The cooling of p-nitroaniline (PNA), dimethylamino-p-nitroaniline (DPNA) and trans-stilbene (t-stilbene) in solution is studied experimentally and theoretically. Using the pump–supercontinuum probe (PSCP) technique we observed the complete spectral evolution of hot absorption induced by femtosecond optical pumping. In t-stilbene the hot S1 state results from Sn→S1 internal conversion with 50 fs characteristic time. The time constant of intramolecular thermalization or intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) in S1 is estimated as τIVR≪100 fs. In PNA and DPNA the hot ground state is prepared by S1→S0 relaxation with characteristic time 0.3–1.0 ps. The initial molecular temperature is 1300 K for PNA and 860 K for t-stilbene. The subsequent cooling dynamics (vibrational cooling) is deduced from the transient spectra by assuming: (i) a Gaussian shape for the hot absorption band, (ii) a linear dependence of its peak frequency νm and width square Γ2 on molecular temperature T. Within this framework we de...


Jatropha Curcas is a plant that has many functions and uses, but many part from that this plant can be attacked by disease. Expert systems can be applied in identification to help both farmers and workers to identify the disease. In this paper, the method used in the identification is Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) that combine artificial neural networks with fuzzy logic techniques. A set of computational experiment reveal that the FNN obtains the best accuracy of 30%.


The Great Lakes has been impaired by elevated concentrations of contaminants, and different regulatory actions are taken to decrease theses concentrations. Recent research of Dr. Azim suggests a decline in mercury levels in the Lake Erie, and an increase in the Hg concentration in the fish communities. This research is a follow up study to examine whether the contaminant levels are indeed increasing. In the first chapter we evaluate the temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Erie fish over the last 30 years by conducting the Exponential and Dynamic Linear Modeling analysis. DLM analysis in the chapter two detects the PCB and Hg contaminant trends in a broader range. There is a high variability in two contaminants trends. These patterns may be because of factors such as fish physiological parameters, and the impact of invasive species. The results of my research will contribute to the Toxics Reduction Strategy.


The purpose of this paper is to develop a VBC (Voltage Bus Conditioner) system for a DC DPS (Distributed Power System). The advantages of the proposed VBC system are as follows: 1) the storage capacitor use smaller value than the conventional capacitive storage 2) the controller requires only one sensor to both damp the voltage transients and maintain the storage voltage. The performance of the proposed VBC system has been simulated and evaluated by Saber package.


This paper proposes a user allocation and interference reduction scheme utilizing both cooperating relaying and interference forwarding techniques. The close-by users experiences correlated interference due to the dense deployment of cellular network. We propose this technique as an interference management tool for improving the error probability or outage ratio and the cell throughput. In the proposed scheme, the users are classified into 2 sets: d2d users and cellular users. The resources are time shared between the two sets. Multiple d2d pairs can operate over the same cellular spectrum. The orthogonality is maintained through the use of independent orthogonal codes for each user. And the destination nodes cooperate with each other by transmitting the interference signal in phase three.


Received 14 June 2005; published 9 August 2005Propagating fingerlike patterns in type-II superconductors are studied through a boundary layer model thattakes into account the coupling with the temperature of the sample. By formulating an approach based on aninterfacial description for a domain of vortices, we determine the shape-preserving fronts and study theproperties and scale of the patterns, such as the fingers' shape and width. We show that the formation and thecharacteristics of these instabilities are strictly related to the local overheating of the material and depend onthe substrate temperature, in agreement with the experiments and suggestions from linear stability calculations.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.060503 PACS number s : 74.25.Qt, 05.70.Ln, 89.75.Kd


We establish the finiteness of periodic points, that we called Geometric Dynamical Northcott Property, for regular polynomials automorphisms of the affine plane over a function field $\mathbf{K}$ of characteristic zero, improving results of Ingram.
For that, we show that when $\mathbf{K}$ is the field of rational functions of a smooth complex projective curve, the canonical height of a subvariety is the mass of an appropriate bifurcation current and that a marked point is stable if and only if its canonical height is zero. We then establish the Geometric Dynamical Northcott Property using a similarity argument.


Marriage is basically valid when it has qualified and fulfill its requirements, namely the bridegroom, guardian for the bride, the presence of two witnesses, and ijab-qabul (contract of marriage). In modern life, particularly in Indonesia, the marriage will not be considered valid not only when it has fulfilled the pillars of marriage, but rather that the marriage must also be registered (recorded). Perncatatn marriage this is a debate among the public. Most accept it as a positive thing and contains benefits for married couples, while others refused because it is considered not in harmony with religious requirements in terms of marriage; that no one nash, either in the Qur'an or hadith of the Prophet which requires that the marriage should be registered. This article discusses differences in views among the Muslim community in Indonesia related to Marriage Registration issues as stipulated in Law on Marriage No. 1 of 1974; the arguments put forward by each party, and also the culture of law in Indonesia that contributed to the emergence of a difference in addressing this.


Future commercial aircraft will require flight-critical systems with high reliability requirements for stability augmentation, flutter suppression, and guidance and control. Verifying integrity of the control computer in adverse operating environments is a key issue in the development, certification, and operation of critical control systems. This paper considers the problem of applying distributed detection techniques and decision fusion to monitoring the integrity of fault tolerant redundant control computers. A strategy is presented for monitoring a dynamic stochastic system for malfunctions or upsets during closed-loop laboratory testing for upset susceptibility due to HIR??. The monitoring strategy is demonstrated on a detailed simulation of the longitudinal control system of the B737 Autoland. The performance of the distributed monitoring system is assessed from glideslope engaged until flare.


Dykes of the East Greenland Tertiary dyke swarm can be divided into pre- and syn-break-up tholeiitic dykes, and postbreak-up transitional dykes. Of the pre- and syn-break-up dykes, the most abundant group (Tholeiitic Series; TS) has major element compositions similar to the main part of the East Greenland flood basalts. A group of high-MgO tholeiitic dykes (Picrite---Ankaramite Series; PAS) are much less common, and are equivalent to some of the oldest lavas of the East Greenland flood basalts. Isotopic compositions of the TS and PAS dykes partly overlap with those for Iceland, but Pb isotopic compositions extend to less radiogenic values than those seen in either Iceland or North Atlantic mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). The isotopically depleted source required to account for this isotopic variation is interpreted as subcontinental lithospheric mantle with low 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and high eNd. The post-break-up Transitional Series (TRANS) dykes are isotopically distinct from Iceland and MORB, and are interpreted as the products of contamination of Iceland plume melts with continental crust. Comparison of the Nd---Sr---Pb isotopic and trace element compositions of dykes from different segments of the East Greenland margin indicates that there is no systematic compositional change with distance from the presumed protoIcelandic plume centre. This suggests that a northwardincreasing crustal thickness observed offshore may be attributed to active upwelling rather than a systematic rise in temperature towards the plume centre.


The banquet department plays an important role in modern hotel.The reception process analysis in the banquet department should be discussed from the point of view of customers.To promote the satisfaction of customers,the detail management in the banquet process involves reservation and preparation,service,settling accounts,feedback.


This is a study about the transit-oriented development (TOD) environment. Based on the Banqiao MRT Station, the study explores the residents' satisfaction of the TOD-created living environment, under the influence of resident-environment factors attributed to the efficacy of satisfaction. The methods of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, Pearson product-moment analysis, and single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to analyze the data collected from questionnaires. The results show that with the Pearson product-moment analysis, the five living environment factors are positively correlated to the satisfaction, while the design factor has the highest correlation. Adding the resident factor of gender to the TOD living environment for a t-test, it shows that gender makes no significant variance to the values of TOD living environment characteristics. But when the resident factors of occupation, education, and salary are added to the TOD living environment for a single factor ANOVA, the results reveal that these three resident factors do make significant variance on the second environment factor – high-quality transportation services and the third environment factor – accessibility.


The declarative title is a fair summary of research described in this paper (Targeting Factor VIII expression to platelets for hemophilia A gene therapy does not induce an apparent thrombotic risk in mice)10, is a fair summary of research described in this paper, which is itself the 14th in a series from the group of researchers led by Montgomery who, since 2003 have progressively advanced the idea of storing factor VIII in platelets to treat hemophilia A. Why, one might ask, would one do such a thing when evolution has selected endothelial cells as both the site for synthesis and release of factor VIII complexed with Von Willebrand factor to provide the cofactor when and where needed?1,2 The answer lies in the unfortunate fact that a high proportion of patients with hemophilia develop resistance to factor VIII due to alloimmunity to the protein, which is foreign to their immune system, leading to production of inhibitory antibodies to the cofactor. But Factor VIII released from platelets seems to evade such antibodies3.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Commentary on: Matthew-Maich N, Ploeg J, Dobbins M, et al. Supporting the uptake of nursing guidelines: what you really need to know to move nursing guidelines into practice. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2013;10:104–15.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

Research evidence should inform health practices and, arguably, improve healthcare outcomes. Research findings and systematic reviews that can reliably advise about good practices abound in the scientific literature. Unfortunately, this literature often fails to make an impact on how healthcare …

 [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DWorldviews%2BEvid%2BBased%2BNurs%26rft.volume%253D10%26rft.spage%253D104%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252Fj.1741-6787.2012.00259.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22731122%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
 [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/j.1741-6787.2012.00259.x&link_type=DOI
 [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22731122&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F17%2F2%2F57.atom
 [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000318356500005&link_type=ISI


Mahalanobis-Taguchi system(MTS) is a statistical tool for classifying the normal group and abnormal group in multivariate data structures. In addition to the classification itself, the MTS uses a method for selecting variables useful for the classification. This method can be used efficiently especially when the abnormal group data are scattered without a specific directionality. When the feedback adjustment procedure through the measurements of the process output for controlling process input variables is not practically possible, the reset procedure can be an alternative one. This article proposes a reset procedure using the MTS. Moreover, a method for identifying input variables to reset is also proposed by the use of the contribution. The identification of the root-cause parameters using the existing dimension-reduced contribution tends to be difficult due to the variety of correlation relationships of multivariate data structures. However, it became possible to provide an improved decision when used together with the location-centered contribution and the individual-parameter contribution.


Electronic assembly practice serves as the introductory practice course for engineering students to learn the electronic course.Besides,it also bears the responsibility to motivate learning interest,improve the practical operation ability and foster the innovative thinking.In terms of the defects in the electronic assembly practical courses,such as the backward electronic products,few assembly technologies,and the teaching model could not adapt to different persons and so on,this paper proposes the course system reform thinking pattern of "taking the engineering training as the center,setting three levels of basic practice,comprehensive training and innovative design" and summarizes the achievements of the reform pilots.


In the paper "Confinement of matroid representations to subsets of partial fields" (arXiv:0806.4487) we introduced the Hydra-k partial fields to study quinary matroids with inequivalent representations. The proofs of some results on these partial fields require extensive computations. This paper contains these computations, implemented in Mathematica.


It's all about timing. In the digital communications world it is necessary to transport information over distances great and small. In order to accomplish this, it becomes imperative that timing information be made available at the receiver so that the digital information can be recovered as error free as possible. Pulse stuffing synchronization is an established technique. Hardware has been built, deployed and is operating properly in the field. The lack of a precise understanding of the phase jitter characteristics of a pulse stuffing network has created problems when interfacing special digital equipment of this type in a digital communications system. In an effort to overcome this interface problem, it became necessary to develop a better understanding of the phase jitter characteristics as a function of the parameters associated with various pulse stuffing systems now available.
 This paper discusses a study which undertook such a task and in particular, addresses the role played by a simulation which was key in this study. The problem itself, much too difficult for mathematical analysis, was ideally suited for the combined simulation approach. The Multiplexer Jitter (MUXJIT) Simulator development was sponsored by the Defense Communication Engineering Center (DCEC) for the Defense Communication Agency (DCA) as part of contract DCA-100-76-C-0072 to conduct a systems analysis (and construct a supporting hardware simulator) of phase jitter characteristics in pulse stuffing time division multiplexer networks(4). The study effort was further enhanced by the construction of the hardware simulator which provided: a) verification of the preliminary mathematical and software simulation results, b) further depth by forcing the study to look at results from a hardware viewpoint, and 3) insight into hardware implementation limitations.
 This effort provides a benchmark for the role of a combined software simulation and a hardware simulation effort as well as a view of the software simulator role in bridging the gap between mathematical analysis and hardware breadboarding.


The lower reaches of the Heihe River basin (HHLR), which is located in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China, has experienced severe environmental deterioration in the past several decades. The ecological water conveyance project was initiated by the Chinese Government in 2000 to address this degraded ecosystem.


The purpose of this study was to determine efforts to improve the performance of the Soppeng Regency DPRD Secretariat services. The research method used is the input method (the infut storage), namely the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix and the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) and matching (the matching stage) Matrix, the SWOT matrix. The IFE matrix and EFE matrix are made using five steps, namely identification of key internal and external factors, the weighting stage, the scale setting stage, the weight and scale calculation stage, the sum of the weighting stages with the rating scale, while the preparation of a strategy for improving service performance is done by selecting the top 5 of the highest scoring value of the internal and external key factors which are then entered into the SWOT matrix for matching (matching tool). The results showed that efforts to improve service performance of the Soppeng District DPRD Secretariat had received good ratings by members of the DPRD although it was still necessary to continue to improve services in order to achieve a very good rating. Therefore, to improve the performance of the DPRD Secretariat services, a strategy that can be carried out is to provide online-based aspiration media in support of the work of DPRD members and to increase socialization and publication related to the duties, functions and performance of DPRD members; increasing education and training support for secretariat staff in creating the professionalism of the DPRD secretariat apparatus and updating information and regulations through the DPRD Website integrated with the central, provincial and district government websites; increasing the adaptability of DPRD secretariat employees in adjusting regulatory changes without reducing service quality; providing TV information on the activities of DPRD members based on IT and making regulation pocket books in support of the performance of DPRD members.


Based on multi-service grid platform of land resource(LR-MGSP),a novel land utilization statistics method is presented.The statistics services are classified by grading processed compositions.Incremental statistics based on statistic base table is adopted for atomic services,and aggregate statistics based on the state of grid resource is adopted for composition services.The comparison test results show that this method is superior to traditional approach in statistic efficiency,especially for large statistic data.The prototype system can meet with the needs of efficient process of massive land data,and provide new scheme for inter-agency coordination processing other business of land resource management.


Objective To study histopathological changs in nasal mucosa of guinea pigs following a series of irradiation. Methods A total of 60 healthy guinea pigs were divided into two groups randomly:the irradiation group ( n =30) and the control group ( n =30). The animals of the irradiation group were exposed nasally to linear accelerator X-rays at 5.0 Gy once a week for three weeks.At 1 d, 1 w, 2 w,4 w,10 w and half year after X-irradiation five animals per one group were sacrificed randomly,at each time point.Their middle nasal turbinate mucosa was observed under optical microscope and electron microscope,and were analysed by image analysis for histopathological transformation. Results In the irradiation group,the early histopathological transformation was acute inflammatory reaction, at the fourth week the mucosa began to repair,which ended at the sixth month.But after repaired,some parts of the repaired mucosa were lined with squamous epithelium instead of the normal nasal mucosa.The rate of the cilia-covered area was only 52.9% at the sixth month. Conclusion The nasal mucosa injury and the squamous metaplasia could form a pathological basis of dysfunction after irradiation. ;


Heteragrion cooki is reported from Peru for the first time based on a specimen collected in Cerros de Amotape National Park, Tumbes, Peru. This record expands the distribution of this species which previously was only known from Ecuador. Further key words. Damselfly, Zygoptera, new record, Andes Introduction The genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862, currently comprises 57 species (according to Stand-Pérez et al. 2019, Vilela et al. 2019, and Ávila-Junior et al. 2020), eight of which are found in Peru (Hoffmann 2009): H. aequatoriale Selys, 1886, H. an gustipenne Selys, 1886, H. aurantiacum Selys, 1862, H. bariai De Marmels, 1989, H. flavidorsum Calvert, 1909, H. icterops Selys, 1862, H. inca Calvert, 1909, and H. melanurum Williamson, 1919. Heteragrion cooki Daigle & Tennessen, 2000, has previously been reported only from Ecuador (Tennessen & Mauffray 2016), on the western slopes of the Andes in the provinces of El Oro, Guayas, Loja, Los Ríos, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Bolívar, Cañar, and Manabí (Mauffray & Tennessen 2019). Study site and methods 'El Caucho' Biological Station in Cerros de Amotape National Park, Tumbes, Perú, is located in a forest characterised by a semi-arid climate and low seasonal rainfall, classified as seasonally dry hill and mountain forest according to MINAM (2019). A male Heteragrion was collected in 'Las Pavas' stream around 'El Caucho' Biological Station (03°49'39.8'' S, 80°15'29.1'' W, 341 m a.s.l.; Fig. 1) on 27-ix-2019. The specimen was identified and lodged in the Entomology Department of the Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM), Lima, Peru. Classification of Heteragrion groups and terminology follows Lencioni (2013). After determining which group the specimen corresponded to, several references, including Daigle & Tennessen (2000), De Marmels (2004), Ma chado (2006), Lencioni (2013), Machado & De Souza (2014), Machado (2015), Ávila-Junior et al. (2017), and Vilela et al. (2019) were used for species identification. The distribution map was produced with data from the analysis carried out by Tennessen & Mauffray (2016) in the IUCN red list assessment of H. cooki and


Kendeng mountain, where "Baduy-Dalam" community lives is a native reserve area.Observation around "leuweung kolot","leuweung ngora", and "leuweung lembur" near the community area shows how the Baduy-Dalam community controls the sustainability of their forests.These forests are almost untouchable.Information on the biodiversity of plant species in the areas have not known yet.A study on the knowledge of Baduy-Dalam community and utilization of plant resources in Cikeusik,Cikertawana, and Cibeo villages was conducted.The results shows that the Baduy-Dalam tribe had a close relationship with their surroundings; it is seen from their knowledge in managing the environment in order to survive and continuing their living.Among 163 plant species recorded, 81 species are as potential food plants (the largest group), 38 species of medicinal plants, 17 species of building materials, 8 species for ritual, 17 species for fire wood, 4 species handycraf, 3 species economically potential, and 1 species for drinking. There are two species is considered as endangered species namely Arcangelisia Jlava and Alstonia scholaris.


AIM
To investigate the mediation role of social support in the relationship between a sense of coherence and the perception of professional interests among Chinese registered nurse.

BACKGROUND
Job burnout has exceedingly common among registered nurses. Perceived professional benefits and a sense of coherence can help regulate nurses' negative emotions, reduce job burnout and turnover intention, increase nurses' subjective well-being. However, little is known about the mediating role of social support in the relationship between sense of coherence and perceived professional benefits.

METHODS
From May to August 2017, 765 Chinese registered nurses were measured with general information, the sense of coherence scale, social support rating scale and perceived professional benefits questionnaire.The independent factors of perceived professional benefits was tested by multiple regression analysis.Structural equation model (SEM) was used to study the moderating effect of social support..

RESULTS
The mean perceived professional benefits score differed across professional title (p < .001). Social support partially mediated the relationship between sense of coherence and perceived professional benefits. The overall effect of the ratio of the mediating effect was 58.6%.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our study revealed that social support partially mediates the relationship between a sense of coherence and perceived professional benefits among Chinese registered nurses. Accordingly, interventions based on social support to enhance sense of coherence and strength nurses' perceived professional benefits should be developed.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing managers should create more learning opportunities, improve nurses' ability of clinical nursing, and improve the social support of nurses through many ways, so as to improve nurses' sense of coherence and enhance nurses' perceived professional benefits.


Because of the deteriorative quality of dwelling environment, the increasing air contamination and continuous reduction of per capita green area , people are yearning for green living space and fresh hygiene air. Indoor greening, an easy healthy means is put forward to give solution to the problem mentioned above. The advantages of the indoor greening, the kinds and selection of indoor plants, as well as the positioning manner were introduced in this paper.


Bis(diisopropylamino)(trimethylstannyl)phosphane (2) reacts with the (chloromethylene)diisopropylammonium salt 1 affording the C-phosphanyl-substituted iminium salt 3 (67 % yield), which features a short C–N (1.284 A) and a long P–C bond (1.850 A), a planar iminium nitrogen atom and a pyramidalized phosphorus atom. Deprotonation of 3 leads to the enamine 8 (92 % yield), while addition of sodium methoxide followed by thermolysis of the resulting hemiaminal 9 (90 % yield) gives rise to the azaphosphetane 10 (85 % yield), by intramolecular CH insertion of the transiently formed (amino)(phosphanyl)carbene 6.


Product designs and properties of 6 steel products for shipbuilding are described. They are new TMCP (thermo-mechanical control process) steel plates, weldable with high heat input, for container ships and LP (longitudinal profile) plates, both contribute to the increase in productivity at shipyards through the large reduction of welding time, anti-corrosion steel plates for crude oil tankers NAC5 which contribute to high performance of ships from the viewpoint of corrosion, cladded steel plates for chemical tankers, anti-corrosion pipes, JFE-MARINE-COP, used in crude oil tankers for loading and unloading crude oil, and shapes for shipbuilding which are produced using TMCP to realize weldability as good as steel plates.


This paper deals with Web Content Mining. While browsing the web, the user has to go through many pages of the Internet, filter the data and download related documents and files. This task of searching and downloading is time consuming. Sometimes the search queries call for specific option, say, limiting search to few links. To reduce the time spent by users, a web extraction and storage tool has been designed and implemented in Java, that automates the downloading task from a given user query. The Test Scenario has been presented with various keywords. The present work can be a useful input to Web Users, Faculty, Students and Web Administrators in a University Environment. General Terms Structured Data, Unstructured Data, Web Content Mining, Web Data Extraction.


&NA; Inadequate pain management is a major problem in the U.S. The problem of pain management becomes even more complicated when the patient is a person with a history of, or current problem with an addictive disorder. Provider fears of addiction, lack of knowledge of both pain management and treatment of addictive disorders, as well as stigma around the use of opiates, have created barriers to adequate pain treatment for this population. The aim of this paper is to review the literature related to the problem, provide definitions related to the co‐occurring problems and present strategies for management of pain in this population. Strategies will include ways to address the stigma and nursing attitudes towards those with addictive disorders and pain.


The present paper discusses the application of a new genetic algorithm (GA) featuring heterogeneous population to solve multiobjective flowshop scheduling problems. Many GAs have been developed to solve multiobjective scheduling problems, but they used a non-heterogeneous population approach, which could lead to premature convergence and local Pareto-optimum solutions. Our experiments with a 20-job and 20-machine benchmark problem given in Taillard (1993) show that the heterogeneous multiobjective genetic algorithm (hMGA) developed in this research outperforms NSGA-II (Deb 2001) one of the widely used algorithms with non-heterogeneous population. Moreover, in this paper we also present the comparison of hMGA with another meta-heuristic method, i.e. multi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA), proposed by Varadharajan and Rajendran (2005). This research concludes that hMGA developed in this work is promising as it can produce a new set of Pareto-optimum solutions that have not been found by MOSA before.


A novel cup cover is characterized in that: a cup cover (1) is connected with a slide cover (2), and a groove (3) is connected with the slide cover (2). The cup cover which can be opened slidably is provided.


The efficient production and subsequent utilisation of home-grown forage is seen as the cornerstone of profitability of the dairy industry as it leads to lower unit costs of milk production compared with purchased forage or grain supplements. Cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and triticale (Triticum × Triticosecale) all have the potential to produce high forage dry matter (DM) yields. These forages are not widely grown within dryland Australian dairy systems and there is a paucity of information on both the agronomic requirements and subsequent ensiling and feed-out management under these conditions. The experiment reported in this paper examines the DM yield, nutritive and ensiling characteristics of three small-grain cereals (triticale, wheat and oats) cut at various stages of development and ensiled with or without silage additives. We hypothesised that: (1) delaying harvesting until later stages of growth would result in higher DM yields, but negatively impact on both nutritive and fermentation characteristics of subsequent silages; (2) ensiling wilted material at earlier harvests would improve fermentation characteristics compared with direct ensiled material; and (3) the use of silage additives at all harvests would improve fermentation characteristics of resultant silages compared with untreated silages. Apart from winter oats, the estimated metabolisable energy of forages was highest at the boot stage of growth, declined during anthesis and then rose again during milk and soft-dough stage of growth. The crude protein content of forages declined with maturity, with final values at soft dough below 90 g/kg DM. Neutral detergent fibre content was highest at anthesis and then declined, with lowest values observed at soft dough (497–555 g/kg DM). In the majority of cases silages were well preserved, with direct ensiled material having pH values generally below 4.5 and wilted material below 5.0, with limited proteolysis as assessed by ammonia-N contents in the range of 5–15% of total-N. The production of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid was influenced by wilting and the use of additives. Generally, wilted silages fermented less than the corresponding direct ensiled forages, whereas the use of Sil-All 4 × 4 additive resulted in a lactic acid-dominant fermentation compared with LaSil additive, which resulted in a greater proportion of acetic acid as an end product of fermentation. The findings of the present study highlight the potential of forage cereals to produce high DM yields for whole crop cereal silage. The timing of harvest directly influences nutritive characteristics of forages for ensiling. The use of silage additives can assist in controlling fermentation pathways during ensilage, ensuring the production of silages with fermentation attributes more likely to lead to higher intakes when fed to animals.


Why simulate? How to calculate a compositional history How to deal with several reservoirs How to solve a nonlinear system The carbon system and several useful procedures How to calculate isotope ratios Climate: a chain of identical reservoirs Interacting species in identical reservoirs.


The subject of this course consists of Diophantine geometry and heights of numbers, or in other words, height functions in number theory. The course outline is as follows: §1 A theorem of Siegel (a special case of §2) and the ABC conjecture. §2 Results and conjectures in Diophantine geometry, especially finiteness results and conjectures. §3 The Vojta conjectures, for which heights in number fields are important. §4 Nevanlinna analogues of the above, for which heights of holomorphic functions are important. This is related to §2 and §3 by analogy. §5 The proof of the Mordell conjecture by Faltings, the Tate conjecture for abelian varieties by Faltings, and the Tate conjecture for algebraic cycles, assuming the finitude of the number of motives with bounded heights, by Koshikawa (one of my students!). Here are some good textbooks: 1. Fundamentals of Diophantine Geometry (which is the study of algebraic arithmetic geometry concerning rational points and integral points of algebraic equations) by Lang. Diophantine geometry is named after an ancient Greek mathematician who studied rational and integral points of algebraic equations. Fermat and many others have also studied such questions. Let us start with §1. We now introduce a theorem of Siegel and later the ABC conjecture. 1.1 Theorem (Siegel). Let A ⊇ Z be an integral domain that is finitely generated over Z. Then {(x, y) ∈ A× ×A× | x+ y = 1}


The procedure and method of machining dynamic simulation based on VERICUT was introduced.The machining simulation was realized from 3D model,tool management,program inputting and simulation through an example.A kind of ideal simulation method was provided.By Optimath module of software,the NC program cutting speeds for more efficient machining could be optimized.By AUTO-DIFF module of software,compare design model data against the VERICUT simulated cut model to identify errors.


Accessible summary
• Christine and her family have had intensive support into their home since February 2004.
• Initially it did not work because there were too many different people doing too many different things.
• Support was much better once the support team was smaller.
• With the additional support of her family and advocate, Christine has been able to successfully look after her children at home.

Summary
Christine lives with her three children, Elizabeth, George and Louise. Following the unexpected death of her husband in December 2001, she has been offered practical support into the home, so that she can continue to look after her children. It has been a long struggle, getting the right support package into the home, and here, we tell Christine's story.

Christine's story identifies how communication is vital, particularly when so many organisations are involved. She has been able to express her needs through the help of her advocate and her extended family. Looking back on the service, difficulties have occurred at times when there is communication breakdown. In order to foster good communication within the home, the immediate support group works best with as few people as possible. Everyone's roles and responsibilities need to be clear, and as members of the group change, group members and their managers need to be reminded of these. As Christine has felt that she is more valued, so her skills have grown and improved.

This story ends with a list of what seem to have been the vital ingredients of this support package. We hope that this information will be helpful to other families and service providers.


To realize the low-velocity and steady landing of the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),the process of solving the coefficients of aerodynamic force for a fixed-wing UAV based on CFD(computational fluid dynamics) method is illustrated,taking a UAV as an example.This process includes modeling a geometry for the UAV,setting computational domain and generating meshes,and solving the coefficients of aerodynamic force in various flying statuses under K-E turbulence model based on the uncoupled implicit solver.A landing control method for keeping the UAV landing with low-velocity sliding and in a large angle of attack is proposed.Based on the solved coefficients of aerodynamic force,the right status of the pre-landing is computed,and the longitudinal control law based on the state feedback is used to realize the landing control. The simulation programme constructed on the basis of AeroSim toolbox in Simulink environment verifies the efficiency of the method.


The term conservation tillage is used to refer to any method of tillage that minimally disturbs the surface, leaving at least 30% residue cover after planting. As such, conservation tillage is one of the most widely adopted conservation practices. Conservation tillage is oftentimes coupled with a crop residue management program, which in the southeastern United States typically includes a winter cover crop for biomass production. Conservation tillage has been attributed with improving soil quality, reducing runoff, and reducing fuel costs. In the southeastern United States, conservation tillage has also been hailed with increasing plant available water and reducing the total number of irrigations necessary to produce a crop. Because many states in this region of the nation are facing water restrictions and severe drought conditions, conservation tillage shows promise as a sustainable, water saving practice. In 2004, the Conservation Technology Information Center estimated that 4.55 × 107 ha (1.13 × 108 ac) of the nation's cropland has adopted some form of conservation tillage, an overall increase of 4.0 × 106 ha (1.0 × 107 ac) since 2002. However, at the present time, no national monitoring system is in place to continue these efforts on a regular basis. Natural resource inventory


Modelling and analyzing power consumption for data centres can diagnose potential energy-hungry components and applications, and facilitate in-time control, benefiting the energy efficiency of data centers. However, solutions to this problem, including static power models and canonical prediction models, either aim to build a static relationship between power consumption and hardware/application configurations without considering the dynamic fluctuation of power; or simply treat it as time series, ignoring the inherit power data characteristics. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we present a systematic power prediction framework based on extensive power dynamic profiling and deep learning models. In particular, we first analyse different power series samples to illustrate their noise patterns; accordingly we propose a power data de-noising method, which lowers noise interference to the modelling. With the pretreated data, we propose two deep learning based prediction models, including a fine-grained model and a coarse-grained model, which are suitable for different time scales. In the fine-grained prediction model, a recursive autoencoder (AE) is employed for short-duration prediction; in the coarse-grained model, an AE is used to encode massive fine-grained historical data as a further data pretreatment for long-duration prediction. Experimental results show that our proposed models outperform canonical prediction methods with higher accuracy, up to 79% error reduction for certain cases.


Sonoko Nagai 1) , Ulrich Costabel2) 【ABSTRACT】 Sarcoidosis is a systemic, chronic disease. Various organ involvement can be found. While use of corticosteroids is a standard therapy, there continue to be questions about the timing of therapy, dose and duration, tapering and relapse, maintenance therapy, and the long term effect of corticosteroids. Immunosupressants and anticytokine agents are still under evaluation. We discussed the above-mentioned points based on recent studies and our own experience. [JJSOG 2004;24:91-95]


Shui Jing Zhu by LI Dao-yuan in North Wei Dynasty is an important work representing language features of Northern China in the South and North Dynasties.A systematic study of the lexical system of the book first requires understanding properties of vocabulary in it. Lexical history studies indicate that words in Shui Jing Zhu fall into two categories: those of remote times and those of middle ages. A study of vocabulary in Shui Jing Zhu offers references for studies of the lexical system of the book as well as the dialects of the Northern China.


The characteristics of gas bubbles in a 5 cm diameter bubble column equipped with a single orifice of 1,3 or 5 mm diameter were investigated under system pressure of 0.1-15 MPa. The formation of gas bubbles was strongly affected by the system pressure. Under high pressures a dispersed gas jet was formed at gas velocities where spherical gas bubbles would have been formed at atmospheric pressure. The critical gas velocity between the bubbling regime and the jetting regime was correlated with the liquid phase Weber number and the gas phase Reynolds number based on the gas velocity at the orifice. Bubble size and gas holdup in the main part of the bubble column were also affected by the bubble formation pattern at the distributor


This paper presents a novel method for detecting distal limb segments for accurate skeletonization of human limbs in visual data for human action recognition. After background subtraction, a medial axis transform algorithm is applied to the body silhouette to detect the torso and the limbs. Then, a nine-segment skeleton model is fitted to the medial axis using a line fitting algorithm. The fitting is performed independently for each limb to speed-up the fitting process, avoiding the combinatorial complexity problems. The nine-segment skeleton model is used to provide precise endpoints of the distal segments of each limb which are reduced to centroids for efficient action representation. We believe that the distal limb segments such as forearms and shins provide sufficient and compact information for human action recognition. Each limb centroid is described by its angle, with respect to the vertical body axis, to create a six-element descriptor vector to represent the position of the torso and five angles for limb segments. The nine-segment skeleton model is detected and tracked without any manual initialization. A Gaussian Mixture Model is used to represent action descriptors for several human actions. Then, maximum log-likelihood criterion is utilized to classify actions. To evaluate our approach, we used three action datasets with different resolution and the results are compared with other approaches. As a result, a maximum average recognition rate of 98% is achieved for high resolution dataset and a minimum 90% for low resolution dataset.


The optical beam splitter is one of the fundamental components in the optical telecommunication system. In this paper., the design of a $\boldsymbol{2\times2}$ multimode interference (MMI) beam splitter using gallium nitride-on-silicon structure (GaN/Si) is proposed. The design optimization was conducted by inspecting the optimal MMI waveguide length using the eigenmode expansion method (EME) at the optical telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. The optimal design was achieved on the MMI width and length of $\boldsymbol{15\mu \mathrm{m}}$ and $212 \boldsymbol{\mu \mathrm{m}}$, respectively. The simulation results showed that the proposed design could successfully split a single input signal from one of the input port into two signals on both output ports with the normalized output power of 0.979., the power imbalance of 0.009 dB., the lowest power output over C-band (1530 nm - 1565 nm) bandwidth of 0.967., and the fabrication tolerance for both MMI waveguide width (lateral) deviation and MMI length (longitudinal) deviation of 0.3\mu \mathrm{m}$ and 0.5 \mu \mathrm{m}$, respectively.


A frame of an aircraft fuselage structure made of composite material comprising a skin and a plurality of heddles fixed on the skin. The frame comprises a profile (2) elongated in a longitudinal direction which is hollow over at least a part of its length. The profile is mounted on two legs (4). Each leg adapted to be secured on the skin, comprises a first portion (10) extending uninterruptedly over the whole length of the profile and a second portion extending from the continuous part to form the direction longitudinal profile of the plurality of openings (6) spaced from each other and in each of which a smooth pass. The presence of the hollow section in the frame and the structure of the legs makes it possible to dispense with brackets and stabilizers.


Rajtova V., J. Danko: Vasculature of testis, epididymis and ductus deferens of Rabbit. The Arteries. Acta Vet. Brno 2001, 70: 3-7. The vasculature of the testis, epididymis and ductus deferens was studied in twenty adult rabbits using X-ray apparatus. For filling the roentgen-contrast and also colour-contrast mass we used red lead in 10 % warm gelatin. We found an irregular origin of the bilateral aa. testiculares from the aorta. The testicular artery forms, after its pars recta, the pars convoluta with 13-20 loose loops inside the entire inguinal canal. It enters the parenchyma, then encircles the testis twice under the tunica albuginea. The r. rete testis is one of the intratesticular branches, which passes through the mediastinum testis. The rr. interlobulares originate from the r. rete testis. The epididymis is supplied by rr. epididymales (cranialis, media and caudalis) and the a. epididymalis caudalis. The spermatic duct is vascularized by the a. ductus deferentis originating from the common trunk of the a. iliaca externa. The cremaster muscle supplies the branches of the a. cremasterica and r. cremastericus from the a. ductus deferentis. Several intratesticular anastomoses were found between the parenchymal part of the a. testicularis and the rr. epididymales and also the a. epididymalis caudalis. Our study complets the arterial vasculature of the testis, epididymis and ductus deferens of rabbit.


An analytical formula to define an azimuthally inhomogeneous metasurface (AIM) cloak for cylindrical objects is presented. The inhomogeneity of the metasurface is modeled by Fourier decomposing the azimuthally varying susceptibility distribution. The AIM cloak provides weighted control on each scattering mode to enhance the scattering reduction capability for prescribed incident angles of interest. With an AIM cloaking layer, the scattering reduction of a 0.15-wavelength radius metallic cylinder can be enhanced by more than 6 dB compared to a conventional homogenous metasurface cloak. Accuracy of the formulation is proven with full-wave simulations. The design of the AIM cloak is experimentally validated at four bistatic angles.


We investigate the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic effects of sand extraction, for a variety of pit designs. To that end, we use an idealized model containing the essential physics for offshore bed evolution, based on the assumption that the ratio of pit depth to water depth is small. The resulting quasianalytical tool enables a quick and extensive study into the effects of varying pit design parameters. The results show that sandpits, through the mechanism of flow contraction, trigger the morphodynamic instability behind sandbank formation (deepening, deformation, appearance of adjacent humps), and emphasize the influence of pit size, shape and orientation. The morphodynamic response is strongest for pits elongated in the preferred direction of sandbanks, and weakest for pits perpendicular to this direction.


Objective:To evaluate the protective ability of vaccinia virus vectored multi-epitope live vaccine candidate for plasmodium falciparum(P.f)in experimental animals, and to lay foundation for next testing on Aotus sp. monkey or human volunteers. Methods:The multiple partialy replacement transfused human blood macaca monkey models were used. Challenge was made after one month of immunization by vein. Results:The parasitemia of recombinant virus immunized monkey was 0.01%in first two days of post-challenge. No parasites were determined from third to 12th day. Whereas the parasitemia of control virus immunized-monkey and blank control monkey rose progressively,went to 2.5%~6.0% at 6th~8th days of post-challenge, and the time of parasitemia was 12~13 days. Conclusion:These results preliminary indicated that the monkey model immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus could resist the challenge of blood stage P.f.


The Crab Nebula was observed in TeV gamma rays with the Whipple Observatory high-resolution atmospheric Cherenkov camera and a signal was detected at the 20 σ level. There is no evidence for the pulsar periodicity, and the flux is steady on a monthly time scale. If this signal is used to optimize the technique for gamma-ray detection, then a flux one-tenth that of the Crab can be detected at the 3 σ level in 60 hr of integration time. For an on-axis source the angular resolution is shown to be ± 0.1°


Active student responding (ASR) has been shown to be an effective way to improve the mathematical skills of students. One specific method of ASR is the use of response cards. In this study, a system of least prompts combined with response cards was used to increase mathematical knowledge, and number identification, of three elementary students with significant disabilities (age range, 7-10 years, IQ range, >20-44) via a multiple probe design across participants. A functional relationship was demonstrated between student responding (increased number identification) and the implementation of the least to most prompting system. Maintenance checks, after the intervention was concluded, demonstrated that the skill level was sustained. Limitations and future research are discussed. Students' learning academic skills is a priority severe disabilities must be assessed in grade among all populations of students. Finding level extensions of reading, mathematics, and the educational experiences that are appro- science. Mathematics skills can often be com pilate for each student is very important for plex to learn and for educators it is important educators (National Commission on Excel- that the right method of teaching be used, lence in Education, 1983). In fact, Spooner, One way that teachers attempt to increase a Dymond, Smith, and Kennedy (2006) suggest student's knowledge in mathematical skills is that over the past decade, accessing the gen- through active student responding (ASR). eral curriculum has become a major focus of Active student responding involves partici investigators trying to build more effective ed- paring in class by asking and answering ques ucational systems for students with significant tions (Maheady, Michielli-Pendl, Harper, &


The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein: - A represents a divalent aromatic radical; - X represents a -CH- group or a nitrogen atom; - R represents a (C -C) alkyl or a (C -C) alkoxy; - R represents an Alk group; - R represents hydroxy or -NR R group; - R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, cyano, phenyl, Alk group, an OAlk group or -NR R group; - R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an Alk group; - R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, cyano, a group -COOAlk or -CONH. Process for the preparation and therapeutic application.


Shows a black and white photograph of four uniformed soldiers. The uniforms are identified as: Blue full dress, Service dress khaki, Motor cyclist "Blueberries", Blue walking-out dress.
Extended Title - In, The Royal New Zealand Air Force display programme, 1938, page 50.
Quantity: 1 b&w photo-mechanical print(s) on page of booklet.
Physical Description: Offset print on page 250 x 188 mm.


Objective To investigate the related risk factors of postoperative arrhythmia in elderly patients with lung cancer,who were older than 70 years. Methods 280 senile patients with lung cancer were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University to analyze the related risk factors of postoperative arrhythmia. The single factor analysis was performed by X2test,and the multiple factors analysis were performed by logistic regression. Results The multiple factors analysis showed the independent risk factors included history of cardiovascular disease,arrhythmia,FEV1% 70%,and incision pain. Conclusion Elderly patients with lung cancer are susceptible to have postoperative arrhythmias,but the prevention for related factors can reduce the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias.


(1988). The Donoughmore commission and Ceylon's national identity. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 26, Constitutions and the Development of National Identity, pp. 147-157.


Abstract
Botswana enjoys the celebratory status of a shining example of a successful democracy in Africa. As such, one expects democracy to underpin policy formulation and the running of the education system. This chapter problematizes the relationship between democracy and education in Botswana. It focuses on the Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Conduct of the 2010 Examinations. The conduct of the examinations marked a crisis which resulted in a deadlock between the Botswana's Ministry of Education and Skills Development (MoESD), Botswana Examination's Council (BEC) on the one hand and teachers' unions-Botswana Sectors of Educators Trade Union (BOSETU) and Botswana Teacher's Union (BTU) on the other hand. Teachers' unions complained about poor conditions of service and remunerations associated with the administration of national examinations. This action triggered a national strike in the public service in general and consequently revealed Botswana Government's undemocratic response to what was a sensitive issue of national interest. When the examinations results were released, it became evident that students performed horribly BEC was persecuted for the poor performance. This chapter therefore registers that the 2010 Examinations crisis in Botswana is a classic indication that democracy and education are two worlds apart in Botswana's education system.


Suicide is a serious health concern worldwide making it the second leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Among those at-risk for suicide are lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) youth, who are reported to be more likely to exhibit suicide behavior than their heterosexual counterparts. LGB-specific stressors, known as sexual minority stress, cause this health disparity. However, majority of studies on LGB youth focus on the risk factors of suicide despite the need for more research on protective factors. This study addresses the gap in the literature by looking into how spirituality, an overlooked protective factor in sexual minority, and psychological well-being can buffer suicide behavior among 109 lesbians and 191 gay Filipino youth. Utilizing the cross-sectional predictive research design, a total of 300 respondents completed the Suicide Probability Scale, Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale – Revised and Ryff's Scales of Psychological Wellbeing. Results revealed that psychological well-being and spirituality are negatively correlated with suicidality. Moreover, stepwise regression indicated that both psychological well-being and spirituality predict suicide behavior separately, but only psychological well-being has a predictive relationship with suicide behavior when both variables co-occur. Implications of these results are discussed.


An experiment was carried out at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in order to investigate a concept called process conformance. The experiment was based on previous experiments carried out at the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) (Basili, 1996). The purpose of the experiment was to compare two variants of a process and see whether the type of process had an impact on the level of process conformance. Another goal was to investigate the correlation between the degree of conformance and deviation in product quality. The results obtained so far indicate some evidence that process conformance and product quality deviation are correlated. The process type had no apparent impact on conformance. 1.0 Introduction Experiences from an experiment carried out in the context of SEL at the University of Maryland (UMD) in 1995 suggested that one problem concerning experiments with software engineering processes is the question of whether the process under investigation is actually used by the subjects in the experiment i.e. process conformance (Basili, 1996). Hence, we define process conformance as: The degree of agreement between a process definition and the process that is actually carried out. As we consider the definition above, three problems immediately arise: How to measure the degree of agreement, to define in more detail what agreement means, and finally what is meant by a process definition. Here, we will put emphasis on the first problem how to measure process conformance. Some related work has been proposed (e.g. Cook, 1994; Cugola, 1995; Miyazaki, 1987; etc.), but not in the domain of software process experiments, which tend to study low-level and thought-intensive processes. Thus, the current approaches, which are mostly focused on higher-level processes, were not considered appropriate. This paper is describing an experiment that was carried out to investigate process conformance. First, the context of the experiment, the goal and hypotheses, and its design are described. Then the conformance measurement is explained. Further, the required preparations and the execution of the experiment are outlined briefly, before the experimental results are presented. Finally, a conclusion summarizes the experiment and presents some ideas about the possible future direction of this work. 1. Complete address: Division of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway Email: email@example.com, phone: +47 73 59 44 79, fax: +47 73 59 44 66.


From zero-base budgeting to the Government Performance and Results Act, state budgeting systems have been synonymous with budgeting reform for over 30 years. This article examines the trends, both long-term and short-term, which have been identified through analysis of state budgeting office practices. Particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the changes in performance measurement over the period of 1970 to 2000. The findings reveal trends such as changes in the makeup of budget office personnel, a lack of budget offices in moving toward cost accounting, and trends in budget preparation and budget documents. Some budget reforms seem to have plateaued, beginning in the mid-1990s, while other reforms have exhibited 'backsliding'. It is clear that the states are not all marching in unison in reforming their budget systems. As with earlier phases of this study, the 2000 data raise many questions that will be explored in future research.


The study undertakes to identify the point of view of university leaders to develop university administration. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method for the present study. The study uses a questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The questionnaire consists of four main dimensions to measure the competitiveness of university administration in Saudi universities. There are 37 items in the questionnaire. The research sample includes 172 deans of faculties, heads of academic departments, and administrations at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. The research concluded that Saudi universities' administration role in achieving a competitive advantage is moderate. There are no statistically significant differences according to the variable of gender and service years. Based on the findings, a proposal has been developed to advance university administration and improve the competitiveness at Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. The research also recommended establishing advisory councils to provide developmental consultations to the university to serve the vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.


Study Objective: To study the incidence of cryoglobulinemia (CGE) in chronic hepatitis C infection (hepatitis C infection) and to analyse the characteristics of chronic hepatitis C infection with CGE in Belarusian patients. Study Design: Open non-randomised observational study. Materials and Methods. The study included 773 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (in Minsk). The patients had their anti-hepatitis C antibodies, chronic hepatitis C RNA and virus genotype measured; blood cryoglobulins identified; demographic and epidemiological data collected; and complete blood assay and biochemical blood assay performed. Study Results. 282 (36.5%) subjects had positive blood cryoglobulins test, while 491 (63.5%) patients had negative result. CGE and non-CGE groups had comparable sex, BMI and infection duration parameters. CGE patients had statistically more surgeries (р < 0.001), clinical syndromes (including asthenovegetative, arthralgic and dyspeptic syndromes, р < 0.001 in all cases), hepatic fibrosis F3 (р < 0.05), hepatic cirrhosis (р < 0.001), and extrahepatic diseases (EHDs); more often they had genotype 3 of hepatitis C infection (р < 0.05) and low replicative activity of the virus (р < 0.05). Conclusion. The incidence of CGE in the study population made 36.5%. CGE patients had more pronounced hepatic process chronization, frequenter EHDs, more genotype 3 cases, and lower replicative activity of the virus. Keywords: hepatitis С, hepatic cirrhosis, cryoglobulinemia, extrahepatic diseases.


Discovering Processing Stages by combining EEG with Hidden Markov Models Jelmer P. Borst (email@example.com) John R. Anderson (email@example.com) Dept. of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University Abstract with condition. Using this information, and by comparing EEG signatures between states and experimental conditions, one can interpret the functional characteristics of the identified processing stages. Our approach is based on a similar method that was used to analyze fMRI data (Anderson & Fincham, in press; Anderson et al., 2010). For instance, Anderson and Fincham (in press) applied the method to mathematical problem solving, and discovered four stages: encoding the problems, planning a solution strategy, solving the problems, and entering a response. Although these results were promising, the temporal resolution of fMRI is severely limited, both by having scans that typically last one to two seconds and by the sluggish nature of the hemodynamic response. EEG, on the other hand, has a millisecond resolution, allowing for the discovery of processing stages in fast-paced tasks. We applied the HMM-EEG analysis to an associative recognition task. During the study phase of this task, subjects were asked to learn word pairs. In a subsequent test phase – during which EEG data were collected – subjects were again presented with word pairs, which could be the same pairs as they learned previously (targets), rearranged pairs (re-paired foils), or pairs consisting of novel words (new foils). Subjects had to decide whether they had seen the pair during the study phase or not. Successful discrimination required remembering not only that the words were studied (item information), but also how the words were paired during study (associative information). A conventional EEG analysis and a classifier analysis of this study were reported elsewhere (Borst et al., submitted). Currently, we are interested in finding out how many stages the subjects went through while determining a correct response. A new method is demonstrated for identifying processing stages in a task. Since the 1860s cognitive scientists have used different methods to identify processing stages, usually based on reaction time (RT) differences between conditions. To overcome the limitations of RT-based methods we used Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to analyze EEG data. The HMMs indicate for how many stages there is evidence in the data, and how the durations of these stages vary with experimental condition. This method was applied to an associative recognition task in which associative strength and target/foil type were manipulated. The HMM-EEG method identified six different processing stages for targets and re- paired foils, whereas four similar stages were identified for new foils. The duration of the third, fifth and sixth stage varied with associative strength for targets and re-paired foils. We present an interpretation of the identified stages, and conclude that the method can provide valuable insight in human information processing. Keywords: EEG; HMM, processing stages. Introduction One of the main goals of cognitive science is to understand how humans perform tasks. To this end, scientists have long tried to identify different processing stages in human information processing. The first to do this in a systematic manner was probably Franciscus Donders. Almost 150 years ago, Donders proposed a method to measure the duration of cognitive stages (1868). By subtracting the RTs of two tasks that were hypothesized to share all but one processing stage, the duration of that stage could be calculated. A strong – and often problematic – assumption of Donders' subtractive method is the idea that it is possible to add an entire stage without changing the duration of other stages. To test whether different stages exist in the first place, Sternberg proposed the additive-factor method (1969). Although Sternberg overcame a limitation of Donders' method, the additive-factors method has its own drawbacks: it can only indicate the minimum number of stages in a task and it does not yield duration estimates of the stages. To improve on these inherent problems of RT- based methods and get better insight in stage existence and duration we propose a new method that uses HMMs (e.g., Rabiner, 1989) to analyze EEG data. The basic idea of our method is to fit HMMs with different numbers of states to the EEG data (note that we use 'processing stages' and 'HMM states' interchangeably throughout the paper). The optimal number of states can then be determined by comparing the log-likelihoods of the fitted HMMs. Subsequently, the durations of the different states can be inspected, as well as how these durations vary Methods Subjects Twenty individuals from the Carnegie Mellon University community participated in a single 3-hr session for monetary compensation (9 males and 11 females, ages ranging from 18 to 40 years with a mean age of 26 years). All were right-handed and none reported a history of neurological impairment. Design The experiment consisted of a study phase in which subjects learned word pairs and a test phase in which they were tested on these word pairs. In addition to probe type (targets, re-paired foils, or new foils), we manipulated word length and associative strength. Words could either be short (4 or 5


Abstract Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) is native to Mediterranean Europe and invasive in the Rio Grande Basin of North America. Rhizomes from nine sites in France and Spain infested with a candidate control agent, the armoured scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) weighed 50% less than those from nine sites without scale.


Transformer failure caused by the corrosion of copper material in transformer attracts great attention of researchers and engineers. In this paper, Karamay No. 25 naphthenic mineral oil, Karamay No. 25 paraffinic mineral oil, Kraft paper and copper were used to compose four combinations of oil-paper insulation samples. The ageing by-products and dielectric properties of the four combinations of oil-paper insulation samples were compared after they were thermally aged at 130°C. The influence of copper on the by-products and dielectric properties of different oil-paper insulations was obtained. The results show that copper can accelerate the ageing rate of insulation oils and reduce their AC breakdown voltage. The content of copper substance dissolved in insulating oil increases with ageing time at first and then decreases. The paper aged in the oil-paper insulation sample with copper has higher moisture content than the one without copper. Results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that there is copper product deposited on the surface of insulation paper. The insulation oil and paper aged in the oil-paper insulation sample with copper have higher dielectric loss and conductivity than that without copper.


In factory automation systems, it is strongly desired to provide highly flexible control software because of frequent system modification. However, short term development and modification of control software is difficult for traditional control software which is developed by using procedural general purpose programming languages. Recently, konwledge engineering methods which can describe control logics directly and in non-procedural manner have been applied to many fields. However, few applications have been put to practical use. Furthermore, very little is reported about these implementation. We have applied the knowledge engineering method to real time control of billet conditioning line in steel works. The paper presented rule based control system applied to billet conditioning line and its evaluation. First, the software configuration in which high flexibility, high response and easy interface to plant were considered, is presented. Next, the practical method for checking consistency of control logic is presented. Finally, evaluation results about the application are presented. Based on real data, it is presented that control software is developed step by step and easily modified. As the results, control software development man power were reduced to 1/3 compared with traditional methods. Additionally, useful knowhow such as the ratio of inference time for response time (about 20%), software construction method of rule based control system with which control logics can be modified only by data modification are presented.


A systematic approach for modeling and verifying timing constraints was developed to ensure timing constraints in the real-time systems.The approach defines the basic time concepts and gives a timing constraint model based on the simple temporal problem-improved(STP-I)method.A verification algorithm is given for consistence checking of the constraint graph model using a constraint resolver.A transformation mechanism is also given to transform complex timing constraints to basic expressions.A case study of a real-time data process unit(DPU) system illustrates the approach.This approach gives a more systematic analysis of typical fault models for real-time systems than existing designs,hence it can model the constraints more accurately using the concepts of time points and time intervals that facilitate effective time defect detection.


Steve Daniels, news of whose death in 2011 has just reached us, made a significant contribution to the archaeology of Africa, particularly that of West Africa. Born in 1937, Steve is remembered by his sisters as having been a reserved and seemingly selfsufficient boy, but one whose life was subsequently spent seeking to find answers, sometimes to obscure questions, but always with single-minded determination. After graduating in archaeology from Clare College Cambridge, he took up his first appointment in Africa in Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia) in 1962, as Secretary/ Inspector in the National Monuments Commission, posts previously occupied by, among others, Desmond Clark and Brian Fagan. In this capacity, he contributed to two volumes on Iron Age Cultures in Zambia, writing an appendix on 'time scales' in Volume 1 (Fagan 1967) and co-authoring Volume 2 (Fagan et al. 1969). He also showed an early interest in the statistical determination of pottery types, contributing an article on this subject to a volume edited by G.J. Snowball (1965) on Science and Medicine in Central Africa. Steve himself, however, had already left Zambia in 1964, following his appointment to a position at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria, where he remained for the next ten years. In Ibadan Steve was first employed at the Institute of African Studies, but then in the Department of Archaeology, which he helped to set up along with Professor Thurstan Shaw. On arrival, he was plunged more or less straight in to the excavations at Iwo Eleru, a rock shelter in southwestern Nigeria, which took place between February and May 1965 (Shaw and Daniels 1984). Over half a million stone artefacts, mostly very small, were recovered and, as Shaw put it, their classification was a lengthy and tedious business, as was their subsequent statistical analysis. This analysis fell to Steve and the procedure employed is fully explained in the monograph. Detailed examination was confined to thirty variables from 141 stratigraphic units in two trenches, analysed according to a scheme worked out by Steve that he termed 'time vector analysis'. A time vector plane, divided into eight successive groups, was established on the basis of this material and this helped to provide a chronological framework for the interpretation of the site as a whole. The results agreed with the radiocarbon dates and the superposition of the units within each trench and constituted a vital part of the general outline of the Iwo Eleru succession presented by the two authors, which has provided the basis for all further characterisation of this site and its comparison to others. The site's importance is enhanced by the fact that human remains found at the base of the succession and


The Mountain Gorilla Project (MGP) has now been running in the field for over five years. This report covers its activities between November 1982 and February 1984 and also considers what has been achieved so far and what has still to be done. A review is timely for we are approaching a critical point in the evolution of the project. The author has been employed by ffPS as the MGP Field Officer in Rwanda for the past two-and-a-half years.


Medical diagnostic data produced by hospitals has increased exponentially. With the coming era of digitized medical information and film-less imaging, it has been a challenge to deal with the storage and transmission requirement of enormous data. Compression is one of the indispensable techniques to solve this problem; with this the wavelet-based approaches have been the mainstream in the signal compression community. Wavelets are especially suitable for applications where scalability and tolerable degradation are important. Thus, many waveletbased image compression algorithms have been developed, resulting in practical advances such as: continuous-tone and bit-level compression, lossless and lossy compression, progressive transmission by pixel, accuracy and resolution, region of interest coding and others. This paper aims to discuss some of the latest and efficient, wavelet based compression techniques followed by comparison in order to do justice to the three, namely: memory requirement, bandwidth constraint, and battery resource constraint.


This paper attempts to study the visual metaphors appearing in the architecture of the Palace Museum in Beijing (also called Forbidden City) to show the unique characteristics of hierarchy and status symbols embodied in the tradition of Chinese culture. The author believes the study of visual metaphors entailed in the traditional architecture of China provides a special angle to the savvy of Chinese culture.


Cochannel signals in a time-division multiple-access (TDMA) cellular network interfere with each other in an asynchronous manner. In order to demodulate one of these signals, the receiver must be able to separate the cochannel interferers for a variety of burst overlap scenarios. We present an adaptive beam-forming algorithm that separates cochannel IS-136 signals using the known synchronization sequences. It employs constrained least-squares algorithms that process the antenna data in two sequential passes. In this way, the data are accurately beamformed within a burst even when the cochannel scenario changes during the burst.


In this study essential oil of the aerial parts of Heracleum persicum a spice widely used in Iran was isolated by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) techniques. The extraction yield was determined and the chemical compositions of essential oils were identified by the application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was determined by two different methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and oven test methods. Although the main compounds of essential oils by the both extraction methods were similar, the essential oil extracted by HD with lower extraction efficiency showed more diverse compounds. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of the essential oil measured by delay in sunflower oil oxidation indicated that the antioxidant activity was dependent on the concentration which increased when higher concentrations of the essential oils were applied. The results of DPPH radical assay also indicated that the percentage of inhibition increased with increasing of essential oil concentration and IC50 value for essential oil extracted by MAHD method was obtained 1.25 mg/mL. Therefore the Heracleum persicum essential oil might be recommended for use as a flavoring agent and a source of natural antioxidants in functional foods, formulation of the supplements and in medicinal due to numerous pharmacological activities.


The influence of chemical modificate of surface of titanium phosphate on its ability to sorb of strontium ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The samples of titanium phosphate were modificated by NH4OH solution and irradiate by Bremsstrahlung gamma rays. It was shown, that phosphate titanium's ability to sorb of strontium ions from aqueous solutions is increasing after modificated.


Nowadays, cardiac disease is one of the most common cause of death. Each year almost one million of angioplasty interventions and stents implantations are made all over the world. Unfortunately, in 20-30% of cases neointimal proliferations leads to restenosis occurring within the following period of 3-6 months. Three major factors are believed to contribute mostly to the edge restenosis: (a) mechanical damage of the artery's wall caused by the stent implantation, (b) interaction between the stent and the blood constituents and (c) endothelial growth stimulation by small (lower that 1.5 Pa) and oscillating wall shear stress. Assuming that this last factor is particularly important, a numerical model of restenosis basing on wall shear stress distribution in the stented artery was elaborated. A numerical simulations of the development of in-stent restenosis have been performed and realistic geometric patterns of a progressing lumen reduction have been obtained. Keywords—Coronary artery disease, coronary blood flow, instent restenosis.


Abstract Objective: To determine the relation between preeclampsia (PE) and pregravid body mass index (BMI) in twin pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 542 women pregnant with twins. Results: Forty-nine patients developed PE (9%). Underweight, overweight and obese women were at a higher risk of PE than normal-weight mothers. There was no linear (p = 0.7) but significant U-shaped relation between BMI and PE (p < 0.006). The lowest risk of PE development was related to BMI of about 23 kg/m2. Conclusions: Nonlinear relation between PE occurrence and BMI suggests that using homogeneous PE risks of BMI groups may be incorrect.


The pervasive nature of web-based content has lead to the development of applications and user interfaces that port between a broad range of operating systems and databases, while providing intuitive access to static and time-varying information. However, the integration of this vast resource into virtual environments has remained elusive. In this paper we present an implementation of a 3D Web Browser (WebVR) that enables the user to search the internet for arbitrary information and to seamlessly augment this information into virtual environments. WebVR provides access to the standard data input and query mechanisms offered by conventional web browsers, with the difference that it generates active texture-skins of the web contents that can be mapped onto arbitrary surfaces within the environment. Once mapped, the corresponding texture functions as a fully integrated web-browser that will respond to traditional events such as the selection of links or text input. As a result, any surface within the environment can be turned into a web-enabled resource that provides access to user-definable data. In order to leverage from the continuous advancement of browser technology and to support both static as well as streamed content, WebVR uses ActiveX controls to extract the desired texture skin from industry strength browsers, providing a unique mechanism for data fusion and extensibility.


The layup optimization of the laminated composites is a very complex topic which involves a convoluted solution space usually explored using heuristic computational techniques. Due to the solution space complexity a lot of layup configurations are evaluated during the optimization process. This fact leads to the mandatory requirement that the configuration evaluation should be fast enough to ensure the convergence of the optimization procedure without sacrificing the accuracy. In this work, we propose a robust, accurate and very fast finite element model based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The model is structured in three main parts: preprocessing, processing and post processing. The main strategy is to transfer as much as possible operations in the preprocessing phase which is executed only once and to subsequently reuse the results in the processing and post processing phases which are executed for each layup configuration. Using this strategy, the execution time of the processing and post processing phases is drastically reduced and almost consists of regenerating and solving the global linear system - more that 95%. The proposed procedure is relatively easy to implement in Matlab which holds a very powerful linear system solver for sparse matrices. Also, the accuracy of the model was demonstrated by comparison with Ansys and with some closed form solutions.


The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of slow-release non-protein nitrogen compound with the enzymatic activity (SENPN) and to compare it with the activity of slow-releasing non-protein nitrogen compound (SNPN) in beef cattle feeding. The following indicators were monitored: body weight (BW), average weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), trunk weight at slaughter (TWS) and dressing percentage (DP). Beef cattle were divided into two groups of uniform body weights ; control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The feed ration of the CG contained SNPN, while the feed ration of the EG contained SENPN. During the trial, three weights were performed to measure BW. The trial consisted of two parts: (i) the first part of the trial refers to the period between the first and second weighing, in which the feed ration of the EG contained 4.81% less starch per kg of dry matter (DM) compared to the feed ration of the CG, and (ii) the second part of the trial was conducted in the period between the second and third weighing, in which the feed ration contained equal starch levels. After the third weighing, the beef cattle were transported to the slaughterhouse, where they were sacrificed, and subsequently the values of TWS and DP were measured. There were no statistically significant differences found for each of the measured parameters. In conclusion, the usage of SENPN positively affects the utilisation of nutrients in the mixture, e.g. feed ration.


This essay, like much of my recent writing, is concerned with explaining how I go about my work, by reflecting on what I have inherited from others, how I have conducted my own practices over time as feminist, jurisprudent, and historian, and how those personae join together. The central thread of this self-consciously explanatory writing, and the histories of jurisprudence and feminism that accompanies it, is to make plain that the personae I inhabit when I write, as much as what I write about and how, have a literal genealogy, are a matter of inheritance, as much as reimagination. The purpose of addressing this as a central concern in my work is neither to offer 'personal experience', as a confessional or Romantic gloss, nor as a political device. It is to train myself in the activity of writing within the conduct of life tradition; and to imagine forms of writing adequate to the engagements I believe are a necessary part of my own life as a scholar in contemporary Australia (Genovese 2013; Genovese 2014). This journal article is available in Law Text Culture: http://ro.uow.edu.au/ltc/vol20/iss1/4 14 0000Law Text Culture Vol 2


The paper focuses on the design of a wide-band pattern diversity antenna module for vehicular communication. A four-port pattern diversity antenna whose radiations maximize the coverage of the antenna azimuthal plane is presented. The individual antennas resonate at 5.8 GHz with 540 MHz impedance bandwidth. The proposed design also provides equal gains throughout the antenna coverage. The individual antennas produce a pattern diversity of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees and their gains vary from 6.8 dBi to 7.5 dBi. The pattern diversity antenna has a mutual coupling of less than 19 dB which is a reasonable value to reduce the interferences among the ports. The topology of the four-port antenna design also provides space in the middle of the structure for placing any external circuitry, thus saving some extra space. Both the single-element cavity antenna and four-port cavity antenna were fabricated and later tested. The proposed design can be used for vehicular network applications as it is able to sweep the azimuth plane using its four ports.


Coniferous as spruce (more specifically Norway spruce, Picea abies) and deciduous
species like European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus spp.) co exist in south
Sweden. In perspective of climate change, species composition of Swedish forests is
assumed to change.
Observed climate on the period 1950-2010 prove that a general warming trend is
occurring in southern Sweden, and that vegetation growth period is getting longer.
From the observed weather data, annual precipitation and minimum temperature in
spring are highlighted in order to analyse the response of the three tree species.
Extreme years are distinguished.
Responses from the trees are studied in terms of onset and end of vegetation period
and length of vegetation period, for each species, using observations from satellite data
(MODIS) for the period 2000-2009. Variations observed during extreme years constitute
the basis for an interpretation of the species-specific response to climate events,
qualified as stressful for the vegetation.
Further on, the discussion is relating stressful weather events with tree defence capacity
and biotic stresses (e.g insect outbreaks) and their role in a disturbance system. Links to
forest ecosystem are made through processes like regeneration, competition and
migration. Climate change projections are analysed in order to study the potential
reactions of the three species in South Sweden with climate shifts according the
observations made in the previous parts.


The early initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy is conceived as one of the most important public health interventions addressing cardiovascular risk in the population. However, the actual contribution of this public health intervention to reduce blood pressure (BP) at the population level is largely unknown. Hence, the aim of the present investigation is to estimate the potential public health effects of the use of antihypertensive medication on BP in the population aged 16 and older. Data from three population health surveys periodically conducted in the United States, England, and Scotland are analysed (N = 362,275). The secular trends of BP measurements and the potential public health impact of the use of antihypertensive medications on BP over time are analysed in a series of linear mixed models. Between 1992 and 2019, a secular trend of decreasing systolic and diastolic BP occurred (−16.24 99% CI [−16.80; −15.68] and −3.08 99% CI [−3.36; −2.80] mmHg, respectively). The potential public health impact of the use of antihypertensive medications in the period 1992–2019 on systolic BP was estimated to lie between −8.56 99% CI [−8.34; −8.77] and −8.68 99% CI [−8.33; −9.03] mmHg. Average reduction of diastolic BP was in the range of −5.56 99% CI [−5.71; −5.42] and −6.55 99% CI [−6.78; −6.32] mmHg. The observed changes in the distribution of BP measurements over time were found to be more strongly related to secular trends affecting the whole populations, rather than to increases in the proportion of individuals taking antihypertensive medications.


Forecasting for the time series sales data of fashion products is crucial for many fashion companies. However, both the traditional statistical methods and the more advanced intelligent artificial intelligence (AI) methods suffer serious drawbacks in which the former's performance depend highly on the time series data's features whereas the latter ones are slow. There is hence a need to call for the development of an intelligent time series forecasting system which is fast, versatile and can achieve a reasonably high accuracy. In this paper, we explore this issue and propose a research agenda for future studies around intelligent fast forecasting system for the prediction of fashion sales time series.


Hut et al. reported randomized trials for the comparison of the efficacy between pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT) and a-blocker dosing for lower urinary tract symptoms using urological notes. The authors concluded that PFMT is an effective treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms comparable with a-blockers from a subjective evaluation using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), but no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. There is space for discussion on this conclusion. The study itself used tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day alone, but there are several other options in regard to a-blockers, such as silodosin, so it might be interesting to compare several medications. Next, I could not find the information on prostate size, transitional zone size or extent of intravesical prostatic protrusion in those patients. Readers will want to know this information, and it is necessary for decision-making when selecting PFMT or an a-blocker as a therapeutic strategy. Basically, the Japanese Urological Association guideline also recommends prostate ultrasonography for evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as symptom scores, such as the IPSS, uroflowmetry or postvoid residual urine volume. Therefore, it would be better to gain information of prostate size and shape by using non-invasive tests. In contrast, most urologists are not familiar with PFMT, which is described in the supplemental tables in detail, and in addition, the concept of rehabilitation has been spread in many fields, not only for orthopedics or neurosurgery, but also for heart or respiratory disease, as a treatment option. In this regard, the present study can be thought of as one reflecting this kind of new trend, even in benign diseases, and we urologists might like to know how many patients can complete this PFMT program and if a higher rate can be achieved. It would be interesting to know how the authors or the persons in charge motivate the patients, and the strategy for completion of the PFMT program might be also important, as well as the program itself. This study is, I believe, useful and citable for many urologists who treat BPH (almost 100%) for the aforementioned reasons. Therefore, from the viewpoint of IJU readers, Table 1 is an important tool for helping us understand what this study achieved. The authors compared the "Change in scores" in the right column between PFMT and medication, assessing those changes from baseline to follow up (after treatments), and showed no significant difference between these two treatments options. However, one possibility to make the differences of the two methods clearer is that each P-value of comparison between baseline and follow up in each PFMT and medication, so it might be come out some significant change brought by the treatments.


attracted the attention of chemists, since they exhibit important biological activity in medicinal chemistry.1 As one example, they show very good antibacterial effects.2 Here, we report the crystal structure of the title compound, shown in Fig. 1. To a solution of 1.042 g (10 mmol) of N-ethyl thiourea in 50 mL of absolute ethanol, a solution of 2.645 g (10 mmol) of 1-mesityl-1-methyl-3-(2-chrloro-1oxoethyl)cyclobutane, which was synthesized according to the published procedure,3 in 20 mL of absolute ethanol was added dropwise at 60 – 70 ̊C with continuous stirring and monitoring the course of reaction with IR. Monitoring the visibility of the carbonyl group of 1 mesityl-1-methyl-3-(2-chloro-1oxoethyl)cyclobutane is easily done and so it is very easy to determine the completion of the reaction. After the reaction had completed, the solution was made alkaline with an aqueous solution of NH3 (5%) to separate a pale yellow solid substance, 4-(1-mesityl-1-methylcyclobutane-3-yl)-2-(N-ethyl)aminothiazole. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with aqueous ammonia solution and water several times, dried in air and crystallized from aqueous ethanol (1:3). Thus, beautiful diffraction quality shining crystals of the substance were obtained. The authenticity of the substance was first established 725 ANALYTICAL SCIENCES JUNE 2002, VOL. 18 2002 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry


This paper focuses on a lifecycle evaluation of building sustainability following a Green Building standard - LEED. The purpose is to provide an efficient and effective way to guide the different stakeholders involved in the building lifecycle performance properly and realize sustainable practices, which includes the owner, designer, contractor, manager, and end-users. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is selected to be a platform to integrate all the information to improve interoperability. Starting from planning and design phase, LEED standards will be embedded in the BIM model to evaluate the building design. A rule-based system is developed to automatically evaluate the sustainability and provide flexibility for different scenarios to gain better green grade. This BIM model will be also used during the construction phase and data collected from the construction site will be integrated and the model will be updated in real-time using an RTLS system. The as-built situation will be checked to see if it matches the as-designed sustainability aspects. During the operation phase, energy consumption data are collected and energy consumption patterns are analyzed based on the spatial division in the building. The real energy performance of the building can be checked to see if the designed features reach the sustainability goal.


I focus on the English translation of the first-person narrative Joothan by Dalit Hindi writer Omprakash Valmiki to ask how we read accounts from the "downtrodden" across languages and cultures. I argue that the Dalit atmakatha posits a different relationship between self and society than most autobiography in English, and so puts productive pressure on the generic expectations used to assess human rights.


PURPOSE: A heating apparatus is provided to enable a user to treat and prevent diseases including hemorrhoid and the like while enjoying fumigation. CONSTITUTION: A heating apparatus comprises: a frame(20) which is equipped with a first plate placed on the surface and an assistant plate combined with the upper side of a first plate; a seat frame(30) which is installed in the frame and is formed so that a user can take a seat; and a heat irradiation unit(40) which is installed in the assistant plate and seat frame of the frame and irradiates heat to the body of a user.


The Avrami exponent n of Ti 50 Ni 25 Cu 25 amorphous ribbons during isothermal annealing derived from the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation is about 3.0 and shows good agreement with that obtained by Schlosmacher et al. This indicates that the main crystallization mechanism of Ti 50 Ni 25 Cu 25 ribbons is interface-controlled three-dimensional isotropic growth with early nucleation-site saturation. According to the Arrhenius relation, the activation energy for crystallization is 314kJ/mol. This value is similar to that obtained using the Kissinger method, which implies that the crystallization during continuous heating or isothermal annealing follows a similar crystallization mechanism.