AbstractA new treatment for shallow clouds has been introduced into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The new scheme, called the cumulus potential (CuP) scheme, replaces the ad hoc trigger function used in the Kain–Fritsch cumulus parameterization with a trigger function related to the distribution of temperature and humidity in the convective boundary layer via probability density functions (PDFs). An additional modification to the default version of WRF is the computation of a cumulus cloud fraction based on the time scales relevant for shallow cumuli. Results from three case studies over the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site in north-central Oklahoma are presented. These cases were selected because of the presence of shallow cumuli over the ARM site. The modified version of WRF does a much better job predicting the cloud fraction and the downwelling shortwave irradiance than control simulations utilizing the default Kain–Fritsch scheme. The modifie...


Porous foam metal,as a new type functional material,has unique characteristics and structure.Due to its huge application prospect,metal foam has increasingly attracted much more attention in industry,especially in automobiles and aerospace field.There are many ways to produce porous foam metal.Compared with other fabrication methods,preparation using blowing agent has many advantages,such as high output,relatively low cost and easy production,thus it has been widely investigated.In this paper,the recent research developments of blowing agent applied for porous foamed metal are reviewed and the development direction is discussed.


The creatine kinase rate of metabolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis is an important metabolic parameter but is challenging to measure in vivo due to limited signal‐to‐noise ratio and long measurement time.


This article presents a reflection on the dynamics of the religious from two research field conducted in religious events of Christian headquarters in the city of Fortaleza, in the year 2018. An event of evangelical matrix, called March for Jesus, and another of catholic matrix, the walk with mary. We agree with anthropologist Clifford Geertz when he states that, in contemporary times, religion seems to have been "driven out" of its traditional spaces of manifestation, launching itself into the occupation of public spaces of sociability for the reaffirmation of its values. We therefore identified 1 Doutor em Sociologia pela Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE). Professor Assistente de Teoria Política (UECE). Pesquisador do Núcleo de Estudos em Religião e Política (NERPO) e do Laboratório de Estudos de Processos Eleitorais e Mídia (LEPEM). Religare, ISSN: 19826605, v.16, n.2, dezembro de 2019, p.413-434. 414 a certain dispute between Catholics and Protestants over this quintessential public space the street in order to demonstrate strength and expressiveness in numbers of supporters, as well as serving each of these events as an act to declare a certain authority over the city destinations. Speaking of March presupposes the formation of an army which, having a very precise cause, decides to set in motion. The idea of walking, however, increases something more vague, loose, vague. Thus, through the observations made in the field and from the analysis of the date read from the anthropological theory, we will allow the reader a partial understanding about the dynamics of the religious in the city of Fortaleza.


This research mainly presented the region landscape geochemistry and the geochemistry in Quaternary Period.The geochemistry characteristic of each rock of Quaternary Period was analysed.Then the dry environment condition and aspect of agriculture beneficial and harmful element of plentiful and lack conditions were probed.


In this work we analyzed the ground-state symmetry for the cases of two particles in a linear Fibonacci chain, using the generalized Hubbard Hamiltonian and a previously developed real-space mapping method. The method is based on mapping the correlated many-body problem onto an equivalent site-and bond-impurity one-body problem in a higher dimensional space, where the problem can be solved exactly. For the case of two particles, it is obtained a ground-state when the correlated hopping interactions are included. The two particle problem is analyzed by looking at the phase diagram for the bound state. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Breakage of epidural catheter is a rare occurrence with only isolated reports. Though insertion of epidural catheter is generally considered a safe procedure, breakage during removal leaving a segment in the patient's back can occur. There are many factors associated with breakage of an epidural catheter, such as the characteristics of the catheter itself, patient's factors (anatomy, position during insertion and removal of the catheter), and the difficulty of the procedure. Catheter damage is also related to excessive insertion into the epidural space. The current recommendation is to let the catheter fragment remain in the epidural space. Surgical removal is considered if there is a possibility that the retained catheter might cause neurological problems later or could be a source of infection as well as in children. This case report describes the breakage of an epidural catheter detailing recommended techniques for removal and the subsequent removal by a surgical approach.

 Key words: Epidural, catheter breakage


In the causal modelling literature, it is well known that "ill-defined" variables may give rise to "ambiguous manipulations" (Spirtes and Scheines, 2004). Here, we illustrate how ill-defined variables may also induce mistakes in causal inference when standard causal search methods are applied (Spirtes et al., 2000; Pearl, 2009). To address the problem, we introduce a representation framework, which exploits an independent component representation of the data, and demonstrate its potential for detecting ill-defined variables and avoiding mistaken causal inferences.


Legged robots have been highlighted as promising mobile platforms for disaster response and rescue scenarios because of their rough terrain locomotion capability. In cluttered environments, small robots are desirable as they can maneuver through small gaps, narrow paths, or tunnels. However small robots have their own set of difficulties such as limited space for sensors, limited obstacle clearance, and scaled-down walking speed. In this paper, we extensively address these difficulties via effective sensor integration and exploitation of dynamic locomotion and jumping. We integrate two Intel RealSense sensors into the MIT Mini-Cheetah, a 0.3 m tall, 9 kg quadruped robot. Simple and effective filtering and evaluation algorithms are used for foothold adjustment and obstacle avoidance. We showcase the exploration of highly irregular terrain using dynamic trotting and jumping with the small-scale, fully sensorized Mini-Cheetah quadruped robot.


Mike Jessop, 2006/07 president of the British Small Animal Veterinary Association, discusses the issues that have occupied the association during its 50th anniversary year


The invention discloses a gas catapulting device. The gas catapulting device comprises a gas bottle, a cylinder set, a sound eliminator, a buffer and parallel guide rails. The cylinder set is formed by installing a piston in a cylinder, the piston is connected with a piston rod, the sound eliminator is installed at the other end of the piston rod, and a plurality of small holes are formed in the part, covered by the sound eliminator, of the cylinder wall. The cylinder is connected with the gas cylinder through a fastener, the buffer is arranged at the front end of the cylinder, a through hole is formed in the middle of the buffer and is coaxial with the piston rod, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the piston rod and smaller than the diameter of the piston. The parallel guide rails are laid in front of the buffer with a certain distance to the ground. When a testing piece is put on the parallel guide rails, the testing piece exactly blocks the through hole of the buffer, the center of mass of the testing piece is located at the height of the center of the through hole, and the testing piece can slide on the parallel guide rails. By means of the gas catapulting device, free adjustment can be achieved according to the speed demand of the testing piece, and thus the testing accuracy is improved.


Purpose- Micro-hydroelectricity power projects are becoming popular because it is a proven low cost electricity-generating source. This research designed to evaluate energy extraction efficiency of single stage and multistage blade of micro Hydro turbine. Experiments have been conducted with two-laboratory scale turbine at instream water velocity ranges from 0.5m/s to 1 m/s. The finding shows that energy extraction and transfer efficiency of multistage MHT is about 5.5 percent higher compare to single stage MHT. This study concludes that multistage MHT is cost effective as energy extraction efficiency is higher and it could be an energy solution for rural societies. Indeed, the multistage MHT could be a useful electricity generating equipment for supporting rural economy.


PURPOSE: An adhesion improvement method by plasma conditioning of the surface of a semiconductor chip is provided to improve the adhesion between an integrated circuit chip and an insulation underfill material wherein the integrated circuit chip has active and passive surfaces such that the active surface is polymer-coated and has a plurality of electrical coupling members. CONSTITUTION: A wafer(905) having a plurality of integrated circuits and including the coupling members is positioned in a vacuum chamber of a plasma apparatus so that the polymer-coated surface faces the plasma source. A plasma treatment is initiated. The ion mean free path is controlled so that the ions reach the wafer surface with predetermined energy. The wafer surface is exposed to the plasma for a length of time sufficient to roughen the polymer surface, clean the polymer surface from organic contamination and improve the surface affinity to adhesion.


The invention discloses a water dispenser with a bag in a box unit. The apparatus comprises a housing; a mineral water container positioned within the housing and formed as a bag and box package unit; a cold water faucet and a hot water faucet configured to dispense chilled mineral water and hot mineral water from the apparatus. In some conditions, the apparatus further comprises a cold water tank for receiving water at room temperature from the mineral water container and supplying cold water to the cold water faucet and a hot water tank for receiving water at room temperature from the mineral water container and supplying hot water to the hot water faucet. The apparatus comprises a pump for pumping water from the mineral water container to the cold water tank and the hot water tank.


During the last 15 years, a powerful concept in the analysis of local politics has been the "growth machine": the potent coalition of government officials and local business elites united in the pursuit of economic development. Growth policies were often supported by residential members of communities, who sought better services and lower taxes through economic growth. While the growth machine is undoubtedly still among the most potent forces in local politics, in many communities residential support for pro-growth policies has been replaced by strong opposition. Using a sample of approximately seven hundred suburban municipalities, I show that the flow of fiscal benefits to communities from economic development has slowed during the last 15 years. Given the mounting costs of growth and the increasing costs of pro-growth policies, the lack of significant fiscal payoffs helps explain growing disaffection with the growth machine and the rise of the antigrowth movement.


Among the most basic of all legal rights is the right to a legal hearing. The postulation of such a right derives from a philosophy in which the idea of the subject is inseparably linked to that of the subject's own voice. The subject, as described by Immanuel Kant, requires voice not only to make its political will known in elections, but also, and above all, to be able to speak for itself, to represent itself, to defend itself, and to demand its rights. The capacity to act as a subject of rights and the receiving of recognition of one's subjective rights are therefore tied to the fact of having one's voice heard—tied, that is, to the fact that the law grants the voice a hearing. If various subjective rights can indeed be grouped together under the right to have one's voice heard, this also has implications for the form that the proceedings of a criminal trial will take. According to the model of a subject who is to speak for himself, a defense against criminal charges can no longer be a question of advocacy (Fürsprache): Who is speaking for whom? Since the Enlightenment era, it is no longer the case that someone speaking to the court can rehabilitate the damaged reputation of his friend. He is instead bound to speak the truth, the truth about what he has seen and heard (die Wahrheit über Wahrgenommenes), the truth about himself. The forensic art of advocacy


A 10-b 200-MSample/s digital-to-analog converter is optimized for low power and low area with plusmn25%, 0.1% incremental gain control. The converter uses a combined thermometer coded current-steering DAC and an R-2R load to achieve a compact layout and sub-muA LSB current. It provides more than 61dB spurious-free dynamic range over 50MHz bandwidth within -20degC to +95degC temperature range and plusmn10% supply variation from a dual 2.5/1.8-V supply. The differential and integral non-linearity of the converter are within plusmn0.1LSB. The 0.55mm times 0.47mm converter is implemented in a 0.35/0.18-mum CMOS technology and the DAC core dissipates only 200muA static current from a 2.5V analog supply


The Future of Adult Education describes the current upsurge of adult education participation in colleges and universities against the historical background of the tradition and mission of American higher education. It considers the kinds of objections raised against adult education, and proposes ways to deal with them in planning the future. The book is arranged in four parts. Part one describes the current interest in adult education by colleges and universities, mainly as a way


This paperintroduces a method of detecting moving object using sequence images in video. For wiping of background and depressing average noise, it uses a strategy of images difference to highlight object and to avoid molestation. For wiping of periodicity moving in background, it divides sequence images into two parts, and calculates cumulating images of difference images for each part. For finding out the moving track and detecting moving object, it combines with analysis method of morphologic to wipe off noise and stain.


Sex and gender are dissociable, multi-component variables. Focusing on the analytic problems associated with dichotomising continuous variables, we synthesize a new approach to collecting and analysing sex and gender data in health research, in contrast to the conventional use of dichotomous tickboxes to code sex/gender.Methods. Using a literature review and data simulations in R, we examined the magnitude of the statistical and methodological problems associated with the use of a single dichotomised sex/gender variable, including construct validity, predictive validity, measurement error, residual confounding, misclassification and bias due to cut points, power, and representative sampling.Results. Using the dichotomous sex/gender predictor rather than a continuous sex/gender predictor increased residual confounding up to 80% and misclassification of individual participants up to 50%. Further, there was substantial bias in model parameters when continuous sex/gender variables were dichotomised. Finally, we found that using the dichotomous sex/gender predictor decreased power, in some cases by more than 50%.Conclusions. Using a dichotomous sex/gender predictor in place of a continuous sex/gender predictor has profound impacts on the statistical model and the validity of inferences drawn from such a model. We describe measurement and analytic approaches to reduce the statistical problems related to a dichotomised sex/gender analysis.


Reference • Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(4), 1269-1287. Figure 1. Psychological adaptation across three waves, predicted by prior and current relation to the ex-partner, personality traits and socio-demographic variables (final latent autoregressive model). Depr = depressive Symptoms; Life satis = life satisfaction. For simplicity, we omitted the effects of control variables. All the reported parameters are standardized. Fit indices: χ2 (2804) = 3331, p <. 001, CFI = .967; TLI = .965; RMSEA = .026, 90% Cl [.023 .030]. †p < .10. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. Study description and statistical analyses


It was shown that nanoparticle–polymer interactions that affect the free volume and oxygen barrier properties of poly(m-xylene adipamide)/clay nanocomposites can be tailored by the choice of organic modifier of montmorillonite clay. Three different organo-modified clay compounds based on montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B, 10A and 93A) were dispersed in the resin poly(m-xylene adipamide) at loading levels of 2 wt% clay. Samples were melt compounded and extruded using a laboratory scale twin screw micro compounder. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to examine the free volume of the polymer nanocomposites. PALS results suggested that the Cloisite 10A additive should give the higher reduction in gas permeability as it results in the lowest free volume for the nylon resin when compared to all of the clay additives examined. Oxygen transmission rates (OTR) were measured on nanocomposite films and the Cloisite 10A additive was found to give the best oxygen barrier, showing a reduction of OTR of 66% compared to the neat resin. In all cases examined, PALS free volume data was found to have excellent correlation to the measured oxygen transmission rates. The addition of Cloisite 10A resulted in the highest crystallinity and an increase in glass transition temperature when compared to the neat resin. Results indicate that the improved barrier properties of the clay compounds is primarily due to an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer, with the nanoparticles being more effective nucleating agents when favourable nanoparticle–polymer interactions are present.


Article IV, Rule 1, of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, or the Hague Rules, states that "whenever loss or damage has resulted from unseaworthiness, the burden of proving the exercise of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person claiming exemption under this article." The author discusses this concept of unseaworthiness, dividing the discussion into ten sections that respectively cover the following as potential factors in claims of unseaworthiness: the hull; design failings; portholes and storm valves; insufficiency of fuel; lack of hatch watertightness; improper stowage of cargo; overloading; failure to ensure proper instruction of the crew; proper functioning of shipboard navigation aids; and fitness to carry cargo. The article concludes by considering the interpretation of "due diligence."


NUTRITION PROGRAM STUDY
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
ABSTRACT
AZWAR EKA SAPUTRA. J 300 120 004
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND PERSONAL HYGIENE
BEHAVIORS IN FOOD HANDLERS OF Dr. MOEWARDI GENERAL HOSPITAL
Background: The implementation of hygiene and healthy food are the basic
principles of organization of food management in hospital.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between
knowledge and personal gygiene in food handlers of Dr. Moewardi General
Hospital.
Method: This research was a descriptive study. The population in this study was
taken from workers at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, while the study subject
were 30 workers in the food processing plant of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital.
Result: The results showed that knowledge of most workers was good (60%)
and the behavior of personal hygiene of most workers was also good (53,3%).
There was a significant relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene
behaviors in food handlers of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital (p= 0,011).
Conclusion: there was a relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene
behaviors in food handlers of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital.
Keywords : knowledge, hygiene behaviors
Bibliography : 25 (2000-2011)


Abstract The distribution and abundance of fire ant decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae: Pseudacteon Coquillett) were studied in three regions of southern South America, primarily from September 2002 to September 2004. A total of 2,421 flies belonging to 14 Pseudacteon species were found at 51% of the 662 fire ant mounds examined at 125 collecting sites. Flies occurred in a variety of habitats at altitudes from sea level to 2,280 m. Pseudacteon obtusus Borgmeier (large form) was found at the highest altitude and at the most western longitude. Flies were active between 16 and 37°C, 20 and 90% RH, and 0 and 11.6 km/h wind speed. Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier showed the highest abundance and one of the broadest geographical distributions. Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, P. litoralis Borgmeier, the large form of P. obtusus, P. nudicornis Borgmeier, and P. nocens Borgmeier also were widely distributed. These species seem to be the most generalized within saevissima-group. Pseudacteon solenopsidis Schmitz was only collected attacking isolated workers. A new Pseudacteon species was discovered in northwestern Argentina. Seven fly species were reported for the first time on a new fire ant host in this region. Pseudacteon cultellatus Borgmeier was found for the first time on Solenopsis invicta Buren in Corrientes province in northeastern Argentina, where up to nine fly species have been found to cooccur. Males of P. tricuspis and P. obtusus were the only males normally attracted to disturbed fire ant colonies.


The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) identified precast concrete systems as the optimal wall panel system for developing more energy efficient, resilient places where people live and work. Now, the DOE, Oakridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Dow Chemical, the University of Tennessee (UT), the Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation, and the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) are collaborating on a research project that will advance the building envelope using lightweight, more energy efficient precast concrete insulated wall panels.3


Objective To investigate the effect of norepinephrine(NE) on the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2 and its action mechanism.Methods The pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2 was used in the research.The cells were randomly divided into control group,0.1μmol/L NE intervention group,1μmol/L NE intervention group and 10μmol/L NE intervention group.After intervention for 48h,Transwell invasiveness test was given to examine the changes of invasive ability of MiaPaCa-2.The expressions of MMP-2 mRNA,MMP-9 mRNA and VEGF mRNA were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR;the levels of MMP-2,MMP-9 and VEGF proteins were measured by immunocytochemical method.Results The invasive ability of MiaPaCa-2 in 1μmol/L NE intervention group and 10μmol/L NE intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.01).The levels of MMP-2,MMP-9 and VEGF mRNA and protein expression of MiaPaCa-2 in 1μmol/L NE intervention group and 10μmol/L NE intervention group were higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion NE can promote the invasiveness of MiaPaCa-2 through upregulating the expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and VEGF.


Salalah is a community situated in the southern part of Oman. Some households not having adequate electricity especially during the Al-Khareef season when tourists are attracted to the community in large numbers is one of the challenges faced by the community. The existing power supply method can be enhanced with renewable energy or hybridized renewable energy arrangement to address the electrical needs of the Salalah community. The feasibility of hybridizing photovoltaic (PV), battery, wind turbine, and standalone generator as electrical energy sources was investigated. HOMER software that analyzes system configuration was used to study the application and functional limitations of each hybridized arrangement. The result showed that the PV/Genset/Wind/battery has the lowest energy cost compared to the PV/Wind/Battery and Standalone generator energy-based arrangement. The standalone generator energy system has significant pollution compared to the other two hybridized systems. Hence, the PV/Genset/Wind/Battery system is adjudged a better candidate for the Salalah community electrification demand.


Wi-Fi-based indoor localization has drawn much attention since the last decade. However, the current Wi-Fi localization system highly depend on the demanding conditions of the environment, hindering its applications such as in shopping malls, a large, complex but profitable application scenario. To prompt the adoption of Wi-Fi localization system in shopping malls, we propose a coarse-grained Wi-Fi localization system constructed by the shops for mobile phone users at the shop level. The two objectives we pursue of the Wi-Fi localization system are the cost-efficiency, where only minimum number of access points (APs) are deployed, and incentives, where each shop is well-motivated to follow our scheme to install the APs. For the first objective, we propose a dynamic programming to compute the minimum Wi-Fi deployment scheme. For the second objective, we propose a valuation sharing scheme in cooperative game theory to balance the interest of each shop. Our results shed insight on how cost efficiency can be achieved for Wi-Fi localization system and on how to motivate agents to contribute to Wi-Fi localization system.


A three-user Gaussian multiple access channel (MAC) with encoders partially cooperating over a ring of finite-capacity uni-directional links is studied. The model is a simple extension of the classical two-user MAC with conferencing encoders. Upper and lower bounds on the maximum achievable common rate are derived. The lower bound is attained via a novel multi-layer cooperative strategy. The bounds are tight for a certain range of values of the inter-user link capacity. Numerical results are provided to corroborate the analysis.


In this work, we demonstrate that some feature descriptors, invariant to scaling, rotation, and translation, based on peaks, pits, and saddles are highly effective in registering height data. The feature descriptors are – the single relative height histogram (SHH), multiple relative height histograms (MHH), and Shape Context (SC). These feature descriptors have the advantage over SIFT that they are geometrically meaningful for height data. This allows scientists to decide which features to preserve while compressing large data sets, a task not possible using image features. We compare these feature descriptors with each other and with SIFT (using images). The results indicate that MHH and SC are most effective for data registration. MHH has the advantage that it does not need intergrid spacing information that SC requires.


The Manukau Memorial Gardens Arch is a new road bridge over a small creek to allow expansion of the cities cemetery. The project required careful attention to detail to provide a solution which considered environmental, cultural and technical issues for a sensitive location. The team consulted with a number of stakeholders including, local Maori iwi (tribe), Funeral Directors, the Community and the gardens management to develop the solution of a unique 36m span tied steel arch. It supports two traffic lanes and two cantilevered footpaths of varying width. The bridge was opened in September 2010.


ABSTRACT Soil solarization, obtained by covering soil with plastic films, is a useful practice able to reduce soil pathogen populations. Light plastic films (LPFs) are nowadays widely used especially in open and greenhouse vegetable crop cultivations in Southern Italy, as they are able to raise soil temperature more than 20°C above air temperature. The solarization treatment with LPFs is characterized by a low cost and low environmental impact. The wide use of these technique causes a concern about the side effect of solarization on soil microbial populations, which are affected the same as plant pathogens by soil heating. As scientific literature pays scant attention to the effect of soil heating on soil microbial parameters, this paper studied the effects of solarization on soil microbial biomass, soil respiration, and soil enzymatic activity in the presence of organic amendments and the soil fumigant dazomet. Solarization appears to be an effective practice able to control nematodes, even though it may cause serious stress on the soil microbial biomass. In addition, it was demonstrated that the organic amendments exert a protective role keeping soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities protected from the detrimental effect of heating.


The purpose of the study is to investigate potential of antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity study of ethanol root extract of Asparagus racemosus Linn (ASR). The antioxidant activities were evaluated using in vitro Ferric reducing power, Free radical scavenging activity by DPPH method, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, Super oxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activity and total antioxidant capacity. The anti-inflammatory potential was also evaluated using Hyaluronidase inhibition assay. The effect was compared with a known antioxidant agent (BHA/Ascorbic acid). It was found that the extract at different concentration exhibited a significant dose dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Acute toxicity study was performed in Wistar rat and an OECD guideline 423 was followed, No sign of toxicity was observed after treating with 2000 mg/kg of ASR. Keywords: Asparagus racemosus, Free radical, acute toxicity, Hyaluronidase inhibition.


The conventional acid gas removal processes from natural gas have the disadvantages of low acid gas loading capacity, high equipment corrosion rate and energy demand. In order to address these issues, the novel process based on the non-aqueous system of ethanol is simulated and proposed for first time. Simulation results showed that significant energy saving, low corrosivity and high acid gas removal are expected for the new process.


The Immune System (IS) is the main defense mechanism of higher level organisms to antigens (microscopic threats, such as viruses and bacteria). It is a very complex system, genuinely distributed and providing mechanisms of adaptation to unknown threats. The most relevant characteristics of the IS, such as learning capabilities and the possibility to tackle unknown threats in any part of the body, are a consequence of interactions among its composing parts. This paper describes a Multi-Agent Systems modeling approach to the study of interactions in the IS, adopting the Situated Cellular Agents (SCA) model. After a brief description of the IS, an overview of current modeling and simulation approaches will be given. The SCA model will be then introduced and exploited in order to model some relevant elements and mechanisms of the IS. This work is one of the results of an interdisciplinary research that has involved immunologists of the Advanced Biotechnology Center of Genova and computer scientists of the University of Milan-Bicocca.


Acceptor-doped barium zirconate-based proton conductors are currently receiving considerable attention because of their promise as electrolytes in future electrochemical devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells, but the defect chemistry, especially in regard to the local coordination environment and dynamics of protons in these materials, is unclear. Here, we investigate the local coordination environments and vibrational dynamics of protons in samples of the proton conducting material BaZr1-xMxO3Hx with M = In and Sc, and x = 0.1 and 0.5, using inelastic neutron scattering (INS), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy together with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The local coordination of protons is shown to exhibit a rather peculiar dependence on the type and concentration of dopant atoms, as they are found to be similar for BaZr1-xScxO3Hx with x = 0.1 and 0.5 and BaZr1-xInxO3Hx with x = 0.1, whereas for BaZr1-xInxO3Hx with x = 0.5 additional proton sites seem to be present. It is argued that these additional proton sites are characterized by local structural arrangements reminiscent of the fully In-substituted material BaInO3H. The presence of these local structural arrangements points toward different local proton mobilities between BaZr1-xInxO3Hx with x = 0.5 and the other three materials and a higher rate of proton transfer events in brownrnillerite-type local structures.


That the conductivity of selenium depends not only upon the illumination but also upon the voltage applied to it was discovered in 1875 by W. G. Adams, and the fact that the selenium preparation examined by Adams had a positive temperature coefficient of resistance made it very improbable that the effect was due to Joulean heat. G. M. Minchin, using aluminium electrodes, found that the conductivity increased nearly fourfold on increasing the voltage from 2 to 12 volts, and that it was approximately proportional to the voltage.


With the development of technology and information media,the way of human social interaction and information dissemination has taken a qualitative change.Visualization Age,one of the typical features of information society,has deeply impacted the way of people's life,lifestyle and thinking.Under this situation,school education has been impacted inevitably.Students' thinking style,the presentation of school curriculum and teaching methods have also been greatly affected.How to deal with these effects is the issue that contemporary educators should think of and research on.


Although the guideline for the management of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) recommends titrating the dose of beta-blockers to the maximum target dose, a high proportion of older adults with HFrEF do not receive such target doses.1–3 However, among older adults, it is still not known whether the prescribed beta-blocker doses are lower in older age groups compared to younger counterparts. Therefore, we aimed to assess the trend of beta-blocker doses in different age groups among older adults with HFrEF.


The use of database system in application increases day by day. This brought out the DBMS interconnection access problem with rapid increase of the user. To solve these database connection problem, database connection pool has been presented. However, there is much to be desired on user`s interconnection access. To improve previous connection pool architecture, we have designed the sub connection pool besides main connection pool in this paper. We defined connection pool broker to manage both main and sub connection pool connection. When main connection pool reached its limitation, connection pool broker transfers a connection from a main connection pool to a sub connection pool. When the interconnection access user increased rapidly, we have proved that the suggested sub pool architecture is more effective on response time by comparing it with other existing DBMS connection pool architectures using simulation.


Considering that yearly 50,000 juveniles are sentenced as traffic offenders, and 120,000 persons under the age of 21 are involved in road accidents as motor vehicle drivers, it is astonishing that the young traffic offender has been neglected as a scientific object. The position of the juvenile traffic offender is characterised by the merging of several specific-role and age conflicts with the initial acquisition of experience by active participation in the motorized road traffic. Accordingly, several youth-specific types and causes of accidents can be determined. These include the high rate of the under 18s involved in bicycle accidents and the proportionally high rate of accidents due to speed, which frequently happen under alcohol influence. In particular, traffic offences such as driving without a licence, culpable homicide and driving while intoxicated have increased during the last years. Problems relative to the typology of young traffic offenders leads to the differentiation between 'good' and 'bad' drivers in relation to the personality and to social characteristics such as familial atmosphere, ambition and risk potential. These attributes, however, do not offer criteria for differentiation. The willingness to comply with the rules of social life is as yet not strongly developed in juvenile traffic offenders, as is also the case with offenders in general. The sanctioning practice against young traffic offenders shows a tendency towards a more frequent application of non-institutional measures. The expectations are that the trend towards preventive measures through education and behavioural training will, at an early stage, have a more beneficial influence on the juvenile traffic offender.


The invention relates to an electrical heating moxibustion head, which is provided with a connecting device which is mutually matched and fixed with a fixing band; by the mutually matching and fixing of the connecting device and the fixing band, the moxibustion head is not supported by hands and is more convenient to treat patients; the connecting device is provided with a round of dents for being matched and fixed with button holes on the fixing band on the side periphery of the electrical heating moxibustion head; the interior of the moxibustion head is respectively provided with a heating element installation cavity for installing an electrical heating element, and a heating feedback installation cavity for installing a temperature sensor; a connecting column is internally provided with a through hole which is penetrated back and forth and is used for passing through electrical heating wires; therefore, a control system for controlling the electrical heating moxibustion head adjusts the heating temperature of the electrical heating element by the feedback of the temperature sensor so as to achieve the purpose of constant temperature; the invention also provides an automatic constant temperature hyperthermia instrument; the electrical heating moxibustion head thereof adopts the structure and is convenient to fix; and a hyperthermia instrument control system can control the heating, constant temperature and timing of the electrical heating moxibustion head.


Abstract A variety of machines are currently being used for mechanical excavation in mining and civil industries. A series of research works have been conducted at McGill University in the past decade to study the effects of microwave (MW) irradiation on rock mechanical properties. The idea is to enhance the excavation performance by improving the rate of penetration and decreasing the wear rate on the cutting tools. These two effects would eventually translate into economic benefits for mine operators. The effectiveness of MW on weakening rocks is proven, however the most efficient method to employ MW in mines is still under investigation. This article presents some experimental results on the effects of cooling- rate on rock strength. Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) of microwave treated samples were compared in natural air-cooled and water rapid-cooled conditions.


Banana is a plant that has a high economic value for human to fulfil his daily fruits need.. The antagonistic test between nine isolates Streptomyces sp. and R. solanacearum showed that the Streptomyces sp. 9 has the highest resistance (19 mm), indicating a strong inhibition and has smallest concentrations of inhibition (MIC) of 10%. The glasshouse scale test demonstrated that the Streptomyces sp. 9 culture sprayed 4 times on a different day could suppress bacterial wilt disease by 100% from 11% in control. The research was to determine molecular identification of Streptomyces sp.9 using 16S rRNA and identification of active compound by Gass Chromatography Mass Spectra (GCMS). The results showed that the molecular identified Streptomyces sp.9 as a Streptomyces capoamus. The chemical compounds which have antimicrobial are Hexadeconoic acid methyl ester, Heneicosane, Hexacosane(CAS) n-Hexacosane, Limonene, Dotriacontane and Tetracontane as antimicrobial agent. The conclusion was Streptomyces capoamus showed various bioactive compounds, which is importance as potential biocontrol on bacterial wilt disease on banana plants. There could be probably of new bioactive compounds and this also provided a new insight towards the development of good candidates for bioactive natural products.


AbstractActive leakage control (ALC) has an important place in the management and prevention of leaks in water or/and gas distribution systems. However, cost–benefit components and the amount of ec...


Three Bursaphelenchus mucronatus(Bm) isolates collected from Russia(named E2),Jiangxi Province(named JX2),Sichuan Province(named SC) were inoculated into wild 3-year-old Pinus thunbergii seedlings. Bacteria strains on the body surface of Bm were isolated from those P. thunbergii branches one month later,then identified by API /ATB bacteria identification system. A total of 28strains were determined,of which Acinetobacter lwoffii,Aeromonas hydrophila,Escherichia hermannii were 10,4,4 respectively,and the rest 10 were other bacteria strains. In bioassay,10,15,3 bacteria strains showed strong,weak and non-pathogenicity,respectively. The 16S rDNA sequence identification and analysis of representative strains including 3 strong-pathogenicity strains SC5,SC7,E211 and 2non-pathogenicity strains E25,JX23 showed that: strains SC5 was Aeromonas hydrophila,SC7 was Pseudomonas fluorescens,E211 was P. putida,E25 was Acinetobacter johnsonii,JX23 was Erwinia cypripedii. On this basis,we selected SC7 and E25 as the representative strains for field inoculation on3-year-old Pinus thunbergii seedlings. Results showed that both strong-pathogenicity bacteria strains and aseptic Bm(ABm) alone could not cause the wilting symptoms,but the pathogenic bacterial strain and ABm together resulted in pine wilt disease. It is therefore conluded that pine wilt disease resulted from the complex infection of Bm and their associated pathogenic bacteria.


Fracture Mechanics provides a theory background for failure of material and structures containing cracks. Stress intensity factor (SIF) is a key parameter in crack analysis. Because of the importance of SIF, its solutions for crack under different types of loading have been paid considerable attention. In the present study the SIF is calculated for thin metal sheet and three point bend specimen using finite element (FE) method. For the side crack in thin metal sheet, 2-D model is created in FE to calculate the SIF and this SIF is compared with that obtained by analytical method. For three point bend specimen, 3-D model is created in FE to calculate the SIF and this SIF is then compared with that obtained through experiments in the literature. The effect of thickness on the SIF is also estimated for three point bend specimen. It is also attempted here to understand crack propagation in layered materials such as composite materials, coated materials, etc. where the individual layers of materials are bonded together. For this purpose, an experiment is conducted on aluminium double cantilever beam (DCB) and results are plotted for load versus displacement. Also the simulation is carried out in FE using cohesive zone modeling (CZM) for the similar aluminium DCB, and the results are compared with these obtained through experiment.


A communication management apparatus, the data which the plurality of communication nodes connected to a network via the transmission path formed by the annular transmission management, comprising: a presence confirmation section (22) network, by sending an acknowledgment frame which there is a broadcast network, the presence of the received network acknowledgment frame, generates the network connection status information between the communication node is connected; token cyclic order determining portion (25), which determines the order of token rotation; disposed processing unit (27), which was configuration process notifies the target token rotation of each communication node in the network; a data frame communication processing unit (29) which performs data frame to achieve the token frame transmission / reception; and a wire connection management unit (24), in which the case where the ring network configuration, a port of a communication node set as invalid, so that the connection state of the network does not become cyclic.


Summary The effects of Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator (LATS) and of pituitary thyrotropin on macromolecular biosynthesis by isolated thyroid cells were measured. LATS consistently produced up to 3-fold stimulation of the incorporation of protein and RNA precursors by such thyroid cells. The stimulation was linear with time. TSH under similar conditions, on the other hand, did not exert any significant stimulation of the uptake of labeled leucine or uridine by the thyroid cells. In the presence of cyclic AMP, however, TSH stimulated the uptake of leucine up to 36% and that of uridine up to 80%. Actinomycin D at a concentration of 20 μg/ml inhibited, by 70%, the stimulatory effect of LATS on both RNA and protein synthesis. The antibiotic effect indicates that the stimulation of LATS of protein synthesis is dependent upon new RNA synthesis. The data suggest that the kinetics of the binding of LATS and of TSH to thyroid cells, as demonstrated by their subsequent effects on subcellular macromolecular synthesis, are not identical, but does not indicate whether their mechanism of action are different.


Estimation of the antimicrobial property of Tridax procumbens's leaf was carried out by the use of chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl alcohol and hexaneas solvents. Leaf extract of Tridax procumbens obtained by soxhlet extractor, using the above mentioned solvents were examined against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas vulgaris. The antimicrobial activity of Tridax procumbens performed by using agarwell diffusion method showed a result showcasing an effective limit when as opposed to Pseudomonas vulgarisfor ethyl alcohol being used as solvent for extract. In conclusion Tridax procumbens leaf extract terminates most propitious source.


Items reviewed in Shakespeare on screen section: Anthony Davies, Filming Shakespeare's Plays: The Adaptations of Laurence Olivier, Orson Welles, Peter Brook and Akira Kurosawa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, (reprinted 1994) 219 pp. $55 pb; Anthony Davies and Stanley Wells (eds), Shakespeare and the Moving Image: The Plays on Film and Television, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, (reprinted1999) 266pp. $49.95 pb; Russell Jackson (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 342 pp. $49.95 pb; Kenneth S. Rothwell, A History of Shakespeare on Screen, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. (reprinted 2001) 352 pp. $49.95 pb. In Shakespeare on stage section: John Golder and Richard Madelaine (eds), O Brave New World: Two Centuries of Shakespeare on the Australian Stage, Sydney: Currency Press, 2001. 306pp; Stanley Wells and Sarah Stanton (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 322pp, $49.95 pb. In Shakespeare in the classroom section: Rex Gibson, Shakespeare's Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge School Shakespeare series, 1997 (reprinted 2001). 152 pp, $99 pb; Rex Gibson, Stepping into Shakespeare: Practical Ways of Teaching Shakespeare to Younger Learners, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge School Shakespeare series, 2000 (reprinted 2001). 108 pp, $106 pb; Rex Gibson, Teaching Shakespeare, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge School Shakespeare series, 1998 (reprinted 2001). 258 pp, $32 pb; Rex Gibson (series editor), Shakespeare: Cambridge Student Guide Series Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 128 pp, $12.95 pb; Philip Page and Marilyn Pettit, William Shakespeare's Macbeth, London: Hodder and Stoughton, Livewire Shakespeare series, 1999. 58 pp, $14.50, pb; Philip Page and Marilyn Pettit, William Shakespeare's Macbeth: Teacher's Resource Book, London: Hodder and Stoughton, Livewire Shakespeare series, 1999. 59 pp, $49.95, pb.


L Recently R. Gupta, M. Ram Murty [2] and D. R. Heath-Brown [3] established the truth of the qualitative form of Artin's conjecture about primitive roots for a majority of rational integers. (This conjecture asserts in its weakest form that every rational integer which is neither — l nor a square is a primitive root with respect to infinitely many prime numbers.) In fact it was shown in [3] that Artin's conjecture can fail for at most two primes, at most three square-free integers exceeding l and for at most 0(logx) positive integers


The present contribution reassesses the main aspects of the epigraphic sources found in the so-called tophet in order to demonstrate how they are significant and how they undermine the funerary interpretations of these precincts. The inscriptions decisively define the tophet as a place of worship, a sanctuary where sacrifices were made to specific deities in specific rites. The epigraphic evidence combined with literary and archaeological data show how these sacrifices consisted of infants and small animals (either as substitutes or interred together), sometimes commemorated by the inscriptions themselves.


This paper surveys some of the outstanding issues and changes in the economic dimension of Soviet involvement in the non-communist Third World over the last 30 years. It attempts to identify and integrate salient features of current knowledge about Soviet economic policy toward the less developed countries. After a survey of the evolution of Soviet arms transfers and economic aid and trade relations, the paper concludes with some reflections on the effectiveness of Soviet policy and prospects for future change. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 124, 420.


An annual occurrence in Lake Burragorang is lake turnover during winter and the associated rapid water quality changes at the water supply off-takes. It is of great interest to the Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA) to better understand the mechanisms associated with this process. In the lead up to lake turnover, there are ways to forecast the timing of this event. This paper describes some of the methods that are used by the SCA plus observations regarding the general cooling of the lake and the generation of flows from cooler upper reaches. Thermal conditions in the lake are monitored by a number of thermistor chains located throughout the lake that extends, when full, approximately 50km along 2 main tributaries, and is up to 105m deep. Meteorological conditions on the lake are provided by a LDS (Lake Diagnostic System) located approximately three km from the dam wall. Lake modelling using past or forecast meteorological conditions provides indications of when winter turnover may occur. Results from these models are compared with observed thermal conditions and sampling data to enhance the confidence in model predictions. The model predicted turnover with reasonable accuracy and provided improved understanding of lake limnological processes.


To find out how you are doing on time-focused new product development ask these questions: 1. Do you know what time is worth? 2. Do you know how to sequence new product introductions? 3. Do you follow a documented new product development process? 4. Do you use numerical methods to compute duration? 5. Do you use a database to manage each new product effort in real-time?.<<ETX>>


This presentation situates electrochemical accumulators compared to other chemical energy storage. The performances of the different available technologies are presented and a focus is done on Lithium ion accumulator performances and management. The evolutions of some large scale applications and of the level of cost for these markets are detailed.


Successfully developing a new product, service, or production process for commercial purposes involves complex and dynamic changes, and therefore requires an organizational climate that fosters innovation. In this sense, the means by which knowledge is created and exploited in the firm constitute its key competence and the source of its innovation capabilities. The research objective was to establish the relationship between organizational climate and innovation capability. The sample consisted of 102 Colombian new technology-based firms. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLSpredict were used for the statistical analysis. The results indicate that the organizational climate positively and directly influences the innovation capability (organizational ambidexterity, exploration, and exploitation). The findings obtained will help firms, especially those that require a lot of knowledge and carry out their activities in dynamic environments, to understand how organizational climate influences innovation capability, which is understood through the dimensions of exploration, exploitation, and organizational ambidexterity. This will provide new technology-based firms with a higher capacity to adapt to the conditions of uncertainty and complexity of the environment.


The effect of emulsion distortion on measurements of Coulomb multiscattering is discussed, and criteria for choosing the length of the cells for various cases are given. An attempt is made to use a measuring method for small cells (center-of-mass method) to reduce the effect of noise in the high energy region, and satisfactory results are obtained. The method of highest difference of coordinates was combined with the method for small cells, and results in agreement with experiment were obtained. The method of highest difference of coordinates effectively removes distortion and may be used for measuring oblique tracks. (tr-auth)


Results are given on an investigation of stochastic approximation procedures of the Robbins-Monro type. Attention is focused on formal methods for selecting successive values of a single treatment variable for a specific case in sequential experimentation. Empirical results obtained by means of Monte Carlo methods are used to compare several formal stochastic approximation techniques and stopping rules. Marked differences were found between the five approximation procedures studied. A procedure using afinite memory performed most effectively. Two procedures suggested in the literature were judged to be inefficient under various conditions.


The purpose of this study are (1) To describe the application of movie learning strategies to learning class IV UPT SPF SD Negeri III Sudirman Kecamatan Ujung Pandang Kota Makassar. (2) To describe the picture of learning motivation in student's class IV UPT SPF SD Negeri III Sudirman Kecamatan Ujung Pandang Kota Makassar. (3) To find out whether there is an influence of the application of movie learning strategies on student learning motivation class IV UPT SPF SD Negeri III Sudirman Kecamatan Ujung Pandang Kota Makassar. The method is  experimental research using quasi-experimental design and quantative approaches.  The population in this study was all class IV UPT SPF SD Negeri III Sudirman Kecamatan Ujung Pandang Kota Makassar with a total of 53 students, while the sample was students of the IVA class as an experimental class with 27 students and class IVB as a control class with 26 students. The research data was obtained by providing a learning motivation questionnaire in the form of pre-test and post-test as well as an observation sheet for the implementation of movie learning strategies. Data analysis techniques are descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis with the help of the IMB SPSS statistics version program. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of movie learning strategies can increase student learning motivation class students IV UPT SPF SD Negeri Sudirman III Kecamatan Ujung Pandang Kota Makassar.


The influence of surface active substances on the gas−liquid interfacial area in bubble contactors has been confirmed in previous works. The aim of the present study is analyzing the effect of the surfactant characteristics (in relation to the chain length of the hydrophobic zone) on the gas−liquid interfacial area using a bubble column as a contactor, as well as the behavior of different, commonly employed methods for the gas−liquid interfacial area determination. Two different methods for the gas−liquid area determination have been employed, and important differences between the values calculated by each method have been found. The discrepancies were assigned to different phenomena existing in this kind of systems, caused by the presence of surfactants at the gas−liquid interface. The experimental results obtained in this work under different operational conditions confirm that the chemical method contributes to higher values of interfacial area than the photographic method at low values of surfactant c...


care facility has at some point either joined or established a health maintenance organization (HMO). Many have also explored other avenues of managed care, such as preferred provider organizations (PPOs). MCOs are now an integral part of the U.S. healthcare delivery system. But what do MCOs mean to the typical employee assistance program (EAP)? What do the two have in common and how can they best work together? We intend to report to our readers on the continuing evolution of the vast arena of employee benefits programs. Generally, we will dis-


In this paper, we propose a measurement method to measure the energy distribution of the two-coil WPT-MRC system. We layer the energy transfer space, measure the load voltage of the receiver at the sampling point of each layer to obtain the energy distribution of the transmitter in space, and then establish a transmission model from the transmitter to the single receiver. We analyze the energy distribution of the transmitter in the transmission space by 3-D view and contour map. The area where the receiver overlaps with the single transmitter increases, the energy obtained increases. The receiver obtains the maximum energy at the area where the receiver is facing a single transmitter or the receiver is located at the center of symmetry of the transmitter array. At close range, the energy reaches a local minimum when the receiver is facing a single transmitter.


Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses current international regulations governing man-made noise in marine environment. Systematization of normative documents issued by a number of international classification societies, as well as of the documents released by the international organization dealing with life safety of marine ecosystems highlighted the necessity for the Russian Federation to develop a similar regulatory basis of its own. This paper is a review of international standards and rules for man-made underwater noise, as well as of current international programs dealing with research, regulation and control of man-made underwater noise. Materials and methods. This paper is based on KSRC-developed methodical materials, international standards for underwater noise, as well as available publications in this sphere, both Russian and foreign. The study followed the methods of system analysis. Main results. Systematization of the data on current regulations for underwater noise of various ships, like cargo carriers, research vessels, seismic survey ships and fishing craft. The study concludes that Russia needs a similar regulatory basis that would cover offshore drilling rigs (both wildcat and production), underwater mining systems and subsea pipelines, large ships with high ice class, icebreakers and icebreaker-led caravans, as well as port infrastructure along Northern Sea Route lanes. Conclusion. To develop its own regulatory basis intended to set out the rules for man-made underwater noise, Russia needs a wide-scale systematic research campaign that would tackle the sources of man-made underwater noise at each lifecycle stage of any marine technology. This systematic research would pave way to a scientifically justified regulations for underwater noise of marine industrial facilities, shipping and port infrastructure.


Abstract A method for estimating the ED50 (ED = effective dose) of a toxic substance for chemical pest control is presented, for which access to computing facilities is not necessary. It is therefore thought to be of particular value for workers in developing countries. The ED50 measure of toxicity is statistically the median of the dose‐tolerance distribution of the pest species for a particular substance, and is usually calculated by probit or logit analysis. The accuracy of the proposed rapid method is discussed in terms of the analysis of real data and by computer simulation.


We consider localized anomalies in six dimensional Zn orbifolds. We give a very simple expression for the contribution of a bulk fermion to the fixed point gauge anomaly that is independent of the order n of the orbifold twist. We show it can be split into three terms, two of which are canceled by bulk fermions and Green-Schwarz four forms respectively. The remaining anomaly carries an integer coefficient and hence can be canceled by localized fermions in suitable representations. We present various examples in the context of supersymmetric theories. Also we point out that the six-dimensional gravitational symmetries generally have localized anomalies that require localized four-dimensional fields to transform nontrivially under them.


ABSTRACT Through a project jointly funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), the Hazardous Material Response and Assessmen...


To the Editor:— You may have had a number of letters about the article by C. R. Treadway, MD, and A. J. Prange, Jr., MD, "Tetanus Mimicking Psychophysiologic Reaction: Occurrence After Dental Extraction" ( 200 :891, 1967). I am sure many readers will share my reservations. The patient had a long history of neurotic symptoms and for five years had complained of intermittent stiffness of the muscles of her jaw, neck, back, and legs, for which no organic basis could be demonstrated. She had been treated by several physicians for nerves, tension, and headache. Acute symptoms developed after tooth extraction, with pain and muscular soreness on the same side as the extraction. With the patient's increasing difficulty in swallowing and in opening her mouth, tetanus was diagnosed and treated accordingly. Actual trismus and classical muscle spasm was not described. It may be improper to challenge the diagnosis of the physician who


Laser flash photolysis of alkylphenyldiazomethanes in the presence of pyridine produces easily detected ylides. The data indicate that photolysis of alkylphenyldiazomethanes leads to both carbene formation and direct formation of rearrangement products which do not derive from relaxed carbene intermediates


A new type of microwave filter is presented in which resonance occurs in the form of a traveling wave rather than in the conventional form of a standing wave. This device is a constant-resistance circuit, and therefore presents a very low input vswr. Formulas for loaded Q and insertion loss are given. Experimental results verify the theoretical approach. This filter, which is constructed of a transmission-line loop and two directional couplers, finds application in multiplexing filters as well as in matched band-pass and band-rejection filters.


The Bodh approach to primary education in India focuses on community and parental involvement, including home visits by teachers, training of community women to be para-teachers for preschools, and parent-teacher meetings. The curriculum is activity-oriented, incorporates a flexible age/grade matrix, and includes culturally relevant experiences. Planning and documentation include annual teacher planning workshops, daily teacher journals, and frequent training workshops. This project adapted the Bodh educational approach for selected Indian government primary schools, provided training to government teachers, and developed a teachers' initiative to design, develop, and implement the curriculum. The project conducted action research to document the efforts. Findings indicated that teacher turnover was high due primarily to marriage and family needs. The preschool program has effectively used community-based human resources and has fulfilled the project objective of implementing a low-cost, community-based preschool in urban slums. The curriculum has made good use of traditional languages/dialects, games, songs, and stories. A locally appropriate training approach respects the needs of teacher trainees. Implementation of the program in 10 government schools is in the pilot phase--agreements have been reached with the government officials, teachers have been recruited and trained, and the program has been started in two classes. The program is being adapted for the government school environment and has involved working with several levels of bureaucracy to gain allies to break down resistance to change. (Includes recommendations regarding Bodh initiatives, the slum schools, the adoption program, Bodh as an organization, training, and necessary research studies.) (KB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography (GC) an d high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the soluble carbohydrates were identified as D-chiro-inositol (DCI), fructose, glucose, sorbitol, myo-inositol, sucrose, ethyl-β-rutinoside and two unknown substances in the extracts of different milling fractions of Fagopyrum tataricum seeds. Th e types of carbohydrates in different milling fractions (hull, bran, outer flour and inner flour) were similar. The mass fractions of DCI, existing in free sta te, were 0004%, 0334%, 0230%, 0050% and 0158% in hull, bran, outer flo ur, inner flour and whole flour, respectively. After the extracts were passed t hrough strong anionic and cationic exchange resins, reducing sugars, sucrose and unknown substance 1 were retained and the elutes contained mainly tartary fagop yritols, including DCI, sorbitol, myo-inositol, ethyl-β-rutinoside and u nknown substance 2. The recoveries of DCI varied from 7652% to 10063%.


Summary.  Background:  Epidemiological findings suggest an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and venous thrombo‐embolism. Objectives:  To investigate arterial vs. venous thrombosis, inflammation and coagulation in mice, (sub)acutely exposed to two types of PM. Methods:  Various doses (25, 100 and 200 μg per animal) of urban particulate matter (UPM) or diesel exhaust particles (DEP) were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled in C57Bl6/n mice and several endpoints measured at 4, 10 and 24 h. Mice were also repeatedly exposed to 100 μg per animal on three consecutive days with endpoints measured 24 h after the last instillation. Results:  Exposure to 200 μg per mouse UPM enhanced arterial thrombosis, but neither UPM nor DEP significantly enhanced venous thrombosis. Both types of PM induced dose‐dependent increases in broncho‐alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total cell numbers (mainly neutrophils) and cytokines (IL‐6, KC, MCP‐1, RANTES, MIP‐1α), with peaks at 4 h and overall higher values for UPM than for DEP. Systemic inflammation was limited to increased serum IL‐6 levels, 4 h after UPM. Both types of PM induced similar and dose‐dependent but modest increases in factor (F)VII, FVIII and fibrinogen. Three repeated instillations did not or only modestly enhance the proinflammatory and procoagulant status. Conclusions:  Compared with DEP, UPM induced more pronounced pulmonary inflammation, but both particle types triggered similar and mild short‐term systemic effects. Hence, acute exposure to PM triggers activation of primary hemostasis in the mouse, but no substantial secondary hemostasis activation, resulting in arterial but not venous thrombogenicity.


Fas is a Type I membrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor family. On binding to Fas ligand, a Type II transmembrane protein, the Fas/Fas ligand complex, induces apoptosis in target cells. Dysregulation of Fas and Fas ligand expression has been found in some malignant neoplasms.


The introduction of software methodological issues, including correctness and structure, into the undergraduate curriculum is aided by the availability of software projects which are not overwhelmi...


In North of Vietnam, culture-based fisheries and small scale aquaculture is often constrained by the lack of suitably sized seed stock. Although large amounts of fry are produced there is dearth of fingerlings for stocking purposes, thereby inducing fry to be stocked for aquaculture and culturebased fisheries. The present experiments were instigated to evaluate the feasibility of using cage culture technology, in large reservoirs, for fry to fingerling rearing. The paper describes the results of experiments conducted in Thac Ba and Nui Coc reservoirs, in northern Vietnam, in 1997 to 1999, on the rearing of carp species. The technical, economical and environmental feasibility of fry to fingerling rearing in large reservoirs were evaluated based on experiments conducted using a randomised block design, in bamboo and net cages, when the optimal stocking density, feeding regime and cage type were determined. Water quality parameters were investigated in and outside the cages to evaluate the influence of cage culture on reservoir water quality. Finally, the data were used to determine the economic feasibility of cage rearing of fry to fingerling in large reservoirs. THE NORTHERN mid-highland region of Viet Nam has 1705 reservoirs with an acreage of 65 629 ha, representing 69% and 36% of the total number and acreage, respectively in Viet Nam. The development of reservoir fisheries in mountain areas is also expected to generate new avenues of employment and provide an additional source of income to displaced persons who have lost their livelihood due to impoundment of larger reservoir (ACIAR 1997). In the north of Vietnam, culture-based fisheries and small-scale aquaculture are often constrained by the lack of suitably sized seed stock. Although there is a large quantity of fry of cultured species, in particular carp species produced in north Vietnam, fingerling production has lagged behind due to economic and land constraints. Consequently, most aquaculture and culture-based fishery activities are dependent on fry for stocking purposes, resulting in higher losses during transportation and during culture. The advantages of cage rearing are well known. Cage rearing uses utilise existing water bodies, are easy to harvest and enable fish to use the natural productivity of water bodies, such as reservoirs (Phuong 1998). However, the nursing of fry to fingerling stage in large reservoirs has not been carried out before in the mid-highlands of Northern Vietnam. Therefore, this study was conducted between 1997–1999 with the following objectives: • to assess the environmental effects of nursing fry in cages; • to determine a suitable type of feed, type of cage and stocking density; and • to evaluate the economic feasibility of rearing fry to the fingerling stage in cages. Materials and Methods The experiments were conducted in Thac ba reservoir, and Nui coc reservoirs in Yen Bai Thai Nguyen provinces, respectively, in the mid-highland region of Northern Vietnam, between July 1997 and November 1999.


The crystal structure of the new quaternary compound Na8Cu4Nb2S21 consists of infinite double chains of corner-sharing CuS4 tetrahedra. A terminal atom of a S52- anion, the two terminal atoms of the S32- unit, and S2- anions are at the corners of the CuS4 polyhedra. The connection of the CuS4 tetrahedra leads to the formation of two different Cu−S heterorings. The NbS4 and CuS4 tetrahedra share common edges. The double chains are separated by Na+ cations.


Internet communities are a typical space for knowledge creation and use on the Internet as people discuss their common interests within the internet communities. When we define 'Knowledge Communities' as internet communities that are related to knowledge creation and use, they are categorized into 4 different types such as 'Search Engine,' 'Open Communities,' 'Specialty Communities,' and 'Activity Communities.' Each type of knowledge community does not remain the same, for example. Rather, it changes with time and is also affected by the external business environment. Therefore, it is critical to develop processes for practical use of such changeable knowledge communities. Yet there is little research regarding a strategic framework for knowledge communities as a source of knowledge creation and use. The purposes of this study are (1) to find factors that can affect knowledge creation and use for each type of knowledge community and (2) to develop a strategic framework for practical use of the knowledge communities. Based on previous research, we found 7 factors that have considerable impacts on knowledge creation and use. They were 'Fitness,' 'Reliability,' 'Systemicity,' 'Richness,' 'Similarity,' 'Feedback,' and 'Understanding.' We created 30 different questions from each type of knowledge community. The questions included common sense, IT, business and hobbies, and were uniformly selected from various knowledge communities. Instead of using survey, we used these questions to ask users of the 4 representative web sites such as Google from Search Engine, NAVER Knowledge iN from Open Communities, SLRClub from Specialty Communities, and Wikipedia from Activity Communities. These 4 representative web sites were selected based on popularity (i.e., the 4 most popular sites in Korea). They were also among the 4 most frequently mentioned sitesin previous research. The answers of the 30 knowledge questions were collected and evaluated by the 11 IT experts who have been working for IT companies more than 3 years. When evaluating, the 11 experts used the above 7 knowledge factors as criteria. Using a stepwise linear regression for the evaluation of the 7 knowledge factors, we found that each factors affects differently knowledge creation and use for each type of knowledge community. The results of the stepwise linear regression analysis showed the relationship between 'Understanding' and other knowledge factors. The relationship was different regarding the type of knowledge community. The results indicated that 'Understanding' was significantly related to 'Reliability' at 'Search Engine type', to 'Fitness' at 'Open Community type', to 'Reliability' and 'Similarity' at 'Specialty Community type', and to 'Richness' and 'Similarity' at 'Activity Community type'. A strategic framework was created from the results of this study and such framework can be useful for knowledge communities that are not stable with time. For the success of knowledge community, the results of this study suggest that it is essential to ensure there are factors that can influence knowledge communities. It is also vital to reinforce each factor has its unique influence on related knowledge community. Thus, these changeable knowledge communities should be transformed into an adequate type with proper business strategies and objectives. They also should be progressed into a type that covers varioustypes of knowledge communities. For example, DCInside started from a small specialty community focusing on digital camera hardware and camerawork and then was transformed to an open community focusing on social issues through well-known photo galleries. NAVER started from a typical search engine and now covers an open community and a special community through additional web services such as NAVER knowledge iN, NAVER Cafe, and NAVER Blog. NAVER is currently competing withan activity community such as Wikipedia through the NAVER encyclopedia that provides similar services with NAVER encyclopedia's users as Wikipedia does. Finally, the results of this study provide meaningfully practical guidance for practitioners in that which type of knowledge community is most appropriate to the fluctuated business environment as knowledge community itself evolves with time.


This paper designs an apparatus with PLC and HMI to innovate YL56 Bottle Washing Machine,monitoring the process and the effectiveness of bottle washing,in order to increase the production and improve the quality of products.


Diazo Compounds. 72. Diazoalkylphosphanes – Synthesis by Electrophilic Diazoalkane Substitution and Oxidative Addition Reactions at Phosphorus

Electrophilic diazoalkane substitution of the diazomethyl compounds 1a,b with the chloro phosphanes 2a-o in the presence of lithium diethylamide yields the diazoalkyl phosphanes 3a-z. Oxidative addition of oxygen, sulfur and selenium at phosphorus leads into the series of oxo, thioxo and selenoxo phosphanes having diazoalkyl substituents (4a-d, 5a-m and 7a-d). The silyl group of 5n,o is cleaved by chromatography on aluminium oxide to yield the (diazomethyl)phosphane sulfides 6a,b.


The triisocyanide ligand CH3C(CH2NC)3 reacts with Cr-(CO)5(THF) depending on the stoichiometry to give the complexes CH3C(CH2NC)x[CH2NC—Cr(CO)5]3-x (x=1, 2). The complex CH3C(CH2NC)2[CH2NC — Cr(CO)5] has been characterized by an X-ray structure analysis allowing a direct comparison of the bonding parameters of coordinated and noncoordinated isocyanide ligands in the same molecule.


The experiences of women postgraduates in engineering are examined. Factors such as family responsibilities which are more likely to affect women than men are discussed. Statistics on enrolments of postgraduate and undergraduate male and female engineering students in Australia are presented. Recommendations on women engineers and women postgraduates as stated in a number of government publications are highlighted and the contradictions between these and the conditions of government funded scholarships pointed out.


The relaxing activity of Croton reflexifolius H.B.K (Euphorbiaceae) leaves was assessed in isolated guinea pig tracheal rings. The dichloromethane extract of C. reflexifolius was the most active relaxant (EC50 = 118.98 ± 5.927 μ g/mL), and within this extract polyalthic acid was identified as the main active relaxing agent. Polyalthic acid showed a relaxing effect on tracheal rings precontracted with carbachol (EC50 = 183.71 ± 3.28 μM), histamine (6.24 ± 0.28 μM), and KCl (195.79 ± 10.36 μM). The pretreatment with polyalthic acid did not affect the concentration response curve to histamine, and it reduced the Emax of carbachol without affecting its EC50, thus suggesting that polyalthic acid produces a mild antimuscarinic activity. In addition, neither glibenclamide, l-NAME nor propranolol modified the effect of polyalthic acid, although the latter enabled isoproterenol activity. In conclusion, this study represents the first in which the relaxing effect of C. reflexifolius on tracheal rings of guinea pig was clearly demonstrated. Polyalthic acid, which was the main active agent in this relaxing action, produced a mild antimuscarinic activity in a noncompetitive manner. Its relaxing effect was independent of the contractile agent employed and was not related with β -adrenergic receptors, K channels, or nitric oxide. Further experiments are needed to clarify the mechanism of action of polyalthic acid.


Cold stress is one of the limiting factors of plant production that plants use different mechanisms for cold tolerance. CBF genes play critical role to regulate the cold responsive genes. To better understand of CBF gene functions, the tomato-CBFs and Arabidopsis-CBFs were evaluated using bioinformatics tools, and finally the expression patterns of SlCBF1 gene were analyzed under 10 and 4 ̊C in two contrasting tomato species (Solanum lycopersicum and S. habrochaites). The different cis regulatory elements were observed in promoter region of SlCBF1 and AtCBF1 genes, and ICE1, COR and HOS1 proteins exhibited high interaction with CBFs. The results of Real time PCR of SlCBF1 exhibited that under 10 and 4  ̊C, SlCBF1 was down regulated in cold sensitive tomato genotype while it was slightly up-regulated in cold tolerant genotype at 4  ̊C. The results showed that the SlCBF1 and AtCBF1 genes have differential expression in cold stress.


A yeast strain Y-5 identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae with good aroma-producing capability was successfully isolated from soil in pear garden.Besides,its physiological properties were determined as follows: the optimum growth temperature at 36 ℃ and the best pH value as 4.5.Temperature and inoculation quantity had evident effects on Y-5 growth and fermentation diagram.However,pH value had few effects on growth and fermentation diagram.


Based on extensive research conducted previously, a new design of postage stamp, with double image, visible and infrared, has been carried out and proposed with the innovative CMYKIR technology. This paper deals with the display of two graphics in a wide spectrum from 400 to 1000 nm. Due to limited physical space and dimensions of the postage stamp, different graphics are algorithmically mixed and printed as one image on the same sheet. Two images are detected with infrared camera. This technique enables richer graphics on stamps, cleaner design and adequate level of protection. Methods of design and processing of such images are extended and their composition is adjusted for application on postage stamp. In this study, we have introduced CMYK channels of the new graphic which contains one visible and one infrared portrait. In processing of RGB input image, the method of desaturation is applied which occurs in the separation of parts of the portraits that have similar tones of color. This function is introduced because it raises the level of grayness for achieving a certain degree of optimization of the contrast of input graphics, enabling and enhancing the results in the CMYKIR separation.


Purpose After branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), the retinal territory affected by the occlusion becomes hypoxic and the arterioles crossing this territory are often constricted. The purpose of the current experimental animal study is to investigate the effect of intravitreal juxta‐arteriolar microinjection of L‐lactate on the retinal arteriolar diameter following acute BRVO in minipigs.


The crystal and molecular structures of bis-(zc-cyclopentadienyl)diisothiocyanatotitanium(IV) [Imma, a= 13.58 (1), b = 8.14 (1), c= 11.81 (1) /~, Z = 4, R= 5.8 %] and bis-(rc-cyclopentadienyl)maleonitriledithiolatotitanium(IV) [P21/n, a= 13.35 (1), b=6"88 (1), c= 15.38 (1) ,~, ,8= 105.6 (1) °, Z=4 , R= 4"4%] have been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffractometer data. In these compounds the structures consist of discrete molecules in which two cyclopentadienyls are z~-bonded to titanium in a bent arrangement. Coordination is completed by two tr ligands (X). A comparison of the data of the present analyses and those reported in the literature shows that, in the case of chelating ligands, the angle X-M-X is independent of the electron occupancy, but is influenced by the M-X distances and the 'bite' distance. In the isothiocyanato derivative the two cyclopentadienyls have eclipsed conformations; in the maleonitriledithiolato derivative the conformation of the rings is midway (neither staggered nor eclipsed).


ABSTRACT This paper presents a new control scheme for the ac-dc-ac nine-switch converter (NSC) with induction motor operated at constant frequency. The NSC at constant frequency operates optimally and its application for induction motor drive with re-active power compensation is proposed. In industries for various applications, induction motors are operated at constant frequency but at different loading conditions. These motors are operated at lagging power factor. The power distribution company demands high power factor operation and it gives benefits to consumer on operating a system closer to unity. In this paper, a control scheme is proposed to operate NSC drive at unity as well as at leading power factor with sinusoidal input current. The independent active–reactive power control technique is developed. The input–output active power relation is developed such that with the change in load, output active power matches input active power without affecting dc-link voltage. This results in faster dynamic response as compared to conventional dc-link balancing control techniques. With the proposed control scheme, the NSC is operated at desired leading power factor to compensate reactive power at point of common coupling. The simulation and experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.


Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of a low-dose contrast medium protocol for 64-slice CT angiography (CTA) of head using a low-tube-voltage setting.

Methods
①Phantom study: 64-slice spiral CT respectively sets 80,100,120,140 k V and 100,200,300,400,500 and 600 m A as scanning parameter lines.Analysis of the best Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and contrast to noise ratios (CNR).②Clinical study: to prospectively continuous select sixty-six patients with suspected intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation and so on from April to October of 2012 to perform hand CTA inspection.The random number table method for A,B two groups,33 patients in each group.Group A (conventional group) scanning parameters:120 k V,400 m A and amount of contrast agent: 1 ml/kg; Group B (test group) scanning parameters:80 k V,600 m A,amount of contrast agent 0.5 ml/kg.Using independent samples t test for each group radiation dose,SNR,CNR were statistically analyzed.By two experienced radiologists to 5 points on two groups of image quality subjective evaluation.Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of subjective evaluation.

Results
Group A and B group CTDIvol respectively is 59.1,27.5 m Gy.Group B than in group A,CTDIvol decreased by 53.5%.A,B groups of the SNR,CNR were 71.5±10.7,92.0±7.4; 58.5±10.5,79.6±7.7,Group B than in group A SNR,CNR were enhanced by 22.3%,26.4%,differences were statistics significance (t=584.0,388.6,P<0.01).The subjective image evaluation of group B was bigher than group A (Z=31.2,23.4,P<0.05),differences were statistics significance.Two physicians on CTA images to assess the consistency of uniform height (Kappa=0.904,P<0.05).

Conclusion
In the head CTA examination,use of low tube voltage combined with low contrast dose not only can improve the image quality but also radiation dose were significantly lower.

Key words:
Tomography,X-ray computed; Radiation dosage; Comparative study


In Totonacan languages, the verbal prefix /laa‐/ 'recip' occurs on transitive and ditransitive verbs to mark a reciprocal relation between a subject and a direct or indirect object. In many of the languages, this prefix also occurs on regular, nonreciprocal verbs to mark subject/object combinations involving only local (first‐ or second‐person) participants. This paper describes the distribution of the prefix /laa‐/ 'recip' in Totonacan languages and explains this distribution in both reciprocal and nonreciprocal contexts on the basis of its semantics. We argue that /laa‐/ is historically a reciprocal morpheme which signals that the individual members of a group perform more than one thematic role in a transitive or ditransitive relation. It is this common reciprocal function that unites the diverse uses of /laa‐/ 'recip' in Totonacan and provides the basis for the extension of this prefix into other, nonreciprocal domains.


A series of isostructural compounds, {[Ni2(DBIBA)3]·(BF4)·6H2O}n (1), {[Ni2(DBIBA)3]·(ClO4)·3H2O}n (2), {[Ni2(DBIBA)3]·(NO3)·3H2O}n (3), {[Ni2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·C2H5OH}n (4) {[Co2(DBIBA)3]·(ClO4)·3H2O}n (5), {[Co2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·3C2H5OH}n (7), {[Co2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·3DMF}n (8), {[Co2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·3CH3COCH3·7H2O}n (9), and {[Mn2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·3DMF·3H2O}n (10), have been afforded via anion and solvent exchanges of previously reported coordination polymers {[Ni2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·18H2O}n, {[Co2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·9H2O}n, and {[Mn2(DBIBA)3]·Cl·3H2O}n (DBIBA = 5-di(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)benzoate). Anion-exchanged compounds including {[Co2(DBIBA)3]·(NO3)·3H2O}n (6) have also been synthesized under solvothermal conditions by employing metal salts and the corresponding acid hydrolysis of the cyanide functional group of 5-di(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl) benzonitrile (DBIBN). These structures are obtained with retaining crystallinity, and only insignificant changes are observed in bond lengths and bond angles involving the metal ion. However, n...


This paper discusses a number of issues centred around the evaluation of the benefits and costs of transport. It is argued that, for various reasons, transport cannot be treated as an 'ordinary' economic sector, and in the paper the policy implications of a number of the sector's peculiarities are addressed. Both efficiency aspects and considerations of equity and social feasibility of policies are dealt with.


We present the results of monitoring investigations of agrogenic temporary transformation of humus parameters, volume weight, total nitrogen and phosphorus in the arable horizon of dark chestnut carbonate light argillaceous and heavy argillo-arenaceous soils in the transition from the deep subsurface to shallow minimum tillage and direct seeding. We carried out monitoring investigations of agrogenic soil transformation in the dry steppe zone on arable lands of Akmola region, which were represented by 10 permanent ecological plots. We analyzed soils according to the following types and methods: humus by Tyurin in Simakov''s modification, total nitrogen by Kjeldahl, total phosphorus by Ginsburg and bulk density by Kachinskii. At present, dark-chestnut soils in the dry steppe have a pronounced tendency to deterioration of physical properties of soils in the transition to minimal tillage and direct seeding and in this case, the equilibrium density in the 10-25 cm layer goes often in a strong degree of compaction and reaches 1.45 g/cm 3, which ultimately leads to reduced grain yields. Grain yields decrease with bulk density increasing, which shows a close relationship of productivity of agricultural crops with soil density. Quantitative evaluation of changes in the humus and the total phosphorus in the upper horizon of dark chestnut arable soils shows the unevenness of its distribution in the arable horizon during the soil processing transition from deep subsurface tillage to minimum tillage or direct seeding. In terms of time dark-chestnut carbonate light argillaceous and heavy argillo-arenaceous soils there is a tendency to a decrease in the arable horizon percentage of humus, total nitrogen, and, to a lesser extent, total phosphorus. Traditional humus content of subsurface soils in the arable horizon in the layers 0-10 cm and 10-25 cm is approximately in equal quantitative terms, while, minimizing processing, there is some inhibition of organic matter mineralization in the layer 0-10 cm and ranges from 1,93% to 2,98%, as in 2003-2006 and in 2011-2013. In the 10-25 cm layer, during a long absence of mixing in the soil, while minimizing processing, we noticed a decrease in humus from 1,892,90% in 2003-2006 to 1,54-2,71% in 2011-2013. We observed the same trend with the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the 10-25cm layer and during a comparative analysis of data for 2003-2006 and 2011-2013 the reduction was 0,010,02%. We conclude that soils in the dry steppe zone of Kazakhstan experience intense human pressure in the transition to a smaller minimum and zero tillage of heavy granulometric soils, which leads to even greater soil degradation and pronounced separation of the arable horizon in humus percentage and other parameters of soils productivity.


Objective:A new chromatographic system was established for determination of rufloxacin hydrochloride by RP-HPLC.Methods:The analytical column was shim-pack ODS(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)and the mobile phase consisted of phosphoric acid solution(phosphoric acid of 6.8mL was added to 1000mL of water and the pH was adjusted to 2.5±0.02 with triethylamine)-acetonitrile(80:20).The flow rate was 1.0mL/min.The detection wavelength was 246nm.Results:The calibration curve was linear in the range from 10μg/mL to 80μg/mL with r=0.99999.The average recovery from sample was 100.1% (RSD was 0.37%).Conclusion:The method is simple,sensitive,reproducible and accurate.


A preferable atomic absorption spectrophotometric method has been established for trace determination of copper(I) via extraction of its ion-associated complex with 3-(4-phenyl-2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and tetraphenylborate into molten naphthalene. The optimum pH range for the extraction is 1.6–8.2. Solid naphthalene containing the copper(I) complex is separated by filtration and dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide. The absorbance is measured at 324.7 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 2.5–80 μg of copper in 10 cm3 N,N-dimethylformamide solution. Ten repeat analyses on a sample containing 35 μg of copper give a mean absorbance of 0.205 with a standard deviation of 0.0017 and a relative standard deviation of 0.83%. The method has been successfully applied to determination of copper in standard reference materials and biological samples.


This research project aims to determine the solution of school conflicts for that reason the following objective was raised: Diagnose school conflicts and their impact on the personality of students of the Educational Unit "Perez Pallares" in Chimbacalle parish, Quito Canton , it is necessary to emphasize that school violence, Bullying, verbal aggressions are factors that have changed the behavior of adolescents, that is to say that emotions, feelings and personality become clear when facing situations of this nature. This project is important because it was possible to base aspects related to school conflicts and at the same time collect information through descriptive research which systematically analyzed the problem presented in the educational institution, while the deductive method helped to select valuable information throughout the investigative process, the technique that was applied was the survey that allowed gathering information and identifying important data of the aspects that generated said problem, for after the analysis and discussion detailing conclusions and recommendations focused on the subject, finally the impact is of a social nature and training because it is aimed at knowing aspects that generate the solution of school conflicts.


With the in-depth development of urban and rural economic construction in China, the urban planning system has gradually changed. In view of this problem, this paper has conducted in-depth research. First, it analyzes the urban and rural planning right from two aspects: the historical development of urban and rural planning right and the natural state of urban and rural planning right ownership. Then it studies the current allocation system of urban and rural planning right in China from four aspects: formulation, implementation, modification, supervision and inspection of urban and rural planning, and analyzes the current situation of practice in combination with the main problems exposed in the practice of urban and rural planning right in China. Secondly, according to the historical development context, this paper studies the development process of "multi compliance" in various places, focusing on the analysis of the main reasons for China's "multi compliance" reform and the institutional causes of "multi compliance" problems. Thirdly, it analyzes the principles and influencing factors of the allocation of urban and rural planning rights under the background of "multi compliance", and makes an exploratory study for the specific allocation system design.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relate to medicine, namely to methods and devices for mapping. Mapping method includes stages which apply probe which has distal end with distal tip and electrode. Probe is made with possibility of introduction into subject's body and contains sensor of contact effort. Sensor of contact effort contains position sensor and contact effort sensor. Contact effort sensor contains position sensor and magnetic field transmitter. Distal tip is made with possibility of determining tissue electric activity. After that, contact of distal probe tip with subject's body cavity is provided; signals by position sensor and magnetic transmitter of contact effort, which shows pressure, applied to tissue by distal tip, are generated; probe is moved into multitude of locations in body cavity; signals from position sensor are received and coordinates of probe distal end position are determined, signals from position sensor, measured by probe in respective locations inside subject's body cavity are received; deviation of distal tip as indicator of pressure, produced on tissue by distal tip, is measured in each of respective locations; and respective quantity of contact between probe and tissue in body cavity in each of respective locations is determined. After that, inlet signals, for which respective quantity of contact is beyond the limits of specified range, are deviated; points of reflection, including coordinate, read by position sensor, and electric signal from electrode, which show electric tissue activity, is realised; map of body cavity is created or updated with application of points of reflection for signals which have not been deviated. EFFECT: application of invention provides obtaining exact data in the process of electromapping, as well as reduction of trauma of body cavity walls in the course of performing operation. 18 cl, 3 dwg