ABSTRACT Research in biomass gasification with subcritical and supercritical water is reviewed. Catalytic conversion of biomass in sub- and supercritical water is a low-temperature gasification technique that can be carried out from 473 to 973 K. Research is categorized according to temperature and water density, since reaction mechanisms greatly depend on these variables.


In the context of globalization,multinational enterprises arrange production all over the world,so that the foreign commercial presences broaden the coverage of international trade. However,traditional statistical system of cross border trade,which is evaluated by resident-based method,take foreign commercial presences as residents in host country and activities of foreign direct investment enterprises can't be well reflected in the international trade statistics. Ownership-based method is considered as a kind of supplement for counties to provide international trade statistics. China is involved in globalization deeply where more than half of its surplus is created by the foreign affiliates located in China,half of which are wholly foreign owned firms. It is deemed that the cross border trade statistics can't show real trade balance of China and ownership-based statistics are needed. Although evaluating the trade balance of China based on ownership is an important work,lacking data is the difficulty faced by researchers. In recent years,the improvements of statistical system of foreign direct investment of China push us to perfect this work. In this paper,we integrated cross border trade in goods with the activities of foreign direct investment enterprises located in China and Chinese enterprises located abroad in an framework to compile the trade statistics based on ownership and analysis the trade imbalance of China. We finished the work creatively. First,we collected the available data which is published by several government organizations such as the National Bureau of Statistics,Ministry of Commerce and Administration of Foreign Exchange of China so that the data we used are the most abundant compared to the other similar works. Second,we define foreign affiliates in China according to the extent of influence or control of parent and then provide three kinds of coverage of evaluation which allow us to obtain conservative,median and inflated estimates. Third,we provide continually time series from 2006 to 2010 which allow as to analysis the dynamic change of trade statistics and the influence of financial crisis. Fourth,we show the method to compile ownership-based statistics from resident-based statistics so that we can analysis how foreign direct investment firms influent difference between the two kinds of method which allow us to compare different forces affecting the trade imbalance. Our evaluation results are thought-provoking. First,ownership-based trade statistics including import and export are higher than traditional cross trade which is different from the other researches before. The reason is that we use official statistics of activates of affiliates located abroad which is lack in other researches. These results show us that cross trade may underestimate the contribution for the world trade. Second,ownership-based trade balance are lower than traditional cross trade which is the same as the other researches before. It is further proof that the trade competition of China is not strong as we usually think. Third,the difference between the ownership-based trade and residence-based trade become bigger after the financial crisis. Traditionally,the cross trade balance decreased in 2009 which is a proof that China is no longer a country with huge trade surplus. Our work provides further evidence of ownership-based statistics to support this point of view. Moreover,China may face the problem of trade deficit since 2009. Fourth,the influence of foreign affiliates located in China is bigger than the China's affiliates abroad. More than 85% of difference between ownership-based and residency-based trade is induced by the domestic activities of affiliates. Their cross trade can explain only 15%. Although we try our best to provide more information about trade balance of China,there are some problems we need explain. Since lack of data,we can't divide China's affiliates abroad as wholly foreign owned and controlled by parent. So the different coverage of estimation in the paper is limited. It is feasible,not perfect method to solve the complex ownership problem which is a difficulty discussed about ownership-based methods. Nonetheless,we believe that considering the influence of FDI is important when evaluating the trade balance.


Single fiber responses, produced by trapezoidal time pattern of basilar membrane displacements [Sokolich et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 963–974 (1976)] reveal, on each fiber, an increased firing rate during displacements toward scala tympani or toward scala vestibuli, according to the characteristic frequency of the fiber. Such signals have been tested, using our peripheral auditory system modeling [J. M. Dolmazon and L. Bastet, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 65, S14 (1979)]. Simulation results show good agreement with experimental data. In the experiments described here, such test signals have been studied by psychoacoustic tests. The perception thresholds of medium or high frequency tone bursts superimposed on a low frequency (40 Hz) trapezoidal signal have been specified for different position of this modulation inside the fundamental period. In order to excite fibers with different characteristic frequencies, experiments have been done with several modulation frequencies. Results are described and disc...


We present a performance analysis of a linear multiuser detector whose parameters are selected according to a statistical criterion for blind source separation previously proposed by the authors. Our approach exploits the properties of the well-known constant modulus (CM) criterion and has been shown to be free of undesirable minima in the absence of noise. We provide a closed-form expression of the mean square error (MSE) achieved at the minima when noise is present and show that it is reached the same value as with the conventional minimum MSE (MMSE) detector. This way, we demonstrate that our blind adaptive source separation algorithm is able to implement the MMSE detector without the need of training sequences.


Topological/perfectly-transmissive defects play a fundamental role in the analysis of the symmetries of two dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs). In the present work, spin chain regularizations for these defects are proposed and analyzed in the case of the three-state Potts CFT. In particular, lattice versions for all the primitive defects are presented, with the remaining defects obtained from the fusion of the primitive ones. The defects are obtained by introducing modified interactions around two given sites of an otherwise homogeneous spin chain with periodic boundary condition. The various primitive defects are topological on the lattice except for one, which is topological only in the scaling limit. The lattice models are analyzed using a combination of exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group techniques. Low-lying energy spectra for different defect Hamiltonians as well as entanglement entropy of blocks located symmetrically around the defects are computed. The latter provides a convenient way to compute the $g$-function which characterizes various defects. Finally, the eigenvalues of the line operators in the"crossed channel'' and fusion of different defect lines are also analyzed. The results are all in agreement with expectations from conformal field theory.


Cloud computing is one of the latest research area that helps in storing the information permanently on the servers and manages the different resources for the requested users to provide on-demand services. In order to create the more usable and economic value based cloud computing, the principles, goals and structure of the cloud engineering is of vital importance. The objective of this study is to analyze the CPU and memory performance of different open source clouds. We will use different open source cloud to measure the different performance metrics like CPU time for downloading and uploading of file, memory usage while downloading and uploading the file, standard deviation of CPU usage and standard deviation of memory usage.


The paper focuses on the implementation of an optimized, cost effective parking solution for smart cities where car will be parked and guided on place or a block where it best suits and the parking area is fully utilized with minimum quanta of fragmentation or left over space. This paper includes utilizing algorithm of operating system, concept of image processing and image analysis through convolutional neural network and a portal using a framework with database connectivity. The Proper dataflow is being descripted from the car image acquisition and its processing a basic predictions and the allotment of car in a particular block of a parking system. This approach would be beneficial for the maximum utilization of that area also the specific usage in hospitals, malls etc would not face any problem. The main key role is to include deep learning in the model fitting for training and testing the data set containing images of cars and there categories where they belongs. The methodology used for allotment of cars is the fitting algorithm used in operating systems and refining, modifying the algorithm according to the suitability of the dynamic car allotment in real time. The database developed will comprise which block is empty or occupied and left over space will be there for the proper guidance of cars and for the calculation shown in mathematical approach.


One-dimensional impact response of graded cellular rods with monotonously increasing density distribution, which benefits in buffering the impact object in proximal end, is investigated by using shock models and cell-based finite element models. Based on the rigid–plastic hardening (R-PH) idealization, a theoretical model of the shock front propagation behavior in graded cellular rods subjected by impact is developed and solved numerically with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme. Finite element analysis is performed using 2D random Voronoi technique, and the comparisons illustrate that the theoretical predictions and finite element results are in good agreement. The anti-impact responses of graded cellular materials with different gradient parameters are carried out, and it is demonstrated that the design indicators, including support stress, critical length and maximum deceleration of the object, are highly related to the gradient parameters of graded cellular materials. A design strategy for the impact alleviation of graded cellular materials is proposed. Thus, the gradient parameters can be finally determined to meet the requirement of the actual design indicators and it can also offer an optimal critical length for final graded cellular materials.


Objective To investigate the difference of two types of pancreatic fistula occurring in pancreatoduodenectomy patients following three types of pancreaticojejunostomy. Methods Total of 89 medical records were collected and analyzed in the present retrospective study. The patients were divided into three groups according to the different types of pancreaticojejunostomy being administered, which were binding pancreaticoenterostomy group(36 cases), end-to-end two-layer invaginated pancreaticoenterostomy group(28 cases) and end-to-side two-layer invaginated pancreaticoenterostomy group (25 cases). Numbers of pancreatic fistula patients for every group was counted and compared by independent samples Kruskal-Wallis analysis using SPSS 11.5 statistical software. Significance was defined as P 0.05. Results None and 6 and 5 patients were diagnosed as pancreatic fistula in binding pancreaticoenterostomy, end-to-end two-layer invaginated pancreaticoenterostomy and end-to-side two-layer invaginated pancreaticoenterostomy group, respectively. There were less number of simple pancreatic leakage patients in binding pancreaticoenterostomy group than those of end-to-end two-layer invaginated pancreaticoenterostomy(5 cases)and end-to-side two-layer invaginated pancreaticoenterostomy group (4 cases), and no significance was conformed between the latter two groups. There was no significance of anastomotic leakage among the three groups (P 0.05). Conclusion The chances of simple pancreatic leakage, from the hole of the suture needle, might be reduced by binding pancreaticoenterostomy. The determination and classification of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy may be worth investigating and establishing by further studies.


Electric vehicles have the potential to substitute conventional vehicles and to contribute to the sustainable
development of the transportation sector worldwide. There is an international consensus that the sustainability
assessment of electric vehicles should be performed on a life cycle basis, including production, operation and
end of life. Based on life cycle assessment activities in the 18 member countries, the International Energy
Agency Implementing Agreement on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (IA-HEV) formed a Task on the LCA of
electric vehicles. In Task 19, "Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles - From raw material resources to
waste management of vehicles with an electric drivetrain," the key LCA issues that apply to EVs were identified
and applied in various case studies. The following seven key categories were identified, evaluated and applied in
"best practice" applications: 1) General issues, 2) Life cycle modelling approach, 3) Vehicle cycle (production –
use – end of life), 4) Electricity production, 5) Inventory analysis, 6) Impact assessment 7) Reference system.


This report covers the research done during the first phase of the subcontract. During this period, we have concentrated on two areas: improving the voltage and stability of a-Si:H devices made using ECR deposition, and improving the properties of a-(Si,Ge):H films also using ECR deposition.


TNF‐α has been shown to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 production in various tissues. However, the mechanisms underlying TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) remain unclear. Here, the roles of growth factor receptors, NF‐κB, and p300 in TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 production were investigated in HTSMCs. TNF‐α‐induced expression of MMP‐9 and phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, and Akt were significantly attenuated by the inhibitors of Src (PP1), EGFR (AG1478), and PI3‐K (LY294002). TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 production and NF‐κB translocation into the nucleus were blocked by a NF‐κB inhibitor helenalin. TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 expression was blocked by a specific inhibitor of p300, curcumin, indicating that phosphorylation of Akt was translocated into the nucleus and interacted with p300, acetyl‐histone (H3) and NF‐κB p65 inhibited by the LY294002 and curcumin. Finally, ChIP assay revealed that TNF‐α induced association of NF‐κB p65, p300, and histone H3 with the mmp‐9 promoter mediated through a PI3K/Akt dependent pathway.


We performed numerical simulation of flow in a laboratory model of a Francis hydroturbine at startup regimes. Numerical technique for calculating of low frequency pressure pulsations in a water turbine is based on the use of DES (k-ω Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model and the approach of "frozen rotor". The structure of the flow behind the runner of turbine was analysed. Shows the effect of flow structure on the frequency and intensity of non-stationary processes in the flow path. Two version of the inlet boundary conditions were considered. The first one corresponded measured time dependence of the discharge. Comparison of the calculation results with the experimental data shows the considerable delay of the discharge in this calculation. Second version corresponded linear approximation of time dependence of the discharge. This calculation shows good agreement with experimental results.


Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition that shares common features with severe sepsis. This study aimed to report the number of children with suspected HLH in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to compare clinical and laboratory criteria of patients who met the HLH criteria versus those who did not meet HLH criteria to determine the red flags suggesting HLH. Patients and methods This retrospective study included all patients admitted to the PICU of the Alexandria University Children's Hospital in Egypt, over four years from January 2016 to December 2019. Patients were screened for the presence of fever, splenomegaly, and cytopenias; if positive, they were considered as clinically suspected HLH and included in the study. Results Among 1056 patients admitted to PICU during the study period, 54 (5.1%) patients have been identified as clinically suspected HLH. Patients' ages ranged between 1 and 156 months with a median of 17 months. According to HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria, hyperferritinemia was present in all tested patients, hypertriglyceridemia in 63.8%, hypofibrinogenemia in 47.6%, hemophagocytosis in 25%, and elevated soluble CD25 in 84.6%. Seventeen patients (31.5%) fulfilled greater than or equal to 5 HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria, although only 13 (24.1%) patients were fully investigated. The Hscore was higher in patients meeting HLH criteria (P<0.001), but the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2 score was lower (P=0.08). The overall mortality was 63%; more patients (76.5%) died in the HLH group (P=0.16) with a shorter median PICU stay (P=0.03). Conclusion The present study reported the clinical characteristics of children with clinically suspected HLH in a central PICU from a low–middle-income country. HLH was not adequately investigated in PICU patients, and the mortality rate was high. Raising awareness about HLH among PICU physicians is mandatory to minimize missing the diagnosis of HLH.


The pseudospark, a low-pressure gas discharge in a special geometry, is suitable for high-current switching. A single-channel prototype is tested with a 3.3- mu F capacitor bank, voltages up to 30 kV, and peak currents up to 120 kA. The electrical circuit, not comprising any load resistor causes weakly damped sinusoidal pulses of 5- mu s duration at 90% current reversal. For lifetime tests, a switch with an alumina insulator and copper seals is used. Hydrogen is the working gas. Several electrode materials like molybdenum, tungsten, graphite and chromium-copper are tested. Optical investigations of the discharge and of plasma parameters are done with an O-ring sealed pseudospark switch. The light of the discharge is observed spectrally integrated with a streak camera. Spectral resolution is obtained by using a high-speed shutter in combination with a monochromator. The radial electron density is determined by measuring the Stark broadening of the Balmer H/sub beta /-line. At 60 kA a maximum electron density of about 2*10/sup 17/cm/sup -3/ is calculated. >


The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of brand ambassadors and prices on purchasing decisions for Android phones through consumer buying interest. The approach in this study is associative with the data analysis used is path analysis. The population and sample in this study were 147 respondents who were selected by accidental sampling. The results showed that (1) brand ambassadors had a positive and significant effect on buying interest, (2) price had a negative effect on buying interest, (3) brand ambassadors had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, (4) price had a negative effect on purchasing decisions, (5) brand ambassador has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions through buying interest, (6) price has a negative effect on purchasing decisions through buying interest.


by Thomas D. Pollard and William C. Earnshaw Saunders (2002) 805 pages. ISBN 0-7216-3997-6 £34.99

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Catching sight of a copy of Cell Biology on my desk, a colleague waved his hand at a shelf full of similar titles and rather plaintively enquired, "Do we need another


Work as a calling,a construct from religious,is an emerging concept for scholars across a variety of psychological disciplines,is a psychological state which embodies the convergence of an individual's identity,passion with the job and the meaning of his / her life. It reflects an individual's attitudes and perceptions toward his /her current work. A calling is not a thing to be discovered once and for all,but an ongoing process. Every person potentially has a calling and any honest and legitimate area of work can potentially be a calling,even jobs that may not appear to enhance the common good in any obvious way,and jobs that people may have entered without having much of a choice. A sense of calling has little to do,in fact,with a person's actual job,and everything to do with how that person approaches that job. Researchers have found that viewing one's career as a calling is linked with a host of positive work and well-being criterion variables. People with callings are more confident that they can make good decisions about their careers,more commitment to their jobs and organizations,more intrinsically motivated and engaged,and more satisfied with their jobs. They are also happier,more satisfied with life,copy more effectively with challenges,are less likely to suffer from stress and depression,and express a stronger sense of meaning and purpose in their lives.Based on the review of its concept,measurements,theoretical and empirical research literatures about calling, we found there are several shorts in current research: First of all,scholars have conceptualized calling in a number of different ways,there isn't a definition of calling generally accepted,and the measurements of calling are not consistent across the studies,so that the studies are not comparable,which is not conducive to the development of the research in this field. The second is the lack of studies about the antecedent variables of calling which are very important for employee management in organizations. Thirdly,studies on the effect mechanisms of calling at team and organization levels in this field are still quite scarce. Finally,most research on calling has overlooked the potentially negative outcomes of having a calling. Five suggestions are proposed for future researchers to better understand what it means to have a calling and the factors which may have effect on people's sense of calling: developing a stronger conceptual understanding of calling in different cultures by studying more diverse cultural groups and exploring the indirect data to measure calling,such as data by colleagues,exploring the antecedent variables of calling at work from individual and organizational aspects,such as positive affective at the individual level and leadership behavior( transformational leadership and spiritual leadership),organizational structure and culture,human resource management practice at the organizational level,and collecting more longitudinal data to test interventions,extending the studies on dependent variables of calling,such as organizational citizenship behavior,creative behavior and voice,and moderators,such as personal and organizational fit,examining the dark side of a calling to understand the variety of ways calling may lead to negative outcomes,and moderator variables that help explain what types of individuals are most likely to experience such outcomes,investigating the impact of calling on group process and performance at the team level, and conducting cross-cultural study to explore the concept,measurement and effect of calling in China. It is hoped that the promising research base and vast areas of potential growth will continue to make the study of calling attractive to scholars from psychological disciplines and organizational behavior area.


Through the collection of the earthquake catalog of the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake region,GPS measurements and the surrounding stations to electric,magnetic,ground water,water temperature and drilling deformation observation data,drawing the corresponding pictures and studying the geophysical characteristics of the area.The results show that the region Xiadian-Sanhe nearby small earthquakes frequently activities,focal depth is shallow and seismic activity by the control of the fracture structure,the study area as a whole movement to the southeast;the electrical,magnetic,water and mild deformation of surrounding stations before and after the earthquake happened most have abnormal precursory phenomena,and the characteristics are different,these features and abnormal as well as Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake region of the tectonic movement and the seismic activity has a close relationship,these geophysical phenomena can provide a basis for future station observations, take the geophysical characteristics of the various aspects into account,it will have a certain significance to earthquake precursory observation and identification,then provide the basis on the geological and geophysical aspects for the motion law of the geological structure,earthquake monitoring and prediction as well as disaster prevention and mitigation.


We investigated optical gain and lasing characteristics of a polymer thin film co-doped with Rhodamine 6G and 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran dye molecules. By the co-doping of these dyes, the optical gain coefficient and its spectral range were enhanced and widened, respectively. These results cannot be accounted for by the linear combination of the optical gain properties of single-doped films. Owing to this high-gain and wide-band optical amplification property, a distributed feedback lasing with a low threshold of 70  μJ/cm2 as well as a widely tunable wavelength range of 587-613 nm was achieved. We attribute this amplification property of the co-doped film, which cannot be achieved with the single-doped films, to the appearance of a coupled excited state between the two molecules.


A retrospective evaluation of the management of pancreatic pseudocysts according to a treatment strategy described a decade ago is presented. Seventy-two patients were treated, 50 surgically, 16 conse


The aim of this paper is to stick out the ontological irrelevance of the presentist/eternist debate showing meaningful cultural aspects of these currents to embrace a skeptical viewpoint. That is to say, I will defend that this debate is not ontologically genuine and that the debate remains mainly in an epistemological or pragmatic level, introducing psychological, linguistic and anthropological significant examples to outcrop the subjectivity and the mind-dependence of the issue.


Since 20th century,unearthed literature written on silk and bamboo slips has provided real materials for Chinese language study which bears high research value.Function words in Longgang Qin Bamboo Slips were studied and conditions for function words in this book were fully reviewed which had great importance for studying function words usages and its development rule in ancient time.


To date there has been limited research addressing the psychosocial consequences of poor coordination in Australian adolescent boys. The implications of failing to meet the expected physical standards of their peers, teachers and parents, can result in low self-esteem and subsequent withdrawal from participation (Lintunen, 1995). According to Harter' s ( 1981) Theory of Competence Motivation, low motor competence is likely to lead to low self-perceptions in the athletic domain. Research with children (Rose, Larkin & Berger, 1997) has demonstrated that poor coordination is more pervasive, influencing many aspects of children's self-esteem. However limited research has addressed the pervasiveness of poor motor competence on self-perceptions in adolescents. This study tested whether a) perceived competence and global self-worth, b) perceived importance of athletic competence and c) level of physical activity varied with levels of motor coordination in a sample of adolescent boys aged 13-15 years (N = 72). All participants completed Harter's (1988) Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA), the accompanying Importance Rating Scale, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) (Kowalski, Crocker & Kowalski, 1997) and were divided into low(!!= 15), moderate(!!= 43) and well-coordinated(!!= 14) groups based on their scores for the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) (Mccarron, 1982). The results of the one way between group ANOV As showed that the poorly coordinated group had lower perceptions of athletic competence LE (2, 69) = 7.77, ,Q < .01) and romantic appeal LE (2, 69) = 6.55, Q_ < .01) than their more well coordinated peers. The low coordination group also placed less importance on athletic competence LE (2, 69) = 3.86, ,2 < .01] and lower levels of physical activity LE (2,69) = 5.92, Q.. < .01] than their same aged peers. These findings with adolescents support the predictions of Harter' s theory. Considering the importance of athletic competence for the engagement of physical activity (Lintunen, 1995), there are clear implications for addressing the needs of adolescent boys who are disadvantaged by poor coordination.


Two financial crises in 1997 and 2008 had far-reaching impact on the development of the world economy.After the crises,raw materials,fuel,power index,PPI,RPI,CPI price indicators saw sharp decline.And the four indexes conduction mechanism has also undergone a major change.Currently there is great uncertainty about world economy recovery,foreign demand as one of China's economy stimulating "troika" sees a slow growth,domestic small and medium micro enterprises are in difficulty with a growing pressure of inflation.


The practical experience of designing a resonant LLC converter with a low voltage input is presented, using the example of converting battery energy in guaranteed power supply systems. A comparative analysis of LC and LLC converters was carried out. The basic characteristics of the converter are determined, allowing coordinating the range of operating frequency and battery voltage. The conditions for the transfer of the resonant tank to the secondary winding are determined. The principles of calculating the parameters of the resonant tank are shown taking into account the type of rectifier used. The analysis of switching processes in transistors of the converter is carried out. An experimental verification of the results obtained.


Crohn's disease can affect all the gastrointetinal tract, but gastroduodenal involvement is rarely seen. The authors describe a case of pancreaticoduodenectomy for treatment of duodenal Crohn's disease in a 49-years-old female with a history of epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting and a weight loss of approximately eight kilos. Physical examination revealed a bulging in epigastric area. The radiographic and endoscopic features and the different management strategies will be discussed in this article.


Student motivation and engagement have been complex issues in basic mathematics education. Based on the theory of Motivation and Engagement Wheel, this study examined the relationships among student motivation, engagement, and mathematics achievement. A sample of 1,538 Chinese primary school students participated in the survey, and motivation and engagement were assessed through their responses to the Motivation and Engagement Scale. The results largely confirmed the hypothesized relationships between motivation, engagement, and mathematics achievement. Some consistent patterns of individual differences related to gender and grade level were also revealed. Cluster analysis revealed that the category of "struggling students" showed high levels of adaptive engagement in learning, but their mathematics scores were still low, which may be correlated to their high level of maladaptive motivation and engagement. These findings provide implications for developing a more comprehensive knowledge of the nature of students' mathematics learning motivation and improving their engagement in mathematic learning.


This article presents a view and a methodology of planning evaluation. This view integrates elements from three different types of planning evaluation, based on rationality ex ante, performance and conformance. The authors propose the Plan–Process–Results (PPR) methodology for evaluating planning and plan implementation. A number of criteria for comprehensive evaluation are presented. The application of this methodology to a particular case study, the Lisbon Municipal Plan (1994), illustrates how PPR can enable the identification and explanation of the main successes of planning activity.


The song of Lengsir Wengi is a composed song from Sunan Kalijaga and is a song that contains local values and zikir values. This belief became a ritual on certain days of the Javanese calendar. The purpose of this study is to find other meanings from the perspective of local wisdom in the work of Lengsir Wengi songs.  The research method is classified as qualitative research with an interpretive approach using Barthes semiotics. The results showed that spiritual songs are a way of proselytizing from Sunan Kalijaga to the Javanese people who never forget their culture. The ability of this song gave birth to enculturation communication, later generations brought this song as part of a spell (means: jampi) and treatment for sick children and so on. The development of songs or (means: tembang) has its own position as part of folklore which leads to the value of trust and hope in facing life's increasingly difficult challenges and often undergoing changes.


PS-08-01 Dexamethasone-Suppression Test in Stroke Patients-The Relation of DST to CSF Monoamine Metabolites and Poststroke Mood Disorders M. Kawakami, S. Maehara, T. Murashige, H. Kotoh, T. Satoh, S. Tochigi, and T. Itoh. Third Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan. We have performed the dexamethasone-suppression test (DST) in 38 stroke patients to elucidate the relation between the DST and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolite levels and clinical features, in especially poststroke mood disorders. Plasma samples for cortisol values were obtained at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM on the next day of administration of dexamethasone (1 mg). Nonsuppression (NS) was defined if one of the two cortisol values was more than 5 mmg/dl in the postdexamethasone samples. Furthermore, lumbar puncture was performed within 1 week after DST to collect 7 ml CSF, and monoamine metabolites in the CSF were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The following results were obtained. Twelve (31.6%) patients showed NS. No significant difference was observed between suppression (S) and NS groups regarding sex, age, body weight, and duration after onset. From the total of 18 poststrokedepressed patients, only five (27.8%) had abnormal responses to DST. There were no relations between abnormal DST and the severity of depression, the location, and the lesion volume on computed tomography. However, a trend of high NS occurrence rates was found in patients with dementia and poor clinical outcome. CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 3methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol levels showed no significant changes between NS and S groups. On the other hand, CSF homovanillic acid levels showed significantly low values in the NS group compared with the S group. These findings suggest that abnormal DST is in some way related to central dopaminergic dysfunction and possible clinical recovery but not necessarily to mood disorders in stroke patients. PS-08-02 A Comparison Between Habituation Index (HI) of Blink Reflex (BR) and Monoamine Metabolite Concentration in Patients With Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) S. Tochigi, H. Watanabe, M. Kawakami, T. Sato, T. Murashige, and I. Ito. Tokyo Metropolitan College of Allied Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical College, and St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan. 1-74 Supplement I Stroke Vol 21, No 8, August 1990 Quantitative electrophysiological study of the blink reflex (BR) and biochemical measurements of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA), and 3-methoxy4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) were undertaken in 28 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) and compared with those from 34 patients with unilateral hemispheric cerebrovascular accident and normal control subjects. The habituation index (HI) was measured by a modification of the method described by Penders and Delwaide (1971). The results obtained from the three groups were 1.8±0.2,1.9±0.2, 10.8±0.1, (mean±SDHz), respectively. Statistically significant difference was recognized between patients with stroke and normal control subjects. The monoamine metabolites were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A significant decrease of HVA and MHPG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was confirmed in patients with stroke in comparison with the results in normal control subjects, as determined by statistical analysis with Student's f test. The correlation between significantly elevated HI and decreased concentration of HVA with MHPG may play a pathophysiological role in patients with MID and unilateral hemispheric cerebrovascular accident.


In this study, thirty-five students in eight teams were surveyed on their use of different communication technologies during a two-week design exercise. In addition, the three teaching assistants were also surveyed to evaluate the student teams on their design and design process. While no correlation was identified between communication mode usage and team effectiveness, the following issues were discovered: Teams found face-to-face, e-mail, and telephony to be the most useful and in that particular order. Larger teams valued passive communication and used it for more purposes. Members on teams that worked well together reported that time spent on the project was more evenly distributed amongst the teammates. Teaching assistants were able to sense how well the team was working together, but not how the teams perceived their performance. Teams with more Facebook connections used more communication modes for more purposes. Because of the small sample size, none of the above points were proven with statistical rigor. However, they did provide potential opportunities for further research.


Compositions plastics dehydrating at high moisture absorption capacity, containing: A) 50 to 80% by weight of one or more thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers compatible, B) 20 to 50% by weight of one or more dehydrating agents, C) 2 to 8% by weight of one or more elastomers, and D) 1 to 4% by weight of synthetic fibers and / or vegetable and / or animal lengths between 0.5 and 4 mm. - Process for the preparation of these compositions. - Packaging or container whose inner surface is made of plastics of the above compositions .


In order to find out Guangdong team's differences from PLA team, and provide some references for the CBA teams' training and contesting, this article comparatively analyzed the application of technique and tactics, goals' abilities and manners, rate of goals, rebounds, mistakes, assists, faults and goals in the 4th section of Guangdong vs PLA 4 matches during CBA 2006-2007 season's final.


We extend a previous statistical solar flare study of 155 GOES M- and X-class flares observed with AIA/SDO to all seven coronal wavelengths (94, 131, 171, 193, 211, 304, and 335 Å) to test the wavelength dependence of scaling laws and statistical distributions. Except for the 171 and 193 Å wavelengths, which are affected by EUV dimming caused by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we find near-identical size distributions of geometric (lengths L, flare areas A, volumes V, and fractal dimension D2), temporal (flare durations T), and spatio-temporal parameters (diffusion coefficient κ, spreading exponent β, and maximum expansion velocities vmax) in different wavelengths, which are consistent with the universal predictions of the fractal-diffusive avalanche model of a slowly driven, self-organized criticality (FD-SOC) system, i.e., N(L)∝L−3, N(A)∝A−2, N(V)∝V−5/3, N(T)∝T−2, and D2 = 3/2, for a Euclidean dimension d = 3. Empirically, we find also a new strong correlation κ∝L0.94 ± 0.01 and the three-parameter scaling law L∝κ T0.1, which is more consistent with the logistic-growth model than with classical diffusion. The findings suggest long-range correlation lengths in the FD-SOC system that operate in the vicinity of a critical state, which could be used for predictions of individual extreme events. We find also that eruptive flares (with accompanying CMEs) have larger volumes V, longer flare durations T, higher EUV and soft X-ray fluxes, and somewhat larger diffusion coefficients κ than confined flares (without CMEs).


IN THE CLASSIFICATION of Headache1, published as a Special Communication in the Journal of the American Medical Association of March 3, 1962, such mechanical headaches would fall mainly into two of its categories: "Muscle-Contraction Headache" and "Headache due to spread of pain from noxious stimulation of other structures (not ocular, aural, nasal or dental structures ) of the cranium and neck (that is, perosteum, joint, ligaments, muscles or cervical roots )." Under the category of Muscle-Contraction Headache, it is noted that "The ambiguous and unsatisfactory terms 'tension', 'psychogenic' and 'nervous' headache refer largely to this group." Most of the patients who came to me with refractory mechanical headache lacked a clear diagnosis.


Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. Women with epilepsy tend to fear the effect the disease on their babies. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of epilepsy on the maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women. Method: A retrospective analysis of Medical Records of women with epilepsy admitted to the labour ward was done from the year 2015 -2020. Results: A total of 17613 women delivered during the study period of which 41 patients were suffering from epilepsy. A total of six antiepileptic drugs were used of which the commonest one as monotherapy was Levetiracetam (48.8%). It was observed that 29.2% of the patients required polytherapy. Recurrent seizures were observed in 24.3% of the patients. Fourteen percent of the patients had a prior history of abortions. Of the obstetric complications 7.3%of the patients had pre-eclampsia and 36.6% had late preterm. There were no association with antepartum or postpartum haemorrhage. Small for gestational age was observed in 12.19% of the cases. Conclusion: With the shift in the use of second generation AEDS like Levetiracetam for the treatment of pregnant women with epilepsy, the maternal and perinatal outcomes are promising.


Mobile equipment such as organic-EL display, digital still camera and so on re-quire both positive and negative power supply voltage to obtain high quality. Single InductorMultiple-Output (SIMO) DC-DC converter can provide a pair of positive and negative outputvoltages with only one external inductor. This paper describes SIMO DC-DC Converter usingproposed current-mode control (CMC) circuit. The proposed CMC circuit realizes high responsespeed for the change of load current. Spectre simulations with 0.18m CMOS process parameterare performed to verify the validity of the proposed converter. The simulation results indicatethat the proposed converter has higher response time compared with conventional converter.


According to onsite investigation and analysis of the geo-hazards in Youyu County, their main types are identified as landslide,collapse,debris flow and surface collapse.The causes are analyzed in terms of topography,lithology,rainfall and other factors.The research result has shown that the geo-hazards of Youyu County is closely related to rainfall and human engineering activities.The paper suggests that standardized management of the engineering activities and flood season monitor are critical to the geo-hazards counter measures in Youyu County.


 Abstract— Consider a symmetric continuous time α stable process observed with an additive constant error. The objective of this paper is to give a non-parametric estimator of this error by using discrete observations. As the time of process is continuous and the observations are discrete, we encountered the aliasing phenomenon. Our process sample is taken in a way to circumvent the difficulty related to aliasing and we smoothed the periodogram by using Jackson Kernel. The rate of convergence of this estimator is studied when the spectral density is zero at origin. Few long memory processes are taken here as examples. We have applied our estimator to the concrete case of modeling noise of a bird captured under stress.


From the angle of geography,it discusses the relationship between physical culture and geographical condition and studies from the difference of natural geographical condition factors and human geographical condition factors.These condition factors includes climate condition,landscape condition,water area,culture background and tradition,economic development and so on. It divides physical culture region in China by using the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis.According to the principle and index,it divides physical culture region into three regions and eight subregions in national scale.And three regions includes northern physical culture region,southern physical culture region and Tibetan physical culture region.Northern physical culture region is divided into four subregions,southeastern coastal physical culture subregion,and the middle and lower reaches physical culture subregion of the Yangtze River,Yangtze River Delta physical culture subregion and southwestern Yun-Gui Plateau physical culture subregion.There are four subregions in northern physical culture region,surrounding Bohai Region physical culture subregion,northeastern physical culture subregion,central plains physical culture subregion and northeastern physical culture subregion.


Lenalidomide and dexamethasone (RD) is a standard treatment in relapsed/refractory immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis (RRAL). We retrospectively investigated toxicity, efficacy and prognostic markers in 260 patients with RRAL. Patients received a median of two prior treatment lines (68% had been bortezomib‐refractory; 33% had received high‐dose melphalan). The median treatment duration was four cycles. The 3‐month haematological response rate was 31% [very good haematological response (VGHR) in 18%]. The median follow‐up was 56·5 months and the median overall survival (OS) and haematological event‐free survival (haemEFS) were 32 and 9 months. The 2‐year dialysis rate was 15%. VGHR resulted in better OS (62 vs. 26 months, P < 0·001). Cardiac progression predicted worse survival (22 vs. 40 months, P = 0·027), although N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) increase was frequently observed. Multivariable analysis identified these prognostic factors: NT‐proBNP for OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1·71; P < 0·001]; gain 1q21 for haemEFS (HR 1·68, P = 0·014), with a trend for OS (HR 1·47, P = 0·084); difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) and light chain isotype for OS (HR 2·22, P < 0·001; HR 1·62, P = 0·016) and haemEFS (HR 1·88, P < 0·001; HR 1·59, P = 0·008). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR 0·71, P = 0·004) and 24‐h proteinuria (HR 1·10, P = 0·004) were prognostic for renal survival. In conclusion, clonal and organ biomarkers at baseline identify patients with favourable outcome, while VGHR and cardiac progression define prognosis during RD treatment.


In order to fenofibric acid and ISO propyl alcohol as raw material,toluene as water carrying agent,sodium bisulfate as catalyst in synthesis of fenofibrate. The influence of reaction time,molar ratio,catalyst dosage,water carrying agent on the yield of ester of fenofibrate with orthogonal test. And the reproducibility and repeated use of catalyst test. The results showed: the best reaction conditions of the synthesis of fenofibrate was at 0. 1 mol fenofibric acid as the reference, the molar ratio of 3. 5∶1,reaction time was 3 h,the dosage of catalyst was 2. 5 G,the amount of water carrying agent was 20 mL,the catalyst can be used repeatedly,but the use of the number was not more than 3 times right left.


Weighing device comprising a plurality of digital load cells (164), each comprising - a sensor connected to a force introduction device (163), each of which generates a digital measured value corresponding to an applied force at a measurement time, - a data processing device which converts the digital measurement values into shipping units can be sent via a data communication line (20), processed and sends the shipping units to a connected to all load cells central control unit (18) for evaluation of shipping units, the central control unit (18) based on the different weighing cells (164) derived shipping units calculates a digital combination value representing a weighing force acting on the weighing device (16) at a weighing time, wherein the processing of the measured values into shipping units or the evaluation of the shipping units results in a pairing each of a processed measured value with a by means of Ze It comprises determining a specific time value, which represents the associated measuring time, and that the central control unit (18) estimates from a plurality of such pairs assigned to a single weighing cell (164) a time profile of the force introduced into this weighing cell (164) and the combination value by a combination of estimated values generated for different load cells (164), which correspond in the estimated force curves respectively to the weighing time.


The Philippines consists of 7100 islands, many of which still use fossil fuel diesel generators as the main source of electricity. This supply can be complemented by the use of renewable energy sources. This study uses a Philippine offshore island to optimize the capacity configuration of a hybrid energy system (HES). A thorough investigation was performed to understand the operating status of existing diesel generator sets, load power consumption, and collect the statistics of meteorological data and economic data. Using the Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Resources (HOMER) software we simulate and analyze the techno-economics of different power supply systems containing stand-alone diesel systems, photovoltaic (PV)-diesel HES, wind-diesel HES, PV-wind-diesel HES, PV-diesel-storage HES, wind-diesel-storage HES, PV-wind-diesel-storage HES. In addition to the lowest cost of energy (COE), capital cost, fuel saving and occupied area, the study also uses entropy weight and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate the optimal capacity configuration. The proposed method can also be applied to design hybrid renewable energy systems for other off-grid areas.


The recent trend of product diversification in the Indonesian banking industry underscores the importance of non-interest income activities. This study examines the relationship between product diversification and bank risk over the period of 2002-2008. Our analysis shows clear evidence that the effect of product diversification on bank risk depends highly on the bank's asset size. Specifically, the degree of product diversification is negatively associated with bank risk for small-sized banks. Conversely, the degree of product diversification is positively related to bank risk for large-sized banks. This finding suggests that deregulation encouraging banks to become more involved in non-traditional activities may have an adverse effect on the overall banking system where large-sized banks are playing a significant role in Indonesia.


Audiau argues that in England there was a brief flowering of amorous poetry in the style of the Troubadours. The most significant imitators were Chaucer and (especially) Gower. Audiau provides a lengthy catalogue of examples where Gower's CB echoes the sentiments and metaphors of writers like Peire Vidal and Bernard de Ventadour. Audiau acknowledges that Gower may instead have copied the Trouveres and writers such as Petrarch, but he holds out the possibility that Gower knew Troubadour poetry directly. [CvD]


Allusion is made to the enormous problems caused by the accumulation of garbage and plastics on the coasts, rivers and lagoons, to the current state of health of coral ecosystems and its effects by hurricanes, bleaching and effects of erosion and deposition of garbage on They describe the state of concentration of metals and metalloids on the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific, the presence of persistent organic compounds such as pesticides, pcb and their possible effects on marine organisms is described, the system of currents of the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of California in the context of climate change and alternative energies and their advantages over the use of petroleum hydrocarbons as the main source of national energy are described, as well as studies on marine atmosphere, social vulnerability, governance and finally the need to have a methodological proposal for economic valuation in co-systems. Mexican steros. Finally, the need for accessible, up-to-date and reliable information on the marine-coastal environment is emphasized.


Procedural accidents are eventualities that may occur during endodontic treatment because of lack of attention to detail or even unforeseeable situations. Knowledge of the root canal anatomy and its variations is a prerequisite for successful endodontic treatment. This case report describes an endodontic treatment where there was an intercurrence, generating deviation and perforation, which was solved with the aid of guided endodontics. A 37 years old, ASA1, was referred to the clinic for localisation and treatment of a calcified canal of the second right upper premolar. The tomographic images revealed the presence of only one canal and deviation with apical perforation. With the help of CBCT and CAD/CAM, it was possible to perform the guided access technique even after deviation and root perforation. Once again, this technique proved to be safe and predictable, allowing for a favourable prognosis in the long term.


Objective: To compare the amount of extruded debris in primary molars after manual instrumentation or WaveOne system. Material and Methods: Twenty-five primary molar roots with mild and moderate root angulation (between 10 to 20o), having at least two thirds of root length, no pathological reabsorption (internal or external) or furcation perforation, were selected for this study. Roots were standardized at 6 mm in length, inserted and stabilized in individual acrylic resin blocks with random distribution into two groups: G1 (n=12): Instrumentation with crown-down manual technique; and G2 (n=13): instrumentation with WaveOne system. Blocks with roots were weighed before and after instrumentation, allowing the calculation of extruded debris using both mechanical preparations. Data analysis was performed by Bioestat 4.0 statistical software using Mann Whitney test. Results: The mean weight of extruded debris in manual instrumentation and WaveOne system have no significant difference (p=0.8704). Conclusion: Manual crown-down instrumentation or WaveOne system does not influence the amount of extruded debris after mechanical preparation, suggesting that both techniques were effective in canals clean causing similar extrused debris, however more studies with largest sample should be done to better validate this evidence.


This is a report on some work that has been done in France in the last few years concerning the possible existence of antimatter in the universe. It will be shown that, by taking due account of several physical effects that have been theoretically predicted, one can propose a coherent theory for the origin of matter and galaxies that appears to be quantitatively satisfactory. In this model there should exist as many antigalaxies as galaxies. 1 shall try to make it clear what the basic physical processes are and what the present state of their investigation is. This discussion will therefore be restricted to the two aforementioned problems: the origins of matter and of protogalaxies, leaving aside other astrophysical applications.


This article aims at approaching to the concept of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) and their possible links to Social Work. There exist scientific evidences of the multiples benefits derived from the human-animal interactions. Take advantage of these benefits and of the bond created with animals so as to promote the health and well-being of people lead to the AAI. This article addresses definitions, classification and theoretical framework of the AAI through a brief description of their origins, the empirical evidences found, and the international agencies involved into the research of the animal bond and its application to human therapies. The current situation, even with some deficiencies, shows the AAI as a valid field of intervention for different professions related to the attention of people and collectives in vulnerability situation or social exclusion.


Phase sensitive detection (PSD) is a powerful technique to extract low amplitude signals from noisy data. Commercially available lock-in amplifiers that employ this technique are expensive and cost-prohibitive for several applications where accuracy is desired with low cost instrumentation. In this manuscript we present a novel dual switch based phase sensitive detection scheme to distinguish the contrast of a reflecting surface. The circuit is sensitive enough to distinguish various shades of gray colored (darkness) text printed on a sheet of regular printer paper, even in presence of high intensity background light. We report the measurement of concentration of a solution of carbon nanoparticles in water, with potential application as a toxicity sensor or biosensor for various enzymes that could cause degradation of carbon nanoparticles.


BARDHAN [3] AND BADE [2] have considered optimal foreign borrowing as a variant of the Ramsey problem. In these models, savings and foreign borrowing are both ways of expanding the capital stock, and foreign-financed capital is interpreted as meaning foreign-financed physical capital, whether produced domestically or abroad. However, one also associates foreign borrowing with instability of national income, often induced by the high variability of export proceeds. Accordingly, it seems of some interest to construct a model similar to Bardhan's and Bade's, but to introduce export revenue uncertainty explicitly. One issue which the properties of such a model may help resolve is that of the inverse relationship of domestic saving to foreign borrowing observed empirically. Weisskopf, Rahman and Griffin and Enos [4, 8, 11, 12] have all argued that this negative association may reflect optimizing behavior on the part of developing countries, but none of them has provided an optimizing model which yields such a negative relationship. We view saving and net foreign capital inflow as endogenous variables and establish conditions under which they react in opposite directions to external shocks. We also analyze the trajectory over time of optimal foreign borrowing. Another result we derive is that foreign borrowing, given exogenous, random export revenues, is nonincreasing provided that a sufficient condition for positive investment is met. Finally, we examine the effect of changes in export revenue uncertainty on optimal savings and borrowing trajectories, as well as the response of these variables to random fluctuations in exports.


Over the past 5 years, a group of United States Geological Survey (USGS) researchers published a series of articles (Hostettler and Kvenvolden, 2002; Bekins et al., 2005; Hostettler et al., 2007) suggesting a rather unusual progression of petroleum degradation in the subsurface environment under anoxic (predominantly methanogenic) conditions. Based on results of the two field studies, the researchers concluded that for the >C10 petroleum fraction, degradation under methanogenic conditions depletes the longer chain normal alkanes (n-alkanes), nalkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes before the shorter chain homologs. Moreover, Hostettler et al. (2007) stated that "nalkyl[-substituted] compounds are apparently attacked at the end of n-alkane chains, resulting in the formation of progressively lower MW homologs. . . " (p. 152). USGS researchers warned that—if unrecognized—the effect of this process on a degraded petroleum product fingerprint could be erroneously attributed to admixture of a lower boiling petroleum product (Hostettler and Kvenvolden, 2002). Whereas preferential methanogenic degradation of heavier n-alkanes was reported for gasoline range (<C10) hydrocarbons (Siddique et al., 2006, 2007), we were unable to find published results supporting similar progression of biodegradation for heavier (>C10) homologs, or biogenic formation of lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes by breaking down highermolecular-weight n-alkane homologs. Apart from the previously


The Annals of Pharmacotherapy ■ 2003 March, Volume 37 ■ 447 The research report on the economic impact of ramipril by Carroll et al.1 is important in that it addresses the need to assess and report economic analyses of major clinical trials with significant findings. The study specified that savings due to decreased hospitalizations from cardiovascular events outweigh costs associated with ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The study is based on the results of the HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) study, a large international multicenter clinical trial (n = 9297).2 Although economic data were not collected during the 4-year trial, Carroll et al. applied hospitalization costs related to differences in study endpoints between patients assigned to the placebo versus ramipril treatment arms. The results indicate that the use of this drug in this patient population is cost-justified. The purpose of this editorial is to describe precautions in reporting and interpreting economic assessments of clinical trials, particularly those in which economic data were not collected.


The detection of genes for complex diseases through linkage analysis has become feasible now that a dense genetic map is available. However, the best analytic approach to use is unclear when the mode of inheritance is unknown. In prior work, we simulated traits determined by 2, 4, or 6 loci with different degrees of heritability. Approaches which maximized the likelihood under a single-locus model (i.e. the wrong model) performed poorly both in terms of the expected lod score (ELOD) and an upward bias in the estimate of {theta}. MOD scores (lod scores maximized over genetic parameters) have been suggested by Risch (1984) and Clerget-Darpoux (1986) as a way to obviate difficulties due to unspecified ascertainment. The MOD score method is equivalent to maximizing the likelihood of the marker data conditional on all phenotypic data. In cases were segregation analysis under the wrong model would lead to {open_quotes}meaningless{close_quotes} parameter estimates, conditioning on the phenotypic information has intuitive appeal. We have modified the program ILINK of the LINKAGE package to allow maximization of the LOD score. The use of the MOD score gave the best results in the simulated oligogenic data sets. We estimated the three penetrances, and found the heterozygote penetrancemore » to be close to the arithmetic mean of the homozygote penetrances, and reflected the underlying additive oligogenic model. It should be emphasized that without linkage data, there will be no information to estimate these parameters. We have derived analytic results in some special two-locus cases to indicate why the MOD worked in the simulation experiment. One useful feature of the MOD score statistic is that computations are done under the single-locus model, so, unlike the use of the two-trait locus model, the computations are feasible.« less


Objective:  To evaluate the influence of obesity on pharmacokinetics of amiodarone (AMD) using Non‐Linear Mixed Effects Modelling (nonmem) in Japanese patients treated with oral therapy.


The paper investigates momentum strategies on the NASDAQ 100. Winner portfolios tend to outperform loser portfolios by more than 20% per year. We show an asymmetric effect between winner and loser returns. Winners tend to build up their performance over a longer period of time whereas losers tend to lose performance more rapidly. The behavior of five different investors is compared. We show that the investor who behaves according to the Bayes rule, can improve the success of the momentum strategy significantly. Additionally, this investor uses the information in the historical prices most successful.


In the field of High Energy Physics (HEP), simulating the interaction of particle detector materials is a compute-intensive task, that currently uses 50% of the computing resources globally available as part of the Worldwide LCH Computing Grid (WLCG). Since some level of approximation is acceptable, it is possible to implement fast simulation simplified models that have the advantage of being less computationally intensive. In this work, we present a fast simulation approach based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The model consists of a conditional generative network that describes the detector response and a discriminative network; both networks are trained in adversarial manner. The adversarial training process is computationally intensive and the application of a distributed approach is not straightforward. We rely on the MPI-based Cray Machine Learning Plugin to efficiently train the GAN over multiple nodes and GPGPUs. We report preliminary results on the accuracy of the generated samples and on the scaling of the time to solution. We demonstrate how HPC systems could be utilized to optimize this kind of models, on account of their large computational power and highly efficient interconnect.


Wireless communication is particularly susceptible to eavesdropping due to its broadcast nature. Security and privacy issues have become increasingly critical for wireless networks. This paper considers the problem of secret communication in the multiuser downlink eavesdropped by a passive eavesdropper (EVE). The well-known zero-forcing preceding is adopted at the transmitter to produce concurrent data streams to the users, and at the same time an artificial noise (AN) is generated to prevent EVE from intercepting the information. We first derive an analytical closed-form expression for the secrecy sum-rate in the large system limit. We then use it as the objective function to optimize the power allocation (PA) between the information signals and the AN to maximize the secrecy sum-rate. A simple analytical expression of the optimal PA is derived in the high transmit power regime, which proves to be a near-optimal and generic strategy. The large system results are quite accurate for finite-size systems and thus can provide useful insights into system analysis and design. Our analytical and simulation results show that the AN assisted strategy achieves the same multiplexing gain as in the multiuser downlink without eavesdropping. Moreover, more power should be allocated to AN when the system serves fewer users and EVE has more antennas.


The article is devoted to present Polish research on the literary work and philosophical thought of Hryhorii Skovoroda. The scientific reflection on Skovoroda's legacy was initially carried out on the historical and literary level. It was initiated by Adam Honory Kirkor in 1874. In the context of the history of Ukrainian literature, Józef Tretiak, Ivan Franko and Bohdan Lepkyi presented the general characteristics of Skovoroda's work, seeing in it only the original style and compilation character of thoughts. Ivan Mirtchuk started his research on Skovoroda's thoughts from the history of national philosophy, seeing in Skovoroda's philosophy the features charac- teristic of Ukrainian philosophy, differing it fundamentally from Russian philosophy. As part of the research, it was possible to find an extensive article by Jarosław Ulwański, Philosophy of G.S. Skovoroda, published in 1930, in which the author presented arguments for a pantheistic interpretation of the Ukrainian philosopher's thoughts. A breakthrough event was the publication of a monograph by Dmytro Tschižewskij, who formulated a view on the mystical philosophy of Skovoroda similar to the Western European mysticism of the 17th and 18th centuries. The interwar period ends with the work of Czesław Jastrzębiec-Kozłowski, in which the work of Skovoroda was analyzed against the background of Józef Hoene-Wronski's messianic philosophy. After World War II and the 1990s, research on Skovoroda's legacy was conducted primarily by philologists. Ryszard Łużny and Włodzimierz Mokry treated Skovoroda's work as a Christian philosopher. In the 21st century, Polish research increasingly refers to philosophical interpretation. Denys Pilipowicz researched the ancient and patristic sources of Skovoroda's mystical thought and compared it with the teachings of Paisij Velyczkovskyi. Iryna Betko analyzed his poetry from the perspective of Jung's theory of archetypes. Michał Handzel conducted an in-depth historical and philosophical analysis of Skovoroda's philosophy, seeing Skovoroda as a representative of the panentheistic trend, and Pavlo Snopkov examined the concept of Skovoroda's self-knowledge from the perspective of Jung's and Maslow's psychological theories.


Organizational innovation specialists and scholars suggest that the success of incorporation of new systems and technologies into an organization correlates to the degree of acceptance of its affected members. This research was administered in an involuntary environment in which civil workers in charge of social welfare were introduced to a new social security information system, called "Hang-Bok-E-Eum." This study aims to observe the degree of acceptance of these workers and analyze the factors that may affect this level of acceptance. In this study, civil workers from Daegu, Korea in charge of social welfare were selected as the study subjects. The survey research was conducted from March 11, 2013 to March 31, 2013. A total of 600 surveys were distributed, and 305 of them returned, marking a 51% (305/600) return rate. Of the 305 returned surveys, 302 of them were fully completed and statistically significant for the research. Thus, the 3 incomplete surveys were removed and the 302 surveys were used for statistics. The study showed that systemic characteristics have a significant impact on the acceptance level of the workers while the personal and organizational characteristics have no apparent impact. Personal characteristics, such as self-efficacy, job understanding, and personal innovativeness, have no impact on the system acceptance. However, organizational structure and education/training support influenced the degree of acceptance; in fact, education/training support provided by the organization appeared to have the greatest impact among all the factors. Subjective standards have no effect on the user-friendliness or usefulness. Internal communication appears to have no effect on the acceptance of the information system. On the other hand, systemic characteristics, such as accuracy, reliability, and stability, have a significant effect on the acceptance of the system.


Nanofiltration processes for the removal of emerging contaminants such as nitrate are a focus of attention of research works as an efficient technique for providing drinking water for people. Polysulfone (PSF) nanofiltration membranes containing graphene oxide (GO)/Pt (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 wt%) nanoparticles were generated with the phase inversion pathway. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by FTIR, SEM, AFM, and contact angle tests to study the effect of GO/Pt on hydrophilicity and antibacterial characteristics. The results conveyed that insertion of GO/Pt dramatically improved the biofouling resistance of the membranes. Permeation experiments indicated that PSF membrane embracing 0.75 wt% GO/Pt nanoparticles had the highest nitrate flux and rejection ability. The membrane's configuration was simulated using OPEN-MX simulating software indicating membranes maintaining 0.75 wt% of GO/Pt nanoparticles revealed the highest stability, which is well in accordance with experimental outcomes.


The number and types of mouse models of human cancer and the volume and heterogeneity of information related to the characterization of these models is diverse and large. The distributed nature of the information and lack of conformance to terminology standards complicates integrated searches of these data and the identification of relevant mouse models for a particular study or application. The Mouse Tumor Biology database (MTB) (http://tumor.informatics.jax.org) provides online query tools to facilitate cohesive searches and visualization of these varied data, thus enabling the identification of appropriate mouse models of human cancer and potential therapeutic treatments. MTB is an expertly curated resource for information and data about genetically engineered mouse (GEM) strains, inbred strains, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human cancer. Enforcement of standard gene and strain nomenclature and use of controlled vocabularies within MTB enables complete and accurate searching of the published literature for relevant mouse models. Information in MTB is obtained from curation of peer-reviewed scientific publications and from direct data submissions from individual investigators and large-scale programs. MTB has a primary focus on the cancer predisposition of inbred strains of mice and the spectrum of cancers observed in GEM models. Additionally, the breadth of MTB9s data coverage has expanded to encompass PDX models. Recent enhancements to MTB include an interactive mouse model chart that summarizes the number of traditional mouse models and PDXs organized by the top 20 cancer types for human mortality as reported by the American Cancer Society. The traditional mouse models listed are restricted to those in which the frequency of the tumor type is very high (reported colony size greater than or equal to twenty; reported tumor frequency greater than or equal to 80%). For PDX models, all the publicly available models from The Jackson Laboratory PDX repository are listed. MTB currently contains more than 87,000 tumor frequencies, 7,000+ mouse strain cohorts, and over 6,700 images from over 4,300 references. MTB also provides access to detailed clinical, pathologic, expression, and genomics data from over 400 PDX models. Information in MTB is integrated with cancer models data from other bioinformatics resources including PathBase, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and ArrayExpress. MTB is supported by NCI grant CA089713. Citation Format: Debra M. Krupke, Dale A. Begley, Steven B. Neuhauser, Joel E. Richardson, John P. Sundberg, Carol J. Bult. Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB) database–An integrated data resource for GEM, inbred strains, and PDX models of human cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B50.


The purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the research methods in adapted physical activity studies about children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The strengths and weaknesses of various research methods are discussed by (a) three main types of research questions, (b) identification and description of research participants, (c) reliability and validity of assessment instruments, (d) data collection procedures, and (e) quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Strategies to improve research are embedded in each of the five main categories. It is concluded that substantial methodological inconsistencies exist in the current ADHD physical activity literature base. Future research would be strengthened by incorporating recommended suggestions.


The subject matter of this book, that of better understanding the role of technology in modern regional economic development, is not new but increasingly more topical. The unique aspect about this book is its focus on seeking to weave together social culture and high-tech economic development. Where the book seeks to contribute to our thinking about high-tech economic development, it is in using the case studies of Austin (Texas) and Portland (Oregon) to shed practical understanding and provide an applied perspective on successful technology-based economic development (TED) for aspiring regions. A compilation of articles by various authors, the book is divided into three broad parts. Part I covers topics on Austin, Part II covers topics on Portland with Part III looking at the sustainability/persistence of regional technology entrepreneurship development initiatives. It provides a wealth of information, with the author setting out success factors for developing and sustaining a technopolis. In espousing how to create a city based on science and technology, the book's strength is that it does not singularly get diverted into the issue of appropriate geography, be it the city, the citystate or the region. Instead, emphasis is very much on the conditions for establishing and sustaining a technopolis. However, using lessons from Portland, including international best practice gatherings there, it does though come to the conclusion that metropolitan regions ('city-states') are replacing nations, states, counties, and municipalities as the loci of entrepreneurial economic development (p. 69). The implication is the need for new intergovernmental and public-private initiatives as well as new 'diplomatic' protocols for managing relationships between metropolitan regions – a particularly topical issue in the UK at present. Insights are provided into some of the initiatives developed as part of creating the Austin technopolis such as the IC Institute and the role of the Business School at the University of Texas. Austin is said to have pursued an accelerated route, although taking between 15 to 25 years, to evolve as a technopolis. The book realistically and critically highlights the importance


The method for producing dicylate - tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]dec-3-enyl-8(9)-acetate - from acetic acid and tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]deca-3,8-diene has been improved .The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 130-170°C and spontaneous pressure, which enables the use of strong acids as catalysts to be discarded.


Recent dramatic increases in crop yields are due to many factors but one of the most important is the wide use of crop protection chemicals. For maximum efficiency, it is essential to develop spraying equipment that uses the minimum quantity of chemical to produce a given effect. At the same time it is necessary to comply with the increasingly strict legal requirements designed to protect both the environment and agricultural workers.


The analysis of maintenance in industrial field is a very important problem in order to avoid risks and to avoid the stop of the machine. In this paper it is pointed out a procedure that permits to evaluate in advance which kind of fault can happen on a general machine. The infrared thermographic technique and Wavelet Transform working together permit to achieve important results in the predictive failure analysis.


In this paper, it is shown that unmodified sulfur concrete can be a candidate material for repair of deteriorated reinforced concrete structures provided rebars are coated with inhibited cement slurry to prevent sulfur corrosion. An epoxy resin bonding layer is also needed


The present work deals with the species of the tribe Dorcadionini from the Greek regions of Macedonia and Thrace. A description is given for the new subspecies Dorcadion regulare dramaticum (from oriental Macedonia), D. gallipolitanum fumidum (from central Thrace near Egiros) and D. tauricum pittinoi (from oriental Thrace). 5 new synonimies and 1 change of taxonomic status are furthermore proposed; a key and a catalogue of the species from Continental Greece are finally given.


The theoretical research shows that when a noncentrosymmetric metal is close to the magnetic critical point in the phase diagram, its Fermi surface is deformed by the critical spin fluctuations through the antisymmetric component of self-energy.


In the 1850s Robert William Plant collected plants and other natural specimens in what is now KwaZulu-Natal. This one-time Englishman compiled a dictionary for gardeners before emigrating to Natal in 1850. There he worked as the agent for Samuel Stevens, the London dealer in 'curiosities of natural history'. Though Plant collected mainly plants, he also sent consignments of beetles, butterflies, bird skins and shells back to Britain. He published the first scientific paper on Zululand and was requested by the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew to write the first Flora natalensis . It was while collecting for this never-to-be-completed treatise that Plant contracted malaria in Maputaland. He died in St Lucia in 1858 and in doing so became South Africa's martyr to botany. What emerges from this study is a picture of the difficulties faced by plant hunters in mid-19th-century South Africa, the sort of plants they collected and the necessity for them sometimes to diversify into other natural history products to survive.


Abstract Zinc-doped α -Fe 2 O 3 has been prepared by hydrothermal methods. The zinc K-edge EXAFS and interatomic potential calculations indicate that Zn 2+ ions substitute for Fe 3+ ions in the lattice and are accompanied by oxygen vacancies. The 57 Fe Mossbauer spectra recorded between 296 and 18 K demonstrate that the Morin transition in α -Fe 2 O 3 is completely suppressed within this temperature range by the presence of zinc. The 57 Fe Mossbauer spectra recorded in situ at temperatures between 300 and 915 K show the material to undergo conversion to the spinel-related ZnFe 2 O 4 phase in this temperature regime. The results demonstrate that the structural and magnetic properties of zinc-doped α -Fe 2 O 3 and its behavior at elevated temperatures are different from those of magnesium-doped α -Fe 2 O 3 .


This article focuses upon the uneasy relationship between science and environmental education. It argues that science probably offers the strongest justification for the adoption of pro-environmental behaviours and policies, but that the relationship between science and environmentalism is strained by conflicts over fundamental values that are apparent in interpretation of the precautionary principle. An understanding of risk and scientific uncertainty is seen as an essential element of citizenship education for a sustainable society. Curriculum design needs to respond to the challenges of living in a risk society. The article argues for changes to the curriculum which lead to a scientific action competence founded in an understanding of the limits of science and an appreciation of the fact that scientists are moral agents who face ethical dilemmas in their work.


On the verso of the last leaf of a twelfth-century manuscript containing the poetry of Hilarius, a student of Abelard, appears a faux charter purporting to have been issued by Arthur, king of the Britons, in the hundredth year of his immortality. In the act, Arthur thanks the descendants of his British subjects for their fidelity and grants them an exclusive franchise to fish in secret rivulets. The privilege contains two prohibitions: one prohibiting Britons from wearing shoes and the other prohibiting them from owning cats. This article provides a diplomatic edition, English translation and analysis of King Arthur's Charter. It identifies the strange stipulations of the charter as tropes of anti-Breton satire, attested also in the Privilège aux Bretons (c. 1240), an Old French song that mocks the customs and occupations of impoverished Breton immigrants to thirteenth-century France.


Abstract Systematic structures to understand the incidence and prevalence of bleeding disorders in women and girls are in place in some countries and becoming more robust, though there is still room for improvement. More co-ordinated data gathering is providing new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of girls with bleeding disorders and demonstrating clear deficits in care compared with boys that can have important implications around puberty. Recognition and recording of female symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) may lag behind that of symptoms with a greater perception bias, such as joint bleeds, and affect quality of life and wellbeing. Addressing inequity of symptom recognition and recording is needed to drive appropriate and timely treatment interventions. New symptom tools can empower patients to differentiate normal from abnormal bleeding so they can seek and receive help. Greater awareness among health care professionals (HCPs) of women's bleeding disorders and the establishment of referral networks for diagnosis and treatment, with multidisciplinary assessment and follow-up, are still needed.


The article focuses on the history of reissue of "Kniga Marsova" in 1766. Published for the first time in 1713, this book described victories of Peter the Great in the North War and was very important text for the new, Westernized Russian culture. By the middle of the XVIII century the book became a rarity and was reedited in 1766 at the printing house of the Marine military school (Morskoj kadetskij korpus). During the first part of the XVIII century the literary Russian changed greatly; as a consequence, preparing the book to the second edition Gregory A. Poletika, a chief inspector of Marine military school, made some changes in the text of the book. These changes are discussed in detail in the article.


: Objective Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor. The prognosis of pancreatic cancer may be affected by many factors. But there is a lack of research on the multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to explore the factors that multivariate influence the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical record database from The First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2014 to December 2016. Clinical information, such as TNM stage, serum tumor markers, serum albumin and the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), were collected. Ka-plan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate. The survival curve was compared with the Log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed for each prognostic factor using the Cox proportional hazards model. The significance level was 0.05. Results 1. The median overall survival time (OS) of 493 patients was 10 months. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year cumulative survival rates were 41.5%, 20.6%, and 9.9%, respectively. Univariate survival analysis revealed that TNM stage ( P < 0.001), treatment regimen ( P < 0.001), CA125 ( P < 0.001), the level of serum albumin ( P = 0.014), and nutritional status ( P = 0.006) were significantly correlated with prognosis of pancreatic cancer. COX proportional hazards regression model showed that TNM stage ( P = 0.038), Carbonhydrate antigen 125 (CA125) ( P = 0.003) and the level of serum albumin were independent factors affecting the median OS. The prognosis of patients with Ⅳ stage, elevated levels of serum albumin group and elevated levels of CA125 group were poor. 2. Seventy-three patients with pancreatic cancer underwent surgical resection. The median postoperative survival time was 28 months. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year cumulative survival rates were 74.4%, 47.7%, and 21.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that TNM stage ( P = 0.032), pathological type ( P = 0.012), hypoglycemia ( P = 0.040), CA125 ( P < 0.001), were significant ly correlated with prognosis of pancreatic cancer. COX proportional hazards regression model showed that TNM stage ( P = 0.008), pathological type ( P = 0.045) and CA125 ( P = 0.017), were independent prognostic factors after resection of pancreatic cancer. The prognosis of patients with advanced stage, non-ductal adenocarcinoma and elevated levels of CA125 group was poor. Conclusions 1. TNM stage, CA125 and serum albumin are independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. 2. TNM stage, pathological type, and CA125 are independent prognostic factors for the postoperative survival time in patients with pancreatic cancer after resection.


A high power, high efficiency DECT/DCS amplifier is presented that meets the requirements for low Vdd voltage, and high level of integration. Its assembly in a low cost SMD plastic package and its compact size makes it manufacturable for low cost in large volumes. For this purpose, an efficient large gate geometry MESFET scalable model has been developed. The model has been carried out on five different transistor sizes using Philips ER07AD technology and comparisons between MDS simulations and experimental results have showed very good agreement. This design makes use of the high power-added-efficiency of the MESFET device in saturated class-AB, and uses harmonic enhancement for the matching circuits. The design was studied for robustness and the MMIC integrates most of the biasing circuits on chip. The added elements are the input and output matching networks. (6 pages)


The decision making faces a number of inherent uncertainties. The uncertainty of parameters of a model comes from vagueness and ambiguity included in the model structure and information. In this paper we present the decision model from the perspective of possibilistic programming to treat properly uncertainties in the decision making. The proposed concept plays a pivotal role in building fuzzy linear programming model, which is exposed with various types of uncertainties. The treatment of vagueness and ambiguity is given and a modality approach is used to solve the fuzzy linear program. An illustrative example explains the proposed model.


Both major subcategories of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by infiltration of the gut wall by inflammatory effector cells and elevated biomarkers of inflammation in blood and feces. We investigated the phenotypes of circulating lymphocytes in the two types of IBD in treatment‐naive pediatric patients by analysis of blood samples by flow cytometry. Multivariate analysis was used to compare the phenotypes of the blood lymphocytes of children with ulcerative colitis (n = 17) or Crohn's disease (n = 8) and non‐IBD control children with gastrointestinal symptoms, but no signs of gut inflammation (n = 23). The two IBD subcategories could be distinguished based on the results from the flow cytometry panel. Ulcerative colitis was characterized by activated T cells, primarily in the CD8+ population, as judged by increased expression of human leukocyte antigen D‐related (HLA‐DR) and the β1‐integrins [very late antigen (VLA)] and a reduced proportion of naive (CD62L+) T cells, compared with the non‐IBD controls. This T cell activation correlated positively with fecal and blood biomarkers of inflammation. In contrast, the patients with Crohn's disease were characterized by a reduced proportion of B cells of the memory CD27+ phenotype compared to the non‐IBD controls. Both the patients with ulcerative colitis and those with Crohn's disease showed increased percentages of CD23+ B cells, which we demonstrate here as being naive B cells. The results support the notion that the two major forms of IBD may partially have different pathogenic mechanisms.


Aim: To compare 3 different Dexmedetomidine Doses and Their Effect on the Duration of Spinal Anesthesia. Methods: Any gender between 18 and 65 years with American Society of Anesthesia physical state I or II (ASA I or II) with body mass index (BMI) 40 kg/m 2 or below were included in this study. All patients that were included were randomized, using computer generated random number table, to four groups: control group (group C) and three experimental groups (Groups D1.5, D3 and D5). At the site of local anesthesia, a spinal needle 25G was advanced till reaching the intrathecal space and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows through the needle


The invention relates to an implementation method of a GBA-type security association to a terminal, characterized in that it comprises the following steps, performed in a network access server, upon receipt of a attachment request from the terminal to the network: - sending (E2) of a security association request to a priming function server, - receiving (E5) a response comprising security association parameters , from the boot server function, - sending (E5) a message comprising the security association parameters to the terminal.


Objective:To study the clinical benefit of propofol anesthesia with target-controlled influsion technic modulated by cerebral state index in the elderly patients with tumor. Methods:A total of 126 ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ aged65 yrs or older patients underwent gastrectomy and rectal surgery were randomly divided into tow groups(n=63 each):group by target-controlled influsion technic modulated(groupⅠ)and group by target-controlled influsion(groupⅡ). CSI of groupⅠwas 50. Propofol of two groups was administered by TCI at a target blood concertration of 2μg/ml during induction of anesthesia and maintenance of anesthesia,sufentanil of two groups was administered by TCI at a target blood concertration of 1.5μg/ml during induction of anesthesia and of 0.3ng/ml during maintenance of anesthesia. MAP,HR,HRV and CSI of the foundation(T1),intubation(T2),five minutes after intubation(T3),chip(T4),the tumor excision(T5) and the end of surgery(T6) were recorded. And the total of propofol was recorded. Results:MAP at T3,T4 and T5 of groupⅡdecreased obviously compared to that of groupⅠ(P0.05); HRV of groupⅠat T4 and T5 decreased obviously compared to that of groupⅠ(P0.05);The undulation with CSI of groupⅠwas less than that of groupⅡ(P0.05),the total propofol of groupⅡwas less than that of groupⅠ(P0.05).Conclusion:Propofol anesthesia with target-controlled influsion technic modulated by cerebral state index in the elderly patients with tumor was safe and applicable.


The present invention relates to a suction machine evaporator, the evaporator comprises at least one tube and / or the preferably tubular accessory, and the steam tube and / or in contact with the tubular appendage, and a group comprising a porous material which allows the passage exchanger It includes. The invention also relates to the use of fibrous material filling the vaporizer.


During thepastsevenyearsatthis hospital the urines ofallpatients withskeletal tuberculosis have beenexamined atregular intervals witha viewto detecting early renal infection. Ourpractice isto collect thefirst specimens passed onthree successive mornings insterile jars.Thesespecimens are centrifuged insterile tubesandsamples ofthe deposits examined forpus andredcells andfor acid-alcohol-fast bacilli. Thedeposits arestored at -10°C.until three havebeenexamined, thenthey arepooled, thepooltreated byPetroff's method andportions ofthepoolinoculated on tomedia andinto a guinea-pig. Inthecourseofthisworkacid-alcohol bacilli haveappeared on culture mediawhichdo not appeartobeM. tuberculosis or any ofthewellknownsaprophytes. Thesemycobacteria (for we believe themtobeso)were notstudied indetail until theyappeared ina sequenceofurines from eight patients during January andFebruary, 1954. Thisseries allappeared tobelong tothesame species withtheexception oftwo chromogens. InJanuary andFebruary, 1955, theurines of 21patients, andinOctober andNovember, 1955, theurines of16patients, were foundtocontain a similar organism. Theappearanceandthedisappearanceofthesemycobacteria couldnotbe explained byanychange inthemethodofcollection, inprocedure, orinpersonnel. Twopatients whose urine contained themwere out-patients andpassed their urine intothesterile jarssupplied bythe laboratory without attending thewards. A prolonged search hasbeenmadetotrack down thesourceofthese mycobacteria without success. TheLiwenstein mediahavebeenrepeatedly examined forcontamination atsource. Cultures were made ofwashings oftheglassware andofthereagents usedfromthetimepatients passtheir urine tothe timeitisinoculated ontotheL6wenstein me-dia. Thesearch hasbeenfruitless. Pus,synovial fluid, andotherliquid material sentfromthewardsfor bacteriological examination hasnot beencontaminated tothesameextent, thougha similar organism wasresponsible forafalse interpretation ofasensitivity test ofM.tuberculosis. Incidence ofAcid-alcohol-fast Mycobacteria Theincidence hasbeenoftheorder of0.500 of pooled urine deposits, themajority beinginthe three series already mentioned. Theaverage incubation period before growth appeared onLiwenstein's mediumonprimary isolation differed slightly in these three groups: Series Period Cultures


In recent years,elementary and secondary schools in some selected provinces and regions of our country has implemented the teacher work shift policy,which really plays a positive role in promoting the balanced development of compulsory education. However,there are actually quite a lot of problems in the implementation of teacher work shift,such as the limited implementation scope,the inadequate policy protection and the unenthusiastic and poorly motivated teachers or school authorities. So we'd better solve these problems with the help of the government,society,school and teachers as well as the need for their concerted efforts,especially the efforts from the narrowing the gap between school running conditions,improving the related supporting policy,establishing and completing the supervisory mechanism and reinforcing humanistic care for the teachers. By doing that,we can strive to make the realization of the teacher work shift policy more institutionalized,normal and high-quality so as to further the relative balanced development of compulsory education.


Trehalose has been discovered in Nostoc commune Vanch depending on the Thin Layer Chromatography in our study. So there is a rise of the application value of Nostoc commune Vanch and a new resource has also been found to extract trehalose .