The magnetization reversal processes for L10-FePt(001) particulate films before and after Ar ion irradiation were experimentally investigated, and the size of the defect region (2r0) and the effective demagnetization factor (Neff) were evaluated based on a phenomenological analysis. A large coercivity (Hc) of 30.4kOe, which originates from the particulate structure, drastically reduced after ion irradiation. The phenomenological analysis showed the increase of 2r0 by irradiating Ar ions, which clearly indicates that Hc is closely related with the size of 2r0. In addition, the FePt particulate films show large Neff, which may arise from the large dipole interaction between particles and the distribution of particle sizes and shapes.


This paper analyzes how homosexuality was portrayed in Spanish cinema and television during the Franco dictatorship. Our findings show that three main strategies were used in order to elude the censor: concealing (using implicit references), caricature (exaggerating stereotypes) and appropriation (a priori re-reading of non-homosexual discourses). We also study how contemporary cinema and television portrays homosexuality as it was during Francoism, with trends such as the recovery of historical homosexual characters, a harsh reflection of the prevailing repression, and a defusing of the issue with the generation of discourses closer to contemporary rather than historical sensibility.


The study examined the effect of firms' growth indicators on operational performance of selected firms in Nigeria. Firm size  and profitability  firms'  are the proxies for operational performance while Return on Assets was the measure for financial performance. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. Data were sourced from the financial statement of firms studied. Multiple regressions were used for analysis. Results show that firm size and profitability have significant a negative and insignificant effect on Return on Assets. The paper recommends that firms should strive to increase firms size and profitability at a level that will positively and significantly affect Return on Assets. Keywords: Firms' Financial Indicators , Firms' Size, Profitability,  Operational Performance,  Return on Assets.


Behaviour of copper and aluminium oxidation by nonequilibrium electrolysis was investigated. Infl uence of synthesis conditions (kind of electrolyte, concentration of its solution, synthesis temperature) on metal oxidation was estimated. Oxidation rate depends on synthesis conditions, but it is limited to metal nature. Stability both metal and products of metal oxidation to electrolyte ions is the main condition of synthesis of metal oxides. Sodium chloride is the best electrolyte according to this condition. Formation of intermediate copper-aluminium species is the reason of signifi cant increase of copper oxidation rate. According to X-ray analysis copper (I) oxide and semi-crystallized boehmite are only produced during nonequilibrium electrolysis irrespective of synthesis conditions. Depending on concentration of electrolyte solution and temperature there is opportunity to receive copper-aluminium oxide system that contain up to 25 wt % CuO.


For more than a century and a half it has been widely-believed (but was never rigorously shown) that the physics of diffraction imposes certain fundamental limits on the resolution of an optical system. However our understanding of what exactly can and cannot be resolved has never risen above heuristic arguments which, even worse, appear contradictory. In this work we remedy this gap by studying the diffraction limit as a statistical inverse problem and, based on connections to provable algorithms for learning mixture models, we rigorously prove upper and lower bounds on the statistical and algorithmic complexity needed to resolve closely spaced point sources. In particular we show that there is a phase transition where the sample complexity goes from polynomial to exponential. Surprisingly, we show that this does not occur at the Abbe limit, which has long been presumed to be the true diffraction limit.


Oxidative activation of resinous wood surfaces by a corona treatment to improve adhesive bonding was studied. It was found that the wettability of the veneers, including hardwoods, softwoods, and tropical woods increased with an increase in the degree of treatment, and the gluability increased rapidly after the initial mild treatment. To elucidate the nature of any chemical change occurring on the wood surface, the dyeing examination of the wood and its components with Schiff's reagent was made, and the results showed a higher dyeing ability for corona-treated samples compared to untreated ones, indicating that aldehyde groups increased by the corona treatment. The treatment affected the alcohol-benzene extractives, and oxidized them to produce aldehyde groups. Especially, the neutral fraction in the extractives was significantly affected. On the other hand, negligible chemical effects of the treatment on the surface modification of the wood's main components were seen. Both the untreated and corona-treated samples adsorbed basic dye to the same extent of coloration. Thus, no measurable carboxyl groups increased on the surface of the samples. It seems that an increase in the wettability of corona-treated wood veneers resulted mainly from the oxidation of the high hydrophobic surface layer of neutral fraction substances in the extractives, and from the reduction in their hydrophobicity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Using the publication history of the Bible, among other titles, as an example, Lipscombe discusses the inherent problems of publishing collections of essays, festschrifts, conference proceedings, translations, and sourcebooks. Issues including the scholarly merit of such publications, the difficulties of editorial and production coordination, and the diminishing popularity of such book projects are addressed.


The statistics qualities of passive scalar in homogeneous, isotropic and stationary turbulence with a mean scalar gradient are investigated via DNS (Reλ 25 and 48, Pr from 0.3 to 4.0 ). Results show that PDFs of passive scalar in all runs computed are closely Gaussian, and those of scalar dissipation rate, which have an visible prolonged tail in their left parts, depart from the log-normal distribution. With the increment of Pr number, it is found that skewness of scalar gradient in mean scalar gradient direction decreases in runs, which they have the same Reynolds number, and saturated phenomena of influence of vorticity are found at near Batchelor scale. By analyzing the dynamics of scalar gradient, it can be presumed that these results are due to the rotation effect of vorcity, which can effectively promote reorientation of scalar small structures.


Saunders' Q & A review for the physical therapy board examination / , Saunders' Q & A review for the physical therapy board examination / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


Introduction: Detection of rabies antigen in brain tissues of slaughtered dogs for human consumption could be an interface in rabies transmission from slaughtered dogs to the processors. This study determined the presence of rabies antigen in brain tissues of slaughtered dogs for human consumption in Billiri, Gombe State and the public health factors associated with dog processing in the study area.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the presence of rabies antigen in 118 brain tissues of slaughtered dogs using direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and Pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 56 dog processors to assess possible public health risks factors associated with dog processing in the study area.
Results: Result revealed 9 (7.6%) of dog brain tissues were positive for rabies antigen. Dogs sourced from Borno had higher prevalence 11.4%, than Yobe and Gombe with 7.7% and 7.0% respectively. Out of the 56 respondents involved in the study, 38 (67.9%) were bitten by dogs and none received post-exposure vaccination against rabies. There was statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the nerve tissue splashing, cuts incurred during dog processing and dog bite. Majority 51 (91.1%) of the respondents' preferred traditional method of bite wound treatment following dog bite.
Significance: The presence of rabies antigen detected in slaughtered dogs poses risks of exposure to dog processors in Billiri, Gombe State. There is need for adequate public health education on rabies prevention and anti-rabies vaccination of all dog processors in the area.


The purpose of this research study is to determine the level of influence of parental education, social and financial status on their senior college students by encouraging them to pursue higher degrees. The sample of the study was 313 senior college students randomly selected from private and public universities in Kuwait to answer the questionnaire. Then followed by interviewing some of these 313 students for triangulation. The result of the findings shows that the impact of parents on college student's academic achievement should be mediated through college student's own self-perception and the environments in which students grew up. The findings show that there is a strong influence and positive motivations on the development of the students' own beliefs. Moreover, the study shows other factors such as the family socioeconomic background, the students' social influences, the students' academic achievement, in addition to the educational achievement of both parents which all have impact on students' decisions to pursue higher degrees.


ABSTRACT The paper adopts a postmodern perspective to account for post-2000 electoral urban politics in the Municipality of Stellenbosch in South Africa's Western Cape Province. It seeks to (1) explain the politics of reaction, the politics of resistance (or reconstruction), and the cultural politics of difference and identity that characterize a South African municipality; (2) study the reversals in the politics of reaction, the politics of resistance and the new cultural politics of difference and identity that characterize a South African municipality after political floor crossing and regime change; and (3) discuss the consequences of political floor crossing and a change in the political 'hegemon' for place-making and the 'geography of difference' at the municipal level in South Africa. It concludes that the Stellenbosch case highlights, within the context of postmodern urban politics, critical elements of the new cultural politics of multiplicity, difference and identity, and strategic alliances.


As an essential apparatus in resonance grounding systems, the arc suppression coil is widely used in rejecting the single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault of distribution networks. How-ever, the resistive ground-fault current cannot be compensated by an arc suppression coil (ASC). As a novel active arc suppression device, the hybrid flexible arc suppression device (HFASD) composed of ASC and flexible arc suppression device (FASD) can eliminate the capacitive component of ground-fault current and the resistive component of ground-fault current. After the SLG fault occurs, the FASD from stand-alone mode to grid-connected mode may lead to switching transients, affecting the stability of distribution networks. The soft grid connection (SGC) strategy can achieve low or without transient response during the grid synchronization of FASD to the grid. Thus, the HFASD based on SGC strategy and segmented proportional-integral-differential (SPID) and second-order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (SOGI-PLL) control method is proposed for rejecting the current and voltage overshoot responses during the process of grid synchronization of FASD in this paper. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the benefit of the proposed method is indicated in comparison with the non-SGC (NSGC) strategy.


This article describes current environments for popular simulation languages and simulators. Examples are given using one simulation language and one simulator. The selection of simulation software is discussed.


The fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is a generalization of the well-known Fourier transform. The FRFT depends on an order parameter a and can be interpreted as an a-th power of the ordinary Fourier transform operator. This tool has found widespread applications in areas such as optics, wave propagation analysis, signal and image processing, solving of differential equations, mechanical vibrations analysis, quantum mechanics. The paper focuses on the use of FRFT in an automotive application to estimation of the knock intensity in a spark ignition engine. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method provides high accuracy with low computational complexity.


In this paper,we use sounding observation data as well as the FY-2D weather satellite imagery,Doppler weather radar,and other unconventional data,and adopt synoptic diagnosis method to carry out a diagnostic analysis on a local rainstorm appeared in Qingyuan.The results show that:(1) In the course of this local rainstorm,the instable air flow of the subtropical high pressure edge and the air flow upward motion before southern trough are the synoptic scale systems and large-scale circulation background of this local rainstorm;(2) Before the occurrence of rainstorm,the instability energy in the atmosphere is constantly accumulating in order to create a favorable environmental condition for the formation of mesoscale system;(3) Terrain and precipitation are closely related,small-scale topography enhances the air flow upward motion,resulting in the continuous generation and development of local convective clouds.


Objective To analyze the outcome of idarubicin-intensified myeloablastive conditioning regimen in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Methods From August 2004 to July 2009, 12 patients with MDS were treated with alIo-PBSCT following the idarubicin-intensified conditioning regimen. The conditioning regimen was idarubicin (15 mg/m~2), continuous intravenous infusion for 20 h, days-12 to-10; busulfan (0.8 mg/kg), intravenous infusion every 6 h, days-6 to-4; cyclophosphamide (1.8 g/m~2), intravenous infusion every 6 h, days-3 to-2; cyclosporine A combined with short-term methotrexate was used for the prophylaxes of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD). Results All twelve patients achieved Trilineage engraftment, and were well tolerated to this regimen. Eight patients survived, and the overall survival was 66.7%, disease-free survival (DFS) 58.3%. Two patients relapsed. OS for neither WHO subgroups nor IPSS subgroups had statistically significant difference. Conclusion Allo-PBSCT with idarubicin-inteusified conditioning regimen is an effective treatment with reduction of the relapse rate for MDS patients.

Key words:
Transplantation conditioning; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Myelodysplastic syndromes


Using GPRS technology,combined with the ARM-μC/OS-Ⅱ platform,an intelligent monitoring device is designed to realize remote environment and security via GSM SMS.In the aspect of hardware,the system configuration,interface and peripherals were introduced while in the aspect of software,the realization of wireless telecommunications of GPRS under ARM-μC/OS-Ⅱ and the alarm information workflow is discussed.And the device has the characteristic of stabilization,credibility,mobility,easy operation and low costs etc.


We study a detection-theoretic approach to steganalysis. The relative entropy between covertext and stegotext determines the steganalyzer's difficulty in discriminating them, which in turn defines the detectability of the stegosystem. We consider the case of Gaussian random covertexts and mean-squared embedding constraint. We derive a lower bound on the relative entropy between covertext and stegotext for block-based embedding functions. This lower bound can be approached arbitrarily closely using a spread-spectrum method and secret keys with large entropy. The lower bound can also be attained using a stochastic quantization index modulation (QIM) encoder, without need for secret keys. In general, perfect undetectability can be achieved for blockwise memoryless Gaussian covertexts. For general Gaussian covertexts with memory, the relative entropy increases approximately linearly with the number of blocks observed by the steganalyzer. The error probabilities of the best steganalysis methods decrease exponentially with the number of blocks.


1, Please discuss the condition that the assumption of the decorrelation between the analysis error and the model error is valid. 2, Since the prediction error is obtained from the tangent linear model, its validity depends on the error magnitude and the forecast range. Thus the method proposed in this paper also depends on the error magnitude and the forecast range? Please discuss. 3, There are many formulas in the paper, please make sure all the symbols have been explained. For example, what is the meaning of subscript "q"? 4, To what extend can the PKF approximation provide the estimation of model-error covariance characteristics? Will it depend on the complexity of the model?


In order to realize prostate cancer aided diagnosis, an ensemble SVM which based on kernel functions and feature selection is proposed. Firstly statistical, texture and invariant moment features of the prostate ROI in the MRI images are extracted. Secondly SVM parameters are disturbed by different kernel functions in different features space, and the first integration is carried out by relative majority voting. Thirdly the first results of ensemble are integrated by relative majority voting again; Finally, MRI images of prostate patients are regarded as original data, and the new ensemble SVM is utilized to aided diagnosis. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of prostate cancer.


— Power system engineers face a serious problem due to harmonics produced by various nonlinear loads as they negatively affect the quality of the power system. As of late, numerous discoveries have focused on diminishing the harmonics by presenting different filtering strategies at the load side. This paper presents another idea of diminishing current harmonics at the source side of several non-linear loads utilizing SAPF and ANN controller. To examine the presentation of this recognizable proof strategy, the study has been practiced utilizing simulation with MATLAB Simulink power System Toolbox. The simulation study consequences of this novel procedure contrasted with other comparable techniques are found very palatable by guaranteeing great satisfying qualities and high system stability.


The previous speaker, David Tennant from the Care Financial Counselling Service, has given some specific examples and case studies that illustrate the impact of law reform for individual consumers. In this paper, I will take a step back from that detailed picture, and look at the broader framework that underpins and influences the law reform efforts of Care and similar agencies. My comments will be from a policy/research background, and will complement David's comments from a casework perspective.


Genetic diversity of 52 soybean germplasm resources had been evaluated by 47 SSR loci in this study.The results indicated that 411 alleles were detected,and the number of alleles was from 3 to 21 and the mean alleles per locus was 8.75.The distribution of Simpson index was 0.5506-0.9357 and the mean Simpson index was 0.8061,meanwhile,the distribution of Shannon-weaver index was 0.9083-2.8440 and the mean Shannon-weaver index was 1.8386.The range of Nei-Li similarity coefficient was from 0.5547 to 0.8589 with average value of 0.6775.It indicated that these materials had abundant genetic diversity.The results of clustering showed that 52 materials were divided into three groups by setting similarity coefficient at 0.666.GroupⅠincluded 20 materials almost from Hangjiahu,Taizhou,Lishui area;GroupⅡ included 24 materials almost from Shaoxing,Jinhua,Quzhou,Lishui area;Group Ⅲ included 8 materials almost from Jinhua,Quzhou area.It indicated that the clustering of SSR had no dose relationship with origins or eco-type of the materials,but were related to plant height or growth habit


Software development and maintenance activities can be negatively impacted by the presence of technical debt. One of its consequences is the software quality decrease. In order to produce better software, the evolution of technical debt needs to be monitored. However, this is not a trivial task since it usually requires the analysis of large amount of data and different types of debt. The areas of metrics and software visualization can be used to facilitate the monitoring of technical debt. This paper presents an open source tool called VisMinerTD that uses software metrics and visualization to support developers in software comprehension activities including the identification and monitoring of technical debt. VisMinerTD brings a new perspective to the hard work of identifying and monitoring technical debt evolution on software projects. Moreover, the user can easily plug new metrics and new visual metaphors to address specific technical debt identification and monitoring activities.


In order to adapt to the achievement of large-scale topographic data of the massive real-time visualization,people study a variety of terrain rendering algorithm.The Mipmap and Clipmap are two popular algorithms.We discuss the basic idea,data and implementation process of this two algorithms.Finally,we discuss the improvement method and future research directions of Clipmap algorithm.


Substantial renovations in hardware cache have been focused on reducing cache interference between workloads recently. However, cache conflicts within each workload are surprisingly overlooked. The paper identifies that cache conflicts cannot be effectively reduced in virtualized clouds. Enhancements for cache partitioning, such as Intel cache allocation technology, make cache conflicts even more serious for cloud workloads. The paper proposes CoPlace as a low overhead and highly portable solution for virtualized clouds. CoPlace enhances the page placement mechanisms implemented in the host OS, such that it can collaborate with the guest OS to reduce cache conflicts. With CoPlace, the guest OS makes page placement decisions; and the host OS helps enforce the decisions. Evaluation based on the prototype implementation in Linux and KVM and diverse real world applications shows that CoPlace can significantly reduce cache conflicts and improve application performance.


Glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyesters were prepared by hand lay-up technique. Effect of clay conditions and loading, as well as mixing time on tensile modulus, flammability, and wear resistance were evaluated. In general, the results showed that there might be two possible structures, dispersed and agglomerated, in the composite samples. The modulus results showed that the effect of clay drying, as well as higher filler loading increase the property. In contrast, the mixing time resulted in negative effect on modulus. The improvement on modulus and flammability might be influenced by clay dispersion due to shear and viscosity change, while the decrease on modulus and wear resistance might be caused by agglomerated structures due to lubrication effect of moisture content, and less crosslink point caused by styrene evaporation.


The spin accumulation in a n-GaAs channel produced by spin extraction into a (Ga,Mn)As contact is measured by cross-sectional imaging of the spin polarization in GaAs. The spin polarization is observed in a 1 μm thick n-GaAs channel with the maximum polarization near the contact edge opposite to the maximum current density. The one-dimensional model of electron drift and spin diffusion, frequently used, cannot explain this observation. It also leads to incorrect spin lifetimes from Hanle curves with a strong bias and distance dependence. Numerical simulations based on a two-dimensional drift-diffusion model, however, reproduce the observed spin distribution quite well and lead to realistic spin lifetimes.


This volume traces the cultural history of natural history museums from their origins in the 18th century through the present day, by tracing the changing attitudes and philosophies that influence the public displays of major natural history museums. The author includes anecdotes and stories, showing the development over time from displays of individual collectors' curios and occasionally gruesome oddities, to the more politically sensitive and intellectually ambitious exercises in public education that constitute the modern day permanent exhibitions at museums. The dichotomy between the front window, exhibit portion of natural history museums, and the backstage areas where scientific work goes forward, and the dual roles and missions served by this cultural institution, are all portrayed.


Seven nests of four hornet ( Vespa) species collected around Chiang Mai, northern Thailand were described. Species observed were: V. affinis (2 nests), V. mocsaryana (2), V. velutina (2), and V. tropica (1). Three species coexisted on the Campus of Chiang Mai University. First reliable record of the colony composition of V. mocsaryana was presented. All the nests had only one foundress queen in July/August (mid- to late polyethic stage).


Teaching approaches and effectiveness have become more closely aligned with technology in establishing curriculums and disseminating course instructions. To the extent that Cengage MindTap and other digital learning tools are utilized offers a platform for measuring learning effectiveness through grade outcomes. This analysis considers university business classes within the core curriculum and as part of a finance major elective to measure if the use of such tool is statistically associated with higher grades. Independent variables analyzed are homework (HW), quizzes, and exams. Mixed results conclude that each independent variable in a simple regression produces stronger coefficients of determination with higher beta values in classes where MindTap is used but the association is less robust in a multivariate analysis. Mean grades collectively for all courses where MindTap was used were 80.49 compared to 79.42 for courses taught without MindTap.


The Japanese Virtual Observatory (JVO) portal (http://jvo.nao.ac.jp/portal/) is a web portal for accessing astronomical data and analysis system through the Internet. In 2009 and 2010, we developed two new data access interfaces: JVOSky and command-line access interfaces. To enable user to perform all sky search based on SED properties of celestial objects, we experimentally used the Hadoop for performing cross-match of 10 billions of photometric records in the JVO Digital Universe.


The numerical hydroelastic method is used to study the structural response of a hexagon enclosed platform (HEP) of flexible module rigid connector (FMRC) structure that can provide life accommodation, ship berthing and marine supply for ships sailing in the deep ocean. Six trapezoidal floating structures constitute the HEP structure so that it is a symmetrical very large floating structure (VLFS). The HEP has the characteristics of large area and small depth, so its hydroelastic response is significant. Therefore, this paper studies the structural responses of a hexagon enclosed platform of FMRC structure in waves by means of a 3D potential-flow hydroelastic method based on modal superposition. Numerical models, including the hydrodynamic model, wet surface model and finite element method (FEM) model, are established, a rigid connection is simulated by many-point-contraction (MPC) and the number of wave cases is determined. The load and structural response of HEP are obtained and analyzed in all wave cases, and frequency-domain hydroelastic calculation and time-domain hydroelastic calculation are carried out. After obtaining a number of response amplitude operators (RAOs) for stress and time-domain stress histories, the mechanism of the HEP structure is compared and analyzed. This study is used to guide engineering design for enclosed-type ocean platforms.


ABSTRACT This paper presents the first framework (up to the authors' knowledge) to address time-varying objectives in finite-horizon Deep Reinforcement Learning (DeepRL), based on a switching control solution developed on the ground of Bellman's principle of optimality. By augmenting the state space of the system with information on its visit time, the DeepRL agent is able to solve problems in which its task dynamically changes within the same episode. To address the scalability problems caused by the state space augmentation, we propose a procedure to partition the episode length to define separate sub-problems that are then solved by specialised DeepRL agents. Contrary to standard solutions, with the proposed approach the DeepRL agents correctly estimate the value function at each time-step and are hence able to solve time-varying tasks. Numerical simulations validate the approach in a classic RL environment.


Research aims: The article aims to describe corporate governance (CG) characteristics and the extent of earnings management (EM) practices in non-financial firms listed on the Palestine Exchange from 2011 to 2018.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed the quantitative methodology. Collected data were summarized quantitatively using descriptive analysis with STATA 14. CG data were retrieved manually from published annual financial reports, while financial data for the EM calculation were collected from Thomson ONE.Research findings: Listed non-financial firms in Palestine only moderately complied with the Palestinian Code of Corporate Governance. Some Palestinian firms have also established an audit committee, one of the most important corporate governance mechanisms.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The findings provide insight into CG and EM in Palestine for regulators and policymakers. Practitioner/Policy implication: The results can assist policymakers in strengthening existing regulations and updating the current code of CG or introducing new policies to mitigate EM.


Biorefinery: Producing biologically-based products and energy from biomass Oviposi�on: The laying of eggs Pathogens: A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease Prions: An infec�ous, transmissible protein thought to be the cause of TSE Substrate: The material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment Valorisa�on: Recovering of value from disposed materials, especially by the food and agricultural industries BSE: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ('mad cow disease') BSF: Black Soldier Fly EC: European Commission EFSA: European Food Safety Authority PAP: Processed Animal Protein TSE: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS Waste Streams Collec�on & Distribu�on


ABSTRACT White yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important tuber crop of West Africa and the Caribbean, and one of the key limiting factors in its production is the availability of good quality planting material. The Adaptive Yam Minisett Technique (AYMT) was designed to help overcome this constraint. The paper presents an analysis of agronomic and economic data collected across four years (2013 to 2016) of AYMT plots planted in two areas within the middle-belt of Nigeria. Of the 136 plots that were established, 11% were lost to flooding and damage from Fulani cattle. Mean yield was 13.16 t/ha, 17,747 tubers/ha and the mean tuber weight was 0.73 kg. Plot yield declined with an increase in planting time, while plots owned by female farmers were on average planted later than those owned by their male counterparts; this helps explain the effect of gender noted in a previous study. Differences in yield were also noted between the two areas, which could also partly be explained by differences in planting time. The plots were profitable, with a mean cost over the four years of Naira 915,196/ha, revenue of Naira 3,197,786/ha and gross margin of Naira 2,282,591/ha (equivalent to US$4,039, US$14,319 and US$10,280 respectively). The main factor influencing costs and revenue was year, with no effect of gender. There is a need for more research on planting time in AYMT and how it interacts with factors, such as yam variety.


INTRODUCTION: Central neuraxial blocks with local anaesthetics are popular techniques of anaesthesia which have been extensively used for lower abdominal surgery. Subarachnoid block is a simple technique which requires a small dose of local anaesthetic to provide rapid and reliable surgical anaesthesia and minimal risk of drug toxicity. Duration of spinal anaesthesia may be prolonged by addition of opioids, clonidine, neostigmine, or vasoconstrictor agents to the local anesthetic drug for better post-op pain relief. Intrathecal addition of a low dose of α2-agonist like clonidine or dexmedetomidine results in significant prolongation of the duration of the sensory and motor blockade induced by hyperbaric bupivacaine. This study is designed to investigate the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on the duration of sensory and motor blockade induced by intrathecal administration of bupivacaine, and its associated adverse events. AIMS AND OBJEVCTIVES: To determine effect of intravenous Dexmedetomidine on the duration of analgesia with spinal Bupivacaine for adult patients undergoing herniorrhaphy and to assess the incidence of intra operative side effects, if any. STUDY SETTING: This study was done under the department of Anaesthesiology, Azeezia Medical College from March 2013 to October 2013. STUDY DESIGN: A double blind prospective randomized control study was done.50 adults aged 20 to 60 years scheduled for herniorrhaphies were allocated into two study groups, named A and B using computer generated randomization. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSION: The duration of analgesia of subarachnoid block with heavy 0.5% bupivacaine with intravenous infusion of saline and dexmedetomidine were compared. Post-operative pain was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale. Duration of analgesia is the time taken from the administration of the drug to the time when the patient complains of pain of > 50 in Visual Analogue Scale. The duration of analgesia was longest in patients received intravenous dexmedetomidine along with spinal bupivacaine. There were no significant differences between the groups for the time of onset of sensory blockade and time to achieve maximum sensory blockade. Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were not clinically and statistically significant in both groups. Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was also similar in both the groups. Side effect like respiratory depression not observed in either group. In conclusion, Intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine added to subarachnoid block with bupivacaine offered prolonged analgesia in adult patients undergoing herniorrhaphies, without increasing the


Gas tungsten arc welding with an external magnetic field is proven to suppress weld defects while improving welding speed. A three-dimensional numerical model that considers interactions among the arc plasma, weld pool, metal vapor, and external magnetic field is developed. The influences of the external magnetic field and metal vapor on arc and weld pool behaviors are investigated. The external magnetic field has an important influence on the arc shape and the weld pool flow field. The metal vapor increases the arc radiation loss but decreases the conductivity and local current density.


The article describes the status, configuration, features, functions and classification and then points out the some problems which should be paid attention in design and construction of multi functions building park.


Essential oil was extracted from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens by hydro-distillation by placing 1kg of the washed fresh leaves in round bottom flasks set up with 1liter distilled water. The Mosquitocidal activity, mosquito larvae (larvicidal) and mosquito repellency effect were carried-out using standard modified methods. Percentage yield of the essential oils was gotten as 0.05%. The essential oil showed very strong larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae. There was low mortality rate at lower dose, at a concentration of 6.25ppm the mortality rate was 4% over a period of 6 hours, same concentration at 12 and 24 hours gave mortality rate of 11%. The LC50 and LC 90 at this concentration were 25.21 and 302.67 respectively. At a concentration of 12.50ppm a mortality rate of 4% was also recorded at 6 hours, at 12 and 24 hours 13% mortality were recorded, and same LC50 and LC90 with 6.25ppm. At concentration of 25.00ppm, 20%, mortality rate was recorded for 6 hours and 30% for both 12 and 24 hours, the LC50 and LC90 are 9.575 and 352.458 respectively. There were no significant differences at 50, 100 and 1000ppm, the mortality rate was 100% for the period of 6, 12 and 24 hours with LC50 and LC90 of 0.549 and 0.853 respectively. There was no record of death in the control even after 24 hours. It was observed that the amount of air that enters and leaves the cage affect the rate at which mosquitoes were repelled. In a group of mosquitoes kept in a cage with all sides open (ASO) 65% of the mosquitoes were repelled within 30 minutes while for one side open (OSO) and all sides closed (ASC), 73% and 85% of the mosquitoes were repelled within the same time frame. In a second experiment, 100% of mosquitoes were repelled from the surface of rats with shaven skin where essential oil was applied. The essential oil also demonstrated dose dependent mosquitocidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 6 and 21ppm respectively.


Electric Power Company distribution network's production risk management and control platform needs various offline and online status data in the status assessment work for its transmission and distribution equipment.However,these status data are scattered in different business systems,such as power outage maintenance plan(OMS),electricity production management system(PMS),online monitoring system,SCADA and so on.Each business system differs greatly in business model and data standards.In order to accurately and effectively extract the production of running status this paper proposes a universal data extraction and conversion method which can realize the extraction and conversion work of data with multiple models and sources and provide an running status dataset for the condition maintenance work of transmission and distribution equipment on the basis of extract transform load model(ETL).This method can lay a solid data foundation for production risk management and control platform of Electric Power Company in distribution network's production.


Effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on air gap discharge characteristics were studied by simulation experiments through a special model. The results show that in clean air environment the air gap discharge characteristics are mainly affected by the minimum air gap distance, while in the sand/dust–air environment the air gap discharge characteristics are affected by the swing amplitude and frequency as well as by the minimum air gap distance. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery and Chemical Corp., the United States Supreme Court ruled that a plaintiff could state a claim against a patent-holder for monopolization, even though patents normally confer antitrust immunity on their holders, so long as the plaintiff could prove that the defendant had committed fraud on the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). By contrast, even though federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a drug or medical device typically does not immunize the drug or device maker from state tort liability, the Court held in Buckman Co. v. Plaintiffs' Legal Committee that plaintiffs' state tort claim for fraud on the FDA was preempted by the federal regulatory scheme.How can these two decisions be reconciled? Courts assessing state law claims for commercial misconduct by patent-holders have struggled to apply a consistent rule for when fraud on the PTO overcomes the normal preemptive effect of federal patent law. At the same time, courts evaluating state products liability claims against drug and device makers have been confused by the reach of Buckman: Does it prohibit courts from second-guessing FDA determinations, is it a restriction on the admissibility of evidence of fraud on the agency, or does it apply only in its own unique - and peculiar - circumstance? We suggest that the correct answers to these questions - in both the antitrust and products liability contexts - can be found in a close examination of the Supreme Court's two holdings, and in a series of decisions by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit that attempt to articulate a clear line for when state law claims will survive preemption. Where plaintiffs allege, and can offer evidence of, fraud on either the PTO or the FDA plus all of the necessary elements of a traditional state law cause of action, federal law should not be understood to preempt their claims. But where plaintiffs nakedly allege fraud on the agency, without the essential elements of a recognized state-law claim, that claim will likely be found to be in conflict with, and therefore preempted by, federal law.This article begins with a brief summary of basic preemption doctrine and the standard application of that doctrine in the patent and products liability contexts. In Part II we turn our attention to fraud and the ways in which plaintiffs in private civil litigation may wish to use evidence of defendants' misconduct before a federal regulatory body. Next, we discuss the Supreme Court's seemingly disparate treatment of fraud on an agency in the Court's two leading cases touching upon this issue, Walker Process and Buckman. In Part IV we propose a principle - which we term the "fraud-plus principle" - derived from a close reading of the two decisions that reconciles their holdings and comports with broader preemption doctrine and federalism concerns. Finally, in Part V we examine case law that has considered the issue of preemption in light of either Walker Process or Buckman, and evaluate whether those decisions are consistent with the fraud-plus principle.


CVD diamond thick film tools have excellent superiority in machining accuracy, efficiency and tool lives because of high hardness, good wear resistance and super chemical stability. However, for some reasons, the cutting performance of CVD diamond thick film tools cannot be fully utilized in practical application. In order to improve this situation, the orthogonal test method was used to investigate the effects of tool geometry parameters and cutting parameters on the cutting performance of CVD diamond thick film tools based on AdvantEdge FEM. Cutting force and tool tip temperature were used as the evaluation index of tool performance to comprehensively optimize the tool geometry parameters and cutting parameters by matrix analysis method. The results show that the order of significant influence of each factor on tool performance evaluation index from high to low is cutting depth, feed, cutting speed, tool nose radius and relief angle. Under the certain cutting conditions, CVD diamond thick film tools can show better cutting performance when the relief angle is 15°, the tool nose radius is 0.8 mm, the cutting speed is 90 m/min, the feed is 0.05 mm/r and the cutting depth is 0.05 mm.


Experimental and theoretical results are presented concerning a method for providing three-dimensional spontaneous implosion of a magnetic mirror field. This is achieved by making the mirror field a propagating macroscopic wave in medium for which the wave velocity is a slowly changing function of position. Slowing down of the magnetic mirror wave causes WKB steepening and shortening—i.e., three-dimensional field compression—in a manner wherein the total magnetic field energy stays constant.


Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of cancer and its treatment, causing delay or interruptions in cancer therapy and increased risk of adverse outcomes including premature death. Little is known from large population-based cohort studies about the association between chemotherapy (chemo) and risk of AKI in elderly cancer patients (pts). Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data. Women diagnosed with stages I-III breast cancer (BC) at ages 66-89 years between 1992-2007 were included. We performed 1-1 sequential matching on time-dependent propensity score on the day of adjuvant chemo initiation within 6 months (mos) after the first surgery. Follow-up (F/U) began on the matching date and ended at AKI occurrence, chronic kidney disease diagnosis, death, change in enrollment status, or 6 mos after the matching date. For pts in the matched untreated cohort, F/U time was also censored at chemo initiation. Chemo was identified in claims through billing codes indicating drugs or administration. Regimens of interest included anthracyclines (A), CMF, taxanes (T, no anthracyclines), and others. AKI was identified in hospital claims. The cumulative incidence of AKI was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The association between adjuvant chemo and risk of AKI was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. The analyses were repeated by regimen type. Results: The matched study cohorts included 28,048 pts. The mean (standard deviation) F/U time was 6.0 (0.8) mos for the chemo cohort and 4.3 (2.5) mos for the matched no-chemo cohort. The cumulative incidence of AKI at mos 1, 3, and 6 was 0.24%, 0.50%, and 0.80% for pts receiving chemo, compared with 0.05%, 0.17%, and 0.30% for no-chemo pts ( P P Conclusion: Adjuvant chemo is associated with increased risk of AKI in elderly women diagnosed with early stage BC. This association may be partially explained by septicemia caused by infection/neutropenia due to use of myelosuppressive chemotherapeutic agents, highlighting the importance of preventing serious complications of chemo in preventing AKI. Citation Format: Shuling Li, Jiannong Liu, Beth A Virnig, Allan J Collins. Association between adjuvant chemotherapy and risk of acute kidney injury in elderly women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-29.


As two common control methods of the electric machine,power control and speed control have their advantages and disadvantages.Maximum wind power tracking method with mixed control strategy is proposed,based on the control strategy of the rotator excitation with fixed magnetic flux of the stator,and combined with power control and speed control.Under power control mode,the resulted stable rate is called "sub-primal point".Afterwards it is shifted to speed control,and the sub-primal point is regarded as the initial rate.Maximum power search is performed with climbing method with variable steps.This approach can realize MPPT fast and accurately even when the environmental factors are stilled unknown.Simulation tests show that the control strategy is effective and practical.


We show how high‐resolution magic angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopy can be used to characterize 13C‐labeled saccharides that have been prepared using solid‐phase synthesis techniques while they are still bound to a solid‐support resin. With the use of 13C‐labeled glucose as the starting material, we have successfully synthesized mono‐, di‐ and trisaccharides with uniform 13C labeling of the saccharide rings. Using these materials, we have been able to assign the 13C and 1H spectra and to characterize various impurities on the resin beads. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Philippines being a tropical archipelago with an estimated 27,000 square kilometers of coral reefs has too few trained specialists who can monitor, study, and promote measures to conserve its vast marine resources. Bringing specialists to survey a site comes at a cost while survey equipment can hardly be afforded by low-income municipalities or schools. In this paper I review a suite of coral reef assessment and visualization solutions we designed for low-cost, monitoring of the shallow marine environment either for resource management or for basic research.


Echo state networks (ESNs), that exhibit good performance for modeling a nonlinear or non-Gaussian dynamic system, have been widely used for time series prediction. However, estimating the output weights of the ESNs remains intractable. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is an effective estimate method, but its computational cost is relatively high. In this study, a MapReduce framework based parallelized EKF is proposed to learn the parameters of the network, in which two MapReduce based models are designed, and each of them is composed of a set of mapper and reducer functions. The mapper receives a training sample and generates the updates of the internal states or the output weights, while the reducer merges all updates associated with the same key to produce an average value. To verify the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method, an industrial data prediction problem coming from the blast furnace gas (BFG) system in steel industry is employed for the validation experiments, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed parallelized EKF can efficiently estimate the parameters of the ESN with good performance and computing time.


AIMS
To use an agroindustrial waste (orange peels) as a source of polyphenols as reducing medium for obtaining silver nanoparticles by greener method.

BACKGROUND
Several techniques have been employed for AgNPs synthesis, nevertheless, most of them involve the use of toxic chemicals in the process. The use of fungi, bacteria and plant extracts as subtracts for green synthesis are an ecofriendly alternative, although hypothetic, route for AgNPs large scale synthesis. In plant extracts case, is believed that polyphenols are the biomolecules responsible of reduction and stabilization of the Ag+ ions into AgNPs, being a sustainable and ecological option; polyphenols could be obtained from plant waste and agroindustrial subproducts.

OBJECTIVE
To develop an efficient, greener, and low-cost method of AgNPs production using natural products.

METHOD
The basic principle of silver nanoparticles synthesis is the interaction in a mixture of silver nitrate (source of Ag+ ions) and the orange peel extract (reducing and stabilizing agent) under certain conditions. Five treatments were carried out, evaluating several parameters during AgNPs synthesis as pH, orange peel extract-silver nitrate ratio, time and conditions of incubation, irradiation of UV light, irradiation of microwave and temperature.

RESULT
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles from an agroindustrial waste as the orange peel was successfully carried out and checked by visual evaluation, UV-Vis spectroscopy and EDS analysis. The particle size was estimated between 42.82 nm to 151.75 nm, having a spherical and ovoid morphology. Through the analysis of several synthesis conditions, it has become possible to establish a suitable treatment to increase antibacterial yield and evaluate morphology and size traits in order to acquire the best conditions for a future industrial scale synthesis.

CONCLUSION
The orange peel aqueous extract resulted a great source of polyphenols, allowing successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles in mild conditions. Other: Thus, obtained AgNPs revealed an increased antibacterial effect and potential against Grampositive bacteria as Staphyloccocus aureus.


Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) with an isolated deletion of chromosome 5q [del(5q)] is a relatively rare MDS variant (5%) characterized by a moderate to severe anemia and normal or elevated platelet count with modest neutropenia [1-3]. These latter features, in addition to its excellent response to lenalidomide, are likely what contribute for its favorable prognosis [3-5]. The somatic gain of function mutation in JAK2 V617F is a driving mutation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN), occurring in 97% of polycythemia vera (PV), 50-60% of essential thrombocytosis (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) [6]. This mutation results in constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway leading to increased proliferation and hypersensitivity to cytokines erythropoietin, IL-3, thrombopoietin, and GCSF. An allelic burden of JAK2 V617F mutation correlates with an increased risk of thrombosis and hemorrhage, as well as secondary fibrosis in MPN patients [7].


Abstract Estimates of the directional wave spectrum have been obtained from a data buoy in the southwest approaches to the British Isles. Four years of simultaneous wave and wind data measured at the data buoy were screened for conditions approaching full development. The observed frequency spectra were made nondimensional using the similarity law of Kitaigorodskii and then averaged over six wind speed classes. Comparisons are made with the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum for fully developed seas. For wind speeds (at the 10 m level) below 16 m s−1, the average spectrum lies consistently below the Pierson-Moskowitz form, while for higher wind speeds the spectra in the region of the peak have similar values to this spectrum. Similarly, values of the nondimensional wave energy are significantly lower than the Pierson-Moskowitz value for wind speeds less than 16 m s−1. For higher wind speeds, the nondimensional wave energy is close to the Pierson-Moskowitz value. The directional spread was studied using two parame...


This study probes into the occurrence of neonatal brain injury, explores the influencing factors of neonatal brain injury and puts forwards relevant suggestions, with a view to providing scientific basis for clinical effective preventive measures. The study selects 225 neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from March 2016 to May 2017 in Zhengzhou Children's Hospital and collects the related clinical data and the results of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for single factor chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS statistical software. The incidence rate of neonatal brain injury is 37.8%. Chorioamnionitis in pregnant women, mechanical ventilation during the neonatal period, and neonatal infection are independent risk factors for neonatal brain injury, while cesarean delivery is its protective factor (P<0.05). Risk factors for brain injury include chorioamnionitis in pregnant women, mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period, and neonatal infections, thus it is necessary to pay attention to the high-risk neonates before, during and after delivery, and take intervention measures to reduce the incidence rate of brain injury so as to improve the life quality of neonates.


Abstract 2-Aroyl-3,5-diarylthiophenes were prepared in very good yields by reaction of 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts or 2,4,6-triarylthiopyrylium salts with an aqeous solution of sodium sulfide and iodine at room temperature.


Countless analyses of 'freedom' have been motivated by two plausible assumptions: that a concept of freedom deserves a central role in our normative political theorizing and that these theories would be enhanced or strengthened if we could clarify this concept. I shall argue here that, even given these assumptions, most recent analyses of 'freedom' are virtually useless for political philosophy. My complaint is not specifically with the defective methods (positivism and overzealous linguistic analysis) used to craft so many of these analyses, nor with the obvious fact that they have often simply reflected the ideological preoccupations of their craftsmen. Rather, I believe that even some of the most exemplary analyses of 'freedom' are otiose because they analyze the wrong type of concept of freedom. It is not the one, I shall argue, that figures in or explicates the freedom-lover's intuitions about the value of freedom or the evil of constraining freedom. There are, of course, a great many "valid" concepts of freedom (in other words, there are many concepts for which the name 'freedom' is appropriate); or at the very least, there is no philosophically reputable way of showing that there are not.' And there are an indefinite number of ways we can group them into different conventional kinds or types of concepts of freedom. In this article I need only to categorize concepts of freedom in a rough-and-ready way according to the subject that can


The present invention relates to a signal processing for reproduction of the stereo underwater acoustic signal to allow as play aquatic environment the sound wave signal received at two points of the water through the stereo channel, such as a headphone air method and signal processing apparatus using the same. According to the present invention, to solve the bar problems of the conventional underwater acoustic signal processing method was not shown with respect to technical information, which reproduces the underwater acoustic signals in the air to the underwater sound to the same feel out of the water, the number of by estimates by listening out without checking the incidence of existing sources with numbers and graphs in air, on board during underwater work listening to the sound of water it is configured to easily identify the location of underwater noise source localization and recognition of underwater noise sources thereby increasing the power, the remote Of to increase during underwater work efficiency by using a remote control robot, and attracted by applying the like submersible or submarine can grasp readily the position of underwater noise sources inside the submersible or submarine stereo underwater acoustic signals, such as unmanned submarine (ROV) the signal processing apparatus using a signal processing method, and this, for a repeat of the air is provided.


In particular health problems of psychosocial development into one of the issues that need to be considered, so that the necessary efforts to improve health throughout the life span. Critical period which requires stimulation among which toddler. The aim in this study was to obtain an overview of Effect of Therapeutic Group on Mother Ability to Stimulate of Psychosocial Development Autonomy and Separation Anxiety  OnToddler In Posyandu RW II Tlogomas Malang. The research design is quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group. The technique used for sampling in this study is simple random sampling with 25 samples obtained for the treatment group and 26 samples for the control group. The results showed an increase in the mother's ability to stimulate the development of autonomy and separation anxiety in the group receiving therapeutic group was significantly higher (p value <0.05) compared with the control group. This therapy is recommended to be done on mental health services for mothers who have children ages 18 months -3 years.


In this paper, modeling and numerical analysis of a three dimensional shell structure made of shape memory alloy (SMA) are introduced. As a new smart material, SMA material has been applied in many fields due to two significant macroscopic phenomena which are called the shape memory effect (SME) and pseudoelasticity. The material of SMA exhibits two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) after undergoing especial heat treatment and thermo-mechanical training. This work investigates the numerical simulation and application of the SMA component: SMA strip, which has been pre-curved in the room temperature. The component is expected to extend upon heating and shorten on cooling along the curve. Hence the shape memory effect can be used to change the shape of the structure. The return mapping algorithm of the 3-D SMA thermomechanical constitutive equations based on Boyd-Lagoudas model is used in the finite element analysis to describe the material features of the SMA. In this paper, the ABAQUS finite element program has been utilized with a user material subroutine (UMAT) which is written in the FORTRAN code for the modeling of the SMA strip. The SMA component which has a certain initial transformation strain can emerge considerable deflection during the reverse phase transformation inducing by the temperature.


This paper investigates the differences in language use across gender. This current paper accounts for this verity of use within several linguistic features. On the one hand, prestige and conformity are analyzed to determine how the two genders differ according to these two aspects. On the other hand, linguistic features: lexicon, sound production "phonology", were discussed in the light of the difference across gender. The aim was to state explanations of the existence of these differences. The outcomes of this analytical and descriptive research showed that men and women use language differently.


Twenty-one allele frequencies of the human HLA loci from 58 localities in Europe and the Near East were subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis. The frequencies were significantly heterogeneous over the localities. Significant clinal structure is shown by most allele frequencies. Collective study of the 21 variable surfaces and of their correlograms supports a hypothesis of migration leading to the observed patterns with three alternative explanatory hypotheses being eliminated. Cluster analysis of allele frequency surfaces and of correlograms shows that there are at least three distinct classes of patterns. By connecting localities along the established paths of the spread of agriculture into Europe, it can be shown that one of these surface clusters and their corresponding correlograms closely relate to the spread of farming. The results are compatible with a hypothesis of demic diffusion of early farmers into the hunter-gatherer population of Neolithic Europe first advanced by Ammerman and Cavalli-Sforza and corroborates by a different technique the evidence presented for this hypothesis by Menozzi et al.


The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) maintains that all personal injury damages are exempt from income tax, but has provided little explanation for its position. The CRA's practice of not including such receipts in income makes it unlikely that Canadian courts will have the opportunity to fully consider the proper legal treatment of personal injury damages. This article examines the tax policy implications of taxing each of the following types of personal injury damages: loss of working capacity, non-pecuniary damages, and cost-of-care awards. It is argued that damages for loss of working capacity and non-pecuniary damages should be fully taxed, since they are best viewed as replacing capital assets with low basis. It is also shown that horizontal and vertical equity may be better achieved if damages for cost of care are fully taxed, given the existing medical expense tax credit. Income-bunching concerns are not considered significant enough to justify capital gains treatment, although a one-half exemption would be more politically viable than forward averaging. In conclusion, if the current tax exemption for personal injury damages is maintained, it must be justified as a tax expenditure rather than on other tax policy grounds.


Controversy over Drag Queen Storytime (DQS) childhood literacy events in many Western liberal democracies between 2018 and 2020 occurred within a broader rise in reported 'hate crime', notable in the United States and in England and Wales. Outrage from conservative US Christian anti-LGBTQ hate groups and activists, and far-right groups, included online bias-motivated harassment, in-person bias-motivated harassment, and alleged assault and property damage. This article analyses news media and public discourse on hateful conduct against DQS events in the United States and related conduct in the UK and Australia. This hateful conduct draws on legacies of the criminalisation and pathologisation of same-sex attraction, and the framing of non-conforming gender identities as 'deceptive'. The findings emphasise the recursive nature of bias-motivated hateful conduct based on medico-legal and pseudo-scientific stigmatisation of same-sex attraction and gender fluidity, and the amplificatory capacity of social media networks to engender hateful conduct. The article analyses the broader implications of hateful conduct given the limits of the criminal law in the United States (and other Western liberal democracies such as the UK and Australia) in addressing the translation of online hate speech into bias-motivated in-person hateful conduct. In the United States, these limits are often defined through the unqualified invocation of freedom of speech protections. The article applies 'digiqueer' criminology as a frame to consider the harms of bigotry against LGBTQ people amplified through digital media technologies and their intersection, particularly in the US, with Christian righteousness and right-wing ideology through a 'hate feedback loop'.


of the cells due Many of the cells show evidences of degeneration. The cells of the tissue growing in the sinusoids and diffusely through the liver are on the average considerably larger and resemble more closely those of the spleen. There is an increase in collagen fibrils in certain portions of the liver invaded by this tissue. Tissue similar to that found in the spleen occurs in portions of the omentum, and there are many large rounded cells of similar character growing on the surface of the peritoneum The tumor cells are also found in the veins of the lung, pancreas, and kidney. however, appear to be free from such cells. thrombosis in the venous sinuses, associated moderate numbers of polynuclear leucocytes. The blood vessels of the bone marrow of the femur contain many tumor cells, but the tumor has not developed to any extent in this tissue. Tumor cells are present in large numbers in both arteries and veins of the kidney and in the glomeruli.


A word is the minimum free form which consists entirely of two or lesser free forms.The study of the way words combine is the key in the study of vocabulary.Both Chinese and English share some common features in word collocation as well as varieties.This essay focuses on selected phenomena in Chinese and English word collocation,comparing both differences and similarities,aiming to find the potential rule in collocation.


In [C. Chaudet et al., Feb. 2002], BRuIT, a bandwidth reservation protocol for ad hoc networks that takes into account the influence of distant emitters on medium availability, has been described in broad outline. This article presents enhancements and evaluations of BRuIT. We justify the choices made in BRuIT, especially on the range of available resources information, with a stochastic geometry analysis. The simulation results show that this protocol enhances the network usage by not overloading the medium at the cost of longer routes and a larger establishment time. Nevertheless, the load is better balanced in the network, therefore network capacity is not overloaded. This results in more stable routes and less control traffic as almost no reconstructions are needed.


We give an expression for the norm of the space constructed by Tsirelson. The implicit equation satisfied by this norm is dual to the implicit equation for the norm of the dual of Tsirelson space given by Figiel and Johnson. The expression can be modified to give the norm of the dual of any mixed Tsirelson space. In particular, our results can be adapted to give the norm for the dual of Schlumprecht space.


 Abstract — The aim of this paper is to compare and discuss better classifier algorithm options for credit risk assessment by applying different Machine Learning techniques. Using records from a Brazilian financial institution, this study uses a database of 5,432 companies that are clients of the bank, where 2,600 clients are classified as non-defaulters, 1,551 are classified as defaulters and 1,281 are temporarily defaulters, meaning that the clients are overdue on their payments for up 180 days. For each case, a total of 15 attributes was considered for a one-against-all assessment using four different techniques: Artificial Neural Networks Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-MLP), Artificial Neural Networks Radial Basis Functions (ANN-RBF), Logistic Regression (LR) and finally Support Vector Machines (SVM). For each method, different parameters were analyzed in order to obtain different results when the best of each technique was compared. Initially the data were coded in thermometer code (numerical attributes) or dummy coding (for nominal attributes). The methods were then evaluated for each parameter and the best result of each technique was compared in terms of accuracy, false positives, false negatives, true positives and true negatives. This comparison showed that the best method, in terms of accuracy, was ANN-RBF (79.20% for non-defaulter classification, 97.74% for defaulters and 75.37% for the temporarily defaulter classification). However, the best accuracy does not always represent the best technique. For instance, on the classification of temporarily defaulters, this technique, in terms of false positives, was surpassed by SVM, which had the lowest rate (0.07%) of false positive classifications. All these intrinsic details are discussed considering the results found, and an overview of what was presented is shown in the conclusion of this study.


This is the seventh edition of this standard reference text, prima facie evidence of its continuing worth and acceptability. The book is close to encyclopedic in its surprisingly broad coverage of both older routine tests and those more recently developed, but well established. The breadth necessarily limits the extent to which any one subject is considered, but the references are adequate to fill this need. Several background chapters on metabolism and more lengthy interpretations of newer procedures make it unnecessary to use the references frequently. The book is written with a clear, matter-of-fact, and practical touch which is quite consistent in spite of the number (14) of contributors. It is recommended as a carefully revised and up-to-date text of clinical pathology. It emphasizes the laboratory procedure, per se, rather than the experimental and pathophysiologic background of the multitude of laboratory tests in use in modern hospitals.


Summary.
 The yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis is usually considered as an opportunistic species that depends on food derived from anthropogenic activity, such as garbage and fishery discards. However, although it has become a problematic species in many Mediterranean countries, there is still no information about its status in Tunisia. The aim of this work was to assess the differential use of marine and terrestrial resources by the yellow-legged gulls breeding in an urban area on Chikly Island. Dietary reconstructions were performed through the analysis of regurgitates and &dgr;13C, &dgr;34S and &dgr;15N of fledgling's feathers. Contrary to most Mediterranean breeding colonies, and to our expectations, the mixing model showed that yellow-legged gulls from Chikly are above all marine foragers. Whereas the Lake of Tunis was the principal source of food in 2005 and 2007, chicks from 2006 were fed mainly with prey from the Gulf of Tunis. Although the Gulf is located further from the breeding colony and has less fishing activity than the Lake, our study demonstrated that it is used as an alternative foraging habitat. The Bayesian mixing model approach proved to be a useful tool for evaluating temporal variations in the feeding ecology of the colony, which is a relevant information for the management of a wild species. This study also demonstrated the importance of isotopic variability among years for inferring diet diversity and food availability for the colony, thereby allowing demographic forecasts when trophic resources vary in abundance or the foraging habitat is disturbed.


A procedure for unexpected obstacle avoidance is presented for automatically piloted rotorcraft flying in nap of the earth conditions along a prescribed flight path. Acquired knowledge from the sensed environment is correlated with the forehand knowledge of the recorded environment (terrain, cultural features, threats, and targets) used in the automatic guidance of the rotorcraft. This correlated knowledge is then used to determine an appropriate evasive maneuver if a nonconformity of the sensed and recorded environments is observed. Simulation testing using an autopilot validated the decision-making capacity of this procedure and the resultant maneuvering.<<ETX>>


Exclusive breastfeeding is causally associated with reduced blood pressure in children aged nine and 15 and the magnitude of the effect is comparable to the published effects of salt restriction and physical activity on blood pressure in adult populations.


From traffic flows on road networks to electrical signals in brain networks, many real-world networks contain modular structures of different sizes and densities. In the networks where modular structures emerge due to coupling between nodes with similar dynamical functions, we can identify them using flow-based community detection methods. However, these methods implicitly assume that communities are dense or clique-like which can shatter sparse communities due to a field-of-view limit inherent in one-step dynamics. Taking multiple steps with shorter or longer Markov time enables us to effectively zoom in or out to capture small or long-range communities. However, zooming out to avoid the field-of-view limit comes at the expense of introducing or increasing a lower resolution limit. Here we relax the constant Markov time constraint and introduce variable Markov dynamics as a multi-focal lens to capture functional communities in networks with a higher range of scales. With variable Markov time, a random walker can keep one-step dynamics in dense areas to avoid the resolution limit and move faster in sparse areas to detect long-range modular structures and prevent the field-of-view limit. We analyze the performance of variable Markov time using the flow-based community detection method called the map equation. We have implemented the map equation with variable Markov time in the search algorithm Infomap without any complexity overhead and tested its performance on synthetic and real-world networks from different domains. Results show that it outperforms the standard map equation in networks with constrained structures and locally sparse regions. In addition, the method estimates the optimal Markov time and avoids parameter tuning.


This paper analyzed structural behaviors of the staggered truss system, typically used in low seismicity regions, resisting the lateral loads such as wind and seismic load. A comparative study of cost and efficiency was carried out by analysing and designing the 10and 20-story buildings with various types of truss, including pratt, howe, warren, K-, and vierendeel, which may typically be used in staggered truss system. In design, column and truss members are selected in group, and the efficiency of the member design was judged by average demand capacity ratio of the all members in same group. And economic analysis of the system was investigated by the quantity of the structural members. As a result, staggered truss system with the pratt truss and warren truss showed the most economical and efficient performance for 10-story building, and 20-story building, respectively.


ABSTRACT The recent use of chemicals in warfare in Syria and Iraq illustrates that, despite the important work of the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the world has not yet been totally successful in stopping the use of indiscriminate toxic agents in conflicts, either by states or non-state actors. Michael Crowley's excellent and timely new book, Chemical Control, analyzes the use of "riot control agents" (RCAs) and "incapacitating chemical agents" (ICAs), including launch and dispersal systems, by police, paramilitary, and military forces over the last decades and raises the challenging question about where the red line might be drawn between banned and permitted uses of chemicals. He discusses this problem not only in the context of the CWC, which allows use of RCAs for civilian riot control, but also in the context of international law, human rights, and criminal justice, including the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and other disarmament and abolition regimes. He proposes a "holistic, three-stage approach" to addressing this issue "for effective regulation or prohibition of the weapon or weapon-related technology of concern." As we approach the global abolition of a whole class of weapons of mass destruction in the next decade or even sooner, Chemical Control is helpful in better understanding and solving the dilemma of what's actually banned or permitted under international law, and precluding states undermining the chemical weapons ban.


Battery separator based on thermoplastic, ultra high molecular weight polyolefin having an average weight-average molecular weight of at least 300,000, characterized in that it is based on the sum of the masses of filler and polyolefin, 10 to 100 wt .-% polyolefin and 0 to 90 wt .-% filler, and based on the mass of the separator 5 to 35 wt .-% of oil and 0.5 to 5.0 wt .-% of a compound of formula (I) R (OR includes, in the R is a non-aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 10 to 4200 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms, R M is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion, H H n is 0 or 1, m is 0 or a whole number from 10 to 1400 and x is 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms ...


Abstract We present the first experimental results of the growth of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn under an external force field – during the sedimentation process. The results are compared with the proposed model under the combined influence of the Kirkendall effect, backstress and sedimentation. It is shown that Cu3Sn consumes the preformed Cu6Sn5 phase during sedimentation under a strong gravitational field of 779,000 G at 200 °C.


Modification of a commercially available Griffin-Worden (Kontes) glass pressure reactor to permit sampling of homogeneous reactions without changing the relative concentrations of species present.


Single oral dose therapy with fosfomycin trometamol (FT) 3 g is recommended inthe treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) not only in premenopausal,but also in postmenopausal elderly, otherwise healthy women. It can alsobe used as reapplication every 10 days for prophylaxis of recurrent uncomplicatedcystitis. FT 3 g has also been used with two oral doses of 3 g (on two consecutivedays) for perioperative prophylaxis in transurethral interventions or with three doses(every other day, three times) for treatment of complicated lower UTI includingmany elderly patients. The tolerance and safety in the patients above 65 yearsof age did not differ from younger ones. Therefore, there is also an indication toadminister oral FT 3g in adults above 65 years of age for treatment or prophylaxisof uncomplicated UTI.Patients with renal insufficiency up to a creatinine clearance of 20 ml/min can beexpected to have still sufficiently high urinary concentrations of fosfomycin, thattreatment of cystitis should be justified from pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamicpoint of view. From preliminary clinical results there is also an indication to useoral FT 3 g in adults with renal insufficiency up to a creatinine clearance of 20 ml/min, with single dose for treatment of lower uncomplicated UTI with otherwisenormal urinary tract or with repeated doses (every second or third day accordingto the degree of renal insufficiency) for treatment of lower complicated UTI causedby fosfomycin susceptible pathogens resistant to other oral antimicrobial drugs.


In order to solve the problem of dynamical design and verification for fixture in vibration test,a time domain analysis method of extract mode parameters from output-only data: Eigensystem Realization Algorithm is discussed. Taking a fixture structure as object,modal parameter identification of the fixture is performed with the real measured acceleration responses only under broadband random vibration exciting. On Matlab7. 1,a eigensystem realization algorithm association with correlation functions is implemented. According to the acceleration responses data,the correlation functions matrix is calculated and the Hankel matrix is formed. The modal frequencies and modal damping ratios of the fixture were obtained. With synthesis analysis of operation of singular value decomposition and stabilization diagram,the results show that the dynamic parameters can be identified using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm.


The issue of the Qur'an is indeed a topic that never dies in research studies, this is because the Qur'an has the role and function of "Shalihun li kulli zaman wa makan". It also encourages researchers to always develop research in  the Qur'an. In contrast to previous researchers who focused on the study of interpretations and understandings of the Qur'anic text. In this study, researchers try to examine the phenomena that occur in society towards the understanding of the Qur'an. This research is also called the study of the living Qur'an with a focus on the tradition of memorizing the Qur'an among the Santri (Student).Keywords: Rote Tradition, Living Qur'an.


Introduction: It's been over 2 years since the pandemic started as a result of the coronavirus. There are striking data showing the incidence, mortality, and recoveries as a result of the viral infection. With several preventive measures established by public health policy, the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines has been one of the best measures to curtail the menace of the COVID-19. However, there are certain impediments enhancing the hesitancy in the uptake of the vaccine in Africa. Methods: A literature search was made using PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords "COVID 19 vaccine", "knowledge," "perception," "vaccine uptake," "vaccine acceptance," "vaccine hesitancy". Upon using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant studies were selected to access the acceptance and hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: There are various contributory factors that decide acceptance or ensure hesitancy among the populace which includes: Age, education, gender, residence, household income, marital status, religion, information source, access to vaccine and vaccine equity, etc. Major concerns, barriers, and motivators about vaccination were highlighted. Existing data was used to show how each factor played role in the acceptance and hesitancy in the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: This present study identified key factors that influence vaccine confidence, hesitancy, and acceptance in Africa and in turn proffer sustainable solutions that can be used to address these factors. Through a cumulative review of existing data about COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, confidence, acceptance, and hesitancy, we hope to make contributions that would highlight major influencers of vaccine knowledge and percentage in Africa.


The complex product design and development is an integrated discipline. A lot of knowledge overloads and knowledge trek phenomenon appeared with the raise of product complexity and the explosion of knowledge and information. To improve the utilization efficiency of the knowledge using and shorten the time and effort spent on the Knowledge screening, avoid missing the knowledge, which is required, the paper proposes a method for the intelligence knowledge map construct model based on knowledge requirements and knowledge connection. Analyzing the context information of the user and giving the method of acquiring the knowledge requirement based on the context information and the user's personal knowledge structure. This method can get the knowledge requirements of the users to generate the knowledge retrieval expressions to obtain the knowledge points and then construct the intelligent knowledge map through the analysis of multiple dimensions and using the knowledge related to the development of aircraft landing gear as an example to verify the feasibility of this method.


The shift of traditional mass-producing industries towards mass customisation practices is nowadays evident. However, if not implemented properly, mass customisation can lead to disturbances in material flow and severe reduction in productivity. Moreover, manufacturing enterprises often face the challenge of manufacturing highly customized products in small lot sizes. One solution to adapt to the ever-changing demands, which increases resource flexibility, lies in the digitization of the manufacturing systems. Furthermore, the distributed manufacturing environment and the ever-increasing product variety and complexity result in reduced time-to market, ubiquitous data access and sharing and adaptability and responsiveness to changes. These requirements can be achieved through smart manufacturing tools and especially Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Thus, the aim of this position paper is to summarize the design and development of solutions based on cutting-edge technologies such as Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Simulation, 5G, and so on. Concretely, the first part discusses the development of a Cloud-based production planning and control system for discrete manufacturing environments. The proposed approach takes into consideration capacity constraints, lot sizing and priority control in a "bucket-less" manufacturing environment. Then, an open and interoperable Internet of Things platform is discussed, which is enhanced by innovative tools and methods that transform them into Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), supporting smart customized shopping, through gathering customers' requirements, adaptive production, and logistics of vending machines replenishment and Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Manufacturing. To that end, all the proposed methodologies are validated using data derived from Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine building industry, from European Metal-cutting and mold-making SMEs, from white goods industry and SMEs that produces solar panels.


During the operation of the MPD thruster, the cathode will be continuously bombarded by the high temperature plasma, so there will be obvious erosion on the surface of the cathode.And the performance parameters of the cathode have a significant impact on the ignition performance and life of the MPD thruster. Therefore, the cathode erosion test of 100kW MAT-100 MPD thruster of Beijing control engineering institute was carried out, and the cathode erosion was analyzed by SEM. The fundamental way to improve the ablative resistance of the cathode is to improve the high temperature resistance of the cathode or to improve the electron emission ability of the cathode.


In this work, we report the sol-gel alkoxide route preparation of nanostructured SiO2 and TiO2 powders as well as TiO2-SiO2 thin films obtained by dip-coating. Thermal analysis, morphology and structure were characterized for powders and correlation between preparation method and optical properties of binary materials (SiO2-TiO2) for thin films was approached. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used for the physical characterization of the films.


Objective To develop a rapid and specific genotyping method for the typing of influenza A and B viruses.Methods Primers and probes specific for the highly conserved regions of matrix protein(MP) gene and hemagglutinin(HA) gene of influenza A and B virus were designed.The assay conditions were optimized to improve the specificity and sensitivity.Throat swab samples were used for the testing of the sensitivity and specificity this reverse dot blot method and the results were compared with the direct immunofluorescence method.Results The developed assay method was highly specific and sensitive in the detection and genotyping of influenza A and B virus.None of the negative control samples showed positive reactions.Cross-reaction with rhinovirus and adenovirus was not observed.The detection limit of the assay was in the range of 102~103 copies /μL.Using the direct immunofluorescence method,3 out of 111 samples(2.7%) were found to be positive for influenza A.Influenza B was not detected in these samples.Reverse dot blot method also detected influenza A virus in 3 samples,in which 2 samples were found to be H3 subtype.H1,H5 and H9 subtype were not found.In addition,4 samples(6.3%) were found to have influenza B virus.Conclusion The developed reverse dot blot method is sensitive and specific for the detection and genotyping of influenza A and B virus.This method may be useful for the detection of influenza virus in clinical samples.


Although God has created human being as perfect as possible, but nobody is perpect. One of the frailties refers to human's speech system which is categorized as language disorder. Language disorder refers to language disability which causes the damage of understanding and the expression of language such as in autistic language. Therefore, this study describes the language disorder produced by an autistic character in "Rain Man" movie. Generally, the societies think that autistic syndrome just happens in childhood, but this movie tells us about the speech of an adult with autism.

This study uses descriptive qualitative method that emphasizes on the specific case—language disorder by using psycholinguistic approaches to analyze the utterances of language disorder by Raymond Babbitt, an autistic character. Therefore, it is interesting to observe this character in order to find out the kind of language disorder produced. The data are in words, phrases, and sentences which are collected by observing his utterances in "Rain Man" movie.

The result of this study shows that the autistic character has some kinds of speech and language disorder namely articulation disorder (from the places and manners of articulation), phonological disorder (addition, assimilation, deletions and substitution), voice disorder (talking too much, unnatural pitch or intonation, improper stress, and grumbling unclear words or sentences), and also repetition (repetitive and stereotyped utterance, ritualistic question and answer, and robotic sounding speech). The result also shows that phonological disorder is mostly found and stuttering seldom occurs.

Finally, by analyzing the language disorder of the autistic character, it is expected that the language therapist know about the kinds of language disorder to handle autism. Moreover, it is suggested that the next researchers conduct similar theme of the study but have more complete data and discussion.


GIRL, aged 2 years, the daughter of a Chinaman and an English woman. The back from the mid-dorsal region to the natal cleft shows five irregularly shaped areas of slaty-grey pigmentation measuring from 2j X 2 in. to 2i x 8 in., and four smaller darker coloured spots ranging from s to in. in diameter, two of which are in the dorsal region, one over the left iliac crest and one behind the right great trochanter. The child is dark haired and dark eyed, and presents the typical features of a racial Mongol. The mental condition appears normal. The mother states that simila' patches were present in her other two children, a girl aged 7 and a boy aged 5, during the first few years of life, but have since disappeared. Only two previous examples of so-called Mongolian blue spots have been shown before this Section-both in European children-one by Dr. Langmead, and the other by Dr. Cockayne in a Jewish child. Jewish infants seem to be predisposed to this form of congenital pigmentation, as they are to amaurotic family idiocy. It is just twenty-one years since a case of Mongolian blue spots in a racial Mongolian was shown before the old Society for the Study of Disease in Children, by Dr. G. A. Sutherland, who contrasted a Japanese baby with an English mongolian imbecile. Although much has been written about Mongolian blue spots by foreign writers, the condition has received a rather stepmotherly treatmnent in English text books of children's diseases. The best account in English is to be found in the translation of von Reuss's text-book. It is well to emphasize the fact, which, I gather from the questions put to me, is not sufficiently recognized, that Mongolian blue spots, the characteristic feature of the racial Mongolian infant, have nothing to do with mongolian imbecility. Comby, indeed, who has considerable experience of both conditions, says that these spots are never found in mongolian imbeciles. So far as I know there is only one case on record, described by Watgff, in which the two conditions coexisted, though this, of course, was a mere coincidence. Mongolian blue spots have been described for centuries by Chinese and Japanese medical writers, who have offered various fantastic explanations of their occurrence (von Ko6s). They usually disappear by the age of 7 or 8, and often earlier. They possess a certain medico-legal interest in that they are liable to be mistaken for bruises, and lead to unfounded accusations of cruelty being brought against the parents or others connected with the children who show these spots.


In 2015 an engraved shale pendant was found during excavations at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, UK. Engraved motifs on Mesolithic pendants are extremely rare, with the exception of amber pendants from southern Scandinavia. The artwork on the pendant is the earliest known Mesolithic art in Britain; the 'barbed line' motif is comparable to styles on the Continent, particularly in Denmark. When it was first uncovered the lines were barely visible but using a range of digital imaging techniques it has been possible to examine them in detail and determine the style of engraving as well as the order in which the lines might have been made. In addition, microwear and residue analyses were applied to examine whether the pendant showed signs that it had been strung or worn, and whether the lines had been made more visible through the application of pigments, as has been suggested for some Danish amber pendants. This approach of using multiple scientific and analytical techniques has not been used previously and provides a methodology for the examination of similar artefacts in the future.


The Deccan Syneclise is assumed to host a substantial thickness of Proterozoic, Gondwana and Mesozoic sediments covered by Deccan traps. This paper is an attempt to develop a sub-trappean structural model of the southern part of Deccan Syneclise and delineate promising areas for exploration integrating gravity, magnetotelluric and remote sensing studies validated with field evidences. Results of the studies indicate NW-SE oriented Archean shear zones exposed south of Deccan Syneclise continue under the traps forming the primary structural elements in the sub-trappean basement. These undergo multiple reactivations to form a number of lows for sediment accumulation. The Kaladgi sediments are found to continue in the southern part of the Koyna Rift as scattered zones of about 2.8 km thick Proterozoic sediments that are associated with adsorbed gas anomalies. The northern part of the Koyna Rift is devoid of any sediment. Kuruwadi Rift, though forming another gravity low doesn't contain sediments. However, it is probable that the KuruwadiLatur gap and the Latur rift together form a fault bounded depression that hosts a thick layer of pre-trappean sediments of probable Mesozoic-Gondwana affinity. Based on gravity modelling, about 2 kms of sediment is inferred below 400-500m of trap thickness in areas around Shrirampur-Aurangabad and Ahmednagar with indications of presence of a thermogenic petroleum system in the area making it promising.


New methods for the quantitative determination of chemical elements entering into shunlite - the new biologically active natural substance - have been developed. The proposed methods are characterized by high accuracy and reproducibility.


The timing performance of clock trees in scaled technology nodes may be severely degraded by on-chip variations (OCV). Clock tree optimization (CTO) is employed to eliminate timing violations by specifying a set of non-negative delay adjustments using a linear programming (LP) formulation. Next, the delay adjustments are realized in the clock tree by inserting delay buffers and detour wires. The drawback is that given the topology of the initial clock tree, it may be impossible to remove all timing violations. In this paper, a framework that performs OCV guided clock tree topology reconstruction is proposed. The framework reconstructs the topology of a clock tree while improving the lower bounds on the worst negative slack (WNS) and the total negative slack (TNS). Next, traditional CTO is employed to reduce WNS and TNS to the improved lower bounds. The reconstruction of the clock tree topology is guided by a predicted leaf buffer slack graph (pLB-SG). The leaf buffers that must be placed closer in the tree topology are identified by detecting cycles (or strongly connected components) in the pLB-SG. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can on the average reduce WNS and TNS with 84% and 80%, respectively.


Economic disputes are complex and different.It raises question that find out suitable solution to contribute to establishing harmony society.The paper is aiming to discover the best method of dispute solving by introducing varies solutions towards economic disputes according to the principle of economic benefit maximization of the,and analyze its advantages and disadvantages.