Objective
To evaluate the effective and safe contact force(CF)at different power settings during radiofrequency(RF)ablation in porcine in vivo right atria(RA).

Methods
RF ablations were performed in the RA of 6 pigs using a CF sensing catheter with duration setting as 40 s and 17 mL/min flow rate.Bipolar voltage, catheter-tissue interface impedance, and lesion characteristics at necropsy were assessed.

Results
Forty RF applications were divided into 4 groups: (I)20 W/CF 10(7-12)g, n=11; (II)20 W/CF 20(15-22)g, n=7; (III)30 W/CF 9(7-11)g, n=11; (IV)30 W/CF 19(16-33)g, n=11.High temperature cutoffs occurred in 1 site of group III and 4 sites of group IV.At necropsy, 2 RF applications in group I and 3 applications in group III produced no identifiable lesions.The remaining 30 identifiable lesions were analysed and all of which were transmural(Median atrial wall thickness: group I: 2.5 mm; group II: 2.0 mm; group III: 3.0 mm; group IV: 2.5 mm). The local bipolar voltage was correlated to atrial wall thickness linearly(r=0.40, P 0.05). There was no difference in impedance drop or the maximal epicardial diameter of lesions between group I(12.4±11.0) Ω; (4.2±0.9) mm and group II(17.6±15.7)Ω; (4.1±0.9)mm.The impedance drop and maximal epicardial diameter produced in group III(20.7±13.3)Ω; (4.4±0.8)mm showed no difference to group IV(32.7±12.4)Ω; (5.3±0.8)mm.Both the reduction of impedance and the maximal epicardial diameter in group IV were significantly larger than that in group I and II(P<0.05). No impact of CF variability on RF ablation efficacy or safety was observed.

Conclusion
Thirty W with high CF(>15 g)produces the most effective lesions, while the incidence of high temperature cutoff was high.Low CF(≈10 g)is an important predictor of ineffective ablation.RF ablation setting as 20 W/20 g with 40 s duration may a reasonable parameter for predicting effective lesions.

Key words:
Radiofrequency ablation; Atrium; Contact force; Lesion


The quantization and saturation noise produced by A/D converter reduces the process gain and degrades the SNR of despread signal.An analytical expression equation is deduced to acquire the SNR of despread signal for estimation of the process-gain loss in despreading process of WCDMA system and for comparison with estimation of ADC output SNR.Numerical analysis indicates that this equation could easily calculate the optimum reference value of AGC,and the change of this reference value has slight influence on the SNR of despreader output,and it is found that the reference value based on the conventional analysis is sub-optimum.Simulation results prove its correctness.


SAMPLE PREPARATION Critical point drier valves I'm using an older critical point drier. It has these knurled steel knobs for opening/closing the valves. Controlling the valves kills your fingers since the rough metal is hard on your skin. Anyone modified it with plastic knobs or rubber covers or something to make it less of a literal pain to do a critical point drying run? <gvrdolja@nature. berkeley.edu> 10 May 2006 Two simple tricks to keep your skin more or less intact: I never adjust the coarse vent valve. Permanently leave it halfway open and control venting with the needle valve. When going through the fill-drain cycles — open the fill valve one-half turn or so and leave it there until you're finished. Then you just open the drain valve to let fluid out, and close it to let fluid in. This cuts the number of knob-turning operations down by half. On our unit, the fill valve is the hardest to operate so this trick is very helpful. I'd avoid pliers unless you absolutely can't get the knobs to turn. Pliers can strip the knurled texture and just make things harder in the future. And too much force can damage the valves. I do have one user that uses vise-grip pliers on the fill valve, but she is under stern warnings to pad the knob with cloth and not use force to close the valve. Rick <email@example.com> 11 May 2006 All this talk of forcing needle valves and pliers, etc. on critical point drier systems is scaring me. There used to be a homemade CPD in the Berkeley Microlab that sounds very similar to the unit currently being discussed. It was retired chiefly because of safety concerns. The pressures and explosive-release volumes on these systems are sufficient to cause serious injury in the event of a failed valve or fitting. Trust me — It's not worth it. If you find you are using hand tools to adjust needle valves on these systems, you do have a safety problem. Mike Young <email@example.com> 11 May 2006 The first question I would ask: Why are the knobs hard to turn? Generally it's a couple reasons. 1) If the threads are lubricated and the grease/oil and enough of the VOCs (even if they aren't very volatile) dissipate, the lubricant can turn to glue. Solution: Disassemble, clean (with WD-40, CRC or other solvating lubricants), and re-apply some lightweight grease (lithium or wheel bearing would be fine), or a touch of heavy oil. 2) If the threads/valve are damaged, you probably should replace the valve. These all are extremely simple devices. And as such, parts are relatively easy to repair/replace or fix. Assuming you have the patience to source the proper valves. The pressures on the CPDs the microscopy community utilizes are relatively insignificant to some of the devices folks in physics and engineering play with daily, not to mention, McMaster-Carr has a great selection of valves and what not that are rated well above the typical 1500-3000 psi burst limit (safety) on the CPDs. If the valve was always hard to turn that's one thing; if it is now, make it easy to turn. Try even spraying the threads with some WD-40 or Liquid Wrench and run a cycle or two and see if that helps anything. Geoff Williams <email@example.com> 11 May 2006


Field experiments were conducted during kharif (June-July), 2002, and late rabi (DecemberJanuary), 2003 on sandy loam soils of Coimbatore to manage the late emerging weeds in irrigated groundnut. In screening trial, herbicides, metolachlor and fluchloralin were tested at four different levels viz., 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 kg/ha. The experimental fields were dominated by Setaria verticillata in grasses, Cyperus rotundus in sedges and Trianthema portulacastrum in broad-leaved weeds. Higher levels of herbicide dose recorded more weed control efficiency , yield and yield attributes of gr oundnut irrespective of the herbicides without any adverse effect on the crop. Among the levels, 1.00 kg/ha produced similar results with that of 1.25 or 1.50 kg/ha. Sequential applications of metolachlor as pre emergence at sowing followed by one on 40 DAS preceded with earthing up reduced the weed density, dry matter accumulation and nutrient removal by weeds significantly and comparable with weed free check. Initial reduction on the load of Rhizobium gained its original strength at later stages of crop growth.


Using the advanced climate ocean-atmosphere coupled model described in the first paper of this series of studies,response analyses of inter-decadal variations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation by ocean-atmosphere elements were deliberated.For studying the relationship between the ocean elements of the North Atlantic and inter-decadal variations of Atlantic thermohaline circulation,subpolar sea-surface-density index(SSI) and North-Atlantic-Current Strength Index(NSI) were defined and analyzed.The results of analyses indicate that SSI changes 7 years earlier than Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(MOC) while NSI changing 4 years earlier than MOC.The strength of water overflows from Greenland-Scotland sea ridge(including Denmark Strait and Faro Strait),which is an important water resource of North Atlantic deep water,changes 3 years ahead MOC.The inter-decadal variations of Atlantic thermohaline circulation THC are influenced by North Atlantic atmosphere elements significantly.2 years before subpolar current and North Atlantic Current(NAC) reaching their full strength,High-latitude atmosphere is abnormal in the pattern of cyclonic circulation and middle-latitude atmosphere is abnormal in the pattern of anticyclonic circulation.Meanwhile,the sea surface heat flux in Atlantic subpolar sea area is negative anomaly.All of those abnormal conditions enhance the strength of subpolar current and NAC.More water with higher salinity intruding into Greenland-Icelandic-Norwegian Sea(GIN) brings higher sea surface density of GIN.This weakens the stability of water stratification and increases the probability of occurrence of deep convection.Meanwhile,the variation of atmosphere influences the deep water generating process in GIN by the curl of wind stress and sea surface heat flux.Then the strength of water overflows from Greenland-Scotland sea ridge is strengthened.


A beam monitoring detection technique based on silica fibers has been developed by AEC-LHEP. The light signal produced in a doped silica fiber crossing the beam is collected to measure the beam profile. Two types of detectors have been constructed and tested. The first one operates in vacuum and was tested at the 18 MeV medical proton cyclotron at the University Hospital in Bern. It is able to measure currents form a few pA to 20 µA. It can be employed to optimize the production of radioisotopes, in particular using solid targets. The second one operates in air and was tested with high-energy pion and proton beams at the CERF facility at CERN. This paper reports on both detectors with focus on the most recent results obtained with the second detector.


This article provides an overview of a creative and culturally aligned group intervention for adolescents of Mexican origin. Using qualitative methodology, the authors examined multiple adolescents' experiences of participation in the group. The youth indicated that they derived positive meaning overall from activities. Activities cited as most memorable or important included those that allowed peer collaboration in completing a task and those that facilitated discussions of contextually and culturally relevant topics. Implications according to practice and training are included.


In this paper, simulation and study the rooftop photovoltaic system on building roofs of the faculty of engineering Guilan university, Iran. It is now clear that conventional plants heavily contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, so they are not environmentally friendly. Renewable energy sources are an alternative solution. In this study, the design of a grid-connected photovoltaic system was simulated. PV panels and the number of inverters are the main elements of the PV power system. According to the regional weather data and university ceiling structure, shadow analysis, calculation concerning the total number of panels, number of strings, and number of panels per string, and their optimal angles are done. PVSYST software is used for the proposed photovoltaic system design


The utilization of natural resources and the environment to improve the community's welfare is an unavoidable choice. The environment used should still protect the environment. This study aims to provide an overview of the company's efforts to implement its obligation to preserve the environment using a different type of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program, which were community development and green marketing. The method used was a survey by taking the population at two different places, Jakarta and Pangkal Pinang. The sampling technique was done using a purposive method to obtain samples that meet the company's CSRreceiver's criteria. The number of the respondent from the first population is 44 respondents and from the second population is 100 respondents. Data analysis was done using simple and multiple linear regression. The results showed that CSR's implementation had a significant impact on education, health, and poverty reduction. CSR activity by the company was accepted by society activities directly in the form of counseling and mentoring. CSR activities conducted on marketing activities by implementing Green Marketing found that pricing and promoting an environmentally sound positive impact on consumers' willingness to buy back the product. In contrast, the product is not significantly influential.


We discuss how to efficiently make replicas of a multimedia object consistent. Multimedia objects are characterized in terms of not only data structure but also quality of service (QoS). There are two types of write operations: enriching and impoverishing types. Some data is added to a replica in an enriching type while removed in an impoverishing type. Computation resources are spent to materialize, i.e. physically update replicas of a multimedia object. We discuss an extended multimedia quorum-based (EMQB) protocol to reduce the processing overhead of each replica. Here, a replica is not materialized in an impoverishing type of write operation. Even in an enriching type of write operation, only some number, not necessarily all, of replicas in a write quorum are updated. Hence, a newest materialized replica may not be found in a read quorum. Replicas are randomly selected to be in a read quorum until an updated replica is found in the quorum. The EMQB protocol is evaluated in terms of the total processing overhead of replicas. We show that the processing overhead of each replica can be reduced in the EMQB protocol.


Through extensive application of DNA strand displacement technology in the field of molecular computing, we know that the DNA strand of the toehold domain and the branch migration domain are covalently connected to form logical gates in traditional DNA strand displacement circuits. In this paper, we will adopt a composite strand mechanism that the toehold domain and branch migration domain in different single strand form displacing complex, and construct logical gates with combinatorial strand displacement mechanism. After that, a logic gate model is constructed, and the mechanism is verified by the design and simulation of the logical molecular model of the encoder. When the DNA signal strand is input, the signal strand molecule can be output by combination of molecular specific hybridization reaction and intermolecular strand displacement reaction. The results of Visual DSD simulation show the feasibility and accuracy of the encoder logic calculation model designed in this article.


The theorem of mirror trajectories, proven almost six decades ago by Miele, states that for a given path in the restricted problem of three bodies (with primaries in mutual circular orbits) there exists a mirror trajectory (in two dimensions) and three mirror paths (in three dimensions). The theorem at hand regards feasible trajectories and proved extremely useful for investigating the spacecraft natural dynamics in the circular restricted problem of three bodies, by identifying special solutions, such as symmetric periodic orbits and free return paths. This theorem has recently been extended to optimal mirror trajectories, thus substantiating Miele's conjecture based on numerical evidence. Unlike the theorem of mirror paths, which refers to natural (unpowered) orbital motion, the theorem of optimal mirror trajectories establishes the existence, characteristics, and optimal control time history of the returning path, once the outgoing optimal trajectory has been determined. This theorem applies to (i) finite-thrust trajectories, for which a limiting value of the thrust acceleration exists, (ii) constant-thrust-acceleration paths, (iii) impulsive trajectories, and (iv) artificial periodic orbits (that use very low thrust propulsion or solar sails). This work illustrates the theorem of optimal mirror trajectories applied to two cases of practical interest: (a) continuous, low-thrust orbit transfer, and (b) continuous-thrust lunar descent (with soft touchdown) and ascent (with final orbit injection). In both cases, the theorem allows the immediate and straightforward identification of the optimal control law of the returning path, once the outgoing optimal trajectory has been determined.


The article is about the sequencing optimization of products with high diversity in a production line to ensure a saving of time. The optimal sequencing aims at realizing products according to an order which assures a minimal change of tools. So and by exploiting the Group Technology methods. The similar products pass successively in the production. An industrial case is presented in a context where the supplier has to provide without delay to the customer a wide diversity of products. The study gives solutions of optimal sequencing; this depends on the level of knowledge or the type of used data (Number of common parts, tool changing time, and root product). For it and by using methods stemming from the graph theory, we shall propose measures of resemblance which will serve to find the Hamiltonian cycle of optimal length bound to a complete graph, in three cases. The optimal sequencing is presented by the optimal Hamiltonian cycle. Additional constraints on the priority and/or the urgency of products will be studied to reflect the industrial reality. Solutions adapted for each constraint will be given by modifying the optimal Hamiltonian obtained.


The invention discloses an inorganic nanocomposite material for 3D (three-dimensional) printing. The inorganic nanocomposite material contains the ingredients in percentage by weight: 75-85% of ceramic precursor powder, 5-10% of nanopowder reinforcing material, 2-5% of surfactant, 2-5% of organic solvent, 1-4% of inorganic binder and 5-10% of low-temperature curing agent, wherein the particle size of the nanopowder reinforcing material is 20-200nm. The surfactant is adopted to carry out disaggregation on nanopowder, so that the nanopowder has excellent dispersity; by adding the nanopowder into the ceramic precursor powder, the density and strength of ceramics can be improved, and the toughness of products is further improved; inorganic mixed powder, the inorganic binder and the low-temperature curing agent cooperate with one another, so that rapid binding can be achieved at low temperature; as a shaping raw material of 3D-printing rapid shaping machines, the inorganic nanocomposite material can be rapidly shaped effectively on 3D printers and can be applied to a variety of 3D printers of different models.


A new dynamic RAM cell combined with the Hi–C structure is proposed and its effectiveness is confirmed. The feature of the new cell is to isolate each cell capacitor by the p+-region of the Hi–C structure, instead of the thick SiO2 layer. As the result, the new cell reduces the loss in the storage capacitance by the lateral oxidation, in spite of the conventional LOCOS process. The storage capacitance of the new cell is 13% larger than that of the conventional one. The threshold voltage of the parasitic transistor for isolating adjacent cells was 2.1 V. The breakdown voltage of the new cell was 12 V, which was determined by the p-n junction of the Hi–C structure. The leakage current of the new cell was the same as that of the conventional one.


In order to remain viable and relevant in the global era, colleges must address the challenges of finding an effective operating system with a new style of leadership (Dennison, 1995). The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the feasibility of the concept of the learning organization within the college system. Specifically it asked: Is the concept of a learning organization a viable framework for leadership within the college system? -- The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with four senior college administrators in order to obtain their views on the purpose of the study. They were selected on the basis of their experience in college administration and thus are seen as experts. The study analyzed the feasibility of the five individual learning or leadership disciplines - Personal Mastery, Mental Models, Building Shared Vision, Team Learning, and Systems Thinking - that together define a learning organization (Senge, 1990). -- The data collection instruments consisted of several field research forms and tape-recorded interviews with individual administrators. The primary research tools used in the study were the Interview Protocols. -- Data analysis revealed that three out of four administrators interviewed believe the concept of the learning organization is feasible and can provide a viable framework for leadership within the college system. Only one administrator felt strongly that the public nature of the college system limited the feasibility of the concept, even though it was seen as desirable. All administrators felt that obstacles such as lack of autonomy, lack of organizational stability, inflexible attitudes, and lack of balance with respect to the roles and responsibilities of the individual versus the college have inhibited organizational learning. -- Principal implications of the study include the need for professional development as well as accountability and feedback mechanisms. Findings are expected to contribute to the body of existing research on learning organizations in general, within community colleges in particular, and on leadership for colleges as learning organizations. Conclusions may be particularly useful in government, board of governors, and administrative planning, design, and implementation of an organizational structure and leadership approach required for the development of a responsive and relevant college. In responding to this challenge, colleges have a chance to re-establish themselves as flexible, responsive organizations (Dennison, 1995).


CENTER is a software system based on the UNIX® operating system used to optimize integrated circuit designs and semiconductor device technologies. Its novel architecture and interface mechanisms allow rapid linking to both arbitrary simulators that define a particular design problem and to existing optimization software. This significantly reduces the time and effort required to solve individual design optimization problems. The architecture allows easy integration of sampling, approximation, and statistical design modules, and enables high-level tasks to be developed using the low-level modules as building blocks. In this article, we detail the functionality and architecture of CENTER and give examples of its use for design optimization.


The paper presents an researchon the development of RF based type of antenna. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the two antenna architecture.The ground plane is taken as dimension 100.5×100.5×1.5. .On the other hand metal plate have dimension 16.71×1.5×110.52 mm. The main goal of the article is a comparison of directivity and bandwidth of the proposed antennas. In our analysis, the method of moments (MoM) is used to compute the currentdistribution and directivity of the yagi antenna. Microstrip technology is used for planar collinearmonopole antenna and simulation with ground plane has been performed using Ansoft HFSS 3Dsimulator. Prototypes have been realized and measured.


Throughout colonial times the Catholic Church had been a relatively weak institution in Chile. In part this was because there were neither the promising opportunities to accumulate vast wealth and hold prestigious offices that always attracted the more human and worldly churchmen nor the large, docile Indian masses that excited the missionary zeal of the more heroic and spiritually-motivated clergy. Certain Chilean writers, moreover, proudly claim that owing to the prevalence of Basque settlers their land remained free from the religious fanaticism said to have afflicted areas where the population was over whelmingly of southern Spanish origins. Be that as it may, Church leaders at the inception of the nineteenth century chronically complained of the lack of vocations, of the mounting abstention of the faithful from Sunday mass, and of the generally-prevailing spirit of religious indifference.1 The position of the Church declined still further during the struggle for independence (1810-1818) when bishoprics became vacant and when the clergy split between supporters of the Spanish royalist and of the patriot causes. Moreover, in the years between 1818 and 1830, a large group of liberally-inspired priests, many of them under the influence of Deism and other Enlightenment concepts, joined with a number of civilian idealogues in asserting that the Church should be stripped of its wealth and forced to refrain altogether from exercising po litical influence. In 1845 Rafael Valentin Valdivieso y Zanartu became Arch bishop of Santiago and, closing his eyes to all practical diffi culties and historical precedents, sought to win for the Church a uniquely privileged and vastly powerful position. In effect,


Abstract:-In the automotive industry, a fuel economy of vehicle according to emission regulation is an important issue. Development of weight saving technology is a way to achieve a low fuel consumption automobile. In particular, the hollow parts for transmission components such as a drive shaft has been attracting attention because of large effect on improvement of fuel efficiency. The required shapes of hollow shaft for stiffness are small diameter and thick wall at end, and large diameter and thin wall at midportion. Conventional manufacturing process has some problems such as many step process and highly cost. Thus, in this study, uniaxial die forming process of thick walled pipe by press forming was proposed. The purposes of this process are to form a thick walled pipe with reducing diameter and increasing wall thickness. Advantages of this process are the process that needs few manufacturing steps and satisfies a mass production. And the disadvantage is difficult to control the wall thickness. Also, a computer simulation of plastic forming for the purpose of cost reduction and speedy development has been expanding. In this study, finite element method analysis was operated to clarify the mechanism for the wall thickness increasing. The effect of back pressure on wall thickness increasing ratio in uniaxial die forming process was investigated by FEM analysis in this paper. Outer diameter, wall thickness and length of steel pipe were 39 mm, 7.6 mm and 160 mm, respectively. Taper angle of die and target diameter were 20 degree and 34.5 mm, respectively. Wall thickness increasing ratio with back pressure was 8.3 %. The ratio without back pressure was 4.7 %. It was possible to increase the pipe wall thickness by back pressure comparing to without back pressure. It was suggested that the wall thickness increasing was effected by the strain distribution and longitudinal direction stress.


Pressure ulcers are a universal problem. Much attention has been given to them in the United Kingdom in recent years. They are seen as a key indicator of the quality of care. Their prevention has become politically, as well as clinically, important.


Examines the changing nature of the production manager's job. To assess the current position, a survey was conducted on a sample of 600 production/operations managers in Australia. The results of the study indicate that there have been significant improvements in the production manager's job. The study found that Australian production managers are well qualified, highly


The utility model relates to an inner opening handle of automobile door having an inner opening handle body (1), an upper left side is equipped with a handle base (2), the lower side is equipped with a pull handle (3), a locking push button (4) is arranged on the pull handle (3), characterized in that, the rear side of the locking push button (4) is equipped with an elastomer (5), the upper end of the elastomer (5) is butted against the inside of the locking push button (4), the lower end of the elastomer (5) is connected on the inner opening handle body (1). The utility model solves problems that the traditional structure, wherein, dialing the locking push button reaches the unlocked function and pushing the locking push button is to reaches the locking function, is easy to damage, and the service life is short, so that the inner opening handle of the automobile door can push the front part of the locking push button to unlock and push the rear part of the locking push button to lock, the new structure is not easy to damage, the service life is long, and person can be comfortable when using the inner opening handle of automobile door.


The paper discusses the elements of the quest romance in Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726), Mark Twain


The repeated use of local steroid injections in the treatment of tenosynovitis in the active athlete is to be abandoned, not only because it masks the symptoms of tenosynovitis, giving the patient a false sense of security, but also because local injection of steroid decreases the tensile strength of tendon and predisposes it to complete rupture.


CASE 1 u Sally J is a 72-year-old caucasian woman who comes to your clinic after being diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (af). The patient has a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes; she also has a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (cKD), with a baseline creatinine clearance of approximately 40 ml/min. ms. J tells you she knows people who take warfarin and really dislike it. She asks for your opinion of the new anticoagulants she's seen advertised on TV, and wonders whether one of them would be right for her.


A prospective investigation has been carried out in thirteen patients with bacteriologically proven sub-acute bacterial endocarditis (SBE). This has shown that antibodies to candida, both precipitins and agglutinins, are common in SBE in patients who have no other evidence of candida infection. Autoantibodies are also found in the majority of patients. There was a high incidence of rheumatoid factor, as previously described, and also other autoantibodies. These included non-tissue specific antibodies, such as anti-nuclear factors and smooth muscle antibody, and also tissue specific antibodies directed at thyroid, skeletal muscle or gastric parietal cells. Bacteriological cure was associated with a reduction in titre of both types of antibody, suggesting that they reflect non-specific stimulation of humoral immunity by the disease activity. The immunological abnormalities may be the product of tissue damage by the disease, but there is some evidence that they may also contribute to the clinical manifestations of SBE, as they are associated with more severe and persistent disease.


A 2-year-old male moose (Alces alces) attempted to winter 500 km north of the tree line, outside of moose range, and died as a result. The dead moose was found in May near the Kazan River at 63°53′N, 95°36′W, Northwest Territories. Analysis of the marrow from the right legs yielded lipid values ranging from 1.12–16.9%. Sedges (Carex sp.) and willow (Salix sp.) were the only components of the rumen contents. Comparison of weather data and the use of wind chill factors and basal metabolic rate demonstrate the physiological improbability of a moose surviving the winter on the open tundra.


This paper presents the detailed discussions on machining of Aluminium silicon carbide (10% by weight of particles) and boron carbide (5% by weight of particles) Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (Al/SiC/B4C – MMC).SiC and a B4C particle range from 40μm to 80 μm. The cylindrical rods of diameter 65 mm and length 200 mm are fabricated and subsequently machined using medium duty lathe of 2 kW spindle power to study the machinability issues of Hybrid MMC using Poly Crystalline Diamond (PCD) insert of 1600 grade. The optimum machining parameters have been identified by Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). Confirmation test is also conducted to validate the test result. Experimental results have shown that machining performance can be improved effectively through this approach. Results show at higher cutting speeds, good surface finish is obtained with faster tool wear. It is concluded that, tool wear and cutting force are directly proportional to the cutting speed, where as surface roughness is inversely proportional to the cutting speed.


Please cite this paper as: Hakvoort R, Thijs S, Bouwmeester F, Broekman A, Ruhe I, Vernooij M, Burger M, Emanuel M, Roovers J. Comparing clean intermittent catheterisation and transurethral indwelling catheterisation for incomplete voiding after vaginal prolapse surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. BJOG 2011;118:1055–1060.


This paper tests the frequently cited hypothesis that money is more productive in a developing economy relative to a developed economy. Output elasticity of money is estimated for 20 countries over the 1977-92 sample period. These countries represent various stages of economic development. Two important conclusions can be derived from the results. First, irrespective of the monetary aggregate employed, the output elasticity of money is extremely low for all 20 countries. Second, the elasticity figure is sensitive neither to the stage of economic development in a particular country nor the period of time under consideration. Consequently, it can be argued that money does not play a more productive role in a developing economy relative to a developed economy.


Skin lipid stuck to the underwear worn by 37 pupils of a junior high school and 13 students of a women's college for 24 hr under the ordinary living condition was extracted with benzene, and determined by the monomolecular surface lens method presented by T. Tachibana and his coworkers. The results are shown by mg stearic acid equivalent to skin lipid per 100 cm2 of the cloth. The results are outlined as follows: 1. The distribution of the amount of skin lipid stuck to the underwear worn by 13-14-year-old


[1] During winter the Kuroshio tends to cross Luzon Strait, penetrating the northeastern South China Sea where it forms energetic mesoscale structures. Luzon Strait is also a site where westward-propagating large-amplitude internal waves are generated. We describe observations of these waves acquired in the deep basin of the South China Sea during the winter of 2010−2011, with the goal of assessing the influence of mesoscale variability on their properties. Combining tidal current simulations with an internal wave generation and evolution model, we obtain time series of deviations between our observations and the model simulations. These deviations are analyzed in terms of mesoscale variability based on the data-assimilated HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations. We find that simplified models of nonlinear internal wave response to changes in horizontal stratification gradients and vertical shear provide at best weak simulations of amplitude modulation. In contrast to these results, deviations of internal wave arrival time, occurring up to 2 h early during Kuroshio inflows, are quite well simulated when derived from integration of the first internal mode phase speed along two-dimensional ray-traced paths using HYCOM simulations of velocity and density fields together with bathymetry. Refraction of the internal waves by Kuroshio intrusions can lead to substantial distortion of the paths, sufficient to provide a potential explanation for the apparent suppression of waves during previous winter measurements. Our results suggest that the internal wave field can be a sensitive indicator of mesoscale variability in Luzon Strait and the northeastern South China Sea.


Cardioprotection is a broad term, which more specifically relates to the attenuation of reversible (arrhythmias, contractile dysfunction) and irreversible (infarction, remodelling) injury from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion; most specifically, cardioprotection is the prevention or reduction of myocardial infarction by ischemic conditioning maneuver or pharmacological mimetics of conditioning. The classical paradigm of cardioprotection is ischemic preconditioning, in which one or more brief cycles of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion preceding a more sustained period of ischemia reduce(s) infarct size. Acute ischemic preconditioning relies on the formation and release of small trigger molecules (autacoids, neurohormones, cytokines) and the activation of an intracellular signal transduction cascade (mostly protein kinases) which ultimately converges on the mitochondria to preserve their function (respiration, calcium retention) and structural integrity. The protection by acute ischemic preconditioning wanes off when the interval between the preconditioning cycles of ischemia/reperfusion and the more sustained ischemia exceeds 2 h. However, a second window of delayed protection reappears 24–72 h after the brief cycles of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion which relies on the increased expression of new proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, manganese superoxide dismutase, aldose dehydrogenase) and is again characterized by reduced infarct size. Other delayed forms of cardioprotection relate to the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-a several hours after coronary microembolization or to a program of gene expression in response to several cycles of prolonged coronary hypoperfusion which differs from that of the typical second window ischemic preconditioning. A similar protocol of several cycles of brief myocardial ischemia/reperfusion immediately following rather than preceding a sustained period of ischemia also reduces infarct size, that is, there is cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning. The


The Great Salt Lake Basins study area of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, which began in 1997, is increasing the scientific understanding of factors that affect surface-water quality within the study-area boundaries (fig. 1). One way to improve the understanding of these factors is to look at historical trends in existing water-quality data. Unfortunately, short record lengths, inconsistent analytical methods, numerous measurements at less than detection levels, and questionable accuracy limit the usefulness of historical monitoring data for most trace inorganic and organic contaminants found in streams, rivers, and lakes in the study area.


In order to identify risk factors in the process of the railway dangerous goods transport, decrease the risk index, based on the work flow of rail dangerous goods transport, this paper made a deviation analysis according to the three working links of railway dangerous goods transport (sending work, work on the way, arriving work ) by using hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), determined the reasons of the deviation, the consequences and the corresponding measures, at the same time, made an idea to determine the degree of deviation quantitatively. Finally, took yellow phosphorus as an example, analyzed risk factors in the process of transport comprehensively and systematically, provided reference and recommendations for safety management of railway dangerous goods transport.


Aims:  The present study was conducted by screening soil bacteria in an attempt to isolate a bacterium that produced extracellular alkaline protease, and for purification and characterization of the protease.


Due to its decentralized, tamper proof and traceable characteristics, blockchain has become a research hotspot in academia, and has been applied in government affairs, finance, supply chain, high elastic power grid and other fields. Blockchain technology realizes the safe storage of information and effectively reduces the trust cost of application systems. At the same time, blockchain also has problems such as poor performance and low efficiency, which affect the popularity of applications. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a cache optimization method for alliance chain based on the cache of signature information. The experimental results show that after optimization, the transaction delay is significantly shortened, and with the increase in the number of transactions, a relatively stable state can be maintained; The transaction throughput has been increased obviously to improving the performance of the blockchain system.


Equids can be infected by Neospora spp., and its infection is associated with neurological and reproductive disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in horses, donkeys and mules worldwide between 2012 and 2022. Five scientific databases were consulted: MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LILACS and SciELO, using the descriptors "protozoan" or "neospora" AND "horses" or "donkeys" or "mules". A total of 1909 studies were screened, and 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of Neospora spp. infection in equids, based on a total of 11,076, was 8.34% (95% CI: 4.78–14.17%). Further analysis by species revealed no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Neospora spp. infection across equids: 8.5% (95% CI 5.03–13.99%) in horses, 7.36% (CI 2.08–22.94%) in donkeys and 6.07% (95% CI 0.71–36.83%) in mules. Regarding diagnostic tests, the prevalence of Neospora spp. infection determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was 8.08% (95% CI: 3.74–16.61%), by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 7.91% (95% CI: 3.71–16.08%), and by the modified agglutination test (MAT) was 20% (95% CI: 15.37–25.60%). This meta-analysis provided valuable and comprehensive insights into the prevalence of Neospora spp. infection in horses, donkeys, and mules using serological detection methods. The results highlight the wide distribution of Neospora spp. infection in equids across all continents, indicating the importance of this infection. Transmission of the parasite can occur both horizontally (directly between animals) and vertically (from mother to offspring), further emphasizing the significance of understanding and managing this infection in equid populations.


According to Buss and Schmitt's (1993) sexual strategies theory, mating strategies depend upon one's sex and whether they desire a short-term or long-term relationship. Men typically expend less reproductive effort than women and need only to ensure that they locate fertile mates, regardless of relationship type. Women tend to expend relatively more effort and seek long-term partners who are willing to provide resources, or they may choose mates with high genetic quality for a short-term relationship. Thus, the traits that men and women exhibit to prospective mates should be sex-specific. Our goal was to determine whether the photographs that accompany online personal advertisements reflect an awareness of sex-specific mating strategies, such that the sexes advertise distinct traits to potential mates. After conducting a pilot study, we collected 300 photographs from the online dating service "Lavalife" and examined them with respect to relationship type. We found women consistently advertise their reproductive fitness regardless of sought relationship type, directly supporting sexual strategies theory. However, men's photographs only provide indirect support for this theory, and there was minimal difference in men's portrayal of characteristics across relationship type.


We developed a novel stress reduction structure (SRS) for a capacitive SOI 3-axis accelerometer for the advanced motion control of automobiles and robots. To improve the stability of the sensor output against temperature change, an FEM thermal stress analysis was carried out on a model with a sensor chip, a circuit board, and a package. The FEM results showed that the thermal stress caused by the different coefficients of thermal expansion bent the sensor chip and produced a change in the z-electrode gap. The zero output drift especially in the Z-axis direction by sensor chip bending should be minimized. The SRS was composed of grooves in both the lower and upper Si layers around the detection part of the sensor. Two types of low-stiffness suspensions for stress reduction and for wiring were formed in either the upper or the lower Si layer to connect both sides of the grooves. The experimental results showed that the ratio of zero output drift decreased by a factor of 8.9 by using the proposed SRS.


The permanganate index is a relative conditionality target,its determination conditions related to solution acidity,permanganate concentration,heating temperature,time and so on.Therefore,the concerned requirements must be strictly observed in the determination so that the results have the comparability.


This paper aims to express the value of recreational use of the State Park Mãe Bonifácia (PEMB), using the methods of Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Method. The study was conducted in the urban area of Cuiabá, with data collected through questionnaires in random interviews with users of the park.


Research has determined that family visiting for children in long-term foster care can be beneficial for children; however, there is a demonstrated gap between research and practice. This article reviews the existing literature to demonstrate the diverse, positive possibilities for children and develops a theoretical basis for a framework for family visiting for these children. Suggestions for successful family visiting and coping with reactions to visiting are discussed, as are common obstacles and methods for overcoming them.


Bacterial genome sequencing is an evolving technology that will soon be applied to routine medical microbiology. In our recent publication, we noted the lack of user-friendly tools for genome analysis ([1][1]). We thank M. V. Larsen from the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology (Denmark) for [alerting us


The characteristics of domains have been observed experimentally through the current‐voltage characteristics and by using capacitive probes. Avalanching within the domain has been observed and studied. These studies have involved the use of a capacitive probe and photomultipliers to study the recombination radiation seen after avalanche has occurred. This radiation has been spatially resolved showing that avalanche does occur within the domain and not in the bulk. The characteristics of hole trapping in bulk material after avalanche have been studied. The agreement between theoretical results in the accompanying paper and experimental avalanche studies mainly on bulk material has been good.


In-vivo sensing, diagnosis and treatment of diseases is having a great attention lately. With advanced computational systems, the processing of the biological data as well as the prediction of diagnosis is becoming more promising. However, the implementation of these systems inside the human body has a major challenge; modeling the communication channel. To overcome this problem, researchers are investigating the main factors that define the characteristics of the communication channel between nano-devices. In this work, we summarize the elements that contribute to the path loss encountered by an EM wave traveling in water, skin or epidermis. Then, the impact of nano-antenna directivity on the EM propagating wave is studied along with the frequency and the communication distance. The simulation results show that the nano-antenna directivity seems to have minor contributions 5 to 7 dB on the total path loss inside the human body with respect to the distance 2 to 30 dB and frequency 10 to 15 dB.


The District of Moyudan, Sleman Yogyakarta has a relatively high unemployment rate with the job seekers of 6.109 male and 5.293 female. Most of them (especially female) desiredly want to work at overseas as Indonesian Overseas Workers, or Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI). The problem is, they must not merely have job-skill, but also have to be able to use the target language in the job target country, at least English as a means of communication with their new environment. In facts, several research showed that they are not able to communicate in English well. Meanwhile, English is a key instrument to communicate especially with their employers. Based on this fact, this program of Ipteks bagi Masyarakat (IbM) aimed at conducting English training especially for community of the migrant workers candidates. The training program was held by using Functional English Learning Model (Materi Ajar Bahasa Inggris Fungsional /MABIF). The training was conducted for 24 meetings and followed by 40 participants. They consisted of 20 undergraduates degree, 17 higher level students, and 3 person were the graduates of Senior Highschools. This program resulted: (1) MABIF with level of significance of  = 0.04; (2) Article of Publication in a Daily Regional Newspaper (Kedaulatan Rakyat) and a Journal (Socio-Humaniora); (3) Training Certificate showed Functional English Mastery; and (4) the Existence/the establishment of Association of Moyudan's Overseas Worker Candidates (Paguyuban Calon Pekerja Migran di Moyudan) to keep the project sustainability. Kata kunci: Functional English, Migrant, MABIF


Have been proposed the new control framework for converters of renewable energy sources (RES-C), based on choosing their operation mode – grid-forming or grid-following in depends on the dynamic stiffness (DS) of the power system for some bus i (control point), where we can observe arbitrary disturbance. In the proposed RES-C control framework, in cases of small values of DS around bus i, used the grid-forming control mode of RES-C, and in cases of large values of DS around bus i, used the grid-following control mode of RES-C. Operation mode of RES-C can be changing in depends on measured DS values for bus i of a power system. References 4, figures 2.


Safety and reliability are essential in commercial air transport. Therefore, safety assessment is an inherent part of the aircraft systems development process. Operational reliability has to be considered for economic reasons. Most of the state-of-the-art methods for safety and reliability analysis employ a binary representation of the system. One of these is fault tree analysis (FTA), a manual method that is still common today. Conducting safety or reliability analysis by means of FTA involves considerable effort. In addition, because of the binary, non-physical approach, such analysis tools remain uncoupled to other engineering tools. Nowadays, a multi-domain object-oriented approach has become the state-of-the-art in physical modelling and simulation. Such an approach enables an intuitive method of modelling, in which the objects, their boundaries and interconnections correspond to real existing components. This thesis contributes to the field of model-based methods for system safety and reliability analysis. Here, the most important innovation is that the proposed methods suit multi-domain object-oriented modelling based on differential-algebraic equations. Search techniques and algorithms founded on graph theory were devised in order to minimise the computing effort for conducting an analysis. The proposed methods enable establishing multi-disciplinary engineering tools for the conceptual design of fault-tolerant systems. The aim is improvement of system development and safety assessment processes.


This paper draws on a research study into the existence and use of different forms of capital – including social, cultural and physical capital – in three independent schools in Scotland. We were interested in understanding how these forms of capital work to produce and reproduce advantage and privilege. Analysis is framed by a multiple capitals approach drawing on and developing the work of Putnam and especially Bourdieu. We suggest that sport plays a role with important effects for strong bonding and for the production of symbolic capital in the form of branding by each school.


A new rational closure approximation for the Doi model of liquid-crystalline polymers (LCPs) is presented and compared with unapproximated results. The closure is based upon proposing a parametric form for the orientation distribution function, the Bingham distribution, which is appropriate for the spherical geometry of the configuration space. The closure enjoys the advantage over ad hoc moment closures of always yielding physical answers; moreover, it is designed to give the exact solution behavior in a number of limits. Its behavior for steady two-dimensional flows reveals a range of applicability that extends significantly beyond the intended limits. The main deficiency, a failure to predict a flow-aligning transition in simple shear, is shown to be due to the inability to predict skewing of the orientation distribution. Comparisons are also made for a center-gated disk geometry, addressing the performance in three-dimensional unsteady flow typically seen in processing of LCPs. The Bingham closure sho...


ABSTRACT This article presents the findings of a mixed-methods study of a racial equity and cultural competency training and case consultation model for child welfare practitioners. Findings suggest that the model enhanced participants' capacity for effective practice with diverse populations. A pretest/posttest instrument and evaluation revealed statistically significant increases of participants' awareness, knowledge, and skills related to culturally diverse populations. In addition, qualitative interview participants described the model as being highly influential and provided evidence of the development of the key skills for culturally effective practice.


The current educational theoretical and practical discourse intensively highlights the issue of the relationship between the mentor and mentee, in other words, the style of mentoring. The issue of influence of mentoring style to the development of mentees' pedagogical and didactic competencies is still not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of the study is to explore mentoring styles and examine their contribution to the development of pedagogical didactic competencies of mentees. Reflective reports of student teachers (N=10) who had their internship practice in secondary schools, were analyzed using content (deductive) analysis method. The findings suggest that emerging mentoring style depends on the age and the previous pedagogical experience of mentee's: young and having no pedagogical practice mentees tend to follow the traditional-hierarchical mentoring relationship, while older and with some pedagogical experience mentees prefer to practice reciprocal relationship with their mentors. Anyway, in both highlighted cases, the emphasis of mentors is placed on the development of didactical competencies rather than pedagogical. The prevailing mentor – mentee relationship in secondary education and implications for the professional identity of student teachers are discussed as well.


"What is this" and "where am I" are two of the most common questions that arise when people travel abroad. Recently, landmark image retrieval has shown great promise for the addressed problem, where most common approaches are either visual-based or location-based. However, for city-view image retrieval, there could be a number of buildings in a close proximity. Moreover, it is common that photos are taken indoors. The former may degrade the performance of location-based approaches, while the latter may degrade the performance of both the visual-based and location-based approaches. To remedy the deficiencies, this paper further considers the use of check-in data of photos and presents a simple approach that unifies visual features, geo-tags, and check-in data for city-view image retrieval. Furthermore, sparse coding is applied for a high-performance and memory-efficient retrieval implementation, where a graph-based dictionary learning approach is proposed. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.


This book tries to merge two streams of analysis: diffusion research, a relatively recent interdisciplinary field, and the long established disciplines of transportation planning and the economic history of transport systems. After World War II, diffusion research emerged simultaneously from a number of disciplines, including sociology, geography, and the economics of technological change. For over a hundred years economic historians have provided many detailed, but often fragmented studies of the development and socio-economic impacts of individual transport systems.

At a conference held at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in 1989 on Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior it became clear that while many valuable theories and models have been developed, a unifying theoretical framework has not yet emerged in diffusion research. This is related to the fact that research has almost exclusively concentrated on a micro-level analysis of technological or social/cultural change. This book makes a contribution toward bridging the different fields of diffusion research. First, by providing an overview of the different theoretical streams within the discipline, and secondly by studying diffusion phenomena for technological change at the sectoral level up to the macro-level diffusion of pervasive transport systems. The economic history of transportation has provided many prominent examples of the fruitfulness of blending macro theory with a strong empirical basis at the sectoral level.

It was not the objective of this work to develop a new comprehensive theory of infrastructure development. Instead, the study aimed at combining the methodological apparatus developed within diffusion research with the empirical research tradition of the economic history of transportation. Its objective was to provide a synthetic description, covering all successive transport modes both individually in their historical evolution, and in their integration into a holistic view of the whole transport sector. The analysis is international and spans about 200 years, i.e., the developments in a number of countries are studied to highlight similarities and differences in development patterns. With such objectives, this work is both a risky and a necessarily limited effort, but it has been undertaken in the hope of providing some new perspectives for people working in, or interested in both fields.


The current information technology trend is toward the distribution of data among numbers of autonomous and heterogeneous repositories. Object Query Service is specified by OMG to provide uniform interfaces for users to retrieve information based on predicate based query, despite data heterogeneity. We propose a sophisticated architecture for querying federated information for the CORBA paradigm based on the Object Query Service framework. The dissimilarity between our system and other implementations of Query Service, which focus on query processing and system performance is that we concentrate on the requirements, behaviors, scalability as well as the extensibility of the federated query system from different participants' points of view. We design a prototype called "Octopus" to demonstrate the feasibility of our architecture. We also share the experiences learned while designing the federated query service.


Background: For Interleukin 28b Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8099917, the favourable T allele is associated with a higher SVR after PEG-IFN alpha/RBV therapy while the G allele is a risk factor for non-response. Aim of Study: To assess the value of Interleukin 28b (SNP) rs8099917 as a predictor of SVR. Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective controlled study and was performed on a total number of 240 patients who were treated by PEG-IFN alpha/RBV for 48 weeks and (SNP) rs8099917 was done for the all patients. Results: TT genotype was more prevalent in SVR group than TG and GG genotypes. Conclusion: IL-28b single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8099917 is a strong pretreatment predictor of response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in egyptian patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 4.


Background Iontophoresis is a method of transdermal administration of ionizable drugs in which the electrically charged components are propelled through the skin by an external electric field. This study was designed to determine whether iontophoresis could be used to deliver clinically significant doses of fentanyl in humans and whether there is a charge‐dose relation in the delivery of fentanyl by iontophoresis. Methods Five adult volunteers were tested three times on separate days, once receiving passive treatment of 0.0 mA for 2 h (0 mA *symbol* min), iontophoresis 1.0 mA for 2 h (120 mA *symbol* min), and iontophoresis 2.0 mA for 2 h (240 mA *symbol* min) in an open, randomized, crossover design. Respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation were monitored throughout the study. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured several times before, during, and after iontophoresis. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results No fentanyl was detected after passive (0.0‐mA) fentanyl delivery. The following results were obtained for the 1.0 and 2.0‐mA deliveries, respectively. Mean times to detectable concentrations of plasma fentanyl were 33 and 19 min; mean times to maximum concentration were 122 and 199 min; maximum concentrations were 0.76 and 1.59 ng/ml (P = 0.010); mean areas under the curve of the plasma fentanyl concentration versus time relation were 233 and 474 ng *symbol* ml sup ‐ 1 *symbol* min (P = 0.003); and mean elimination half‐lives were 354 and 413 min (P = 0.326). Only minor adverse side effects related to iontophoresis occurred. However, typical opioid‐related effects occurred frequently in the 1.0‐ and 2.0‐mA administration groups. Conclusions Clinically significant doses of fentanyl can be administered by iontophoresis for delivery periods of 2 h. A charge‐ dose relation exists after administration with currents of 1.0 and 2.0 mA. Future research into the iontophoresis of fentanyl as a method of potent opioid administration is indicated.


Horses traveling by road commonly experience heat stress conditions and poor air quality, which may be caused
by insufficient ventilation; however, there are few estimates of air exchange in a horse trailer during transport. Air exchange
rate was measured at ten locations within a four-horse trailer (internal volume 18.5 m3) using tracer gas decay measurement
to assess the adequacy of ventilation. Three vehicle speeds (13, 48, and 97 km h-1) and three window configurations
(all windows and roof vents closed, all windows open, all windows open and roof vents open forward) were tested with and
without animals present in the trailer. External air temperature ranged from 22.3°C to 28.3°C with an average of 25.3°C,
and internal air temperature ranged from 29.9°C to 34.8°C with an average of 31.3°C with animals present. Air exchange
rate increased with vehicle speed and open window and vent area. The average air exchange rate over all vehicle speeds and
ventilation configurations was 0.52 min-1 with animals present and 0.76 min-1 without animals. Without animals present, the
maximum mean exchange rate was 1.42 min-1 at 97 km h-1 at the rear left window with all windows and vents open; the lowest
mean exchange rate was 0.12 min-1 at 13 km h-1 with all windows and vents closed at the lower position of the rearmost stall
divider. With animals present, the maximum air exchange rate observed was 0.84 min-1 with all windows and vents open and
traveling at 97 km h-1. Ventilation in the trailer was not adequate when compared to recommendations for stabled horses for
any combination of vehicle speed or ventilation configuration. Increasing open vent area, either by increasing the number
and size of roof vents or the size of windows in the sidewall, would be the most cost-effective means of increasing air exchange
in a horse trailer.


In concept, biotechnology principles and practice should be of value in beneficiation and conversion of fossil fuels. However, such applications of biotechnology may not become a commercial reality for some time. Still, energy industry people are giving thought to the prospect, and some research and development efforts are under way. Perhaps the biggest immediate problem concerning energy biotechnology is the necessity for the scientific and technical communities to carve out an identifiable niche for it. Ideally, applications in the energy area would follow on from biotechnology's successes in the pharmaceutical industry, and in its use for developing high-value agricultural products. However, the technical ambience in the energy business is quite different. With exceptions, the raw materials in the energy industry are not well defined; research objectives still await generally agreed upon definition; and funding at all levels of energy R&D is not encouraging. In addition, institutional problems, such as...


Slope excavation and rainfall infiltration are often important factors affected slope stability.In this paper,the rebuilding of HuNan national highway is studied.Based on monitoring data and numerical analysis,the process of slope deformation is studied during the slope cutting and under rainfall conditions.The results show that the slope failure is a gradual process.Different factors can influence the slope stability and have different functions in the process.Slope excavation is the inciting factor which can lead to the failure of shallow slope body.For the slope is excavated,the stress balance of the slope body is destroyed.Slope body has a redistributed stress state.Then the shallow sliding surface is formed.The rainfall infiltration is the inciting factor leading to the deep sliding surface.The rainfall infiltrates the slope body along cracks.Deformation difference can increase on the both sides of shallow sliding surface.Then the pull-type landslide can be emerged.The high porewater pressure is in the interface between debris and strong weathered shale.The sliding zone is generated under the action of water-soil gradually.Consequently the deep sliding surface is emerged.


We investigated the hydraulic characteristics of an in-ground stilling basin (ISB) below a flood mitigation dam (FMD). The ISB structure is adapted to be ecologically transparent for fish migration and sediment transport through consideration of two lateral free spaces at the ISB end. We attempted to assess the energy dissipation performance of ISB by considering the interdependence between ISB geometry and flow pattern. The experimental results evidence there is a significant correlation between flow patterns and ISB geometry.


All microcirculation components are directed to homeostasis maintenance of an entire organism. Therefore, in order to prevent the misbalance, it is necessary to study constitution and functions of the microcirculatory bed. The mathematical modelling allows us to reveal the causes of microcirculation function disturbances and to avoid the development of many diseases, having begun their treatment at early stages. The results of mathematical modelling of the microcirculation process and comparison of these data with experimental one obtained by computer capillaroscopy are presented in this paper.


In system control and calculating methods,we often meet the solcing problem of equation.By using the concept of direct product of matrixes and matrixes of stretch,we give algebra solutions for matrix equation.


The embodiment of the invention provides a database high reliability solution method and device, and belongs to the field of computers. According to the method, after a transmitted LVS IP address is received, the LVS IP address is converted into the IP address of a corresponding database, so that a corresponding database drive search for connection corresponding to the database drive in a connection manager according to the converted IP address of the corresponding database, and thus the connection is reused. By means of the method, the problems that when the LVS is combined with the corresponding database to be used, the database drive cannot search for the connection corresponding to the LVS IP address, and connection is required to be rebuilt are solved, the performance cost generated when a client has access to the database is very effectively reduced, and the problem that when a great number of concurrent requests exist in the corresponding database, services cannot be provided due to the fact that the service connection number is full is solved.


Lanzhou was once an important military zone, which defended main land and controled the west of the Yellow River.Lanzhou was supervised boy the different dynasties.It was the junction among Loess Plateau Qing,Zang Plateau and Mongolia Plateau. The ancient Silk Road passed Lanzhou essentially.From the ancient time on,it was an important transportation crossing and main area of war field. The Lanzhou branch of Han nationality was born in Qin, Han Dynasties and matured in the late Qing Dynasty. It brought up particular humanity characteristic in northwest which was quite different from other areas in the past 2000 years.


Considering the reiteration of the mother-figure in some texts by Guimarães Rosa, though camouflaged by the "etymological" signifier of Famigerado ("Famigerate"), scanned in "faz-me-gerado, familhas gerado, falmisgeraldo", this text aims at focusing the character Bigri, Riobaldo's mother, metonymical related to Riobaldo's beloved Diadorim. From the association mother/wish it's possible to slide to the association mother/father, a subjacent structure in the novel's plot. In this sense, narrator's bastard origin will be remarked, but the absence of the "real" father will be considered through the imaginary father, personified by Zé Bebelo, and the symbolic father represented by Joca Ramiro who will suffer parricideo.


English for Specific Purposes has become very necessary in the last decades. This research paper aims to show the importance of materials development in English for Specific Purposes, since there is a lack of textbooks for this course aimed for students at the Faculty of Public Administration and Political Sciences at South East European University, Republic of Macedonia. When students graduate they should use written and speaking English language according to protocols and rules related to Public Administration in the country. English Language is a core subject at the university level and students take the ESP course in the third and fourth semester, after they have finished with their Basic English skills. In this research, qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for the data collection. The evidence for the paper was gathered by interviewing the students and preparing the target vocabulary in order to select materials. Students were also given a questionnaire to answer on their preferences where would they prefer to work after they graduate. The University data was also used to show the percentage of the already employed graduate students and according to the results new syllabi and materials were compiled to motivate students, engage and give assignments on topics that will be used on a daily basis. Course readers were designed for both ESP 1 and ESP 2 courses and other additional materials were selected that will prepare students for their future career.


We present experimental studies and numerical simulations of pulse propagation in continuous and periodically-modulated nonlinear waveguides, in the anomalous dispersion regime. These reveal the complex dynamics ofthe beam trapping process in periodic structures.


In 1969, the theorem of Reichert was formulated. Since then, two proofs have been found, both by Z. Jiang and Malcolm C. Smith, one of which in collaboration with Sara Y. Zhang. These proofs are based on the transfer functions of the electrical networks. The aim of this paper is to work toward a proof based on graph theory, linear algebra and differential equations. Whereas a proof has not been found, this paper provides insight on what the theorem of Reichert means, on ways to describe graphs and electrical networks with matrices and on the connection between those matrices. Lastly, we will take a look at Kron reduction: a way to remove resistors from resistive networks by manipulating their descriptive matrices.


Infected areas and damage levels due to crop pest and disease have been growing seriously according to the climate change. We aim to develop an automatic system to provide national pest and disease dynamic monitoring and early forecasting products, by integrating multisource information (Earth Observation, meteorological, ecological, entomological, and plant pathological, etc.) and cutting edge research on pest and disease modeling to support decision making in the sustainable management of pest and disease. First, we selected the sensitive indexes for pest and disease habitat monitoring and early forecasting, and then optimized the forecasting model's parameters to enhance its applicability in national level. Second, we developed an automatic system based on web GIS platform to efficiently realize the national pest and disease dynamic habitat monitoring and early forecasting. Finally, we released the pest and disease forecasting thematic maps. China's national disease wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) and national pest oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen)) are taking as the experimental objects. Based on the developed system, we forecasted the infected areas of rust and locust in China, in 2019, with these R-square values are higher than 0.87. This system would not only promote the efficacy of pest and disease management and prevention by improving accuracy of monitoring and forecasting, but also help to reduce the amount of chemical pesticides, which could thus guarantee food security and agriculture sustainable development in China.


Discloses an asynchronous communication interface and a telephone communication is provided. The interface enables software or hardware is not limited to any physical address, operate on the interface. Accordingly, preparation of software applications and hardware are not bound by protocol executed, it defines a set of configuration parameters for the asynchronous and telephonic communication function set. In addition, also provides a set of conditions for asynchronous interrupts and telephone communications feature set. These parameters control the condition and interrupt each other through interaction between software applications and hardware systems that interface.


Numerous education policies have been established in Europe during the last quarter of the 20 century to increase adults' and young people's awareness on sustainable development. Within that evolution which seeks to improve an adequacy between our behaviour and the resources of our planet, the European countries have developed diverse initiatives on both a national basis and into the framework of the European Union. While mentioning ESD in Europe, one must consider two political institutions resulting from different political approaches which started up after World War 2: the European Union with the European Council based in Brussels and the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe based in Geneva. The European Union was founded in 1951 by 6 European countries and evolved from there to the present day with 27 Member States that more or less share common political, economical and socio-cultural characteristics and developed a "Science and Education" process constituting the background of the European Strategy for sustainable development. These both national and European approaches came naturally as a support for the UN Decade for ESD. The United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), established in 1946, has 56 member states, a majority not belonging to the EU and sharing different economical and socio-cultural characteristics. In March 2005, UNECE launched the UN DESD known as the Vilnius strategy. In the European Union, Member States have the prime responsibility for education and training of their citizens whereas the Commission's role is to support Member States for the achievement of the objectives and goals of the UN Decade. Considering school education, the diversity of the European education system is extremely wide and complex, nevertheless an inventory of innovative practices in EU Member States underlines a substantial activity in ESD, reflecting a shift from environmental education to ESD in new syllabus even if there is a need for a better definition of the role and profile of teachers and trainers. At UNECE's level, the situation strongly fluctuates according to the socio-economic specificities of the 56 countries which explain that the harmonisation of the action in all European countries is hard and sometimes prejudicial to the progression of processes, in particular in some European countries with a pending economic development. The implementation of ESD in non-EU countries might sometimes Trends and Issues of ESD in Europe 11 appear more or less in rupture with EU countries either because they are not at the same level of development or because they favour the economical development at the expense au sustainable development. European Union member states constitute a relatively homogenous ensemble which initiatives in ESD contribute to make the 27 EU Member States major actors of the transition towards a society more respectful of the planet. Nevertheless EU and UNECE countries need to develop new strategies intended to overcome main obstacles by implementing new pilot approaches and key actions, to adopt a common definition of SD and its related educational actions, to improve competences in ESD to address the interdisciplinary and holistic nature of ESD, to involve all the actors to propose new ideas, and to take actions to adapt institutional, legislative and policy frameworks to the needs of ESD 1. Foreword Since the last quarter of the 20 century have occurred, on a global and European scale, the multiplication of initiatives, especially in the fields of education, in order to increase the awareness on sustainable development and to adopt new behaviours in accordance to sustainable development. Within that evolution which seeks to improve an adequacy between our behaviour and the resources of our planet while fostering an intergenerational solidarity, the European countries have developed a range of various educational policies which lie on closely related or commonly shared historical, environmental, economical, social and cultural trends and references. While mentioning ESD in Europe we have to consider two political institutions referring to Europe that are sometimes leading to confusion. These institutions are resulting from different political approaches, which started up after World War 2: the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe and the European Union with the European Council. the European Union (EU) founded in 1951 by 6 European countries by the treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and which evolved from there to the present day and which is now made up of 27 Member States. the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), established in 1946 (together with the Economic Commission for Asia and Far East) has 56 member states, four of them (Canada, Israel, Turkey and USA) not belonging to the geographical frame of Europe. In the early 1970s, key voices have begun to emphasize the scarcity of the planet's resources as mentioned in the 1972 report of the Club of Rome which underlined the increasing antagonism between demographic and economic growths. Gradually, arose the need of a deep and concrete thinking 12 concerning the future of Humanity in a world where the process of globalisation and the rapid growth of emerging countries seemed to forget the worrying diminution of our resources. In that context, the European Union appeared as an active craftsman to implement a sustainable development policy that would lie on education, training and information to each member of its population, whatever age, gender and condition. This policy was certainly made easier by common political, economical and socio-cultural characteristics of the countries members, and more particularly: close cultural roots assuring some kind of identity, democratic countries with variable constructions and more or less centralised, a perception of the necessity to protect our European environment through different approaches including the polluter pays principle, and also prevalence of identical or closely related socio-economical characteristics with a high level of consumption. These factors militate for the reinforcement of actions of initial education in schools and universities but also continuous vocational training and information for every citizen to allow them to take considered decisions for present and future. In reference to these shared values, several EU countries have developed during these twenty past years, national policies more or less obvious in the field of sustainable development, essentially devoted to scholar education. In the same time, the European Union was implementing the Lisbon strategy (2000). These national and European approaches came naturally as a support for the UN Decade through to two main processes addressing ESD: A "Science and Education" process of the European Union constituting the background of the European Strategy for sustainable development [1]. That process, both top-down and bottom-up, progressively gathered countries with close or identical political, economical and socio-cultural features favouring the implementation of common approaches. An enlarged process referring to UNECE and known as the Vilnius strategy [2] launched in 2005 and involving 56 countries, a majority not belonging to the EU, and sharing often very different economical and socio-cultural characteristics; In Göteborg (June 2001) the EU has enlarged the objectives of the Lisbon Strategy with the adoption of the first strategy of sustainable development of the European Union resting on the principle that it is necessary to take into account the economic, social and environmental consequences of all the policies in the decision process. In June 2006, one year after the launching of the Decade, a new European Strategy for Sustainable Development (ESSD) has been adopted by the enlarged European Union for the benefit of sustainable development [2]. That document fixes a unique and coherent strategy describing the way the European Union could honour in a more efficient manner its long-standing commitment to face the challenges of Trends and Issues of ESD in Europe 13 sustainable development. ESSD deals with intersectorial measures contributing to the knowledge society and notably those relating to education and training, research and development and communication by reminding that all these activities are necessary to promote a behavioural change and to provide every citizen with the essential competencies to take into account sustainable development. So, the launching of the Decade in 2005 occurred as already existed in Europe a broad consensus on the key role of the education and training systems to facilitate the changes that were needed to achieve the objectives of ESD. 2. The European policy for sustainable development and the UNDESD As the European Member States have the prime responsibility for education and training of their citizens, it was the Commission's role to support Member States for the achievement of the objectives and goals of the UN Decade. From a EU perspective, European cooperation was able to provide added value on these issues and the aims set for the UN Decade have also brought a number of achievements. However, it is clear that Europe must make enhanced efforts in the fields of sustainability. These efforts need the reinforcement of a common strategy showing the advantages of financial and human resources of the European Union and of each member. In November 2010 [3] in reference to the EU Sustainable development strategy first adopted in Göteborg [4] and reviewed in 2006 [2] and 2009 [5] the EU council reminds Member States to ensure that each citizen has the key competences to adapt to a changing world. The eight key competences outlined are mutually supportive and underpinned by skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, initiative taking and decision making, all of which are essential for ac


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed to sense, monitor and act on the environment. Some applications of these networks, especially in industrial sense and react scenarios, require high performance and guaranties. Our work is focused on building a system that allows configuring/reconfiguring alarms, actions or closed-loop techniques in the context of GINSENG project -- wireless sensor networks with performance control guarantees. We propose an approach for interaction with real-world devices through a web services interface, allowing users to configure and apply various operations, including complex closed-loop techniques that monitor and act over any actuator in the WSN. To allow the interaction between a client application and the motes we implemented an API to access services of the motes.


Very high level of acoustic noise in fMRI scanner rooms disrupts speech communication between the subject and the physician/researcher. Enhancing speech in such an environment is challenging due to the broadband and dynamic nature of the noise. Sub-band adaptive methods prove to be very effective in cancelling such noise. In this paper we present the results of using sub-band adaptive methods for enhancing speech corrupted by noise from a 3-Tesla fMRI scanner. We also observe that the performance depends on the synthesis filter bank structure.


The work presents the results of macroseismic survey of the Spitak-V earthquake which
occurred on July 6, 2014 with МL=4.0, I0=5–6 in the focal zone of the destructive Spitak earthquake 1988 with I0=10. The isoseismal map of the July 6, 2014 earthquake was made and the focal mechanism parameters were determined. According to the focal mechanism decision, the movement in the source was a strike-slip with minor uplift components.


Aims: To assess awareness and barriers in attitude toward eye donation in women of Chandigarh. Materials and Methods: A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Settings and Design: Prospective cohort study. Study time: 12 months. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the Epi-Info software package, Version 6.04. Results: The majority (82.4%) of women had known that eyes could be donated. But only 5.6% were aware that eyes could be retrieved even at home also. Not many subjects (10.7%) knew about pledge form. Willingness to donate or filling of pledge form was only in 5.5%. Majority of subjects could not make independent decision in eye donation and responded that after consultation with other family members or husband would decide. The subjects were reassessed again after an interval of 3 months. The awareness increased to 100% in the study group. But the attitude toward eye donation did not show much increase. Conclusion: This study depicted the women's insufficiency in decision making regarding eye donation or signing of pledge forms. To achieve the objectives of vision 2020, prerequisite is to change the negative attitude through behavior change communication toward eye donation and empowering women for taking independent decisions.


Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MSNs) were successfully synthesized with a relatively high surface area of 568 m2g−1. Fe3O4-MSNs were then modified with poly(2-diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) brushes using surface-initiated ARGET atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) (Fe3O4@MSN-PDMAEMA). Since the charge of PDEAEMA is externally regulated by solution pH, tertiary amines in the polymer chains were quaternized using 2-iodoethanol to obtain cationic polymer chains with a permanent positive charge (Fe3O4@MSN-QPDMAEMA). The intensity of the C−O peak in the C1s X-ray photoelectron spectrum increased after reaction with 2-iodoethanol, suggesting that the quaternization process was successful. The applicability of the synthesized materials on the removal of methyl orange (MO), and sunset yellow (E110) dyes from an aqueous solution was examined. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial dyes concentrations on the removal performance were investigated by batch experiments. The results showed that the Fe3O4@MSN-PDMAEMA sample exhibited a weak adsorption performance toward both MO and E110, compared with Fe3O4@MSN-QPDMAEMA at a pH level above 5. The maximum adsorption capacities of MO and E110 using Fe3O4@MSN-QPDMAEMA were 294 mg g−1 and 194.8 mg g−1, respectively.


Part of Parasitology and Pathology of Marine Organisms of the World Ocean. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 25 (1985). Translated by W.J. Hargis, Jr.


Strategic management of degrading coastal aquifers in eastern North Carolina (USA) became imperative after a severe imbalance occurred between withdrawal and recharge rates. To ameliorate this growing problem, an aggressive water policy was developed through public input by creating the Central Coastal Plain Capacity Use Area (CCPCUA) to maintain beneficial use of groundwater resources. Insights from social psychology, and socio‐legal studies are used to evaluate how procedural justice and public participation played major roles to resolving groundwater resource management problems. A mixed methods approach uses archival data and interviews with various rule‐making participants to assess the process of stakeholder involvement that led to creation of the policy. In addition, data analysis techniques are utilized to evaluate the effects of the policy on aquifer health (through water levels) over a ∼10 year period. Results suggest that not only did a stakeholder group participate in a process that was deemed fair, understandable, and relatively easy to administer for users and regulators, but public participation resulted in an effective plan that ensures the long‐term sustainable use of groundwater. Declining groundwater withdrawals and recovering water levels suggest that the rule is achieving its intended goal of protecting the aquifers from depletion and degradation. This paper touches on global themes that are essential to water demand and consumption, water management techniques, and water resources protection.


During the 1985 Michoacan earthquake (Ms = 8.1), large-amplitude seismograms with extremely long duration were recorded in the lake bed zone of Mexico City. We interpret high-frequency seismic wave fields in the three geotechnical zones (the hill, the transition, and the lake bed zones) in the Valley of Mexico on the basis of a systematic analysis for borehole strong motion recordings. We make identification of wave types for real seismograms. First, amplitude ratios between surface and underground seismograms indicate that predominant periods of the surface seismograms are largely controlled by the wave field incident into surficial layers in the Valley of Mexico. We interpret recorded surface waves as fundamental-mode Love waves excited in the Mexican Volcanic Belt by calculating theoretical amplification for different-scale structures. Second, according to a cross-correlation analysis, the hill and transition seismograms are mostly surface waves. In the lake bed zone, while early portions are noisy body waves, late portions are mostly surface waves. Third, using two kinds of surface arrays with different station intervals, we investigate high-frequency surface-wave propagation in the lake bed zone. The wave propagation is very complicated, depending upon the time section and the frequency band. Finally, on the basis of a statistical time series model with an information criterion, we separate S- and surface-wave portions from lake bed seismograms. Surface waves are dominant and are recognized even in the early time section. Thus high-frequency surface waves with long duration in the Valley of Mexico are excited by the Mexican Volcanic Belt.


Optical microcavities that confine the propagation of light in all three dimensions (3D) are fascinating research objects to study 3D-confined photon states, low-threshold microlasers, or cavity quantum electrodynamics of quantum dots in 3D microcavities. A challenge is the combination of complete electronic confinement with photon confinement, e.g., by linking a single quantum dot to a single photonic dot. Here we report on the interplay of 3D-confined cavity modes of single microspheres (the photonic dot states) with photons emitted from quantized electronic levels of single semiconductor nanocrystals (the quantum dot states). We show how cavity modes of high cavity finesse are switched by single, blinking quantum dots. A concept for a quantum-dot microlaser operating at room temperature in the visible spectral range is demonstrated. We observe an enhancement in the spontaneous emission rate; i.e., the Purcell effect is found for quantum dots inside a photonic dot.


With advances in new semiconductor IC manufacturing techniques and more complex process flows, the processing environment that a wafer is exposed to has become a critical issue. New CMOS process flows with shallow junction regions and thin gate oxides are susceptible to damage by free electrons and charged ionic species found in plasma processing environments. The following article presents data to quantify device damage due to various photoresist removal techniques. A dry chemical, ozone based ashing process is compared with more conventional wet chemical and plasma resist stripping methods. In this study, several ashers were compared with wet stripping and with traditional barrel ashing to quantify damage to thin gate oxides. Systems tested included two "downstream" RF plasma ashers, two "downstream" microwave plasma ashers and the non-plasma ozone ashing system. Tests were conducted to detect damage to gate oxides using CV (capacitance-voltage) and TDDB (time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown) measurements. Only the ozone asher did not cause measurable damage to 250Å gate oxides. The major source of damage appearing to be charge build up across capacitors during plasma ashing after poly etch.


Rich Assessment Tasks [RATS} are assessment tools designed to provide cross-curricula links while providing significant information about student performance. They are tools that use a variety of formats and seek to qualitatively engage students. In this session we will explore a number of examples and work through the process of developing RATS for use in the classroom.


This paper presents a transient analysis of various configurations of DC distribution systems. A combination of theoretical and practical methods were used to investigate the behavior of the system's variables after the occurrence of faults and the protection operation. A number of networks of varying complexity were built with detailed cable models using the EMTP/ATP software package in order to simulate a multitude of faults and assess each network's response at various positions and most crucially, the effectiveness of the protection scheme in reducing the impact of the transients after the fault. The travel speed of the transients was also investigated. At the same time, a set of measurements was conducted on a DC street lighting network to study the transient behavior of a real system. Another model was built to resemble the measured system, in order to compare between the simulation and measurement results. Finally, the evaluation of the measurement and simulation results leads to conclusions that will contribute to the creation of better, safer and more versatile DC distribution grids.


Anopheles melas and A. gambiae were studied at the village of Brefet, The Gambia. The population density of A. gambiae varied according to the rainfall. However, this was not so with A. melas, the highest densities of which occurred after the cessation of the rains. The sporozoite rate averaged 3.5% in A. gambiae but only 0.35% in A. melas. Possible causes of these differences are discussed.


In order to improve the tracking precision of underwater bearing-only target, a novel filteringsmoothing
algorithm based on Square-Root Unscented Kalman Filter (SR-UKFS) is proposed to track
underwater target. In the SR-UKFS algorithm, Square-Root Unscented Kalman Filter (SR-UKF) is used as
forward-filtering algorithm to provide current location results, Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) algorithm smoothes
the previous state vector and covariance matrix using the current location results, therefore an initial value with
higher precision is obtained to get more precise locating results. The simulation results show that the SR-UKFS
is an effective underwater bearing-only target tracking method, and it performs better than general Unscented
Kalman Filter (UKF) and SR-UKF in tracking precision and stability.


Two patients with follicular lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract were referred to our institution for capsule endoscopy. The first patient, a man aged 64 years, had un− dergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which had shown a whitish, granular, elevated area in the descending duode− num (Figure 1). The second patient, a 60− year−old woman, had a flat protrusion in the rectum (Figure 2). In both cases, endo− scopic biopsy of these lesions revealed follicular lymphoma (Figure 3).


The present invention discloses a test platform rectangular ring, to seal the comprehensive performance testing technique, for the purpose of a better evaluation of the overall performance of the seal. The rectangular ring test platform, and comprising a fixed shaft disposed coaxially with the rotation shaft, the rotation of the sleeve disposed outside the fixed shaft, a rectangular seal ring disposed on an outer circumference of the fixed shaft and the rotating shaft between the inner wall and two opposite axially; and a radial direction of said fixed shaft defines a through hole, the through hole is connected with the oil inlet port between the two rectangular ring; said fixed shaft attached defines a limit on the oil chamber to prevent oil splash, the bottom limit of the sidewalls of the first oil chamber drain port; connecting a first capacitive sensor for measuring the radial dimension d of the outer peripheral surface of the rectangular ring , for measuring the axial dimension s second side surface of a rectangular capacitive sensor is connected to the seal ring. The present invention is better evaluate the overall performance of the sealing ring.