A study to estimate heterosis of 45 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 10 diverse lines of cucumber was carried out at MVRS, AAU, Anand during 2015-16. Observations on characters viz., fruit yield per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, number of primary branches per plant and number of fruits per plant were taken. Analysis of data revealed that all hybrids differed significantly within themselves for all the characters under study. The hybrid ACUS 13-60 x ACUS 9-51 exhibiting the highest heterotic effect over standard parent (GCU 1) for the characters, fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant can be exploited for commercial cultivation. For fruit length and number of primary branches per plant, none of the hybrids showed positive significant standard heterosis. The hybrid ACUS 9-50 x ACUS 9-51 and ACUS 13-58 x ACUS 1360 exhibited the highest standard heterosis for fruit girth and fruit weight respectively.


This chapter addresses legal aspects of Marine Genetic Resources (MGR) in relation to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It discusses whether and how scientific research on MGR should be managed, and talks about policy issues relating to the exploitation of MGR, principally in areas beyond national jurisdiction. In particular, it refutes the assertion that MGR fall under the regime established in Part XI of UNCLOS as part of the "common heritage of mankind". The chapter argues that scientific research on MGR in areas beyond national jurisdiction can and should be handled by the international scientific community. It posits that the interests of mankind will best be served by using areas beyond national jurisdiction as a source for scientific invention and capacity building benefiting all nations of the world. Keywords: international scientific community; Law of the Sea; Marine Genetic Resources (MGR); UNCLOS


T A mIEN a teacher gives a published test VV of almost any skill that develops more or less continuously, such as reading, writing, or arithmetic, at the beginning of the school year and a parallel form of the same test at the end, the average score is practically certain to rise. In addition to the fact that teachers are better at their jobs than most people realize, all the forces of growth are on their side, just as all the recuperative powers of the body are on the side of the physician. If we ever need evidence to confound our critics, we can find it in the difference between initial and final averages on standardized tests. If it should occur to the critic, however, or even to a friendly inquirer to find out how much the lowest fifth on the initial test had gained, then the middle fifth, and then the highest fifth, he could upset our apple cart. In most cases it would turn out that the students who made the lowest initial


We analyzed continuous GPS data collected from 2002–2020 to characterize slow slip events (SSEs) in and near the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. These data are bisected by the 5 September 2012 Mw 7.6 earthquake. The displacement time series contain multiple signals, including plate convergence, plate interface locking, coseismic and postseismic deformation, seasonal oscillations, SSEs, and noise. GPS‐measured coseismic and postseismic displacements associated with the Mw 7.6 earthquake are modeled and removed by a step function plus multiple timescale relaxation processes with four characteristic times: 11, 94, 470, and 1,865 days. Seasonal oscillations are eliminated using a multichannel singular spectrum analysis (M‐SSA). Ten major SSEs (Mw > 6.6) are observed in the remaining time series, with a constant recurrence interval of 21.7 ± 2.6 months. SSEs occur in both shallow (~10 km) and deep (~35 km) portions of the plate interface, but the latter last longer and have larger magnitudes. There is minimum to no slow slip in the Mw 7.6 seismic rupture area and a persistent slow slip patch beneath the Nicoya Gulf entrance. Despite strong earthquake‐related stress perturbations, the inter‐SSE locking status on the megathrust is very similar between the late and early stages of the earthquake cycle and includes locked patches that ruptured in the 2012 earthquake or continue to rupture via SSEs. Some locked patches offshore south of the Nicoya Peninsula did not rupture in 2012, do not participate in SSEs, and may be indicative of supercycle behavior, that is, strain accumulation over several seismic cycles. These areas warrant heightened monitoring.


In many countries, due to the exhaustion of industrial production and the exhaust emissions of a large number of fuel vehicles, air pollution problems are also increasing, which has a negative impact on the ecological environment and people's health. Reducing the impact of air pollution on people and improving air quality are inseparable from the monitoring of air. The following problems are common in previous air monitoring systems: large energy consumption, short-life, limited communication distance, and high maintenance cost. In this paper, an air pollution index (API) monitoring system was built using the Internet of Things technology and Sigfox low-power wide area network (LPWAN) communication technology to solve the above problems, and this air pollution monitoring system was tested at the University of Limerick.


The ability of the helicity decomposition to describe compactly the dynamics of three-dimensional incompressible fluids is invoked to obtain new descriptions of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous turbulence. We first use this decomposition to derive four coupled nonlinear equations that describe an arbitrary three-dimensional turbulence, whether anisotropic and/or non-mirror-symmetric. We then use the decomposition to treat the inhomogeneous turbulence of a channel flow bounded by two parallel free-slip boundaries with almost the ease with which the homogeneous case has heretofore received treatment. However, this ease arises from the foundation of a random-phase hypothesis, which we introduce and motivate, that supersedes the translational invariance of a turbulence that is hypothesized to be homogeneous. For the description of this channel turbulence, we find that the three-dimensional modes and the two-dimensional modes having wave vectors parallel to the boundaries each couple precisely as in a homogeneous turbulence of the corresponding dimension. The anisotropy and inhomogeneity is in large part a feature incorporated into the solenoidal basis vectors used to describe an arbitrary solenoidal free-slip flow within the channel. We invoke the random-phase hypothesis, a feature of the dynamics, with closures, such as Kraichnan's direct-interaction approximation and his test-field model, in addition to the one most utilized in this manuscript, the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) closure.


Background:
 In many countries, coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of death, and stable angina pectoris (SAP) is the most common initial symptomatic presentation. Despite the contemporary evolution of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stenting and a drug-coated balloon, restenosis and repeat revascularization still remain major concerns and are limiting the efficacy of PCI in patients with SAP . The characteristics of high-risk coronary atherosclerosis evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) were suggested to have a prognostic role. Inflammatory biomarkers may be related to coronary artery disease severity. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the association of high-risk coronary plaque morphologies detected by OCT with circulating inflammatory biomarkers and adverse cardiovascular events.

 Methods:
 We prospectively analyzed the data of 30 consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) between April 2020 and November 2020 in our university hospital. Inflammatory biomarker measurement and an OCT analysis focused on high-risk coronary plaque features were performed. Based on the coronary plaque risk score (CPRS), patients were defined as having a low CPRS (CPRS ≤3) or high CPRS (CPRS ≥4). The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR).

 Results:
 TLR occurred in 6 patients (20%) within 15 months after PCI. A high CPRS assessed by OCT was directly correlated to TLR (P=0.029). In a logistic regression analysis, the CPRS was associated with TLR (odds ratio, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-74.5). Among inflammatory biomarkers, MCP-1 was significantly correlated with the CPRS (P=0.020).

 Conclusions:
 In patients with SAP, the CPRS may be a potential surrogate index for predicting TLR. MCP-1 might be useful for detecting high-risk coronary atherosclerosis.


As much as possible to provide at a fire own safety, to keep a life and health of people close to you, it is necessary to make quickly correct decisions. The author describes an operations procedure at a fire of usual citizens, and also actions of heads and officials.


Ectopic impaction of a tooth is a rare occurrence. If occurs with mandibular third molars (M3), it is commonly associated with pathologic lesions. Asymptomatic impactions go undetected. The associated lesions, if any, can grow to a considerable size and cause significant morbidity. Since few numbers of cases detected and reported, the etiology of such impactions remains unclear. Similarly, the unusual anatomy of the mandibular canal (inferior alveolar canal) is extremely rare and probably is because of the "jetting" effect, immediately following canal constriction due to ectopically placed M3.


Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are unique light-independent ecosystems that are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria. For many of the invertebrates inhabiting in such environments, bacteria play essential roles in both energy acquisition and detoxification of potentially toxic gases such as H2S. In this study, the bacterial flora present on the gills of Alvinocaris longirostris (Bresiliidae: Caridea), a shrimp inhabiting hydrothermal vents (1532 m depth) at the Hatoma Knoll of the Okinawa Trough, was investigated. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were successfully amplified from the gills and 70% of these fragments showed an identical pattern in the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. These fragments were assigned to the ribotype AL-1. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that AL-1 forms a monophyletic clade with Sulfurovum spp. (e-Proteobacteria). Fluorescence in situ hybridization for AL-1 and electron microscopy showed the presence of short-rod bacteria lining up on the cuticular layer of the surface of the gill filaments. These results suggest that bacterial association with gills also occurs in bresiliid shrimps.


(57) [summary] programming applications to create a data repository interactive multi-media applications, including access to and rendering for multimedia files that are stored in the (IMA) 239 is, other than the access and rendering for multimedia files, interactive first and selectable software module, configured code set to render accessing the media code from the stored multimedia file in the data repository to provide the functionality of the formula multimedia applications, and programmers but including a layer editable to be able to program a restriction to restrict access by IMV for pre selected media files, at least one selected And a function of interactive multimedia viewer (IMV) 227 software module. Multi-media files that are stored in the data repository, represents a multi-media transaction, date, time, participants, file type, relationship to the company affiliation, subject or matter, and other multimedia files of the participants, of the the tag corresponding to one or more, usually characterized, IMV227 is limited to a layer of the multimedia file through the editable layers.


Unani medicine is a unique system of medicine but its basic principles are mostly based on observation that needs scientific validation. The seven physiological factors are needed to be scientifically validated. Among these seven factors, the most controversial topic is the temperament. Although it is the most studied topic and a lot of work & research studies has been done since 25 years and still to be continue. But still we are lagging behind because the work done is scattered and not compiled at one place. Normal temperament of an individual is a condition in which he survives comfortably with all the symptoms of healthy life. For a particular species the temperament is specific, lying in a particular range of maximum to minimum limit within which the temperament for all members of that species is confined. Temperament forms the basis of pathology, diagnosis and treatment. Thus it is necessary to ascertain some parameters to diagnose the human temperament. The Unani physicians have mentioned various parameters for assessment of temperament. However the most appropriate were given by ibn-e-sina which are collectively known as Ajnas-e-Ashra (ten parameters). A number of studies have been done on almost each parameter for determination of temperament which validates the Unani concept that there is a relationship between Ajnas-e-Ashra and Temperament of individuals. The first category in Ajnas-e-Ashra is Touch ( Malmas ) on which two to three research studies has been done, second one is Muscle and Fat( Laham-wa-Shaham ) on which four studies has been done and so on. Purpose of this paper is to amalgamate all the researches at one place which has been done to assess the temperament through various methods. Now the need of hour is to make use of these studies and patent those instruments which have been made to assess the temperament through these studies and use these instruments and techniques directly for assessment of temperament instead of Ajnas-e-Ashra . Further research studies related to this topic will be discussed in full length paper.


Several authors have pointed out that the Andean high altitude waters constitute a very interesting hotspot of biodiversity. Studies of these water bodies could significantly increase the number of Neotropical endemics among the Cladocera. One of the above mentioned taxa is described here as Alonella hampelae sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae). This new species belongs to the " excisaclathratula " group, characterized by the carapace strongly reticulated and bearing fine striae within the cells of reticulation, but presents several specific morphological characteristics. The most outstanding is the evenly rounded posteroventral angle of the valves that lack any denticles, which is unique within the genus Alonella Sars, 1862.


This article introduces the Technologic way to control waste water to flow without any pollution,including the control of industrial waste water,distributing arrangement,circling usage and others.


Pope Francis titled his recent World Day of Peace message "Nonviolence: A Style of Politics for Peace." The use of the word "style" is unusual but important. It reveals the significance of the way we talk about the questions of violence and peace—our rhetoric, in other words. It has been suggested that talking about "just war theory" can, in fact, obstruct the development and use of nonviolent techniques for the resolution of conflict. My contribution to this roundtable will examine the extent to which that is the case.


On-grid approaches for DOA estimation majorly exhibits the problem of grid mismatch. Coarse grid leads to reduced estimation accuracy and dense grid leads to increased algorithm complexity and performance degradation due to highly correlated array manifold matrix. In this paper, a fixed off-grid DOA estimation algorithm is proposed to overcome this grid mismatch problem. Firstly, a sparsity based linear interpolation model for array manifold matrix is proposed to avoid the above limitation by introducing a bias parameter into the estimation framework. To solve this model, an Auto-regression (1) (AR (1)) based sparse Bayesian learning algorithm is proposed. To exploit the temporal correlation property of unknown DOA spatial spectrum in a MMV case, we develop this AR (1) model along with SBL to estimate the unknown DOA spectrum and expectation maximization (EM) framework to update the hyper-parameters. The results section shows that the proposed algorithm enjoys good estimation resolution and accuracy in the cases of fewer snapshots available, highly correlated signal sources, very low SNR and very closely spaced sources.


Interleaved eBusiness processes are essential to providing a personalized total solution. We identify content management and workflow-based active collaboration as key capabilities in enabling interleaved eBusiness processes. In this context, we introduce our recent work in both these areas and show how it supports interleaved e-Business processes. We develop an active collaboration model that is based on event management and collaborative workflow. Basic features required to manage active collaboration and the resulting challenges confronting the workflow field are highlighted. The work in the catalog management area introduces an innovative framework based on the notion of materialized view of web services. The framework further introduces set oriented operations that allow generation of dynamic catalogs. Furthermore, we illustrate the work in the context of an end-to-end prototype that we are currently working on. 1. Introduction Next generation (NG) eBusiness Applications are of strategic importance to the competitive position of enterprises and the economic growth of states. The consensus among experts is that the enablement gap among the three levels of communication & computing infrastructure, business applications, and business use of those has been a primary factor in the technology sector decline and the resulting economic downturn. Enabling NG of eBusiness must be based on process-oriented technologies and applications. This paper introduces the general research problem that we are addressing and then focuses on new requirements for active, collaborative, and content management technologies. The general research deals with the following interdisciplinary problem: " What are the best business and technology models to support the end-to-end NG eBusiness processes in the context of various applications? " Our industry work indicates that NG eBusiness processes and technology must focus on the support for personalized total solution oriented business models. To achieve that, the following major problems were identified: ƒ Flexible Process interleaving models. How to enable intra-and inter-organizational processes to come together in new collaborative interleaved ways in providing a personalized total solution. ƒ Systems and applications models to support those new process models. The key problems to be addressed here are interoperability and context transfer. Issues related to usability and user interfaces, security and privacy, and scalability are crucial in addressing these key problems.-3-ƒ Communication and computing Infrastructure to provide secure broadband support. We identified content management and workflow-based active collaboration key capabilities in enabling interleaved e-Business processes. In this context, we introduce our recent work in both these areas and show how it …


I N both routine hospital practice and clinical investigation, there has long been a need for an instrument that will continually record blood pressure and heart rate without discomfort to the patient. The instrument used in the present study was designed and constructed by Gilford and his associates.l This "physiologic monitor" is primarily intended for use by the anesthesiologist, providing him with a continuous record of the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and minute respiratory volume, at the same time freeing him


Objective To explore the relationship among CEUS modalities and quantitative parameters of pT1clear cell renal carcinoma(CCRCC)and pathological Fuhrman grades.Methods CEUS enhancement pattern and quantitative data of83patients with pT1CCRCC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The enhanced pattern,degree,homogeneity,peritumoral hyperenhanced rim(PHR),as well as arrival time(AT),time to peak(TTP)and peak intensity(PI)got from time-intensity curve software in different grade tumors were observed and compared with Fuhrman grades.Results In 83cases,there was significant differences of PHR and △PI among different Fuhrman grades(all P0.05).The PHR detection rate of gradeⅠ was relatively higher,for which △PI value was lowest,and the PHR detection rate of gradeⅣ was relatively lower,for which△PI was highest.The homogeneity of enhancement in different grade tumors had no statistical difference(P0.05).CCRCC mainly showed "quick in"(61/83,73.49%), "fast out"(34/83,40.96%)and "slow out"(37/83,44.58%)modalities,and there was no statistical difference among different grades(P0.05).Conclusion CEUS characteristics of pT1CCRCC are related to Fuhrman grade,therefore can provide more valuable information.


Approximately 116 unique mutations in the lamin A/C gene have been described to date that are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. We recently reported the discovery of MLIP through its interaction with lamin A/C. MLIP is expressed ubiquitously and most abundantly in heart, skeletal and smooth muscle of amniotes (mammals, reptiles and birds) and has no paralogous homologue suggesting no functional redundancy. The MLIP gene encodes at least seven, alternatively spliced, LMNA-interacting factors that possess several structural motifs not found in any other protein. The MLIP isoforms pattern of expression differs between each of the tissues with heart being the most heterogeneous. Down-regulation of lamin A/C expression by shRNA results in the up-regulation and mis-localization of MLIP. In addition to interacting and co-localizing with lamin A/C we also demonstrated that MLIP localizes to micro-domains in the nucleus with promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in close proximity to chromatin. MLIP9s biological function still remains elusive. Eight week old hemizygous MLIP null mice develop enlarged hearts with a significant increase in heart to body weights (MLIP+/+ 5.62mg/g vs MLIP+/- 10.73mg/g, p In conclusion, MLIP is a newly discovered lamin interacting protein that may serve as a transcriptional regulator that impact genes involved in heart development, growth and function and provides a new signaling paradigm.


The paper presents a review of newest experimental results on particle thermal di!usion in hydrocarbon based ferro#uids. The measurements are performed using a vertical thermal di!usion column, the Soret coe$cient is evaluated from particle separation curves employing a simple column theory which accounts for thermal convection in the vertical channel forced by a concentration buoyancy force arising during the thermophoretic transfer of heavy particles. High positive values of the Soret coe$cient of lyophilized Fe 3 O 4 and Mn x Zn 1~x Fe 2 O 4 particles in surfacted tetradecane based colloids are measured. Experiments con"rm the theoretically predicted anisotropy of particle thermophoretic mobility in the presence of a uniform magnetic "eld oriented parallel or perpendicular to the temperature gradient. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in German was first used with students at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, during the academic year 1965-1966 in an experimental self-study program carried out by volunteers. By June 1966, the mechanical aspects of the program were sufficiently refined to permit the incorporation of CAI into the first-year German curriculum, effective September 1966.1 At Stony Brook there is a two-year language requirement. This amounts to a total of four semesters of three credit hours each. In addition to three contact hours, the student is required to attend a language lab twice a week for fifty minutes or three times a week for twenty-five minutes during the first year. Without attempting to equate the two kinds of labs, we substituted a CAI lab for the two fifty-minute sessions in the conventional lab. One section out of ten was selected as a CAI section, not a statistically representative sampling, but sufficient for evaluating the feasibility of such a program. This did not alter the structure of the course from the student's standpoint, although he could, and often did, spend more time at the terminal than he would have in the conventional lab. The Modern Language Aptitude Test was given at the start of the year to the CAI students and the Modem Language Achievement Test was given at its end. The text employed in the CAI course was Harold von Hofe, Der Anfang, revised ed. (New York: Holt, 1963). The direct method was used, augmented by supplementary pattern drills in the time gained by relegating written work to the new lab.


The objective of the present research work is to intensify the CO2 sequestration process via carbonation process to improve yield and kinetics in the formation of the scalenohedral calcite polymorph of calcium carbonate, which has some valuable applications in paper industry. In the present work, we have synthesized a novel microstructure of scalenohedral calcite by a simple and eco - friendly carbonation process and it has been carried out in liquid-gas system. Various parameters such as temperature, CO2 flow rates and the total volume concentration were investigated to enhance the sensitivity of the process. The highest average length of the scalenohedral calcite was obtained at pH 6.0, temperature 45°C, Ca(OH)2 concentration 0.2M, CO2 flow rate 80mL/min and the total volume 1L. The synthesized calcite was characterized by XRD and SEM to identify the phases and surface morphology. The scalenohedral calcite was applied successfully as filler to improve the optical properties of waste paper recycling of the hand sheets (old newspaper, ONP).


This chapter introduces the benefits of C language-based behavioral synthesis design methodology over traditional RTL-based methods for System LSI, or SoC designs. A comprehensive C-based tool flow, based on CyberWorkBenchTM (CWB), developed during the last 20 years at NEC's R&D laboratories is introduced. This includes behavioral synthesis and formal verification and hardware– software co-simulation of entire complex SoC. First we introduce the "all-in-C" concept based on CWB. Then we discuss the behavioral synthesis for various types of circuits and examine the advantages of behavioral synthesis on the hand of commercial ICs. We show that currently entire SoCs are created using this flow in a fraction of the time taken by traditional approaches. Behavioral IP and C-based configurable processor synthesis and automatic architecture exploration is explained next. At the end we demonstrate a real world example of a mobile phone SoC where most of the modules are synthesized from C descriptions using CWB.


Mary Bosworth has written a valuable ethnography of life inside British immigration detention centers. By detailing the effects of immigration detention, both on the individuals detained and those ...


At the host-pathogen interface, the protein composition of the plasma membrane (PM) has important implications for how a plant cell perceives and responds to invading microbial pathogens. A plant's ability to modulate its PM composition is critical for regulating the strength, duration, and integration of immune responses. One mechanism by which plant cells reprogram their cell surface is vesicular trafficking, including secretion and endocytosis. These trafficking processes add or remove cargo proteins (such as pattern-recognition receptors, transporters, and other proteins with immune functions) to or from the PM via small, membrane-bound vesicles. Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) that form at the PM and trans-Golgi network/early endosomes have emerged as the prominent vesicle type in the regulation of plant immune responses. In this review, we discuss the roles of the CCV core, adaptors, and accessory components in plant defense signaling and immunity against various microbial pathogens. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 57 is August 26, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


We compute the limit shapes of the Young diagrams of the minimal difference p partitions and provide a simple physical interpretation for the limit shapes. We also calculate the asymptotic distribution of the largest part of the Young diagram and show that the scaled distribution has a Gumbel form for all p. This Gumbel statistics for the largest part remains unchanged even for general partitions of the form with ν>0 where ni is the number of times the part i appears.


This paper offers of legal examination of affirmative action in higher education. It describes several court cases regarding student recruitment, admissions, and financial aid; the desegregation context; federal programs; cases regarding faculty employment; and elementary and secondary education. (EV) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Update on Affirmative Action in Higher Education: A Current Legal Overview


SUMMARY In this paper, the stress wave propagation in a coupled pendulum system with friction force is discussed experimentally and numerically. The coupled system is analogous to the one dimensional fault dynamics model in seismicity. However, we will not intend to discuss about the geophysical feature of the system. The system has rich characteristics of the spatiotemporal stress wave propagation effected by nonlinear friction force. The relation between the wave propagation and the vibration of the pendulum is mainly discussed on the standpoint of nonlinear coupled system.


The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in Pretoria is rapidly getting off the grid with the implementation of renewable energy projects as part of its drive to demonstrate the potential of renewable energy in the South African energy industry. South Africa faces a two-fold energy challenge where it struggles to meet its electricity demand, while being one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in Africa. The objective of the CSIR is to provide some expert intervention in the South African energy sector, with focus placed on expanding the energy system in order to meet demand while becoming less carbon intensive. This paper analyses the performance of CSIR's first three photovoltaic projects. The paper focuses on energy yield, performance ratio and the levelised cost of energy (LCOE).


All types of loss which affect public transport on set routes were investigated on test journeys. The percentage time lost by each type of loss of the total journey time was used as a basis for comparison. In Part 1 the reasons for all longitudinal obstructions were evaluated and possible ways of reducing these given. Bus lanes do not only assist, they also create new problems. Edge lanes for buses running against the direction of one-way streets and similar ones in the road central area remain undisturbed. Taxi traffic on bus lanes is not detrimental. The average longitudinal delay in normal times was 3.5%, maximum 10%. The diversion of those turning left away from main intersections to places where at this time there is less or no on-coming traffic (time scattering), results in conditions easier and safer for public transport vehicles on set routes. The rule permitting buses only to turn right at main junctions has proved successful. Part II investigates all transverse obstructions. The reduced right of way does not encumber public transport traffic. Only 0.25% of journey time is lost as a result. Time lost at red traffic signals amounts to 16% for buses and 13% for trams. The co-ordination of signals also assists the public transport vehicle with a time gain of 18% compared with single distribution systems. The integration of private car traffic aided by computers results in more red signal losses with non co-ordinated signals. In 'green waves' the dynamically correct position for the bus stop in relation to the signals is decisive (bus-stop location rule). The red phase can be covered to a large extent by the passenger changing times. Losses at red signals can be reduced in this way almost to 11%. Free switching of the signals by route vehicles only works at certain locations in the network, but works well for groups of signals. Red signals by route vehicles only works at by route-preference. As a means of comparison of the value of control systems the fludidity value is given as a percentage of the vehicles approaching green. For signals without bus-stop a 92% probability of clear way using a modified signal-town route plan resulted. Part III deals with special signals for tramways and buses. The 42 volt technology results in more economy and safety. Because the "permissive signal" - as a conditional free signal - still makes many clear passages possible it ought to be covered by legislation. Also as a conditional halt-sign on pre-signal stretches at over 50 km/h, a permissive stop signal in connection with speed signals could protect against rapid braking under all weather conditions. A supplement illustrates the economic programming with one-way progression on two directional roads and co-ordination with safe left turning traffic. The all important planning units (locally and area related) of construction, traffic control and traffic regulation are illustrated using detailed examples.


The effects of xylanase boosting bleaching of wood pulp and wheat straw pulp are investigated in this paper.The results show that the wood pulp pretreated with xylanase can reduce chlorine charge by 20% with the similar brightness as that of control,while the wheat straw pulp can reduce chlorine charge by 12%~25%.Compared with the control respectively,the strength of wood pulp pretreated with xylanase has no clear change but the breaking length of wheat straw pulp decreases,while the burst index increases.


This paper describes a new methodology of sample preparation for EBIC (Electron Beam Induced Current) mode on power diode. The conventional method cannot be used to obtain EBIC data under die attach because the active layer cannot be reached; the authors have only conduction mode at the die periphery. With the sample preparation, it is possible to perform analysis on all the die. This preparation generates good results on diodes from all manufacturers used in space activity. They have extended this methodology in different fields: failure analysis--construction analysis--reliability tests.


In this paper, I examine a couple of pertinent provisions of the Kenya Constitution, 2010 as they may relate to the Diaspora. According to statistics from the Central Bank of Kenya, remittances from Kenyans resident and working outside of the country form a significant portion of the gross national product (GDP) (Central Bank of Kenya, 2013). Arguably therefore, the Diaspora is one of Kenya's most significant resources, both human and economic. It has been over 4 years since the new Constitution was promulgated with fanfare. At the time, the document was widely perceived as, among other accomplishments, a game-changer in Diaspora engagement and participation. Prof. Makau Mutua opined that "the new constitutional dispensation opens up new and exciting vistas for Kenya's Diaspora to effectively participate in shaping the country's future." In particular, the author will review Article 16 (Dual Citizenship) and Article 38 (Political Rights) and subsequent judicial interpretations and attempt to answer the question: HOW ARE WE DOING? In the author's opinion, the answer is NOT SO WELL. There is little evidence that the country has had any shift in public perception, attitude or policy at the highest levels of government. Rhetoric is one thing, implementation thereof quite another. I conclude that until and unless Kenya creates structures and systems enabling optimum utilization, rather than marginalization and disenfranchisement of the Diaspora, her goal of becoming the economic giant of Eastern Africa will remain a pipedream. Strategic and intentional recognition of the Diaspora as a critical national resource is in the nation's interest. The place to begin is full and progressive implementation of the Constitution.


In September 2017, a senior portfolio manager at Portland Capital Management had all her attention focused on the upcoming initial public offering (IPO) of Roku, Inc. The company had just updated its initial filing to indicate an offer price between $12 and $14, and Portland Capital Management had an opportunity to take a substantial position in that offering. She saw the upside potential in Roku's shift from hardware-related revenue streams (player sales) to platform-related revenue streams (advertising and content purchases made on the platform). But she was also well aware of the riskiness of this strategy and the uncertain state of IPO markets at that time. Excerpt UVA-F-1855 Aug. 7, 2019 Roku, Inc.: Initial Public Offering On September 19, 2017, Michelle Wu, a senior portfolio manager in the Emerging Growth Strategies group of Portland Capital Management, had all her attention focused on the upcoming Roku, Inc., (Roku) initial public offering (IPO). Roku had just updated its initial filing to indicate an offer price between $ 12 and $ 14, and Portland Capital Management had an opportunity to take a substantial position in that offering. Just how substantial was up to Wu. She had recently attended a Roku-sponsored event at the San Francisco Hotel intended to generate interest in the offering, and Wu saw the upside potential in Roku's shift from hardware-related revenue streams (player sales) to platform-related revenue streams (advertising and content purchases made on the platform). But she was also well aware of the riskiness of this strategy and the uncertain state of IPO markets at that time. Wu was not the only person with mixed feelings about a Roku IPO. Recent news articles stressed the lack of a distinct capability that would keep competitors from duplicating any Roku strategy. Many people stressed that the platform strategy relied heavily on agreements to distribute content controlled by others, such as Netflix, Hulu, YouTube, and Amazon. On the other hand, the trend away from subscription and pay television could completely remake the content delivery landscape, and Roku was well positioned to take advantage of that shift—at the time of the IPO, 37% of US households with broadband access used the Roku platform to access content. The appetite for IPOs was another significant uncertainty. The IPO market, as a whole, had recently shown improvement over the sluggish pace of 2016, but the performance of a few closely watched offerings was cause for alarm. Companies typically offered their shares at a discount to the expected market price and, if the stock began trading at this higher price, it could generate a substantial benefit to those who purchased at the offer price. The recent initial offering by Blue Apron Holdings, however, had ended its first trading day in June without any price increase and was trading 45% below its offer price by September. . . .


ALONSO CANO is the most celebrated draughtsman among all Spanish painters. Only Antonio del Castillo, a minor master, who possessed far greater skill with pen or pencil than with the brush, approached Cano's dexterity when working upon paper. As a result of his renown as a draughtsman, Cano's name has been attached to hundreds of drawings which have not even a distant personal connection with him. The major difficulty springs from a habit of collectors in centuries past, that of writing the name of an artist upon the face of a drawing.1 Occasionally Cano's name appears twice upon the same sheet, each time by a different hand.2 Yet such identifications have come to be regarded as signatures of the master.


There is no national Good Samaritan Laws in China to provide protection for those who offer help to others unselfishly during an emergency.The protection so far is simply provided by the local legislations which are low-level and non-standard.As an important supplement to the national legislation,local legislations should be made to solve the practical problems in the administration and meet the local needs.The local governments need to establish a legal framework to provide sufficient relief for Good Samaritans including an efficient state compensation mechanism,a social security system,a "linkage" mechanism for relief and a proper allocation of the compensation fund.


The fluorescent different display technique-PCR (FDD-PCR) was used to analysis differentially expressed gene in fluoride-resistant silkworm Bombyx mori strain 441 and susceptible strain 440, and a differentially expressed gene B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bmbcl-2)(GenBank No.AB008449) was obtained. The Bmbcl-2 contained 19 exons and 18 introns, its splice sites conformed to GT/AG rule. The BmBCL-2 protein contained 965 amino acid, with relative molecular mass 108.800 kD, and isoelectric point 6.370. The protein had no hydrophobic transmembrane anchor region at the C-terminus. Protein analyses indicated that BmBCL-2 belonged to BCL-2 protein family which contained four evolutionarily conserved regions known as BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. RT-PCR results showed that Bmbcl-2 was expressed in five tissues of both 5th instar 441DZ and 440DZ 48 h post treatment with water.When silkworm was treated with or without fluoride(F), the expression of Bmbcl-2 in midguts was higher in 441F and 441DZ than in 440F and 440DZ, respectively.These results indicated that the high expression level of Bmbcl-2 in resistant stain may be related with fluoride-resistance.


Most autoencoder-based generative machine learning models use a two-factor cost function composed of reconstruction error and prior distribution distance. The latter is often evaluated with kernel–based methods. We notice that the impact of the batch size is different on each of the factors: kernel distribution profits from larger batches, while the reconstruction term achieves peak performance on smaller ones. Thus, we define a batch size reconstruction-distribution trade-off. Instead of searching for an optimum global size of the batch, we propose to use small batches for the sake of reconstruction together with a vector enhanced with previously computed latent data for the sake of prior distribution optimization. We evaluate our method on standard benchmarks and illustrate that it can improve the model's generative scores.


In this article the problem of self-consciousness, in particular of ethnic We concept is considered from the point of view of the theories of disposition and cognitive dissonance. Self-consciousness (individual and ethnical) as the product of self-cognition is analyzed from the point of view of functional links of its substructures. The special attention is given to the connection) between a functional state of ethnic self-consciousness and ethnic self-identification. Investigating features and psychological mechanisms of functioning of ethnic self-consciousness, the author bases on the data received by empirical research of self-consciousness of the Armenians.


Purpose: Recently,
considerable attention has been given to forecasting, not only the mean and the
variance, but also the entire probability density function (pdf) of the
underlying asset. These forecasts can be obtained as implied moments of future
distribution originating from European call and put options. However, the predictive
accuracy of option pricing models is not so well established. With this in mind,
this research aims to identify the model that predicts the entire pdf most
accurately when compared to the ex-post "true" density given by high-frequency
data at expiration date.
 Methodology: The
methodological part includes two steps. In the first step, several probability
density functions are estimated using different option pricing models,
considering the values of major market indices with different maturities. These
implied probability density functions are risk neutral. In the second step, the
implied pdfs are compared against the "true" density obtained from the
high-frequency data to examine which one gives the best fit out-of-sample.
 Results: The
results support the idea that a "true" density function, although unknown, can
be estimated by employing the kernel estimator within high-frequency data and
adjusted for risk preferences.
 Conclusion: The
main conclusion is that the Shimko model outperforms the Mixture
Log-Normal model as well as the Edgeworth expansion model in terms of out-of-sample
forecasting accuracy. This study contributes to
the existing body of research by: i) establishing the benchmark of the "true"
density function using high-frequency data, ii) determining the predictive
accuracy of the option pricing models and iii) providing applicative results both
for market participants and public authorities.


Membrane-based separation technology has attracted great interest in many separation fields due to its advantages of easy-operation, energy-efficiency, and easy scale-up and environmental friendliness. The development of novel membrane materials and membrane structures is an urgent demand to promote membrane-based separation technology. Graphene oxide (GO), as an emerging star nano-building material, has showed great potential in the membrane-based separation field. In this review paper, it is briefly reviewed the preparation and characterization of GO. Then, the preparation method, characterization, and type of GO-based membrane are summarized. Before that the general concept behind membrane technology is presented.


The Asia region is seeing the largest expansion of telecommunications in history. From rural communications to information superhighways, the demand for equipment and services is possibly the fastest growing in the world. What is driving it? How is it to be financed? Where will the equipment come from? Trade in telecommunications and related services is also growing rapidly in the region, and is forcing many Asian governments to respond and protect their national interests. At the same time, local Asian companies are becoming regional players in their own right. This book is an examination of these issues. It provides a searching analysis, and a detailed and comprehensive account of the telecommunications industry in the developing economies of South East and East Asia.


The offset voltage of the dynamic latched comparator is analyzed in detail, and the dynamic latched comparator design is optimized for the minimal offset voltage based on the analysis in this paper. As a result, 1-sigma offset voltage was reduced from 12.5mV to 6.5mV at the cost of 9% increase of the power dissipation (152µW from 136µW). Using a digitally controlled capacitive offset calibration technique, the offset voltage of the comparator is further reduced from 6.50mV to 1.10mV at 1-sigma at the operating clock frequency of 3 GHz and it consumes 54µW/GHz after the calibration.


Evaluating explanation techniques using human subjects is costly, time-consuming and can lead to subjectivity in the assessments. To evaluate the accuracy of local explanations, we require access to the true feature importance scores for a given instance. However, the prediction function of a model usually does not decompose into linear additive terms that indicate how much a feature contributes to the output. In this work, we suggest to instead focus on the log odds ratio (LOR) of the prediction function, which naturally decomposes into additive terms for logistic regression and naive Bayes. We demonstrate how we can benchmark different explanation techniques in terms of their similarity to the LOR scores based on our proposed approach. In the experiments, we compare prominent local explanation techniques and find that the performance of the techniques can depend on the underlying model, the dataset, which data point is explained, the normalization of the data and the similarity metric.


The copyrights protection in the creative industries is a prerequisite for respecting intellectual property right,invigorating innovation power and transferring copyright to wealth.The paper,based on the present situation of the development of copyrights in Ningbo creative industries,analyzes the difficulties in the work to protect such copyrights and proposes countermeasures to improve the work.


For many years the dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus has been based on the belief that there are two major classifications of carbohydrates: simple and complex. It has been believed that simpl...


Tabuhan Island is one of the underwater tourist destinations in Banyuwangi, East Java Indonesia, with beautiful coral reefs and reef fish. The increase of tourism activities has an impact on the decline of the coral reef ecosystems. This condition will affect the abundance of reef fish. This study aimed to determine the abundance of reef fish in the conservation of Tabuhan Island. The study was conducted in November 2017. The determination of the location used purposive sampling through the Intercept Line Transect (ILT) method, while the observation of the reef fish was conducted using a visual census. The total of the individual reef fish that had been found was gathered from three observation stations, totaling 1,037 individuals, consisting of 21 species from 6 families. Family Apogonidae dominated as many as 49%, Pomacentridae 42%, Labridae 4%, Mulidae and Balistidae 2% and Lutjanidae 1%. Shannon's diversity index (H') was 2.32, the Equitability index (E') was 0.34 and the dominance index (C') was 0.14. The level of diversity of the reef fish in the waters of Tabuhan Island was moderate with low uniformity and dominance categories.


This study focuses on the user-interface of the route guidance system with an electronic map display. The ultimate goal of the study is to aid in designing electronic map displays that can deliver information to the user most efficiently and expeditiously with minimum confusion. To evaluate the efficiency and understandability of a map dis- play, laboratory experiments were designed and conducted in this study. In the experiments the subjects were presented with electronic map displays of different attributes and per- formed a set of tasks. Their understanding of the information contents was measured based on the outcomes of the tasks, and subjective ratings of the ease of using the maps were obtained. Using the experimental data obtained, a structural equations model system is developed to explain the understandability of a map display in terms of the subject's attributes and the characteristics of the map display. The experimental procedure and the modeling results are presented in this paper.


3D point cloud is a simple data structure representing both static and dynamic 3D objects. Though providing close-to-reality visualization, point clouds with high density raise massive demand for storage while sparse point clouds used for navigation require high precision. The emergency of compression technologies is mandatory in the form of standardization. A walkthrough for the technical approaches exploited in the two frameworks (V-PCC and G-PCC) under the MPEG standardization process is presented. Though with certain limitations, the achieved promising compression performances indicate a foreseeable evolution of the standard and a bright future for point cloud compression technologies.


Lactobacillus flora of healthy persons and the properties influencing the protective function of lactobacilli are described. It was shown that the species and quantitative composition of the Lactobacillus flora in healthy persons was characterized by individual features and the Lactobacillus flora of separate microbiotopes was different. Furthermore, the properties defining the protective function of lactobacilli in the host: colonization capacity, direct antimicrobial activity and interference with other protective mechanisms were also different in separate species and even strains.


Agrochemicals are commonly used in agriculture to protect crops and ensure yields. Several of them are mobile within the plant and, being perceived as xenobiotics regardless of their protective/curative roles, they induce a reprogramming of secondary metabolism linked to the detoxification processes even in the absence of phenotype symptoms. Moreover, it is well documented that plants, thanks to the root exudation of different metabolites, are able to shape the microbial population at the rhizosphere and to significantly affect the processes occurring therein. Here we show that plant metabolic response to foliarly-applied pesticides is much broader than what previously thought and includes diverse and compound-specific hidden processes. Among others, stress-related metabolism and phytohormones profile underwent a considerable reorganization. Moreover, a distinctive microbial rearrangement of the rhizosphere was recorded following foliar application of pesticides. Such effects have unavoidably energetic and metabolic costs for the plant paving the way to both positive and negative aspects. The understanding of these effects is crucial for an increasingly sustainable use of pesticides in agriculture. Highlight The foliar application of pesticides induces a broad metabolic reprogramming in plant and shapes the microbial population of the rhizosphere.


The purpose of this literature review is to identify and address major themes in the distance education literature, particularly as they relate to interactive television (ITV) and student satisfaction. Major themes include satisfaction based on site-type, previous research biases, faculty-student interaction, characteristics of satisfied learners, qualitative differences in satisfaction, satisfaction with regards to traditional versus ITV courses, attitudinal changes and time progression. In addition to summarizing this literature, this review intends to expose critical gaps and offer suggestions for future research. (62 references) A Review of the Literature The purpose of this literature review is to identify and address major themes in the distance education literature, with a focus on higher education, particularly as they relate to interactive television (ITV) and student satisfaction. Major themes include satisfaction based on site-type, previous research biases, faculty-student interaction, characteristics of satisfied learners, qualitative differences in satisfaction, satisfaction with regards to traditional versus ITV courses, attitudinal changes and time progression. In addition to summarizing this literature, this review intends to expose critical gaps and offer suggestions for future research. (62 references) Method of Literature Selection


Dwarfism has always excited curiosity bat, until recently, there baa been no systematic approach to the wide range of medical problems which face the dwarfed individual.


The soil is treated by composing of infinite thin soil layer with a round hole on the based of Novak plane assumptions,and the stiffness and damping coefficient of equivalent Winkler torsion spring-damper is got,and then,the torsional dynamic diffident equations of embedded pile and exposed pile are established,by considering the continuity conditions and boundary conditions of embedded pile and exposed pile,the torsional vibration of partially embedded single pile is solved.The research indicates that the torsional vibration partially embedded pile has resonance phenomenon like fully embedded pile,and the trosional vibration of partially embedded pile can be reduced to the case of fully embedded pile when the length of exposed pile reduced,and the torsional effect of soil to pile will be larger when the modulus of soil increases.


To honor the increasing commitment of students in the education of their fellow students, the "GMA award for teaching students" was granted to outstanding projects concerning education in university medicine for the second time at the annual conference of the Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA), the Association for Medical Education in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.

Background is the still increasing involvement of medical students in the improvement of the education of fellow students, for example in peer-teaching-courses, the development of teaching materials, curriculum planning and development as well as scientific research projects concerning medical education. The GMA award for "teaching students" wants to support and honor this kind of student involvement. The award will be granted by the Executive Board of the GMA to outstanding achievements and projects in academic medical education, especially for

The (co-)development and implementation of curricula or extracurricular elements (peer-teaching courses, modules, classes, etc.)

The (co-)development and the successful implementation of teaching and learning materials

The (co-)development and implementation of innovative assessment methods

other measures for the improvement of the curricula or medical education in general (for example counseling and supervision, quality assurance, etc.)

The "award for teaching students" was developed last year by the Executive Board of the GMA in close relation to the "award for young teachers" and in collaboration with the "Committee for Young Medical Teachers".

After the call for applications this spring, 14 applications were handed in.


The article provides data on freeliving freshwater nematodes, recently collected in Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and Taiwan. Brief descriptions of most notable species are given. Diagnoses of the genus Mactinolaimus and species Ironus gagarini Tsalolikhin, 1987 are emendated.


Abstract : Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as defined in DSM IV-TR, is the most common and conspicuous psychiatric problem associated with the stress experienced by soldiers in combat yet it is often misunderstood even by frontline primary care providers. Diagnosis of PTSD requires exposure to a traumatic event that involves experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted by death or serious injury to self or others; a response of intense fear helplessness, or horror; and development of a set of symptoms that persist for at least a month and cause significant impairment of functioning (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Some factor analytic studies have demonstrated four basic dimensions of PTSD symptoms (e.g., King, Leskin, King, & Weathers, 1998): reexperiencing (e.g., nightmares flashbacks), avoidance (e.g., efforts to avoid thinking about the trauma), numbing of general responsiveness (e.g., restricted range of affect), and hyperarousal (e.g., exaggerated startle response), but some suggest other complex relationships between symptoms (McWilliams Cox, & Asmundson, 2005). Most individuals who develop chronic PTSD experience immediate distress that then persists over time (Buckley, Blanchard, & Hickling, 1996). However, a small but significant number of individuals reports increases in PTSD symptoms over time (delayed onset PTSD; Gray, Bolton, & Litz, 2004).


Absract: The alleged impossibility of ethics after poststructuralism has been of some concern for everyone as ethics directly bears on the sustainability of the universe. The thought of M.K.Gandhi and Emmanuel Levinas, two visionaries of the East and the West , is selected as touchstones, to demonstrate both the viability of ethics as well as the inclusive character of their views. Even as one can hardly call Gandhi as a poststructuralist, Gandhian ethical framework is attuned to post structuralism. The thought of Levinas bears the stamp of approval of Derrrida himself.


Abstract. We propose and demonstrate the use of the cost-effective electric arc writing method for the all-fiber cylindrical vector beam (CVB) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam generation in few-mode fibers (FMFs) for the first time to the best of our knowledge. We show that this technique enables the writing of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with pitch values as small as 238  μm, which is required in some high-index contrast specialty fibers tailored for the stable guiding of CVB and OAM modes. Conversion efficiencies around 81% are measured for three different symmetric CVBs. The polarization-dependent properties of the fabricated gratings are elucidated, and we report a polarization-dependent loss of about 2.5 dB across the different CVBs. By means of a fabricated LPFG, we further demonstrated the all-fiber generation of the OAM states with topological charge (±1) at the output of the FMF. The results are relevant to the fields of space-division multiplexing, optical sensors, and optical tweezers that would benefit from a compact source of quality CVB and OAM beams of high average optical power.


The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition as a traditional Chinese medicine regulatory human body cellular immunity agonist. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following traditional Chinese medicine bulk drugs in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of ginseng flower, 5-10 parts of radix astragali, 10-20 parts of mythic fungus, 5-10 parts of Chinese angelica, 5-10 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 5-10 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10-20 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 5-10 parts of kiwi fruit roots, 5-10 parts of dioscorea opposite and 5-10 parts of pseudo-ginseng. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is capable of activating human body NK cells (Natural killer cell), improving the percentage and the killing activity of NK cells in human body peripheral blood T lymphocyte subgroup, and further utilizing the natural killing effect of NK cells to inhibit and kill malignant tumor cells, and is applicable to prevention and treatment on various malignant canceration such as liver cancer, lung cancer, biliary duct cancer, stomach cancer, intestinal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hypopharyngeal carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, lymph cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical carcinoma, vagina carcinoma, buccal mucosa cancer and the like.


The optimization of magneto‐optic media for data storage applications involves a detailed consideration of the impact of material properties on the overall performance and reliability characteristics of the complete media design, which includes both the active layer structure and the substrate material. Currently, the most highly developed materials for the active layer are the amorphous rare earth‐transition metal (RE‐TM) alloys. The RE‐TM composition determines both the Curie temperature and the compensation temperature, both of which parameters affect the sensitivity, and therefore the data rate which can be achieved using currently available diode lasers. The thermal and optical characteristics of the active layer thin‐film structure affect the sensitivity, and also determine the degree of enhancement of the shot‐noise‐limited SNR during playback. Reliability of magneto‐optic media is affected by uniform surface oxidation of RE‐TM alloys, which leads to reduced Kerr rotation through the formation of a...


Starting from the climate environment and the tree species resources of Datong City,this paper makes investigation and analysis on the distribution and species of the gardening trees and the satisfaction degree of residents.


With the development of computer technology and Internet,more and more office hosts have been connected to Internet,the threat of sensitive information leakage becomes serious.Therefore,it is extremely necessary to detect whether documents contain sensitive information.In order to solve the low precision and low recall problems caused by the traditional query expansion retrieval methods,this paper built an ontology of sensitive information for users' interest,proposed a concept similarity query expansion algorithm based on the interest ontology,and described an experimental case to verify the feasibility of algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the precision and recall of the traditional methods.


The same boys of different somatotypes were being studied the interrelation between the changing of their physical health and physical qualities during every period between 11 and 14 years. The received information testify to the existence of the features of the statistical correlations between the indices under consideration that is evidence of the necessity of their taking into account in the process of forming of the optimal programs for the improving the physical qualities in aspect of their content the phenomenon of the positive transference of the training effect for the prediction of the final results, first of all, in the improvement of the physical health of the teenagers.


Abstract Jubilee Shelter in the Magaliesberg of the North West Province, South Africa, was occupied by hunter–gatherers during three phases of agropastoralist contact. This contact began in about 225 A.D. when Bambata pottery was introduced to the site. At this stage there was no change in the hunter–gatherers' seasonal pattern of aggregation and dispersal. Later there is evidence for cooperative contact between the hunter–gatherers and the farmers and considerable changes are recorded in Jubilee Shelter. Seasonal markers alter and evidence for aggregation disappears. At the same time Stone Age scrapers appear in the local Iron Age village of Broederstroom and it appears that hunter–gatherers may have been processing hides for the villagers. When Late Iron Age settlement began in the Magaliesberg, the impact on hunter–gatherers was even greater. In Jubilee Shelter material culture becomes impoverished and in the local Iron Age villages there are also few Stone Age artifacts. At this stage, the hunter–gatherers either became assimilated into the village communities or moved to other areas.


1 PhD Economics (AIU), MSc Economics (UZ), MBA (ZOU), MCom Finance (GZU)* 2 MSc Finance & Investment, BCom Banking & Finance, IOBZ 3 MSc Economics (UZ), BSc (Hons) Economics (UZ) Abstract: Financial stability contributes to the stability and growth of a nation. There has been a sharp growth in use or trading of derivatives in both mature and emerging markets. The Zimbabwean financial sector is still not trading in derivatives security, yet Zimbabwe Stock Exchange is among the oldest and largest in Africa.The trading of derivatives is done in two types of markets: organized exchanges and over the counter.Investors generally use derivatives for three purposes: risk management, price discovery, and reduction of transaction costs.Apart from generating cash in the adverse states of the world, derivative instruments also can smooth cash flows through its interaction with the operating decisions. The study rallies behind the development of derivatives market in Zimbabwe in the face of liquidity challenges currently facing the economy. The impact of market risk on corporate activities should never be undermined and hence the corporate sector should be aided in the elimination of market risk. The study is a policy prescription, which examines the importance of derivatives and their suitability in Zimbabwe, to strengthen the financial sector. The study identified the derivatives sector as the missing link to viable financial sector and hence economic growth.


Currently, various methods based on magnetic nanoparticles are being considered for the treatment of cancer. Among these, magnetic hyperthermia and magneto-mechanical actuation are the most tested physical methods that have shown promising results when applied both separately and in combination. However, combining them with specific drugs can further improve antitumor efficiency. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis to determine the best combination of hyperthermia, magneto-mechanical actuation of silver-coated magnetite nanoparticles (MNP@Ag) and chemotherapy (mitoxantrone) capable of destroying tumor cells in vitro while maintaining normal cells in their state of increased viability. The results showed that of the nine treatment configurations, the only one that satisfied the safety condition for normal cells (fibroblasts) and the highly cytotoxic condition for tumor cells (HeLa) was the combination of all three triggers. This combination led to the decrease in HeLa viability to about 32%, while the decrease in fibroblast viability reached 80%. It was observed that the cytotoxic effect was not a sum of the separate effects of each trigger involved, but the result of a nonlinear conjugation of the triggers in a dynamic regime imposed by the magneto-mechanical actuation of the nanoparticles. We conclude that by using such a treatment approach, the need for chemotherapeutic drugs can be substantially reduced while maintaining their therapeutic performance.


The paper presents an analysis of the impact of life quality at the level of interpersonal dialogue in legal practice of mining regions as the ratio of different subjects there characterizes social-and-cultural environment in general. The attention is given to the fact that the development of social-and-economic potential and independence of the subjects in mining regions in the Russian Federation and other countries makes important the social and cultural factor influencing the development of social stability. The attention is given to the fact that law enforcement on nature and environmental issues depends on the social-and-cultural environment of a particular region and from mentality, legal and environmental awareness, etc. of a particular subject. It was determined that the slowdown in economic growth and an increase of the interests in environmental pollution problems have led not only to the reassessment of the role of coal in China's economic policy, but also touched the problems of social policy, including issues of life quality and law enforcement.


The study investigates the socioeconomic impact of the United African Apostolic Church gathering on the rural tourism industry and on surrounding rural communities in Vhembe District Municipality of South Africa. Questionnaires were used to collect data on pilgrims (visitors), businesses and residents during and immediately after the event. A significant finding is that the average spending per pilgrim by pilgrims from the rest of South Africa is larger than their Limpopo and foreign pilgrim counterparts. Out of every R100 of pilgrims spending only R2.16 remains in the local economy. The study also reveals consensus among residents that the annual pilgrimage gathering promotes morality, improved socialization as well as a sense of feeling good and proud of their community.


Aims and objectives: Earlier reports have shown that maxillofacial fractures have a geographic and sociodemographic pattern. The aim of this paper is to document the pattern of maxillofacial fractures and evaluate the treatment outcome for such injuries in Owo, a suburban community in South Western Nigeria.
Materials and methods: Medical records of patients who sustained maxillofacial fractures and were treated between January 2007 and December 2010 at the Dental Services Department of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owo were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data and clinical information were recorded and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Seventy-nine patients representing 12.3% (79/644) of all trauma related admissions in the hospital and 1.3% (9/6226) of all attendees at the dental clinic for the period under review were seen by the maxillofacial Unit (yearly total =19.8) . Patients' ages range from 2 to 75 years (mean 32.9 +/- 13.3 years). Male to female ratio was 12.2:1. The majority of the facial fractures were due to motorcycle accident and Inter-Maxillary Fixation (IMF) was the commonest treatment modality. Post-operative complications were recorded in 11 patients (17.7%).
Conclusion: Young males on motorcycle are more at risk and should be targeted for education on preventive measures. Relevant legislations should be enacted and enforced to curb motorcycle accidents.


he regression tree [1] has been used as a tool for exploring multivariate data sets for some
time. As in multiple linear regression, the technique is applied to a data set consisting of a contin-
uous
response
variable
y
and a set of
predictor
variables
{
x
1
,x
2
,...,x
k
}
which may be continuous
or categorical. However, instead of modelling
y
as a linear function of the predictors, regression
trees model
y
as a series of 'if-then-else' rules based on values of the predictors


Aiming at represent hybrid system completely, the system was modeled by multi-model from different points of view. The state model based on hybrid automation and the object model based on system theory were modeled, and the mathematic representations of the models were described. Then the relationship and the characteristics of the models were analyzed to illustrate the similarity and the difference of the models. The application field of the different models were also described, thus the theory base of modeling and application of hybrid system was provided. At last an example was given to prove the validity of the models.


The microstructure and piezoelectric properties of Pb0.98Sr0.02(Mn1/3Sb2/3)0.1Zr0.47Ti0.43O3 ceramics were investigated systematically as a function of SiO2-doping contents. XRD patterns show that the piezoelectric ceramics are perovskites and phases shift from tetragonal to rhombohedral with the increasing of SiO2 doping amount. The experimental results indicate that the composition with w(SiO2) of 0.1% has better properties when the samples are sintered in the condition of 1 300℃ for one hour:er=1 642,tgδ=0.004 3,kp = 0.57,K31= 0.33, Qm=155 3,d33=325 pC· N–1. The modified compositions are practically suitable for piezoelectric motor and transfer applications.


Aim:  Maternal substance use has been associated with a range of child risk factors. The study investigated the relationship between engagement with child health services and child protection outcomes for children of substance‐using mothers.


The functions of mobile Internet service are growing, and customers are becoming more satisfied with the service by gaining new experience. Presently, the mobile telecommunication market is at its pick with profitability beginning to decrease and customer requirements increasing. Thus, there is a strong need among service providers to study a new strategic approach to mobile telecommunication market. Likewise, there is a lack of academic research done on mobile Internet service related topics with respect to many studies done in the field of voice-oriented service. This research identifies the factors determining the customer satisfaction on mobile Internet service which we consider is at its early stage of innovative mobile telecommunication. From that, we hope to improve the customer loyalty on the service and suggest new business strategies to continuously maintain and expand its customer base. We analyzed the relationships between the seven factors and customer satisfaction and evaluated the impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. Based on the statistical analysis of the survey data, we show that trust, usability, customer service, and telecommunication quality significantly affect customer satisfaction. Further, we made the suggestions to improve the customer satisfaction on the mobile Internet service to achieve the continuing success in the mobile business. This study can be used as the reference of designing the strategy for expanding the business scope of mobile Internet service and motivating the further studies on the related topics.


Economy and society of town and country of Guizhou has continuously developed,the income of residents has continuously increased,and the living standards have raised remarkably since reforming and opening to the out-side world for more than thirty years. But in the meanwhile,whole province has faced many prominent problems in the course of coordinate developments of town and country. These prominent problems can be solved by promoting transferring of the rural surplus labor,increasing the synthetical quality of the peasants,pushing on the process of urbanization actively and other measures,thus vigorously promoting coordinate developments of town and country of the whole province.


Propolis is one of the products produced by Tetragonula biroi bees which comes from resin collected by honey bees from various plants, which mixes with saliva and various enzymes to produce different new resins and bees collect other than resin to build nests with other materials. ingredients taken directly from nature. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of propolis propolis structure, the percentage of propolis waste and residue in nests of T. biroi in South Sulawesi. The data collected was then processed using descriptive methods. The results showed that the average percentage of propolis pillars was 30%, propolis batumen 26%, propolis involucrum 24%, propolis brood cells 6%, propolis pollen pots 4%, and contained in nests in the form of small wooden branches 6%, leaves 2.27 %. The percentage of waste in nests from Bone was 22.43% and a residue percentage of 77.56%, nests from Luwu had an average waste percentage of 19.19% and a percentage of propolis residue 80.8%, then nests from Soppeng had an average waste percentage of 18.92% and a residual percentage propolis 81.06 %.


This research studies the effectiveness of treating children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using a cat robot developed to enhance their social interactions. Researchers from the department of social welfare, electrical engineering, and design conducted an interdisciplinary fusion research for this purpose. Children with ASD tested the developed robot over five sessions and its effectiveness was analyzed. Results showed that most participating children showed increased meaningful interactions with the robot and teachers and the robot's potential use was confirmed as a treatment medium for ASD children.


The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system covers the barrel region of the ATLAS muon spectrometer [1] in the pseudo-rapidity range |η|<1.05, with six independent detector layers exclusively providing the first level trigger signal and the track coordinate in the non-bending plane of the muon candidates. The system is designed to operate up to the nominal Large Hadron Collider luminosity ( ℒ = 1034 cm−2 s−1) which has been already exceeded thanks to the excellent performance of the collider. The experience in operating the present RPC system, up to the maximum instantaneous luminosity of 2.06 × 10 34 cm−2 s−1 reached in 2017, is reported. The performance of the system, in the severe background and pileup conditions of the last data taking period, is presented together with the improved tools implemented in order to have an effective monitoring of the detector status. The plans to successfully operate the present system during the HL-LHC phase are also introduced.


Regenerative frequency dividers with input frequency in the range of 100 MHz to 1 GHz were studied. The phase noise of such dividers shows a 1/f spectrum corresponding to 155 dB. These performances are much better than those of GaAs digital frequency dividers. Using these regenerative frequency dividers at the VHF output of a synthesizer, a frequency source of high spectral purity was achieved, working in the range of 5 to 20 MHz. It can be used to test the spectral purity of oscillators in this frequency range.<<ETX>>


The invention provides an automatic stamping-forming machine tool which comprises a straightening device, a feeding device, a pressure feed-stopping device, a stamping device, a shearing device, a bending device, a shaping device and a transmission device; wherein, the stamping device comprises a horizontal stamping punch and a vertical stamping punch; the bending device comprises four forming cams which are connected and coordinated with the transmission device and four sliding blocks which are respectively coordinated and linked with the four forming cams; the four sliding blocks array in an orthogonal way so as to accomplish the bending actions in four directions with the sequence of the bending actions adjustable; the shaping device comprise an independent motor and a transmission mechanism which is coordinated and connected with the motor. The invention has the advantages of a combination pressure processing machine integrating stamping, shearing, bending and shaping into a whole as well as high production efficiency, simple operation, reduction of operators and convenient maintenance; the invention also has the advantages that small-sized complex parts with irregular shapes can be processed at one time and the invention is applicable to batch production of stamping parts, shearing parts, bending parts and forming parts.


Analysis of data from two bilateral conjunctival allergen challenge studies of olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.2% showed that ocular itching was prevented in a higher percentage of eyes treated with olopatadine when compared with vehicle.


This paper examines the existence of a cyclical pat tern in property-liability insurance for the US over the recent period 1982-2001 in connection with the international price of reinsurance during the same period. The fluctuations in the price of r einsurance during the past twenty years have been documented recently in the business literature . If the price of reinsurance decreases, reinsurance becomes more affordable for insurance c ompanies and this will be reflected in more capacity, price competition and finally an increase in the loss and combined ratio. Our study is using a price index developed recently for this per iod of time and based on Swiss Re's global book of business. We show that the reinsurance pric index exhibits a significant cycle of almost 9 years. The beginning of our observation period starting in 1982 coincides with previously found structural breaks in the loss ratio series. We find that inclusions of the reinsurance price and/or th e money market rate do not contribute much to the exp lanation of the loss ratio in property-liability insurance, whereas the loss ratio does help to expl ain the fluctuations in the reinsurance price index. This supports our hypothesis of the internat io l diversification effects of reinsurance operation and a proliferation of cycles or large in surance shocks through international reinsurance services. Correspondence: Ursina B. Meier J. François Outreville Carl Spitteler-Strasse 24 Department of Finance CH 8053 Zürich HEC Montréal +41 43 499 05 00 University of Montréal, Québec, Canada firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com The authors are grateful to Bertrand Villeneuve, Em ilio Venezian and David Cummins for their comments on an earlier draft.


The article dwells on the problems of formation and development of services sphere in the Republic of Tajikistan. The authors strove to determine the factors promoting an accelerated development of the sphere of services, they find its development in the growth of labour productivity resulting from scientifico-technical progress, creation of specialized firms performing services, extension of consulting services, utilization of automatization abilities of the sphere of services and inculcation of nanotechnologies.


The unprecedented task of constructing a lunar base could easily overwhelm any existing terrestrial construction management system. Couple this with the overall need for lunar surface operations to support the construction efforts and a whole new requirement emerges - an integrated surface operations planning tool. This paper proposes a conceptual solution and lays the framework for developing a new, sophisticated and intelligent tool for the lunar construction crew to use. This concept integrates expert systems for critical decision making, virtual reality for training, logistics and laydown optimization, automated productivity measurements and an advanced scheduling tool to form a unique new planning tool. Extensive use of computers and expert systems software to support the actual work - the only thing that ultimately matters in terrestrial or lunar construction - while allowing the crew to control the project from the lunar surface.


Objective: To study the effect of QGLS on Tumor Necrosis Factor α(TNF α)in serum and the gallbladder tissue. Methods:The 40 rabbits were divided randomly into four groups:the normal control group, the model group and two groups treated by QGLS decoction and Long Dan Xie Gan(LDXG)decoction respectively. Except the normal group, the others were operated. The LDXG and QGLS decoction treating groups were filled drugs through gastric tube once a day, as well as the normal controls and the model group were filled water. After 7 days, got the blood samples and killed the rabbits to examine the gallbladders pathologically. Measured TNF α in serum and 200 mg gallbladder tissue. Results:the TNF α of QGLS group in serum and gallbladder were significantly lower than them of model group ( P0.01), and the TNF α of gallbladder tissue in QGLS group was significantly lower than that in LDXG group ( P 0.05 ). The pathological injures of gallbladder in QGLS group was lightest. Conclusion:QGLS decoction had better anti inflammatory effect than LDXG decoction and the change of TNF α in serum was alike that in gallbladder tissue.


We would like to dedicate this issue to the memory of Journal of Korean Studies board member Nancy Abelmann, who died January 6, 2016, at age fifty-seven. At her death Nancy was Associate Vice Chancellor for Research and the Harry E. Preble Professor of Anthropology, Asian American Studies, East Asian Languages and Cultures, and Gender and Women's Studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She was a shooting star who burned brightly in the Korean studies field, which is now a little darker due to her passing. With The Journal of Korean Studies Nancy was an author, of course, and a good referee of manuscripts, who used her wide circle of scholarly acquaintances to find us reviewers when she couldn't do it herself. She guest edited, with Jesook Song, Volume 17, Number 2 (Fall 2012) "Korea through Ethnography." More than that, however, she mentored students who, in turn, became authors who have published in the journal. Fitting for an issue dedicated to Nancy, we have a wide variety of articles covering issues of gender and sexuality: the affective weight of mothers-in-law, new social statuses for female shamans, women in ethnocultural peril depicted in cinema, and the politics of the body in seventeenth-century Korean love tales. We also have two articles on development and space in early modern Seoul. In addition this issue has a couple of unique features: an interview with a North Korean writer and two review essays, one on recent books on North Korea, and the other giving the views of Chinese scholars writing on contemporary Sino–South Korean relations.


to the substitution of glycine 499 by serine (G499S; Fig. 1c). No mutations were found in K17, K16, K6a or K6c. No such mutation was found in her parents and the 100 unrelated controls (Fig. 1d). Three mutations have been reported in K6b, but this is the first mutation to be reported in the tail domain of PC-2. Another known similar mutation was a insertion mutation located in the tail domain of K6a in PC-1. Unlike epidermolysis bullosa simplex, the correlation between severity of disease and the location of the mutation within the keratin molecule of PC is not clear. Connors et al. detected a case of late-onset PC association with a mutation K354N in the central 2B domain of K16. Our group has reported a mutation N109D in the second half of the 1A domain of K17 with delayed onset PC-2. Terrinoni et al. reported a postzygotic mutation in the V1 domain of K16 with unilateral palmoplantar nevus and delayed onset PC-1. In this report, we found a mutation in the V2 domain of K6b associated with late onset and milder thickened nails. The patients listed above had delayed-onset PC, the milder phenotypes, and their mutation located at the less critical site of the keratins which is consistent with Connors et al. and Xiao et al.'s speculation. In conclusion, we reported a Chinese female affected with delayed-onset PC-2 caused by a novel mutation in the K6b V2 domain. The more PC patients that are reported, the more clinical data is accumulated. It will help expand the understanding of relationship between genotype and phenotype in PC and may give some clues to the cause of the phenotypic variability. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We thank the patient and her family for their participation in this report. The authors declare that there was no funding.


This study aimed to verify the influence of visual stimuli on the written production of students with and without complaints of writing disorders. As subjects, it had 50 students from 4th and 5th grades of elementary school divided in G1 (with no complaints) and G2 (with complaints) who were instructed to perform a written production based on two different visual stimuli. Communicative Competence criteria were used in order to analyze the data. Regarding Generic Competence, the narrative genre was the most used for both groups. In relation to Encyclopedic Competence, there was significant difference only for the figures in sequence. Concerning Linguistic Competence, there was difference only in the Global Cohesion. There was no influence of the visual stimuli on the written production for both groups. Nevertheless, individual and social factors might have influenced the results.


Time spent by patients in the waiting room is often wasted. We found over half of rural men responded to a simple checklist addressing lifestyle risks to health. This has the potential to efficiently bring health promotion into the consulting room. (non-author abstract)


Pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN) and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) frequently pose diagnostic challenges. We sought to determine which markers could provide the best immunophenotypic characterization of PEN and SPN, allowing separation on limited cytology samples. We retrieved 22 resected PEN (n = 12) and SPN (n = 10) tumors to serve as a training set for the performance of extensive immunohistochemical staining. Based on these results, we selected a subset of antibodies for application to 25 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples from PEN (n = 16) and SPN (n = 9). Chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and progesterone receptor (PR) highlighted PEN cases in the training set; E-cadherin was noted in a membranous pattern. SPN cases were most immunoreactive for α1-antitrypsin, vimentin, CD10, and PR, with nuclear staining for β-catenin; E-cadherin did not show a membranous pattern. Among all FNA samples tested, the immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin (P = .0003), β-catenin (P = .00004), and CD10 (P = .00006) demonstrated the greatest difference between PEN and SPN. The pattern of E-cadherin/β-catenin expression was highly specific for distinguishing PEN from SPN. On limited FNA samples, the characteristic expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin and the expression of CD10 can be used to distinguish PEN from SPN. The origin of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) remains largely unknown. This tumor has a predilection for young females and is usually located in the head or tail of the pancreas.1-4 Abdominal pain is the most common presenting clinical symptom,1 with other signs and symptoms including nausea, vomiting, fever, weight loss, and jaundice. This tumor is often found incidentally via imaging studies. Radiologically, this tumor exhibits solid and cystic areas, often with areas of hemorrhage.5 SPN can have a radiologic appearance and clinical features that overlap with pancreatic pseudocyst and radiologic/cytologic appearances that overlap with other pancreatic neoplasms, including acinar cell carcinoma, mucinous neoplasms, and pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN).6-9 It is, therefore, important to establish a preoperative diagnosis of SPN because these tumors exhibit a different biologic behavior, and their management protocols may differ accordingly. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has been proven as a useful method for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.10,11 The cytomorphologic features of SPN and PEN have been described.8,12-16 However, their distinction in cytologic samples can be challenging owing to overlapping diagnostic features.12 In such circumstances, ancillary stains can provide much needed supportive evidence. Many studies have used a large number of stains to document an immunohistochemical profile associated with SPN and PEN.4,17-19 Review of these immunophenotypic patterns shows that SPN and PEN can have overlapping immunohistochemical staining patterns. Specifically, SPN Upon completion of this activity you will be able to: • describe the characteristic cytologic features of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) and its differential diagnosis. • define the demographic profile in which SPN is most often identified. • list possible methods for obtaining tissue samples from a pancreatic mass. The ASCP is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The ASCP designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit TM per article. This activity qualifies as an American Board of Pathology Maintenance of Certification Part II Self-Assessment Module. The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose. Questions appear on p 972. Exam is located at www.ascp.org/ajcpcme. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article-abstract/132/6/831/1760451 by guest on 26 July 2018 832 Am J Clin Pathol 2009;132:831-839 832 DOI: 10.1309/AJCPVT8FCLFDTZWI © American Society for Clinical Pathology Burford et al / E-Cadherin/β-Catenin and CD10 in Pancreatic Neoplasms has been noted to demonstrate neuroendocrine differentiation on immunohistochemical stains and on electron microscopic studies.20-23 Thus, relying only on evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation on cytologic samples can lead to diagnostic errors. To add to this dilemma, often FNA samples do not have enough cellularity to perform a large battery of immunohistochemical stains. Therefore, antibodies need to be chosen judiciously to best use limited cytologic material to distinguish among these morphologic mimickers. This study was undertaken with an objective to identify the minimum number of immunohistochemical "stains" that can best distinguish SPN from PEN on FNA samples. Materials and Methods In an effort to determine the ideal number of antibodies best suited to distinguish SPN from PEN with a limited amount of clinical material, we used a 2-step approach. We used resected sections to perform immunohistochemical analyses based on the published literature and our own experience. Following that, we used a smaller panel of reagents on cytologic samples to determine those that could best distinguish SPN from PEN.


Metamaterials are tailored artificial structures that received wide attention now a days due to their extraordinary properties like negative density, negative bulk modulus, negative permeability, negative refractive index etc.. Shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement of the basic units in metamaterials give them their smart properties capable of manipulating electromagnetic and acoustic waves by blocking, absorbing, enhancing, or bending waves to achieve benefits that go beyond what is possible with conventional materials. Acoustic metamaterial with Helmholtz resonators (HRs) is considered in this study. The behaviour of acoustic waves in the presence of array of Helmholtz resonators in series and parallel arrangement is studied numerically using finite element method. Series arrangement of Helmholtz resonators resulted in the extraordinary transmission of acoustic waves of certain frequencies and parallel arrangement resulted in the focusing of sound.


Following a brief introduction to the Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited project, the paper describes the specific technical problems faced in planning for commercial production. An overall plant flow sheet, material balance, and summary of energy requirements are presented. Topics discussed under the heading of mining and solids transport include the geological evaluation program, the overburden removal program, year-round-mining procedures, and conveying equipment. The scale-up problems and development program for bitumen extraction and synthetic crude oil production are described. Other items discussed include cost factors, manpower requirements for design and construction, and a review of the current status of the project.


A new species of gobiid fish, Vanderhorstia vandersteene, is described from the East Cape region of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea on the basis of five specimens 17.5–32.2 mm SL. Diagnostic features include dorsal-fin elements VI-I,10–12; the fourth dorsal-fin spine filamentous, reaching the base of about the fifth to seventh segmented dorsal-fin ray when adpressed; anal-fin rays I,11; pectoral-fin rays 16–18; lateral scales 35–37; transverse scales 10; body scales mostly ctenoid, except cycloid scales anterior to the level of about the seconddorsal-fin origin, as well as on the pectoral-fin base, prepelvic region, and the lower side between the pectoral-fins and pelvic fins; scales absent on the head, including medially and anteriorly on the predorsal region; the caudal fin lanceolate with an elongate, median filament; color in life light neon blue with a wavy yellow-orange stripe from the upper operculum to the upper caudal-fin base, prominent yellow-orange bars, bands, and spots on the head and upper sides, a pair of yellow stripes on the second dorsal fin, and yellow streaks and bands on the caudal fin. We include a key to the Vanderhorstia species with low lateral-scale counts (less than 45).