Objective. We studied a large clinical practice and multicenter database to estimate the minimally important difference (MID) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) using global rating of change anchors for the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and visual analog scale (VAS) in pain, fatigue, sleep, global status, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) in clinical practice. Methods. Longitudinal data were collected from a scleroderma clinic on patients with scleroderma (n = 109) who had completed the HAQ-DI and pain/fatigue/sleep/global status VAS (0 to 100 mm) questionnaires at 2 consecutive visits, and rated their change in overall status since the last visit as much better, better, same, worse, or much worse. Data were extracted from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) database (n = 341) for 2 consecutive annual visits where the patients had completed HAQ-DI and SF-36, and the SF-36 "change in health" item. Results. For the single site, the mean baseline HAQ-DI was 0.895 and 0.911 at followup, with a mean change of 0.016. The MID estimates for improvement and worsening respectively were –0.0125 (0.125, 75th percentile)/0.042 (0.217, 75th percentile) for HAQ-DI, –8.00/3.61 for pain, –10.00/3.79 (25.32) for fatigue, –18.50/5.92 for sleep, and –6.70/4.05 for global VAS. In the CSRG, baseline scores were 0.787 for HAQ-DI, 37.20 for the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of SF-36, and 48.57 for the Mental Component Summary (MCS). The MID estimates for improvement and worsening were –0.037 (0.250, 75th percentile)/0.140 (0.375, 75th percentile) for HAQ-DI, 2.18/–1.74 for PCS, and 1.33/–2.61 for MCS. Conclusion. This study provides MID estimates in SSc from 2 large databases for commonly used patient-reported outcomes in a clinical practice setting, which could differ from MID in trials. (First Release Jan 15 2010; J Rheumatol 2010;37:591–8; doi:10.3899/jrheum.090375) Key Indexing Terms: SCLERODERMA SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS MINIMAL IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE MINIMAL CLINICALLY IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario (UWO), St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario; and SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The CSRG was funded in part by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Scleroderma Society of Canada, The Ontario Scleroderma Society, and unrestricted grants from Actelion and Pfizer. S. Sekhon, Medical Student, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, UWO; J. Pope, MD, MPH, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, UWO, St. Joseph's Health Care; M. Baron, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital and McGill University. Address correspondence to Dr. J. Pope, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada. E-mail: email@example.com Accepted for publication September 14, 2009. Scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by collagen overproduction, as well as vascular and immunological abnormalities1,2. The collagen overproduction leads to thickening or hardening of the skin, and in systemic cases can also involve the internal organs3. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves both skin and potentially internal organs, with Raynaud's phenomenon commonly being present as well1,3. Internal organ manifestations of SSc include damage to the lungs, the gastrointestinal system, the heart and kidneys, with pulmonary complications being the leading cause of death from scleroderma3. Depending on the extent of skin involvement, SSc can be further subdivided into limited and diffuse4. The diffuse form is more severe, with proximal and distal skin involvement and increased risk of internal organ manifestations, while the limited form has skin involvement distal to knees and elbows; the face and neck can be involved in both forms1,3,4. Because of the multisystem expression of SSc, it can greatly affect a patient's functioning and quality of life. Patient-centered outcomes are important in trials in scleroderma as well as clinical practice. The Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) is one of the most commonly used measures of function in scleroderma5 and Rheumatology The Journal of on June 18, 2015 Published by www.jrheum.org Downloaded from has been validated for use in scleroderma patients6-8. It is a musculoskeletal-targeted self-report tool that assesses the functional status for performing the activities of daily living and is scored from 0 (no disability) to 3 (severe disability), representing the averaging of the worst score in 8 domains of daily functioning9. Visual analog scales (VAS) that assess disease activity in various domains have been demonstrated as being useful in SSc6,8. In our study, VAS rated from 0 (none/no problem) to 100 mm (very severe/major problem) were used to assess pain, fatigue, sleep, and global status. The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 survey (SF-36) is another widely used general self-report tool for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that has been demonstrated as valid. It is composed of 36 items in 8 domains and can be summarized as the Physical Component Summary (PCS; 0–100) and Mental Component Summary (MCS; 0–100) scores10-13. Since these patient-centered outcomes are frequently used in assessing scleroderma patients, it is important to determine how much of a change in score is perceived as improved or worsened by the patient in clinical practice. The minimally important difference (MID) or minimal clinically important difference is the smallest change in a score that is meaningful for the patient and that would lead the physician to consider a change in management14. The MID is also useful in determining sample sizes for future studies, to see if differences between 2 treatment groups are clinically relevant15. It can help a healthcare provider by determining whether a treatment has been successful or whether a patient's state of health has changed. The MID estimates are assessed using an anchor-based approach16. An "anchor" is a clinically relevant indicator or pointer to which an HRQOL change can be tied16,17. These measures are of clinical relevance and can be "subjective," such as self-reports of change, or "objective," such as clinical indicators of response to treatment (a change in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or a 6-minute walk distance). Subjective anchors rely on an individual's assessment of their disease. A global rating of change is a well accepted subjective anchor in HRQOL research18. It is an assessment of change in which a person thinks back to a previous time and states whether there has been a change in a domain of health from then until the present19. Other studies have been conducted to estimate the MID for HRQOL measures in SSc13,20,21. MID estimates have been calculated for the SF-6D (a selection of SF-36 items) and the European Quality of Life (EQ-5D) index, which are both preference-based health measures, using data from 8 longitudinal studies and the SF-36 "change in health" item as an anchor in addition to distribution-based methods. The MID of 0.041 was reported for the SF-6D (scored 0.29 to 1.00) and 0.074 for the EQ-5D (scored –0.59 to 1.00). Another study estimated the improvement MID for the SF-6D using data from 2 studies and also used the SF-36 "change in health" item as well as the HAQ-DI and skin score as anchors13. Khanna, et al21 used data from a randomized controlled trial to estimate MID for the HAQ-DI and modified Rodnan Skin Score in patients with diffuse SSc using an investigator health-change rating as an anchor. The estimated MID for the HAQ-DI was 0.10 to 0.14 for improvement. We aimed to determine the MID for various patient-reported outcomes (such as HAQ, pain, SF-36, and fatigue) in a clinical practice setting using patient information from 2 databases, anchored at different times of followup. It is possible that the MID results could be different in a clinical practice setting compared to a clinical trial setting and could vary over different times of followup. The variety of patient-reported outcomes studied as well as the clinic-based characteristic of the data in our study can provide additional information when interpreting scores in randomized controlled trials (RCT) and in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-site study. Multiple data are collected routinely on patients seen at St. Joseph's Hospital Rheumatology Clinic, which is affiliated with the University of Western Ontario and serves a referral region of about 1 million. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Western Ontario Ethics Committee. There were 148 patients who had been diagnosed with SSc by expert opinion. Most of the patients met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria22 and/or had CREST syndrome criteria (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias), if ACR criteria were not met4 (because 12% of patients with SSc in the limited subset may not meet ACR criteria23), and had at least 2 consecutive visits (mean interval 7.6 months for the single-site and 12 months for the multisite study but as long as 18 months), in order to limit recall bias for inclusion into the study. The patients were seen by 1 rheumatologist serially. Thirty-nine were excluded because of incomplete data, lack of consecutive visits, or too long an interval between visits, leaving a final sample of 109 patients. We did not perform a sample size calculation, but used instead an available sample as we did not know a priori the distribution of the data of interest. Data were extracted from medical charts by a trained data extractor and entered into a database (Excel and SPSS). At each visit, patients completed the HAQ-DI (0–3) and VAS for pain, fatigue, sleep, and global status, which ranged from 0 (none) to 100 mm (very


By the mid-1990s, China became the largest outward investor among emerging
countries and the eighth largest supplier of outward investment among
all countries (The World Bank, 1997). However, the momentum did not
really become apparent until the late 1990s, when the Chinese government
launched the "Go Global" strategy in 1999, followed by a series of international
expansion activities by companies such as Haier Electronics Group
and Shanghai International Securities Co. Recently, the world has witnessed
a number of high-profile cases of Chinese firms acquiring, or attempting to
acquire, well-known firms in North America and Europe. Examples include
Lenovo, the leading Chinese PC maker, acquiring the IBM PC division and
TCL, the leading Chinese electronics company, acquiring a majority interest
in the television division of France's Thomson SA and the handset division
of France's Alcatel SA. Commentators have suggested that even recent unsuccessful
high-profile bids (Haier for Maytag and CNOOC for Unocal) "reflect
China's global ambitions" (Hemerling, 2006).


This application note describes how to use Vivado® High Level Synthesis (HLS) to develop a floating-point matrix multiplication accelerator with an AXI4-Stream interface and connect it to the Accelerator Coherency Port (ACP) of the ARM CPU in the Zynq®-7000 All Programmable SoC. The floating-point matrix multiplication accelerator modeled in the C/C++ code can be quickly implemented and optimized into an RTL design using Vivado HLS. The solution is then exported as a pcore connected with an automatically created AXI4-Stream interface to the ACP of the Zynq-7000 AP SoC Programmable System (PS). The connection is made through a Direct Memory Access (DMA) core in the Programmable Logic (PL) of the Zynq-7000 device. Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS) is used to design the hardware of the Zynq-7000 AP SoC PL, including the matrix multiplier peripheral, the DMA engine and an AXI timer. The Software Development Kit (SDK) is used to design the software on the Zynq-7000 AP SoC PS to manage the peripherals.


A Research Proposal Submitted to Mzumbe University-Dar es salaam Campus College in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Award of the Masters of Science in Procurement and Supply chain management of Mzumbe University
2013


The paper, in cognitive aspects, analyses the essence of listening comprehension and the factors that influence listening comprehension. Countermeasures against obstacles of listening comprehension are put forward in the paper too.


Young leaves of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars Jinhua (P.pyrifolia Nakai) and EertilIty (P.communis Linn) were selected as materials. Effects of Kanamycin,Cefotaxime and Carbenicillin on regeneration from teacles in vitro were studied.Leaves on the top of shoots of Jinhua and Fertility were cultured in the dark for 20 days on NN69 medium containing BA5mg/L,NAA0.3mg/L, CH300mg/L and several kinds of doses of antibiotics respectively. Results showed that Cefotaxime at a dose of 500mg/L and while Carbenicillin at a dose of 400mg/L inhibited regeneration of two cultivars,Kanamycin strongly inhibited regeneration even at a dose of 5mg/L. And at a dose of 10mg/L adventitious bud could not grow as usual and died. The same dose also could inhibit adventitious root differentiation.


ABSTRACT After languishing for decades as an ivory-tower idea, road pricing is now attracting serious consideration as a practical policy instrument. Road pricing has three potential roles: as a Pigouvian tax to manage travel demand, as a signal to guide efficient investment decisions, and as a source of revenues to fund roads and public transport. Road pricing, infrastructure financing, and the nexus between them are the subject of this special issue. This introductory article sets the stage and summarizes the papers.


Aspect-level sentiment classification (ASC) is a research hotspot in natural language processing, which aims to infer the sentiment polarity of a particular aspect in an opinion sentence. There are three main influence factors in the aspect-level sentiment classification: the semantic information of the context; the interaction information of the context and aspect; the position information between the aspect and the context. Some researchers have proposed way to solve aspect-level sentiment classification. However, previous work mainly used the average vector of the aspect to calculate the attention score of the context, which introduced the influence of noise words. Moreover, these attention-based approaches simply used relative positions to calculate positional information for contextual and aspect terms and did not provided better semantic information. Based on these above questions, in this paper, we propose the PSRTN model. Firstly, obtaining the position-aware influence propagate between words and aspects by Gaussian kernel and generating the influence vector for each context word. Secondly, capturing global and local information of the context by the R-Transformer, and using the self-attention mechanism to obtain the keywords in the aspect. Finally, context representation of a particular aspect is generated for classification. In order to evaluate the validity of the model, we conduct experiments on SemEval2014 and Twitter. The results show that the accuracy of the PSRTN model can reach 83.8%, 80.9%, and 75.1% on three data sets, respectively.


The influence of a circular hot-spot on the thermal stability of a thin layer of exothermically reacting gas is considered. A hot-spot of this kind would be produced by a laser beam emerging from an optical fibre and impinging on a solid bounding surface from the gas side. The temperature of the hot-spot is not constant across a diameter but decreases radially. The effect of such radial variation on the critical conditions for ignition has been evaluated.


Contents: Glossary of Political Parties An End that Marked a Beginning Legends, Tribes, and Anti-Semitism: Ideas and Issues in Wagner's Work Racism, Music, and Power: The Nazification of Wagner Music, Politics, and Morality: The Beginning of the Boycott in Palestine Toward Germany, Away from Germans The 1960s: An End to Forgetting -- The Establishment of Symbols The 1970s: Political Furor, Musical Calm The 1980s: Xenophobia and Overt Political Intervention The 1990s: The Last Round Epilogue: The Commemoration of Wagner in Israel -- Problems and Puzzles Notes Bibliography Index.


We propose new adaptive tree search algorithms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems based on path metric comparison. With the fixed number of survivor paths, the correct path metric may be temporarily larger than the maximum path metric of the survivor paths under an ill-conditioned channel. There have been also adaptive path metric algorithms that control the number of survivor paths according to SNR. However, these algorithms cannot instantaneously adapt to the channel condition. The proposed algorithms accomplish dynamic adaptation based on the ratio of two minimum path metrics as the minimum is significantly smaller than the second minimum under good channel conditions and vice versa. The proposed algorithms are much less complex than the conventional noise variance-based adaptive tree search algorithms while keeping lower or similar error performance. We first employ the proposed adaptive tree search idea to K-best detection and then extend it QRD-M MIMO detection.


With the rapid and drastic development of higher education,vocational college would confront more severe competition.It proved a linchpin to conduct employment.Market orientation and enterprises corporation and establishing employment base turned out a benign approach to maintain competitive superiority.


Insects associated with maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, in Portugal were collected and screened for the presence of Bursaphelenchus species. Nematodes were identified using Internal Transcribed Spacers-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) analysis of dauer juveniles and morphological identification of adults that developed from dauer juveniles on fungal cultures or on cultures in pine wood segments at 26°C. Several associations are described: Bursaphelenchus teratospicularis and Bursaphelenchus sexdentati are associated with Orthotomicus erosus; Bursaphelenchus tusciae, B. sexdentati and/or Bursaphelenchus pinophilus with Hylurgus ligniperda and Bursaphelenchus hellenicus with Tomicus piniperda, Ips sexdentatus and H. ligniperda. An unidentified Bursaphelenchus species is vectored by Hylobius sp. The previously reported association of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with Monochamus galloprovincialis was confirmed. The association of Bursaphelenchus leoni with Pityogenes sp. is not definitively established and needs further studies for clarification. Other nematode genera besides Bursaphelenchus were found to be associated with the insects sampled, including two different species of Ektaphelenchus, Parasitorhabditis sp., Parasitaphelenchus sp., Contortylenchus sp. and other unidentified nematodes. The Ektaphelenchus species found in O. erosus is morphologically similar to B. teratospicularis found in the same insect; adults of both the species are found in cocoon-like structures under the elytra of the insects.


Elsa Schiaparelli's avant-garde designs and her collaborative efforts with surrealist artists are the subject of most analyses of her work, which focus on themes of glamour, gender and the construction of a modern feminine beauty. Yet a number of lesser-known creations from the 1920s and 1930s, equally experimental in nature, reveal other progressive themes in the Italian-born designer's oeuvre. References to the city in a number of her pieces, for example, provide a commentary on the important relationship between fashion, women and their urban environments. This article examines designs like the skyscraper silhouette, plastic accessories and new synthetic fabrics, echoing contemporary building materials, alongside the changing landscape of interwar Paris. Comparing the imagined city suggested in Schiaparelli's sartorial creations with the real metropolis where these garments were worn, this study reveals fashion's potential to express women's desires for an improved urban reality.


The article is devoted to the work of Chzhi-I «Fa jie ci di chu men», patriarch of Tien Tai school, in which through analysis of dharma theory provides justification for the concept of I falsity, which is fundamental basic of Buddhist soteriology.


Professor Saundby 1 divides cases of gastraJgia into two groups, one in which the pain occurs independently of eating and is relieved by a sulticient meal, or a small quantity of^ alcoholic stimulant.; and the other in which the pain occurs after a meal and is distinctly to be referred to the introduction of food into the stomach. Cases in the first group are characteristic and typical. They oGcur in men and


The invention discloses an energy-saving ultralow-temperature preservation box which comprises a high-temperature refrigerating cycle unit and a low-temperature refrigerating cycle unit. The high-temperature refrigerating cycle unit and the low-temperature refrigerating cycle unit are coupled together by a heat exchanger; the high-temperature refrigerating cycle unit comprises a cycle compressor, a condenser, a first drying filter, a first capillary tube, a first automatic control valve component and a second capillary tube; and the low-temperature refrigerating cycle unit comprises a low-temperature compressor, an oil separator, a first heat regenerator, a second heat regenerator, a first drying filter,, a second drying filter, a third capillary tube, a second capillary tube, a first, automatic control valve component, a second automatic control valve component, a third automatic control valve component, a fourth automatic control valve component, a fifth automatic control valve component and an evaporator. The high-temperature refrigerating cycle and the low-temperature refrigerating cycle are coupled to realize low-temperature refrigeration, and the heat regenerating cycle form and the capillary tube energy-saving cycle form are used to improve the regenerating cycle efficiency. The energy-saving ultralow-temperature preservation box has the characteristics of high temperature decreasing speed, high regenerating efficiency, safety, reliability, energy saving and environment friendliness and can meet the regenerating requirement of the low-temperature environment of 50-90 DEG C below zero.


The fundamental issue of the region of period formaton in a degenerate star is examined, with special attention given to the treatment of the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. It is shown that, in order to obtain reliable numerical results in degenerate stellar models, the Brunt-Vaisala frequency must be appropriately transformed, because it is defined in terms of a difference between two numbers which become nearly equal in highly degenerate matter, causing serious numerical problems and systematic errors. An alternative expression is derived, which is valid for multicomponent nonideal partially degenerate and partially ionized plasmas such as those encountered in white dwarf envelopes. This expression is used to compute the period structure of the same white dwarf considered by Pesnell (1987). It is shown that the implicit numerical differencing used in the Lagrangian pulsation code of Pesnell leads to very serious difficulties when used with models of degenerate stars. 31 refs.


Campus slang, a variation of social speeches recessively spoken by the youth occurs, survives, develops and changes as a cultural phenomenon. Being a special social sign of language, it reflects the state of social conventional culture and the youth's recessive mental traits and value orientation. This paper argues that the slang of common concern in the world of communities, schools, families and media can be passed down and integrated positively, vividly and culturally into regional dialects and national linguistic culture.


The results of several randomised trials have shown superior outcomes with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction compared to thrombolytic treatment.1-4 Primary angioplasty establishes TIMI-3 flow in the infarct artery in 93–97% of patients1 5 compared with 54% with accelerated t-PA.6 Pooled data from three randomised trials have shown lower hospital mortality (2.2% v 5.9%, p = 0.02) and less non-fatal re-infarction (1.9% v 8.1%, p = 0.001) in patients treated with primary angioplasty versus thrombolytic treatment.1-3 Intracranial haemorrhage, the most feared complication of thrombolysis, occurred significantly less often with primary angioplasty versus t-PA in both the PAMI-1 trial (0% v 2.0%, p = 0.05)1 and the GUSTO-IIB trial (0% v 1.4%, p = 0.008).4 In addition, several studies have documented shorter hospital stay and comparable or lower hospital costs with primary angioplasty.7-9 Because of these data, primary angioplasty has emerged as the preferred reperfusion strategy for acute myocardial infarction in institutions with interventional facilities and skilled operators.

The use of primary angioplasty is limited by the availability of facilities and technical staff to perform coronary interventional procedures. Fewer than 20% of hospitals in the United States, and fewer than 10% of hospitals in Europe have facilities to perform angioplasty, and not all of these institutions are prepared to perform the procedure …


e11561 Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) histology comprises around 10 percent of invasive breast cancers. To our knowledge, patterns of metastases over the entire disease course of ILC have been poorly described. Methods: Using a prospective registry in a single-institution academic oncology practice, we identified metastatic sites among women diagnosed with metastatic ILC or IDC between 1998 and 2012. Results: Among 694 patients, 615 (88.6%) had IDC and 79 (11.4%) had ILC histology. Pts with ILC had a higher median age at diagnosis of primary cancer and metastatic disease (p<0.01), a greater stage (III and IV) at the time of first cancer diagnosis (p=0.003), more hormone receptor-positive disease, fewer HER2-positive and triple negative tumors (p=0.003) compared with IDC. Median number of metastatic organ involvement was similar between IDC and ILC. Over the course of metastatic disease, more pts with IDC had visceral disease, lung, liver and ovarian metastases, but there was no difference be...


Making use of the low pressure, water‐cooled Hg arcs as the source of nearly monochromatic radiation, a simple method was developed for the investigation of the Raman spectra of polycrystalline solids. The method was applied to the study of the first four normal paraffins. The Raman spectra of the solids between 600–1500 cm−1 are compared with those in the liquid phase. All these spectra undergo a marked simplification on solidification due to the disappearance of all but one of the rotational isomers. This process is shown to be discontinuous at the melting point.


(2003). Performing identity: Dawn French and the funny fat female body. Feminist Media Studies: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 315-328.


Kamann et al. (2007) address a very interesting and important topic. However, the presentation missed certain key references and concepts related to porosity and permeability of mixtures. The paper appears to convey the idea that a granular material has a unique porosity. However, even with equal spheres, porosity can range from a minimum of about 26% for simple cubic packing to a maximum of nearly 48% for hexagonal packing (e.g., Smith et al. 1929). The porosity is also strongly related to various physical properties such as elastic modulus, shear strength, and more generally stress-strain behavior. The relationships between the grain-size distribution curve and the associated range of porosity values have long been studied in many areas for binary, ternary, and multimodal mixtures (e.g., Furnas 1928; Burmister 1938; Hutchinson and Townsend 1961; Epstein and Young 1962; Lees 1970; Peronius and Sweeting 1985; Yu et al. 1993; Yu and Zou 1997; Rassouly 1999; Liu and Ha 2002). The Kamann et al. results should be modified to take into account a range of porosity (minimum and maximum values) that depends on the densification energy (i.e., natural or imposed stress state). The extreme values of porosity can be obtained using detailed procedures defined in commonly used standards (American Society of Testing and Materials 2007a, 2007b). In the paper, the preparation method does not appear to follow a specific standard; at least, it is not sufficiently described to be reproduced by others. With reference to prior research work, the authors could have mentioned that (1) the porosity range of a binary mixture depends on the size ratio and the percentage of each component; (2) the porosity of a sediment mixture for a given preparation and placement (compaction) mode cannot be obtained by a linear combination of the porosity of the mixture components for the same preparation and placement mode; and (3) the average grain diameter does not determine the range of porosity values. The latter can nonetheless be predicted using various characteristics of the grain-size distribution and the particle shape and roughness. When dealing with mixtures (and materials with a widely distributed grain size), it is also important to recognize conditions that produce segregation. It is unfortunate that the paper also omitted a large number of studies that have investigated means to predict the permeability of binary and multimodal mixtures (e.g., Leitzelement et al. 1985; Chapuis 2002). For clarifying the confusion around the Kozeny-Carman equation, one may refer to Chapuis and Aubertin (2003, 2004). For linking the predictive equations of Hazen and KozenyCarman, the reader may refer to Mbonimpa et al. (2002), Chapuis (2004), and Aubertin et al. (2005). Finally, it is worth mentioning that, since 1989, many scientific associations working on particle packing have gathered at the International Conferences on Micromechanics of Granular Media to avoid the lack of communication that had resulted in ''replicated effort in learning the same basic principles over and over'' (German 1989).


Published annually, this book lists the bulletin board systems established in the United States of America. Each entry includes the hardware and software used and details of the hours during which the system operates.


It has been reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts bone forming effects in vivo when administered intermittently.Insulin like growth factor I(IGF I)is produced by osteoblasts and stored in the bone matrix.IGF I stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast.To further understand the interaction between calciotropic hormones and those bone derived growth factors in osteoblasts,the interaction between PTH and IGF I in osteoblast like ROS 17/2.8 cells was observed,and the possible explanation of the mechanism was provided.Cells were exposed to IGF I(10 9 mol/L)for three days,meanwhile PTH(10 9 mol/L)was added for the first 6 hours of each day.The results showed that SRB(sodium rhodamine B)assay and 3H TdR incorporations were all significantly enhanced by the combined treatrment of PTH(intermittently)and IGF I.PTH combined with IGF I could also induce the gene expression of proto oncogene( c fos,c jun,c ki ras )and the marker protein of osteoblast osteocalcin gene.Furthermore,the gene expression of PTH receptor could be induced by IGF I.These data suggested that IGF I and PTH might synergistically stimulate proliferation and differentiation in osteoblast like ROS 17/2.8 cells.The enhanced gene expression of proto oncogene probably played a role in the mechanism.IGF I might regulate the response of the osteoblast like cell to PTH via enhancing the PTH receptor gene expression.


In order to filter low reflectance material of laser,a kind of high response measuring instrument for light intensity has been developed by using the principium of interference filter and aiming at specific wavelength of laser.Its precision is over 0.2%,and it can be used to filter the material whose reflectivity is under 0.2% with the methods both of comparability and transform.In the meanwhile,it could solve the problem that it is difficult to adjust an optical measuring instrument in invisible optical band.Then the optics measuring work can be done under the daylight lamp.


This paper discusses the performance of cellular radio topologies employing dynamic
cell sectoring and beam steering. Interference analysis and a teletraffic simulation
study based on a TDMA cellular system employing dynamic cell sectoring and base
station antenna beam steering technique has been carried out. Results in term of calls
dropped, handovers per call, channel utilisation and mean value of C/I at the mobiles
are compared with those obtained when omni-directional and uni-directional antenna
patterns are used in base stations. Simulation results have shown that dynamic cell
sectoring system improved teletraffic performances over omni-system but not over
sectorisation in some cases


The kinetics of the initial stage of the formation of a nickel aluminate spinel on the surface of alumina substrates has been studied. The NiO layer was formed by evaporating a thin film Ni onto the surface of single-crystal alumina substrates and oxidizing the specimens in air at 700°C. This method gave a thin layer of NiO film that was uniform in thickness on top of the alumina substrates. The alumina surfaces studied include (0001), [1120], [1102], and [1100]. After the initial oxidation, the samples were annealed in air at 1020°C. The interaction of the thin-film and the single-crystal substrates was examined using Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopy. The crystallography of the alumina substrates was found to influence greatly the kinetics of the spinel formation. For example, the rate of the spinel formation reaction is fastest for the lsqb;1102rsqb; and lsqb;1100rsqb; orientations and slowest for the (0001) orientation. The roughness of the surface of the alumina substrate has also been shown to influence directly the rate of the spinel formation. The presence of surface scratches accelerated the spinel formation.


T HE ARCTIC ICE DYNAMICS JOINT EXPERIMENT (AIDJEX) was an American-Canadian project to develop a comprehensive model of sea ice cover under the combined influences of the atmosphere and the ocean. From sea ice modeling studies in the 1950s and early 1960s, it had become clear that the "missing link" in resolving the momentum equation was the flow law for sea ice, that is, the law describing internal ice stress and its spatial propagation (Doronoin and Kheisin, 1975). The central idea of AIDJEX was that a realistic formulation of this law would eventually permit the construction of a sea ice model that could be built into the global climate models being developed at that time. The momentum equation, also known as Newton's Second Law, states that the acceleration of a body, multiplied by its mass, is proportional to the sum of all forces acting on it. In the case of sea ice cover as it exists on the Arctic Ocean, the acceleration is negligibly small, so the sum of all forces acting upon the ice must be zero. These forces are the tangential forces exerted by the wind and ocean currents, a force resulting from the rotation of the earth (the Coriolis force), and a small component of gravity resulting from the dynamic tilt of the sea surface. These external forces are counteracted by an internal stress with which the ice resists deformation. This relationship is expressed by a "flow law" that relates the external stress to the rate of deformation. The four external stress terms in the momentum equation lend themselves to direct observation, but the internal stress cannot be measured directly and must be deduced from the deformation of an array of points (marked by stations or ice camps). Given the scale of air and water stress, this measurement clearly required multiple manned stations. The notion had been discussed at various meetings and workshops held by the Arctic Institute of North America and the National Research Council's Polar Research Board, but as yet there was no concerted effort within the sea ice community to develop a scientific plan for a project. The first "embryonic" plan was formulated in 1965, but the actual impetus to develop a serious project plan came in 1968, with a phone call to one of us (N.U.) from Walt Wittmann of the Navy Hydrographic Office. Reminding us that we had discussed the need for a multiple-station project, Wittmann offered seed funding for the development of a scientific plan. The first version of such a plan was submitted to the Office of Naval Research in July 1969. While it is difficult in retrospect to unravel the multitude of personal recollections, individual biases, and historical facts, it is clear that this first scientific plan was the right seed planted in the right soil, because within the next two years AIDJEX was off and running. Between 1970 and 1978, the Project Office published 40 issues of the AIDJEX Bulletin: in total, more than 4000 pages of original scientific papers, field reports, data reports, workshop reports, and translations of relevant Russian papers. Thanks to the generous effort by colleagues at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the entire collection and the 1972 and 1975 Operations Manuals are now available on the Internet at <http://psc.apl.washington. edu/aidjex/>.


Postmortem examination is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of postmortem examination among doctors and nurses in a tertiary health care of Sokoto state. A cross-sectional study design was used, and a total of 149 doctors and nurses participated in the study. Respondents were recruited into the study using probability proportionate to size followed by a simple random sampling method. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 17.0. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were carried out. The mean age of respondents was 31.6 (5.6) years. There were more nurses than doctors (60.4% vs. 39.6%) in the study. More than three-quarter (80%) of the respondents had fair to good knowledge of postmortem examination. While many respondents expressed positive attitudes and perceptions, less than half were willing to accept organs from deceased donors. Respondents' profession influenced both the knowledge (P > 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 13.95) and attitude (P < 0.04, OR = 2.49) to postmortem examination. Although greater than three-quarter of respondents had fair to good knowledge and many expressed positive attitudes and perceptions with respect to postmortem examination, there is need to create more awareness on medical benefit of postmortem examination.


Many studies have shown that firm growth decreases monotonically with size and age. In this study, the authors investigate employment growth of firms in Turkey with an emphasis on small and medium size enterprises. In Turkey, small and medium size enterprises account for almost 77 percent of employment and play a crucial role in the economy. However, the analysis of firm dynamics in Turkey shows that medium-size firms (51-250 workers) are the slowest growing group in the economy. Moreover, small and medium size enterprises grow at a slower rate in Turkey than in several comparator countries in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. After determining this irregularity, the paper analyzes how the investment climate affects firm growth and finds that improved access to finance is the most important factor that significantly increases firm growth rates.


Technology in the hands of young professionals leads to many superficial inventions among that smart mobile device are now with all hu-man beings who may be in the village or in a modern town always busy looking at their mobile devices. People interacting with social media or many online games through smart mobile device leads the battery power down and slower the performance. Mobile Cloud Computation offloading is the best strategy to overcome this pitfall. Binding of Mobile devices to the powerful cloud with the side support from tele-communication is called Mobile cloud computing. Offloading takes the heavier computation to the cloud through the network and resolves the problem there and come back to smart mobile device. This paper compares and contrasts the features of offloading types and frame-works.


Purpose: This study aims to explore the need for space (demand) and the provision thereof (supply) in the Faculty of Architecture building at Thammasat University Rangsit campus using variables from the designing an accommodation strategy (DAS) framework;these variables are incorporated to test and improve the framework. Another purpose is to examine the planning and development of the faculty building to understand its strategy, which serves as a means to contribute to the planning and development theory. Design/methodology/approach: A case study of the Faculty of Architecture building was conducted at Thammasat University in Thailand. The DAS framework was used to reconstruct and examine the development process of the building to determine the gaps between supply and demand in terms of building space, to reflect on the building plan and process and to make suggestions as to how the DAS framework might be improved. Research methods included interviews and document analysis concerning space requirements and provision in the Faculty of Architecture building. Findings: The gaps between supply and demand in terms of the faculty building space are affected by the condition of the building (i.e. building obsolescence), the number of building users and the changing environmental context. This study shows that both pre-design and post-occupancy evaluation are essential to collect data concerning the match or mismatch between supply and demand of space and to assess users' needs and preferences concerning the faculty building. Regarding the building development process, factors impacting the step-by-step planning of the real estate interventions include the organisational context (public/private sector) and the management of the construction project (time, cost, quality). The DAS framework is found to be useful for structuring the information-generating processes necessary to determine gaps between demand and supply in terms of space and for making decisions regarding real estate interventions. Research limitations/implications: Additional case studies in different environmental and organisational contexts are required to test the DAS framework and improve data validity. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period, which affected data accessibility. Practical implications: The results provide insight into the influence of various factors on the decision of corporate real estate. The DAS framework can be used to explore the range of demand for and supply of space and to find an optimal match. Originality/value: This paper shows valuable steps in planning and development of educational real estate and a first application of the DAS framework in Thailand. The findings confirm the importance of the physical learning environment of architecture schools, particularly the studio spaces required in architecture education. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.


A purely analytical method has been developed for the kinetic (force or kinetostatic) analysis of frictionless planar mechanisms. It employs polar notation of vectors, the principle of conservation of energy and the force equilibrium of the links. Unlike many other methods which lead to a system of several simultaneous equations, it leads to only one algebraic or one vectorial equation at a time and, interestingly, it is less time consuming that the conventional graphical methods. The method is general, comprehensive and systematic such that it could also serve as a suitable teaching technique for manual approach to the problem. It easily lends itself to automation too.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The objective of this paper is to propose a method for simulating and predicting the evolution of wood resources in the 'Lan- des de Gascogne' region. Lemoine's growth and yield model has been successfully utilized to predict future timber resources from exis- ting data collected in two successive surveys (1977 and 1988) conducted by the National Forest Inventory (NFI). Lemoine's model was calibrated by analysing the error in estimation of stand features between the NFI plots and experimental plots originally used to built Le- moine's model. The proposed corrected term is based on the best linear unbiased predictor of the error. The calibrated model exhibited a better accuracy than the original model version. We suggest that coupling the calibrated Lemoine's model with NFI data is a useful me- thod for predicting timber resources at a regional level. wood resource / national forest inventory / growth model / model calibration / maritime pine


In 1986, due to a sudden and acute shortage of supply teachers, West Sussex KITT (Keep in Touch with Teaching) was set up to encourage teachers, especially women who had left to bring up a family, to return to the profession. This book makes available the experience gained in setting up the system.


This study sort to find out, the influence of separation of powers on performance of governance in County governments in Kenya. Purposive sampling probability and simple random sampling techniques were utilized in drawing a representative sample from a population of 47 counties in Kenya. Structured questionnaires were used in the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. Simple regression model was used to analyze the data with hypothesis testing being applied as the basis to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis at 0.05 with the aid of statistical results package for social science (SPSS) as a tool. The findings revealed that commitment on separation of powers significantly influence the performance of governance in county governments in Kenya. Specifically, through separation of powers, the county government has the autonomy and independence to focus on revenue generation and develop important sectors at the county level; It is through the separation of powers that power is applied to the objectives to which it was invented. It is therefore important that citizen participation in issues of governance is encouraged and facilitated. The reason for this is that citizen participation will increase their receptiveness to policies formulated to address their needs since they were at the center in the development phase of these policies.
Keywords:  Separation of powers, performance, County governments, Devolution & Kenya


purpose of the paper was to offer an explanation for the lower incidence of tracheal trauma that had been demonstrated by ~ t h e r s . ~ ~ It is evident that when the low pressure cuff is collapsed the greater circumference of cuff when compared to that of the tube must present some folds which will give rise to the 'ridges' described by Dr Dinnick. However, these need not necessarily be bulky, as Figs la and I b demonstrate. It is important that the correct technique is employed in deflating such a cuff prior to intubation or extubation. The air in the cuff should be withdrawn using a syringe, until a vacuum is produced and, then to seal the inflation line whilst the vacuum is maintained. This prevents any further ingress of air into the cuff and so ensures that the cuff bulk is minimised. The suggestion of Dr Dinnick for the 'ideal' design of cuff is interesting as it produces conflicting requirements. The virtue of low pressure cuffs relies on the cuff material being unstretched. In this condition the intracuff pressure and tracheal wall pressure will approximate and follow the airway pressure. This condition will not apply in the case of a distended cuff, and to introduce the concept of a 'non-distensible' cuff above a certain pressure raises its own peculiar problems. A set characteristic of non-distensibility suggests a standard size of trachea, and since both size and shape of the trachea vary not only from individual to individual but also during the respiratory cycle in the same subject, a pre-set pressure limit on distensibility would seem impracticable. No one would claim, as yet, to have the ideal solution and further developments will undoubtedly take place to improve such cuffed tubes.


The typical organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) distribution of the Yangtze River estuary was studied for shallow sediments from Qidong Jiangsu,Chongming Island,Changxing and Hengsha Island Shanghai.The detection limit is 0.10 ng/g,the recovery of samples are 62.4%-116.7% and the relative standard deviation(RSD) are 2.7%-8.3% by using Gas Chromatography equipment with electron capture detector(ECD).Research results indicate that mild and moderate contamination of OCPs did exist along the coast of Yangtze River estuary and the mainly detected total DDTs ranged from 1.22 to 626.43 ng/g.The results show that DDTs had been detected at the depth of 0-80 cm.DDT distributions in shallow sediments at the depth of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm and 60-80 cm are 58.1%,30.8%,8.2% and 2.9% of the total contents,respectively.The DDTs are primarily distributed at depths of 0-40 cm in shallow sediments.A few DDTs were detected for some samples from 40-80 cm area.The results provide some references for the vertical profile of OCPs in this region.


Interest in the application of phygital marketing to retail commerce has increased in recent years. Implicit in this excitement is the notion that physical experiences provide unique value above and beyond what can be offered via digital means, and therefore that combining the two can galvanize sales. However, the specific sources of this marketing potential remain undertheorized and the factors determining the appropriateness of such implementations remain unclear. Based on an extensive review of relevant literatures, we begin by considering a particularly important potential source of phygital marketing's power. Specifically, we bring together findings from consumer psychology and neuroscience to provide a mechanistic account explaining how the combination of reduced "pain of payment", facilitated by digital purchasing technologies, and the product attachment generated by real or simulated product experiences prior to purchase holds the potential to increase sales. We then propose a more general theoretical framework grounded on a review of primary and secondary research findings from consumer psychology and consumer neuroscience to explain the potential power of phygital marketing experiences, account for their unique value, and provide a platform for future research. The paper equips both academics and practitioners with a better and more scientific understanding of the practical dimensions of phygital commerce and lays a foundation for future enquiry.


The pollutant removal efficiency of APMP effluent of populus davidianas were studied by means of a lab scale UASB SBR process.The results showed that COD removal of the effluent was 90.3%.The progressive equation for UASB SBR and dynamical equation for SBR were obtained by the computer based on the experimental data.


Hegel is one of the most influential thinkers of modernity. Less recognized, but equally significant is his life-long engagement with ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. As a student of the Stuttgart Gymnasium, sometime headmaster of the Nürnberg Gymnasium, contemporary of philhellenes like Goethe and Hölderlin as well as seminal classical scholars like August Wolf and Niebuhr, Hegel developed his encyclopedic system at a time when classical scholarship was being institutionalized as Altertumswissenschaft, and when Hellenic studies in particular were experiencing a 'renaissance', especially in Germany. This chapter surveys Hegel's life, education, publications, and persistent ideas, placing these in their immediate context in the revolutionary era after 1776. Hegel's persistent and many-faceted return to antiquity—to the Romans as well as the Greeks—is clear in his Berlin lecture series on politics, art, religion, philosophy, and history. These themes form the core of Hegel's philosophy of 'spirit', and are here outlined as the focus of subsequent chapters.


Technical principles perioperative management fundamental conditions and procedures first ray, hallux abducto valgus, and related deformities compound deformities major arthrodesing procedures special surgery trauma of the foot and leg postoperative complications and considerations.


Assessment in view of revenue is quite popular in mineral rights assessment in China,and also meets the greatest number of problems in practice,theoretically implying a lot of issues that need to be resolved.Discount rate is one of major parameters in revenue assessment and one of the most controversial parameters.This paper summarized the methods to determine the value of discount rate,put forward some more methods and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages.


This paper describes an integrated fingertip for robotic (and even prosthetic) hands, which incorporates different types of sensors as well as signal preprocessing electronics. The core of the fingertip is an army of 64 piezoresistive sensors arranged in space-variant geometry as a high-resolution tactile "focus of attention". The space resolution of the sensor is 1 mm in the center and 4 mm in the periphery, whereas the force sensing range is comprised between 0.1 and 8 N, with a bandwidth of 100 Hz. A piezoelectric dynamic sensor is also included in the fingertip, providing sensitivity to vibrations during the exploration of object surfaces or in the event of slippage. The bandwidth of this sensor after processing exceeds 500 Hz. The fingertip incorporates a preprocessing circuitry implemented on two multilayer miniature boards based on SMD technology. The embedded processor is an 8-bit microcontroller and a parallel port provides PC-compatible I/O to the controller of the hand on which the fingertip is expected to be mounted. The integrated fingertip may be a useful tool for investigating exploratory and manipulation tasks in robotics.


We present an implementation of the algorithm for computing Groebner bases for operads due to the first author and A. Khoroshkin. We discuss the actual algorithms, the choices made for the implementation platform and the data representation, and strengths and weaknesses of our approach.


Objective To observe the effects of Tangshenjiaonang (TSJN) on biochemistry, renal function and hemorheology of alloxan and achromycin induced diabetic nephropathy rats. Methods The diabetic nephropathy rats induced by alloxan and achromycin were divided into 5 experimental groups. compared with control group, to observe the changes of the indicators shown about. Results TSJN can significantly decrease the level of SCr, BUN, CCr, FIB, plasma viscosity and UAER (P 0.05 or P 0.01). Conclusion TSJN has significant preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy rats induced by alloxan and achromycin.


s THIS IS WRITTEN, some 17 years have A passed since one of us (A.P.S.) with Murray10 described a tumor type that they believed was a specialized form of vascular tumor featuring pericytes. It differs from the better known glomus tumor that also features pericytes but is a highly organoid growth, whereas the hemangiopericytoma, as Stout and MurraylO called it, is diffuse and not organoid. Since that time, the Laboratory of Surgical Pathology of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, N.Y., has accumulated some 307 cases of hemangiopericytoma. As a study of all mesenchymal tumors in children up to and including the age of 15 years is now in progress in this Laboratory,


In this dissertation a Multi-Agent System (MAS) for illustrative rendering of implicit surfaces is presented. The system uses techniques from MAS to advance and combine previous particle-based object-space methods and agent-based image-space approaches. Previous approaches to pen-and-ink style renderings of implicit surfaces were based on particle systems, which were slow to achieve a good distribution of particles across a complex surface, and subsequently trace features. The focus was previously on creating an automatic system for feature identification and illustration.
The method proposed in this thesis develops traditional particles into semi-autonomous agents (called smarticles) that use goal directed behaviours to complete tasks. Tasks include identifying and tracing feature lines, place strokes or stipples, and explore a region. Stipples or short or long, curved or straight, strokes can be placed anywhere on the surface relative to smarticle paths. Smarticles also create colour accents or highlights using a low resolution polygonisation of the object that is also used for hidden line removal. Smarticles use attribute properties associated with individual or groups of primitives that create the model. Using this method any subtree in the data structure that represents the model can be rendered in a particular style.


This paper reports on various aspects of the Japanese expression "Aisatsu (a synonym of 'greetings' in English)".When "Aisatsu" is defined as fixed and courteous expressions which are exchanged on certain occasions expected by the society for making opening communication smooth and maintaining relationships comfortably, then the questions of 'on what occasions are "Aisatsu" exchanged? 'and 'what expressions are used as "Aisatsu"? inevitably occur. To answer these questions, first, a classification of "Aisatsu" is tried in this paper.Secondly, the range which the term "Aisatsu" covers and the cases in which "Aisatsu" are exchanged or not exchanged in Japanese society are shown.Finally, the author refers to some linguistic features of the expressions in various "Aisatsu", andcontrasts them with a few other languages.


Texture analyses have been conducted on gamma titanium aluminide ({gamma}-TiAl) strips produced using the recently developed plasma melt overflow process. The results indicated that , , and texture components were all observed in the {alpha}{sub 2}-phase. After annealing at 1,065 C/48 hrs., the {gamma}-phase textures did not change while the {alpha}{sub 2}-phase changed from a basal to a texture. It is suggested that the texture development in direct cast {gamma} strips produced using this technique are a direct result of lattice rotations and residual stresses caused by nonuniform cooling.


Research on the effect of shareholding division reformation uses the way of event study,which is an important researching approach.Through studying the changes in stock price during the time before and after the event,not only the influence of a certain event can be estimated but also the validity of market can be tested.This paper studies the influence of shareholding division reformation on the SMEs in Shenzhen Stock Market in the way of event study and draws the conclusion that the event of shareholding division reformation has an outstanding influence on the price tendency of SMEs in Shenzhen Stock Market during a short time and that Shenzhen Stock Market has not become semi-strong efficient.


The zygomatic arch is a bony arch on both sides of the face consisting of the zygomatic bone, with processes that fuse with the zygomatic process of the temporal bones. It is a structure where the masseter muscle is inserted on the ventral part of the arch and participates in formation of the face, giving it prominence of the cheeks and a round outline. Between the zygomatic arch and the skull, the coronoid processes of the mandible move freely when the mouth is opened and closed. A fracture, which generally depresses this arch, implicates a partial or total obstruction of the movement of the condyle and of the coronoid process of the mandible, changing the opening and closure of the mouth.1 These fractures may also be responsible for the so-called false ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint.2 The fractures that occur in this arch may be classified according to the fracture line as simple, composite, or complex; opened or closed; or one-point or two-point fractures (M fractures).3 The diagnosis of these fractures is clinical, assisted by radiographic examinations. There are a number of techniques for the correction of fractures of the zygomatic arch, ranging from a simple reduction [the arch is elevated by means of a Gillies approach4 using Rowe forceps (transtemporal, sliding down along temporalis muscle) or by means of a transoral approach using a periosteal elevator using a hook or Ginestet elevator5] to complex surgical techniques with metallic splints, miniplates, drains, and external devices for stabilization.2,5–9 In most cases of zygomatic arch fractures, the surgical reduction alone of the fractures is not enough as a definitive treatment. Because of the movement of fragments, it is indispensable to have a complementary treatment aimed at the stabilization and fixation of the arch in the correct position until the conclusion of the calcification process (i.e., formation of fibrosis and bone callus).10 Most of the techniques used with complementary methods of fixation and stabilization often cause great physical and psychological discomfort to the patients. The Killey technique3 consists of surgical reduction by means of the Gillies approach with the use of a Bristow elevator, and it does not require external fixation because of the presence of the fascia of the temporal muscle. The Nativg technique11 consists of using a rubber drain, introduced into the existing space between the skull and the fractures of the zygomatic arch in a zigzag or back-and-forth pattern, thus avoiding the deepening of the fragments of this arch, which usually fractures into two, three, or four places. This drain persists for 5 to 7 days, providing time for the organization and realignment of tissue. The Ginestet technique consists of the following: after a punctiform incision on the skin, at the level of the lower border of the zygomatic arch, the Ginestet elevator is introduced and the bone is pulled outward and upward. Champy12 and Hardt13 use miniplates for osteosynthesis and complete fixation in some cases. The Ocelo Pinherio technique14 consists of using a Reverdin needle, long and curved, inserted on the lower border of the malar bone, very close to where it adjoins the maxilla, with the patient under general anesthesia.


Introduction Multi-component OBC data contain both Pand mode-converted S-waves. Separation of P and Swavefields and obtaining the primary Pand S-wave responses at the sea bed are one of the main procedures for multi-component OBC data processing. We propose a scheme to separate the whole P and Swavefields for wide-aperture multi-component OBC data in the p − τ domain. For sub-basalt imaging, the long-offsets data are proved to be very powerful with strong wide-angle reflections. Successful separation for the wide-angle reflections by this scheme suggests that it may be applicable in sub-basalt imaging by using pure Pand pure S-wavefields jointly.


Synchrotron-based X-ray imaging permits spatially resolved visualization of the 2D and 3D structure in materials and organisms. Due to the large penetration depth of X-rays with energies higher than 6 keV, this modality allows one to obtain full volumetric information of non-transparent samples [1]. The experimental station for high-speed X-ray imaging at ANKA's TopoTomo beam line (Fig. 1) is capable of taking radiographic projections with 50 kHz image repetition rates using optimized detector systems. Tomographic acquisition rates of up to 30 volumes per second are possible if the image acquisition is coupled with a continuous rotation of the specimen under study. This non-destructive imaging technique is currently the only available method for in-vivo investigations of millimeter-sized nontranslucent specimens with spatial resolutions down to the submicrometer range. We present application examples used to visualize the internal motion of insect organs as well as examples of semi-automatic segmentation of the volumetric time series.


There were some changes of mineral components, internal structure and moisture content of the rocks constituent after the thermal annealing treatment was given at 400, 500, 600 °C. Physical of testing rocks like; density, porosity, specific gravity, Absorption have a relationship with temperature. The test results showed that the average density decreased 0.7 g/cm3, porosity increased 26%, Density unchanged and Absortion increased 35%. The test of rock minerals components X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF).


Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. While the use of citalopram is relatively safe, certain side effects could negatively affect a pilot's performance and become a factor in an aviation accident. The side effects of this medication include nausea, tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision. Due to the severity of aviation accidents, blood samples are often not available, so tissues must be relied upon for analysis. Therefore, understanding the distribution of a drug throughout postmortem fluids and tissues is important when trying to interpret drug impairment and/or intoxication. Our laboratory investigated the distribution of citalopram and its main active metabolite, desmethylcitalopram, in various postmortem tissues and fluids obtained from 15 fatal aviation accident cases. When available, 10 specimen types were analyzed for each case, including blood, urine, vitreous humor, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, muscle, heart, and brain. Whole blood citalopram concentrations obtained from these 15 cases ranged from 0.079 to 1.06 μg/mL. Distribution, expressed as specimen/blood ratio, for citalopram was 12 ± 19 in urine, 0.42 ± 0.21 in vitreous humor, 16 ± 8 in liver, 15 ± 15 in lung, 3.6 ± 2.5 in kidney, 8.1 ± 3.7 in spleen, 0.83 ± 0.40 in muscle, 2.3 ± 1.2 in brain, and 1.9 ± 1.0 in heart. Distribution coefficients obtained for citalopram had coefficient of variations (CV) ranging from 46-158%. With such large CV's, the distribution coefficients have very little use in aiding in the interpretation of citalopram-positive tissue specimens. Furthermore, no consistent citalopram/desmethylcitalopram ratio was identified within any specimen group. This study suggests that citalopram likely undergoes postmortem concentration changes.


tions listed in a monotonous and flat manner. Worse, the author has made no attempt to transcend the oversimplified and schematic approach toward the problems of social democracy which, although impeccably Marxist in its rhetoric, lacks the flexibility and imagination possessed by the best in Marxist historiography. Social democracy was indeed the "odd man out" in Hungary's political arena during the decades prior to World War I, but the contradictions that engulfed the party were neither Hegelian abstractions, nor merely shifting positions taken by calculating and shrewd leaders. Rather, these contradictions expressed the predicament of people who had to make constant adjustments between a revolutionary ideology and their own natural inclination to become integral parts of the normal political process. The latter was not simply the consequence of opportunism, as it partially derived from Social Democrats' acceptance of certain basic assumptions—including adherence to Hungary's territorial integrity and, to a degree, a belief in Magyar supremacy—which were difficult, if not impossible, to integrate with proletarian internationalism or national self-determination. Because Socialists are not the timeless representatives of an eternal truth, but the products of their own time and environment, a study of Social Democrats cannot be successful if their activities are taken out of context and measured by the rigidly applied anachronistic yardstick of political parochialism.


Astronaut William Anders photograph 'Earthrise,' taken in 1968 as part of the Apollo 8 mission is recognised as one of the most influential environmental photographs ever produced. Ian McHarg in his book Design with Nature features these seductive aerial images from the Apollo mission to support his argument for a more holistic and systematic approach to planning premised on ecological values and analysis. Writing in 1990, James Corner highlighted the contradictory valuing of these compelling aerial images, arguing that they simultaneously represent both humility and omnipotent power. Throughout the 1990s Corner and his contemporaries rallied against the totalising totalizing representations of the aerial photo and the map, linking these techniques with the rationale and utilitarian measures driving the planning and design of cities. Instead they argued for the re-insertion of imagination and meaning into design processes, bringing a stronger cultural imperative to the landscape project. Thirty years on, big data and the potentials of computer simulation have once again enticed landscape architecture back into the realm of measurement and technology. Should we consider this a return to the ambitions of the enlightenment project where nature can be mastered through measurement and prediction, or does simulation in the twenty-first century offer alternative possibilities? We argue that the value of simulation lies not in its replication of reality, but instead in its transformative powers in relationship to knowledge. Simulation requires the designer to adopt an experimental process with clearly defined relationships and interdependencies between phenomena and information. Rather than predict outcome, simulation can best be described as a controlled discovery, offering a valuable technique for exploring and experimenting for a future shaped by the unpredictability of climate change.


Part 1 Food and beverage management: on-line the Do Drop Inn Bridley City General Hospital Newland Town Hall the String of Pearls. Part 2 Front office and accommodation management: Hamilton College of Higher Education countrywide manors Cleveden Residential Management Centre the Lord Dubarry the Dunadry. Part 3 Human resource management: the Grand Hotel the Carlton Hotel Inn on the Lake the Valley View Hotel Kirby Lodge. Part 4 Marketing: travel pal Blaen Wern Crown Hotels the Cedar Tree Truffles. Part 5 Financial management: the Riverside Inn Falmer School Griffin Hotel and Leisure Group Beinn Bhalgalrean and Kinglass Hotel the catering hire company. Part 6 Operations management: City of Lights the Salad Bowl Fit For Living leisure centre the Seven Bridges the Rice House.


Land cover patterns in sub-Saharan Africa are rapidly changing. This study aims to quantify the land cover change and to identify its major determinants by using the Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses (DPSIR) framework in the Ethiopian Gozamin District over a period of 32 years (1986 to 2018). Satellite images of Landsat 5 (1986), Landsat 7 (2003), and Sentinel-2 (2018) and a supervised image classification methodology were used to assess the dynamics of land cover change. Land cover maps of the three dates, focus group discussions (FGDs), interviews, and farmers' lived experiences through a household survey were applied to identify the factors for changes based on the DPSIR framework. Results of the investigations revealed that during the last three decades the study area has undergone an extensive land cover change, primarily a shift from cropland and grassland into forests and built-up areas. Thus, quantitative land cover change detection between 1986 and 2018 revealed that cropland, grassland, and bare areas declined by 10.53%, 5.7%, and 2.49%. Forest, built-up, shrub/scattered vegetation, and water bodies expanded by 13.47%, 4.02%, 0.98%, and 0.25%. Household surveys and focus group discussions (FGDs) identified the population growth, the rural land tenure system, the overuse of land, the climate change, and the scarcity of grazing land as drivers of these land cover changes. Major impacts were rural to urban migration, population size change, scarcity of land, and decline in land productivity. The outputs from this study could be used to assure sustainability in resource utilization, proper land use planning, and proper decision-making by the concerned government authorities.


Discusses "organizational learning", and the contribution of simulations and system dynamics to the improvement of managers′ "mental worlds" in accelerating anticipatory learning.


Since the Chinese reform,pig-raising industry made remarkable progress in quantity and quality,however,during recent years,it was puzzled by a whirlwind of ups and downs,pig-raising in countryside was no escape from fate as a vital part of our country pig-raising industry.If ways out of this difficulty were not be thought out,normal development of our country pig-raising industry would be affected,moreover,normal supply of meat for people would be affected.It is necessary to decrease and eliminate unsteady factors to keep steady development,the detail breakthrough aspects including ideas,policies and measures,management pattern,diseases prevention and information services.


Microwave circuits embedded in a multi-layer resin PCB are demonstrated using low loss resin materials. Resin materials for microwave frequencies were compared with conventional FR-4 with respect to dielectric and conductor loss factors, which proved that losses could be reduced drastically with the low loss material and design optimizations. Baluns, switches and BPFs were designed and fabricated to estimate microwave performances. Measured and simulated insertion losses of the circuits for 2.5 GHz band, were 0.3 dB for a switch, 0.4 dB for a balun and 2.0 dB for a 3-stage Chebyshev BPF. An integration of a switch, a BPF and two baluns was successfully implemented in a multi-layer PCB. Insertion losses of the fabricated integrated circuit were less than 3 dB with 0.1 dB additional loss compared with a sum of individual circuit losses. With estimated results of temperature characteristics and reliability as well as low loss performances, microwave circuits in resin PCBs can be considered as a viable candidate for microwave equipments.


High precision tracking using gaseous detectors mainly has two basic requirements: the first being a stable gas composition, the latter being a well-known space-drift time relation. But due to several reasons such as e.g. contamination by water or air a change of the gas composition might occur and thus influence the real space-drift time relation. To continuously monitor the composition of the gas therefore is the main design goal of the assembly introduced in this article. It is reached by a measurement of the drift velocity of electrons inside the gas as function of different electric field strengths. Finally, comparisons with Monte Carlo-simulations are drawn to extract the cause of the drift velocity change.


Abstract In this report, we present a modified dihydroxylation
procedure for terminal and internal alkenes under neat conditions using formic
acid and hydrogen peroxide. Upon the in
situ formation of performic acid, followed by the hydrolysis of hydroxy-formoxy
compounds with excess water, we can obtain a series of diols without catalysts
and bases.


. In wiggler samples as well as in imago ones detected are WNF virus markers, which indicate the possibility of transovarial and trans-phase transmission of virus into mosquito populations, habitant in urbanized biocoenoses. It is substantiated that Culex pipiens female mosquitoes, which reproduce autogenically, provide for the persistence of the virus within the inter-epidemic period. Therewith there is a possibility of sustained, epidemically-active WNF micro-foci to be formed in the residential area landscapes, and this issue should be given proper consideration when performing assessment of the risks associated with urban population exposure to the infection.


ABSTRACT Burkholderia sp. strain WAC0059 was isolated from a fruiting body of the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea collected in Taiwan. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium to facilitate the investigation of its biology.


Summary.  We propose a Bayesian non‐linear hierarchical model that addresses some of the major challenges that non‐life insurance companies face when forecasting the outstanding claim amounts for which they will ultimately be liable. This approach is distinctive in several ways. First, data from individual companies are treated as repeated measurements of various cohorts of claims, thus respecting the correlation between successive observations. Second, non‐linear growth curves are used to model the loss development process in a way that is intuitively appealing and facilitates prediction and extrapolation beyond the range of the available data. Third, a hierarchical structure is employed to reflect the natural variation of major parameters between the claim cohorts, accounting for their heterogeneity. This approach enables us to carry out inference at the level of industry, company and/or accident year, based on the full posterior distribution of all quantities of interest. In addition, prior experience and expert opinion can be incorporated in the analyses through judgementally selected prior probability distributions. The ability of the Bayesian framework to carry out simultaneous inference based on the joint posterior is of great importance for insurance solvency monitoring and industry decision making.


This PhD project focuses on the English and Italian legal terminology extracted from a bilingual corpus of European Union and national legal texts related to victims of crime. Since in the analysed multi-level jurisdiction several legal systems are interconnected, terminological dynamism manifests itself intralingually (in the national and the EU variety of the same language) and interlingually (when different languages are compared). The study has shown that intralingual dynamism results in denominative variation, i.e. the coexistence of several terms referring to a single concept, which has been classified according to four variables (degree of specialisation, time span, legal system and legal force), and conceptual variation, which implies anisomorphism among very similar concepts. Given that the examined terms are embedded in three legal systems, the study has also revealed different types (intra-systemic and inter-systemic equivalence) and degrees (absolute, relative and non-equivalence) of interlingual terminological equivalence. The collected terminological data has been recorded in a new legal-translationoriented terminological knowledge base (TKB) available online, i.e. MuLex. This aims at capturing the differences among the legal systems involved in the study and highlighting the peculiarities in the usage of legal terminology. To optimise the representation of the domain-specific knowledge implied by legal terminology, MuLex terminographic entries integrate a tool enabling the graphical representation of the relational structures among the concepts analysed and recorded in the TKB. The study may prove especially useful in the training of legal translators, since it emphasises the need to pay particular attention to concepts – and consequently terms – which are either rooted in different legal systems or expressed in different languages though related to a shared legal system. Moreover, MuLex constitutes a valuable tool for the self-learning of legal topics and a practical example of a data-visualisationoriented TKB.


This paper has two purposes. First, it defines a formal language, for specifying agent-based applications, that integrates linear temporal logic to the Z notation. This integration offers a languag...


Knowledge of accurate surface anatomy is essential for safe clinical practice. Different views and opinions for clinically important surface markings exist between clinicians. Pericardiocentesis is performed as an emergency procedure in conditions aggravating cardiac tamponade. The approach of pericardiocentesis should be held by the hands of an experienced operator because of the surrounding relations. Nowadays, the introduction of imaging-guided procedures, especially echo-guided procedures, has significantly improved the safety and feasibility of pericardiocentesis and has provided the possibility of choosing the best anatomical approach among the apical, subcostal and parasternal approaches. This case report also emphasizes the importance of instillation of agitated saline as a supplementary technique while performing echo-guided pericardiocentesis in order to reduce the likelihood of cardiac chamber perforations.


Merchant of Venice and Timon of Athens are both read, in this chapter, as questioning the place of friendship in political societies and states. Classically, friendship, or friendly relations at least, between citizens has been understood as a condition of political stability; but in the early modern era an idea of friendship as a transcendent tie, indifferent to politics, and in tension with it was developing. Republican thought also questions the relationship between friendship and commerce, with some critics seeing these as antithetical, others seeing them as bound up together. Both of these plays problematize the dilemmas of exchange, of contract, of bonds in the sense of agreement and promise, in relation both to intimate ties, and to the authority of sovereign institutions. Merchant of Venice considers these matters in particular in relation to a society fissured by religious antagonism—by anti-semitism; both plays consider them in relation to a society marked by clear sex and gender distinction and exclusion.


The commutation relations of the algebra of SU/sub 3/ are used to construct a simple graphical picture of the irreducible representations. The graphs are useful in the reduction of products of irreducible representations. A simple systematic method for the calculation of the generalized Clebsch-Gordan coefficients is also presented. (auth)


This article analyzes the process of formation of pedagogic education bachelors' readiness for interaction with the family of the pupil. Based on the results obtained during the experimental work, the author indicates the relevance of the problem of the future educators' readiness to cooperate with family. The author believes that readiness of the bachelor – teacher to the specified interaction, cooperation with the pupils, colleagues and others in the future professional activity is socially significant indicator of pedagogical competence and professionalism. Therefore, the problem of formation of readiness of bachelors-pedagogues to interact with the family becomes apparent.


This article conducts a meta-analysis of the effect of military expenditures on growth within a structured analytic framework. We extend the pioneering study of Aynur Alptekin and Paul Levine, by using a much larger sample of studies. Like them we confine our attention to studies that use the share of military expenditure in GDP, the military burden, as the independent variable, but unlike them we include not just those that use the military burden directly, what we call the core sample, but also those that use other functions of it, such as logarithms, differences, etc., which we call the remaining sample. We also consider an overall sample which pools all results. The t-statistic on the coefficient of military burden is used as the dependent variable. Our null hypothesis is that military expenditure has no significant effect on growth and we explain why this is plausible. The estimates are sensitive to the sample and type of data used, estimation method adopted, and the controls included. Overall, the results are consistent with the hypothesis of no effect: the average effect across all studies is close to zero. Certain study characteristics appear significant determinants of the effect of military expenditure on growth, but there does not appear to be a simple pattern and different characteristics were significant in the three samples. This might be a result of data mining to produce a significant result. However, there does not appear to be strong evidence of publication bias towards positive or negative results, perhaps because there is no strong a priori belief in the direction of the effect.


Medulloblastoma and Atoh1 The Atoh1 transcription factor is needed for normal brain development and is also implicated in some cancers of the brain. In order to study the latter function and avoid the perinatal lethality that follows early disruption of the Atoh1 gene, Flora et al. (p. 1424) knocked out the Atoh1 gene in mice after birth. A few days after the genetic knockout, cells at the surface of the cerebellum had begun to differentiate earlier than normal. Overexpression of Atoh1, on the other hand, led to excessive cell growth and even preneoplastic lesions at the surface of the cerebellum. Atoh1 was found to regulate expression of the Gli2 gene, and thereby Sonic Hedgehog signaling, which normally keeps cerebellar precursor cells undifferentiated. A transcription factor regulates signaling in the developing mouse cerebellum and also influences cancer formation. Granule neuron precursors (GNPs) are the most actively proliferating cells in the postnatal nervous system, and mutations in pathways that control the GNP cell cycle can result in medulloblastoma. The transcription factor Atoh1 has been suspected to contribute to GNP proliferation, but its role in normal and neoplastic postnatal cerebellar development remains unexplored. We show that Atoh1 regulates the signal transduction pathway of Sonic Hedgehog, an extracellular factor that is essential for GNP proliferation, and demonstrate that deletion of Atoh1 prevents cerebellar neoplasia in a mouse model of medulloblastoma. Our data shed light on the function of Atoh1 in postnatal cerebellar development and identify a new mechanism that can be targeted to regulate medulloblastoma formation.


1 Richard Hawkins, Silvain de Munck and Cecile Wetzels (all TNO-STB) are acknowledged for their valuable contribution to this report. Summary This report is about change in music industry. The Internet is leading to a redefinition of business models and a reconfiguration of relationships within as well as between sectors. The prospect of e-commerce and on-line delivery place the music industry in the vanguard of this change. The central players in this industry are the record companies, and their main product is recorded music. Presently, recorded music is distributed to consumers on physical media, mainly Compact Disks (CD). But digital recordings can now be distributed easily over the Internet. In comparison, for instance, to audiovisual productions, music requires relatively modest bandwidth capacity. However, on-line delivery of music can be seen as a potential forerunner of on-line distribution of other services with higher bandwidth demands. The music industry newsletter Music & Copyright recently stated: " Music may have had a high profile role and been the starting point for digital distribution, but a wide range of content is about to flow down ever-faster cables and across the airwaves to an ever-growing number of Wireles Aplication Protocol (WAP) devices " (" Proposed Vivendi-Seagram deal ... " Music & Copyright 2000). Even though the bulk of recorded music is still sold on CD, the prospect of on-line delivery of music is having a major effect on the strategies of music companies. A second important factor again has to do with the characteristics of recorded music (stored on disc or available on line). In terms of transactions the buying of a particular piece of recorded music in a bricks and mortar shop or on-line is a routine transaction where, the only differentiating element is the price. This in contrast to for instance the buying of a secondhand car in which negations about price and other conditions is always an important element. Routine transactions are more easily done in an electronic environment then transactions which demand a complex negotiation process. A third element concerns the consumption of music compared to other relative low bandwidth demanding content, like text services, through electronic devices. The experience of listening to music using the computer as an interface is a less drastic change for consumers then the reading of for instance a newspaper on a screen. Moreover computers increasingly are connected to the home stereo which reproduces the sound …


In part 1 of this study, we showed that the Plug-in method was effective as a new grafting method based on the results of grafting experiments with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). We also found that it was important to process the seedlings with high accuracy and to make them smooth based on the results of cutting experiments using apparatuses for shaping the scion and stock. Therefore, in this paper we describe new apparatuses for shaping the scion and stock that can make them more accurately and smoother than could the previous apparatuses, and report on its performance. [Keywords] grafting, processing of living plants, cutting resistance, ultrasonic machining, superspeed reaming, phytotechnology


Assessments were made of the physical properties of spray deposits from upwind and crosswind, single and multiple flight applications of oil-carrier spray applied by a small aircraft equipped for commercial weed spraying. Volume deposits were determined colorimetrically on petri dish collections of the dyed spray. Droplet assessment data were obtained from photographic enlargement of printflex sampling cards.Three peaks of spray deposit were found, resulting from the propeller blast and the wing-tip vortices. A greater percentage of spray was recovered at ground level, and more variation in volume deposit and droplet size occurred across the effective spray swath, in the upwind flight than in the crosswind flight application. Information obtained from these tests will be used in the construction of a spray booth, designed to apply simulated aerial sprays on a practical small-plot basis, for determining the causes of injury to grain crops resulting from aerial application of herbicide-oil mixtures.


Based on a joint development with SEABEAM Instruments of the U.S., we were the first in the world to develop a cross fan beam type high-resolution narrow beam sub-bottom profiler(SBP) that consisted of a transducer array fitted to a ship bottom. After completion, the resolving power was investigated by targeting a sunken ship, and as a result, the horizontal resolution was estimated to be approximately 3.5 degrees, while the vertical resolution was estimated to be about 2 m. Furthermore, comparison with the parametric high-resolution SBP revealed that the performance of the cross fan beam type SBP was by no means inferior.


Multilevel inverters are widely used in power generation because they offer high performance in the electricity quality, however they require a large number of switching devices and control circuitry. In this work a novel multilevel inverter structure is presented. The new topology reduces considerably the number of switching devices and voltage sources. The multilevel inverter operation was verified through simulation using the software MATLAB/Simulink®, the topology is compared with the cascaded multilevel inverter.


In this work the communicative phenomenon is understood as the germ of social action. This invites us to think of communication as expressive behavior through which the social, even the historical, is configured. Consequently, to think of communication in the social as social action demands to conceive and study the social reality as a reality in constant movement, that is, giving in the given. From the critique of the traditional concept of communication, through the epistemological legacy of Hugo Zemelman, this paper proposes a reflection on the role of communication in the shaping movement of social reality.


Abstract This article summarizes research related to pedagogical approaches to special education, and characteristics of teacher's attitudes and beliefs that supports effective inclusion practices....


Fault diagnosis plays a significant role in the printing quality for 3D printers. In this paper, an extreme learning machine based on level-based learning swarm optimizer (LLSO-ELM) is proposed to diagnose faults of delta 3D printers. Extreme learning machine (ELM) achieves better performance in learning speed than traditional gradient descent algorithms. However, the random inputs weights and hidden biases are influential factors for the accuracy and generalization performance of ELM. LLSO has competitive performance in solution quality and computational efficiency for large scale optimization problems, and it is used to obtain the optimum configuration of the weights and biases for ELM. The proposed model is tested by using the attitude data of a delta 3D printer under different operating modes. The experimental results verify that the proposed approach performs better in generalization and stability than ELM.


Sn-based alloy materials are strong candidates to replace graphitic carbon as the anode for the next generation lithium-ion batteries because of their much higher gravimetric and volumetric capacity. A series of nanosize SnyFe alloys derived from the chemical transformation of preformed Sn nanoparticles as templates have been synthesized and characterized. An optimized Sn5Fe/Sn2Fe anode with a core–shell structure delivered 541 mAh·g–1 after 200 cycles at the C/2 rate, retaining close to 100% of the initial capacity. Its volumetric capacity is double that of commercial graphitic carbon. It also has an excellent rate performance, delivering 94.8, 84.3, 72.1, and 58.2% of the 0.1 C capacity (679.8 mAh/g) at 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 C, respectively. The capacity is recovered upon lowering the rate. The exceptional cycling/rate capability and higher gravimetric/volumetric capacity make the SnyFe alloy a potential candidate as the anode in lithium-ion batteries. The understanding of SnyFe alloys from this work also provides insight for designing other Sn–M (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, etc.) system.


Due to lacking the function to eliminate the noise, in the data of railway track irregularities which are obtained by track inspection car, the evaluation of track quality will be influenced. In this paper, a method is proposed to locate and remove the noise and probability- density-method is given to describe the characters of vertical profile irregularity breadth and compare the effect before removing the noise with after removing it.


The purpose of this study was to determine the Muslim intellectual movement among the Ismaili Shiites and Safawy Dynasty. The research method used is the method of library research or library research. From the results of the study it can be seen that the formation of the Shia Ismailiyah group is more due to differences in the determination of the successor to Imam Ja'far Sadiq as. In 148 AH / 765 AD in the city of Kufa some Shi'ites separated themselves. This separation was closely related to the struggle against the Abbasid dynasty. The idea behind the struggle is the belief that a government based on justice can only be justified if it is carried out behind the leadership of Ismail bin Ja'far (Imam Ja'far Sadiq's eldest son. While the Safawy dynasty came from a tarekat movement that stood in Ardabila, a city in Azerbaijan, the Congregation was given the name Safawyyah Tarekat, which was taken from the name of its founder Safi Al-din (1252-1334 AD), and the name continued to be preserved until the tarekat became a political movement.In fact, the name continued to be preserved after this movement succeeded in establishing the Kingdom. According to Harun Nasution, in Persia a dynasty emerged which later became a large kingdom in the Islamic world, this dynasty originated from a Sufi Shaykh Ishak Safiuddin from Ardabila in Azerbaijan.


The training objectives of higher vocational education requires vocational colleges to build a highquality "theory and practice integrated" teaching team. In doing this,there still exist some problems such as the ambiguous understanding of the connotation of "theory and practice integrated" teaching team,taking the profes-sional training as a mere formality and the exercise of teachers' going to practice in enterprises being at the superficial stage. As the second group of model colleges,Wenzhou Vocational Technical college has taken measures in perfecting the rules and regulations,making plans in letting more professional teachers go to practice in enterprises,strengthening the practical teaching,introducing more skilled personnel of enterprises and so on.