In this letter, the optimal placement of a transmitter is investigated under a given arrangement of a relay and a receiver for nonradiative wireless power transfer. Specifically, a closed-form equation is derived for the optimal coupling coefficient between the transmitter and the relay using an equivalent circuit model. Based on this theoretical analysis, it is found that the quality factor of the transmitter has a great effect on determining its optimal placement. In particular, the transmission efficiency can be improved by locating the resonator with a smaller quality factor (e.g., transmitter or receiver) closer to the relay. In order to support the validity of the analysis, the resonators, including the relay, receiver, and three different types of transmitters, are experimentally designed and fabricated. It is shown that our analytical results are well matched with the measured ones in various settings.


With the rapid growth of the Internet, the Internet-based robot has been realized by connecting off-line robot to the Internet. However, because the Internet is often irregular and unreliable, the varying time delay in data transmission is a significant problem for the construction of the Internet-based robot system. Thus, this paper is concerned with the development of an Internet-based robot system, which is insensitive to the Internet time delay. For this purpose, the PPS (Position Prediction Simulator) is suggested and implemented on the system. The PPS consists of two parts : the robot position prediction part and the projective virtual scene part. In the robot position prediction part, the robot position is predicted for more accurate operation of the mobile robot, based on the time at which the user's command reaches the robot system. The projective virtual scene part shows the 3D visual information of a remote site, which is obtained through image processing and position prediction. For the verification of this proposed PPS, the robot was moved to follow the planned path under the various network traffic conditions. The simulation and experimental results showed that the path error of the robot motion could be reduced using the developed PPS.


Developing strategic areas utilizing existing potential will increase regional economic growth, overcome regional disparities, and reduce poverty. This study aims to determine the efficiency of district strategic area development in reducing regional disparities and poverty rates in Dharmasraya Regency for the 2016-2020 period. The results of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) analysis, using the assumption that input changes are directly proportional to changes in output, show mixed results. Efficiency calculations show that investment, infrastructure, and business empowerment significantly reduce poverty and regional disparities in Dharmasraya Regency. This condition shows that developing strategic district areas can reduce regional disparities and poverty rates in Dharmasraya Regency. This research implies that it can assist the government in reducing poverty in Dharmasraya Regency by allocating funds for industrial development, expanding investment, and providing financial assistance for developing community-based creative businesses. If appropriately implemented, poverty in Dharmasraya Regency will be reduced.How to Cite:Guswandi. (2022). Strategic Area Development to Reduce Poverty and Regional Gaps in The District. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(2), 319-338. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i2.25895.JEL Classification: R11, R58, L1


Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.


—An accurate ego-motion estimation solution is vital for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, a method is proposed to preform LiDAR odometry utilizing bird's eye view of LiDAR data combined with deep learning-based feature point. Orthographic projection is applied to generate rasterized image by 3D point cloud. Then R2D2 neural network is employed to extract key points and compute their descriptors. Based on those key points and descrip- tors, a two-step matching and pose estimation method is utilized to keep them being tracked in a long distance with lower mismatch ratio compared with the conventional strategy. In the experiment, evaluation of the proposed algorithm on the KITTI training dataset demonstrates that the proposed LiDAR odometry can provide more accurate trajectories compared with handcrafted feature based SLAM algorithm. In addition, data collected by Velodyne VLP-16 is also evaluated by the proposed solution. Low-drift positioning RMSE of 4.70 m from about 5-km mileage shown in the result indicating that the proposed algorithm has generalization performace on low-resolution LiDAR.


Intuitionistic fuzzy sets defined by Atanassov are of the most influential extension and evolution of fuzzy sets defined by Zadeh,so making the fuzzy clustering expand into an intuitionistic fuzzy clustering is of significant value in application research.This paper presents an intuitionistic fuzzy clustering based on maximum entropy,and deduces an iterative algorithm.At last,the typical experiment indicates that the intuitionistic fuzzy clustering is superior to the fuzzy clustering in performance and the clustering right rate is improved.


In March and April 2012 two extremely high altitude plumes were observed at the Martian terminator reaching 200 250 km or more above the surface [1]. They were located at about 195 West longitude and 45 South latitude (at Terra Cimmeria) and extended ∼ 500 – 1,000 km in both North-South and East-West, and lasted for about 10 days. Both plumes exhibited day-to-day variability, and were seen at the morning terminator but not at the evening limb. Another large plume was captured on Hubble Space Telescope images in May 1997 at 99o West longitude and 3o South latitude, but its altitude cannot be precisely determined. Broad-band photometry was performed of both events in the spectral range 255 nm – 1052 nm. Based on the observed properties, we discuss different possible scenarios for the mechanism responsible for the formation of these plumes. 1. Mars terminator plumes The Martian thin, cold and dusty atmosphere allows condensed clouds to form at ∼ 100 km and surface dust to reach ∼ 50 km altitudes [2, 3]. In 2012 a high altitude Martian plume was imaged for the first time on March 12 using telescopes with apertures 25-40 cm diameter and CCD cameras working in the "lucky imaging" mode [1]. Its emergence and evolution at terminator was tracked by 19 independent observers between 12 and 23 de March at Terra Cimmeria showing great variability (Figures 1 and 2). A second plume was observed between 6 and 16 April showing properties similar to the previous event. These events occurred in early winter in the southern hemisphere at a solar longitude Ls = 85-90o. Figure 1: Mars plume location at terminator on 21 March 2012 (image by D. Parker). The second limb protrusion we report here was observed in a single broad-band image series obtained Wide Field Planetary Camera onboard the Hubble Space Telescope at Ls = 119o (Figure 3). Its horizontal extent was similar to the 2012 events. EPSC Abstracts Vol. 10, EPSC2015-249, 2015 European Planetary Science Congress 2015 c © Author(s) 2015 EPSC European Planetary Science Congress The 2012 March and April plumes were observed at different times rotating from the night side into view, allowing determination of its top altitude located between ∼ 200 and 250 km from the surface, much higher than previously reported clouds [1]. Figure 2: Morphology changes on the Martian plume on 21 March 2012 (from left to right images by W. Jaeschke, D. Parker, J. Phillips). The 1997 event was above 50 km but its top altitude cannot be determined because of the lack of a rotating sequence. Figure 3: A Martian plume observed on 17 May 1997 using HST (left color composite, right ultraviolet filter). 2. Analysis and discussion The measured plumes reflectivity curves for both 1997 and 2012 events have been used to perform a radiative transfer analysis of the solar reflected radiation at terminator by a volume a spherical particles. The model assumes three possible plume composition: icy condensates of CO2 and H2O, and Martian dust. Only for small icy condensates of 0.1 μm in radii and densities 0.01 particles per cm the model fits the observations. Under such scenario and for the 2012 plumes, using the vertical temperature profiles provided by a GCM at Terra Cimmeria and for the epoch of the year [4,5], water icy condensation is favored [1]. In such a case, rapid particle transport by the intense winds predicted by the GCM should be involved. Alternatively, since the Cimmeria region shows a crustal magnetic anomaly, the plume could be the result of an emission aurora phenomenon. However the observed emission intensity would be so high that this explanation is highly unlikely. We finally comment on other possible mechanisms .


The study examines how agricultural land grabbing has affected rural migrant women in Ghana. This has been done through the use of the convergent parallel mixed method of case study design, with emphasis on two land grabbed communities—Kobre in Brong Ahafo region and Agogo in Ashanti region of Ghana. The results showed that the manifestations of land grabbing have led to: (a) Strong experiences of land alienation and thwarted re-connection of rural migrant women to alternative lands; and (b) coerced participation of rural migrant women in low-value economic fields and changes in their geographical positions. These outcomes have affected the livelihood conditions of the migrant women negatively. The study, therefore, recommends the State and other key stakeholders to develop comprehensive guidelines that specifically protect rural migrant women in their access to and use of land and related resources in the phase of land-based investments.


Local economic development policies worldwide perceive business incubation as an effective measure to promote regional growth through the support of young and innovative ventures. The common assumption is that incubation promotes firm growth, in particular after these firms graduated from their incubator organisations. However, knowledge regarding the performance of incubated ventures after they have (successfully) completed their incubation is almost non-existent. This article investigates the long-term development of 324 graduate firms from five German business incubators (incubated between 1990 and 2006). The present study does not suffer from a survivor bias, meaning that performance data of non-surviving firms is also included. Using employment and sales measures as performance indicators, this study contradicts existing results with regard to long-term graduate performance. Findings of this paper do not support the presumption of sustainable and strong firm growth beyond incubation.


This note documents a new approach to plagiarism detection, based on Algorithmic Information Theory. It uses results from the author's Ph.D. Thesis.


Non-destructive evaluation of existing structures is an important part and an active area of research in the civil engineering industry. Whenever a modification to a structure or its use is proposed the process begins with an evaluation of the current situation. Testing on concrete is essential because evaluating its quality is to ensure that it is of sufficient strength and durability to stand for years to come. NDT helps us monitor the health of concrete and it is very much needed to check the concrete structure. Generally, due to aging, weathering effects, overload, chemical attacks, temperature variations, the structure deteriorates and fails to provide hassle-free service throughout its life, with or without little maintenance, hence its life is


Wide-band microstrip antennas are still a challenge and a number of new configurations were reported. Most of these configurations are multilayer patch antennas and some of them achieving up to 40% in bandwidth. Another new geometry was reported previously, a single patch fed by a three-dimensional feed line, which in essence is a very tall patch fed by a wide-band dipole. This antenna is reported to exhibit a 90-100% bandwidth in terms of for VSWR<2:1; towards the high end of the band, however, the radiation from the wide-band dipole is too strong and interferes with the patch pattern resulting in a high cross-polarization level. In the array environment, though, the cross-polarization is reduced by the array factor. The paper analyzes the performance of an eight-element array and its scanning capabilities. To avoid grading lobes the radiating elements have to be very close to each other, so the impact of the mutual coupling is also investigated.


The first complete determination of the 14N nuclear quadrupole tensor in the photoexcited triplet state of an organic molecule was made feasible by an alternative to ODENDOR. Instead of using a simultaneous desaturation method (cw‐ODENDOR), a procedure involving sequential population transfer between specific electron–nuclear spin levels was adopted. This new method is demonstrated for phenazine‐d8 in a Shpolskii matrix and yields ‖e2qQ/h‖= (4.36±0.02) MHz; η=+0.21±0.03.


: The intractable nature of the Israel / Palestinian conflict has assumed greater impetus by Jihadist radicalization in North Africa. By this religious inclination and movement, the high stake issues of land, culture and livelihood have been aggravated, thereby prolonging resolution. This paper traced the history and political implications of the conflict to world peace and international relations. We adopted the intractable conflict theory. We discovered that as long as the parties continue to lay claim on high stake issues of land, culture and religion the end of the will be prolonged. The current violent campaign launched in North Africa is also an extension of the Middle East conflict.


The paper investigates the flow behavior near the NACA 64-618 airfoil profile of the blade tip section of a wind turbine for electric power production after a short icing event. The flow simulation considering the rotation speed of the wind turbine blade is performed to assess the effect of icing on the aerodynamic characteristics. Degradation of aerodynamic characteristics affects the electrical energy production of the wind turbine. The aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients are calculated for different angles of attack. The flow velocity fields near the airfoil are analyzed. The pressure coefficient distributions along the profile surface are obtained. The points of flow stall and changes of aerodynamic characteristics at different angles of attack are determined.


Beyond the acute illness caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, about one-fifth of infections result in long-term persistence of symptoms despite the apparent clearance of infection. Insights into the mechanisms that underlie postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) will be critical for the prevention and clinical management of long-term complications of COVID-19. Several hypotheses have been proposed that may account for the development of PASC, including persistence of virus and dysregulation of immune responses. Among the immunological changes noted in PASC, alterations in humoral immunity have been observed in some patient subsets. To begin to determine whether SARS-CoV-2– or other pathogen-specific humoral immune responses evolve uniquely in PASC, we performed comprehensive antibody profiling against SARS-CoV-2, a panel of endemic pathogens, and a panel of routine vaccine antigens using systems serology in two cohorts of patients with preexisting systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) who either developed or did not develop PASC. A distinct qualitative shift observed in Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding was observed in individuals with PASC. Specifically, individuals with PASC harbored weaker FcγR-binding anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and stronger FcγR-binding antibody responses against the endemic coronavirus OC43. Individuals with PASC developed an OC43 S2-specific antibody response with stronger FcγR binding, linked to cross-reactivity across SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses. These findings identify previous coronavirus imprinting as a potential marker for the development of PASC in individuals with SARDs. Description Common cold coronavirus imprinting is associated with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Editor's summary It is not clear why some individuals develop postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) while others do not. Here, Herman et al. used systems serology to probe antibody features associated with development of PASC in individuals with rheumatic diseases. The authors found that the presence of functional antibodies specific to OC43, an endemic human coronavirus, were enriched in PASC. Although more causal analysis is warranted, these results suggest that immunological imprinting specific to OC43 may be a driver of PASC, particularly in individuals with prior rheumatic disease. —Courtney Malo


The occurrence of this syndrome in a bi-ovum twin casts doubt on some of the theories advanced relative to its cause.


The era of the COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged residents to stay at home and reduce social mobility. Work and study activities are carried out as much as possible at home. One of the phenomena that emerged in this phase was the increase in household waste and medical waste. This article aims to reveal what public issues arise from the increase in household and medical waste during the pandemic. Qualitative research methods have been carried out by collecting data from online mass media, interviews, and observations. The results show that the increase in household waste and medical waste raised new public issues: special processing of medical waste, the safety of waste officers, health insurance for waste officers, and adjustment of volume-based waste fee system (VWF). Agile bureaucracy must respond quickly to this phenomenon so that public problems can be resolved immediately. Bureaucracies have to get out of their comfort zone to deal with complex general problems, move faster and different than usual.


An extensive review of the statistical characterization of 60-GHz indoor radio channels is provided from a large number of published measurement and modeling results. First, the most prominent driver applications for 60 GHz are considered in order to identify those environment types that need to be characterized most urgently. Large-scale fading is addressed yielding path-loss parameter values for a generic 60-GHz indoor channel model as well as for the office environment in particular. In addition, the small-scale channel behavior is reviewed including the modeling of time-of-arrival and angle-of-arrival details and statistical parameters related to delay spread, angular spread and Doppler spread. Finally, some research directions for future channel characterization are given.


Gene-targeting of cultured cells combined with nuclear transfer currently is the most effective procedure to produce transgenic livestock. Nevertheless homologous recombination (HR) is a low frequency event in mammalian cells, above all in somatic cells. Positive-negative selection (PNS) is the enrichment strategy to target genes that are not actively transcribed in the cell type of choice. In this work we chose to target the bovine b-lactoglobulin gene and we tested three new negative selection cassettes in bovine fibroblasts. Such new targeting vectors allow a single selective drug employ and produce less toxic culture conditions.


Glutaraldehyde fixation of bovine pericardium produces a material which is more extensible than the natural tissue. Chemically modified pericardial sacs from 16–20 week old calves provide a region 12 000 mm2 in area which has relatively uniform properties. Tricuspid heterografts constructed from this material have maximal bending stresses at two sites associated with valve failure through mechanical tissue fatigue.


Objective To study the optimum inclusion process conditions for volatile oils from Aucklandia lappa and Lagehead atractylode.Methods Orthogonal design was used.The quality of inclusion compound of volatile oils before and after being included were analyzed by TLC and UV.Results The optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were established as follows: ultilization β-cyclodextrin and volatile oils was 8∶1,stirring for 3 hours at 30℃.Conclusion The optimum preparation conditions were stable and applicable which could be used for mass production.


The recent movement to promote debate across the curriculum presumes that debate-like activities in content-area classes can enhance disciplinary learning as well as core skills. Yet students in such classes may resist debate activities if they believe (1) debate promotes hostility; (2) debate disadvantages demographic groups preferring noncompetitive communication styles; or (3) debate is too unfamiliar. The present study elicited end-of-term written evaluations of debate-like activities in a 70-student class on rhetorical traditions. Students in the class worked in small groups to prepare debates on issues arising from lectures and reading. Teams presented debates during weekly discussion section meetings; those not debating acted as judges and wrote explanations of their decisions. Thematic analysis of the student responses indicated that, while a few students expressed discomfort with the competitiveness of the activities, most were laudatory. Results point to the value of debate-across-the-curriculum for promoting small group communication and for fostering divergent perspectives on course topics.


Line maritime passenger traffic is of great importance for almost all European countries,
irrespective of the regions where they are located. Line passenger traffic used mainly
residents of islands and distant places of individual countries, and in season that traffic
increases due to tourists that in this cheap way traveling to their final destination. Problem of
line passenger traffic creates an increasing incidence and dominance of air traffic, whose
prices are constantly falling from the appearance of low-cost airlines. For this reason, it is
evident decline in traffic of passengers in maritime transport. Add to this the inadequate
equipment and functionality of harbor line passenger traffic, we come to the problem that is
discussed in this paper. The focus of this paper is on the Mediterranean, the most crowded,
most famous and most important intercontinental sea in the world. The name Mediterranean
refers primarily to the Mediterranean Sea, and in a broader aspect and the surrounding area
which it gravitates. For Croatia, which is part of the Mediterranean, this is the most important
maritime passenger teritories.


The invention discloses an extinction stiffening plate used for a printed circuit board. The extinction stiffening plate used for the printed circuit board comprises a black polyimide film, a polyimide composite film and an adhesive layer, wherein the polyimide composite film is arranged between the black polyimide film and the adhesive layer, the polyimide composite film comprises at least one polyimide layer and an adhesion agent layer formed between the black polyimide film and the polyimide composite film, and the sum of the thickness of the black polyimide film and the thickness of the polyimide composite film is 3-9mil. After being attached to the printed circuit board, the extinction stiffening plate has the advantages of being capable of reducing warping height and shielding a circuit. The extinction stiffening plate used for the printed circuit board is especially suitable for consumer electronics with protective circuit patterns.


The alignments of M. bovis Mbov327 and Mbov328, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2837c (PDB code 5CET), M. pneumoniae MPN140 (UniProtKB entry P75144) and MPN549 (UniProtKB entry P75229), Borrelia burgdorferi DhhP (UniProtKB entry O51564), and Mycobacterium smegmatis MSMEG_2630 (PDB code 4LS9) were performed using ESPript 3.0. The secondary structure of Mbov328 is shown above the alignment. Highly conserved residues predicted to be involved in the catalytic process are indicated in blue triangles. Black stars indicate the link between two parts of the DHH-DHHA1 domain. (PPTX)


This paper (A critique to the anti-labor trends in the sciences of information recorded in documents) presents a critique to the anti-labor trends in the sciences of information recorded in documents. It is based on the critical librarianship with a critical epistemology to analyze and criticize the ideologies of bourgeoisie of its various kinds: neo-liberalism, global capitalism, and imperialism in general (e.g. Castells, 1996; Masuda, 1981), and in particular of the bourgeoisie within the sciences of information recorded in documents (e.g. Lau Noriega, 2007a; 2007b; Gorman, 2001; Cronin, 1992; Mann, 1993; Rodriguez Gallardo, 2001; Hernandez Pacheco, 2007; 2000; Uribe Tirado, 2005). It proposes some issues for debate for the followers of labor movements to demand in favor of the rights of the workers of information recorded in documents (e.g. librarians).


The major goal of this study was to determine when people disclose or conceal their self-perceptions from others. A group of fifty executives were studied in relation to the value structure found for these men in a job setting and a social setting.


Insecta is one of wildlife classes with the most species and the largest quantity in the world. Insect is one of the key parts of wildlife food chain,and valuable resource for human beings. Insect survey was conducted at the Headwaters of Dongjiang River,and over 10 000 specimen were collected,1 514 species were indentified,which among to 18 orders and 206 families,including 122 economic species,which has officinal or edible or ornamental values.


This article aims to discuss the construction of large hydroelectric projects in the Brazilian Amazon, based on the depoliticization strategies used for their technical-scientific treatment and the process of contesting knowledge based on the social mobilization contrary to these projects. Hydroelectricity has been seen in recent years as a clean and renewable alternative for energy supply in the face of climate change, justifying its resumption in the Amazon Basin and omitting its social and environmental impacts. Depoliticization strategies aim to mobilize knowledge so that hydroelectric infrastructures are understood from a technical approach, which agrees with the idea of infallible projects of modern engineering that ignores risks associated with their construction and operation. These projects affect social groups unequally, the most impacted are those who are forced to move and have their ways of life altered. Thus, the depoliticization strategies employed for the construction of the Santo Antonio, Jirau and Belo Monte plants are analyzed, as well as the social mobilization contrary to the projects as a means of repoliticizing the issue of large hydroelectric plants, demonstrating the contestation of knowledge in this arena.


The basic structure of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor is described.On the basic of fundamental the dynamic model is realized.The voltage of armature, current,thrust and speed is analysed when it is starting.Also this motor is simulated by MATLAB and tested by the computer which is used to test permanent magnet linear synchronous motor.Finally,the resules of experimentation are analyzed.


The ultrastructure of a symbiotic dinoflagellate Zooxanthella nutricula within the radiolarian Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus collected off the northwestern coast of Okinawa Island, Japan was examined in the symbiotic state and the cultured motile stage. In hospite, Z. nutricula had a coccoid morphology, and the typical dinoflagellate structures, i.e., cingulum, sulcus, and flagella were lost. The coccoid non-motile cells were surrounded by a perialgal envelope of the host radiolarian cytoplasm, and they possessed a dinokaryon with condensed chromosomes and mitochondria with tubular cristae. The chloroplast was located at the periphery of the cell and had one or two pyrenoids. In culture, however, the motile cells exhibited a typical cell shape of peridinioid dinoflagellates. The cell covering consisted of a plasma membrane and amphiesmal vesicles containing the thecal plates whose arrangement was congruent to the order Peridiniales. The chloroplast was enclosed by three membranes and the pyrenoid was the double-stalked type. Pusules constructed by tubules with invaginations were present, but eyespot and trichocysts were lacked. Symbiotic dinoflagellates, such as Zooxanthella, Symbiodinium, and Amphidinium, have historically been referred to using the general term 'zooxanthella(e)' because of their similar appearances as yellow-brown spherical minute cells under light microscopy. However, the motile cells of Z. nutricula exhibited a typical peridinioid morphology and thecal plate arrangement that obviously differed from those of the other Symbiodiniaceae genera and Amphidinium. Considering the ultrastructural features and the currently available sequence database, it was suggested that Z. nutricula is a symbiotic dinoflagellate that lives specifically in holoplanktonic protist radiolarians.


The main idea stipulated in this article is as follows:
 1. Systematic reorganization of elements of offenses is prerequisite condition to...


Traditional models in building physics are based on theories in physics and physiology, typically characterized by a-contextual settings and domain-specific articulations. It is, however, commonly understood and appreciated that physics and physiology, alone, do not entirely explain observed patterns of user behavior in buildings-in-use, and that people do not experience various aspects of a setting in isolation. This study at the Georgia Institute of Technology, using Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) data from 26 courtrooms, developed a set of models that: 1) integrated variables from multiple domains, 2) developed a smaller set of aggregated functional dimensions intuitive to building stake-holders, 3) were context specific, 4) captured instrumental as well as abstract functions, and 5) articulated the relative influence of variables on the aggregated outcome measures. POEs started as a methodology to provide user input in building design and has expanded to a practice that incorporates user feedback along with technical and financial performance. Starting with one-off studies during the late 1960s, POEs have expanded considerably in terms of building types, tools, methods, and scope. The POE data in this study included physical, environmental, as well as user attribute data. Physical and environmental data were collected using scientific instruments widely accepted in the building evaluation community. User evaluations of the courtrooms on multiple dimensions were collected using 7-point ordinal scale measures. Environmental and user attribute data were regressed on aggregated performance dimensions (resulting from Principal Component Analyses) to arrive at the integrated models, presented in this paper. The authors argue that the modeling approach supplements the traditional paradigm in two ways: 1) by validating traditional building physics models, and 2) by enabling validation from the clients' perspective, focused on higher-level functional requirements.


Purpose: To compare LA indices and cardiac indices among hypertensive with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Methodology: It is an echocardiographic based descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 200 hypertensive patients were recruited from the cardiology clinics using systematic sampling method.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 58.7 ±13.96 (58.42±13.29 for Hypertensives) years while the median age was 59years.The female to male ratio was 1:6. Majority of the cases had isolated diastolic dysfunction n=149 (74.5%), thirty-six (18%) had normal diastolic and systolic functions while 7.5% had combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction (n=15). Left atrial maximum volume correlated significantly with E/E Prime (P= 0.003) and E/A Ratio (P= 0.003). While Left atrial pre-A wave volume (P=0.025), Left atrial diameter did not correlate with IVRT, E/E', E/A ratio.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Among the hypertensive patients E/E' significantly correlated positively with all phasic LA volumes compared to E/A ratio. LV mass independently predicted all LA phasic volumes.


One of the widely used classification algorithms is k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN). Its popularity is mainly due to its simplicity, effectiveness, ease of implementation and ability to add new data in the training set at any time. However, one of its main drawbacks is the fact that its performance is highly dependent on the proper selection of parameter k, i.e. the number of nearest neighbours that the algorithm examines. The most frequently used technique for the "best" k determination is the cross validation as there is no general rule for choosing the k value due to its dependency on the training dataset. However, selecting a fixed k value throughout the dataset does not take into account its special features, like data distribution, class separation, imbalanced classes, sparse and dense neighborhoods and noisy subspaces. A lot of research has been done to date in the specific field, leading to many k-NN variations. In the present research, a thorough literature review is conducted in order to summarize all the achievements made to date in this field. Specifically, a pool of twenty eight (28) approaches with their experimental results are presented, all concerning methods and techniques for dynamic "best" k selection.


The complex effects of the global financial crisis (GFC) have affected countries differently. The concept of stimulus packages to enable economies to withstand its full effects was widespread, as were decisions by several countries to invest in higher education as a means of stimulating the economy while placing workforce development and research on a firmer footing. While the GFC increased awareness of the need to invest in the knowledge economy, governments adopted approaches reflecting their different fundamental priorities. Arguably Ireland was left with little leeway, whereas Australia's far better economic position might have provided an opportunity to invest in higher education through its stimulus packages. This paper examines the policy choices that Australian and Irish governments made both before, and in response to, the GFC to assess how these decisions have prepared higher education for the future.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic relapsing‐remitting autoimmune disease with multiple autoantibodies causing damage to different target organs. Central nervous system is commonly in‐ volved, with a myriad of clinical and radiologic features always com‐ plicating the diagnosis. In this study, we report an atypical case of SLE with brain involvement showing a variety of unique and novel neuroimaging findings. A 53‐year‐old woman presented with slurred speech, deep voice, and gait instability for over 1 year. She had a 13‐year history of SLE and had been treated with corticosteroid. Neurological examination revealed a female with the moon face, dysarthria, bradykinesia, ri‐ gidity, hyperreflexia of the upper extremities, and abnormal tandem gait. Routine laboratory examinations including parathyroid hor‐ mone and serum calcium were normal except for immunologic tests, which showed antinuclear antibodies titer 1:80 (++), anti‐ double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies 563.8 IU/mL (reference range < 100 IU/mL), antiribonucleic protein antibodies (++), anti‐Sjögren's‐syndrome‐related antigen A antibodies (+++), and anti‐Ro52 antibodies (+++). Cerebrospinal fluid assay revealed no abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, ultrasounds of the lymph nodes, and abdomen were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed patchy lesions in centrum se‐ miovale and periventricular regions, with prolonged signals on T1 and T2‐weighted images and normal signals on diffusion‐weighted images, suggesting leukoencephalopathy; additional lesions bilater‐ ally in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellar dentate nucleus showed shortened signals on T1 and T2 images, as well as low sig‐ nals on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), with medullary veins slightly dilated (Figure 1). Brain magnetic resonance angiography was normal. Head CT demonstrated multiple patchy and punctate lesions in the bilateral lenticular nucleus and cerebellar dentate nucleus, as well as radiating lesions along the periventricular area (Figure 2). Those lesions have a symmetric distribution with a CT unit of around 300 HU, which were consistent with calcification. Targeted next‐generation sequencing was unrevealing, ruling out hereditary leukoencephalopathy, and intracranial calcification‐re‐ lated hereditary diseases. A final diagnosis of central nervous system lupus (CNSL) was made. After consulting with the rheumatologist, the dosage of


Naturally suited array geometry for 360° coverage is the uniform circular array (UCA). A comparison of two types of uniform circular array configurations is presented in this paper. Due to its symmetrical geometry UCA is always targeted which results in minimal change inside lobe levels and beam width when scanned by a phased array antenna. Particle Swarm Optimization and Cuckoo algorithm are used for the calculation of complex weights of the array elements. Comparisons are drawn in the context of adaptive beam forming capabilities. Obtained results suggest that planar uniform circular array (9:10) using Cuckoo algorithm, has better beam forming properties with also reduced side lobe levels when compared to other geometry.


Upon addition of hydroxyethyl cellulose, a supramolecular hydrogel from a bolaamphiphilic molecule showed significant flocculation. Microscopic and spectroscopic observations revealed that the phen...


Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide containing carbonate anion (CO32- ) has been successfully synthesized by a process of homogeneous precipitation involving urea hydrolysis under hydrothermal conditions. Factors that influence the composition and the crystallinity degree of NiFe-LDH, such as the molar fraction of urea/NO3- in solution, the total metal ion concentration in solution and the aging time, have been investigated in detail. Structure and morphology of the sample were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate NiFe-LDH with high purity present well-crystalline, uniform crystallite size


The "PROJECT FEASIBILITY FOR CREATING A producer and marketer BREAD TRADITIONAL MUD OVEN FOR Celica City, Loja province", aims to carry out a feasibility study to implement a producer of bread in the canton Celica which it consists of four studies such as: market research, technical study, study organizational and financial study.
To make the project a methodology based on the methods used: deductive and inductive, also techniques such as surveys of households and other producers of bread, the same that allowed the proper conduct of the investigation, they also helped to reach the culmination of this work and that to do so he had to follow the steps of implementation, understanding and demonstration of it.
In the market study in the Canton Celica, with a sample of 362 families to demand and 6 bakeries to supply have been analyzed and have applied its conclusions and then make the market analysis, determining the potential demand of 2,871 families, Real Demand 2,038 families, 1,631 families Effective Demand, which have an average purchase per year 2,008 loaves of bread this determines 3,273,686. The Offer is 1.36875 million loaves and loaves unmet demand of 1,904,936, which allowed us to determine that the project can and should be run by the results of the analysis of demand, supply and product marketing levels.
The Technical Study emphasizes the location and size of the plant as is their capacity installed and used; The installed capacity of the project determines that
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the company will be able to provide 374.400 loaves a year whose capacity utilization is 312,000 loaves a year, of which 83.33% of capacity utilization for the first year will be used corresponding to 312,000 loaves a year, plus the location of the same which will be located in Canton Celica in the streets December 12 and Garcia Moreno is determined. The process of product quality raw material is determined, which will guarantee for a quality product and moderate prices.
Also project engineering was developed by determining the process diagrams, the characteristics of operation and management, technical requirements such as equipment, facilities, furniture and fixtures. Organizational Study on the legal organization that the company will be determined; as well as the structural and functional organization charts; as well as manual functions where the activities to be performed by employees at each position are listed.
The financial study establishes the amount of the investment is $ 8.347,94 US dollars, the same which is made by internal capital contributed by the owner, and the external capital raised through a loan of $ 3.000.00 US dollars to the National Bank Development with an interest of 15%. As the cost structure is also set, the state of income, classification of costs and break even.
In conducting the Financial Assessment Project, a Net Present Value (NPV) of $ 4.104,92 US dollars was obtained; Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 26,83%;
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The benefit-cost ratio is 0.19 cents; Recovery Period Capitalize given in 3 years, 3 months and 18 days. Finally with regard to sensitivity analysis the study determined that the project resists an increase of 14, 89% in costs and a decrease of 12, 52% in revenue.
Finally it is concluded that the project is feasible as demonstrated mathematically therefore recommend its implementation.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between antecedents of e-relationship
quality, e-satisfaction, a-trust and e-loyalty in the context of Online Travel Agency (OTA) website
services. The study also examines the mediating effect of e-satisfaction and e-trust on the
relationship between antecedents of e-relationship quality and e-loyalty, as well as the mediating
effect of e-satisfaction and e-trust. In this study, the antecedents of e-relationship quality are
consists of communicational function, transactional function and relational function. Data from
191 respondents were used by analyzed with SPSS version 22. Multiple regressions analysis has
been done and the result showed all of dimensions in antecedents of e-relationship quality have
relationship with e-satisfaction, a-trust and e-loyalty. Furthermore, e-satisfaction and a-trust has
significant with e-loyalty. The hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that e-satisfaction
and a-trust mediated the relationships between antecedents of e-relationship quality consists of
communicational function, transactional function and relational function and e-loyalty. E-satisfaction
and a-trust also partially mediates the relationship between communicational
function, transactional function and relational function and e-loyalty. Thus, as marketers and
Online Travel Agency (OTA), they need to take suitable marketing plan in order to achieve e-satisfaction
and a-trust and loyalty. Limitation of the study and future research recommendation
also been done.


Introduction: Anxiety is an emotional state that under normal conditions that all people may experience. How¬ever, when these disorders are common, becoming a disturbance, the individual manifesting symptoms of anxi¬ety for a long time. Among the therapeutic techniques that are the complementary and integrative therapies, auriculotherapy can be considered the most used, is indicated and internationally recognized for the treatment of various pathological signs and symptoms. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of auriculotherapy in anxiety disorders. Material and Methods: It was developed an experimental study, presented as case report, through the auriculocybernetics technique that´s based on the French mapping. Patients were constituted in students (n = 4) of the Lutheran University Center of Ji-Parana, in Rondonia state (Brazil). They were followed by for four months. As inclusion criteria, as well as anxiety self-declaration, we assessed the level of this state by the Hamilton inven¬tory. The data were interpreted by simple percentage descriptive statistics and averages evaluated in pairs by the T-test student. Results: When compared to previous periods to treatment and after, was recorded that there was a significant difference (p <0.05) reflected the anxiety improves as the main complaint, but also in reducing sec¬ondary complaints. Final thoughts: auriculotherapy was an effective intervention in reducing the symptoms of anxiety, suggesting the discussion of accessibility due to its representation as integrative therapeutic tool low cost.


Dividing sonar images into regions that have similar seabeds is often done by expert interpretation. Automated classification systems are becoming more widely used. This paper describes techniques, based on image amplitudes and texture, that lead to useful and practical automated segmentation of multibeam images. Seabed (or riverbed or lakebed) type affects amplitudes and texture, but so do system operating details, water conditions, and survey geometry. Effects of the last three must be compensated to isolate the effects of seabed type. Images from multibeam surveys are accompanied by bathymetric data from which grazing angles of all sonar footprints can be calculated. By compiling tables of amplitude against range and grazing angle, systematic changes in amplitude with these two variables can be removed consistently. If sound absorption varies, though, this empirical method compensates with some average absorption and local effects get lost. This paper explores using independent absorption data for calculated range compensation, and shows that the accuracy of maps of acoustic classes is thereby improved.


This paper reports a theoretical thermodynamic study in order to relate the geochemical alterations involving lateritic profiles, enriched in aluminium- and aluminium-calcium hidroxy-pbosphates - Pirocaua (MA) and Jandia (PA) - as well as, iron phosphate and ironcalcium hydroxy-phosphate - Jandia (PA). Theoretical calculations and the use of thermodynamic data (standard free energies and solubility products) reveal some important conclusions about chemical equilibria, mineral formation, solubility and stability relations.


Recent literature reports evidence on investor behavior that is inconsistent with traditional finance theory. One currently being debated is behavioral irrationality, the tendency of investors to hold losing investments too long and sell winning investments too soon, a phenomenon known as the disposition effect. We analyze the trading records of all individual investors in the Finnish stock market and document that capital losses reduce the selling propensity of investors. There is, however, no opposite effect identifiable with respect to capital gains. We also find, somewhat surprisingly, that both positive and negative historical returns significantly reinforce the negative association between the selling propensity of investors and capital losses. While these findings offer no direct support for the disposition effect, they do suggest that investors are loss averse.


We propose a method for estimating the locations of thunderstorm discharges based on optimal sequential processing of multiple measurements of the coordinates of the same storm discharge.


The paper gives a review of the immigration of Croats to Cleveland from 1880 and their numerical status according to various sources. Original data from the records of the Croatian Roman Catholic parish and the church of St. Paul in Cleveland were used in order to calculate the rates of nuptiality, natality and mortality, and to compare these with indicators for Croatia and Slovenia. The origin of marriage partners, parents of children, and the deceased, is presented according to the administrative-territorial divisions of the Croatian lands before the First World War. Data on the place of origin and nationality of marriage partners among the first and second generation Croats and Slovenes is compared. Data on the education of second generation Croats in elementary and secondary schools and in colleges is also given.


In order to investigate the appropriate oxidizing conditions of chromite with rnolten salts, several chromites were treated with NaOH-NaNOs molten salts under various, conditions of temperature (300N700eC), time and atmosphere.It was found that the Cr203 component in the chromite was oxidized to chromate by the reaction (1) below ca. 400C, and by the reaction (2) above 4000C.Cr203 + 4 NaOH + 3 NaNO3 = 2 Na2CrO + 3 NaNO2 + 2 H20 (1)5Cr20s + 14 NaOH +6NaNO3 =10 Na2CrO4 +3N2 +7H20 (2)The appropriate conditions are shown below: ratio of sodium equivalent to Cr20s was about4.0, oxidant equivalent ratio, 1.ONI.3, reaction temperature, 450.v6000C, and reaction time, IN3 hrs. ln these conditions, a high degree of oxidation, more than 90%, was observed. There was no remarkable difference in reactivity among several chromites, and the change of atmosphere did not affect the degree of oxidation.


Psychological and pharmacological treatments for generalized anxiety disorder are reviewed, together with recent concepts of worry and their implications for treatment. It is argued that a cognitive behavioural approach currently has greatest support in terms of efficacy; with specific treatment effects associated with cognitive therapy and applied relaxation. While pharmacological treatments provide short- term anxiolytic relief, their longer-term effects are less well known, and their role as adjunctive treatments to the psychological therapies unclear. Treatment studies indicate that a significant proportion of individuals do not achieve clinically significant change, hence room remains for further improvement in treatment approaches. Further research into the mechanism of worry may help treatment to better target the worry that is central to this disorder.


Erosion prediction tools are essential for many different aspects of land management. In this paper we examine the applicability of scaling relationships developed for river networks for the description of hillslope erosion channel networks. Eight erosion channel networks were studied on mine spoil sites in Kemmerer, Wyoming. We analysed these networks using well‐known geomorphological relationships such as Horton's laws and Melton's law. An analysis of the erosion channel hydraulic geometry described by a series of power functions was also conducted. We found that the network geometry resembles larger river networks, and that the cross‐sectional shapes of individual erosion channels exhibit statistical characteristics of their larger river counterparts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility HLA–DRB1 haplotypes based on amino acid positions 11/13, 71, and 74 predict radiographic damage. The mechanism of action is unknown, but it may be mediated by inflammation. We undertook this study to systematically investigate the effect of these amino acids on nonradiographic measures of disease activity/outcomes.


The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of vertical structured InGaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes were obtained at different space angles. It was found that the multiple EL peak pattern was caused by the interference phenomenon and the distance between the peaks could indicate the thickness uniformity of the p-type layer. The intensity difference between the wave crest and the wave trough of the peak pattern indicates the reflectance ratio of p-type ohmic contact layer. The integral EL intensity in the normal direction of the chip was not so strong, while in the directions of 80° and 75° the intensities were the largest and the interference phenomenon was the sharpest. The intensity of the EL and the interference phenomenon of the side face of the chip was the weakest.


The invention provides a zinc alloy for hot dipping. The zinc alloy contains the following components by taking the total mass of the zinc alloy as the standard: 0.001-0.2 wt% of Al, 0.001-0.02 wt% of Ti, 0.002-0.1 wt% of Ni, 0.001-0.1 wt% of Mn and residual amount of Zn. The zinc alloy for hot dipping disclosed by the invention is suitable for a hot dipping process of a steel material with various components; and an alloy coating formed by hot dipping has the advantages of uniform thickness, no color difference, no Sandelin effects, no residual zinc list edge, and higher coating quality.


Considering the specificities of theatre translation and its relationship with staging and performance, this chapter deals with the Portuguese publishing market and the editing of Iberian plays in Portuguese translation since the beginning of the twenty-first century. There is special focus on the book series 'Livrinhos de Teatro', published in Lisbon by theatre company Artistas Unidos and publishing house Cotovia. It is noted that, from an Iberian point of view, 'Livrinhos de Teatro' has been offering translated work from both Spanish and Catalan contemporary playwrights. The series has always counted on institutional support to promote both direct translations and editions of all the plays. Finally, the chapter examines the translation options proposed for the Portuguese title of the play Últimas Palabras de Copito de Nieve by Spanish playwright Juan Mayorga, and argues in favour of the new Iberian 'contact zone' that is being built in twenty-first-century theatre translation.


The aim of this paper is to understand why firms engage with their suppliers to collaborate for sustainability. To this purpose, we use the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) Supply Chain dataset and apply the Structural Topic Model to 1) identify the topics discussed in an open-ended question related to climate-related supplier engagement and 2) estimate the differences in the discussion of such topics between CDP members and non-members, respectively focal firms and first-tier suppliers. The analysis highlights that the two most prevalent reasons firms engage with their suppliers relate to several aspects of the management of the supply chain, and the services and goods mobility efficiency. It is further noted how first-tier suppliers do not dispose of established capabilities and, therefore, are still in the course of improving their processes. On the contrary, focal firms have more structured capabilities so to manage supplier engagement for information collection. This study demonstrates how big data and machine learning methods can be applied to analyse unstructured textual data from traditional surveys.


In view of the fact that the safety management technology prevention and control capabilities are weak in the safety management technology such as long operating life, high pipeline operating pressure, large control area, difficulty in detecting abnormal phenomena, slow valve opening and closing speed, and difficulty in quickly handling emergencies in oilfields, the HSE control system of water injection pipelines in high consequence areas is developed and designed with the help of technical means such as Internet of Things and edge gateway computing, which realizes real-time monitoring of water injection pipeline pressure in high consequence areas, remote control of shut-off valves, timely elimination of hidden dangers, and timely control of dangerous situations. Purpose of expeditious disposal. This research project was tested in the field of a branch of a water injection line in a typical high-consequence area. The verification results show that the system has the functions of real-time monitoring of water injection pressure and remote control of shut-off valve, which is of great significance for improving the HSE technical defense system of oilfield and improving the ability of oilfield to deal with emergencies.


The immigration of ECOWAS citizens into Nigeria gathered momentum after the protocol on the free movement of goods, capital and people was ratified in 1980. This period coincided with the era of oil-boom in the country. However, the influx was disrupted by the expulsion orders of January 1983 and April 1985. It is suggested here that even though the protocol is a laudable objective, the spatial mobility needs to be well monitored and the sovereignty of the state clearly delineated.


The printing press was the great innovation in early modern information technology, but economists have found no macroeconomic evidence of its impact. This article exploits city-level data. Between 1500 and 1600, European cities where printing presses were established in the 1400s grew 60% faster than otherwise similar cities. Cities that adopted printing in the 1400s had no prior advantage, and the association between adoption and subsequent growth was not due to printers choosing auspicious locations. These findings are supported by regressions that exploit distance from Mainz, Germany--the birthplace of printing--as an instrument for adoption. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.


The review and analysis of the book 'Life on the road' by Athol Gill is discussed. The unique aspects and features of the book highlighting the Australian roots of radical discipleship are highlighted. Review(s) of: Life on the Road, by Athol Gill,UNOH Publishing, Dandenong, Victoria, 2009, softcover, 260 pages, ISBN: 9780977507085, RRP A$19.95.


Investment in research and development (R&D) creates preconditions for the implementation of more advanced and better technologies. It enables the introduction of new products or production processes which can result in higher earnings and potential economic growth. Even though research and development is a catalyst for the genesis of aggregate economic activity, its importance is not widely researched at regional levels. The European Union has defined strategies which view innovation as an essential element in stimulating growth and job creation. The aim of this paper is to establish and measure the impact of investment in R&D on economic growth of port regions. The data used in this research were panel data of the European Union's port regions for NUTS 2 classification for the period from 2005 to 2015. The results of the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) indicate that investment in R&D has a significant impact on the economic growth of the port regions in European Union. However, in order for innovations to be accepted and implemented, it is also necessary for regions to have specific economic structure which was further analyzed in this paper. Regions with high innovation capacity create greater economic benefits and are considered to grow faster than other regions.


Tangentially fired furnaces are vortex‐combustion units and are intended for use as low NO formation furnaces. NO characteristics inside these furnaces depend on many parameters. The present study investigates numerically the problem of pollution in a real furnace of a 1699 MW tangentially fired boiler having 32 burners. NO formation contour maps in a tangentially fired furnace are presented. The study covered different combustion air temperature values, different fuel–air ratios and different cases of tripped burners. Available experimental measurements were used for validating the calculation procedure. The details of the temperature and NO fields were obtained from the solution of the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy and transport equations for scalar variables in addition to the equations of the turbulence model. The equations governing the NO formation were solved to calculate the NO distribution. The simulation provided more insight on the correlation between the total NO concentration and the maximum furnace temperature and furnace average temperature. The results have shown that the furnace average temperature and NO concentration decrease as the excess air factor increases for a given air mass flow rate. As the combustion air temperature increases, furnace temperature increases and the thermal NO concentration increases sharply. The results show that the temperature distributions are significantly distorted by tripping any of the burners. The results show that tripping one or two burners either adjacent or opposite or tripping four results in regions of high temperature gases close to the walls. Heat absorptions in super‐heater and economizer are greatly influenced by combustion air temperature and excess air factor and are slightly influenced by burner tripping. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Lung tumor is one of the most serious cancers in the world. Longevity from lung cancer is directly related to its rise at its exposure. The earlier the exposure is, the higher the chances of successful treatment. Lung image has been used for detecting lung cancer for a long time. The initial exposure and analysis of cancerous nodules in chest X-ray image are among the most required scientific tasks performed by radiologists. In this paper, processing the X-ray images using various image processing algorithms like Gray scale algorithm, Thresholding algorithms, Histogram Operation and various other techniques. Input X-ray image filtered two times first we use spherical kernel for noduleenhanced image, and second median filter is used to obtain a tumor suppressed image. Blob detection then obtained by subtraction of the two filtered images. The previous work on computer aided identification of tumor images in chest radiograph depends mainly on edge identification & enhancement. Previous work was not able to identify small tumors of size 1cm or less in diameter. I am going to present a tool that will take the X-ray images of lungs as an input and will give the details of the physical appearance of the lung cancer nodule as the output. This output detail will include any irregularity or abnormality if found. This will help a medical practitioner for better diagnosis. This tool will also help to reduce the time and burden in the routine medical checkups in industries.


The use of capital controls in mainland China has meant that shares in listed PRC state enterprises - traded in either Shenzhen or Shanghai - have been broadly separated into 'A' and 'B' share categories. 'A' shares are traded in Chinese RenMinBi and are restricted to trades between indigenous investor concerns, whilst 'B' shares trade in US$ in Shanghai and HK$ in Shenzhen and have, until recently, been the legal preserve of investors emanating from outside the PRC mainland. Reforms, instituted with effect from 28 February 2001, have altered this picture, however, with certain parties from the PRC mainland now able to participate in the 'B' markets. The opening of the 'B' market has resulted in a rapid increase in 'B' prices. The effects are analysed in this paper for 40 companies with concurrent 'A' and 'B' share listings in Shanghai. Prior to the reforms, the 'A' shares traded at prices that were, on average, over four times the level on corresponding 'B' shares. By the middle of June 2001, this multiple had been squeezed substantially. This short paper examines the relative changes to the 'A'/'B' share price differential and finds that 'B' price movement are related to the absolute price levels in 'A' and 'B' share prices prior to the reforms. The results are consistent with a retail market in which a 'trading range' obtains for prices in the two market sectors.


This study explores the life style factors of Bottom of Pyramid (BOP) People in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka in order to uplift their livelihood and to empower their vocations using a Ubiquitous Learning Framework (ULF). A cross sectional study was carried out in Yaya 02 village in Mihintale divisional secretariat's area of Anuradhapura district. The primary data was collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. The study facilitated to identify the life style factors related to their vocations, educational and psychological background, nature of vocations and technology usage. According to the findings the mobile phone usage among the selected population was considerably high. Learning requirements of individuals and preferred learning mood was differed from person to person. These factors are main parameters to be looked at in designing ULF. This study will provide an insight into the research that will form the path for ULF.


Exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) are very crucial to realize the obscurity of many physical phenomena in mathematical science. The modified simple equation (MSE) method is especially effective and highly proficient mathematical instrument to obtaining exact traveling wave solutions to NLEEs arising in science, engineering and mathematical physics. Though the modified simple equation method effectively provides exact traveling wave solutions to nonlinear evolution equations for balance number less or equal 2 but the method did not applied to solve if the balance number is greater than 2. In this article, the MSE method is executed to construct exact traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations namely Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation with balance number equal to 3. The obtained solutions are expressed in terms of exponential and trigonometric functions including solitary and periodic solutions. Moreover the procedure of this method reduces huge volume of calculations.


Prevalence of Group A  beta-hemolyticus Streptococcus  in the upper respiratory tract in healthy children is 10-35%, and at most high, in children aged 3-15 years Career  Streptococcus beta-hemolyticus  Group A can cause throat infections. The use of traditional medicine in the world is part of the history of human culture for thousands of years. One of the natural ingredients that can be used as traditional medicine is pineapple. The effectiveness of pineapple ( Ananas comosus (L .) extract on the growth of  beta-hemolitycus Streptococcus  has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pineapple extract ( Ananas comosus (L. ) on the growth of  Streptococcus beta-hemolitycus . This study was an experimental laboratory study) pure in vitro. In this study, the inhibitory and killing power of  Ananas comosus (L. ) extract against the growth of  Streptococcus β haemolyticus  at various concentrations of 0.5%; 1%; 2%; 4%; 8%; 10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; 60%; 70%; 80%; 90%; 100% .. The research was conducted at the Lampung Provincial Health Laboratory Hall conducted from June to November 2018. The results of the One-way Anova test obtained p-value=0,000 so that p-value<0.05 which means that the concentration of pineapple extract tested had an effect on growth of  Streptococcus beta hemolyticus  bacteria and the results of the Least Significant Difference (LSD) or Post hoc LSD (Least Significance Different) test (p-value<0,05) showed that pineapple extract was effective in inhibiting and killing germs of  Streptococcus β haemolyticus  at a concentration of 8%.


The rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in Vasai City of Mumbai with improper environmental planning has resulted in discharge of sewage and industrial wastes in to the Vasai Creek thereby greatly affecting its physico-chemical properties. The present investigation to study the physico-chemical parameters of creek water for the two assessment years 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011 suggests the high level of aquatic pollution. It is observed that pH; solid content, total hardness, sulphide, phosphate, phenol, and oil/grease content, as well as BOD/COD values were above the maximum permissible limit for set for inland surface water subjected to pollution load. The results also indicates that the pollution level of 2010 to 2011 were above that of 2009 to 2010. It is observed that the present high level of pollution will not only not only create threat to the aquatic life of the creek, but also affect the aesthetic beauty of the creek.


New luminescent lanthanide chelates containing thiol-, amine-, and click-reactive groups in antenna-fluorophore moieties were synthesized. The chelates include diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) coupled to two types of chromophores: 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-2(1H) quinolinone, and 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-alkoxyquinoline. The synthesized compounds were characterized using NMR, light absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescent spectroscopy. Some of the compounds displayed high brightness with Tb3+, Eu3+, and Dy3+. Obtained reactive lanthanide chelates can be easily attached to biological molecules. The probes demonstrated high performance in molecular beaconbased DNA hybridization assays (sub-pico molar detection limit), in bacterial proteome labeling, and in live cell imaging.


Whether there will be a war between China and Taiwan depends very much upon whether Taiwan will declare independence. And given that Taiwan is a democracy now, public opinion on the issue will certainly affect the political leaders' decision to move one way or the other. Since the early 1990s, several competing methods have been used in surveys to study Taiwanese attitudes on the independence-unification issue. The existence of a large percentage of respondents with conditional preferences makes us realize that the traditional six-point or 1 1-point scale measures of preferences oversimplify the situation. In this article, we construct a new measure of preferences and show that it clearly outperforms the traditional methods. The Taiwan Strait is one of the few flash points in the post-Cold War world that has a potential to go to war, involving not only China and Taiwan but possibly the United States and several other countries with interests in the region. One factor which may trigger a war is Taiwan's declaration of permanent independence from China. And since Taiwan is now a democracy, whether it will indeed declare independence depends very much upon the public opinion on the island. In recent years, a great deal of survey research has been dedicated to probing Taiwanese public opinion on this issue. The standard approach is to measure the independence-unification variable one-dimensionally, with unification and independence at the extremes, and the status quo, which is neither unification nor independence, representing the centrist position, and then to treat it as an independent variable to understand its impact on other variables.' Results of most of the surveys on such an issue show that at least a majority, or close to a majority, of the respondents prefer maintaining the status quo to moving towards either independence or unification.' This is * An earlier version of this article was presented at the Conference on the Taiwan Election and Democratization Studies 2001 Survey, Taipei, Taiwan, October 2002. The author would like to thank Yu-Shan Wu and other conference participants for their helpful comments and suggestions. 1. For an overview of the evolution of survey questions on the Taiwan independence issue, see Shelley Rigger, "Social science and national identity: a critique," Pacific Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 4 (2000), pp. 537-552. 2. A representative set of scholarly work on the issue of Taiwan independence in Taiwan's domestic politics include John Fuh-sheng Hsieh and Emerson M.S. Niou, "Salient issues in Taiwan's electoral politics," Electoral Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2 (1996), pp. 219-30; Tse-min Lin, Yun-han Chu and Melvin J. Hinich, "A spatial analysis of political competition in © The China Quarterly, 2005 Measuring Taiwanese Public Opinion on Taiwanese Independence understandable given the constraints the likelihood of a war with China if Taiwan declares independence and the undesirability of living under communist rule if unification is realized imposed upon Taiwan.3 However, it also means that many people support the status quo from merely practical concerns. That is, they may prefer independence or unification, but since neither is feasible, they support the status quo. So there are actually two dimensions here, one referring to the respondents' sincere attitude towards the independence-unification issue, and the other to their strategic concerns regarding the feasibility of various options. It is useful if we can find a way to separate the sincere status quo supporters from those with strategic concerns. This would give a better understanding of the "true" sentiments among the general public in Taiwan. The purpose of this article is to use the data of the 2001 Taiwan Election and Democratization Studies (TEDS) survey4 to analyse the general public's preferences on the issue of independence versus unification. It first evaluates the three competing measures of preferences on the Taiwan independence issue, before presenting a new measure and testing whether it performs better statistically than the others. Three Competing Measures To make sense of the pro-status quo majority, one approach, employing a six-point scale of preferences, provides respondents with the options of expressing a preference for independence now; unification now; status


522 Background: Our preclinical findings suggest a role for the mevalonate pathway (MVA) in treatment resistance in HER2+ BC by providing alternative growth and survival signaling to bypass potent HER2 blockade, which could be overcome by the MVA inhibitors statins and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBs). Here we explored the effect of MVA inhibitors' use on pts' outcomes in the ALTTO trial (BIG2-06; NCT00490139). Methods: In the ALTTO trial, 8381 pts with HER2+ BC were randomized to 1 year of adjuvant lapatinib (L), trastuzumab (T), L+T, or T→L. All pts with documented treatment start with statins or NBs < 1 year after randomization were considered as MVA inhibitors users. Survival curves, with a median follow-up of 6.9 years, for disease-free survival (DFS), distant relapse-free interval (DRFI), BC-specific survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS) according to MVA inhibitors use were estimated by the Kaplan Meier method and Log-rank test. All multivariate survival analyses employed a Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusting for tumor size, nodal status, hormonal receptor (HoR), menopausal status, BMI, timing of chemo, and randomization arm. We considered interactions terms in Cox's model between MVA inhibitors use and randomization arm, hormonal status, and BMI group. Results: Among the 8381 pts included in this study, 493 and 299 were statins or NBs users, respectively. Table 1 summarizes the significant differences in pts' characteristics according to MVA inhibitors use ( P <.005). In multivariate survival analyses, only NBs use was associated independently with better BCSS (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23 - 0.84; P = 0.014). Statin use was not independently associated with prognosis but only in interaction with pts characteristics: worse DFS, BCSS and OS in pts treated with L+T, worse DRFI and OS in pts treated with HoR+ BC (respective interaction P-values <0.05 in the Cox's model). Conclusions: NBs independently predicted improved BC-specific outcome in pts with HER2+ BC treated with adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy. Statin use was associated with an inferior outcome in pts with HoR+ disease and/or those treated with L+T. Whether this inferior association in statin users may reflect the underlying predisposition factors that can weaken the efficacy of anti-HER2 treatments and whether this effect was observed only in the L+T arm due to the more potent inhibition of the HER2 signaling pathway remain open questions. Further clinical investigations on the impact of MVA inhibitors on the outcome of pts with HER2+ BC are warranted. [Table: see text]


The problem of correct eye aberrations measurement is very important with the rising widespread of a surgical procedure for reducing refractive error in the eye, so called, LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis). The double-pass technique commonly used for measuring aberrations of a human eye involves some uncertainties. One of them is loosing the information about odd human eye aberrations. We report about investigations of the applicability limit of the double-pass measurements depending upon the aberrations status introduced by human eye and actual size of the entrance pupil. We evaluate the double-pass effects for various aberrations and different pupil diameters. It is shown that for small pupils the double-pass effects are negligible. The testing and alignment of aberrometer was performed using the schematic eye, developed in our lab. We also introduced a model of human eye based on bimorph flexible mirror. We perform calculations to demonstrate that our schematic eye is capable of reproducing spatial-temporal statistics of aberrations of living eye with normal vision or even myopic or hypermetropic or with high aberrations ones.


A dispute between government ministries and peasant communities over control of the reed beds in Lake Titicaca, Peru, in the 1970s led to a state of irresolution, with each side believing that the conflict had been resolved in its favor. In this article, maps drawn by both sides are examined in order to analyze the understandings that each side had of the conflict and to discuss the lack of resolution. The article elaborates a framework for the analysis of maps and other representations, and discusses other theories about the role of representations in political encounters.


The paper has studied the strata distributive character and engineering geologic property of bed rock zone of weathering in cryptical coal field, based on large of data form testing and real-field materials, taking importance on the laws of overlying destruction and underground pressure behavior and the mechanism of decreasing protective coal columns while extracting proximity zone of weathering. It has important reference value to recover coal safely in similar coal mine.


Margaret Atwood's Maddaddam trilogy depicts a civilization devastated by a lethal virus developed in a laboratory. The portrayal of isolated and marginalized individuals who perpetrate the construction of the virus, as well as the state of crisis and fear immanent to the apocalyptic narrative, lead to the analysis of the trilogy in reference to the social conditions following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The New historical conception of literature as an equal participant of the process of circulation of the historical and cultural practices provides grounds for the interpretation of the novels within the field of a public imaginary which stems from the equalization of the terrorist threat with undefeatable contagious diseases. However, the trilogy's cooperation with the system it attempts to uncover will hinder its subversive property and a critical distance. Despite its employment of parody in order to unveil the system, the trilogy (re)enforces the space where fear and apocalyptic thought dwell, therefore obstructing its separation and corroborating the culture of fear and terror it originated from.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are closely associated with low levels of physical activity, and T2DM has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Physical activity is considered as one of the cornerstones in managing T2DM, preventing and slowing its related microvascular and macrovascular complications. Resistance exercise is anaerobic exercise that exert certain resistance to particular muscle groups during exercise. In addition to increasing muscle mass, it also plays an important role in regulating blood glucose, lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial function, systemic inflammatory response and blood pressure.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Resistance exercise; Cardiovascular diseases


The present paper discusses the design of column-type structures, which are composed of columns and lateral braces attached perpendicular to the columns. Buckling of the braces of this kind of structures directly leads to global buckling of the columns. The brace-buckling modes are successfully detected by considering higher-order geometrically nonlinear relations and by introducing Green's strain into the total potential energy of the structure. Sensitivity analysis of the eigenvalues of the tangent stiffness matrix under fixed load condition is carried out with respect to imperfections of the nodal locations. Furthermore, the critical imperfection that most drastically reduces the eigenvalues are calculated and buckling loads of the imperfect systems are evaluated. The numerical results show that the second or higher eigenmode of the tangent stiffness matrix of the perfect system should be sometimes used for estimating the buckling load of the imperfect system. Design examples are presented using the proposed method, and they are compared with those in accordance with an allowable-stress design standard. The results show a possibility of reducing the sizes of the brace sections.


Purpose
Social capital has become a general tool for policy interventions in developing countries – often put forward as empowering and improving women's socioeconomic position. Using the framework of gendered manifestations of networks in patriarchal setting of Bangladesh, the authors argue that while networks are crucial building blocks of social capital they are bound to manifest differently depending on the context in which they are embedded. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
By combining methods of social networks and spatial analysis, this study provides insights into the embeddedness of networks in gender norms. The authors conduct the study in the context of reproductive health networks in rural Bangladesh.

Findings
The findings suggest that networks mirror the structure of the society in which they evolve, reproducing rather than challenging disadvantage.

Research limitations/implications
The authors call for a more nuanced view of social capital leading to policy design that is sensitive to different manifestations of networks.

Originality/value
This study is the first to combine novel methods of social networks and spatial analysis to quantify the complex interplay between social networks and gender norms. This study further contributes to the diffusion literature by providing the first comparative view of women's and men's reproductive health networks that extend beyond actors' direct tie.


There is no space here, and possibly little competence, to tell competitors how to write prize-winning essays. Competent essays, however, and all prize-winning essays have been that, show clear signs of planning. There is a theme, and a studied development of that theme. Correct English is, of course, highly important but the error into which many competitors fall is to write lavishly, verbosely. Essays should always be simple in style and economical in words. Ideas should be the competitors' ideas and not merely quotations from better known authors. • Is it worth while competing from a professional point of view? The answer is undoubtedly 'yes.' Not only is the competitor professionally the wiser through having written an essay after proper research and preparation but there is also a chance of gaining what is undoubtedly a professional distinction. On the more mundane side an Editor, on reading an essay which had won a twenty guinea cash prize, made a rapid calculation of the number of words and said, "This is more highly paid writing than I have ever achieved!" From the personal angle there is great fun and interest to be gained, with a pleasant suspense much more protracted than the interval between posting the football pools forecast and seeing the results on Saturday nights. This Competition is well worthy of the support of all police officers. Its prestige will grow with the number of competitors.


The sedimentation of a heavy Stokes particle in a laminar plane or axisymmetric flow is investigated by means of asymptotic methods. We focus on the occurrence of Stommel's retention zones, and on the splitting of their separatrices. The goal of this paper is to analyze under which conditions these retention zones can form, and under which conditions they can break and induce chaotic particle settling. The terminal velocity of the particle in still fluid is of the order of the typical velocity of the flow, and the particle response time is much smaller than the typical flow time-scale. It is observed that if the flow is steady and has an upward streamline where the vertical velocity has a strict local maximum, then inertialess particle trajectories can take locally the form of elliptic Stommel cells, provided the particle terminal velocity is close enough to the local peak flow velocity. These structures only depend on the local flow topology and do not require the flow to have closed streamlines or stagnation points. If, in addition, the flow is submitted to a weak time-periodic perturbation, classical expansions enable one to write the particle dynamics as a hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom, plus a perturbation containing both the dissipative terms of the particle motion equation and the flow unsteadiness. Melnikov's method therefore provides accurate criteria to predict the splitting of the separatrices of the elliptic cell mentioned above, leading to chaotic particle trapping and chaotic settling. The effect of particle inertia and flow unsteadiness on the occurrence of simple zeros in Melnikov's function is discussed. Particle motion in a plane cellular flow and in a vertical pipe is then investigated to illustrate these results.


where h is the distance between the surfaces of the particles. The first contribution UW is due to van der Waals attraction which can be approximated for Spherical particles as Uw(h) = -Aa/l2h for h << a , where a is the particle radius and A the Hamaker constant. The second contribution is the electrostatic potential U(h) which depends on parameters such as the charge 2 and the size of the particles, ita surface potential a,, and the inverse Debye screening length K. The overall potential V(h) itself has a maximum at h = h, for ionic strengths below the critical coagulation concentration. The doublet formation rate constant k is defined by Smoluchowski's equation2 dcddt = k q 2 , where c1 and c2 are the number densities of monomers and dimers, respectively. In the limit of fast aggregation where V(h) = 0, the rate constant is given by kfMt = 8 m D , where D is the single particle diffusion coefficient. The actual coagulation rate constant kdow is commonly expressed in terms of the stability ratio W = kf~t/kdOw, When the dynamics of the motion of the spherical particles is described by pure diffusion, Fuchs has shown that's3


Patients may require both low-dose aspirin (ASA) and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This raises the questions of whether NSAIDs may inhibit the cardioprotective effects of low-dose ASA; whether the cardioprotective effect of low-dose ASA can be obtained by NSAIDs: and whether the combination of low-dose ASA and NSAIDs increases the risk of adverse effects. This review attempts to answer these questions.


Photoinduced isomerization reactions, including ring-opening reactions, lie at the heart of many processes in nature. The mechanisms of such reactions are determined by a delicate interplay of coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics unfolding on the femtosecond scale, followed by the slower redistribution of energy into different vibrational degrees of freedom. Here we apply time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a seeded extreme ultraviolet free electron laser to trace the ultrafast ring opening of gas phase thiophenone molecules following photoexcitation at 265 nm. When combined with cutting edge ab initio electronic structure and molecular dynamics calculations of both the excited and ground state molecules, the results provide unprecedented insights into both electronic and nuclear dynamics of this fundamental class of reactions. The initial ring opening and non-adiabatic coupling to the electronic ground state is shown to be driven by ballistic SC bond extension and to be complete within 350 femtoseconds. Theory and experiment also allow clear visualization of the rich ground-state dynamics involving formation of, and interconversion between, several ring opened isomers and the reformed cyclic structure, and fragmentation (CO loss) over much longer timescales.


We consider an energy harvesting device whose state at a given time is determined by its energy level and an "importance" value, associated to the transmission of a data packet to the receiver at that particular time. We consider policies that, at each time, elect whether to transmit the data packet or not, based on the current energy level and data importance, so as to maximize the long-term average transmitted data importance. Under the assumption of i.i.d. Bernoulli energy arrivals, we show that the sensor should report only data with an importance value above a given threshold, which is a strictly decreasing function of the energy level, and we derive upper and lower bounds on the thresholds for any energy level. Leveraging on these findings, we construct a suboptimal policy that performs very close to the optimal one, at a fraction of the complexity. Finally, we demonstrate that a threshold policy, which on the average transmits with probability equal to the average energy arrival rate is asymptotically optimal as the energy storage capacity grows large.


What is the central question of this study? Does a polyphenol‐rich extract from açaí have a potential role in preventing uraemic toxin‐induced endothelial cell dysfunction? What is the main finding and its importance? Polyphenols from açaí prevented cell death, restored migratory capacity, protected from inflammation and contributed to the restoration of the antioxidant response in endothelial cells exposed to uraemic toxins. The protective role of açaí against toxic effects exerted by uraemic toxins presents a potential new therapeutic target in endothelial cells.


Cooking time, quality after cooking and postharvest deterioration are important characteristics in the selection of a cassava ethnovariety, both for consumption in the fresh form and for industrial processing.  The objective of this research was to evaluate the culinary characteristics and postharvest deterioration of cassava ethno-varieties cultivated in the state of Mato Grosso, and thus select materials with the most desirable qualities for cultivation and commercialization. This study consisted of the evaluation of 39 cassava ethno-varieties in regards to culinary characteristics. The postharvest deterioration analysis was performed during 20 days. Among the 39 ethno-varieties studied, 31 were deemed easy to peel and eight difficult to peel. Only two ethno-varieties had short cooking times (25 and 27 minutes). Among the two ethno-varieties that stood out in the culinary analysis, AF23 was the one with the longest time before onset of deterioration. Most of the ethno-varieties studied presented root periderm color as being dark brown (21), white/cream cortex color (24) and white root pulp (27). The results indicate that there is a variation in the cooking time, which strongly influences the quality of the cooked mass, and that ethno-variety AF23 has desirable characteristics for consumption and commercialization of its roots.


INTRODUCTION
EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel procedure for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of this technique in our initial experience.

METHODS
Patients with GOO from our institute were included. Technical success was defined as the successful creation of a gastroenterostomy. Clinical success was defined as the ability to tolerate a soft diet after the procedure. We assessed adverse events and diet tolerance 1 month after the procedure.

RESULTS
Three patients were included. Technical and clinical success was achieved in all cases. There were no adverse events and good diet tolerance was observed 1 month after the procedure in the included patients.

CONCLUSION
EUS-GE is a promising treatment for patients with GOO.


BACKGROUND : An Arg 60 ‐to‐Leu mutation was found in the first cytoplasmic loop of the PLT TxA 2 receptor as a new congenital PLT disorder characterized by impaired responsiveness to TxA 2 . However, it has not been clarified whether DDAVP is effective in correcting the bleeding time (BT) in this PLT disorder.


This study examines an advanced viscous-inviscid interactive method developed for the analysis and design of airfoils in two-dimensional subsonic compressible flow (Ma ∞ <0.4). Inviscid flow is solved with a panel method. The laminar boundary layer is calculated by Thwaites' method. Transition is determined by Michel's relation or the e n method. An integral solution for a turbulent boundary layer is derived from an entrainment equation. Closure conditions are obtained with empirical relations. Singularities near the separation are avoided by inverting the boundary-layer method. Inviscid and viscous flows are coupled with transpiration. The analysis method is used as a "black box" in the design tasks. The geometry of the starting airfoil is perturbed iteratively by transpiration until the pressure distribution converges to a predefined target This study proposes the necessary degrees of freedom in the target velocity distribution to obtain a closed airfoil. Design cases are included, which support the general applicability and accuracy of the numerical design method.


A method for laser induced damage (LID) threshold measurement both within volume of transparent dielectrics and at surface of high-energy laser optical components is proposed. The technique makes it possible to determine the optical breakdown statistics in a chosen area of optical element for single-shot exposure and for accumulation regime. A technique of additional chemical-mechanical surface polishing is proposed, the LID threshold for coatings of optical components with surfaces subjected to the additional processing is measured and compared with regular treatment.


India is home to 19% of the world's children. Thousands of children are raped and being abused sexually every year. The rights of children in India needs to be paid attention to. The ratification of India to the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC) to combat Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) in 2005 should be a major step taken by India in combating Child Sexual Abuse (CSA). The primary aim of this research is to elaborate the efforts of India in implementing the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC) to combat Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) in 2005 to 2013. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive analysis. The data collected in this research are secondary data obtained from books, journals, articles, news items, websites, and online-offline documents. The study becomes significant because issues about CSA are still lack of awareness from the society either it is to distribute efforts or to be aware that children in some cases are ironically seen as properties that has no human being's rights.


Aiming at the problem that the vehicles always turn left in advance which causes heavy conflicts in the intersection and effected traffic efficiency,the solution of the left-turn lane's stop line backwards setting was proposed,and the critical conditions on the stop line's setting were studied.Firstly,we studied the characteristics of trajectories distribution in the release process of turning left in advance vehicles.Based on that,we proposed to move the stop line backwards to solve the problem of turning left in advance.Considering the intersection's geometric features and the vehicle operation features,the geometric critical condition was given for setting the position of left-turn lane's stop line.And then the model of left-turn vehicles'queuing length was established based on queuing theory and traffic wave theory.By using queuing length model,the flow restrictions of stop line backwards could be found.Assuming left-turn vehicles'arrival rate is stable in a certain period of time,the minimum green time and the maximum red time of left-turn phase were given after the stop line was set up.According to the changes of the vehicles'turning paths,the shortest yellow setting recommendation was given.Finally,the application of the critical limits used in stop line backwards setting was demonstrated.The research result could provide a theoretical basis for traffic signs and markings'setting and perfect the relevant laws and regulations.


The term 'uterine STUMP' (smooth-muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential) is currently used to define a heterogeneous group of uterine tumors distinct from leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. This rare entity is often characterized by a slow growth and protracted patient survival when compared to leiomyosarcomas but few data are available about its clinical management and outcome. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about uterine STUMP, with a particular focus on cases of recurrence.


The invention relates to a stringed musical instrument whose vibrations are transmitted to a soundboard by means of a transducer (3), characterized in that the soundboard is associated with means of differential stiffening (6,7,9A, 9B) defining on the table at least two zones (2A, 2B) attacked simultaneously by the transducer and having complementary vibrational behavior so that a frequency response hollow of one of the zones corresponds a full frequency response of response of the other areas.