and application of the algorithm for training the neural network. It is advisable to use the proposed methodology in radio communication with programmable architecture by developing appropriate software, which will increase the efficiency of choosing a route of data transmission in radio communication networks with the ability to


In a conventional parking system that is currently still widely used, vehicle owners must show the parking card or the receipt for the parking hours, so that the fee will be paid. In this experimental study, a parking system was developed by utilizing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology based on a microcontroller control system. The use of this technology makes it possible to make a subscription parking system that is served automatically and flexibly by a parking lot. RFID has data information that can be used as a user's identity to enter the parking area. In this research, parking system design and implementation were made by simulating a miniature portal door system to enter and exit vehicles on campus using RFID cards/tags as subscription IDs. AT89C51 microcontroller is used as a system controller. By using this RFID technology, the parking subscription system becomes more flexible and faster.


Recent spectroscopy and photometry of the planetary nebula N66 (SMP83) in the Large Magellanic Cloud show a continuing evolution, with a central WR spectrum becoming more visible. The planetary nebula shell and WR star have velocities with differ by ~240 km s-1. Properties of this interesting object are reviewed, and we discuss its possible X-ray detection by ROSAT.


The measured undercooling of pure Sn was about 30 °C due to the difficulty of nucleating a solid β-Sn phase from a liquid phase. To promote the heterogeneous nucleation of β-Sn phases, the addition of impurity elements to the solders was suggested. Among the impurity elements, alloying elements with hexagonal closed packed (hcp) structures, such as Co, Zn, Ti, and Mg, were found effective to enhance heterogeneous nucleation of β-Sn phases in Sn-rich solders. Calculations of the density functional theory indicate that the interfacial energy between β-Sn and Zn was relatively low. Minor alloying elements with hcp crystals are expected to provide more favorable heterogeneous nucleation sites for β-Sn phases.


Restructuring [perestroika] is under way in the country's vocational schools. A good deal has been done. The situation is complicated by the fact that everything that has been done needs to be reliably and objectively recorded and measured. In order to make considered judgments, we need a fundamentally new information base on the restructuring of education, one that is geared not only to numbers but also draws on the regular investigation of public opinion with respect to all issues in restructuring, and on a careful analysis of various statements—especially those of the "extreme left" or the "extreme right."


Abstract One hundred and twenty-seven white male alcoholics, treated in a rural setting, were assigned to one of two groups. Seventy-three subjects received intensive aftercare by Community Psychiatric nurse and fifty-four control subjects received standard aftercare with outpatient appointments. Subjects were assessed one year after treatment. Fifty-four per cent of those given Community Psychiatric Nurse follow-up were completely abstinent compared with twenty per cent of those in the control group. Those receiving Community Psychiatric Nurse follow-up were less likely to have blackouts, hospital admissions or marital discord in the year following treatment. They were more likely to attend hospital meetings regularly. This form of aftercare is an effective way of maximising the benefits of expensive inpatient treatment.


Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has been developed to be one of the most popular chronic joint disease in elder. Muscle shrink or force reduction of lower limb muscles such as gastrocnemius and quadriceps is a pathogenic factor about KOA. Therefore, imaging techniques such as MRI and CT for observing muscles morphological difference become popular in diagnosing KOA in clinic. However, the image information in different populations may vary according to age, weight, sex, and may be influenced by the subjective judgment according to doctor's experience. Viscoelasticity is a quantitative indicator for assessing the biomechanical properties of muscle, but there's lack of research to describe the relationship between viscoelasticity of lower limb muscles and KOA. The purpose of this study is to discuss the difference of viscoelasticity during lower limb muscles paining. We designed an experiment called muscle perfusion to simulate the muscle pain of KOA patients, and measured the lower limb muscles' viscoelasticity using shear-wave dispersion ultra-sound vibrometry (SDUV). Besides, we detected the viscoelasticity changes of a volunteer who had lower limb pain (which was similar to the symptom of KOA) during Fu's Subcutaneous Needling (FSN) treatment. Results show that during FSN treatment as well as perfusion, the elasticity and viscosity of lower limb muscles changed significantly, showing that viscoelasticity was a potential quantitative index to diagnose and qualify the disease of KOA.


User profiling technology is discussed based on the diversity and randomness of user demands. The key technologies, which include profile initialization and updating, are researched. The user profile is expressed in form of vector space model. It's built using centroid-based classification method. User's browsing behaviors are analyzed to get feedback implicitly, calculating the documents degrees. A periodic adaptive learning mechanism based on Rocchio algorithm is put forward. The profile's capability to dynamic track user needs is verified using satisfaction as evaluation indicator in experiments.


Paleoseismological data for the Wasatch and San Andreas fault zones have led to the formulation of the characteristic earthquake model, which postulates that individual faults and fault segments tend to generate essentially same size or characteristic earthquakes having a relatively narrow range of magnitudes near the maximum. Analysis of scarp-derived colluvium in trench exposures across the Wasatch fault provides estimates of the timing and displacement associated with individual surface faulting earthquakes. At all of the sites studied, the displacement per event has been consistently large; measured values range from 1.6 to 2.6 m, and the average is about 2 m. On the basis of variability in the timing of individual events as well as changes in scarp morphology and fault geometry, six major segments are recognized along the Wasatch fault. On the basis of the most likely number of surface faulting events (18) that have occurred on segments of the Wasatch fault zone during the past 8000 years, an average recurrence interval of 400–666 years with a preferred average of 444 years is calculated for the entire zone. Geologic data on the distribution of slip associated with prehistoric earthquakes and slip rates along the south-central segment of the San Andreas fault suggest that the M 8 1857 earthquake is a characteristic earthquake for this segment. Comparisons of earthquake recurrence relationships on both the Wasatch and San Andreas faults based on historical seismicity data and geologic data show that a linear (constant b value) extrapolation of the cumulative recurrence curve from the smaller magnitudes leads to gross underestimates of the frequency of occurrence of the large or characteristic earthquakes. Only by assuming a low b value in the moderate magnitude range can the seismicity data on small earthquakes be reconciled with geologic data on large earthquakes. The characteristic earthquake appears to be a fundamental aspect of the behavior of the Wasatch and San Andreas faults and may apply to many other faults as well.


Mark P. Bulriss made some big promises 14 months ago when he joined Great Lakes Chemical Corp. as president and chief executive officer. Now, employees, competitors, and analysts are watching to see if he will deliver on them. Bulriss, 47, has his work cut out for him. Great Lakes was a specialty chemical success story for almost two decades under the leadership of Emerson Kampen, a legendary opportunist who, building on a base in brominated flame retardants, routinely delivered shareholders 20% annual earnings growth and big stock price increases. However, Kampen operated Great Lakes with intuition and a firm hand, but not a lot of planning. When he stepped down for medical reasons in 1994, he left the company without the clear direction and leadership necessary to keep its growth engine going. Great Lakes' stock price began to fall, and in 1996 it reported its first earnings decline in more than 10 years. ...


Background Apoptosis caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to atherothrombosis, the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). T‐cell death‐associated gene 51 (TDAG51), a member of the pleckstrin homology‐like domain gene family, is induced by ER stress, causes apoptosis when overexpressed, and is present in lesion‐resident macrophages and endothelial cells. Methods and Results To study the role of TDAG51 in atherosclerosis, male mice deficient in TDAG51 and apolipoprotein E (TDAG51−/−/ApoE−/−) were generated and showed reduced atherosclerotic lesion growth (56±5% reduction at 40 weeks, relative to ApoE−/− controls, P<0.005) and necrosis (41±4% versus 63±8% lesion area in TDAG51−/−/ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−, respectively; P<0.05) without changes in plasma levels of lipids, glucose, and inflammatory cytokines. TDAG51 deficiency caused several phenotypic changes in macrophages and endothelial cells that increase cytoprotection against oxidative and ER stress, enhance PPARγ‐dependent reverse cholesterol transport, and upregulate peroxiredoxin‐1 (Prdx‐1), an antioxidant enzyme with antiatherogenic properties (1.8±0.1‐fold increase in Prdx‐1 protein expression, relative to control macrophages; P<0.005). Two independent case–control studies found that a genetic variant in the human TDAG51 gene region (rs2367446) is associated with CVD (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.24; P=0.0003). Conclusions These findings provide evidence that TDAG51 affects specific cellular pathways known to reduce atherogenesis, suggesting that modulation of TDAG51 expression or its activity may have therapeutic benefit for the treatment of CVD.


STREAT is a hybrid social enterprise that has been designed to respond to young people who are homeless or experiencing homelessness to participate in a traineeship that can lead them into future long term employment options. STREAT's first intake of trainees graduated in September 2010. STREAT is a good example of integrated response to address homelessness by training and providing gainful employment, wherein the business component is merged with the social support component adding value to the homelessness service system.


A case of pulmonary aspergillosis treated as pulmonary tuberculosis for many years has been discussed. The character of the sputum and the persistantly negative examination for tubercle bacilli led to repeated cultures of the sputum with the aspergillus fumigatus finally being recovered. Treatment with sulfathiazole and potassium iodide has produced complete cure within 5 months.


The dependency of the surface-to-volume coordination number upon particle size has been obtained by an analytical function based upon our previous work, and a model for melting temperature as a function of size is presented. This expression for the melting temperature is a nonlinear relation in terms of the reciprocal of size. Also, the geometrical characteristics of nanoclusters have been applied to our general equation for the melting temperature of nanoparticles. It was found that the results of considering the geometrical characteristics of nanoclusters are in good agreement with the melting temperature achieved by the derived analytical function. Finally, this model has been compared with other theoretical models as well as the available experimental data. The predictions are consistent with the experimental data.


This paper tells us the politeness of a sentence is decided not only by the culture,custom but also by the relation,personal state of mind of the speaker and the listemer,so it poses the situations in which the polite language is used.


This Insights in the Women's Health series describes the availability, timing, and risks of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnant individuals who have HIV infection.


Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as an unexpected natural death from a cardiovascular (CV) cause that occurs within 1 hour of symptom onset [1]. Globally SCDs account for 15–20% of all deaths. In the USA and Europe the highest annual incidence of SCD, ranging from 50 to 100 per 100 000 persons, is noted [2]. Nowadays SCD remains an important clinical and public health issue. SCD is the consequence of complex interaction between upstream determinants (such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, CV risks factors and genetic predisposition), a variety of cardiac conditions and environmental triggers [3]. 80% cases of SCD occur as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD); consequently, risk factors of CAD also predispose to SCD [4]. Other important risk factors for SCD are diabetes mellitus (DMt2)[5] and heart failure (HF)[6]. In most cases SCDs result from ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF)[7]. Fatal ventricular arrhythmias in patients with CAD are mainly associated with two mechanisms: acute coronary ischemia, generally resulting from plaque rupture; and re-entry associated with areas of slow conduction and previous myocardial scarring[8]. Statins are the most effective drugs used to reduce endogenous production of cholesterol[9]. Besides their lipid-lowering effects, statins exhibit pleiotropic properties such as anti-inflammatory[10], antioxidant [11], antihypertrophic and antifibrotic effects, which might play a role in CV protection[12]. Statins can slow the progression or even induce regression of atherosclerosis [13], which may reduce myocardial ischemia, which can cause ventricular arrhythmias, and in consequence reduce the risk of SCD [14]. Large scale clinical trials indicated that statins reduce CV morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations [15]. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to synthesize the results of recent studies on the influence of statin therapy on sudden cardiac death.


A comparison experiment of 14 rice varieties was carried out by wide field trial.The performances of new varieties such as growing periods,tillering behavior and percentage of ear-bearing tiller,main economical characters and yields were studied.The results indicated that eight new varieties named pearl glutinous,silver hsien 2024,qingliangyouxiang 916,teliangyouxiang 916,two Superior 330 and two Superior 1511 had shorter growing periods,higher percentage of ear-bearing tiller,better economical characters and higher yield.So these varieties may be planted widely once they passed the variety certification.


Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins or G proteins have been shown to couple cell-surface receptors to second messenger effector systems such as adenylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase in a variety of cells. G,(N,), Gi(Ni), G,(N,), and transducin, are composed of three subunits, a, j3, and y , and the a subunits are specifically ADP-ribosylated by the bacterial enzymes cholera toxin or pertussis toxin. Resolved by Na.dodecyl.S04 (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the (Y subunits have apparent molecular weights (M, ) of 39,000 to 52,000. Kopf and colleagues' and our laboratory2 have shown the presence of pertussis toxin substrates in spermatozoan membranes of M , 39,000 to M , 41 ,000. Here, we show that the structure of these pertussis toxin substrates is similar, but not the same in invertebrate, lower vertebrate, or mammalian spermatozoa. In addition, partial peptide maps of porcine spermatozoan M , 41,000 protein and the a subunit of porcine brain Gi(G,i) are identical. It was shown previously that the chymotryptic map of sea urchin M , 39,000 protein was identical to brain Ciao2.


The Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on board the HINODE satellite is used to examine the loop system described in Marsh et al. by applying spectroscopic diagnostic methods. A simple isothermal mapping algorithm is applied to determine where the assumption of isothermal plasma may be valid, and the emission measure locii technique is used to determine the temperature profile along the base of the loop system. It is found that, along the base, the loop has a uniform temperature profile with a mean temperature of 0.89 ± 0.09 MK which is in agreement with the temperature determined seismologically in Marsh et al., using observations interpreted as the slow magnetoacoustic mode. The results further strengthen the slow mode interpretation, propagation at a uniform sound speed, and the analysis method applied in Marsh et al. It is found that it is not possible to discriminate between the slow mode phase speed and the sound speed within the precision of the present observations.


Provided is a process for the formation of 2-nitropropane and/or 2,2-dinitropropane by the nitration of propane with dilute nitric acid.


This paper examines the Nigeria's electoral process and the recent decisions by the electoral tribunals. The Study adopts content analysis as its methodology. The major thrust of the paper is to investigate the extent to which the abysmal failure of the country's electoral system has affected democracy in Nigeria, as well as the efforts of the electoral tribunals to remedy the situation. The paper argues that Nigeria's electoral process has been characterized by agitation, consternation and fiasco which has coerced many observers to querry if Nigeria will ever succeed in conducting credible elections in future. It further argues that the members of the electoral tribunals that were expected to be the last hope of the common man compromised at various times in the discharge of their duties, particularly in the 2007 general elections. This ugly trend therefore raises yet another question in the country's preparedness to correct her past electoral woes. The paper however concludes that, it is only when the stakeholders are determined to shun acts capable of truncating the electoral process and the quest for consolidation of democracy that Nigeria would achieve the desired socio-economic development.


Disodium edetate (0.01%), either alone or in combination with ascorbic acid (0.1%) was an effective stabilizer for isoprenaline injection B.P. but adjustment to pH 2.8 was necessary. The bubbling of nitrogen through the solution in the ampoule before sealing did not prevent degradation in unprotected solutions.


Hydrogen and some divalent cations block Na channels in a voltage-dependent manner (Woodhull 1973; Ulbricht and Wagner 1975; Mozhayeva et al. 1981, 1982a; Begenisich and Danko 1983). The potential-dependence of this blockage suggests that the binding site for blocking ions is situated in the pore at some fractional distance (<5) from the outside (Woodhull 1973). Alkaloid aconitine has been shown to reduce o for H blockage from about 0.4 to 0.15 (Mozhayeva et al. 1982b). The aim of the present work was to compare the potential dependence of Ca blocks in normal and aconitine-modified Na channels. Experiments were carried out on single myelinated fibres of Rana ridibunda under voltage clamp conditions (Mozhayeva et al. 1977). External solutions contained (in mmol/1): 110 NaCl, 2 or 30 CaCl2, 8 tetraethylammonium chloride, 5 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl; pH 7.5. The internodes were cut in isotonic KF solution. Application of 10" mol/1 aconitine to the node was accompanied by repetitive stimulation (10 Hz, 2 ms). The "instantaneous" currents were determined in response to postpulses of different amplitudes following the test pulse of a constant amplitude opening nearly all Na channels, were recorded. These currents were extrapolated to the time of switching potential from test pulse tc postpulses. The setting time of the clamp membrane potential did not exceed 20 fis. Linear current components were subtracted using P/4 program; control pulses started from holding potential. Figs. 1 and 2 show the "instantaneous" current-voltage relations of normal and aconitine-modified Na channels in solutions with 2 or 30 mmol/1 Ca ions, and the calculated pK(Ca), respectively. pK(Ca) values were calculated by equation


Silica in amorphous form is one of the fillers that is indispensable for the industrial world, especially for the superior material industry. Amorphous silica in the form of cristobalite compounds are inert, soft, and have high porosity which is suitable to be used as certain filler materials. This research describes about the characterization of amorphous silica produced from the pyrolysis process of emulsifier silicon. The pyrolysis process was carried out in three-stages, starting from the separation of water, separation of the emulsifier material from silica compound at a temperature of 300oC followed by pyrolysis at a temperature of 700 oC. In this process, amorphous silica and carbon are formed at the end of the pyrolysis process. In this study, characterization was carried out using XRD to determine the phase of the composition of the compound, SEM EDX to determine the morphology, and XRF analysis to determine the purity of product composition. The results of the XRD shows that the amorphous silica formed. SEM-EDX analysis shows that the amorphous silica has spherical fine grain with average particle size 0.30006 ± 0.01722 |am. It was supported by XRF analysis that shows that the amorphous silica has SiO2 content 99,92%.


In one of his contributions to The Nation, Peirce claims that ―Crystal clearness, such as we justly require in mathematics, in law, in economics, is in philosophy the characteristic of the second-rates.‖ The statement might seem paradoxical enough: isn't Peirce the author of How to Make our Ideas Clear (hereafter: HMIC), the seminal paper for the pragmatist tradition, a paper that is sure to be included in each and every anthology of American thought? How can clearness then be ―the characteristic of the second-rates‖? I take it that these perplexities arise only in a superficial reading of HMIC and that the present quote tells quite a lot about Peirce's doctrine and style.My first section concerns the method one should adopt in philosophy according to Peirce and explains in part why belief and doubt play such an important role in the Illustrations series. The second one concerns the kind of problems Peirce felt attracted to and how we can make sense of what he says about the ―"strongest" thinkers.


Abstract : The precise cause for concrete damage observed in the vicinity of parked B-1 and F/A-18 aircraft has been determined. The combination of downward- directed auxiliary power unit (APU) blast and spilled aircraft oils are responsible for the scaling observed at these sites. Laboratory tests confirmed that ester-based lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids are chemically reacting with the calcium hydroxide in the concrete and destroying the mortar-aggregate bonds. The cyclic heating of the pavement by the APU greatly accelerates the reaction and facilitates the mixing and refluxing of aircraft fluids with the aqueous calcium hydroxide present. A variety of sophisticated tests were conducted to verify these findings, including X-ray diffraction and mass spectroscopy. In addition, the damage observed at military installations was duplicated under controlled laboratory conditions. After five weeks of subjecting a test slab to cyclic heat and jet oils, damage similar to that observed in the field was produced.


The transverse correlation of triphoton entanglement generated within a single crystal is analyzed. Among many interesting features of the transverse correlation, they arise from the spectral function F of the triphoton state produced in the parametric processes. One consequence of transverse effects of entangled states is quantum imaging, which is theoretically studied in photon counting measurements. Klyshko's two-photon advanced-wave picture is found to be applicable to the multiphoton entanglement with some modifications. We found that in the two-photon coincidence counting measurement by using triphoton entanglement, although the Gaussian thin lens equation (GTLE) holds, the imaging shown in coincidences is obscure and has a poor quality. This is because of tracing the remaining transverse modes in the untouched beam. In the triphoton imaging experiments, two kinds of cases have been examined. For the case that only one object with one thin lens is placed in the system, we found that the GTLE holds as expected in the triphoton coincidences and the effective distance between the lens and imaging plane is the parallel combination of two distances between the lens and two detectors weighted by wavelengths, which behaves as the parallel combination of resistors in the electromagnetism theory. Only in this case,more » a point-point correspondence for forming an image is well-accomplished. However, when two objects or two lenses are inserted in the system, though the GTLEs are well-satisfied, in general a point-point correspondence for imaging cannot be established. Under certain conditions, two blurred images may be observed in the coincidence counts. We have also studied the ghost interference-diffraction experiments by using double slits as apertures in triphoton entanglement. It was found that when two double slits are used in two optical beams, the interference-diffraction patterns show unusual features compared with the two-photon case. This unusual behavior is a destructive interference between two amplitudes for two photons crossing two double slits.« less


The socio-political and cultural upheavals in the United States and the world since 2000 have pushed religion to the forefront of news headlines and public consciousness, but they have not ushered a paradigm shift in the sociology of religion. The classical Weberian secularization thesis postulating the differentiation of religion from other spheres and the concomitant decline of religious meaning and authority in individual lives and public culture still hovers in the background as the frame from within which many sociologists make sense of religion's societal presence. The prospect that a new paradigm was emerging in the early 1990s (Warner 1993) as a result of the increased prominence of the religious economy model (e.g., Finke and Stark 1992; 2002) did not fully eventuate. Nonetheless, its assumptions of a competitive religious marketplace characterized by nimble, entrepreneurial religious suppliers who cater to particular religious demands and create particular religious niches continue to energize many scholars who use it to explain certain sociohistorical instances of religious pluralism and participation, or alternatively to contest or modify its claims. Religion today presents a Janus-faced reality. This is especially so in the United States where its institutional presence is persistently strong, religious ideas and discourse actively permeate culture and politics, and a large majority of individuals anchor their identity in a religious or spiritual tradition. At the same time, religious beliefs, practices, and affiliations are fluid and malleable, religious authority is contested even by those who are among the most committed to church, and for many, religion is worn like a light cloak that can be discarded at will. Given that overall there has been much Heaven's Kitchen: Living Religion at God's Love We Deliver, by Courtney Bender. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2003. 192pp. $20.00 paper. ISBN: 9780226042824.


Family planning implementation in Xinggou Township of Donggou County, Liaoning Province, and Shanghai, China is discussed. The successful approach in Liaoning Province was the 1984 establishment of central households for family planning, in which women of childbearing age are gathered together for FP activities. The female head of the household is designated as group leader of the central household, and must be of high prestige, honest, a good organizer, fairly well educated, and enthusiastic about FP. As a result, the planned birth rate has been maintained at 100% since 1985. In 1989 there were only 11 induced abortions. Among all women of childbearing age, 90% were IUD users. The central households have been commended for their accomplishments. In recent years, the education of women of childbearing age was attained. Learning covered basic population theory, healthy birthing and child rearing, laws and regulations on FP, the trend in population growth, and awareness of resources/per capita. Farmers favored science films, FP lectures, knowledge competitions, and performances. Another accomplishment was in the combining FP information with information on economic development. As a result of information dissemination, farmers learned about local resources and production information such as farming techniques and processing of agricultural products. A complete information network was formed by group leaders, Fp workers, and other people. Central households provide contraceptive and birth control services, childbearing and child rearing support, a babysitting service, and a medical service for women and children. Family planning success in Shanghai, China is evidenced in the birth rate in 1990 of 10.25/1000, a rate of natural increase of 3.51/1000, and recognition as the best in the country. Family planning target administration begun in 1989, publicity, and education contributed to the success. Publicity workers are effective. By 1990 5 million had received basic FP information. The government of Shanghai Municipality has maintained continuity and stability of FP policy, and with the implementation of new regulations in August 1990, by April 1991 unplanned births dropped by 61.7%.


With the growth of user popularity of online music platforms, the amount of music data and the demands on accurate recommendation system for music also increases. Therefore, an accurate and efficient recommendation system is urgently needed. In this paper, a music recommendation system based on fusion deep learning models is proposed. Both of the audio information and lyrics data are originally exploited. A supervised training method is applied to train this model with annotated data. In this paper, the result of the test dataset shows that the proposed model can achieve more than 90% accuracy performance on average.


Continuous phase modulation (CPM) scheme enjoys lots of advantages comparing to linear modulation methods. But it's a pity that CPM signals are hard to receive because of its complexity and its synchronous algorithm. With the study of CPM, some special phase points can be found, where the phase character only depends on the frequency jitter. A fast convergent frequency estimate algorithm is proposed upon the special points. Computer simulations show that the algorithm provides a perfect performance with low complexity.


Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is one of the most important arrhythmias among the various hearth abnormalities. Premature depolarization of the myocardium in the ventricular region causes PVC and it is usually associated with structural heart conditions. Arrhythmias can be detected by examining the ECG signal and this review requires large-size data to be examined by physicians. The time spent by the physician in examining the signal can be reduced using CAD systems. In this study, we propose a high performance PVC detection system using the feature extraction and classification scheme bringing low computational burden. The test set consisting of 81844 beats from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database was used for the experimental results. We compared the performances of the various classifiers using proposed feature set in the experiments and obtained classification accuracy of 98.71% using NN classifier.


This article presents a novel approach for designing dual‐ and tri‐band bandpass filters with independently controlled center frequencies and bandwidths. λ/4 and λ/2 resonators are used to obtain dual‐ and tri‐band responses. λ/4 resonators are designed to operate at the lower passband(s) and λ/2 resonators are designed to operate at the higher passband. The bandwidth of each passband can be tuned independently by adjusting the coupling gap. To verify the presented concept, two experimental examples of filters have been designed and fabricated and good agreements are shown between the simulation and the measurement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 638–641, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24111


Acoustic resonance characteristics in a BWR steam dome are investigated analytically and experimentally to evaluate the acoustic vibration of a steam dryer. Acoustic modes and frequencies of the ABWR, which represents the BWRs in this study, are calculated by the SYSNOISE code. The lowest mode (32 Hz) is a half stand wave anti-symmetric mode to the center line of the steam dome at normal condition. Acoustic pressure distributions and phases on the steam dryer surface are analyzed for evaluating the vibration driving force of the structure. Acrylic 1/11 scale model tests are performed to verify the acoustic analysis and to develop the acoustic damping system. The experimental frequencies and modes agree with analysis ones for low frequencies. Experimentally, the acoustic pressure amplitude is significantly lowered using the Helmholtz resonators after tuning up the acoustic resonant frequency of the resonator to the acoustic resonant frequency of the main system. (authors)


To identify efficient dredged‐material disposal management strategies for the Delaware River navigation system near Philadelphia, the system operation problem is formulated and solved as a generalized minimum cost network flow programming problem. This formulation represents material sources and available disposal sites as nodes of the network and transportation links and carry‐over storages as arcs. The dewatering, consolidation, and densification of dredged material is modeled with an arc gain factor, thereby allowing reduction of the total volume of material within the network but requiring use of a network‐with‐gains algorithm for solution of the operation problem. Application of the model defines cost‐efficient dynamic schemes for allocation of material to available disposal sites. A generalized computer program was developed to define automatically the nodes, arcs, and parameters of the arcs of the network, given a description of the dredged‐material disposal system. Structured analysis and structur...


We describe, fabricate and demonstrate multi-slotted silicon nanophotonic waveguides, comprised of four low index slots etched longitudinally along the waveguide. The computed modal profiles are well described by supermode theory. We have measured the group index of refraction of the waveguide in the TE and TM polarizations.


Objective: to assess the health impact of air pollution in Brazilian cities and to select effect indicators for surveillance purposes. Methods: based on hospital inpatient and fine particulate matter (PM10) data, a study was performed using time series models, in particular Generalized Additive Models with Poisson regression to estimate the impact of air pollution on health. We analyzed hospital admissions for total respiratory illnesses (TRI), admissions for respiratory diseases in children under 5 years old (RDC) and admissions for cardiovascular diseases in adults (CVD) in 21 cities. The best effect indicator was selected based on the proportion of statistically significant results. Results: we found a significant relationship in 81% of locations for TRI, 89% for RDC and 50% for CVD. Conclusions: significant relationships were found for most cities. RDC were considered the best effect indicator, closely followed by TRI. Both can therefore be used for surveillance purposes.


The article analyses the ruinous destiny and patrimonial strategies of two places used in contexts of violence: Patio 29 of the General Cemetery of Santiago de Chile and the niches of the Columbarios of the Central Cemetery of Bogotá in Colombia. The premise underlying this article is that although heritage administrations are inspired by a positivist idea of memory, they have been ineffective in avoiding processes of ruinification of both places. This investigation shows that there are natural and social processes that contradict patrimonial principles, leading to ruin as an outcome. In the tension between patrimonial principles and social processes, the ruin, due to its controversial nature, historicizes the places and allows to update the narratives around the memory. The article concludes that ruins – as materiality, affect and narrative memory – are an expression of these contradictions within society.


This paper presents a novel locomotion control framework that achieves stable galloping gait for a torque-controlled quadruped robot. By analytically exploiting the stance dynamics of the Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model, a two-layered Dual-SLIP model based Task-space Formulation (DS-TSF) is developed to control the 12-DoF quadruped robot with an active spine. On the higher layer, a dead-beat controller based on the derived Approximate Apex Return Map (AARM) with guaranteed high prediction accuracy is devised to provide desired apex state. This reference SLIP-like behavior serves as the target Center of Mass (CoM) trajectories of the fore- and hind-body of the quadruped robot. On the lower layer, a prioritized multi-task controller is further developed to enforce the dual-CoMs of the fore- and hind-body to behave following the target dynamics of two uncoupled SLIP hoppers on sagittal plane. The compatible motion control of the active spinal joint is fulfilled on the null-space of the prior task without generating confliction. The simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed locomotion control method.


BANON, G. P. R. Computed-aid radiographic measurements of cardiac silhouette in Poodle dogs with mitral valve insufficiency. [Mensuracoes radiograficas computadorizadas da silhueta cardiaca em caes da raca Poodle portadores de insuficiencia valvar mitral]. 2012. 271 p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciencias) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2012. Radiographic measurement methods, Vertebral Heart Size (VHS), angle between long axis of the heart and sternum (angle) and normalized cardiac area (NCA), were evaluated in clinical trials of Poodles with mitral valve insufficiency (MVI). Seventy four sets of thoracic radiographs of Poodles were allotted to two groups: (I) normal cardiopulmonary structures (n = 18) and (II) from patients with proven cardiac disease (n = 56), confirmed by echocardiography to be caused by MVI. According to ecocardiographic classification, group II was subdivided in four subgroups: (IIa) mild (n = 4), (IIb) moderate (n = 7), (IIc) severe (n = 28) and (IId) absent (n = 17) left atrial enlargement (LAE). Measurements were performed by one experienced veterinary radiologist (A) and one trainee (B) in right lateral view. The measurements of A were used as reference. For VHS, there were significant differences between group I and groups II (P < 0.001), IIb (P < 0.05) and IIc (P < 0.001). The optimal threshold value mean was 9.85v and the median accuracy of 78.34%. There were significant differences in the measurements between A and B in groups I (P < 0.05) and II (P < 0.001). For angle, there were significant differences between group I and groups II (P < 0.05) and IIc (P < 0.05). The optimal threshold value mean was 60.57 and the median accuracy of 77.57%. There were significant differences in the measurements between A and B in groups I (P < 0.001) and II (P < 0.001). For NCA, there were significant differences between group I and groups II (P < 0.001), IIb (P < 0.05), IIc (P < 0.001) and IId (P < 0.05). The optimal threshold value mean was 18.81v and the median accuracy of 80.42%. There were significant differences in the measurements between A and B in groups I (P < 0.05) and II (P < 0.001). The VHS' performance in clinical trials of Poodles with MVI was regular. It mainly identified generalized cardiac enlargement. The angle's performance in clinical trials was low. It only recognized generalized cardiac enlargement. The NCA's performance in clinical trials was good. It identified specific LAE and early changes in heart shape. To determine optimal threshold, sensitivity was prioritized, to the detriment of specificity. The reproducibility seemed to be related to the level of experience.


This study used hard-part analyses from scats (n = 117) and stomachs (n = 3) to investigate the diet of high Arctic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) living on Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard, in early autumn. Additionally, it compared the results of fatty-acid analyses of the seals' blubber versus that of potential prey with the findings of the more traditional diet assessment method. Svalbard harbour seals appear to be opportunistic, polyphagous feeders similar to the situation in other parts of their range. Members of the cod-family, and secondarily the sculpin-family, dominated the diet of harbour seals on Svalbard. Small fish comprised most of the diet of the harbour seals; invertebrates ap - peared to be insignificant. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L., 1758) was the most important species in the diet in terms of biomass, whereas polar cod (Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)) was the most frequently consumed prey. Our com- parison between hard-part diet analyses and fatty acids is far from definitive, but it indicates a general influence of the diet on the fatty-acid composition of the inner blubber layer. However, it also suggests systematic selective processes in the incorporation of fatty acids into the blubber. Observed differences between the fatty-acid composition of the differ - ent blubber layers and possible differences between sex and age classes warrant further investigation. Resume : Nous avons analyse les structures dures dans les feces (n = 117) et les estomacs (n = 3) afin d'etudier le re- gime alimentaire de phoques veaux marins (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) du haut-arctique vivant a Prins Karls Forland, a Svalbard, au debut de l'automne. De plus, nous avons compare les resultats d'analyses d'acides gras du lard des pho- ques et de leurs proies potentielles avec les resultats des methodes plus traditionnelles d'evaluation du regime alimen- taire. Les phoques veaux marins de Svalbard semblent etre des polyphages opportunistes, comme ailleurs dans leur aire de repartition. Le regime alimentaire des phoques veaux marins de Svalbard est domine par les poissons de la famille de la morue et secondairement de la famille du chabot. Le regime des phoques comprend surtout des poissons de petite taille; l'importance des invertebres est insignifiante. La morue franche ( Gadus morhua L., 1758) est l'espece la plus importante en ce qui a trait a la biomasse, alors que le saida franc ( Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)) est la proie la plus frequemment consommee. Notre comparaison de l'analyse des structures dures et de l'analyse des acides gras est loin d'etre definitive, mais elle montre une influence generale du regime alimentaire sur la composition en acides gras de la couche interne de lard. Elle indique aussi, cependant, l'existence de processus selectifs systematiques dans l'incorporation des acides gras dans le lard. Les differences observees dans la composition en acides gras des differen - tes couches de lard et les differences possibles entre les sexes et les differentes classeâge requierent des etudes supple - mentaires. (Traduit par la Redaction) Andersen et al. 1245


The main stages of work with perspective strains for protecting plants and animals from diseases are presented: genome sequencing and analysis, genetic construction of improved strains and checking their survival under model conditions.


ABSTRACT Based on the perspective of the changes of CSRC's chairman, this paper investigates the relationship between regulatory uncertainty and corporate financialization. We find that the regulatory uncertainty positively affects corporate financialization through increasing firms' financialization motivation. Specifically, both the decline of regulatory policy continuity and regulatory intensity caused by changes of CSRC's chairman improve corporate financialization. The positive relationship between regulatory uncertainty and corporate financialization is more pronounced in non-state-owned firms and firms in non-strategic emerging industries. These findings have implications for listed firms and policy-makers to prevent firms transforming from substantial to fictitious.


The present work was undertaken in order to evaluate and anti-arthritic potential of whole plant of Cuscuta reflexa The study was aimed at carrying out the pharmacological screening of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Cuscuta reflexa for anti-arthritic activity which was evaluated by in-vivo Adjuvantinduced arthritis model in rats by analyzing the some parameters. Bone destruction, which is a common feature of adjuvantarthritis, was examined by radiological analysis. Gross destruction of the joints of the untreated paws was observed in5 out of 6 rats in the adjuvant control group. in rats given ethanolic extract of Cuscuta reflexa attenuate these abnormalities predominantly localized to the proximal areas of the paws (Table 5). Ethanolic extract at 200mg/kg dose alone failed to produce any significant improvement. Ethanolic extract at 400 mg/kg dose alone should produce slightly good significant improvement than before dose. Total white blood cells (WBC) count increase with significantly increased in arthritic animals. ESR and RF were also significantly increased, while hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC) was decreased in AIA animals. Results shown in below table 6 suggest that total WBC count, ESR and RF are significantly decreased, while hemoglobin, RBC was slightly increased in treated animals in dose-dependent manner as compared to disease control (P <0.01).


And approaching the end of the novel in his mind as he sat there with his wife sleeping alone in the next room he could feel that something unusual had happened. Something had grown up in his life dearer than It, as the end. The words from long practice had come to be leaves, trees, the corners of his house such was the end. He had progressed leaving the others behind him. The Great American Novel


The material examined was collected by Mr. I. H. Burkill, near Sembadow, in the Satpura Hills of Central India, from the banks of the Sipra River, and sent by him to Professor Seward, who handed over to me for investigation. Terminalia Arjuna Beddome is a large tree belonging to the natural order Combretaceae,' and growing to a height of sixty to eighty feet. The species is confined to India and Ceylon, where it occurs commonly along the banks of streams and rivers.̂ From the trees growing on the banks of a river, certain roots grow out horizontally into the river bed, among the stones, or just below the surface of the water. From these roots lateral branches are given off that rise vertically to the surface of the water or mud. It is such roots that I have investigated. The rivers in the district from which the material was obtained dry up during the hot season, when they are represented by a series of pools. The material was collected in October, 1908, when the level of the river was beginning to fall, and beneath all the trees of Terminalia Arjuna was a thick growth of the small apogeotropic roots among the stones and mud of the river bed. In some of the deeper pools, as Mr. Burkill states in a letter, the horizontal roots bend up till they reach the surface of the water, where verticalroots are produced; they afterwards bend down again.


Abstract This study aims to evaluate the production of compounds (fungal extract) from Trichoderma koningiopsis with herbicidal activity, as well as to analyze the effects of its application and acute toxicity using the microcrustacean Daphnia magna. Plackett & Burman Experimental Design (PB) was selected, followed by a triplicate fermentation with the best conditions after a Central Composite Rotatable Design (DCCR 23). The dependent variables (responses) evaluated were the enzymatic activities of amylases, cellulases, lipases and peroxidases, and the fungal biomass produced was also quantified. A statistical analysis was performed on the variables to verify their significance and evaluate the validity of the proposed model. Two different fungal extracts were used for evaluation of acute toxicity, and were also applied in the Euphorbia heterophylla plant to verify the effects of phytotoxicity. Thus, the results obtained for the acute toxicity tests were EC50-48h of 58,637.99 mg/L and 13,583.17 mg/L for t...


Amir Hasan Sejzi (1272-1360 AD) and Ameer Khosro Dehlavi (12531325 AD) were amongst the disciples of Shiekh Nizammuddin Auliya (1238-1325 AD). Both of them were thought to be intimate disciples of the grand Shiekh. Both were closely attached to the court of the king in Dehli. In the court of prince Muhammad entitled Khan-e-Shaheed, the two poets had special seats of the intimate companions. Both the poets were the pupils of the grand saint Shiekh Nizamuddin Auliya and became his committed devotees to the extent that they could achieve their aims, for one could compile "Afzalul Favaaed" and the other "Favaaed-UlFavaad". Both the works are based on the utterances of grand mystic Shiekh Nizamuddin Auliya. In it the manners of the closest disciples who often had the companionship of the grand mystic are narrated. In this paper, the style of writing of these two works would be discussed. Whether under the influence of Ameer Hassan Sejzi had Ameer Khosro written the "Afzalul Favaaed"? if so, to what extent has its influence been upon? What role had "Favaaed-UlFavaad" played in this regard? What effects have the socio-political conditions left on it? These and many other related issues will be discussed in the article.


In this work we discuss Hanle absorption resonances obtained in a room temperature NO2 cell, irradiated by a single mode Ar+ laser. The method used is based on measuring the changes of polarization of the transmitted laser beam crossing the NO2 cell, placed in a transverse magnetic field. The resonant changes in the measured absorption signal, that occur in the magnetic field, could be explained as destruction of the alignment of the absorbing rotational state(s), belonging to the ground state (0,0,0) X2A1. The observed signal is described as a sum, taken over all F'u and F"g values, for the chosen N",J"→N',J' transition. The numerical calculations show, that despite the contributions of terms with different signs, the total signal for all examined cases preserves its sign, the determining role being played by the most intensive hf components. Thus a confirmation of Chaika's hypothesis for creation of NO2 ground state levels (self)alignment is obtained as well an estimation of the effective life time for coherences τ(2).


This paper presents a corpus that offers rich and authentic knowledge for Juz' Amma using the ontological engineering approach. The reason of the study conducted is because of lack of understanding of Juz' Amma in the form of listing result. At the same time, the listing result does not provide pictorial tidings for clustering the listing result. Therefore, the corpus covers knowledge from various authentic sources, including translation, annotation of keywords, tafsir, and related hadiths for every verse in English and Malay. The ontology is engineered and designed to effectively utilize the authentic knowledge extracted from the corpus intended to serve a dialogue-based information visualization system for Quranic text. A standard ontology engineering methodology was applied for developing the ontology. After creation, the ontology was evaluated and was found to fulfill the goals for which it was developed. The corpus and ontology are hoped to aid various semantic applications related to Quranic text in the future.


Oncological radicalism (the scope of surgical treatment) and restoration of the supporting function of the spine remain the most pressing issues of surgical treatment for tumors. Purpose of the work: to analyze the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with primary tumors of the thoracic and lumbar spine based on the appropriate rating scales. Materials and methods. Forty-three patients, 22 women and 21 men aged 18 to 72 years, with benign and malignant primary tumors and tumor-like lesions of the spine were examined; they were treated at the Department of vertebrology of the Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Localization of the lesions was as follows: cervical spine — 5 patients, thoracic — 17, lumbar — 19, sacrum — 2. According to the pathomorphological classification of primary tumors and tumor-like lesions of the World Health Organization, the patients were divided into those with benign (n = 26) and malignant (n = 17) tumors. The results of surgical treatment for primary spinal tumors were analyzed using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale, Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), Bilsky scale; the localization of tumors in different segments of the spinal column was considered as well. Results and discussion. We evaluated the outcomes of surgical treatment of spinal tumors for the following indications: radical surgery, the presence of complications, the dynamics of neurological and orthopedic disorders, the presence of tumor recurrence and the life expectancy of patients. Radical tumor resection within healthy tissues was performed in 17 of 19 patients, who had indications for the use of this method. Twenty-four patients underwent surgical treatment in the form of decompression of the spinal canal and partial tumor resection to restore the supporting function of the spine. In 2 cases, ablasticity was not achieved. Conclusions. According to the ASIA, SINS, Birsky scales, it was found that surgical intervention in primary tumors of the spine is justified, it prevents neurological complications, significantly reduces existing neurological disorders, and prolongs the life of patients. The choice of the scope of surgical intervention aimed at restoration of the supporting function of the spine according to these scales is not shown. Treatment of primary tumors of the spine should include both radical removal of atypical tissues within the healthy tissues and palliative treatment if indicated. It is important to restore the supporting function of the spine in the area of its damaged segments.


The ultimate yields of the several products of hydropyrolysis of peats from different geographical areas apparently can be estimated from the ultimate and proximate analyses. About one-third of the oxygen appears as steam and two-thirds as carbon oxides. The ultimate hydrocarbon yields are primarily related to the remaining volatile carbon. The evidence indicates that the methane produced is formed from the initially formed light aliphatic hydrocarbons, and through a relatively rapid carbon-hydrogen reaction. The rates of formation of these products appear to be dependent on the sorce of the peat.


The title compound, C20H14FN3, contains one conventional N—H⋯N hydrogen bond which links the molecules into spiral chains running parallel to the c axis; the conformation of this chain appears to be stabilized by an antiparallel C—H⋯F contact. The structure also contains non-localized solvent in isolated cavities which lie along the crystallographic threefold axis.