Objective This study was to construct a digital mandible model with rapid-prototyping(RP) technology based with cloud data and to evaluate the significance and further application in the treatment of face remodeling. Methods Total 32 patients with hypertrophy of mandibular angle were presented in this study. All patients were underwent by three-dimensional computerized tomography (3D-CT). The data were input into rapid prototyping machine to get three-dimensional model. Results Substantial digital model was established that could be read and processed directly by prototyping instrument. The substantial model could present the lower face modeling by mandibular angle ostectomy. Conclusion Three dimensional model based on CT data is an important method of simulation the planning of mandibular angle ostectomy precisely. It has great significance in the clinical application of facial reconstructive surgery.


72 subjects were required to learn either an affirmation or a conjunction concept in which there were either three or four stimulus dimensions in the stimulus array. Post-feedback latencies were longer in the conjunction-concept groups but did not vary with number of dimensions. Response latencies were longer with more dimensions but did not vary between concepts. More trials were required to reach criterion in the conjunction-concept and four-dimension groups. These results suggest that problem difficulty does not uniquely affect post-feedback latencies and that each interval is used by the subject for different problem-solving operations.


The feature and application of the virtual instrument technology are introduced,and a acquisition system of low-frequency time-code signal based on the technology is proposed in this paper.Adapting the software design technology this system can reduce the costs of measuring equipment and is more flexible in analyzing and processing digital signal.$$$$


In this paper, an optimal self-learning cooperative control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems by iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is developed. The main idea is to design an optimal control law by policy iteration based ADP technique which makes all the agents track a given dynamics and simultaneously makes the iterative performance index function reach the Nash equilibrium. The cooperative policy iteration algorithm for graphical differential games is developed to achieve the optimal control law for the agent of each node. Convergence properties are analyzed which make the performance index functions of heterogeneous multi-agent differential graphical games converge to the Nash equilibrium. Simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the developed optimal self-learning control scheme.


Learning radiology requires systematic and comprehensive study of a large knowledge base of medical images. In this work is presented the development of a digital radiology teaching file system. The proposed system has been created in order to offer a set of customized services regarding to users' contexts and their informational needs. This has been done by means of an electronic infrastructure that provides easy and integrated access to all relevant patient data at the time of image interpretation, so that radiologists and researchers can examine all available data to reach well-informed conclusions, while protecting patient data privacy and security. The system is presented such as an environment which implements a distributed clinical database, including medical images, authoring tools, repository for multimedia documents, and also a peer-reviewed model which assures dataset quality. The current implementation has shown that creating clinical data repositories on networked computer environments points to be a good solution in terms of providing means to review information management practices in electronic environments and to create customized and contextbased tools for users connected to the system throughout electronic interfaces.


Acoustic radiation modes have recently regained the attention of the literature, with applications ranging from active structural acoustic control to acoustical holography. Typically the calculation of these modes requires boundary element methods for all but flat plate and full sphere geometries. This paper presents a radiation mode formulation for cylindrically curved structures with small curvature, based on the uniform theory of diffraction. This formulation shows promise, as it produces analytical expressions for the radiation resistance matrix, leading to computationally efficient radiation mode calculation. Radiation modes are shown for cylindrically curved plates, and the calculation of sound power with these modes is compared to that calculated using boundary element methods. The extension of this formulation to other curved structures is discussed.


Effects of PAR in relation with plant spacing in peach cultivar 'Shan-i-Punjab' during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 were evaluated. The trees were trained to 4 different training systems and each system consisted of 2 spacings viz., 5 × 3 m and 5 × 2 m. Daily PAR was recorded at morning, midday and evening and it was found that irrespective of planting distance maximum light interception was recorded at midday hours. Plants spaced at 5 × 3m received more light inside the canopy during full day which directly influenced number of fruits per tree, number of picking, fruiting density, yield efficiency, relative pattern of fruit maturity whereas, fruit yield per hectare was maximum in 5 × 2 m.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 701-707, 2021 (September)


The mitotic number of several local varieties of M. indica is confirmed as 2n=28 and that of M. laevigata (2n=56) is reported as a tetraploid.No meiotic difference was observable between the several varieties of M. indica. The following points were noted:-1) There is extreme difference in size between 12 pairs called autosomes and 2 pairs called allosomes.2) The four large chromosomes may join variously to form a) one quadrivalent, b) one trivalent and one univalent, or c) two bivalents.3) The quadrivalent may separate equally or unequally at anaphase.4) The allosomes show heteropycnosity to this extent that they may be visible, adhering to the nucleolus, at early prophase, when the other chromosomes are yet unstained.5) It is contended from present observations that a simple "XY" me-chanism cannot exist in Morus as there are four large chromosomes in the complement.6) Out of the remaining 24 chromosomes there may occasionally be formed one trivalent and a corresponding univalent.7) Secondary grouping in both first and second metaphase adheres usually to the number seven.


Lack of access to health care by those medically underserved results from a complex of social and economic factors. Solutions to the problem will require, at a minimum, removal of financial barriers and assurance of availability of qualified providers. The authors examine public policies designed to impact the supply and training of health care providers in terms of their short- and long-term effectiveness in influencing the composition of the health care workforce. They analyze data from a series of qualitative studies with family practice residents, providers, and key personnel from family practice residency programs for insights to help identify candidates who could be successful in needy environments, and in understanding providers' perceptions of benefits and drawbacks of working with the underserved. The authors recommend a strategy for recruiting candidates better matched to the requirements of practice with the underserved, revising curricula to provide needed training to facilitate providers' success in underserved settings, and designing practice environments supportive of providers working with underserved populations.


The crystal structure of K2[O3SONHSO3] has been determined using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data with 1 097 observed reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/a, with Z= 4 in a cell of dimensions a= 11.009(3), b= 10.040(2), c= 7.483(3)A, and β= 109.49(2)°. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by full-matrix least squares to R 0.033. The N–S bond [1.704(3)A] is markedly longer than found for K2[NH(SO3)2] in which both sulphonate groups are bound directly to nitrogen. The infrared (4 000–50 cm–1) and Raman spectra of K2[O3SONHSO3] and K3[O3SON(SO3)2]·1.5H2O and their 15N and 2H derivatives at 77 K are reported and interpreted. Aqueous spectra have also been recorded. The following frequencies were assigned; ν(N–O), 925; ν(N–S), 808; and ν[S–O(N)], ca. 730 cm–1 for K2[O3SONHSO3]; ν(N–O), 930; νasym(N–S), 820; νsym(N–S), 757; and ν[S–O(N)], 708 cm–1 for K3[O3SON(SO3)2]·1.5H2O.


DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNER BODY IMAGE WITH AMANN-GAINOTTI PERSPECTIVE: A DEVELOPMENTAL VIEW This study presents the method proposed by the Danish psychologist Merete Amann-Gainotti for evaluating the inner body image, and justifies its applicability and importance of its dissemination worldwide. In this method the task is to draw the internal body like he or she imagines. It also explains the need to expand researches in the area of the inner body image as well as the importance of the progress of validation studies of its scale for Brazilian population. The method is demonstrated from the point of view of the human body developmental.


Objective To discuss the psychological barrier patients wounded in Wenchuan earthquake and its countermeasures.Methods Totally 48 patients were surveyed with self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)60 days after Wenchuan earthquake,and the influential factors were analyzed.Results The mean score of anxiety standard was 41.56±5.38 and only two cases suffered from mild anxiety;the mean score of depression standard was 55.21±10.15,and twenty cases suffered from mild depression and fourteen cases moderate depression.Both of the mean score of anxiety and depression of the young people group were significantly higher than those of the adults group;the mean score of depression standard of the amputated group was higher than that of the control group.There were no significant differences in scores of anxiety and depression between sex,education background and occupation.Conclusion Persons wounded in earthquake still suffered from anxiety and depression 60 days after earthquake,especially for the young people and the amputated.It is necessary to trace the mental health of the earthquake wounded persons and to provide psychological intervention for those with mental problems.


On behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted testing investigations on seven prehistoric sites located within the Cuatro Vientos roadway project right-of-way in Webb County, Texas. The test excavations, conducted in June 2005, were performed in compliance with the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), and the Texas Antiquities Code. The work was designed to assess each site's potential for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and for designation as State Archeological Landmarks (SAL). The work was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3755 with Kevin A. Miller serving as Principal Investigator. Field investigations were performed under TxDOTWork Authorization No. 573 26 SA007 of the SWCA/ TxDOT General Services Contract 573 XX SA007. The seven tested sites are distributed primarily within the drainage basin of San Idelfonso Creek, a tributary of the Rio Grande in south Texas. The sites, including 41WB441, 41WB572, 41WB577, 41WB578, 41WB621, 41WB622, and 41WB623, are all prehistoric open sites situated in both buried and surficial contexts on terraces and adjacent uplands. The sites principally consist of various prehistoric features and artifacts associated with lithic procurement locales and open occupations. According to the temporal data, the sites contain occupational components from the Middle Archaic through Late Prehistoric, though Late Archaic components are the most prevalent throughout the project area. Because of poor preservation and the lack of integrity, SWCA did not recommend any of the sites as eligible for the NRHP or as SALs. TxDOT, however, did not concur and recommended three as eligible, though all were effectively mitigated by the testing investigations. This difference of opinion formed the basis for developing a different approach to the assessment of the south Texas archaeological record. In essence, this project is a reconsideration of evaluations of significance and research potential of seven sites, specifically addressing the well-known problems with the regional archaeological record, namely erosional or stable settings that create mixed or incomplete assemblages. The proposed solution is the development of a contextual frame of reference, utilization of specific point-plotted data in addition to the site construct, and variable temporal scales.


Abstract The enone unit of chalcones is a synthetically valuable substructure for the formation of heterocycles. Whereas propoxy groups as solubilizing side chains on the phenyl groups do not much affect the generation of pyrazole and pyridine rings, they reduce significantly the yield of the diazepine ring system 4. We attribute this effect to the large twist angles between the ring planes, which are demonstrated by a crystal structure analysis.


Pallet management usually involves direct and reverse logistics flows; it represents a critical activity for several logistics providers all over the world. Pallets are needed in order to ship products through the whole supply chain. In the European area, a standardized quality-assured system - defined as the "EPAL-System" - works as direct or postponed interchange could be applied. Service level could be improved by both increasing pallet availability in the direct logistics and reducing total cost of the reverse logistics. The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective comparison of different pallet management scenarios based on EPAL-System. The two organizational interchange procedures allowed by the EPAL-System have been tested. A simulation model has allowed to compare four scenarios in terms of supplier's service time, internal operations, and overall operating costs. Results confirm that a better coordination of actors in the reverse chain enables to increase performances of the whole system.


Strengthening the resilience of the rail transport mode with respect to the external environment as well as its effectiveness is a major issue. For this purpose, developing an intelligent rail infrastructure is recommended by many railway advisory groups. This development requires the deployment of a network of sensing devices distributed along this critical infrastructure. However, considering that the railway network of European priority corridors covers tens of thousands of kilometers, delivering electrical power to these low consumption devices sets a difficult problem. Indeed, there are no mains available along the railway lines to supply this equipment. This article proposes a preliminary feasibility study of the development of an independent "green" power generator, operating along electrified railway infrastructures with no apparent energy consumption. This electrical generator uses the stray radiation from the catenary and rail return traction currents together to convert the locally induced energy at low frequency into DC electrical energy that can be stored for powering this sensing equipment.


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Optimal processing parameters for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of truffle polysaccharide in neutral water medium were determined.On the basis of single factor experiments and according to Box-Behnken test design principles,the method of response surface method(RSM)for optimal parameters was adopted.Finally,the optimal extraction process was obtained as follows:ultrasonic power 105W,ultrasonic processing time 40min,ratio of liquid to sample 25∶ 1,extraction temperature 75℃.Under these conditions,the yield of polysaccharide truffles reached 3.48%.The model turned out to be with good fitting degree and minor error.


Limited data is available to support the assumption that traditional medical school case conferences and lecture series result in real performance changes. Using guidance from published literature, we developed a qualitative data collection process for identifying competency within the case conference, which also led to changes in practice performance that could be objectively documented through the electronic medical record. Collaboration among RSS activity directors and relevant stakeholders was necessary to adapt our methodology for implementation into the clinical teaching environment. Group training and one-on-one training, which included real-time demonstrations during the case conference, were necessary to achieve competence and compliance among stakeholders. We used four data capture methods: 1) A new Documentation and Verification of Change in Practice form, 2) a web-based survey to subjectively assess applied learning among participants, 3) one-to-one follow-up with the RSS activity director and coordinator to track progress of related systems-based changes and/or, 4) EMR chart audits to track case-specific practice changes. After several modifications, our new reporting system has resulted in the capture of previously undocumented data. We found it to be most effective for treatment planning conferences such as tumor boards where changes are common and readily implemented into practice. This process benefits the RSS' clinical department(s) by showcasing the importance and impact of the RSS case conference on clinical practice and provides a snapshot of the successful translation of academia to the bedside.


Rh(II)-catalyzed novel tandem intramolecular cycloisomerizations of aldehydes or ketones with 1-sulfonyl 1,2,3-triazoles have been disclosed, providing a facile protocol to access a series of functionalized aza-bridged benzodioxepine heterocycles.


Leonhard Obermeyer Center Technical University of Munich Munich, Germany Established: 2014 Leadership: André Borrmann (Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation) Frank Petzold (Chair of Architectural Informatics) Thomas H. Kolbe (Chair of Geoinformatics) Konrad Nübel (Chair of Construction Process Management) Uwe Stilla (Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing) Current Center Structure: Participating Chairs: 5 Research Staff: 70-80 Postdoctoral Researchers: approximately 10


The present work deals with two important theoretical aspects of the 2D fluid theory for non‐neutral plasmas: the study of the merger between plasma vortices and the non‐linear study of the evolution of the diocotron instability. In both cases, analytical and semi‐analytical models have been deduced and the results have been tested by means of a numerical code based on the contour dynamics technique developed by the Authors.


Summary Introduction: Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerating disease with a deceitful character, impairing the central nervous system and causing biological, psychological and social changes. It shows motor signs and symptoms characterized by trembling, postural instability, rigidity and bradykinesia. Objective: To evaluate the central hearing function in PD patients. Method: A descriptive, prospect and transversal study, in which 10 individuals diagnosed of PD named study group (SG) and 10 normally hearing individuals named control group (CG) were evaluated, age average of 63.8 and (SD) 5.96. Both groups went through otorhinolaryngological and ordinary audiological evaluations, and dichotic test of alternate disyllables (SSW). Results: In the quantitative analysis, CG showed 80% normality on competitive right-ear hearing (RC) and 60% on the competitive left-ear hearing (LC) in comparison with the SG that presented 70% on RC and 40% on LC. In the qualitative analysis, the biggest percentage of errors was evident in the SG in the order effect. The results showed a difficulty in identifying a sound when there is another competitive sound and in the memory ability. Conclusion: A qualitative and quantitative difference was observed in the SSW test between the evaluated groups, although statistical data does not show significant differences. The importance to evaluate the central hearing process is emphasized when contributing to the procedures to be taken at the therapeutic follow-up.


Using field studies on sewage flows and Infiltration/Inflow(I/I) analysis in separate sewer systems, the appropriate I/I values were computed, and an alternate method of calculation for I/I was presented. Sewage flows followed a typical diurnal pattern with highs in the morning and evening and lows during the night. The BOD concentration of sewage ranged from 200 to 400mg/L. Diurnal variations in BOD concentration fell slightly during the night, when there were low sewage flows. This is likely the result of dilution due to the inflow of groundwater, but it was difficult to quantify the effect. The infiltration varied considerably in the data, from -14.8% to 14.0% of the daily maximum sewage flow. This is due to the limitations of the method of calculations rather than errors in measurement. In short, the method of calculation for night-time domestic flow only takes into account the population of a particular region. Therefore, if the characteristics of night-time activities of residents are different, the method is unable to reflect it. As such, the method of calculation should be updated with continued research. Analysis of the inflow showed that the specific inflow rate was 0.7 to , lower than the results of similar studies. The values were higher for regions where the pipe lengths were longer and had a larger number of house-inlets.


In previous work we describe the problem of scheduling flights for SOFIA, an airborne observatory. Scheduling in this domain requires solving many Initial Value Problems (IVPs) and Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) to evaluate constraints on the observatory's ground track and telescope elevation limits. These are costly operations, and become more so when accounting for winds and fuel consumption. In this paper we show how to reduce the number of IVPs and BVPs needed to schedule SOFIA by restricting the set of flight plans we sample. Empirical studies show that the restriction costs us little in terms of the value of the flight plans we can build. The restriction allowed us to reformulate part of the search problem as a zerofinding problem. The result is a simplified planning model and significant savings in computation time.


Body size measurements were obtained from 53 hatchlings and 276 juvenile to adult hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) at Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Allometric change in the size of body structures were examined by regression analysis. Turtle heads underwent the greatest proportional change, with larger turtles presenting a significantly decreased head width to carapace length ratio. The proportion of carapace width to length remained constant for hawksbill turtles throughout the size range examined. Sexual dimorphism in tail size was observed from 68.2 cm straight-line carapace length. Australian and southern African turtles differ from Caribbean hawksbill turtles in having significantly greater carapace width in proportion to carapace length.


Parental care is a key component of an organism's reproductive strategy that is thought to trade-off with allocation towards immunity. Yet it is unclear how caring parents respond to pathogens: do infected parents reduce their amount of care as a sickness behaviour or simply from being ill, or do they prioritise their offspring by maintaining high levels of care? Here we explored the consequences of infection by the pathogen Serratia marcescens on mortality, time spent providing care, reproductive output, and expression of immune genes of female parents in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We compared untreated control females with infected females that were inoculated with live bacteria, immune-challenged females that were inoculated with heat-killed bacteria, and injured females that were injected with buffer. We found that infected and immune-challenged females mounted an immune response and that infected females suffered increased mortality. Nevertheless, infected and immune-challenged females maintained their normal level of care and reproductive output. There was thus no evidence that infection led to either a decrease or an increase in parental care or reproductive output. Our results show that parental care, which is generally highly flexible, can remain remarkably robust and consistent despite the elevated mortality caused by infection by pathogens. Overall, these findings suggest that infected females maintain a high level of parental care; a strategy that may ensure that offspring receive the necessary amount of care but that might be detrimental to the parents' own survival or that may even facilitate disease transmission to offspring.


Abstract In today's business environment the corporate identity is becoming more and more important as a result of an increasing range of products, meaning increasing competition, along with the fact that it, because of increasing information noise in the society, is getting harder and harder for the company to make itself heard. The task facing the company is now to create a homogeneous picture that is to be sent out to its publics, which then can be received and generate a core image. The aim of this thesis is to, after having surveyed the image of a company that is using controversial advertising and studied its identity, examine to what extent the controversial advertising, and not the remainder of the company's identity, is affecting the company's image. The result of this study shows that the company's controversial advertising to a great extent affects the potential customers' image of the company. Furthermore, it has shown that, in the case of the company being chosen for the survey, this also was the factor that generated the most of the negative features of the image.


For democracy to thrive, students increasingly need to participate in democratic education. During the first half of the twentieth century, two education reformers individually developed, refined, and implemented two different forms of democratic education. In this article, the author describes the purpose of public schooling and how John Dewey and Janusz Korczak implemented social studies within the Laboratory School and the Children's Republic, respectively.


Whenever the need arises to describe a set of data in a succinct way, the issue of mathematical representativeness arises. The goal of this research is to understand the characteristics of fourth through eighth graders' constructions of "average" as a representative number summarizing a data set. Twenty-one students were interviewed, using a series of open-ended problems that called on children to construct their own notion of representativeness. Five basic constructions of representativeness are identified and analyzed. These approaches illustrate the ways in which students are (or are not) developing useful, general definitions for the statistical concept of average. One objective of statistics is to reduce large, unmanageable, and disordered collections of information to summary representations. The need to summarize data is present even among young children. For example, in the surveys conducted by primary-grade students, we see movement from focusing on individual pieces of data ("I have one brother") to highlighting and summarizing the data in some manageable form ("Most of the class members have only one brother or sister"). As soon as there is the need to describe a set of data in a more succinct way, the notion of representativeness arises: What is typical of these data? How can we capture their range and distribution?


The topic of Genetically Modified Foods is definitely an interesting one.
This libguide is designed to help you find information and resources so you can learn all there is to know about it. Your one-stop-shop for researching Genetically Modified Foods


Asphalt pavements which were going into the large-scale reconstruction and repair stage had come to using fixed years in order to restore performance in recent years.RAP technology would become a hot issue on highway research and application as the asphalt pavement rebuilting and repairment.The RAP technology whose mechanism,characteristics and construction methods were conducted by comprehensive analysis and discussion in this paper.


The presented work is providing the results of experimental study to investigate the impact of elevated temperature on load resistance related to the concrete beams that are reinforced via the glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRPs). There are four GFRP reinforced concrete beams with width (250mm) and height (160mm) as cross-sectional dimensions, also (1250mm) as total length have been designed according to ACI440.1R-15[1], cast using normal weight concrete and considered in the experimental tests. One specimen has been put to test at ambient temperature, while other three specimens were firstly exposed to increased temperatures (350, 500, and 600 °C), after that subjected to a monolithically increased one point load up to failure. The effect of increased temperature on load displacement relationships as well as the failure modes regarding tested beams were discussed and put to comparison with the results related to the control beam (20°C). The experimental tests results have indicated that the shear failure is the pre-dominate failure mode with regard to all the tested GFRP-beams before and after exposing to elevated temperature. Results have also shown that in comparison to the control beam (20°C), reduction in loading capacity of heated reinforced concrete beams have been 4%, 15.5% and 19% when exposing to temperature of 350°C, 500°C and 600°C respectively.


Using immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry, we recently developed and validated a plasma composite biomarker for the assessment of Aβ levels. However, as yet, it's utility to predict clinical and cognitive outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between this plasma Aβ composite biomarker and cognitive function in cognitively normal older adults in two independent cohorts.


Warm-sector heavy rainfall in southern China refers to the heavy rainfall that occurs within a weakly-forced synoptic environment under the influence of monsoonal airflows. It is usually located near the southern coast, and is characterized by poor predictability and a close relationship with coastal terrain. This study investigates the impacts of coastal terrain on the initiation, organization and heavy-rainfall potential of MCSs in warm-sector heavy rainfall over southern China using quasi-idealized WRF simulations and terrain-modification experiments. Typical warm-sector heavy rainfall events were selected to produce composite environments that forced the simulations. MCSs in these events all initiated in the early morning and developed into quasi-linear convective systems along the coast with a prominent backbuilding process. When the small coastal terrain is removed, the maximum 12-h rainfall accumulation decreases by ~46%. The convection initiation is advanced ~2 h with the help of orographic lifting associated with flow interaction with the coastal hills in the control experiment. Moreover, the coastal terrain weakens near-surface winds and thus decreases the deep-layer vertical wind shear component perpendicular to the coast and increases the component parallel to the coast; the coastal terrain also concentrates the moisture and instability over the coastal region by weakening the boundary layer jet. These modifications lead to faster upscale growth of convection and eventually a well-organized MCS. The coastal terrain is beneficial for backbuilding convection and thus persistent rainfall by providing orographic lifting for new cells on the western end of the MCS, and by facilitating a stronger and more stagnant cold pool, which stimulates new cells near its rear edge.


In this essay, I am to describe and interpret the chronotopes in novel, 'Namdo saram, the Southerner' of Lee Chung-Jun, based Bakhtin's concept of chronotope. Bakhtin calls a specific way of conceptualizing human action in time and space chronotope. And he says "Every entry into the sphere of meaning is accomplished only through the gates of the chronotope." That saying means if we want to discover a certain meaning of the work, we must pass through the gates of chronotope and enter into the world of the work. The world of 'Namdo, the Southern' and 'Namdochang', has its unique chronotopicity. It is characterized by achronic or extratemporal time and vertical axis of it. With its vertical axis structure, Namdo has another remarkable chronotopic space, the road. And one more important chronotope is found in this work; the chronotope of threshold. According to Bakhtin, its most fundamental instance is as the chronotope of crisis and break in a life. The horizontal of the roads, on which the wonderer is searching for voice, is crossing to vertical axis of 'Voice and Light.' The dialectic relationship which they, two dimensions enter together into, forms a world of heterochronous.


Algorithmic Framework and Implementation of Spectrum Holes Detection for Cognitive Radios Ian J. Frasch The ability to dynamically discover portions of unused radio spectrum (spectrum holes) is an important ability of cognitive radio systems. Spectrum holes present a potential opportunity for wireless communication. Detection of holes and signals allows cognitive radios to dynamically access and share the spectrum with minimal interference. This work steps through the design, implementation, and analysis of a spectrum holes detector for cognitive radios. Energy detection and cyclostationary detection algorithms for detecting spectrum holes are compared through computer simulations. Ultimately an energy detection algorithm is proposed which performs better than the cyclostationary detection algorithm and requires no a-priori knowledge of noise power. The energy detection algorithm is implemented on the bladeRF x115 software-defined radio for wideband detection, leveraging on-board FPGA hardware and field-programmable analog hardware to scan a gigahertz-order range of frequencies and discover spectrum holes in real time. Resource utilization and requirements of the implementation are analyzed, and a utilization of 8.8% of the FPGA's logic resources is reported. Experiments are performed on the implementation to measure its detection performance and demonstrate its ability to detect holes over a wide bandwidth with reasonable latency.


STATE ment programs and local have industrial become developincreasprograms have become increasingly more important during the period following World War II. It is not surprising, therefore, that there has also been a growth in the literature treating state and local financial inducements to industrial development.1 Perhaps what is surprising is that these programs have not received more attention in academic circles. The concern of the literature has been


This report gives a picture of the present ship-traffic in the Barents Sea divided in six areas: five along the coastline of Northern Norway and one around Spitsbergen Isles. The ship-traffic comprises traffic with fishing vessels, sea transport of both passengers and goods. The report focuses on the increasing transit of oil tankers from the Russian seaports and oilfields in the eastern part of the Barents Sea. A forecast is also given of the sea transport up to 2021 based upon Norwegian and Russian estimates for the demand for transport in the Barents Sea. The report gives an overview of laws and regulations for the sea transport in Norwegian and international waters in the area. Furthermore, a list of aids of communication systems, navigation and control which can facilitate the sea transport is given. In the context are included regulations and proposals of such measures in the Norwegian and international waters of the Barents Sea.


The authors wrote about the Tajik peoples attention to the cleanness of environment and upbringing people in this direction and paid special attention to the idea of ecological phrases. Judging by the examples from the book Avesta, the cleanness of the environment plays the leading part in the life of people, and these examples can be the evidence of the writers opinions


This study investigated the strategies and difficulties of learning English idioms among university students. The sample consisted of one hundred and twenty-nine students enrolled in the second semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The researcher prepared a questionnaire to identify the strategies employed by students to facilitate learning idioms and to explore the difficulties that faced them during their learning. The results showed that the participants had difficulty to learn idioms. They also revealed that the most common used strategies were predicting the meaning of the idioms, translating them to the first language, guessing the meaning of idiomatic expressions from the context, depending on verbal and visual information, and looking up unfamiliar idioms in the dictionary. The researcher gave some pedagogical implications and recommendations about learning idioms for further studies.


Elections to the Legislative Yuan in Taiwan are crucial to the exercise of national legislative power, and an important mechanism for popular participation in decision making through representative politics. This study looks at the historical consequences of the political demands for a i°single member, dual balloti± electoral system and i°halving of legislative seatsi± during Taiwani¯s democratization process, and the resultant path dependence for Taiwani¯s legislative elections, from which the mixed-member system with two ballots in single member constituencies emerged as the direction for constitutional reform. This constitutional amendment project driven by cooperation between the two major parties in Taiwan ultimately produced a disproportional outcome, under which the Kuomintang (KMT) as the largest party has enjoyed a dominant position due to over-representation, while the number of seats won by other parties was reduced. This may not have been the result originally anticipated by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). However, changes in the electoral system occur in the context of path dependent dilemmas. Only a new wave of constitutional revisions can correct the large difference between legislative representation and the structure of the electorate, and bring the system closer to the basic principles of representative politics under democracy.


One of the most prominent achievements in China's legal system is that civil law has been established and developed in China since its reform and opening-up. As a law responding to the market economy, the greatest contribution of civil law does not lie in its promoting China's economic rise, but in its liberalizing the human nature of individuals in the civil society-it is civil law that makes everyone stand up and allows everyone to truly become a person of independence, equality, freedom, and self-determination. However, the human nature's running on the market economy platform often results in the market economy's own difficulties and further leads to civil law's embarrassments, so it is of profound significance to explore into the truth of human nature in civil law and its development from a philosophical dimension, which will contribute to the understanding of the nature, contribution and shortage of civil law and also contribute to the spreading and popularizing of civil law spirits in the future.


: Allelopathic activity of exometabolites excreted by different algal species produced the competitive interactions may have led to adaptations enabling bloom-forming phytoplankton to dominate pelagic communities. Therefore, in vitro study was performed on the extracellular products (protein, carbohydrate, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and fatty acids) during exponential and decline growth phase of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum on the growth of Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii . The results showed that the culture filtrate of decline growth phase contains higher protein, carbohydrate, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and alkaloids than exponential growth phase. The results of fatty acids analysis showed the presence of palmitic acid (48.73 and 23.39 mg.ml -1 ) and linoleic acid (35.29 and 46.48 mg.ml -1 ), respectively during exponential and decline phase. These results suggest that the metabolites released from Sk. costatum in both growth phases would be the target of allelopathic inhibition of the growth of the two tested algae with different degrees. Therefore, future investigations on the characterization of the chemical compounds involved in the allelopathic process is needed to advance the study of the mode of action of phytoplankton allelochemicals in mediating phytoplankton


I was happy to read Peter Downey's letter ( EM , xxxv/2 (May 2006 ), pp. 347 –9) in response to my article ' Gottfried Finger's Christmas pastorellas ' ( EM , xxxiv/4 (Nov 2005 ), pp. 591 – 6 06 ) and welcome his interest in the subject. His basic argument is that Pavel Vejvanovský's sources and inspiration for treatments of the popular Christmas hymn Resonet in laudibus and its variants are not, as I (indirectly) argued, part of a long tradition of central European and Roman Catholic Christmas devotions where the faithful sang songs for the baby Jesus, but rather as part of some special repertory of trumpeters and trumpet guilds. Downey's comment that ' a single ur -melody demonstrably underpins these works' is puzzling; it is explicitly stated in my article (and in numerous others) that vernacular lullabies such as Joseph lieber and Hajej m ů j andílku are all derived from the Latin hymn Resonet in laudibus. This is one of the most popular and frequently quoted Christmas melodies of the entire Baroque era (there are countless contrafacta in dozens of languages), yet Downey wants to argue that ' it had long been known that this ur melody actually functions as a recurring feature in Vejvanovský's entire output ' . Variants of Resonet appear in Vejvanovský's instrumental works for the same reason they appear in the pieces of countless other composers-it is an extremely popular Christmas song and known throughout most of Europe. It is difficult to say much about some of Downey's other assertions about Vejvanovský because of confusion regarding the sources. Of the Vejvanovský examples Downey puts forward, only two are authentic Vejvanovský compositions. Not only is the Sonata à 10 mentioned by Downey not an authenticated Vejvanovský piece, but he assumes that it is identical to the Resonet in laudibus à 10 mentioned in my article. However, they are not the same piece. (The latter was only recently identified by Konrad Ruhland.) These problems seem to arise from Downey's sources of information, a combination of record sleeves and Breitenbacher's 74 -yearold catalogue (a much impro ved and updated catalogue is Ji ř i Sehnal and Jit ř enka Pe š ková, Caroli de LiechtensteinCastelcorno epsicopi olomucensis operum artis musicae collectio cremsirii reservata (Prague: Supraphon, 1998 )). For reasons of relevance and space, therefore, I cannot discuss Downey's ' Vejvanovský ' examples here in much detail. Downey allows his fascination with trumpet guilds to lead him up a blind alley from where he concludes that one Correspondence


Objective To observe the pathologic changes of ganglion cell and nerve plexus in internal anus sphincter of rats with congenital anorectal malformations (ARM).Methods Healthy and pregnant Wistar-Imammichi rats were induced to ARM by ethylene thiourea (ETU). There were 67 rats with ARM at all. The pelvis was continuously cut from the exactly midsagittal plane. The HE staining was performed, and the numbers of the ganglion cell and nerve plexus in the internal anus sphincter were observed under the microscope.Results The average numbers of the ganglion cell and nerve pluxes in the ARM embryos were (1.206±0.012) and (0.308±0.051). Those of the normal control embryos were (3.710±0.043) and (1.227±0.072) respectively. There was a significant difference between two groups ( P0.05~0.01). While, those of the embryos without ARM which dealt with ETU were (3.012±0.032) and (1.187±0.004) respectively, didn't differ from the normal control embryos.Conclusion The decrease of the ganglion cell and the nerve plexus in internal anus sphincter is an important pathologic change of ARM.


Currently, a disparity exists between the process-level models decision researchers use to describe and predict decision behavior and the methods implemented and metrics collected to test these models. The current work seeks to remedy this disparity by combining the advantages of work in decision research (mouse-tracing paradigms with contingent information display) and cognitive psychology (eye-tracking paradigms from reading and scene perception). In particular, we introduce a new decision moving-window paradigm that presents stimulus information contingent on eye fixations. We provide data from the first application of this method to risky decision making, and show how it compares to basic eye-tracking and mouse-tracing methods. We also enumerate the practical, theoretical, and analytic advantages this method offers above and beyond both mouse-tracing with occlusion and basic eye tracking of information without occlusion. We include the use of new metrics that offer more precision than those typically calculated on mouse-tracing data as well as those not possible or feasible within the mouse-tracing paradigm.


We develop and demonstrate a non-balance Mach-Zehnder autocorrelator based quasi-distributed sensing network. A three-port optical fiber circulator is used to connect broadband light source, sensor array and autocorrelator, avoiding reflective light from sensor array reentering into the light source. At detection location, a balanced detection approach is employed for restraining beat noise of the low coherent interferometric sensing network by respectively connecting two photodetectors to the two output ports of the Mach-Zehnder autocorrelator. The characteristics of the unidirectional transmission and differential output detection can at least double the effective efficiency of the light source power. The optimization and signal-to-noise of the sensing system are theoretically discussed, and a thirteen-sensor network is experimentally demonstrated. The full-fiber and common-path sensing system with high signal-to-noise is quite suitable for quasi-distributed measurement of strain and temperature in smart structures.


Prior analyses show associations between dieting behaviors and weight gain, but confounding by prior body weight is possible. In longitudinal analysis, body weight may be a time dependent confounder: a confounder (associated with current dieting and obesity) and a mediator (in the causal pathway between prior and current dieting). Unlike traditional multivariate adjustment (MVA), marginal structural models (MSM) can control for time dependent confounding. To illustrate, we compared longitudinal effects of self‐reported dieting on incident obesity (BMI=30 kg/m2 or BMI=95th percentile CDC/NCHS; self‐reported height and weight) estimated by MSM versus MVA using National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data (Wave I: 1995, ages 11–21; II: 1996; III: 2001; total N=7407), adjusting for sociodemographics and physical activities and excluding underweight and obese adolescents. MVA and MSM estimates of dieting at Waves I and II on incident Wave III obesity were positive, with stronger associations estimated by MSM [OR (95% CI): Wave I: 3.54 (2.07, 6.07); Wave II: 1.90 (1.19, 3.03)] than MVA [OR (95% CI): Wave I: 1.49 (1.10, 2.04); Wave II: 1.05 (0.84, 1.32)]. These results show that the effect of dieting on obesity is sensitive to the method used to adjust for prior body weight, and suggests that weight may be a time dependent confounder that requires appropriate analytical methods. Funding: R01‐041375


Prolific filmmakers like Tsui Hark, Scorsese and Fassbinder are driven by a creative urgency, part intoxication and part childlike joy


We present the first 600V-class, total GaN solution for electrical power conversion applications. A 220V–400V boost converter using a GaN transistor and a GaN diode with fast & clean hard-switched waveforms has been demonstrated. The conversion efficiency was >99.1% at 100 kHz and >98.2% at 800 kHz.


Abstract Studies have revealed that some, but not all, jail custody officers fear workplace victimization. The job demands–resources theoretical model holds that job demands result in strain, increasing the chances of negative outcomes, such as job burnout, decreased job satisfaction, and fear of being harmed on the job. This framework also contends that job resources help reduce psychological strain, and, in turn, reduce negative outcomes, including fear of victimization at work. Survey results from 587 custody officers from a large county correctional system in Florida were analyzed in order to determine how various workplace demand and resource variables were related to perceived danger at work. Our multivariate analytical models revealed that the resource variables of instrumental communication, perceptions that infectious disease among inmates being properly handled, perceptions that inmates were properly controlled, perceptions that security was proper, and supervisor support were related to decreased perceptions of danger, while formalization (a resource variable) and role strain (a demand variable) were related to increased perceptions of danger. Overall, there was partial support for the job demands–resources model, with some variables having significant effects and others not.


Chapter 4 evaluates the role of common management in securing a common heritage framework for deep seabed mining beyond national jurisdiction (in the Area). To this end, Chapter 4 assesses the common management system for deep seabed mining within the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). UNCLOS provides a system of common rules applicable to the Area, together with the regulatory flexibility for this system to be developed and enforced, in practice, by a unique, unprecedented form of institutional power, wielded by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). The chapter includes analysis of the ISA's progress towards development of the Mining Code, and the functioning of its contract-based licensing process, in practice. Chapter 4 addresses the means by which corporations may become participants in the regime (through state sponsorship, nationality and effective control requirements) and the extent to which the regime filters down to apply to them directly.


Currently,Chinese underdeveloped rural areas being in the process of social transformation,a great deal of unhealthy subculture has appeared.The paper elaborates its specific performances and probes into its economic sources.And finally,it puts forward suggestions to eliminate the unhealthy subculture.


This is a fine introduction to the message of the prophets, and it will serve well in entry-level Old Testament courses or introductory courses on the prophets. It is not so much an exposition on prophetic ethics or even a reflection upon how the prophetic texts might address contemporary ethical issues as it is a summary of each prophet's message in a manner that highlights moral issues. Thus, Jensen dispenses with discussion of the more complex critical issues to speak about how the prophets proclaimed a message of divine love for Israel and the demand for social justice. These are the themes that Christian pedagogues have sought to distill from the prophetic texts and relay to their audiences (church or classroom) for the past few generations. The author highlights especially what he considers to be the high moral message of the prophetic proclamation. If these agendas serve your classroom goals, Jensen's text is a fine educational tool. Jensen devotes attention to the following: 1) a simple discussion of the relationship of prophetic literature to ethics; 2) the importance of the concept of covenant and the various law codes for the prophets; 3) a review of the activities of early prophets (Samuel, Nathan, Ahijah, Elijah, and Elisha); and 4) most importantly, individual chapters on Amos, Hosea, Micah, Isaiah, Jeremiah, exilic prophets, an postexilic prophets. His discussion of these individual prophets constitutes two-thirds of the volume. However, I wish he would have devoted more space to the exilic and postexilic prophets; his treatment of Second Isaiah in five pages strikes me as far too brief. This text is, moreover, somewhat reminiscent of Bruce Vawter's old work, The Conscience of Israel, which likewise focused on preexilic prophecy. More recently scholars and pedagogues have developed a much greater interest in postexilic prophecy and its related issues, a trend Jensen should have reflected. His approach is somewhat that of a historical maximalist, which is probably wise on the introductory level. He assumes that the concept of covenant was developed early, and he attributes most of the prophetic oracles to the historical personages whose names appear on each book. Jensen does not wish to venture too deeply into the complex debate of whether exilic and post-exilic redaction might have been extensive. His historical reconstruction reminds me of Bernhard Anderson's introductory textbooks. The documentation selects chief works in the field of prophetic studies and cites primarily from works of the 1950s through the 1970s, with several references to key works written in the past three decades. The volume thus feels a little dated, but one could say that he quotes the classic works and avoids the zeal of some authors who wish to quote only the latest sources. However, the book would have been strengthened by greater attention to critical issues raised in the past generation on topics such as syncretism, fertility rituals, the late appearance of monotheism, and the social dynamics of postexilic prophecy. Ultimately the significance of the book lies in the author's passion for the social justice implications of the prophetic message, and his eloquent presentation in this regard gives the book its pedagogical value.


We consider the efficient hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2, which is the second version of Grain-128AEAD (one of the lightweight cryptography finalist candidates). In order to counteract side-channel attacks, the efficient masked hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is also considered under the idea of domain-oriented masking. In detail, the so-called pipeline-like pre-computation technique is applied to increase the throughput-area ratio of the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2. The performance of the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is evaluated on ASIC and FPGA. For the unmasked version, the highest throughput-area ratio can be

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 on FPGA. Then, the security of the masked hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is verified with the simulated T-Test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published work about the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2. In light of this, this contribution may help researchers and practitioners to accurately compare the efficiency and the security of the hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 with those of other lightweight cryptography algorithms.


There are four main regions of the spinal column (Figure 1). The two regions this article is concerned with are the lumbar and sacral regions of the low back. The spinal cord, the nerves extending from the brain down the spinal column, ends at about the first lumbar vertebra (L1). The lower areas of the spine, including the lumbar and sacral regions, contain only nerve roots. The lumbar spinal canal consists of lumbar vertebrae (named L1–5) interspersed with intervertebral discs ('discs'). The discs are named for the vertebrae on either side of them, hence the L1/2 disc, etc. The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae named S1–5; because of this fusion there are no wholly sacral discs – the lowest disc in the lumbar canal, called L5/S1, is between the last lumbar vertebra (L5) and the first sacral vertebra (S1). Within the lumbar spine are the five lumbar and the five sacral nerve roots. At each disc, the nerve for the lower vertebra comes out of the canal for a short distance, covered by a dural sleeve. For example, at the L4/5 disc the L5 nerve root comes off the dural tube, encased in its own dural sleeve, passes over the disc and courses outwards. It leaves the spinal canal behind the pedicle of the L5 vertebra and actually exits the canal at the level of L5/S1 disc. The lumbar nerve roots and the first sacral nerve root are the main nerves for motor and sensory modalities in the legs. The nerves to the bowel and bladder are called the pelvic splanchic nerves (PSN, also known as the nervi erigentes) and the main levels at which they exit the spinal column are S2, 3 and 4. They come out of the holes (foramina) in the sacrum. Most disc prolapses will compress the nerve passing over them: for example, a prolapse of the L4/5 disc usually involves the L5 nerve root. If there is obstruction in the lumbar canal squashing all the nerves at the level of the L4/5 disc, all the nerves below L5 (including the sacral nerves) will be involved: both legs, the bowel and the bladder will therefore be severely affected.


How often do we attempt seriously to evaluate the output of urban planning as a process? An architect's buildings or an engineer's bridges are continually appraised and tested by users and observers. Some planning decisions have short-run impacts which can be tested in the same way; other consequences only appear in the longer run, I once worked on a transport study whose time horizon was 1984: although the study's conclusions were untestable at publication, eventually the forecasts and plans could be tested against reality. Yet even this is difficult to do, and rarely done. Most of those originally involved will be elsewhere in 1984, and the continuing responsibility will be with the institutions and people of the time. How many individuals accept long-run responsibility for planning in a particular area? The difficulties are not simply those of the distant time horizon. Many of the planners' outputs are strategies for a whole city region, whilst most consumers are more interested in their neighbourhood scale. A number of the new British local authorities, involved in statutory 'public participation', have had difficulties in getting people to respond to structure-plan proposals for large areas. And furthermore, the planner is always trying to 'forsee the unforseeable'—an oil crisis or whatever, which upsets his forecasts, then also lets him off the evaluation hook. But these are comments about the nature of planning. It has to be, and in many cases is, recognised that plans have to be reappraised and 'rolled forward' in the light of ongoing experience which will amend forecasts. It will be recognised that some forecasts can be fairly free of uncertainty (school population in 5 or 10 years time), others will be very uncertain (rates of inflation and growth of GDP say), and associated information can be weighed accordingly. Measures can be devised, some quantitative, some qualitative, of the costs and benefits of different urban structures. So we could begin to evaluate the planners output. It should also be recognised that the planner in most countries is only a part of the relevant system which brings about urban change. Any final evaluation should apply to this whole system—planners, politicians, firms, and people—and the planner may learn something from such studies about whether he is, in practice, being as effective as he could be. Perhaps all that can be recommended is that there should be more historical work on the consequences of planning. There are well-established traditions of economic history, and indeed of 'urban' history, though the latter usually refers to periods which precede planning as we know it. The Containment of Urban England by Peter Hall and colleagues, pioneers the field of modern planning history. It would be valuable if we could organise ourselves in the next few years to do and to sponsor more historical work to identify and to evaluate the impact of the planning methods of the '60s and '70s on the cities of the '70s and '80s. Who could predict the outcome of such work!?


New evidence suggests that low levels of trans fatty acids (TFAs) may not be as harmful to human health as previously thought, even if industrially produced


We report a simple and green approach to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets at room temperature based on Zn reduction of exfoliated GO. The evolution of GO to RGO has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen in the RGO can be tuned from 1.67 to 13.7 through controlling the reduction time. Moreover, the conductivity of the RGO is measured to be 26.9±2.2 kS/m, much larger than those previously obtained by chemical reduction through other reducing agents. More importantly, the resistance of the RGO film with 20 nm thickness can be as low as 2 kΩ/square, while a high transparency over 70% within a broad spectral range from 0.45 μm to 1.50 μm can be retained. The proposed method is low-cost, eco-friendly and highly-efficient, the as-prepared thinner RGO films are useful in a variety of potential application fields such as optoelectronics, photovoltaics and electrochemistry by serving as an ultralight, flexible and transparent electrode material.


Background: The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic was followed by a race for development of a vaccine against it. Covishield was one of
the vaccines approved and successfully rolled out in many countries, including India, even before its phase III clinical trials were over. This study
was done to determine the pattern of AEFI of Covishield vaccine. ACross-sectiona Methods: l study was conducted at a designated government
vaccination site in Kannur District. 100 individuals above 18 years of age who had received both doses of vaccine were selected using simple
random sampling. Data collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through phone interviews of the participants was analyzed using
descriptive statistical analysis. The mean age of the study population w Results: as 47.37±11.9 years. 79% and 26% of individuals had experienced
some form of AEFI after the 1st and 2nddose of vaccine respectively. The common AEFI reported include fever, local tenderness, malaise and
headache.More number of younger participants(<45 yrs) reported AEFI after rst dose, with a signicant association between AEFI after 1st dose
and age. Only minor AEFI were reported after each dose, with AEFI reported more Conclusion: commonly after the rst dose than the second
dose.There was a statistically signicant association between the age of the participants and AEFI after 1st dose, with more AEFI being reported by
individuals who were <45 years old. No such association was found between age and AEFI after the 2nddose of vaccine. Gender and comorbidity
were not found to have any association with the reporting of AEFI.


The utility model discloses a separating tooling platform structure. The tooling platform structure comprises a tooling base, a tooling platform, a first tooling guide plate, a second tooling guide plate, a first oil cylinder and a second oil cylinder, wherein tooling guide posts are fixed on the tooling base; tooling guide sleeves are fixed on the tooling platform; the tooling guide posts are matched with the tooling guide sleeves; a first guide plate sliding slot and a second guide plate sliding slot are formed in the tooling platform; the first tooling guide plate is mounted on the tooling base in a sliding manner through the guide sleeve of the first guide plate and the guide post of the first guide plate; the second tooling guide plate is mounted on the tooling base in a sliding manner through the guide sleeve of the second guide plate and the guide post of the second guide plate. By the adoption of the separating structures of the tooling platform and the tooling base, the tooling platform structure can be clamped by separating from a workbench, the clamping time for processing a device is shortened, and the time for processing the device is ensured; the tooling base and the tooling platform are convenient to combine and stable in connection, and the production efficiency and the production quality are improved.


The old adage of 'what gets measured gets done' is as true today as it was when it was first coined. Managers often see the value of hard numbers, as these are supposed to remove the problems associated with subjective judgement and the interpretation of qualitative data. That is why we today have balanced scorecards, quantified performance measures and marketing audits, as well as textbooks such as The Science of Decision Making (Denardo 2001) and Marketing Engineering (Lilien & Rangaswamy 2004).


to each book is followed by its full text from the NRSV interspersed with sectionby-section commentary. There are also occasional excursuses treating more involved matters of cultural background or theological relationships with other New Testament writings (e.g., pp . 52-53 on "shadow and reality" in Greek philosophy and pp . 105-07 on James's relation to Paul). Of both Hebrews and James, Gench observes that they evidence some of the strongest Jewish influence of all New Testament books while nevertheless being clearly and fundamentally Christian. She characterizes James's frequent "echoes of the teachings of Jesus" as the "most striking" aspect of its specifically Christian features (pp. 82-83). She also does a fine job of treating the difficult problems raised for JewishChristian relations by Hebrews's claims of Christianity's superiority over Judaism (e.g., pp . 8-10). Rejecting attempts to formulate "supersessionist" theologies, Gench sets Hebrews's claims "within a first-century context of differentiation and self-definition" as Christianity emerged out of Judaism. She urges modern Christians to "exercise sensitivity and caution in their interpretation and appropriation of Hebrews" while nevertheless "appreciating] Hebrews' powerful witness to God's decisive and sure word in Jesus Christ."


The investigations on the seasonal incidence of mango fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) was carried out at the mango orchard, College of Agriculture, N.A.U., Bharuch during 2012-13 to 2014-15. The three year pooled data revealed that the fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis was active throughout the year on the mango orchard. The fruit fly population fluctuates at various time interval and range between 4.47 to 128.60 fruit flies per trap with maximum catches (128.60 fruit flies/trap) recorded in 28th standard meteorological week (SMW) i.e. 9th to 15th July, while minimum catches (4.47 fruit flies/trap) recorded in 3rd standard meteorological week (SMW) i.e. 15th to 21st January. The pooled analysis of all the three years showed that significant positive correlation was observed between minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, wind velocity and rainfall with fruit fly population while, it had significant negative correlation with sunshine hours.


Objective To explore the correlation of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and one-year cardiac events in patients after acute myocardial infarction.Methods Eighty-two patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) were included.Blood samples for measurement of BNP at 24 huors after the onset of STEMI were obtained and clinical events including death,reinfarction and heart failure were recorded during one year of follow-up.Results:①Serum levels of BNP become elevated after the onset of STEMI.②The level of BNP had the better accuracy to detect death,reinfarction,heart failure and all cardiac events(AUC:0.92,0.81,0.67,0.84 respectively;P value:0.002,0.001,0.041,0.000),the optimal cutoff value of BNP was 173.61pg/ml,160.62 pg/ml,158.96 pg/ml,158.96 pg/ml respectively.③ The survival time of patients with BNP above 162.70 pg/ml was shorter than that without(339d vs 365d,P=0.025;306 d vs 352 d,P=0.0009;306 d vs 352 d,P=0.023;244d vs 341 d,P=0.000).Conclusion The elevation of BNP level in patients with STEMI has better prediction value of one-year cardiac events.


As a SME industry many challenges faced by entrepreneurs in central SMEs Pasar Bengkel to remain able to survive. The construction of the Medan - Tebing Tinggi toll road becomes a challenge for SMEs Pasar Bengkel entrepreneurs to remain able to survive in the business souvenirs typical Market Bengkel in Serdang Bedagai regency. For that apply the Business Canvas Model as one of the solutions for SMEs to be able to survive in reaching the target market. This study aims to support the model of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), using a canvas model developed by Alexander Osterwalder. Based on the variables raised in this study and hypothesis model, this research includes descriptive research. Based on the nine blocks as the tools used in the customer segment is the customer that must be managed is the customer who accidentally came to shop, the value proposition of selling quality products in mass production that can be sold or deposited to other business actors. Marketing channels using social media and other promotional tools. Customer relationships with respect to hospitality, display products and provide food processing information to customers. In revenue streams using business to business activities; mass sales and do mouth to mouth marketing strategies. The main resources use various sources such as raw materials, equipment and technology utilization. Key activities that social media management can take and management of production and materials. Partnership is done to farmers and government. Pay attention to the cost structure of product processing, wages, packaging and equipment maintenance.


ABSTRACT Historically, traditional wedding customs reflected marital values and gender power dynamics. Though preference for egalitarian partnerships and marriages is growing, patriarchal and heteronormative wedding traditions remain popular. This study aims to understand the dissonance between marriage values and wedding traditions by comparing college students' ideals and intended practices regarding traditional heterosexual wedding customs, such as the bride being given away by the father and taking the groom's last name. Based on a survey of 291 college students in the southeastern U.S., we find that students, particularly straight women, generally have more egalitarian ideals than intended practices. LGB individuals have a weaker preference for wedding traditions as ideals and as intended practices. While those who think marriage should always be egalitarian are less likely to support certain traditions, they are no different from their less egalitarian counterparts in ideals or preferences about the proposal, suggesting this tradition may be particularly engrained in social expectations regarding weddings.


The purpose of this study to determine the magnitude of the effect of diesel engine modifications to the level of tractor noise and the magnitude of the effect of zeolit stone against the eco-friendly exhaust. This research is a design and engineering research by modification of environmentally friendly diesel engine exhaust. The data obtained in the analysis by compared the efficiency of the tool before the modification will then become a reference in making a description of the results of the modified muffler. Based on the results of the study that the modification of the eco-friendly diesel exhaust shows the exhaust noise level before modification of the maximum average of 94.77 dB and at least 90.23 dB and after modification average 94.59 dB and at least 89.51 dB. and the level of exhaust fumes diesel engine exhaust show average already modified 0,010633 gram and before modification show average 0,026868 gram


Medical research aims to improve health for everyone. While its advances are undeniable, the pace and cost of the progress are not optimal. For example, independent analyses concluded that at least half of the published biomedical research findings are irreproducible, and most scientific papers are never read or cited. This paper examines biomedical research holistically, as a system of incentives that shape the behavior of scientists, administrators, publishers, and funders, and are detrimental to medical progress. We identify opportunities to change and improve those incentives by altering the way research output is disseminated and evaluated, and recommend transparent, data-driven measures of methodological rigor, reproducibility, and societal value of scientific discoveries. Embracing these opportunities would maximize our investments in biomedical research and optimize its value to human health, while simultaneously increasing freedom, creativity, and satisfaction of the scientific workforce.


Combining a genetically engineered epothilone analog known as utidelone with capecitabine significantly improved progression-free survival in women with metastatic breast cancer who were refractory to anthracycline and taxane regimens.


This investigation was concerned with the effects of coal properties and process variables, such as fluidized bed depth, superficial gas velocity, coal to magnetite feed weight ratio, and processing time, on coal cleaning efficiency in a bubbling fluidized bed dry coal purifier. The coal cleaning experiments were carried out on various size fractions of Pennsylvania's bituminous coal, Rushton coal. Angular magnetite was used as the host material to enhance segregation. The performance of the coal cleaning process was measured with the aid of sulfur and ash removal efficiencies. Previous experimental results and those obtained in this study showed that coal particle sizes smaller than 30 mesh and larger than 140 mesh can be cleaned with high efficiency in the fluidized bed separator. For coal particle sizes smaller than 140 mesh, bed slugging and channeling occurred due to high interparticle cohesive forces, resulting in a relatively poor cleaning performance. The results also indicated that the air fluidi...


Iv INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 Calcium Sulfate Equilibrium 6 Calclum-Sulfur-Oxygen Reactions 10 Kinetics of Decomposition Reactions 13 Adsorption 20 DEVELOPMENT OP MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS 24 Adsorption in Gas Chromatography 24 Adsorption Isotherms 39 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 4? Gas-Solid Adsorption 49 Apparatus 49 Procedure 52 Preparation of adsorbents and adsorbates 52 Obtaining adsorption chromâtograms 55 Calculation of adsorption values 56 Correlation of data with ChakravartiDhar equation 58 Determination of heat of adsorption 68 Experimental limitations 70 Results 74 Surface area from butane adsorption 7^ Adsorption on calcium sulfate 78 Adsorption on calcium sulfide 82 Adsorption on calcium oxide 87 High Temperature X-ray Diffraction 98


Teahouses have been long considered as effective social-cultural body which were then and in their years of service changed into a fixed place for performance of Iranian traditionalreligious performances and some other minor players. The present paper is trying to review the past and present place of a teahouse in the performance of traditional-religious plays and to answer the question that whether we are able to perform Iranian plays in their revived form and establish new places for performance in other contemporary social and cultural centers and bodies. So, main objective of this paper is to give an applied pattern on the basis of the present community needs. In this way we first review the subject of teahouse, conditions for the establishment and formation of the teahouse as a fixed place for Iranian play's performance and then study and define the special and architectural relation between teahouse and places of performing Iranian plays. Keywords— Traditional-cultural plays, space and architecture of teahouse.


In this article I approach the relationship between marriage and migration from the perspective of transnational Sikh women who are, or seek to, separate from their husbands, or who have been widowed. Given the dominant ideals surrounding Sikh marriage, how do migrant women negotiate their non-married status, and how does this relate to their stage in the life course, their geographic location and their kin networks? The article draws attention to the significance of location as mediating women's experiences in terms of social norms, policies and networks. Although marriage remains central in the lives of South Asian women, I seek to show that expectations and experiences are not immutable, but are influenced by the women's stage in the life course, their access to material resources, and their kin networks within and between places.


This reflective paper emerges from the reflections on my experience to carry out narrative studies in Pakistan —a country where narrative research in education is still very young. Field-notes, reflective journals and research memos were the key sources of triggering reflections on my learning to take the identity of a narrative researcher in a context where this approach is very young. My reflections show the learning experience in conceptualising and practicing narrative studies in the country. The paper shows that I took the roles of an insider, co-constructor of stories, and trust-builder while taking up the identity of a narrative researcher in Pakistan. In addition, becoming a gender sensitive and knowing language and culture of the research participants enabled me to take up the role smoothly.  Findings have pertinent implications for life history research studies in Pakistan and elsewhere.


Understanding the involvement of promoter DNA methylation changes in the development of breast cancer may be highly informative for designing more effective therapeutic treatments. We recently characterized the Sperm Associated Antigen 6 (SPAG6) gene, encoding a flagellar motility protein, as a potential DNA methylation biomarker for blood-based early breast cancer detection. Here we present the first study to evaluate the functional role of SPAG6 in human breast cancer. In silico analysis of the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and Illumina HiSeq data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed in both normal (n=114) and breast cancer patient tissues (n=1104) to determine SPAG6 DNA methylation and expression. Stable SPAG6 overexpressing cancer models for in vitro analysis were obtained by lentivirus-mediated gene delivery in T-47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 breast cancer cells. Subsequently stable mock and SPAG6 cell lines were compared in cellular assays. In addition, involvement of SPAG6 in EMT was analysed by qPCR and immunolabeling experiments. All major molecular subtypes of breast cancer (luminal A, luminal B, basal-type, HER2-enriched) revealed a tumor-specific increased SPAG6 promoter hypermethylation that correlated with strong reduction in SPAG6 mRNA expression. Interestingly, a small group of luminal breast tumors exhibited SPAG6 mRNA overexpression compared to normal breast tissue. SPAG6 overexpression caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) in colony formation in basal MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells. In turn, luminal T-47D cells overexpressing SPAG6 showed a significant increase in colony formation (p=0.0004) and both T-47D-and MCF-7 cells overexpressing SPAG6 exhibited a robust increase in migration speed (p<0.0001). In SPAG6-positive T-47D cells SNAIL, TWIST1 and Vimentin expression was found to be significantly upregulated, while E-Cadherin expression was supressed. SPAG6 overexpressing T47D cells showed a typical epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This was accompanied by a nearly complete displacement of both actin and E-cadherin from cell-cell junctions. Our in vitro analyses give functional evidence that SPAG6 has a profound effect on colony formation, migration and intercellular junction composition in breast cancer cells. Our study is the first to show opposing SPAG6 effects in a single tumour entity depending on the molecular subtype. We propose that SPAG6 might be a key player for inducing the EMT program in luminal-type breast cancers, driving tumour progression and metastasis.


AbstractTell Qasile, in the area of the Eretz Israel Museum in north Tel Aviv, is the location of a small town founded in the twelfth century BCE. The site has significant importance for the study of various aspects of the Iron Age period in Israel. The buildings at the site were constructed of mudbricks on stone foundations. Conservation of buildings at the site was carried out using three methods: 1) building roofs (in roofed areas no other conservation was needed); 2) conserving mudbrick walls by plastering them in modern plaster made up in imitation of ancient building material; 3) full restoration of buildings up to roof level (carried out in one case). These methods were successful, and, due to the location of the site within a large museum compound, it is utilized for archaeological education, mainly of schoolchildren.


The objective of this study was to investigate the transport kinetics of cyclosporin A, a well known substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the expression of the transporter in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The in vivo transport clearance of cyclosporin A was significantly reduced in diabetic rats compared with that in the control. The decreased transport was associated with the increased level of mRNA and the protein for P-glycoprotein in the rat brain. The functional activity of the efflux transporter in mouse brain capillary endothelial (MBEC4) cells, an in vitro model of the BBB, was also stimulated when slow nitric oxide (NO)-releasing donors were present, whereas the stimulation was absent in the case of rapid NO-releasing donors (e.g., S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine and diethylenetriamine). The stimulatory effect was highest for sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the functional induction associated with the increased mRNA and protein level of the transporter. The pretreatment of the cell with SNP along with ascorbate, methylene blue, or superoxide dismutase attenuated the induction of function and expression for P-glycoprotein, suggesting that the reaction product between superoxide and NO is involved in the induction of function and expression. The level of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and DNA binding activity of nuclear extracts to the NF-κB consensus oligonucleotide was increased in MBEC4 cells pretreated with SNP. Taken together, these observations suggest that nitrosative stress leads to the up-regulation of the message for the efflux transporter and, ultimately, to the enhanced function, probably via a NF-κB-dependent mechanism.


Patients with hypertension who are treated intensively are less likely to have major cardiovascular events, stroke, or progression of albuminuria or retinopathy than those treated less intensively, but intensive lowering had no meaningful effect on myocardial infarctions, heart failure, or mortality.


Mac‐1, a β2 integrin, which is involved in cellular communication, has been implicated in leukocyte‐mediated inflammation. We recently discovered a class of small molecules, termed leukoadherins (LA), which are suggested to be Mac‐1 agonists, modulate cell adhesion, alter leukocyte‐induced phagocytosis and are, in general, anti‐inflammatory agents. In this study, we investigated how LA‐induced Mac‐1 activation modulates LPS‐induced TLR4 signaling pathways by affecting cellular localization of transcription factors Fox03 and NFκB. Using an optimized protocol for immunofluorescence, the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of Fox03 and NFκB were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, in the presence and absence of LA and LPS, in both RAW cells (murine leukocytes) and isolated PBMCs (human leukocytes). Our results show that LA causes NFκB to remain cytosolic and causes Fox03 to localize to the nucleus. Since Fox03 is a transcription factor that inhibits production of pro‐inflammatory chemokines, such as IRF‐7 & IFNα, and since NFκB is a transcription factor that promotes the production of pro‐inflammatory chemokines, such as TNFα and IL‐18, modification of cellular localization of either factor impacts inflammation. The results suggest that the anti‐inflammatory effects of LA may involve the Mac‐1 induced degradation of MyD88, which inhibits the IKKα/β pathway, which retains NFκB in the cytoplasm, and inhibits the AKT pathway, which allows for Fox03 to localize to the nucleus. Leukoadherins, therefore, represent a novel class of anti‐inflammatory medicines that have potential to treat disease such as glomerular nephritis, cancer metathesis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.


In this article, we develop a finite-sample distribution-free procedure to test the beta-pricing representation of linear factor pricing models. In sharp contrast to extant finite-sample tests, our framework allows for unknown forms of nonnormalities, heteroscedasticity, and time-varying covariances. The power of the proposed test procedure increases as the time series lengthens and/or the cross section becomes larger. So the criticism sometimes heard that nonparametric tests lack power does not apply here, since the number of test assets is chosen by the user. This also stands in contrast to the usual tests that lose power or may not even be computable if the number of test assets is too large. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


Objective: This paper was aimed at exploring the effects of bone graft (BD) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the fracture healing and the functional recovery of the elbow joint of patients with humeral condylar bone defect (HCBD). Methods: 184 HCBD patients treated with autogenous bone graft (ABG) in our hospital from February 2018 to July 2019, were enrolled and divided into two groups. Those treated with BG combined with PRP were in a joint group (n = 101), and those treated with traditional surgery were in a control group (n = 83). The two groups were compared in terms of surgical indicators. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) were used to assess the patients' pain severity and elbow functions before treatment, and one month and three months after treatment. Before and after treatment, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was observed. The patients were observed and recorded for their postoperative adverse reactions. Their recovery was also measured and recorded. The Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) was used to evaluate their postoperative quality of life (QOL). Results: After treatment, the surgical indicators in the joint group were significantly better than those in the control group, and the expression of the cytokines was significantly lower in the joint group. One month and three months after treatment, the VAS scores were significantly lower, while the MEPS scores were significantly higher in the joint group. After treatment, compared with those in the control group, patients in the joint group had a significantly lower total incidence of complications, significantly better recovery, and significantly higher ADL scores. Conclusion: For HCBD patients undergoing ABG, PRP can accelerate fracture healing, relieve pain, and improve the functions of the elbow joint.


For developing the two genes PCR detection of Koi herpesvirus(KHV),two pairs of primers were designed according to sequence of KHV available in GenBank,targeting the TK and Sph gene.The specificity,sensitivity assay and clinical samples were tested by using the optimized reaction system.Results showed that the specific fragments 570 bp and 155 bp were able to amplified.The method was applied to detect clinical samples and the result showed 100 % consistence with PCR.These results could be serve as a basis for further studies on the TK and Sph genes and their application in diagnosis of KHV.


: A new process of isolation high- solidified fat from fish oil by solvent was investigated in this study.The effect of different solvent fish oil rate(0. 5, 1. 0, 1. 5, 2. 0, 2. 5 )and different temperature(- 8° C,- 11° C,- 15° C,- 20° C)on liquid oil obtain rate, melting point and contents of EPA and DHA was main studied.The results showed that high- solidified- point fat could be isolated by solvent isolation when solvent fish oil rate was 1. 0 and 1. 5, temperature was- 8℃ and- 11℃ ,also when solvent fish oil rate was 1. 5, 2. 0 and 2. 5, temperature was- 15℃ and- 20℃ .Liquid oil obtain rate could above 80%, and contents of EPA and DHA become highly。


Introduction: Performing Terrorism Where Words Fail Writing Under Ground The Art of Hunger Show, Trial, and Error SUICIDE = MURDER = SUICIDE Conclusion: Voices and Echoes


Felodipine is an antihypertensive drug with poor oral bioavailability due to the first pass metabolism. For improving the oral bioavailability, felodipine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed using trimyristin, tripalmitin and glyceryl monostearate. Poloxamer 188 was used as surfactant. Lipid excipient compatibilities were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. SLN dispersions were prepared by hot homogenization of molten lipids and aqueous phase followed by ultrasonication at a temperature, above the melting point. SLNs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, entrapment efficiency and crystallinity of lipid and drug. In vitro release studies were performed in 0.1N HCl and phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 using dialysis method. Pharmacokinetics of felodipine-SLNs after oral administration in male Wistar rats was studied. The bioavailability of felodipine was increased by 1.75 fold when compared to that of a felodipine suspension.


An editorial in the BMJ that appeared shortly after thepoblica-tion of the Acheson report on p0mary health care in irnner London began swih the assertion, "Britain's inner cities have some of the worst social and medical probloms combined sith some of the poorest primary care services. This has been known for a long time ...."'1 The results of a survey among genralprctitioners in five healthd authorities in Greater Manchester, reported in the BM recently,, suggested, however, toat innsr London may be unique in the diversity and intensity of its problems of medical manpower. Contrary to popular belief, there is no concentration of isolated, elderly, single handed doctors with small lists and no lack of healoh centres and purpose built premises in the Manchester-Salford inher city partrership area. But therc is a striking concentration of doctors who qualified overseas and a bclow average proportion of young doctors. Although valuable for manpower planning, information about general pracitioners' characteistics tellus notling about how well or how poorly the services are organised. This paper, lherefore, considers whether the primary health care services in the Mantchesttt-Salford inner city partnership area are in general less well staffed, Iess well equipped, or less wellorganised lhan services in adjacent "outer" areas. Like the previous paper, this one dnwson data obtained from interviews conductedwilh 485 generalpractitioners in five health authorities in Greater Manchester in 1981.' Firstdy, the paper compares practices in the inner and outer areas on ccrtain organisational critera that general practitioner, control-that is, the employment of practice staff, clinical records and equipment, and thl use of appointments systems and deputising services. Secondly, it examines links between general practitioncrs, community nursts, and hopitals, hich are not controlled by general practitioners. Inside the practice STAF EMPLOYED BY PRATICE Inncr tty practices may be less well staffed than practices elsewhere.' Although virtually all practices in both the inner and outcr areas in Greatcr Manchester cmploy some staff, practices in the Manchestcr-Salford inner area employ a narrower rangc of staff than practices in the adjacent outer area (table I) In the inner area a high proportion of practices employ cleical staff only and a correspondingly low proportion havc practice managers-defined as someone who takes responsibility for any aspect of practicc organisation other than reception, filing, and corrospondence-and practice nurses.


A method of applying protective measures to pass books, wherein - taken from the passports after automatic separation from a magazine (7) and to a workpiece carrier (4) are placed, - the workpiece carrier (4) with the passport book is moved in steps in translation to a plurality of stations, - at least one sheet of a passport is automatically turned over at each station, - on each of the opened sheet perforation is attached by means of laser, - a plurality of superimposed sheets are perforated simultaneously, and - the perforation is made conical.


Contents @toc4:Illustrations and Tables iii Preface iii @toc2:Introduction 1 1. On the Rivers and Lakes 000 2. Sympathy Versus Antipathy 000 3. Legend Has It 000 4. Coping with Mendicants 000 5. Ruling the Street 000 6. The Wisdom of Mendicancy 000 7. Men's Limbs and Women's Mouths 000 8. Chairman Mao Picked on a Beggar 000 Conclusion 000 @toc4:Character List 000 Appendix: The Sound of Mendicity 000 Notes 000 Bibliography 000 Index 000 @fmct:Illustrations and Tables @fmh1:Map @fmli:1. China at the Turn of the Twentieth Century 000 @fmh1:Figures @fmli:1. Beggar of the Longhua Pagoda 000 2. Beggar figurines 000 3. Worshipping a patron saint 000 4. Emperor Zhu 000 5. Han Xin 000 6. Wu Zixu 000 7. The Eight Immortals 000 8. Beggar foster father 000 9. A beggar's "waist plaquette" 000 10. Children at a Beijing soup kitchen 000 11. A beggar headman 000 12. A night watchman 000 13. Beggars on government duty 000 14. The God of Fortune 000 15. New Year's spectacle 000 16. A funeral procession 000 17. Sidewalk petitioner 000 18. Snake charming 000 19. Mother and child 000 20. Competing with a dog for food 000 21. Lai Dongjin in Mao's hometown 000 @fmh1:Tables @fmli:1.1 Vagrants in the 1931 Yangzi River Flood 000 1.2 Shanghai Beggars' Previous Occupations and Incomes 000


The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on all levels of society. In particular, micro-entrepreneurs have experienced a decline in income and reduced mobility in buying and selling activities. The government provides stimulus assistance, Productive Assistance for Micro Enterprises (BPUM), to reduce this impact. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Micro Business Productive Assistance (BPUM) Program in Kediri City. The results are achieved by collaborating with each actor who played a role in the action program and individual projects, the resulting outcomes, and analysis of supporting factors and obstacles to implementing the BPUM program in Kediri City based on the Merilee S. Grindle implementation policy model. This study uses qualitative research methods with case study methods. The study's results found that program implementation needs to be improved by understanding and further coordination by program implementers to make it better and more efficient. This research contributes to the excellent collaboration of each actor who plays a role in action programs and individual projects by using implementation policies from Merilee S. Grindle so that microenterprises are more actively seeking information assistance from the government either directly or indirectly. In addition, the government can update the amount of data for micro-entrepreneurs and make backups through a one-door system, so that duplicate data does not occur when registering or submitting assistance.


In a previous report we addressed the socialization of
Malawian medical students during the years of basic science
training. Here we turn to the heavily clinical training of the
final three years of medical school. Malawi Medical Journal Biology Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 68-70