NOVEL ANALOGS OF m-CHLOROPHENYLGUANIDINE AS 5-HT3 RECEPTOR LIGANDS By Katie Elizabeth Alix A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Major Director: Małgorzata Dukat, Associate Professor Department of Medicinal Chemistry Serotonin receptors play a variety of functional roles in the body. Some indications and treatment claims for one of the classes of serotonin receptors, the 5-HT3 receptor family, include: anxiety, depression, chemotherapyand radiation-induced emesis, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, pain, drug addiction, and satiety control. A 5-HT3 receptor partial agonist, MD-354, served as a lead compound in the development of new 5-HT3 receptor ligands. Using halogenated analogs the study investigated their effect on binding to the 5-HT3 receptor. Conformationally-constrained analogs (quinazolines) were shown to be a novel class of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. The


This study is aimed towards investigating and com-paring the tensile strength of plain epoxy and epoxy (wt. 75%) reinforced with stranded mat glass fibre (wt 25%). Epoxy based composites under study were prepared by hand lay up technique. The tensile specimens were prepared as per ASTM standard and tested in universal testing machines. 20 samples per group were prepared for the study. From the tensile strength testing results epoxy (75 wt%) reinforced with glass fibre (25 wt%) exhibits an average of 28.702 MPa, whereas plain epoxy exhibits an average 13.927 MPa. Based on the investigation done by T-test statistical analysis, it is found that there is a significant (P.!0.5) difference in the variance of tensile characteristics between epoxy (75 wt%) reinforced with glass fibre (25 wt%) and plain epoxy that is with a significance value of 0.01. With the limitation of this investigation, it is inferred that the epoxy (75 wt%) reinforced with glass fibre (25 wt%) has good tensile strength when compared to plain epoxy.


A new commutation-interruption method has been developed and applied to low-voltage air-break contactors of rated currents ranging from 80 to 400A. In this method, movable contacts pass through arc runner slots and enter commutation electrode slots. In such a configuration, arc roots formed on contacts are quickly transferred to the commutation electrode and the arc runners. The arcs are driven to a wide arc-extinction space by self generated electromagnetic driving-force, and are extinguished by the effective use of a series of metal plates in the space. This method enhances current interrupting performance, allowing a rated voltage up to 1000 V and reducing contactor size. This method can also shorten arc immobility time, reducing contact wear and temperature rise of the movable contact bridge, thus lengthening the switching life of low-voltage contactors. This paper covers the principle and characteristics of this method, and its application to low-voltage contactors.


WEGENER'S granulomatosis, a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that involves the paranasal sinuses, lungs and glomeruli, rarely involves the brain parenchyma.1 Central-nervous-system involvement is nearly always manifested by cerebral-artery vasculitis, cranial-nerve palsy or opticnerve dysfunction.2 , 3 Before the use of cytotoxic therapy for the disorder, three cases of diabetes insipidus associated with Wegener's granulomatosis were reported.4 5 6 The present report describes a patient with the disorder who had diabetes insipidus and hyperprolactinemia and who was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. Case Report In June, 1974, a 25-year-old man noted the gradual onset of polyuria and polydipsia, with daily urine output of 12 liters. In March, . . .


In this work, we report a library of thirteen fluorinated ionic liquids consisting of iodide salts of 1-alkyl-3-polyfluoroalkyl-imidazolium cations. By changing the length of the alkyl and polyfluoroalkyl pendants, we discovered that particular combinations of these result in compounds showing a mesophase. The nature and the molecular arrangement of the mesophase are characterised by polarised optical microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, among others. We demonstrate that, after the addition of I2 to generate the I−/I3− redox couple, anisotropic ionic conductivity takes place along preferential pathways in the lamellar structure of the mesophase. Notably, the addition of I2 does not suppress the mesophase temperature range, contrary to previously reported systems. Furthermore, the tendency of these materials to supercool allows the molecular arrangement in the mesophase to be retained in a solid film at ambient temperatures. Finally, we demonstrate their applicability as a quasi-solid electrolyte by preparing dye-sensitised solar cells with power conversion efficiencies comparable to the previous reports.


Bruce Kaye is one of the most acute and well-informed commentators on the current crisis in the Anglican Communion. He was a member of the Inter-Anglican Theological and Doctrinal Commission that in 2008 produced Communion, Conflict and Hope. In its report, the Commission, which had a wide spread of representation from worldwide Anglicanism, developed the idea that conflict is a perennial feature of the life of the Church, and that any account of koinonia that does not recognize ecclesial fragility and fallibility is going to be dangerously superficial. Kaye embeds such thinking in a subtle account of Anglicanism. Kaye's view of worldwide Anglicanism is both long and broad: long, because he begins by looking at 'conflict and connection in early Christianity', and broad, because he identifies three different streams of Anglicanism, with differing attitudes to civil polity, in England, Virginia (and so the United States) and Australia. From each of these have sprung diverse forms of local Anglicanism, now organized in provinces, with internal, synodical mechanisms of resolving conflict, but nothing similar at the inter-provincial level. Kaye is critical of recent attempts to commend such mechanisms: he sees the Virginia Report of the IATDC as far too concerned with the development of centralized authority structures out of the current 'instruments of communion' (the Lambeth Conferences; the ACC; the Primates' meetings; the ministry of the Archbishop of Canterbury). He is not persuaded that we yet have on the table the right kind of inclusive ('catholic') proposals for an Anglican Covenant (though his book was written before the Ridley Hall draft and its later amendments). He is sharply critical of the biblical hermeneutic of the GAFCON Conference and warmly applauds the consultative nature of the Lambeth Conference, 2008. Kaye's approach is liberal, not in the sense that he allows for the uncritical accommodation of Anglican tradition to local cultural practices, but in the sense that he argues eloquently for a generous, inclusive Anglicanism that does not prematurely exclude others from the continuing conversation by an improper exercise of power. He believes deeply in Christian freedom. The all-important question he does not, I think, face is whether it is possible for local Anglican churches (provinces) to differ in their teaching about committed same-sex relationships, and still recognize one another as, in the fullest sense, churches. Is the idea of a worldwide college of bishops, so far as Anglicans are concerned, dead in the water (it is not for IATDC, as their Appendix 2, on the episcopal office, shows)? If it is, what does it mean to be, as the Prayer Book Ordinal says, Book reviews


Abstract Gay and Kirby introduced trisections, which describe any closed, oriented, smooth 4-manifold X as a union of three 4-dimensional handlebodies. A trisection is encoded in a diagram, namely three collections of curves in a closed oriented surface
$\Sigma $
 , guiding the gluing of the handlebodies. Any morphism
$\varphi $
 from
$\pi _1(X)$
 to a finitely generated free abelian group induces a morphism on
$\pi _1(\Sigma )$
 . We express the twisted homology and Reidemeister torsion of
$(X;\varphi )$
 in terms of the first homology of
$(\Sigma ;\varphi )$
 and the three subspaces generated by the collections of curves. We also express the intersection form of
$(X;\varphi )$
 in terms of the intersection form of
$(\Sigma ;\varphi )$
 .


This paper made an analysis on farmers' professional cooperatives in Yi'nan county.It shows that the farmers' professional cooperatives in Yi'nan county are developing rapidly.The number of it is increasing,the type of it is innovating,it has important influence on areas such as economy,society and ecology.But there are many problems such as uneven distribution,small scale,poor management and little profit,which has much to do with the incorrect ideas,the low ideological quality,the little support and the bad environment.Therefore,we should guide the farmers' professional cooperatives develop healthily and steadily through basic measures such as layout modulation,system specification,operation optimization and some supporting measures.


The objective of this study is to determine the significant predictors of endometrial cancer using accelerated failure time models (AFTM). We have demonstrated the applications of AFTM viz. Exponential, Weibull, Log-normal, Log-logistic, Gompertz, Gamma and Generalized Gamma AFTM, as an alternative of Cox proportional hazard model. Data for the analysis was collected from Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer (AHPGIC), Cuttack, Odisha during the period 2016–20. Based on the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) value, the Weibull AFTM has been chosen as the best fitted AFT model. The predictors such as age, comorbidity, tumor size, isolated para-aortic and adnexa have been found as significant predictors (p-value < 0.05) to explain the survival of endometrial cancer patients. Hence, by optimizing different treatments, based on such prognostic factors plays an important role in managing endometrial cancer at an early stage.


Vector differential operations can be introduced through their physical definitions which are independent of coordinate systems. It is shown how the components of the gradient of a scalar function and the curl of a vector can be calculated directly form their physical definitions.


In this study, the temperature fields in a micrometer scale were measured by rapid transient platinum film thermometer, and the phase-change behavior of liquid film was observed and captured by microscope and camera system when rapid transient phase-change of liquid film took place. The experimental results display some novel physical phenomena and characteristics, the influence of power density, pulse-duration and liquid species on phase change behavior are revealed.


Videos have been a major resource that people use when they seek information. How-to videos or instructional tutorials provide detailed visual explanations to convey procedural knowledge. However, existing video interfaces that only contain a linear timeline make it difficult for users to navigate the content of the video and identify meaningful segments. To overcome such limitations, previous work has shown that identifying informational units of videos can help users navigate the video content. In this work, we investigate the effect of several informational units in the video: objects, actions, and relations between actions. Through three formative studies, we present how providing such information in video interfaces changes users' experiences, and what challenges may arise from having this information. Finally, we discuss how our findings align with human event perception theory and possible directions for future video interfaces.


The invention discloses an aluminate light conversion agent and a preparation method thereof as well as a light conversion film containing the aluminate light conversion agent. The general formula of the aluminate light conversion agent is A1-xZnxAl12O19: Mn , wherein A is at least one of Ca , Sr and Ba and x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sufficiently grinding metal oxide, nano metal oxide, alkaline-earth salt, an activating agent and a fluxing agent, and uniformly mixing; adding a mixture into a crucible; putting the crucible into a high-temperature furnace; and carrying out program temperature rising and cooling to obtain the aluminate light conversion agent. The light conversion film containing the aluminate light conversion agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of a thin film matrix, 8-45 parts of a master batch matrix, 0.5-10 parts of the aluminate light conversion agent, 0.15-0.3 part of a lubricating agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of a light stabilizer and 0.3-1.5 parts of an antioxygen. The aluminate light conversion agent disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high light emitting strength, high light conversion efficiency, good stability, long service life and simple preparation method; the adding amount in an agricultural thin film is small, and the aluminate light conversion agent has good compatibility with the thin film matrix and has less influences on light transmittance of the thin film.


The study of negotiating groups, whether distributive between competing parties i.e., "win-lose" or integrative between essentially friendly parties from the same organization i.e., "win-win", rema...


The French legal historian, psychoanalyst and jurist Pierre Legendre has developed an unusual legal theory. At its heart lies the concept of law as an institution. It is the function of law to institutionalise life in the world. The law thereby acts as the central agent between the transcendent and the subject in our societies. Performing this function, it draws on the media of staging and imagery. This article presents the essential features of Legendre's theoretical construct. It emphasises the aspects in which it contrasts with established concepts of institution and law by assuming the institution as given at any time, and accordingly by placing the law at the constitutive centre of society. It argues that the price paid by such an understanding is an intensification of the problem of transcendence in law. Its thesis is that Legendre's strategies in responding to this problem, namely processes of visualisation and ontological arguments, become absorbed in tautologies and hence risk the explanatory value of his entire legal theory.


Satellite-linked radio tags were attached to 14 bottlenose dolphins in order to investigate the migration, movement, and behavior of the bottlenose dolphin. Eleven of the 14 tagged dolphins were released in Katsumoto, Iki Island, and Taiji, Kii Peninsula, from 1983 through 1986. The ARGOS satellite-baced data collection and location system was used to track the tagged dolphins. The movement of dolphins was related with sea surface temperature obtained from the AVHRR of NOAA 9. The contacts with satellite were made for the periods of 12 min to 35 days. One of the dolphins was tracked continually for 18 days and travelled about 604 km. The dolphin released off Katsumoto moved to the fishing ground of yellow tail and turned back near Iki Island. The radio tag slipped off the dolphin and was recovered on the shore. Two dolphins released off Taiji in different years swam along the Kuroshio Current toward the southeast on a similar route. This movement appears to be one of the migration routes of the bottlenose dolphins which occur off Kii Peninsula in spring. One of the other dolphhls passed through the same area three times on different days. The average speeds of the tagged dolphins which swam actively over 2 days were 34.2 to 45.9 m/min, and the maximum speeds were 106.4 to 123.7 m/min. The dolphins tended to swim faster between midnight and sunrise. The location accuracy of the radio transmitters attached to dolphins seemed to be within about 3.5 km. The location was made at about 50% of the contacts with satellite, and 5 to 6 times a day.


BACKGROUND
More than one in four people in the United States aged 65 years and older have type 2 diabetes. For diabetes care, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is recommended as a clinically effective intervention. Prior researchers have developed and validated dietary assessment methods using images of food items for improving the accuracy of self-reporting over traditional methods. Nevertheless, little is known about the usability of image-assisted dietary assessment methods for older adults with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were: a) to create a food record app for dietary assessments (FRADA) that would support image-assisted dietary assessments, and b) to evaluate the usability of FRADA for older adults with diabetes.

METHODS
For the development of FRADA, we identified design principles that address the needs of older adults and implemented three fundamental tasks required for image-assisted dietary assessments: capturing, viewing, and transmitting images of food based on the design principles. For the usability assessment of FRADA, older adults aged 65 to 80 (11 females and 3 males) were assigned to interact with FRADA in a lab-based setting. Participants' opinions of FRADA and its usability were determined by a follow-up survey and interview. As an evaluation indicator of usability, the responses to the survey including an After-Scenario Questionnaire were analyzed. Qualitative data from the interviews confirmed the responses to the survey.

RESULTS
We developed a smartphone application that enables older adults with diabetes to capture, view, and transmit images of food items they consumed. The findings of this study showed that FRADA and its instructions for capturing, viewing, and transmitting images of food items were usable for older adults with diabetes. The survey showed that FRADA tended to be easy to use, and study participants would consider using FRADA daily. The analysis of the qualitative data from interviews revealed multiple categories, such as the usability of FRADA, potential benefits and features of FRADA, and concerns of older adults with diabetes when interacting with FRADA.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates in a lab-based setting, not only the usability of FRADA with older adults who have diabetes, but it also demonstrates potential opportunities using FRADA in real-life settings. The findings suggest implications for creating a smartphone application for an image-assisted dietary assessment. Future work still remains to evaluate the feasibility and validity of FRADA with multiple stakeholders involving older adults with diabetes and dietitians.

CLINICALTRIAL


Food retail is known for its use of flexible labour and for the centralisation of functions at head office, resulting in a reduction of managerial autonomy at store level. This article employs a typology of controls developed from labour process scholarship to explore how retail managers negotiate the control of their predominantly part-time workforce. Using an Australian supermarket chain as a case, and mixed methods, the article demonstrates that supermarkets use a multiplicity of forms of control across their workforce. For front line service workers, the article identifies a new configuration of controls which intersects with employment status and acts differentially for checkout operators on different employment contracts.


We have read the article by Wu et al. [1] entitled 'The non-invasive echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular myocardial work in a healthy population' with great interest, which was published recently in Acta Cardiol 2023. In their study, authors aimed to evaluate right ventricular myocardial work as an indicator to assess right ventricular (RV) function and obtain normal reference values. They measured RV global longitudinal strain, pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressure then synchronised these parameters by tricuspid and pulmonic valve event timings to noninvasively produce RV pressure– strain loop analysis. This is a well-written study, and we would like to draw attention to some important points that can affect the results of the present study. We believe that patients with subclinic hypothyroidism should be excluded from the study. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is highly prevalent disease worldwide but remains challenging to diagnose because individuals with SCH often do not have any clinical symptoms. The prevalence rate of SCH was found 13.93% in a study with sample size of 78,470 healthy Chinese individuals. Prevalence was higher in women than in men, and this gender difference was observed among all age groups [2]. The influence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the heart and the cardiovascular system is significantly less studied, and pathophysiological mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear. Ilic et al. showed that patients with SCH had increased RV wall thickness and significantly impaired RV diastolic, global functions and mechanics in comparison with controls or patients after the treatment [3]. Also, in a study by Tadic et al. RV longitudinal strain, systolic, and early diastolic strain rates were significantly decreased in SCH when compared to healthy controls [4]. To obtain reference values for right ventricular myocardial work in a large cohort of a normal population, the abovementioned factors should be taken into consideration.


Sixty million Americans have relied at some point in their lives on osteopaths, chiropractors, folk or religious healers, naturopaths, homeopaths, and acupuncturists; millions more employ alternative psychological systems, unorthodox diet and fitness programs, and a range of self-help treatments. Yet until recently, most historians and social scientists of medicine have assumed that unorthodox movements were of comparatively minor significance in the study of medicine and society. In "Other Healers" Norman Gevitz and eight other authors explore the most significant alternatives to orthodox medicine to have gained a place in American society from the early 19th century to the present. Neither advocating nor debunking these alternatives, they explore phenomena that range from Thomsonism, the early botanical system that was progenitor of the first native American sects,to the faith-healing of contemporary pentecostals and charasmatics; from the Water Cure Movement, which provided important support for the efforts of early feminist reformers, to osteopathy, whose practitioners are now licensed to offer the same range of services as M.D.'s.


The synthesis of polycrystalline PbMoO4 material suitable for use as the starting charge for crystal growth was investigated employing a solid-state sintering method. The solidification behavior of the material was studied by the differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique, with an aim to model the growth by the Czochralski technique. Actual crystal growth runs were carried out to validate the modeling and identify conditions that yield good quality crystals. The results show that large changes in melt stoichiometry, which may arise due to the application of an improperly synthesized starting charge, drive growth from the initial melt growth regime to a self-flux assisted growth regime. The application of a properly synthesized starting charge and the growth direction are found to play a crucial role in determining the quality of the grown crystal.


We present two classical conjectures concerning the characterization of manifolds: the Bing Borsuk conjecture asserts that every n-dimensional homogeneous ANR is a topological n-manifold,whe- reas the Busemann conjecture asserts that every n-dimensional G-space is a topological n-manifold. The key object in both cases are so-called generalized manifolds,i.e. ENR homology manifolds. We look at the history from the early beginnings to the present day. We also list several open problems and related conjectures.


Calcium deficiency is associated with the risks of bone fracture and osteoporosis. This type of malnutrition has been a concern of governments and the World Health Organization for decades, and extensive efforts have been made to address it. There are several solutions to increase calcium intake. One is to take calcium in the form of nanocalcium. The objective of the present research was to determine the effect of extraction time on the physicochemical characteristics of nanocalcium powder extracted from chicken and duck eggshells through precipitation. This research was conducted by using a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, and each treatment analysis was repeated three times. The first factor was the type of eggshell (chicken and duck), and the second was the extraction time (1, 1.5, and 2 hours). The observed parameters were physical (yield and color) and chemical characteristics (moisture, ash, calcium content, and crystalline structure). The results showed that the type of eggshell had a significant effect (p <0.05) on yield, color (lightness), and moisture content and that extraction time had a significant effect (p <0.05) on yield, color (chroma and hue), moisture, and ash content. The highest content of the crystalline structure of nanocalcium formation (100%) was nanocalcium powder from chicken and duck eggshells, with 1 hour of extraction time. The particle size of the crystalline structure of nanocalcium from chicken and duck eggshells were 41.54 nm and 24.90 nm, respectively.


Microsoft is the one of the giant companies in computer technology, which appears in almost every aspect of our life. However, with the advent of a new era of computer technology, Microsoft is facing the challenge of digital transformation, so it is constantly improving its new technologies and expanding its business territory by acquiring other technology companies. On April 12, 2021, Microsoft completed a significant acquisition which is acquiring Nuance. In this essay, it is going to research the purpose, stylized facts, and outlook of this acquisition. Through analyzing the potential objectives, meaning and business ecosystem of computer technology, this article finds Microsoft acquired Nuance not only to improve its own conversational artificial intelligence technology, but also to develop markets related to healthcare and improve its core competitiveness. Besides, this paper also uses the SWOT analysis to research Microsofts current situation and better understand its market competitiveness. Finally, this research gives some suggestions to Microsoft depending on its strengths. For example, improving competitive advantages by expanding its service areas through reasonable acquisitions, repairing network security systems, and improving user experience, and paying more attention to product manufacturing and innovation.


The electronic device and the method of control is provided. Electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and transmits the audio signal acquired via the communication unit, and a microphone to perform a microphone, an external device and the communication to acquire the audio signal to an external device, the music corresponding to the audio signal from the external device It may comprise a control unit for controlling the communication unit to receive the information on the content.


The authors discuss an approach to federated network simulations that eases the burdens on the simulation developer in creating space-parallel simulations. Previous approaches have had difficulties that arise from the need for global topology knowledge when forwarding simulated packets between federates. In all but the simplest cases, proper packet-forwarding decisions between federates requires routing tables of size O(mn), where m is the number of nodes modeled in a particular federate, and n is the total number of network nodes in the entire topology. Furthermore, the benefits of the well-known NIx-Vector routing approach cannot be fully achieved without global knowledge of the overall topology. The authors overcome these difficulties by using a topology partitioning methodology that uses ghost nodes. They show experimentally that the memory overhead associated with ghosts is minimal relative to the overall memory footprint of the simulation.


We consider the possibilities of testing CP conservation in the process $e^+e^- \rightarrow ZH$. The easiest is to measure the forward-backward asymmetry of the $Z$ boson, a nonzero value of which signals CP violation. The effects of CP violation are predicted in the two Higgs doublet model. We show here that a choise of optimal observables can improve the possibility of observing CP violation. Although the number of events is not large, useful information about CP violating parameters can be extracted.


Boron nitride thin film has a very unique characteristic of extremely high chemical inertness. Thus, it is a better hard mask than silicon nitride for aggressive etching solutions, such as the isotropic HF/HNO3/CH3COOH (or HNA) etchant for silicon. However, because of its high chemical inertness, it is also difficult to remove it. Plasma etching with Freon gases can etch the boron nitride film, but it is unselective to silicon, silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. Cleaning up the boron nitride film with plasma etching will usually leave a damaged or foggy surface. A special wet chemical solution has been developed for etching or cleaning boron nitride film selectively. It can etch boron nitride, but not the coatings or substrates of silicon, silicon nitride and silicon dioxide. It is a very strong oxidizing agent consisting of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but different from the common Piranha Etch. It may be even more interesting to understand the logic or secret behind of how to formulate a new selective etching solution. Various chemical and chemical engineering aspects were considered carefully in our development process. These included creating the right electrochemical potential for the etchant, ensuring large differences in chemical kinetics to make the reactions selective, providing proper mass transfer for removing the by products, etc.


Recognizing faces in presence of illuminations, pose, facial expression variations in controlled as well as uncontrolled environments remains one of the most challenging aspect. In this paper, we propose a novel recognition methodology which deals with challenges of face recognition to obtain robust and efficient recognition. The framework is based on extracting discriminant statistical features from Local Binary Pattern and providing it to modified HOG descriptor after normalization. LBPHOG feature vectors are used as an input to various classifiers. Discriminant analysis and distance based classifiers have been used to classify face images. The proposed method is systematically examined on several databases. Extensive experiments illustrate that feature vectors obtained from proposed algorithm are effective and efficient for dealing with challenges of face recognition. Experimental results evaluated using four databases illustrates the benefits of our approach.


The higher the effectiveness of securities market is,the stronger the role of supporting tangible economic development and optimizing capital resource allocation is,This paper treats the three largest markets on trading volume and turnover in the Shanghai Securities Market—Shanghai Bond Market,the Shanghai Fund Market,the Shanghai Stock Market as a microcosm of Chinese Securities market via multi-fractal model by daily,weekly and monthly time series of yield and volume growth rate of SSE T-Bond Index,SSE Fund Index and the SSE Composite Index. Brownian motion means Hurst exponent is 0.5 which is assumed as the symbol of perfectly efficient market.On the one hand,by R / S analysis directly computes Hurst exponent and compare laterally the Hurst exponent of Shanghai Bond market,the Shanghai Fund market,Shanghai stock market to analyze the market efficiency; on the other hand, by the relationship between the fractal dimension d and Hurst exponent in Hurst exponent Autoregressive fractional integrated moving average model( ARFIMA( p,d,q) model) obtained indirectly Hurst exponent,and compare longitudinally the Hurst exponent of Shanghai Bond market,the Shanghai Fund market,Shanghai stock market to analyze the market efficiency in benchmark interest rate adjustment cycle. In conclusions,Shanghai stock market is a fractal inefficient market.


M is characterized by changes in energy production at the cellular level, and metabolic alterations are used to detect and treat cancer. For example, the effectiveness of PET imaging with [fluorine 18]fluoro-d-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) depends on altered glucose uptake and glycolysis within cancer cells. Another metabolic process that can be abnormal in malignancy is oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs within mitochondria and is dependent on an electrochemical gradient generated by the electron transport chain called the mitochondrial membrane potential. 18F-BnTP is a cationic lipophilic PET radiotracer that localizes to mitochondria based on membrane potential. Momcilovic et al use 18FBnTP to study cellular metabolism in vivo in mouse models of NSCLC. The authors found two distinct populations of NSCLC tumors based on 18F-BnTP uptake. Adenocarcinomas showed high uptake of 18F-BnTP, while squamous cell carcinomas showed low 18F-BnTP uptake. Differences in 18F-BnTP uptake between the two types of tumors occurred independent of tumor mitochondrial content, indicating that differential uptake resulted from mitochondrial activity and not the number of mitochondria. The investigators used 18F-FDG to further assess metabolic variability among NSCLC. While all squamous cell carcinomas showed 18F-FDG avidity, only a portion of the 18F-BnTP-avid adenocarcinomas demonstrated 18F-FDG uptake. Tumors with mixed histology demonstrated these same patterns of tracer uptake in squamous cell and adenocarcinoma regions. The authors additionally demonstrated that only tumors with high 18F-BnTP responded to treatment with IACS-010759, an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation currently in clinical trials for treatment of advanced solid tumors. These data show that histologic subtypes of NSCLC exhibit different metabolic characteristics detectable with imaging. Currently, classification of NSCLC requires invasive tissue sampling. The results from Momcilovic et al show the potential of multitracer PET imaging to noninvasively distinguish subtypes of NSCLC and guide targeted therapy. —Ryan Short


Developing innovative approaches in higher education is essential to meeting the educational challenges of the Knowledge Society. Education and curriculum de...


Dali(打哩)is a dialect supposition conjunction that is only used in Marriages to Awaken the World(醒世姻缘传)having the common distinct Shandong(山东)dialect background.Through investigating and analyzing,we found that the original phrase form of Dali(打哩)is Danzhi(但只).The Danzhi(但只)is formed by Dan(但)and Zhi(只)having the same grammar meaning.From Danzhi(但只)to Dali(打哩), there are two factors:phonetic characteristic in dialect and degree of grammaticalization.


We present a dimensional analysis of two characteristic timescales in the boundary layer where the disk adjusts to the rotating neutron star (NS). The boundary layer is treated as a transition region between the NS surface and the first Keplerian orbit. The radial transport of the angular momentum in this layer is controlled by a viscous force defined by the Reynolds number, which in turn is related to the mass accretion rate. We show that the observed low-Lorentzian frequency is associated with radial oscillations in the boundary layer, where the observed break frequency is determined by the characteristic diffusion time of the inward motion of the matter in the accretion flow. Predictions of our model regarding relations between those two frequencies and the frequencies of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) compare favorably with recent observations of the source 4U 1728-34. This Letter contains a theoretical classification of kHz QPOs in NS binaries and the related low-frequency features. Thus, results concerning the relationship between the low-Lorentzian frequency of viscous oscillations and the break frequency are presented in the framework of our model of kHz QPOs viewed as Keplerian oscillations in a rotating frame of reference.


Introduction: Nerve inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic neuropathy pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 and behavioral pain responses in a model of diabetic neuropathy rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, twenty four 8-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range: 204 ± 11.3 grams) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8): diabetic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy exercise and control. After confirmation of diabetic neuropathy pain by hot plate behavioral tests and mechanical allodynia, the aerobic exercise protocol was implemented. IL-35 and NF-κB gene expression in spinal cord tissue was measured by real-time PCR. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test with SPSS version 16 software were used for statistical analysis (P <0.05).
Results: Exercise reduced the response of behavioral tests of diabetic neuropathic pain in the exercise group compared to the diabetic neuropathy group (P <0.05). Induction of diabetes caused a significant decrease in IL-35 gene expression and a significant increase in NF-kB gene (P=0.001) (P=0.021).There was also a significant increase in IL-35 gene expression and a significant decrease in NF-κB gene expression in the exercise group compared to the diabetic neuropathy group (P=0.007) (P=0.034).
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training has reduced the sensitivity of nociceptors to pain agents by activating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 in spinal cord microglia. It is recommended to use aerobic exercise to reduce neuropathic pain.


The research study investigates the effectiveness of solar management techniques on the outdoor thermal comfort in hot, arid climates within the context of higher educational facilities. Qatar University in Doha, State of Qatar, is establishing the contextual unit of analysis as it provides a case study for urban planning and design within an educational environment. The campus has dynamic outdoor spaces that have been treated using urban strategies and techniques to create the most desirable environment for its vast range of users including students, faculty and staff members. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the current solar management techniques at Qatar University campus based on user's satisfaction. Therefore, the focused scope of analysis is targeting the shading devices that are found in the campus, which has been generally categorized as pedestrian shaded pathways with detached canopies and car parking shading structures. The thesis targets the following question: does the current shading devices on campus provide a satisfactory experience for users in addition to encouraging walkability and better utilization of outdoor spaces? By investigating the effectiveness of solar management techniques, it is possible to optimize the use of the current shading devices by relating their effectiveness to users' satisfaction and thermal comfort. Based on the methodology of survey analysis, a sample of fifty questionnaires has been collected and analyzed with reference to the existing users of the campus. The survey questionnaire is reinforced by further direct impressionistic observation as a verifying methodology. Results obtained from both methods of analysis are indicating the ineffectiveness of the current solar management techniques represented by shading devices in the campus of Qatar University, however supported by numerous applicable suggestions for improvement.


The explosive growth of knowledge in the many diverse fields comprising electrical engineering has resulted in an undergraduate curriculum that is overflowing in specialized courses, increasingly hard to complete in four years, showing a decrease in social and humanistic courses, and providing fewer electives courses. At the same time the enrollment and retention in electrical engineering departments is decreasing nationwide, with a significant difficulty in recruiting and retaining under-represented students (women and minorities). These two major areas combine with increasing complaints on the part of industry that today's students are not prepared, cannot write and speak clearly, and cannot think through problems in a fundamental way. Furthermore, the increasing global nature of the electronics industry requires greater awareness of history, cultures and languages.


Abstract The article investigates the role metaphors of optical media and projection have played within the conceptual and literary history of ideology. Starting with the figure of the camera obscura in Marx, Fontane, and other contemporaries, it is shown that the ambiguous concept of Lichtbild (slide, photography) gains significance in social thought and literature as a metaphor for false perception. Subsequently, the analysis of Theodor Fontane's novel Effi Briest (1895) shows how optical media are turned into figures of narration that generate a critical perspective on bourgeois ideology and its affect structure.


Rural labor transfer is in contact with industrialization or urbanization by transferring among different industries or between village and city.The decision of rural labor transfer is a kind of micro decision,based on information disseminating and expectation forming.In macro,we often see the increasing level of industrialization or urbanization in immigration area where rural labor transfer happen.Anticipation is a key factor in making decision of labor transfer,by which industrialization is contacted with urbanization,and urbanization shows different characteristics in response to industrialization.An analysis is made of the coordination development of industrialization and urbanization in Henan Province,based on local adjustment adaptive expectation model and related data from Henan Province.Some pieces of advice designed to promote rural labor transfer is put forward,aiming to advance the coordination level between industrialization and urbanization in Henan Province.


Extradition — Political Offences — Collaboration with the Enemy. Extradition — Conditions of — Provision for Extradition of Persons Accused of Collaboration with the Enemy, etc. — Inapplicability to Persons Already Convicted — Political Crimes — Article 45 of Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 — Extradition Treaty between Italy and Belgium.


We calculate the ring of differential operators on some singular affine varieties (intersecting stacks, a point on a singular curve or an orbifold). Our results support the proposed connection of the ring of differential operators with geometry of D-branes in (bosonic) string theory. In particular, the answer does know about the resolution of singularities in accordance with the string theory predictions.


We described the growth of undoped ZnO thin films and their optical properties changing with a various growth temperature. The undoped ZnO thin films were grown on substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature, 200, 400, and , respectively. Field emission microscopy (FE-SEM) measurements showed that the grain size of undoped ZnO thin films are increasing as a increase of growth temperature. In addition, we were investigated that the structural and optical properties of undoped ZnO thin films by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) studied. Also, we could confirmed that the exciton luminescence was strongly related to charge trap by grain boundary of the samples using micro-PL measurement.


A representative supersonic transport design was tested in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) in its original configuration with small-radius leading-edge flaps and also with modified large-radius inboard leading-edge flaps. Aerodynamic data were obtained over a range of Reynolds numbers at a Mach number of 0.3 and angles of attack up to 16 deg. Increasing the radius of the inboard leading-edge flap delayed nose-up pitching moment to a higher lift coefficient. Deflecting the large-radius leading-edge flap produced an overall decrease in lift coefficient and delayed nose-up pitching moment to even higher angles of attack as compared with the undeflected large- radius leading-edge flap. At angles of attack corresponding to the maximum untrimmed lift-to-drag ratio, lift and drag coefficients decreased while lift-to-drag ratio increased with increasing Reynolds number. At an angle of attack of 13.5 deg., the pitching-moment coefficient was nearly constant with increasing Reynolds number for both the small-radius leading-edge flap and the deflected large-radius leading-edge flap. However, the pitching moment coefficient increased with increasing Reynolds number for the undeflected large-radius leading-edge flap above a chord Reynolds number of about 35 x 10 (exp 6).


In this article I will explore the presence of Spanish literature in the magazines published by ERI for Rai, both originating from national radio broadcasts: L'Approdo Letterario and Terzo Programma. My reflections take place in the perspective of outlining the profile of a wide but not popular reception of literature that emerges from the bibliographic informations contained in the reviews; the main attention will focus on the profound cultural changes between the 1950s and 1960s, when Oreste Macrì collaborated in L'Approdo.


The aquation kinetics of pentaammine-(p-toluenesulfonamido)cobalt(III) ion were studied in the presence of NaCl, NaBr and NaClO 4 as supporting electrolytes as well as in binary aqueous-organic mixtures with methanol, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butylalcohol, dioxane and acetonitrile as non aqueous cosolvents


This article identifies the view of the Primary Physical Education Faculty about the relevance of the corporal expression in the curricular sphere. It was used the analysis of the content in the semi – structured interviews which were carried out with eight Primary Physical Education Teachers from Zaragoza (Spain). Four of them were women and the rest of them were men, with an average age among 40,62±5.15. The treatment of the information was carried out with Nvivo 11 software. The outputs show the poor interest that corporal expression has to Physical Education, the lack of teaching training related to this content block and the discomfort when the time comes to apply physical expression.


The Parras basin, in southern Coahuila and western Nuevo Leon, contains 15,000-20,000 feet of Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary terrigenous clastic sediments. From 5,000-7,000 feet of Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks and 6,000-10,000 feet of Triassic and (or) Jurassic evaporites, carbonate, and terrigenous clastic rocks flank parts of the basin and underlie large areas within the basin. The Triassic and (or) Jurassic sedimentary rocks exhibit complex facies relations. Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks are remarkably uniform over large areas of northeastern Mexico. Most of the Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary calcareous-arenaceous-argillaceous sediments were deposited in a boot-shaped, shallow, subsiding basin between the present-day Sierra Madre Oriental and the Coahu la Platform. The Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary Difunta Group displays intertonguing relations between two distinct lithic types; red, non-marine, arenaceous-argillaceous End_Page 639------------------------------ strata alternate with gray to black, brackish, calcareous-arenaceous-argillaceous strata. The red formations pinch out or change facies toward the north and east in the basin. Marine deposition was continuous from Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary in the eastern part of the basin. A few redbeds grade down depositional dip into gray, marine strata. Red strata have been discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Parras Shale, which normally is a gray to black, calcareous shale, 4,000-5,000 feet thick. During Paleocene or Eocene time, the sediments of the Parras basin were deformed contemporaneously with the adjacent Sierra Madre Oriental. Deformational intensity in the Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks of the Sierra Madre appears related to the distribution and thickness of the Minas Viejas (Jurassic?) evaporites. The type and degree of deformation in the Upper Cretaceous Parras basin is not uniform as indicated by the following: (1) overturned folds and imbricate thrusts, which probably do not extend below the Parras Shale, characterize the constricted western part of the basin; (2) broad, elongate, open folds in the southeastern part extend downward to folds in Lower Cretaceous strata; and (3) broad, open, domal folds in the northeast are related to Lower Cretaceous uplifts on the surface and at depth. End_of_Article - Last_Page 640------------


Nearly ten years ago we asked Mr Paul Johnstone, now head of the deservedly renowned BBC-2 historical and archaeological unit 'Chronicle ', to review Professor Sverre Marstrander ' s eight-year study of the Bronze Age carvings on the rock faces of ostfold ('&tfolds jordbruksristninger : Skjeberg ', see 'Antiquity ', 1964, 236) . Johnstone had been specially struck by Marstrander ' s argument that the representations of boats, previously thought to show plankbuilding, were really of hideor skin-covered vessels. 'Johnstone suggested to Marstrander that i t might be rewarding to build and test such a skin-covered boat. Mr Johnstone here sets out for us how this AnglolNorwegian enterprise was brought to a successful conclusion.


For the purpose of studying the quality of dental health service and determining the ways to improve its level in the base dental clinic, an anonymous public opinion poll among 204 patients, who addressed to the clinic, was carried out. As a result, it detected rather a high level of technological equipment of the institution, the medical personnel's professionalism and rather a high level of the quality of rendered services in conformity with its cost.


1 Department of Internal Medicine 2 Department of Paediatrics 3 Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 4 Department of Surgery International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Address for Correspondence: Professor Ramesh Chandra Jutti, International Medical University, Clinical School, Jalan Rasah, Seremban 70300, Malaysia. Email: email@example.com The Concept and Implementation of "Distributed Learning" – Our Early Experience Li-Cher Loh,1MD (Lond), FRCPE, Nai Ming Lai,2MRCP (Paed) (UK), Sivalingam Nalliah,3FRCOG, Ramesh-Chandra Jutti,4MS, MCh, FRCSI (Ire)


According to practical aesthetics,there is a developing clue to psychologiize beauty in discussing the nature of beauty: in the early stage,practice,as one noumenon,has strong colourful personal judgement;in the middle stage,as two noumena,emotional noumenon appears and separates form practical noumenon;and in the new development of practical aesthetics,the origin and nature are separated from the abstract noumenon,and the nature of beauty is discussed directly at the emotional angle.


Abstract A one-pot method for the simple, efficient, and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of Spiro-Indoline/Indene derivatives containing Aza indole moiety as a side chain is outlined. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides derived from ethynyl Azaindole under mild conditions is accomplished. The low cost, easy availability of the starting material, and simple reaction conditions suggest the possible use of the present method for large-scale preparations. Graphical Abstract


The effect of manganese dopant ions on the growth and faceting of manganese-doped GaN (Mn:GaN) nanowires is reported. Using the chemical vapor deposition method we synthesized high-quality internally doped GaN nanowires with varying concentrations of Mn precursor in the reaction mixtures. In all samples we observed nanowires having three distinct cross-section morphologies:  hexagonal, triangular, and rectangular. These NWs were present in different ratios depending on the starting concentration of Mn ions. Using electron microscopies we found that the presence of Mn dopant ions inhibits nanowire growth and that the percentage of triangular and rectangular nanowires increases with increasing concentration of Mn precursor at the expense of hexagonal nanowires. We propose that Mn binding to specific nanowire facets plays a key role in governing Mn:GaN nanowire growth and dopant incorporation. These results allow for the preparation of Mn:GaN nanowires in a truly controlled fashion using the developed method...


A 10-channel in-flight calibrator recently developed by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) utilizes a unique system of cam-operated switches that eliminates many of the difficulties encountered in calibrators of comparable size and scope. Designed to identify telemetered information from a guided missile in flight, the device is compact and durable and particularly suited to telemetering applications in aircraft, missiles, or projectiles.


The tourism industry and other traditional industries are not the same, the tourism industry demands for more performance-oriented rather than production-oriented, defining the angle of the tourism industry is the demand side, it is influenced by the characteristics of this demand in series, so that the tourism industry exhibits strong permeability function, also confirmed in another aspect of the tourism industry has a natural attributes and other industrial integration of tourism industry to actively join in all angles levels to other industries complete the docking, which sprout a variety of areas in the industrial edge the new forms of tourism products and services, with industry practice approach to achieve the purpose of the industrial wealth of industry convergence. Animation industry for the tourism industry has been enriched and expanded, but also extends to the development of space tourism animation industry, between the two integration to achieve a competitive advantage promotion purposes. the paper first outlines the connotation of the tourism industry and the animation industry, and on the integration of the two forms of discourse do, to promote the integration of both markets also made some suggestions.


The driving records of methadone maintenance patients are examined for two main interrelated reasons: first, methadone maintenance is growing in use as a treatment modality for heroin addicts and acceptance of such patients into the mainstream of life is partially dependent upon the public's awareness of their ability to function normally and safely while medicated; and second, a key factor in employability, and hence, continuing rehabilitative improvement for many such patients, lies in obtaining a driver's license and automobile insurance. More than 1,500 patients admitted to the methadone maintenance program initiated by Drs. Dole and Nyswander were matched against the 11 million records in the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles files. The search, on an exact match basis, produced 448 patients with driving records. A sample of New York City regular male drivers in the same period (182 cases) was also drawn for comparison purposes. When a comparison was made within specific age groups, it was learned that the accident and conviction rates were about the same for methadone maintenance clients as for a sample of New York City male drivers within the same period. In addition, the clients' accident and conviction records were no more serious than the sample of regular drivers. The findings from this study are consistent with those from other related studies, which are discussed. This suggests that methadone maintenance clients should at least be given serious consideration in their efforts to obtain a driver's license or automobile insurance as they strive to support themselves.


Commentators in many poorer countries, examining the political realities of the Third World from within new and interesting micro-economic perspectives, have rediscovered the relevance of dysfunctions in government as pointers to the true nature of state relations and economic development. The result has been the appearance of a literature on two commonly observed phenomena in the least developed countries of Africa, South Asia and Latin America: the enhanced economic role of 'second' or 'informal' economies, and the declining relevance of formal state structures which results partly from economic incapacity. This paper surveys some of the more significant recent examples of this literary output and relates their findings to the problems of public administration in those countries which experience or are likely to experience these phenomena.


The immune system requires an adequate supply of nutrients, although current dietary recommendations may not account for optimal immune function in healthy adults. Nutrient inadequacies due to the growing influence of the western diet pose a risk for immune dysfunction. This review aims to determine the beneficial effects of supplementing: dietary fats, nutrients that modulate gut microbiota, and specific micronutrients, on systemic immune functions (concentrations of plasma cytokines, antibodies and acute phase proteins) during health and acute inflammatory conditions, including COVID-19. We discussed micronutrients (selenium, zinc and vitamin D) with compelling evidence supporting immunomodulatory properties. Additionally, the synergistic effects of physical activity and dietary interventions on systemic immune markers are explored. Briefly, evidence suggests that dietary consumption of monounsaturated (oleic and palmitoleic acids) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) promotes anti-inflammatory properties. Food sources (fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, omega-3) and patterns (Mediterranean diet) increase the production of short-chain fatty acids, beneficially altering gut microbiota composition, which subsequently enhances the immunomodulatory properties of circulating immune cells. A positive synergistic role of nutrient supplementation (omega-3 and fiber) and physical activity on circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels have been observed. Lastly, omega-3 supplementation during COVID-19 infection may reduce circulating C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines and improves pain and fatigue symptoms. This review highlights recent findings that support the beneficial role of specific nutrients in promoting systemic immune function in healthy adults. However, to establish specific dietary recommendations to support optimal immune function, more research is required.


Concentrations of the free copper(II) species (Cu/sup 2 +/) measured by the ion exchange/atomic absorption (IEX) method in the presence of various concentrations of the ligands citrate, glycinate, phthalate, salicylate, chloride, and fulvate are compared to concentrations measured with a cupric ion selective electrode (ISE) and/or to concentrations calculated from known metal-ligand formation constants. The IEX method is considerably more sensitive for Cu/sup 2 +/ than the ISE method but is subject to interference from cationic and neutral copper complexes as well as from filterable colloids copper-hydroxo species at higher pH values. Accurate values of Cu/sup 2 +/ concentration are obtained by both methods in the presence of anionic copper-ligand complexes. Since fulvate, which is the principal ligand present in natural freshwaters, forms anionic copper complexes, the IEX method possesses adequate selectivity for measuring Cu/sup 2 +/ at trace levels in such waters. The complexing capacity of an acidic lake water with a very low dissolved organic carbon content was measured as 3.0 x 10/sup -8/ M by monitoring Cu/sup 2 +/ concentration by the IEX method during titration with copper nitrate.


Fourteen hydroxyproline-resistant cell lines were selected by plating 7 days old cell suspensions of Solanum tuberosum L. cvs. Desiree and Maris Piper on a cell plating medium containing 5 or 10 mM hydroxyproline (hyp). Cell suspensions were either plated directly on selective media or after mutagenic treatment with gamma rays at a dose of 20 Gy or after freezing to –6°C. The frequency of resistant colonies varied from 0.15 to 0.35 × 10 -6 . Almost all the selected lines possessed increased levels of frost tolerance as compared to their non-selected controls except one, indicating that hyp resistance and frost tolerance are not necessarily linked.


In the vital observations of 8 cases of cancer, 10 cases of tuberculosis and 2 cases of nephrosis by means of tissue cultures of pleural effusion of respective group, the author obtained the following results: (1) In the case of cancer, the average cell count is 720/m㎥. The characteristics of the cell composition are the appearance of tumor cells and tumorous signet-ring cells, a slight increase in the number of serous cells, a moderate increase of neutrophils and the appearance of phagocytic-ring cells. (2) In the case of tuberculous pleurisy, the average cell count is 1564/m㎥. There can be recognized such characteristics as a increase of small size phagocytics and lymphocytes. The movement of these cells are slightly disturbed compare with non-pathologic condition. (3) In the case of nephrosis, the average cell count is 180/m㎥. The characteristic of the cells is increase of small phagocyte and serous cells, but most of cells are degenerated in the early stage.


OBJECTIVE
This review aims to systematically map the literature reporting on oral health outcomes the health indicate is a measure experienced by people with cerebral palsy.

INTRODUCTION
At present, there are no documented systematic reviews reporting on oral health outcomes for people of all ages with cerebral palsy. Subsequently, there are no clear guidelines, frameworks or detailed oral health recommendations for people with cerebral palsy. Considering the importance of oral health on general well-being and quality of life, it is important that it is not overlooked when focusing on patient-centered care for people with cerebral palsy.

INCLUSION CRITERIA
Studies that focus on oral health, including dental diagnosis, trauma and/or treatment, facial pain, saliva, and sleep apnea, and/or make statements regarding oral health pertaining to cerebral palsy will be considered for inclusion inthis scoping review.

METHODS
This review will be conducted in accordance with the guidelines outlined by JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Articles published in any language will be considered for inclusion, with no restriction on publication date. The search databases will include the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Dentistry and Oral Science. A search of gray literature will also be conducted. Extracted data relevant to the scoping review will be performed by two reviewers.


or open-coil spring units. Such a comparison is shown in Figure 3. Because of the unique cellular stracture c>f pneumacel in which a fluurocarbon gas is permanently trapped in the closed cells of a polyester tiber, the cushioning mechanism is dependent upon a gas compression and approaches a straight line, or Hookean behavior, which is characteristic of conventional gases as well as coils. The load-compression curve of


to the Spanish, Belgian and Hungarian Trio Presidency of the European Union W ith the establishment of the permanent European Council presidency and the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the role of rotating presidencies has changed. This will have an impact on the role of the Trio Presidency in future. Does the rotating presidency still matter? In this new edition of Think Global – Act European (TGAE), launched by Notre Europe, 14 Europeans think tanks answer that question by scrutinizing the 18-month agenda of the Spanish, Belgian and Hungarian Trio Presidency. For each specific issue (structural reform, economic governance, energy, climate change, migration, internal security, global governance, foreign policy defence, enlargement, neighbourhood, EU institutions, European political space and budget) they analyse the global context, existing challenges and put forward concrete proposals concerning key initiatives that can be taken by the Trio Presidency during this period. In the sensitive context of the Lisbon Treaty implementation and complex management of the economic crisis, specific attention is given to the decisive coordination role that can be played by the Trio Presidency in defining more efficient – more integrated – European strategies.


Abstract:While second wave US feminism is thought to hold claim to the bold proposition that "the personal is political," nineteenth century early Black feminists had long underscored the relationship between varied intimate, interior experiences and the sociopolitical landscape. This article focuses on Ann Plato, the first documented Black woman essayist in the United States, who wrote about the death of four friends: Louisa Sebury, Julia Ann Pell, Eliza Loomis Sherman, and Elizabeth Low. Plato and her writings are an opening to examine the role of Black friendship in "first wave" feminism and interrogate who feminist theorists have come to consider as early feminists. The article de-centers preoccupations with bringing 19th century Black women and Black women's political subjectivity into view through the institution of the club. Excavating the multitude of ways that Black women, such as Plato, participated in political relationships offers a different lens to understand nineteenth century feminist sociality.


After several trial measuring devices had been built for evaluating the load of a tooth involved with periodontitis, a load measuring device was developed. With this newly developed mesuring device, the load on a mobile tooth with chronic marginal periodontitis could be evaluated and studied in terms of the relationship between the degree of tooth mobility and the destruction of alveolar bone. The results demonstrate that teeth of mobility class 1 can be moved by a load of about 43.2 g, class 2 by about 32.6 g and class 3 by about 21.1 g. As to the destruction of alveolar bone, the teeth which had bone destruction of degree 2 moved with a load of about 38.0 g, degree 3 with about 29.6 g and degree 4 with about 23.7 g.


NOT THE least of the problems of music theory which challenge the patience and ability of the music student and supervisor, and one which is so often misunderstood, is the inevitable question of how to transpose music. After studying the treatment of this question in almost any treatise on instrumentation, one usually finds oneself still surrounded by some vagueness and mystery. Yet, after acquiring knowledge of certain facts and principles, even the novice should be able to transpose readily for any instrument at sight. Two kinds of transposition knowledge are necessary and desirable. First, there is occasion to transpose various harmonic and melodic parts in arranging compositions for different ensembles. Second, of probably greater import, is the necessity of being able to reduce previously transposed parts to their true harmonic pitch, rapidly and accurately. This latter knowledge is almost indispensable to the conductor of public school organizations, who is all too often faced with the task of figuring out the actual sound of instrumental parts, in order to see their relationship in a condensed score written in the concert key.


A new drying technique has been developed by MoDo-Chemetics and Chalmers of Technology in Sweden. Steam drying utilizes the drying capacity of superheated steam to remove moisture from porous material such as pulp or hog fuel. The first commercial dryer based on this technique was installed at Rockhammar Bruk in Sweden, where wood pulp is dried from 60% to 12% moisture content. Two commercial-size units are presently under construction, one for drying of hog fuel from 50% to 35% moisture content for on-the-grate firing in the power boiler and one for drying of sugar-beet pulp from 80% to 10% moisture content. This new technique can be applied in the drying of materials used in the production of waterboard, fiberboard, and hardboard, drying of peat, distillers grain residue, orange and pineapple pulp, grape and apple pomace, and cotton linters, for various end uses including cattlefeed and the use of residues as combustible material in small boilers. The energy-recovery aspects of the steam dryer are very important. Energy recovery in a useful form of more than 85% of the input to the dryer is feasible. 4 figures, 2 tables. (DP)


Stage 4 of the mitchell freeway, from hutton street osborne park to delawney street balcatta, a distance of 5 km, is planned to be located through a series of swamps, including an extensive peat swamp at hertha road. Using the reeds growing in the swamps as a carpet, engineers have established a technique for pushing a basic track across the water covered peat using limited sand fill to consolidate it in stages. The peat is squeezed dry and strengthened to permit the construction of embankments without risk of failure.


With proper welding conditions, current, and voltage settings, the short-arc process can be as reliable a pipelining tool as the coated stick. Results obtained from use of currently available automatic equipment show that the weld joints are of high quality when properly made under skilled operator supervision. Problems connected with weld application, hardness, hydrogen cracking, heat-affected zone tempering, and hot cracking were discussed in Part 1. Part 2 examines other possible problems and defects and the methods by which they can be minimized or avoided.


Species of ten genera of Stemonitaceae, including "Collaria", "Comatricha", "Enerthenema", "Lamproderma", "Macbrideola", "Paradiacheopsis", "Stemonaria", "Stemonitis", "Stemonitopsis", and "Symphytocarpus", collected from Taiwan are critically revised. Of the 42 species recorded, "Enerthenema intermedium" and "Stemonitopsis subcaespitosa" are new to Taiwan, thus are described and illustrated in this paper. Keys to the species of all genera, and to the genera of the family are also provided.


The mnnber of cattle that R ranch operation may support is dependent upon the forage resourws in the immediate area. In the sagrbrush-bunchgrass country of eastern Oregon cattle are normally snmmerea on the federal range which is administered by the Bureau of Lana Mnnagement. During the winter the cattle we fed hay cut from native flood meadows. There are about 330,000 acres of native flood meaa0u7s in Oregon which 8x mostly privately owned. These meadows are continuously irrigated by wild flooding with early spring runoff from surrounding watersheds for periods ranging from six to twelve weeks. The forage produced upon them is pi-edominantly composed of rushes ~~~~~~~~ sPP.) ana sedges (caret SPP.). During the past yrnrs thr munher of cattle prrmitted to run on federal range has been generally arcrrasra in an effort by i-ange managers to obtain more proper utilization of the forage and thereby preventing further range a?terioration. A ranch operator faced with a reduction in the use d10~d oll federal range must either decrease the size of his oper&ion or look for an alternative forage resource. The grazing of nativr flood meaaOlrs seems to offer such an alternative res"urce, particularly in view of the reported increase in prodnction from these BIXRS with nitrogen fertilizer (Cooper, 19%). A number of ranchers are considering the passibility of fertilizing part of their meadolvs to provide necessary hay supplies and grazing the remainder. Information is presented in this paper on gains of calves for four years ana gains of yearling steers for one year while grazing flood meadows, with a comparison of pains of ertlves nna yearlings on sagebrush-bunchgrass range.


This scientific work was designed to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity and if antioxidants co-administration with amiodarone exerts a partial protective effect. The study was carried out on 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats divided into six equal groups, and doses of different solutions were given to them by gastric tube every day for 7 days as follow; the 1st group: which was considered as an untreated control group under the same laboratory conditions, was given distilled water, the 2nd group: amiodarone-treated group that was given amiodarone (100 mg / kg/ body weight), the 3rd group: received L-carnitine (LC) (100 mg/kg body weight), the 4th group: received vitamin C (1 mg/100 g body weight), the 5th group: received amiodarone along with LC, and the 6th group: was given amiodarone and vitamin C at the same time. The current histopathological findings revealed that amiodarone caused marked changes in the lung including inflammatory cells infiltration in addition to extensive fibrosis. Increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the level of catalase (CAT) in the AM treated group was observed. Administration of L-carnitine and vitamin C reduced the extent of lung damage induced by amiodarone. Antioxidants administration induced a significant decrease in MDA and an increase in CAT in lung tissue as compared with AM. The oral administration of vitamin C and L. carnitine reversed the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by AM. They may have a role in the prevention of AM-induced lung toxicity.


The aims of the study were to determine the seroprevalence and incidence of human brucellosis in Arusha and Manyara regions, risk factors for human brucellosis, health-seeking behavior and clinical features of human brucellosis cases and to evaluate different diagnostic tests for brucellosis. Other objectives included determination of the knowledge of medical practitioners relevant for diagnosis of zoonoses and estimation of the burden of disease caused by human brucellosis in Tanzania. From cross-sectional studies, the Brucella seroprevalence in humans was 4.8% when determined by assays in the field and 6.4 % at the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) based on the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Based on the competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) test conducted at the Veterinary Laboratory Agencies (VLA) the seroprevalence of brucellosis was 7.7%. The majority of RBPT positive individuals were asymptomatic. Most of the c-ELISA positive individuals were above 15 years of age with the age group 16-30 years having the highest number of seropositive individuals. There was a significant association between the seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats at the district level. Prospective hospital studies indicated that the incidence of brucellosis was 11.2 cases/100,000 people per annum. Joint pain, headache, backache, fever and fatigue were the main clinical features described by the confirmed (c-ELISA positive) patients, but these were also most commonly reported by the c-ELISA negative patients initially suspected as having brucellosis. Patients with brucellosis delayed going to hospital with a median delay time of 90 days. Distance to the hospital, keeping animals and knowledge of brucellosis were significantly associated with patient delay to present to hospital. More cases of brucellosis were recorded in hospitals located in pastoral areas and brucellosis was more common among people engaging in business. Brucellosis was associated with assisting an aborting animal. It was shown that the closer the distance between households, the higher the risk of brucellosis. People who were of Christian religion were found to have a higher risk of disease compared to other religions. The sensitivity and specificity of the RBPT in the cross-sectional survey were 39.4% and 98.8% respectively, at the SUA laboratory 38.7% and 96.8% respectively and at the hospitals 44.3% and 89.5% respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of the diagnostic tests for brucellosis at the hospitals were also low. There was a poor agreement between the RBPT performed at SUA, the RBPT performed in crosssectional survey and the tests performed at the hospitals. Medical practitioners in rural hospitals had poorer knowledge ofmost zoonoses when compared to the practitioners in urban hospitals, including transmission of sleeping sickness, clinical presentations of anthrax and rabies in humans. In both areas practitioners had poor knowledge of echinococcosis transmission to humans, clinical features of echinococcosis in humans, and diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in humans. Brucellosis contributed to an estimated 3,644 -3,708 Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) burden in Tanzania based on data collected from hospitals while data from the community resulted in an estimated 92,080 121,550 DALY burden in Tanzania. The majority of cases continued to have brucellosis clinical features for a period of over two years, and out of these, five days spent as inpatients. Households used a mean total of US $ 90.65 (92, 826 TShs.) to care for a single case of brucellosis per year and each health provider used a mean total of US $ 858 (878,592 TShs.) per year to care for cases of brucellosis. Brucellosis contributes to poverty and suffering particularly to the poor in the rural areas of Tanzania and yet it is neglected. There is a need for increased health education on risk factors for transmission of brucellosis to humans and the importance of going to hospital at an early stage of the disease. More efforts also need to be directed towards improving the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis to reduce prolonged human suffering from brucellosis. This should include the adoption of standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols. Restructuring and updating of disease recording systems and diagnostic laboratories so that they diagnose and hence capture zoonoses such as brucellosis should be implemented. Efforts should be made to equip practitioners with adequate knowledge relevant for identification of zoonoses. iv Table of contents Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii Abstract iv Table of contents v List of Tables xi List of Figures xiii List of Plates xiv Abbreviations and acronyms xv 1. General Introduction 1 1.1 Zoonoses 2 1.2 Farming systems in Tanzania 7 1.3 Brucellosis 8 1.4 History of brucellosis 10 1.5 Brucella organisms 1 1 1.6 Diagnosis of brucellosis 12 1.6.1 The SAT 12 1.6.2 The RBPT 13 1.6.3 The c-ELISA test 14 1.6.4 Culture of Brucellae 14 1.7 The viability of Brucellae and antibacterial sensitivity 15 1.8 Brucellosis in humans 15 1.9 Risk factors for disease transmission to humans 17 1.10 Under-diagnosis of zoonoses 18 1.11 Burden of brucellosis 18 1.12 Brucellosis in animals 20 1.13 Wildlife and their role in zoonoses transmission 21 1.14 Treatment of brucellosis 22 1.15 Brucellosis and HIV 24 1.16 Brucellosis in different parts of the world 25 1.16.1 Brucellosis in Europe, America, Asia and Australia 25 1.16.2 Brucellosis in Africa 26 1.16.3 Brucellosis in Tanzania 28 1.17 Control of brucellosis 29 1.18 Rationale and objectives of the study 32 1.18.1 Rationale 32 1.18.2 The objectives of the study were: 34 2. Materials and Methods 35 2.


This article deals with the Finnish army's failure to acquire anti-tank weapons in the interwar period. Even though Finland was an early adopter of armor, anti-tank weapons became neglected when a clique of German-trained officers took control of the Finnish army in 1924. Disregarding practical evidence, they believed that Finnish terrain was impassable to armor, and therefore anti-tank defenses were unnecessary. Their beliefs were rooted in a nationalist conception of Finnist terrain as totally different from Central Europe, and were only challenged in the 1930's when formally trained officers started rising through the ranks. Once they questioned the prevailing orthodoxy and practical experiments were performed, it became clear that Finnish terrain was not so unique after all.
Even after the need for anti-tank weapons was understood, the chaotic state of the Finnish armed forces delayed procurement. There was no formal procurement process, and weapon system evaluations were carried out by small, over-worked committees. When the decision was made to procure 37mm anti-tank guns from Bofors, national industrial policy intervened, and instead of buying guns from Sweden, complex schemes to create joint Finnish-Swedish armament production were developed. When these came to naught, it was decided to create a state-owned munitions plant, effectively from scratch. After a 1935 decision to procure the guns, the first pieces were delivered in October 1939; barely over a month before the Soviet invasion.


From the viewpoint of scientific education and humanistic education,combining with the historical background,this essay gives an analysis of the forming of Qian We-chang's thinking in college education and probes into the enlightenment of this thinking of mixing science with humanism on the current development of Chinese higher education.


New frontiers are emerging in our understanding of the biology of prostate cancer. Four topics are addressed in this article. The first topic addressed is the search for candidate genes for cancer susceptibility that are related to familial forms of prostate cancer. Second, the demonstration of a correlation between prostate cancer, shortened telomere lengths, and the appearance of telomerase activity as well as related findings regarding cellular senescence and immortalilty are presented. Third, epigenetic aspects of tumorigenesis, in particular, the recognition that cancer‐related genes only function within the context of certain cell types, are discussed. This tissue specificity is dictated, in part, by the cell matrix structures that serve to hard wire the interaction of the DNA with the external environment. Fourth, concepts recently developed in the fields of complexity and chaos theory are discussed that may offer a better understanding of the fundamental changes in tumor cell morphology and heterogeneity, which are hallmarks of the cancer state. Specifically, the authors discuss the concept that dynamic attractors may dictate the three‐dimensional organization of the DNA within the nucleus through interactions with the nuclear matrix. The nuclear matrix is a dynamic scaffolding structure, which temporally and spatially organizes the genome and plays a major role in determining tissue specificity. The authors believe that the new principles and concepts presented in this article will provide additional insight into prostate cancer as well as potential foci for future therapeutic interventions. Cancer 1995;75:2027–35.


PURPOSE: A power supply remote control apparatus and its control method are provided to discriminate making a call for telephone call itself from making a call to start an electronic device. CONSTITUTION: According to the power supply remote control apparatus(10) to start an electronic device, a start signal generator(13) is connected to the electronic device electrically and generates a start signal to start the electronic device. And a controller(11) compares a caller ID with a setting ID when the caller ID and a ring signal are received from a public switched telephone network(PSTN)(2), and then controls the start signal generator to generate the start signal if the caller ID is equal to the setting ID, and otherwise, controls to transfer the ring signal to a telephone terminal(6).


Six faba bean genotypes and the resultant fifteen F1's hybrids were evaluated for this investigation namely of these parents were Nubaria1, Nubaria 2, Sakha1, Sakha 3, Giza 843 and Icarus 710. Highly significant mean squares and wide variability were detected among tested genotypes for all traits under study. Mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for all studied traits except number of seeds / pod was insignificant. Such results indicated that both the magnitude of additive and additive by additive, inter action have an important role in controlling for these traits. High GCA/SCA ratio which largely exceeded the unity was detected for all characters. The results indicating that additive and additive by additive gene interactions were predominant and play important role for inheritance of these traits. The parents Giza 843 behaved as the earliest for maturity date and highest values for plant height, while parent Nubaria 2 was the best for number of pods / plant. The parent Nubaria 1 was the best one for seed yield/plant and 100 seed weight. The hybrid (Nubaria 2 X Sakha 1) was the earliest one among fifteen crosses, while cross (Nubaria 2 X Giza 843) was the tallest one and cross (Nubaria 1 X Sakha 3) gave highest values for number of branches / plant. The cross (Nubaria 2 X Giza 843) revealed highest values for number of pods / plant, while cross (Nubaria 1 x Giza 843) recorded highest values for number of seed / plant and number of seeds / pod. The cross (Nubaria 1 X Nubaria 2) was superior for seed yield / plant and 100 seed weight. Ten crosses recorded highly significant negative relative to mid-parent heterosis for flowering date, while one cross for maturity date. All crosses expressed highly significant positive heterotic effects to mid-parent for number of pods / plant except two crosses were insignificant. Respecting number of seeds / plant, ten crosses were significant positive except five crosses were insignificant and concerning seed yield / plant all crosses showed highly significant positive. Two crosses recorded highly significant negative heterosis relative to better parent for flowering date beside eleven crosses for number of branches, while ten crosses showed highly significant positive heterotic effect relative to better parent for plant height. The cross (Sakha 3 X Icarus 710) expressed highly significant positive for number of pods / plant, number of seeds / plant, number of seeds / pod, seed yield / plant and 100 seed weight (14.14, 34.49, 6.48, 48.65 and 10.52%), respectively. Estimates (GCA) of each parent showed that four parent Nubaria 2, Sakha 1, Sakha 3 and Giza 843 were good combiner for flowering and maturity date. Moreover, the parental Giza 843 and Nubaria 1genotypes were good combiner for plant height and number of branches / plant respectively. Nubaria 1 was found to be good combiner for yield and yield components traits. Four crosses had significant negative (SCA) for flowering date. Seven, four, three, four, four, five and three crosses exhibited significant positive (SCA) for plant height, number of branches / plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds / plant, number of seeds / pod, seed yield/plant and 100 seed weight.


In lowlands of Azerbaijan in arid mountainous places without forests annual and biannual plants are cultivated as the most valuable fodder crops and forages in agriculture. Some of these plants are planting vetch (Vicia sativa L.) , hairy vetch (V.villosa Roth.) , four seed vetch (V.tetrasperma Moench.) , large flower vetch (V.grandiflora Scop.) , yellowish vetch (V.lutea L.) , mixed vetch (V. hybrida L.) , vetch with lash (V.ciliatula Lipsky) , greyish vetch (V.cinerea MB) , hyrkan vetch (V.hyrcanica F. et M.) and so on. Planting vetch (V.sativia L.) is an annual or biannual plant with the height of 80 cm. It is grown in all lowlands and arid mountainous regions of Azerbaijan. It has been cultivated in Azerbaijan since the ancient times. Its seeds contain 30 % natural protein. It is widely used in feeding for domestic poultry. It is threshed and mixed with rough forage and it is eaten by the domestic animals, livestock willingly. There are 0.027- 0.067% acid sinil and glucose in its seeds; but its green shoots have less than 10- 15 times from these compositions. Up to the end of the development of this plant, the amount of acid sinil is considerably little. As it is considered one of the best forage, it is cultivated in the irrigated lowlands. It would be better to use it widely in Peninsula, Absheron; Azerbaijan, in order to form and create a powerful forage base. Grayish vetch (V.cinerea MB) is an annual many ramified plant with 20-30 cm height. It is spread in many regions of Azerbaijan. It is good green food for animals in early stage of its growing. It is eaten by cattle, livestock as a dry and green grass in the pastures. When it blossoms, it is not so tasty for animals to eat. According to its dry weight there is 9,04% dust (ash) , 23,88% protein, 22,75% albumin, 4,91% oil, 15,10% cellulose and 47,04% extractive substances without nitrogen. It is advisable to cultivate it widely for its importance as forage.


Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) has been attributed to varied roles in DNA repair, cell cycle, cell death, etc. Our previous reports demonstrate the role of PARP‐1 during Dictyostelium discoideum development by its constitutive downregulation as well as by PARP‐1 ortholog, ADP ribosyl transferase 1 A (ADPRT1A) overexpression. The current study analyses and strengthens the function of ADPRT1A in multicellular morphogenesis of D. discoideum. ADPRT1A was knocked out, and its effect was studied on cAMP signalling, chemotaxis and development of D. discoideum.


Safety is the eternal subject for railway transportation and safety assessment has become the most effective method in modern safety management at the present time.Based on the point of safety assessment,the factors which affect railway transportation safety are analyzed,concluding that human is the main factor affecting the railway transportation safety.Research and discussions on railway safety assessment methods at home and abroad are also conducted,and the differences between them are found out,as well as some problems existed in the research,which offers some views for railway safety assessment.


This paper evaluates France's conflict resolution strategy by taking into account Cote d'Ivoire's internal dynamics and the wider international context over the last two decades. Contrary to the prevailing opinion, it will be argued that France, given the circumstances, has undertaken a successful conflict resolution strategy. The controversial implication of France in the 1994 Rwandan genocide made any further French military intervention on the African continent extremely problematic. In the case of the intervention in Cote d'Ivoire, however, France has succeeded in pursuing its interests with full national and international support. Much of the legitimacy of its conflict resolution strategy derives from both the lack of motivation of other international players to act and the inability of African multilateral organizations, such as ECOWAS, to cope with security issues. Since international organizations have been unable to act appropriately, accusations of French neo-colonialism made by the Gbagbo regime and the "young patriots" have never been fully addressed, and the true reconciliation and unification of Ivorian society has been hindered.


Cryptomelane type manganese dioxides (α-MnO_2, OMS-2) are interesting potential cathode materials due to the ability of their one dimensional (1D) tunnels to reversibly host various cations including Li^+ and an accessible stable 3+/4+ redox couple. Here, we synthesized metal cation free OMS-2 materials where the tunnels were occupied by only water and hydronium ions. Water was subsequently removed from the tunnels. Cation free OMS-2 and Dry-OMS-2 were used as cathodes in Li based batteries to investigate the role of tunnel water on their electrochemistry. The initial discharge capacity was higher for Dry-OMS-2 (252 mAh/g) compared to OMS-2 (194 mAh/g), however, after 100 cycles Dry-OMS-2 and OMS-2 delivered 137 mAh/g and 134 mAh/g, respectively. Li^+ ion diffusion was more facile for Dry-OMS as evidenced by rate capability, at 400 mA/g. Dry-OMS-2 delivered 135mAh/g whereas OMS-2 delivered ~115 mAh/g. This first report of the impact of tunnel water on the electrochemistry of OMS-2 type materials demonstrates that the presence of tunnel water in OMS-2 type materials negatively impacts the electrochemistry.


Based on extensive practice,this paper sums up the influence of livestock breeding wastewater on environment and the technologies for the treatment of livestock breeding wastewater for providing some technological references for vast sci-tech workers and livestock breeding enterprises.


This study was carried out to investigate the possible bacterial causes affecting the productivity of the breeder hens. The hens under test were positive for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and negative for Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum (S. g-p) as tested by serum agglutination test. Ovaries with lesions were bacteriologically and serologically proven to have 12 bacterial isolates including three un-typed E. coli, one O11, and one O78; three Staphylococcus aureus; one S.g-p; two Proteus and one Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates. The antibiogram of the two identified E. coli strains, S. g-p as well as P. aeruginosa showed variable sensitivity. The tested organisms were very sensitive to colistin and enrofloxacin. The selected E. coli, S.g-p and P. aeruginosa strains proved to be pathogenic to 3-day-old chicks, with induction of clinical signs, mortalities, post mortem lesions and adverse effect on the body weight gain. On the other hand, E. coli O78 was more pathogenic than O 11. The use of the abovementioned drugs for controlling of those infections in chicks was effective as indicated by the results of the in vitro test. It is important to carry out bacteriological examination to the breeder flocks in order to investigate the bacterial affections with estimation of changes in their sensitivity to the used antibiotics.


An ion polymer metal composite (IPMC) is an electro-active polymer that bends in response to a small applied electrical field as a result of the mobility of cations in the polymer network and vice versa. The aim of this paper is the identification of a novel accurate nonlinear black-box model (NBBM) for IPMC actuators with self-sensing behavior based on a recurrent multi-layer perceptron neural network (RMLPNN) and a self-adjustable learning mechanism (SALM). Firstly, an IPMC actuator is investigated. Driving voltage signals are applied to the IPMC in order to identify the IPMC characteristics. Secondly, the advanced NBBM for the IPMC is built with suitable inputs and output to estimate the IPMC tip displacement. Finally, the model parameters are optimized by the collected input/output training data. Modeling results show that the proposed self-sensing methodology based on the optimized NBBM model can well describe the bending behavior of the IPMC actuator corresponding to its applied power without using any measuring sensor.


The internal flow field of an aero-engine vane pump was simulated with the function of the secondary development of computational fluid dynamics software Star-cd.The impacts of incorporating/neglecting the cavitation model on simulation results,the gap size between the tip of vane and stator of vane pump were analysized.The sizes and positions of cavitation in vane pump were predicated under different working conditions.The simulation results demonstrate that cavitation is generated,developed and collapsed during the rotation of rotor,which leads to accumulation and release of the mass of oil,correspondingly to a reduced and increased area of cavitation respectively,and the transient volume flow rate of inlet is stable while that of outlet fluctuates significantly.The simulation results show the difference between cycle averaged valume flow rate at inlet/outlet and total averaged volume flow rate is less than 1.5%,and the difference between total averaged volume flow rate and averaged volume flow rate obtained from the experiment of the vane pump is less than 3%.The simulation results also demonstrate that expanding the gap between the tip of vane and the stator results in a decrease of the average volume flow rate of the vane pump and an increase in the leakage,which can be seen from that the averaged volume flow rate of the gap size equaling 0.07 mm is reduced 3.1%relative to that of the gap size equaling 0.02 mm.It is estimated that if the inlet duct is designed to face the suction port,the flow resistance andthe area of cavitation can be reduced.