Abstract : An experiment was performed to verify the authors' new concept that a two-section transformer may be designed in which the length of each section is less than a quarter wave length and may be treated as an independent variable. A two-section J-band waveguide transformer, having an arbitrarily chosen total length of one-fifth of a guide wavelength, was designed to match a 4:1 impedance mismatch at 5500 Mc. The design procedure is described in detail, including corrections for capacitive reactances introduced by each step discontinuity in the waveguide. The experimental results are in excellent argeement with the design objective. (Author)


We illustrate the RF design of the X-band linac for the upgrade of the SPARC_LAB facility at INFN-LNF (EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB). The structures are travelling wave (TW) cavities, working on the 2π/3 mode, fed by klystrons with pulse compressor systems. The tapering of the cells along the structure and the cell profiles have been optimized to maximize the effective shunt impedance keeping under control the maximum value of the modified Poynting vector, while the couplers have been designed to have a symmetric feeding and a reduced pulsed heating. In the paper we also present the RF power distribution layout of the accelerating module and a preliminary mechanical design.


The invention discloses a preparation method of montelukast sodium. The method comprises: A, converting a montelukast acid crude into a montelukast amino acid 2-amino-1-butanol salt; B, recrystallizing and refining the montelukast amino acid 2-amino-1-butanol salt; C, acidizing the montelukast amino acid 2-amino-1-butanol salt after refining, and freeing to obtain high-purity montelukast acid; and D, converting the montelukast acid into montelukast sodium. The preparation method of montelukast sodium has the advantages of simple process, high yield and good impurity removing effect, and the purity of the prepared montelukast sodium is more than 99.9%.


Rosmini was convinced that truth resides in human intelligence; therefore, the human mind is enabled to synthesize the complexity of different sciences. Medicine was to be explored under the physiological aspect, but the psychological enquiry should be recognized as of primary importance. Medical therapy requires also an experimental science in order to verify the true setting of new inventions. His proposal was to implement and develop a medical college comprehensive of hospital, academic studies and a Forum for publishing the results of the medical researches and new inventions; but his effort was cut off by the Roman Curia. The endeavour of Rosmini was to bring together in medicine both physiology and psychology, as parts of the same scientific pattern in facing disease and illness: for Rosmini a human being is one, a unity of body and soul, and therefore both sciences are one. Rosmini elaborates a concept of psychological human integrity which is based on the ontological synthesism of soul-body; as a consequence, a basic knowledge of anthropology is necessary for a good development and improvement of the medical art.


To enable mass-market applications based on short- range wireless communication around 60 GHz at datarates above 1 Gbps, cheap implementation technologies are needed. The radios for these applications often use antenna arrays with beamforming to improve the link budget. This work discusses the state-of-the-art on CMOS beamforming architectures and describes the different parts of a wireless link that is built around a four-antenna array on a PCB that also contains 45nm digital CMOS receiver ICs with beamforming capabilities. Keywords-CMOS, 60 GHz, mm-wave, phased arrays.


A facility is described that has been specifically designed for small-scale laboratory testing of solid rocket propellants. A description of the facility is provided which includes the general plan of the facility and features related to personnel safety. One of the major activities in the facility is testing solid rocket propellants for combustion response to acoustic perturbations. A detailed discussion of acoustic instability testing is given including specially designed combustion apparatus, data acquisition, and signal conditioning. Techniques of data reduction are reviewed and some of the instrumentation problems that arise in this type of testing are mentioned along with practical solutions.


This paper shows that finance has been a key ingredient of long-term economic growth in OECD and G20 countries over the past half-century, but that there can be too much finance. The evidence indicates that at current levels of household and business credit further expansion slows rather than boosts growth. Causality from more credit to slower growth is supported by a novel empirical methodology which exploits changes in financial regulation across countries and time as a source of exogenous variation in financial size. The empirical analyses point to five factors that link more credit to slower growth: i) excessive financial deregulation, ii) a more pronounced increase in credit issuance by banks than other intermediaries, iii) too-big-to-fail guarantees by the public authorities for large financial institutions, iv) a lower quality of credit and v) a disproportionate rise of household compared with business credit. By contrast, expansions in stock market funding in general boost growth.


Three-dimensional nonlinear FEA model of radial tire including the geometric nonlinearity of large deformation,material nonlinearity,the anisotropy of rubber-cord composites,the nonlinerar boundary conditions from tire-pavement contact was established.The characteristics of radial tire under different belt angles were studied,and the relationship between load and deformation,the tire deformation,belt and carcass stress distribution were discussed.The analysis results could predict the tire characteristics and provide valid parameters for tire disign and optimization.


Abstract Heterogeneity in cell populations is a major factor in the dynamics of cellular systems in living tissue or microbial colonies. This heterogeneity needs to be taken into account for the interpretation of experimental observations as well as in the construction of predictive models for cellular systems. A common modelling framework for heterogeneous cell population is by an infinite ensemble of single cell models. The state of a cell population is in this framework modelled by the distribution of the single cell states. In this paper we study under which conditions the population model is identifiable, i.e., we can determine the initial distribution of cell states and parameters from a dynamic output distribution. We derive a necessary condition on the single cell model based on the classical observability results from linear and nonlinear control theory. Our results are illustrated via examples.


A thermal model performance of transparent honeycomb structure in the basin has been designed and fabricated. The condenser cover of the honeycomb double exposure solar still may be considered as a system having one thermally independent flat-plate. The high inclination of the cover towards the south is the characteristics of absorbed and transmitted energy. The experimental have been carried out to predict the performance of the proposed still in October 2012, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Manimangalam, Tambaram, Chennai, India. It has been found that the still receives large amount of radiation and daily output increased by 30% than ordinary double exposure solar still.


stands on its own tottering feet, and here at least Franke was right, for the tradition is contradicted by all Indian authorities. This is not a minor point, as many other dates are made dependent on it. There are three excellent maps and some good plates, but in the case of the rock-shelter drawings it would have been better to tell us where they come from. The localities mentioned in the text extend from the Vindhyas to Bengal, and those in the plate must belong to Singanpur, a place not easy to find on the map.


The zero moment point ( Z M P ) and the linearized inverted pendulum model linking the Z M P to the center of gravity ( C O G ) have an important role in the control of the postural equilibrium (balance) of biped robots and lower-limb exoskeletons. A solution for balance real time control, closing the loop from the joint actual values of the C O G and Z M P , has been proposed by Choi. However, this approach cannot be practically implemented: While the Z M P actual value is available from the center of pressure ( C o P ) measured under the feet soles, the C O G is not measurable, but it can only be indirectly assessed from the joint-angle measures, the knowledge of the kinematics, and the usually poorly known weight distribution of the links of the chain. Finally, the possible presence of unknown external disturbance forces and the nonlinear, complex nature of the kinematics perturb the simple relationship between the Z M P and C O G in the linearized model. The aim of this paper is to offer, starting from Choi's model, a practical implementation of closed-loop balance control fusing C o P and joint-angle measures, eliminating possible inconsistencies. In order to achieve this result, we introduce a model of the linearized inverted pendulum for an extended estimation, not only of C O G and Z M P , but also of external disturbances. This model is then used, instead of Choi's equations, for estimation and balance control, using H ∞ theory. As the C O G information is recovered from the joint-angle measures, the identification of a statistically equivalent serial chain ( S E S C ) linking the C O G to the joint angles is also discussed.


Speech signals recorded in communication devices are frequently corrupted by undesired additive noise. To improve the speech quality, single-microphone noise reduction is often applied in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. In contrast to single-frame approaches, where a gain is applied to each noisy STFT coefficient independently, multi-frame approaches aim to exploit the speech inter-frame correlation (IFC) [1, 2, 3, 4].


The purpose of this paper is to to demonstrate the utility of simple molecular-orbital-theory language in discussing the spectral, magnetic, and bonding properties of transition metal complexes.


Composite separation membranes of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) containing well-dispersed silicalite particles of 50 nm were successfully prepared and applied to the preferential pervaporation of acetic acid over water. The nanocomposite membranes showed improvement on both separation factor and permeation flux for the pervaporation process, as compared to plain PDMS membranes and composite membranes containing silicalite particles of 5 μm. The improvement can be attributed to higher readily accessible specific surface area and higher sorption selectivity toward acetic acid of the nano-size silicalite particles. Improvement on membrane thermal stability was also acquired through incorporation of nano-size silicalite particles.


This study aimed to investigate whether cabergoline therapy alone for six months or in combination with a light exercise programme for an additional three months can attenuate hyperprolactinemia in 13 male patients (range: 22 to 45 yrs.) through measuring pituitary-gonadal hormones including prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and total testosterone. The exercise programme consisted of walking, brisk walking, jogging, and running for three months, during which the intensity and duration of exercise were gradually increased. All the patients performed the exercise programme at 6.30 AM to exclude the effects of the circadian rhythm. The exercise programme was performed at an intensity below 160 beats per min to ensure filling of the heart with blood during ventricular diastole. Blood samples were collected from each patient on three occasions: before treatment, at the end of cabergoline therapy, and after the combination of light exercise and cabergoline. At the end of cabergoline therapy, descriptive data revealed that serum prolactin levels were decreased while the other hormones were increased but without returning to the normal range, except for one patient. However, at the end of the combination procedure, most hormones, namely prolactin and testosterone, were returned to the normal range in most patients. In conclusion, light exercise combined with cabergoline therapy for additional 3 months after 6 months of cabergoline therapy alone returned hormones in most patients to normal range probably due to improved mood and decreased hostility as a result of tuberoinfundibular pathway activity.


The invention discloses a tunnel connection channel construction method of a shield interval, which comprises the following steps: 1. an enclosed plain concrete continuous wall which is used as a water sealing curtain is arranged at the periphery of the connection channel ; 2. a mixing pile or grouting is adopted inside of the connection channel area to reinforce soil body; 3. excavating vertical well construction is carried out within the range of a reinforce area; 4. a subsurface excavation method is adopted to carry out excavation and lining construction for the connecting channel from both sides of the vertical well. 5. after the construction of the connecting channel interval is completed and a shield machine entirely passes through a reinforce body, a tube sheet positioned at the connecting channel portal is cut off, the portal waterstop and the portal structure of the connecting channel are constructed; the lining structure of the connecting channel positioned at the vertical well is also constructed and the vertical well is refilled, finally the connecting channel is completed; the stratum reinforce construction method of the connecting channel is high in efficiency and safe, can be promoted and applied to the construction of reinforcing stratum for changing the tool bits of the shield machine, thereby providing reliable guarantee for changing the tool bits of the shield machine.


Space-time correlation characteristics of jets operated over a wide range of jet velocities are investigated in this study in order to gain insights into the physical mechanisms which lead to generation and radiation of noise due to turbulent mixing in jets. A traversing semi-circular cage array, that spans 180º in the azimuthal direction, together with four farfield microphone arrays at different azimuthal angles are employed. The cage array extends to 30D in the axial direction. Simultaneously sampled, space-time data have been acquired, processed and analyzed. The nearfield space-time characteristics exhibit interesting trends. There is strong correlation at the lower frequencies; as the frequency is increased, the correlation levels drop. This is true regardless of the jet conditions and the location for the reference microphone anywhere in the nearfield. Examination of the coherence spectra and correlations, with the reference microphone at different x/D locations, reveals that (1) there is very little axial correlation when the reference microphone is close to the nozzle exit, in the range of x/D = 1 to ~7; (2) there is a large source region that is coherent over ~15D axially and ~360º azimuthally for all jet conditions, from heated and unheated jets in the Mach number range of 0.51 to 1.67 [convective Mach numbers, Mc=0.36 to 1.69]; (3) the coherent region typically extends from ~13D to ~30D, with maximum normalized correlation levels greater than ~0.5 (50%) over the entire axial extent of ~15D; and (5) these high levels of normalized correlations are observed at all jet velocities, from Mc=0.36 to 1.69. The nearfield-farfield correlations indicate that (1) there is no measurable correlation, for inlet angles ≤ ~110º for any jet condition and for any location in the nearfield of the jet – the random fine-scale turbulence is most likely the dominant source radiating to these directions; (2) there is a clear difference in the variation of the peak nearfield-farfield correlation for heated and unheated jets; (3) there is an extended axial range of ~15D where high correlations of ~0.5 (50%) to ~0.8 (80%) are observed between a single point in the nearfield and the farfield microphone signal at 150º; and (4) these high levels of peak correlations are seen for jets at all jet velocities, from Mc=0.36 to 1.69. Both the nearfield characteristics and the nearfield-farfield correlations indicate that the dominant source that radiates to the aft angles is coherent over a large distance of ~15D and is located well beyond two potential core lengths from the nozzle exit. This is a new finding and has not been reported in any prior study. The farfield-farfield correlations both for low speed and high speed jets exhibit remarkable similarity. There is high polar correlation, over an angular range of ~25º, when the reference microphone is located at 150º. Further, the jet velocity is seen to have a minor, if any, effect on the measured characteristics. The consistent trends from the various analyses point to a single mechanism/source responsible for the generation and radiation of noise to the peak angle.


Considering wind power penetration limit and wind photovoltaic(PV)complementary electricity-generating limits,wind and PV complementary probabilistic model was built and the appropriate proportion of wind and PV power capacity in a region was set up in this paper.To solve the problem of wind and PV power injection into the power system,the wind and solar resources were highly complementary in the spatial and temporal scales in this region.A multiobjective optimization scheduling model was constructed with the objective that the cost of unit operation and start-stop was lowest and the pollutant emission was minimal.In each optimization period,the constraint for grid-connection of wind-PV power was introduced to prevent the windand PV power output under the extreme weather conditions beyond the actual admission capacity.Monte Carlo method,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)and maximum satisfaction method were adopted to optimize the results of this model.Testing results show that the constructed model and algorithm efficient to achieve the optimal economic benefits and environmental benefits.


Triaxial measurement is an effective means to determine the transfer impedance of a shielded cable. It is based on coupled transmission line principle. In an ideal case, both transmission lines in the setup would be matched to guarantee the high frequency performance. In practice, matching is hard to achieve without compromising on usability and generality of the measurement setup. This paper discusses how triaxial cell diameter and the resulting impedance mismatch affects transfer impedance measurement results. In addition, the paper shows how impedance mismatches can be modeled, presents a simplified model to quickly understand the effects of impedance mismatch, and compares the model to results measured with different triaxial cell sizes. The simple model presented achieved similar accuracy to a more complex model defined in IEC 62153.


Abstract Optimum conditions have been determined for the hydrothermal synthesis of valleriite from mixtures of Fe/Cu sulfide and Mg/Al hydroxide gels. X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm a structure consisting of alternating brucite-like (Mg,Al) hydroxide layers and Cu-Fe-S sulfide layers. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of good quality crystals prepared from different starting ratios indicate that valleriite is stable within the composition range [CuFeS 2 ] · 1.67[Mg 0.70 Al 0.30 (OH) 2 ] to [Cu 1.30 Fe 0.70 S 2 ] · 1.35[Mg 0.74 Al 0.26 (OH) 2 ]. A combination of XPS and EDX suggests that valleriite contains Cu + and mainly Fe 3+ cations.


Delay in the onset of static stall via passive vortex generators (VGs) results in more efficient equipment. Nevertheless, most studies of VGs are conducted on wind turbine blades rather than other turbomachinery devices like axial fan blades. This study is feasibility research to see whether the aerodynamic performance of axial fan blades improves in the presence of VGs. Therefore, the VGs' effect of a static blade with an elliptical profile having a maximum thickness of 8% chord length and without a twist angle is investigated. Fully resolved RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) simulation with the shear stress transport k– ω turbulence model at Re = 1 × 105 is used to discover the blade flow characteristics with VGs for two types of fan, eight and twelve blades. It is shown that, in both fans, not only can implementing VGs improve the aerodynamic performance of the blade effectively but also the separation phenomenon is delayed. Furthermore, it is concluded that installing VGs performed better in the 8-blade fan, with up to a 3° separation delay, a 9.88% increase in the maximum lift coefficient, and a 48.15% decrease in the maximum drag coefficient with respect to the clean blade. Analyzing the aerodynamic performance of real axial fans considering rotary blades with twist angles equipped with VGs will be feasible in future research.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging‐related progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Previous studies suggested that various soluble Aβ species are neurotoxic and able to activate apoptosis and autophagy, the type I and type II programmed cell death, respectively. However, the sequential and functional relationships between these two cellular events remain elusive. Here we report that low molecular weight Aβ triggered cleavage of caspase 3 and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase to cause neuronal apoptosis in rat cortical neurons. On the other hand, Aβ activated autophagy by inducing autophagic vesicle formation and autophagy related gene 12 (ATG12), and up‐regulated the lysoso‐mal machinery for the degradation of autophagosomes. Moreover, we demonstrated that activation of autophagy by Aβ preceded that of apoptosis, with death associated protein kinase phosphorylation as the potential molecular link. More importantly, under Aβ toxicity, neurons exhibiting high level of autophagosome formation were absent of apoptotic features, and inhibition of autophagy by 3‐methylade‐nine advanced neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy can protect neurons from Aβ‐induced apoptosis.


This paper shows the use of TETRA standard to provide a telecontrol service belonging to a medium size power utility. We introduce the concepts of TETRALAN architecture to support communications inside a substation and TETRAWAN architecture as the backbone radio network. Finally, system performance studies are carried out and a possible enhancement using silence gaps existing in voice conversations is proposed.


Autacoids are chemical substances that our body releases periodically that act as local hormones. They are released due to various stimuli and bring about various physiological changes in the body. Autacoids handle several biological actions including modulation of the activity of smooth muscles, glands, nerves, platelets and other tissues.Typically, autacoids are short-lived and rapidly degraded. Autacoid modulators interfere with the synthesis, inhibit the release or the receptors upon which they act. Autacoids are biological factors synthesized and released locally that play a role in vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and inflammation. These include serotonin,bradykinin, histamine, and eicosanoids. Vertebrates have evolved remarkable mechanisms for the repair and maintenance of their own tissues (i.e.,host tissues) that simultaneously preclude the invasion and growth of non-host cells and viruses. The front line of host defense relies on the skin, mucosal surfaces, and cornea, where epithelial tissues provide not only the critical physical barrier to a constant exposure to pathogens, but also an interface with commensal microbes.] Inflammation is a major component of host defense, and a fundamental feature of this vital response is the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury.Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages in particular are essential for preventing infection and the concomitant threat of life-threatening sepsis. Indeed, in humans, vulnerability to infection is an inevitable consequence of all known genetic or acquired defects in leukocyte function, including defects in adhesion, microbial killing, and phagocytosis; deficiencies in the generation of leukocytes in the bone marrow increase rates of infection and also other illnesses and raise mortality rates.In fact, any injury that compromises the external epithelial barrier triggers a robust inflammatory response. www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 12 December 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2112076 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org a710


In Australia, law reform occurs in the shadow of limits imposed by the Constitution. This chapter engages with two aspects of the relationship between law reform and constitutional limits. First, how do constitutional limits influence parliaments' consideration of law reform proposals? Second, what law reforms are needed in order to allow parliaments to engage in proper deliberation about constitutional limits?


For protecting potato tubers from the potato tuber moth (PTM) infestation during storage, different concentrations of ten natural plant oils and three commercial monoterpnes were tested, some as fumigants or dusts against adults or dusts against neonate larvae, while others as sprays on the gunny sacks in which potato tubers were stored. Tuber damage indices as well as persistence indices for tested materials were assessed. Vapors of Cymbopogon citratus, Myristica fragrans (nutmag), Mentha citrata and a-Ionone (monoterpene) caused a highly significant reductions in the life span of exposed moths as well as in new adult offsprings. Other tested oils as Cinnamonium zeylanicum, Myristica. fragrans (Mace) and Pelargonium graveolens caused a insignificant effect. There was no significant effect of the tested vapors on egg hatchability, except in case of oils of C. citratus , M. fragrans (nutmag) and M. tragrans (Mace oil) which caused high reduction in egg hatchability. According to the values of damage indices, the most effective oil vapors were arranged ascendingly as follows: Myristica (nutmag) < Cymbopogon < Mentha < a - Ionone . Dusting potato tubers with 1% conc., (mixed with talcum powder) of Myristica, Mentha , Cymbopogons oils and a-Ionone (monoterpene) caused high reduction in egg deposition, adult emergence as well as percentage of penetrated larvae of PTM. According to their damage indices, Cymbopogon and ά-Ionone were the most protective oils, followed by Myristica and Mentha . Spraying gunnysacks with 1% conc., of the aforementioned natural oils separately elicited high reduction in PTM progeny; while their combinations did not elicit any significant synergistic effect. According to their tuber damage indices, it was found that Cymbopogon oil alone or mixed with Myristica oil showed the best protective effect, followed by Myristica oil alone and Mentha oil mixed with Cymbopogon oil. Assessment of the persistence index of various tested materials during storage indicated that: Vapors of Cymbopogon and Myristica (nutmag) gave the best protection from PTM infestation during storage (for 20 days). Dusting potato tubers with plant oil of Cymbopogon (mixed with talcum powder) gave the best protection during storage (for 15 days). Spraying gunnysacks with natural plant oils of Cymbopogon and Myristica , separately or mixed elicited the best protection from infestation by PTM during storage up to 20 days.


Health care reform is a topic that is frequently discussed at legislatures, round table discussions, universities, hospitals, workplaces, and dinner tables. The debate begins with "basic" concepts, such as: "Is health care a right or a privilege?" Although to some the answer seems obvious, resolution of the question is something Americans have been unable to grasp. While legislators discuss the specifics of funding health care programs and health services researchers analyze the effects of various payment methodologies on the market, the "average" American asks: "What will happen if I get sick?" State legislators have been unable to provide solutions because their budgets simply cannot cover the costs of initiatives that will provide health insurance for a state's entire citizenry. Although some point to Canada or Massachusetts or Hawaii as models for health care reform, the answers may lie elsewhere. In fact, the answers may lie in Indiana. This Article will discuss the initiatives for change proposed for our state's health care system. This Article will first survey the cases involving the state's Medicaid and Hospital Care for the Indigent programs. It


In the study of insect ecology it is convenient to classify the factors that determine the abundance of different species. Biotic and abiotic, (physical), density dependent and independent, and climate and competition, are examples of this descriptive terminology. While the value of such a classification is debatable, it is commonly accepted that weather is an important abiotic factor, which normally acts in a density-independent way. When considering the influence of climate on insects, a distinction should be made between effects occurring within and outside of the socalled favourable zone. Within the favourable zone, climate, particularly temperature, determines rate-based processes such as reproduction and development. Conditions outside the favourable zone prevent reproduction and development, and at the extremes, can become lethal (Dempster, 1975). For insects of the temperate region this switch from a favourable to an unfavourable climate is largely a seasonal phenomenon, peaking in summer and winter respectively. Similarly, the nature of the mortality factors acting on insects reflects this seasonal trend, with the effects of natural enemies and competition being most important from late spring to autumn, and low temperature the dominant influence in winter. The damage potential of most pest insects is a function of their abundance at the time when crops are most vulnerable to attack. It is therefore valuable to identify the factors that contribute to the annual cycle of mortality, especially those that might be used to predict patterns of future abundance. Forecasts of the likely migration dates, abundance and outbreak areas of pest species allow rational decisions to be made on the use of insecticides, particularly in years of low pest incidence. The need for predictive models of this type has been highlighted by the aphid and associated virus epidemics which have followed two successive winters with abnormally high temperatures, and the prospect of consistently higher winter temperatures as a result of global warming and climate change. Against this background, this paper outlines current ideas on the cold hardiness of temperate insects, demonstrates the importance of microclimates, and presents evidence to show that for some species, the level of winter survival is the primary determinant of their future abundance. The difficulties of predicting mortality from records of winter temperature and indices of cold hardiness are illustrated by reference to three species with differing levels of cold tolerance.


Currently, more than two billion people access the Web for various purposes. The majority are people without programming or modelling background. Part of these people(called end-users) also likes to create their own Web applications to meet their daily needs. Mashup Makers are tools to create such end-user's Web applications. As such, Mashup Makers could become the dominant environment for end-user development of Web applications. Existing Mashup Makers promise that creating a Web Mashup is very easy and just a matter of a few mouse clicks. However, there is no evidence that this is indeed the case. On the contrary, research has already revealed usability problems with Mashup Makers. Therefore, we target the achievement of a consolidated approach, model, and framework for the evaluation of the usability of Mashup Makers for end-users. Such a framework will not only allow evaluating the usability of existing Mashup Makers, but it will also provide key issues concerning usability(i.e. usability impact factors) that developers of Mashup Makers and of other future end-user development tools can take into consideration when developing new tools.


The utility model relates to an environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, which comprises a center server, a communication terminal and an environment monitoring instrument, wherein the center server is connected with the communication terminal which is connected with the environment monitoring instrument. Because of the environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor of the utility model adopts the remote data communication, the utility model greatly improves the data transmission performance of the system, enlarges the application range, is particularly applicable to environment with severe conditions and great interference, and has the advantages of high data detection accuracy, high data transmission speed and low production cost.


A conventional systematic satisfiability logic suffers from a nonflexible logical structure that leads to a lack of interpretation. To resolve this problem, the advantage of introducing nonsystematic satisfiability logic is important to improve the flexibility of the logical structure. This paper proposes Random 3 Satisfiability (<italic>RAN3SAT</italic>) with three types of logical combinations (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k = 1, 3, k =2, 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k =1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, 2, 3) to report the behaviors of multiple logical structures. The different types of <italic>RAN3SAT</italic> enforced with Discrete Hopfield Neural Network (DHNN) are included with benchmark searching techniques, such as Exhaustive Search algorithm. Additionally, to strengthen and certify the behavior of the proposed model, we extensively conducted several performance evaluation metrics with a specific number of neurons. In particular, the experimental results revealed that <italic>RAN3SAT</italic> was able to be implemented in DHNN, and each logical combination has its characteristics. Nonetheless, <italic>RAN3SAT</italic> provides more neuron variations in the whole solution space. The proposed model can also be applied in real-world applications such as the logic mining approach since <italic>RAN3SAT</italic> consists of various logic combinations that behave as input language to transform raw data into informative output.


The air gun source has been widely used as an artificial source in seismic exploration of the sea area because of its simple operation, low risk, automatic continuous operation and almost no influence on the observation environment. In 2015, we carried out the 3-D crustal structural exploration project in the Pearl River estuary, 13 seismic sounding explorations were set up in the sea area, and activated air gun source for more than 12,000 times. Through records of ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) and fixed seismic stations, we found that seismic records of OBS can be clearly identified Pg, PmP, and other phases, the records of the fixed seismic stations can be clearly identified the air gun shot events. The results show that the energy of the air gun shot in this field exploration is quite good, and data can support the study of the three-dimensional structure of the crust in the sea by air gun shot records of seismometers.


The paper discusses the GC-MS analytic results on two kinds of essential oil of ginger,which are obtained by vapor distillation and by supercritical CO2 extraction respectively.It is found that the latter includes zingiberol series compounds aboundantly,which represent the special sapor of ginger well.This is one of the characteristics and advantages of supercritical fluid extraction.


Over the last 20 years, the method of management of coarctation of the aorta has been the subject of debate. This debate continues, as illustrated by the commentary provided by Ebels and his colleagues in response to our study employing decision analysis to evaluate systematically the valueweighted outcomes for a therapeutic strategy based either on surgery or interventional catheterisation. The process of peer review of our submitted manuscript generated a protracted debate regarding the validity of its methodology. The editorial commentary provided by Ebels and his colleagues, however, continues to demonstrate that there are ongoing misperceptions which require further specific clarification. We submit that the commentators have misunderstood the methodology, and misinterpreted the results of the analysis. We also question their criticisms of the literature reviewed. In the commentary, there appears to be a misunderstanding as to what a decision analysis is, and what it is not. A decision analysis is not an assessment of real-life decisions, but does provide a framework for modelling and analyzing how such decisions might be made. It also allows us to determine which factors might influence decision making, and to what degree they will alter the final decision. These factors include the spectrum of plausible outcomes, their probability of occurrence, the relative values or weights, called utilities, of those outcomes, together with a relative value of the treatment modality itself. Determination and assignment of utilities by standard gamble interview is a method of estimating a quantitative value for a given outcome or combination of outcomes. In analysis of cost-effectiveness, that value would be the costs associated with that particular treatment and its outcomes. In decision analysis, the utility value represents a trade-off in terms of added mortality. Additionally, a model using decision analysis permits the probability and utility of outcomes to be varied to determine threshold values at which the final weighted utility adjusted score for one treatment might exceed the alternative, a feature known as sensitivity analysis. We infer that the commentators consider that we have been examining real-life decisions, while instead we have performed a systematic modeling of factors that might simulate an informed decision-making process. In real life, decision makers are simultaneously taking into account the relative merits of treatments, the probabilities of possible outcomes, and the equivalency or weight of those outcomes, as well as the preferences of themselves and their patients, but they are doing this largely based on intuition and recall, which is fraught with bias. Decision analysis systematically models the process in a manner that is driven by the data. ''Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic researchy Increased expertise is reflected in many ways, but especially in more effective and efficient diagnosis and in the more thoughtful identification and compassionate use of individual patients' predicaments, rights, and preferences in making clinical decisions about their care''. The strict use of clinical expertise without consideration of available evidence, or reliance solely on the most recent clinical or research evidence without consideration of other mitigating factors, Correspondence to: Dr Brian W. McCrindle, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8. Tel: 1416 813 7610; Fax: 1416 813 7547; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The enthalpies of reaction of the ·Cr(CO)3C5Me5 and disulfides (RSSR) forming RS−Cr(CO)3C5Me5 have been measured by solution calorimetry, ΔH = −13.3 + 1.5 kcal/mol (R = Ph) and −11.2 + 1.2 kcal/mol (R = Me). These data lead to Cr−SR bond strength estimates of 35 and 43 kcal/mol, respectively. The rates of oxidative addition have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Phenyl disulfide reacts by a second-order mechanism whose rate-determining step is the attack of the chromium radical on the sulfur−sulfur bond, yielding chromium thiolate and a thiyl radical [k(298 K) = 1.3 M-1 s-1, ΔHΦ = +10.2 kcal/mol, ΔSΦ = −24.4 cal/(mol deg)]. Methyl disulfide reacts by a third-order mechanism going through a termolecular transition state in which the stronger sulfur−sulfur bond in the alkyl disulfide is attacked simultaneously by two chromium radicals [k(298 K = 393 M-2 s-1, ΔHΦ = −0.2 kcal/mol, ΔSΦ = −47 cal/(mol deg)]. The rates of reaction of MeSSMe and PhSSPh with the hydride H−Cr(CO)3C5Me5 have also been investig...


This title presents a superbly illustrated, comprehensive, and wholly engrossing journey through the last six decades of Thailand's lively history. Featuring more than 2,000 news stories and over 1,000 colour and black & white illustrations, "Chronicle of Thailand" offers a grandstand view of some of the most important events in Thailand's modern history. Starting on June 9, 1946 with the coronation of Bhumibol Adulyadej, the current King of Thailand, this volume presents a vivid eyewitness account of the country's development by reliving the major news events as they unfolded - the suppression of Communism, the Vietnam War, the October 1973 Uprising, economic booms, great sporting moments, cultural firsts, unforgettable tragedies, and quirky aspects of daily life that just happened to make the news.


Barbara Starfield's research showed that investing in primary healthcare is the way to a successful health system. So why are these lessons not being heeded, asks Michael Caley, and will general practice commissioning help?


The aim of a cooperative system is to coordinate and support group activities. CSDL (Cooperative Systems Design Language) is an experimental language designed to support the development of cooperative systems from specification to implementation. In CSDL a system is defined as a collection of reusable entities implementing floor control disciplines and shared workspaces. A cooperative system may be distributed over a variety of workstations and networks. Therefore, a design language should provide sound supports for system architecture definition and dynamic configuration. This paper surveys the language and discusses constructs for identifying starting and connecting system entities.<<ETX>>


The recent West African Ebola virus outbreak highlighted the need for effective therapies against this pathogen. Research has shown that a cocktail of three mouse-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), Zmapp, could be effective in treating nonhuman primates infected with Ebola (NEJM JW Infect Dis Oct 2014 and Nature …


In this contribution, the synthesis and catalytic activity of alkali metal molybdates for the degradation of cationic dyes under ambient conditions were systematically studied. The influences of Na and Mo precursors, Na/Mo ratio, and calcination temperature on the chemical composition and catalytic activity of sodium molybdates were investigated. Among all the obtained sodium molybdates, Na2Mo2O7 showed the highest catalytic activity for the degradation of cationic red GTL, safranine T, and methylene blue, etc. Particularly for cationic red GTL, a degradation efficiency of 98.5% could be achieved within 5 min. The optimal synthesis conditions for the formation of pure Na2Mo2O7 are also presented. The morphology and structure of Na2Mo2O7 were carefully characterized using XRD, SEM, HR-TEM and SAED, and FT-IR. In addition to sodium molybdates, potassium and lithium molybdates were also similarly synthesized, which also showed excellent catalytic activities for dye degradation. This work will shed light on the synthesis of novel active catalysts for the catalytic wet air oxidation of dyes.


Alternaria alternata, A. brassicae, A. brassicicola, A. raphani, A. longissima and A. tenuissima were isolated from seed samples of Brassica oleracea Var. capitata grown in Kumaun Himalaya. Alternaria alternata and A. brassicicola were associated with the seeds of most of the samples while A. brassicae, A. longissima, A. raphani and A. tenuissima were recorded from 4, 1,3 and 2, respectively. A. alternata, A. brassicae, A. brassicicola, A. raphani and A. tenuissima reduced the seed germination by seed rot, root rot and damping-off. Three fungicides viz., thiram, captafol and dithane M-45 were effective against Alternaria blight. The available literature reveals that A. alternata, A. longissima, A. raphani and A. tenuissima are being reported from the seeds of cabbage of India first time.


Provided is a brake control device capable of suppressing noise. The brake control device is switched, depending on a vehicle state, between a first pressure increase whereby a differential pressure valve disposed between a master cylinder and a wheel cylinder is closed and a pump is driven to increase a wheel cylinder fluid pressure, and a second pressure increase whereby, while permitting a leakage of brake fluid by the differential pressure valve, the pump is driven to increase the wheel cylinder fluid pressure.


SCHOLARS HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY AWARE of the missionary orientation of the Epicurean school.' In the case of Lucretius, however, although the intensity of his didactic purpose is recognized in his prologues, "digressions," and conclusions, its consistent influence in the scientific portions of the poem has yet to be appreciated. The story of the plague concluding Book 6 is now widely accepted as a valid expression of Epicureanism, aptly interpreted by Gerhard Miller as a final test for the reader;2 but much of the preparation for that test throughout Book 6 has remained unnoticed. Even A. S. Cox,3 who understood that Lucretius' overriding purpose was to combat fear and that the last book does this by revealing the universal operation of natural law, could see only idle scientific curiosity, e.g., in the long discussion of the magnet. Although the author of De rerum natura could not have lacked disinterested scientific curiosity, it would be surprising that he should indulge it particularly in connection with the topics of Book 6, topics which Epicureans considered worth studying only to secure peace of mind by eliminating mythology.4 The present paper will show that the contents of Book 6 are not determined by a rambling curiosity, but largely by the design of leading the reader to an attitude of philosophical detachment.


Crisis learning is critical for ensuring that better actions are taken for an impending or a future crisis. Learning from past epidemics enables public health authorities to assess aspects of the overall response system to improve the system. Moreover, learning during a crisis makes it possible to develop an approach to address unique and rapidly evolving epidemic situations. In this study, the literature was reviewed, and interviews were conducted with a director of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and a regulatory manager of a multinational medical equipment company. On the basis of that research, this article examines how crisis learning has facilitated a South Korean disease control agency's surveillance of infectious diseases and its development of in vitro diagnosis kits. Those kits enabled qualified private health providers to diagnose COVID-19 infections in cooperation with multiple partners in the early period of the outbreak response. The agency's learning from a past epidemic crisis, shared sense-making, and proactive efforts helped the nation to flatten the curve of the numbers of the confirmed cases in a short period of time. This study provides insights for national public health authorities tackling infectious disease outbreaks.


1. The Mathematical Framework of the Third Five-Year Plan 2. Alternative Numerical Models of the Third Five-Year Plan of India 3. An Outline of a Method for Programme Evaluation 4. The Use of Shadow Prices in Programme Evaluation 5. Choice Elements in Intemporal Planning 6. Capital Formation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis 7. An Approach to a Multi-Sectoral Intemporal Planning Model 8. A Simple Optimising Planning Model 9. An Appraisal of Alternative planning Models 10. The Existence of an Optimum Savings Programme


To obtain high bit and high track densities, fabrication of thin film magnetic recording heads has been studied by a number of companies.) This paper describes a newly developed method for fabricating layered type, multi-turn, multi-track thin film inductive heads with a central tap by using photolithographic and thin film deposition techniques.


The article is a slightly edited reproduction of Paolo Sylos Labini's 1962 testimony at the "Commission on the limits to competition" of the Italian Parliament. Sylos Labini recalls here his oligopoly theory, but he also extends his remarks to a full range of necessary structural reforms for Italy at the time. Keywords : structural reforms, Italy, Sylos Labini JEL codes : L13, D43, G30


To meet the requirements of the "three Repensent's ", the Party school should strengthen its education of the officials who are Party members, improve the teaching of such courses as Party and government administration, economic management and law. The Party school, therefore, should, taking the "Three Represent's" as a guide, study the orientation and aim of the Party school education, get to know the contradictions in development, deepen the reform of education and teaching and make great efforts to explore new ways to train officials.


Simple Summary For reliable detection of canine parainfluenza virus 5, a duplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay using the viral L gene and canine 16S rRNA primers and probe sets was developed in this study. The assay has high analytical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Clinical evaluation results showed that diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was higher than that of the previous HN gene-specific assay and comparable to that of the previous N gene-specific assay. Furthermore, canine 16S rRNA was stably amplified by the assay in clinical samples, allowing for the avoidance of false negative results. These results suggested that the L gene-specific assay will be a promising tool for the rapid diagnosis and control of canine parainfluenza virus 5 in dogs. Abstract A duplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (dqRT-PCR) assay was successfully developed to simultaneously detect canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV5) and a canine endogenous internal positive control (EIPC) in canine clinical samples. Two sets of primers and probes for the CPIV5 L and canine 16S rRNA genes were included in the dqRT-PCR assay to detect CPIV and monitor invalid results throughout the qRT-PCR process. The developed dqRT-PCR assay specifically detected CPIV5 but no other canine pathogens. Furthermore, 16S rRNA was stably amplified by dqRT-PCR assay in all samples containing canine cellular materials. The assay's sensitivity was determined as below ten RNA copies per reaction, with CPIV5 L gene standard RNA and 1 TCID50/mL with the CPIV5 D008 vaccine strain, which was 10-fold higher than that of the previous HN gene-specific qRT-PCR (HN-qRT-PCR) assays and was equivalent to that of the previous N gene-specific qRT-PCR (N-qRT-PCR) assays, respectively. Moreover, the Ct values of the CPIV5-positive samples obtained using the dqRT-PCR assay were lower than those obtained using the previous HN- and N-qRT-PCR assays, indicating that the diagnostic performance of the dqRT-PCR assay was superior to those of previous HN- and N-qRT-PCR assays. The calculated Cohen's kappa coefficient values (95% confidence interval) between dqRT-PCR and the HN- or N-specific qRT-PCR assays were 0.97 (0.90–1.03) or 1.00 (1.00–1.00), respectively. In conclusion, the newly developed dqRT-PCR assay with high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability will be a promising diagnostic tool for the detection of CPIV5 in clinical samples and useful for etiological and epidemiological studies of CPIV5 infection in dogs.


Objective: To investigate the effect of delayed preconditioning induced by Sini decoction on cardiac function in rats after myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) and the possible mechanism. Methods: SD rats were divided into four groups: control, sham ,I/R, and Sini decoction(SND) pretreatment. The rats in I/R group underwent ischemia for 1 hour by classic artery ligation and reperfusion for 1 hour. The rats in SND group were pretreated with Sini decoction (5 g/kg·d) for three days, the last treatment was pretreated 24h before the index occlusion. The left cardiac function was evaluated. Heart shock protein 70 (HSP 70) mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR and HSP 70 protein expression in myocardium was checked by immunohistochemistry. Results: Cardiac function was significantly improved and both the mRNA level and protein expression of HSP70 were up-regulated in Sini decoction pretreated rats compared with those of I/R group rats. Conclusion: Sini decoction pretreatment can protect cardiac function against the damage caused by MI/R by inducing delayed preconditioning, with a mechanism closely related to induce expression of HSP70.


We report on the development of a thin-disk based multipass amplifier operating at 1 kHz repetition rate. The chirped pulse amplifier delivers 600mJ pulses before compression. A Joule-class laser source with sub-ps pulse durations is currently under construction using further amlplifier stages. © 2019 The Author(s)


Silvia Bezzone graduated in chemical engineering from Turin Polytechnic. After a short period in the field of design and chemical and textile processes, in 2000 she moved to the jewellery industry. Her current field of responsibility is to produce semifinished items made from precision and continuous casting, with relevant wax production departments and test labs to check the metals. She has taken part in numerous national and international conventions, including as speaker. Since 2012 she has been teaching further education courses for the precious metal working industry, dealing in the casting of precious metals at the For.al institute, Valenza.


Abstract. The late Jurassic Tongshankou and Yinzu plutons in southeast Hubei have been investigated for their contrasting metal mineralization features. The former is closely associated with porphyry Cu‐Mo mineralization, while the latter is barren of metal mineralization, althouth both are located very close to each other. The Tongshankou granodiorite porphyries and the Yinzu granodiorites are geochemically similar to adakites, e.g., high Al2O3 and Sr contents and La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, enriched in Na2O, depleted in Y and Yb, very weak Eu anomalies and positive Sr anomalies. However, different geochemi‐cal characteristics exist between the two plutons: the Tongshankou adakitic rocks (1) are relatively enriched in SiO2, K2O, MgO, Cr, Ni, and Sr and depleted in Y and Yb; (2) have higher degree REE differentiation; (3) have positive Eu anomalies in contrast with very weak negative or unclear Eu anomalies in the Yinzu rocks; and (4) isotopically have relatively higher ePNd(t) values (‐5.19 to ‐5.38) and lower initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7060 to 0.7062), while the Yinzu adakitic rocks have relatively lower ePNd(t) values (‐7.22 to ‐8.67) and higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7065 to 0.7074).


The currant process of technological development, toghether with the gradual Liberation and the globalization of telecommunications opens a new chapter for the sector in Liguria that deeans an in depth revision of the effects of the lack of regulation on telecommunications, the new circumstances provided by the liberation of the market and the partial privatization of the services.. the purpose of this paper is not to include the complex scene that is described for telecommunications in Liguria but to present itself ss a starting point for a debate by wich the strategic role assumed by telecommunications will by settled within the current process of development end transformation wich the region has experienced.


By establishing the system model of moving-base alignment velocity match, the factors that influenced the transfer alignment were analyzed, such as lever arm effect, flexible vibrations, etc. The off-line simulation was made using the navigation data sampled from the trial in sigmoid flying. It is concluded that alignment precision satisfies the performance requirements, that is level 1′, azimuth 6′, platform-drift 0.02 (°)/h, and alignment time 15 min. The simulation result shows the scheme proposed satisfies the system performance and is practicable.


In this paper, we present a design model of permanent magnet generator dedicated to generate renewable energy, taking in account of several systemic and physical constraints. Being couple to a model of the losses of the power chain and to a model of the mass of the generator, this analytic model puts a problem of conjoined optimization of the recovered energy and the cost of the generator. This problem is solved by genetic algorithms method.


This article puts forward the new research methodology during establishing evaluation index system of industrial manufacturing system competence in He Bei .Firstly, we establish a set of the primary evaluating Index system. Secondly,we assess and screen these Indexes. At lastly ,we determine the final evaluating Index system.The Index system is more objective in this way.


An experimental study of a 3-cm diameter ring-cusp ion thruster using xenon as a propellant is described. The laboratory model is the thruster with the designed thrust of 20 mN and specific impulse of 3800 sec at the exhaust beam energy of 1.2 keV. The thruster is influenced by a magnetic configuration in a discharge chamber and an ion extraction assembly. The behavior of a discharge plasma in a ring-cusp magnetic field is of principal interest. It is also of importance for the interpretation of experiments. 11 references.


This paper presents the research method applied to the "Archaeological Map of Italy—Forma Italiae" project, comprising to date the Ager Venusinus project (completed) and the Ager Lucerinus project (ongoing). The idea of an Archaeological Map of Italy dates back to 1889 when by Royal degree the "Bureau for an Archeological Map of Italy" was created. Many decades later, with the advent of information technology and satellite observing systems (GPS) a "new era" of archaeological mapping began and the "Forma Italiae", thanks to these technological developments, began to develop the first Territorial Information System of archaeological matter in Italy. Between 1989 and 1992, studies and experiments were carried out on automatic systems for the acquisition, calculation and management of archaeological data relating to the Carta Archeologica d'Italia (Forma Italiae). Our project sought to put together many experiences, including some from the past, as part of a ministerial initiative resulting in the establishment of a committee; furthermore, it sought to extend the discussion that for many years concerned primarily academic institutions to the sectors dealing with protection and archeological prevention. Though it has been designed for prevention and protection, it simultaneously serves as the basic instrument for understanding and enhancement of the cultural resources of the territory. In discussions about preventive archaeology and about the so-called "archaeological risk", it is very useful to create a databank of the known archaeological heritage. For this purpose, a computerized system for data management was used, composed of a GIS platform associated with an alphanumeric archive and designed soon to become a web GIS.


Abstract : Soldiers conducting ground operations must visually detect various dynamic and static threats. While enemy utilization of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) is a constant danger, there is also the requirement to detect the insurgent sniper threat. The U.S. Army has long identified enemy sniper activity as one of great importance to both our individual soldier's survivability and unit operational effectiveness. Specifically, the soldier's visual system and perceptual skills are immediately tasked with categorizing both the environment and any detected threat. This study utilized game engine technology to assess the ability to train subjects in visual target acquisition within a complex virtual environment. The prevalence of computer games within the training realm requires study as to the game engine's ability to support current operations and soldier training. The study's results determined that training improved a subject's target Hit Rate percentage 29% (p=.0001), in comparison to the control group, when presented scenes of increased difficulty. Historically, military-themed computer games have succeeded in providing strategic training value. This study indicates that military-themed computer games also assist with individual soldier skills training.


The low-voltage efficiency of the blue-emitting phosphor, cerium activated yttrium silicate (Y1 mCem)2SiO5, has been improved by co-activating with gadolinium, (Y1 m nCemGdn)2SiO5. Gd 3+ improves the efficiency by transferring energy to Ce, and makes this phosphor a more promising candidate for low-voltage field emission flat panel displays. Low-voltage cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence measurements were made to determine the optimum concentrations of Gd that yielded the most luminous efficient phosphor. For photoluminescence, Ce most efficiently luminesces at the excitation wavelength lex 1⁄4 358 nm. Co-activating with Gd 3+ did not improve the photoluminescent efficiency because Gd does not absorb at Ce excitation energy, and thus cannot transfer energy. For low-voltage cathodoluminescence, co-activating with Gd did improve the efficiency since Gd was sufficiently excited, with the optimum composition found to be (Y0.8425Ce0.0075Gd0.15)2SiO5. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 78.55. m; 78.60. b


One of purposes of this study was to describe the solution profile of the junior high school students for the PISA adaptation test. The procedures conducted by researchers to achieve this objective were (1) adapting the PISA test, (2) validating the adapting PISA test, (3) asking junior high school students to do the adapting PISA test, and (4) making the students' solution profile. The PISA problems for mathematics could be classified into four areas, namely quantity, space and shape, change and relationship, and uncertainty. The research results that would be presented in this paper were the result test for quantity, and change and relationship problems. In the adapting PISA test, there were fifteen questions that consist of two questions for the quantity group, six questions for space and shape group, three questions for the change and relationship group, and four questions for uncertainty. Subjects in this study were 18 students from 11 junior high schools in Yogyakarta, Central Java, and Banten. The type of research that used by the researchers was a qualitative research. For the first quantity problem, there were 38.89 % students who achieved level 3. For the second quantity problem, there were 88.89 % students who achieved level 2. For part a of the first change and relationship problem, there were 55.56 % students who achieved level 5. For part b of the first change and relationship problem, there were 77.78 % students who achieved level 2. For the second change and relationship problem, there were 38.89 % students who achieved level 2.


Several authors investigated the properties which are invariant under the passage from a group to its nonabelian tensor square. In the present note we study this problem from the viewpoint of the classes of groups and the methods allow us to prove a result of invariance for some geometric properties of discrete groups.


Source code summarization is a process of generating summaries that describe software code, the majority of source code summarization usually generated manually, where the summaries are written by software developers. Recently, new automated approaches are becoming more useful. These approaches have been found to be effective in some cases. The main weaknesses of these approaches are that they never exploit code dependencies and summarize either the software classes or methods but not both. This paper proposes a source code summarization approach (Suncode) that produces a short description for each class and method in the software system. To validate the approach, it has been applied to several case studies. Moreover, the generated summaries are compared to summaries that written by human experts and to summaries that written by a state-of-the-art solution. Results of this paper found that Suncode summaries provide better information about code dependencies comparing with other studies. In addition, Suncode summaries can improve and support the current software documentation. The results found that manually written summaries were more precise and short as well.


This case study demonstrates how extra effort on data acquisition can beneficiate advanced interpretation of 3D GPR data over a complex Roman site situated in a semi-urban area. Two 250 MHz surveys during May 2007 and July 2008 were accomplished after Roman wall remains had been found by chance during soil remove works at Agro da Ponte (Lugo, NW Spain). First campaign covered the whole area by using a pseudo-3D strategy which was only enough for defining the areas of interest and some archaeological features. According to those results, next campaign was focused on a smaller area and based on an ultra-dense grid strategy which eventually revealed full-resolution images of walls, apses and chambers of a Roman villa.


A total of 92 patients aged over scheduled for lobectomy patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and follow-up observations. The values of first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) (%) and diffusing capacity of CO (DLco) for 14 patients with intra/postoperative cardiopulmonary complications were lower than those of 78 complication-free counterparts. And ECG exercise test load was significantly higher than those without complications.

Key words:
Pneumonectomy; Exercise test


Anthropo-entomophagy has been practiced since pre-Hispanic times and today it is still preserved in certain places in Mexico. In addition, indigenous societies recognise the importance of insect co...


A design of dual loop wide-range clock data recovery circuit for multi-channel transmitter-receiver is proposed. This paper presents a delay line to prevent the increase of jitter in recovered data when the input data is wide-range, which is used greatly in multichannel transmitter-receivers. Proposed Clock and Data Recovery Circuit (CDR) frequency is 200Mbps-4Gbps, the delay steps in the proposed delay line is 7ps-12ps. Designed CDR is tested with 0.18µm CMOS process.


Information or content extraction from image is crucial task for obtaining text in natural scene images. The problem arise due to variation in images contains differential object to explore values like, background filling, saturation ,color etc. text projections from different styles varies the essential information which is for wrong understand for detecting characters.so detection of region text need more accuracy to identify the exact object. To consider this problem, to propose a multi-objective feature for text detection and localization based on skeletonized text bound box region of text confidence score. This contributes the intra edge detection, segmentation along skeleton of object reflective. the impact of multi-objective region selection model (MSOR) is to recognize the exact character of style matches using the bounding box region analysis which is to identify the object portion to accomplish the candidate extraction model.To enclose the text region localization of text resolution and hazy image be well identified edge smoothing quick guided filter methods. Further the region are skeletonized to morphing the segmented region of inter segmentation to extract the text.


1. Vasodilatation of the tongue is produced by the spinal parasympathetic.

2. The spinal parasympathetic vasodilator fibres for the tongue arise from the VIII. cervical and I. thoracic segments through their dorsal roots. Sometimes the VII. cervical segment is also involved. The centres for the vasoconstrictors of the tongue seem to extend much more widely.

3. These vasodilator fibres pass for the most part through the posterior crus of the Ansa of Vieussens.

4. This vasodilator effect is not interrupted by the application of 2 per cent. nicotine solution to the superior cervical ganglion.


In this article we investigate the use of time distributions in retrieval tasks. Specifically, we introduce a novel term selection method, namely Term Occurrence Uniformity (TOU), based on the hypothesis that terms which occur uniformly in time are more valuable than others. Our empirical evaluation so far has neither proved nor disproved this hypothesis. However, results are promising and suggest the need for a deeper theoretical and empirical investigation. Our current concern is filtering, but this line of research may easily be extended to other retrieval tasks which involve temporally-dependent data.


In Romania, the risk of a fire occurring within a building is determined in a very conservative manner, as a function of the building occupancy type and the thermal load contained within each enclosure. The result is a qualitative expression of low, moderate or high fire risk. On the other hand, the fire is a serious hazard which has to be taken into account within the decision-making process by any organisation for the elaboration of their risk assessments and the risk management strategies. Nevertheless, the one carrying out a fire risk assessment has a various range of methods and techniques to apply, [1, 2] since the legislation does not specifically require a certain approach. This article is an example study of the application of Bayesian statistics to determine the probability of a fire occurring within an office building, due to an electrical fault.


High-quality crystalline FeSe is successfully synthesized in 5 min by an electrochemical deposition technique via increasing the solution temperature. The synthesis of FeSe have been controlled by ...


Anodic oxide films on aluminium have been found to be electrets. The direction of the associated electric field implies a distribution of fixed negative charges within the oxide.


A Nigerian culture is gradually evolving by virtue of the forces of culture formation functioning. What is difficult to predict is the nature of the value system that this culture will generate and transmit. But there is division among Nigerian literary critics concerning the kind of culture they wish to see consolidate in Nigeria. Some think that a modern Nigeria based on the heritage of colonialism will yield an inauthentic culture or a hybrid situation, which is as undesirable, whereas an authentic culture ought to be African. Others demand of literature to 'show the light', by providing models of probity in political life and inclusiveness and tolerance in social culture, and further to project an ideology of commitment to integrated national development. In a market economy, however, a vast range of forces of social change interact in culture generation, and no single one of these forces can alone by itself determine the shape and tenor of values marking a culture. Both scholarly attitudes in respect to a Nigerian culture, moreover, have strong echoes of what Friedrich Nietzsche calls ressentiment. In this paper, we shall explore the distrust frequently encountered in literary studies towards the evolving culture in Nigeria using this analytic of ressentiment. Literary scholarship exercises direct and indirect influence on the evolution of culture, but it is the latter that is of greater concern here, namely the orientation it presses upon literary creativity and the way in which it influences perception of the emerging culture in the wider world. Introduction Human life within stable political and geographical boundaries and stable conditions over time inevitably leaves a trail, which may, and usually develops to regular patternsand shared knowledge that in turn shape and give meaning to actions going forward. That, undoubtedly, is the case with Nigeria, a country constituted by a political act of the British colonizing authority in 1914, bringing together peoples of different cultures, histories, religions, and different levels of exposure to world cultural movements. From this point then, work with a future orientation and play – competitive and diversionary,political institutions open to direct and indirect participation, along with all the other social forces and human activities interplaying – religion, trade, production and consumption of goods and services, exchanges of shared meanings and interpersonal circulation of symbol systems under basically one legal systemtogether begin to accumulate, so to speak, a national history. Thereby, a Nigerian culture is evolving and taking shape.However, thisconcept, Nigerian culture, does not often appear in the VS Publications Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal(ACIELJ) Impact Factor:4.401(SJIF)An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal www.acielj.com Vol-3,Issue-2 ,2020 ISSN:2581-6500 ___________________________________________________________________________ Alford Council of Interantional English & Literature Journal(ACIELJ) Copyright VS Publications Page 47 writings and research of Nigerian literary critics, even though culture is an issue of great moment in the tradition of criticism dominant in Nigeria, which is basically humanism. More commonly culture is thought of as what pertains to the individual ethnic nationalities that make up the country, or of Africa itself. We read, for instance, in the following passage extolling Chinua Achebe's achievement: What Achebe revealed about Art, Culture and the Nation are thoughtprovoking. His literary works not only reveal the Igbo cosmovision to the world but also show that culture has its own flaws which Achebe did not occlude. That also endeared him to the world. We cannot underestimate the value Achebe projected of Igbo culture in particular and African culture in general. (Esther Ugwu 94) Nigeria appears not to be in focus in Ugwu's discussion of culture here. A possible reason for this is the tendency to think of culture as a system constituted within a past domain, perhaps belonging to the time of the foundation of the group, a 'depositum', according to Paul Ricoeur (27),that is handed on, to which the present relates in absolute loyalty, instead of a system that forms a people who in living it and carrying it forward remake, adapt, and restructure it in line with the realities of the present. There is need not only to reopen and rethink settled attitudes towards culture in the context of modern Africa, but also to examine the impact of the conscious and mostly indeliberate pressures exerted by the scholar community on culture formation. CultureLooking Back There are specific functions in human life that are usually associated with culture and culture production. These include education, popular festivals, mass and social media, political activities and projections of power, religious belief and practice, use of technology, fashion, film and video – treated by Walter Benjamin as the art of 'the distracted'(239) – incontrast to the old forms traditionally celebrated, namely music, painting, sculpture, and literature, both 'highbrow', as Arnold Kettle calls it (202), and 'middle-brow' which, according to him, 'not to beat about the bush is inferior literature adapted to the special tastes and needs of the middle class and of those who consciously or not adopt the values of that class' (96).A common marking of middleclass literature is thus the attempt 'to reproduce their own attitude to life upon the stage' or in the pages of the novel (158), which becomes a standard for 'critical' judgement of the work. On both sides, where literature is concerned, it is often the 'middle-brow' variety, the one more widely consumed, that is more immediately influential, whereas the highbrow which is normally where criticism focuses tends to be more longterm and indirectin its impact, as it is the matter for criticism of which the knowledge circulates among specialists, gradually spreading and trickling down and building up the intellectual tradition. In the case of Nigeria, of course, the commencement of the political entity has a known date; and in the logic of one like Ezidemili in Chinua Achebe's Arrow of God, a Nigerian culture could hardly stand since there are pre-existing ethnic ones. VS Publications Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal(ACIELJ) Impact Factor:4.401(SJIF)An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal www.acielj.com Vol-3,Issue-2 ,2020 ISSN:2581-6500 ___________________________________________________________________________ Alford Council of Interantional English & Literature Journal(ACIELJ) Copyright VS Publications Page 48 For this chief priestof the Idemili deity demonstrates the superiority of Idemili to Ulu, the common deity of Umuaro clan,by referencing the fact that 'Ulu was made by our fathers long ago. But Idemili was there at the beginning of things' (45).Thus as has been mentioned, for many it is easier to reference the culture of an ethnic group or even – with much less clarity, African culture, than the culture of a state created under colonialism. All the same, a Nigerian culture has been evolving since colonial times.Hence some language scholars have been able to make out a Nigerian English; others discuss Nigerian politics (political culture), Nigerian attitudes to the rule of law, Nigerian video, Nigerian political economy, and Nigerian music. With regard to literature, it has been handed on for decades in Nigeria's critical circles that African and Nigerian literatures, if attentive to social realities and indicate the direction society should go, the result should be a society that is more humane, more orderly, more equal and just, more tolerant and more germane to individual self-actualization, a society, in short, that is compliant and reflective of middle-class values. (Needless to mention that the middle class characterized by these values is of Western pedigree.) A work like Gabriel Okara's The Voicehas been presented as a kind of model of literature portraying the above vales. The concluding remarks of Albert Ashaolu's review of the work highlights this: Recent events in various African societies demonstrate that there are still some 'Izongos' (or Zongologos) and 'Abadis' (or Ambadis) who will stop at nothing to muffle the voice of legitimate dissent and to stifle the Okolos who are committed to social reform and justice. Okolo may have been drowned, and the river may be flowing 'smoothly over (his dead body) as if nothing had happened,' but his soul keeps marching on in Amatu. The Okolos in the Nigerian society may be hunted down as if by falconers, but, as the demonstrated optimism at the end of The Voice suggests, the struggle continues. (117) But Okolo himself had asked, 'What is he himself trying to reach?' (The Voice 112) – nota negligible question. Without clarity on this point, Okolo may look like a busybody or even a trouble maker to be going about enquiring of citizens if they have got it.But there is reason to believe that the question is worth asking, and that it demands to be asked, even if no final answer may be forthcoming, as it is tied to what Karl Jaspers calls 'the question of the value and meaning of existence', whereby 'man does not seem to become really serious until he faces it' (333). What Okolo is raising in The Voice is the question of truth. His asking it, moreover, says something about his quality of soul. Hence he has been called a philosopher in the criticism; and this comes out precisely in not being defeated by his inability to answer his own question about goals and purposes, and instead asking it of others, because he is desirous to learn. He is teachable, then – an entailment of what the Greeks called sophrosunē(moderation). We can thus contrast him to Chief Izongo, the absolute ruler of his community, whose traits are contrary to the movements of philosophy, as he quite fits the descriptio


Stresroak is a herbal preparation from combination of Phyllatus emblica, Ocimum sanctum, ® Withania, somnifera, Mangefira indica and Shilajit species. The Ayurvedic drug is used as anti-stress, immunomodulator, adaptogen and performance enhancer in poultry management. with outstanding results. The toxicological effects of prolonged administration of Stresroak in grower Cockerels was evaluated using haematological parameters and serum biochemical assay. Sixty growing Cockerels were used in this study. The birds were randomly but equally divided into 5 groups. Birds in groups A, B, C and D were administered with 109.8mg 292.8mg, 585.6mg and 951.6mg of the drug dissolved in 2 litres of distilled water, daily for 60 days respectively. While the dose of group A was recommended by the drug manufacturer, the birds in group E were administered with 0.9% Physiological saline. The haematological parameters analyzed were total red blood cell (RBC) count, total white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), platelets count and heterophil/lymphocytes ratio. Plasma enzymes and proteins analyzed were total proteins (T.P), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), fibrinogen (FIB), total bilirubin (T.Bil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT). Stresroak generally improved haematological parameters in chicken administered with the drug when compared with the chicken in the control group. The significant (P<0.05) increase in total RBC and WBC counts and MCH both at 30 and 60 days post-administration especially for the therapeutic dose, show that Stresroak probably ® enhances erythropoiesis. Lower heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was observed for the groups that received the highest doses of Stresroak and this was consistent throughout the course of the experiment, which implies ® that the herbal preparation improved the immunity of the chicken. The plasma levels of total protein, globulin, albumin and fibrinogen increased dose-dependently both at 30 and 60 days postStresroak administration. ® The plasma levels of ALP and AST were significantly lowered while non-significant changes were observed for plasma levels of ALT and GGT at 30 days postStresroak administration. Conversely, by 60 days post® Stresroak administration, the plasma levels of ALT and GGT were significantly (P<0.05) elevated except in ® cockerels in group A that received the recommended therapeutic dosage; where the plasma levels was observed to be lower for ALP (P<0.05) and AST (P>0.05). Histopathological findings did not however reveal any damage to the liver or kidney. It was concluded that Stresroak exhibits haematinic, hepato-protective and ® immune stimulation properties and is safest at its recommended therapeutic dose as it was found to have potential tendency to cause hepatic injury when administered for longer period and at higher dosages.


To find out the persistence feature of Clomazone (50 EC), recently introduced in India was applied in paddy field, 3-5 days after transplantation of paddy. The study was conducted at BCKV farm, Mohanpur, Nadia during August to November, 2012. Clomazone 50 % EC was applied on paddy @ 1000 ml/ha and 2000 ml/ha along with untreated control. Cropped soil and plant samples were extracted separately with ethyl acetate: acetone (8:2 v/v) and subsequently the extract were cleaned up by using PSA, C & GCB. Then the extract was filtered and analysed in GC-MS/MS. The recovery percentage was ranged between 86-95% 18 -1 with LOQ 20 ngg for all matrices. Following first order kinetics, the half-life of clomazone was found in ranges 0.91-1.13 days for cropped soil and 2.04 days for paddy plant respectively. From this study it was proved beyond doubt that Clomazone may not create any residual toxicity problem.


Although the projective schools of psychology have contributed much to the study of the artist and his work, we still have come little closer, despite their efforts, to obtaining an explanation of artistic creation that is any more satisfying than the vague Socratic dictum of "poetic madness." With the advent of the psychoanalytic school, at the turn of the century, the artist seemed about to give up his secrets to an inductive analysis of human behavior; but so uncritically did the orthodox analyst accept the theory of sublimation, that in the end we were left with the artist's genealogy instead of gaining what originally promised to be a richer interpretation of his creative method. The experimentally minded psychologist, for his part, still views the artist's inspired moments with misgiving and disdainfully passes it off as an unsuitable project for the laboratory because of its elusive nature. Were we to study the diary notes, letters and biographies of the artists for clues to the creative process, w...


A dual action cycle exerciser providing for exercising movement of the arms and legs using rotating pedals (72, 74) and oscillating handlebar levers (80, 82). Connecting rods (90, 92) linking the handlebar levers and the pedals are journalled about the pedal axes (76, 78), resulting in a simplified construction affording beneficial exercise results, improved access to the seat (30) of the cycle exerciser, and easier initiation of exercise movement.


This paper investigates the spectral properties of Jacobi matrices with limit-periodic coefficients. We show that for a residual set of such matrices, the spectrum is a Cantor set of zero Lebesgue measure, and the spectral measures are purely singular continuous. For a dense set of limit-periodic Jacobi matrices we can strengthen the result and show that the spectrum is a Cantor set of zero lower box counting dimension, and hence in particular of zero Hausdorff dimension, while still retaining the singular continuity of the spectral type. We also show how results of this nature can be established by fixing the off-diagonal coefficients and varying only the diagonal coefficients, and, in a more restricted version, by fixing the diagonal coefficients to be zero and varying only the off-diagonal coefficients. We apply these results to produce examples of weighted Laplacians on the multidimensional integer lattice having purely singular continuous spectral type and zero-dimensional spectrum.


The malmetabolism of plasma (Hcy) leads to hyperhomocysteinemia. The latter is an independent risk factor in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), so the exact link between Hcy and vulnerable plaque and drug therapy is being increasingly recognised. This article reviews the effects of Hcy on atherosclerosis and CAD by multiple cellular molecular mechanisms such as proinflammative factors, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum, and immune reaction.


OBJECTIVE
To detect the trans-factors specifically binding to the strong enhancer element (GPEI) in the upstream of rat glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P) gene.

METHODS
Yeast one-hybrid system was used to screen rat lung MATCHMAKER cDNA library to identify potential trans-factors that can interact with core sequence of GPEI(cGPEI). Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to analyze the binding of transfactors to cGPEI.

RESULTS
cDNA fragments coding for the C-terminal part of the transcription factor c-Jun and rat adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) were isolated. The binding of c-Jun and ANT to GPEI core sequence were confirmed.

CONCLUSIONS
Rat c-jun transcriptional factor and ANT may interact with cGPEI. They could play an important role in the induced expression of GST-P gene.


Complexation of water by chlorophyll molecules in natural photosynthetic processes is a matter of great interest. In the present work the influence of water on a model porphyrin, magnesium 2,7,12,1...


We carry out the molecular statics simulations of depinning of an edge dislocation at voids of diameters of the order of ~1 nm. We show that the dislocation-void interactions are non-trivial as the applied shear load is found to enhance the pinning strength of the nanovoid itself. This leads to the surprising observation of multiple CRSS values for a given nanovoid.


Decorator design pattern is a well known pattern that allows dynamical attachment of additional functionality to an object. Decorators have been proposed as flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality. Still, the Decorator pattern has certain limitations, especially related to the fact that in its classical form it is constrained to a single interface, which is implicitly defined by the type of the concrete components that we intend to decorate. Another problem associated to the Decorator pattern is related to the linear composition of the decorations, which could lead to problems in accessing the newly added responsibilities. In this context, the paper presents variants of the Decorator pattern: MixDecorator and D2Decorator, and a variant specific only to C++ language based on templates - HybridDecorator. MixDecorator could be considered a new enhanced version of the Decorator pattern that eliminates some constraints of the Decorator pattern, but also it could be used as a base of a general extension mechanism. The main advantage of using MixDecorator is that it allows direct access to all newly added responsibilities, and so, we may combine different interface-responsibilities (newly added public methods) and operate with them directly and in any order, hiding the linear composition of the decorations. D2Decorator is a variant based on a double-dispatch mechanism. The C++ metaprogramming mechanism based on templates allows an interesting hybrid variant of the Decorator - HybridDecorator, which mixes on-demand defined inheritance with composition. Using these variants of the Decorator pattern we are not longer limited to one single interface; the set of the messages that could be sent to an object could be enlarged, and so, we may consider that using them, we can dynamically change the type of objects.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to integrate the Bolman and Deal's (2017) Four Frames of Reframing Organizations with the Mayfield and Mayfield (2018) Motivating Language Theory so that those who lead organizations can better do so and those who guide the improvement and development of organizations can better prepare organizational managers/leaders.

Design/methodology/approach
Through the fusion of the Four-Frames Assumptions and Motivating Language Categorical Forms into one integration table, linkages and connections between the two frameworks are identified.

Findings
The findings of this work provide a "voice" to the Four Frames of Reframing Organizations and extend the field Motivating Language Theory as the medium of leader praxis.

Research limitations/implications
The implications for researchers are new opportunities for research and teaching.

Practical implications
The implications for those in the field are new opportunities for leader development and training leading to improved outcomes for employees and organizations.

Originality/value
This is the first integration of the Four-Frames and Motivating Language Theory extending and enriching both fields.


Although there has been much progress over the years, students learning computer organizations and programming languages are usually still working with the computer through several layers of confusion and delay. Highly responsive interactive computer systems have recently become available which make it possible to create dynamic instructional models of computer organizations and programming languages. With proper development of these systems, such models can economically be used to give the student a more vivid experience with the computing machine and a more vital means of learning to program. Models of computer organization can allow the student to "see" the inner workings of a computing machine as it executes an instruction or a program which has been entered mnemonically at the assembly language level. Models of higher level programming languages can provide the student with constant "help" by presenting alternatives, checking acceptability of inputs, supplying amplifications of correct inputs, displaying syntactic structures to be completed, and prompting him as necessary at any point. Such models should also help provide a more productive environment for accomplished programmers to develop and debug programs. Exploratory models of each of these types have been implemented on a small interactive computer system to demonstrate these techniques.


A high-performance electrical grid network requires rigorous control of its characteristic quantities in steady state and transient conditions. A static compensator (STATCOM) is a control system used to adjust the voltage of a busbar where it is connected; in addition, it controls the transit of active power by the injection or the absorption of the reactive power. In this paper, we presented the so-called DPC method for the STATCOM control as well as the simulation results on the Matlab-simulink software and the practical results with the dSpace DS 1104 control board experimental.


Jeff Mann chafes against a world that would pigeonhole people into mutually exclusive categories. Mann was born in Clifton Forge, Virginia, and reared in Covington, Virginia, and Hinton, West Virginia. He earned undergraduate degrees in English and forestry, along with an MA in English, from West Virginia University. Mann lived briefly in Washington, DC, and since 1989 has taught Appalachian literature, LGBTQ literature, and creative writing at Virginia Tech....


The invention provides an expansion module for expanding a single node to connect with peripheral equipment, which comprises a shell, a main circuit board, a Riser transfer card, a standard expansion card and a compatible device, wherein the shell is a hollow cylinder of which the front and the back are respectively provided with an opening; the main circuit board is provided with a 16x-peripheral component interface express (16xPCIE) standard interface, and is fixed at the inner side of the bottom wall of the shell; the riser transfer card is arranged in the shell and is connected with the PCIE standard interface; the standard expansion card is spliced onto the riser transfer card; the compatible device is provided with a through hole for the information transmission end of a standard card to pass through; the upper end and the lower end of the compatible device are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottom wall and the top cap of the shell. The expansion module for expanding the single node to connect with the peripheral equipment has the capacity of effectively expanding the single node to connect with the peripheral equipment, and is simple and convenient in use.


As an evolving component of concrete, cement paste plays an important role in the mechanical properties of concrete. Cement paste has a random, complex and multi-scale composite structure and has mechanical characteristics that undergo rapid changes at early ages. This paper focuses on the evolution of the elasticity (e.g. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) of cement paste during hydration. The cement hydration model CEMHYD3D was used to capture an accurate cement paste microstructure. This paper proposed a homogenisation method that combined the percolation algorithm with the intrinsic elastic properties of the individual phases of the cement paste. Model results are accordance with experimental data and other numerical results in the literature.


At one place in this complex but engaging and invigorating book Stephan Palmié remarks that until the publication of Sidney Mintz's Sweetness and Power (1985) the questions associated with scholarship on the Caribbean were seen to be on the periphery of anthropological theory. In Palmié's hands, and very much in the spirit of Mintz, the Caribbean is again at the forefront of theory in another way, illustrating in a particularly sharp and challenging fashion the fact that all our subject matter, both of substance—like culture, Santéria, the Yoruba—and of places—Africa, Cuba, Yorubaland—and hence of entities like ''Afro-Cuban religion''—are objectifications. They are all products of what Ian Hacking has called historical ontology; in other words, both the signifiers and their referents are historically constituted. One question to ask about such objectifications concerns their relative solidity and stability. With respect to those under direct discussion within the book, Palmié describes continuous historical change. The fluidity is not merely temporal, but spatial, morphing along shifting boundaries of what is classified as one institution, tradition, or place, rather than another. One of the consequences of this argument is that any attempt at the history of subjects like ''Afro-Cuban religion'' will be trapped in anachronistic terms and concepts, including that of Afro-Cuban religion itself. How then to write history or circumscribe subjects of ethnographic inquiry? It is one of the major pleasures of this book that Palmié does not merely assert all this or wring his hands over it. His subtitle to the contrary, Palmié shows us in fact how to study his subject, delineating historically the processes, networks, events, agents, and conflicts through which Afro-Cuban religion comes to be formulated as it is today and ethnographically how its contemporary manifestations are subject to struggle by various parties. He manages to integrate this serious, deeply scholarly, and wide-ranging historical anthropology seamlessly with an inquisitive, self-reflexive, edgy narrative that ranges