These investigations aimed to achieve a knowledge-orientated evaluation of the basis material in relation to processing by welding and also to establish characteristic values for this. Besides the known determination of classical material characteristics, it is indispensable for the use of high-performance welding methods to know the alloy-specific property profile of the basis and weld filler materials in the context of welding. The ductility characteristics determined in the Gleeble tensile test (in the range of the ZDT) show in particular that the future development of AlMgSi alloys must aim inter alia to reduce the iron content in the alloys, since iron decisively influences the occurrence of grain boundary melting. That this is probably a correct development aim is confirmed by the Gleeble hot tensile tests on the experimental AA60xx alloy which is similar to AA6016 but has a reduced iron content (fig. 12). From the shape of the ductility curve in the area of the ZDT it follows that this alloy shows residual ductility, similarly to the welding filler alloy AlSi12 (see fig. 4). To ensure favourable hardening behaviour comparable to that of AA6016, the experimental alloy should have a small alloying content of copper, which imparts favourable artificial age-hardening properties. This is necessary, because when the iron content in a AlMgSi alloy is reduced, the number of AlFeSi dispersoids for the hardening Mg2Si phase is reduced. Accordingly, the problem of grain boundary melting in the HAZ assumes particular importance since this has considerable influence on the fatigue strength of laser-welded aluminium materials, and the failure site of laser weld-seams in the Gleeble test is identical to that observed in fatigue strength investigations. Moreover, the results of Gleeble investigations are also particularly significant, for example, for the internal pressure forming of welded structures at high temperatures (as example in superplastic deformation). Knowledge of the local strain profile across the joint area therefore enables better prediction of the alloy's behaviour and the resultant geometrical deviation of the component. The present investigations were carried out within the scope of various projects commissioned by the Bayerische Research Foundation and further research contracts in collaboration with Audi AG (Dept. EG-34 Materials, Processes, Recycling) in Ingolstadt.


This work was initially motivated by a drive to analyse the situation whereby students are now faced with the new legislation affecting all European Universities. The Bologna Declaration on the European space for Higher Education encourages a system of comparable degrees, in order to promote employability and international competitiveness at a European level. English instructors are thereby required to work toward the establishment of specific and uniform criteria, conditions and procedures that enable students to obtain the common required level of proficiency. To this aim, the European Council published a manual, aimed to establish the standardisation of levels and approaches to language teaching. In order to calibrate the students' levels of proficiency, and to approach teaching from a similar perspective, all forty-seven member states were invited to use the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), based on the Communicative Approach. A thorough study of this renowned method is included in the present study, in order to identify the core issues and the theoretical implications it may present for the implementation of the CEFR document.


Objectives: Essential oils (EOs) are valuable natural products whose composition pattern, concentration of individual components and yield depend on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of foliar spray of ethephon, water stress, organic and inorganic fertilizers on the EOs composition of Foeniculum vulgare, Miller, var. Dulce roots. Methods: Automated rapid headspace solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was applied for the extraction of volatile components combined with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry GC/MS for identification of the volatile compounds. Results: forty two volatile components were identified in Foeniculum vulgare, Miller, var. Dulce roots which were dominated by hydrocarbons (55.36%-87.2%) with monoterpenes being the major class of components (53.15%-87.08%) in the six various applied conditions. Dehydro-p-cymene represented the major constituent (55.8%) in the oil of the non-treated control plant while limonene was the major component in both condition 4 and 6 upon applying drought stress, while alpha terpinolene is the major component in conditions 1, 2, 3 and 5 (30.59%, 39.93%, 50.37% and 35.41% respectively) using different organic and inorganic fertilizers. Conclusion: It is concluded that manipulation of agricultural techniques strongly affects biosynthesis and accumulation of essential oils obtained from Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. dulce roots.


Introduction. The article deals with the main tendencies of development of recreational and tourist nature use in the context of ownership rights to natural resources. It should be noted that to date, there is no clear distinction between property rights and the definition of the conditions of possession, disposal and use of recreational and tourist resources as well as methodical provision of valuation, assessment of recreational and tourist resources and determining the amount of damage caused as a result of violations of environmental legislation.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze trends in the development of administrative management of recreational and tourist use in the domestic and international plane. The set goal requires the following tasks: to analyze the ownership of natural resources in Ukraine and in the international aspect; to substantiate the necessity of integrated approach to conducting ecologically oriented entrepreneurial activity in the recreational and tourist area with the definition of the main directions of this activity and the control levers.
Research results. Today, there is no complete interconnection of recreational and tourist use with three spheres - economic, environmental and social, which imposes certain restrictions on maximizing economic revenues from recreational and tourist flows and preventing damage to the natural environment. There are also no methodological recommendations that would take into account the legal factor - the consistency of the socio-ecological and economic factors of recreation and tourism activities with the right to own natural resources. There is no distinction between types of economic activity using the recreational and tourist resource and ownership of this resource, taking into account the privileges and tax provisions of the entrepreneur. At the same time when calculating tax provisions from the introduction of economic activities, only the profit of the enterprise, which is transferred to the state budget, is taken into account, and only the parking fee and resort tax are levied to the local. The fee for the use of natural resources is also not calculated taking into account the activity of the enterprise.
Conclusion. The main gaps in domestic legislation in the field of administrative management of recreational and tourist nature use are determined and directions of its improvement are described. Consequently, the task of administrative management of recreational and tourist nature use is to form an ecologically oriented model of entrepreneurial activity that will be legally sound and economically profitable both for the entrepreneur and for budget replenishment.


We establish a version of Blackwell's (1956) approachability result with discounting. Our main result shows that, for convex sets, our notion of approachability with discounting is equivalent to Blackwell's (1956) approachability. Our proofs are based on a concentration result for probability measures and on the minmax theorem for two-person, zero-sum games. Reference Details 2124 Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2021/12 Cambridge-INET Working Paper Series Published 19 February 2021


Objective:The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α),endothelin 1 (ET 1) from 44 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and 22 of healthy people were studied by radioimmunoassay.Method:Patients were randomized to receive losartan in addition to routine therapy (n=23) or routine therapy only (n=21) for 1 month,with evaluations made before and after treatment.Result:①The serum levels of TNF α and ET 1 of the CHF group were higher than those of the control group (P 0.05 ).②Both of the therapies were effective in improving the symptoms of CHF with no differences between their decrease of NYHA class,but only the patients treated with losartan lowered serum TNF α,ET 1 (P 0.05 ).Conclusion:These findings indicate that TNF α,ET 1 play an important role in the pathophysiologic changes of CHF.Losartan can decrease the levels of TNF α and ET 1.


Haida-VR is a latematuring orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with moderate, temperate climate. The cultivar was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, British Columbia (BC) in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta. In BC trials, Haida-VR yielded 3% more than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 21% better than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Haida-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded 3% better than a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata


The article considers the possibility of determining the success of the small talk. To isolate the analysis tools we describe factors that are important for the characterization of the communication process as a whole, for example, parameters such as speech acts, relevance, etc. We think these same aspects can be applied to the analysis of small talk. Indicators of the success of small talk are the discursive means aimed at the installation of a sense of solidarity among the communicants.


Nephrology has evolved dramatically since its inception. The study of kidney physiology predominated early on, but nephrology became an independent clinical specialty with the advent of dialysis in the 1960s. In its clinical infancy, patient care was delivered primarily in hospitals. However, as the


【Objective】 It has a great practical and theoretical meaning to explore the compensation mechanism resulted from dry-wet alteration water conditions.【Method】Under Agar-PEG conditions,the compensation mechanism of maize root function at root system architecture,C and N metabolism and enzyme defense system were studied.【Result】The results showed that the active root genesis was induced gradually.Under water-stress conditions the root activity reduced.After re-watering,a great deal of new lateral roots and root hairs were induced,the root activity recovered gradually,and compensated or partially compensated the adverse effect induced by water stress.Furthermore,the soluble carbohydrate was rearranged:the percent in root system was obviously higher than that in both water-stress treatment and control.Except for Gly and Ala,the contents of other single amino acid as well as total amino acids in dry-wet alteration treatment were between water-stress treatment and control.It also illustrated that the dry-wet alteration treatment increased both SOD and CAT activity while maintaining a lower O2-and H2O2 content.【Conclusion】 It is concluded that the soluble carbohydrate rearrange mentin root,the increase of Proline and other free amino acids content,new lateral root and root fair initiation,and enzyme defense system optimization may be the mechanism for compensation effect under dry-wet alteration treatment.


Objective To investigate the ankle brachial index(ABI) in the diagnosis of perpheral artery disease(PAD) and its' cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension.MethodsEighty patients with hypertension were detected ABI,with(Japan,OUMULONG VP-1000) automatically atherosclerosis Doppler diagnostic instrument of blood vessel.ABI≤0.9 was used as the diagnostic criteria for PAD identification,and the patients were divided into group PAD(ABI≤0.9) and group non PAD(ABI0.9).Age,hypertension duration,body mass index(BMI) were recorded,at the same time,their fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) were also measured.Blood samples were taken in the morning without breakfast.Results28 patients(35.0%) with abnormal ABI(ABI≤0.9) were detected,12 of them had not been found any symptoms.Group PAD showed significantly older age,longer hypertension duration,much higher serum hs-CRP levels and combined with diabetes increased than group non PAD(P0.01);Group PAD also showed higher serum TG,LDL-C,FBG levels,and combined with coronary heart disease(CHD),smoking patients increased than those in group non PAD(P0.05).ConclusionDetection of ABI could early make the diagnosis of PAD in patients with hypertension,and inflammation reaction exists in PAD patients.Low ABI is independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease.


Aiming at the problem of performance degradation caused by ignoring the softmax score of the wrong class in the training process of the unbalanced data set of Thangka images and the problem of the loss of negative feature information in the propagation process of the ReLU activation function, a new loss calculation method is proposed. Firstly, the parameters of the pre-training model on the COCO data set are used as the initial parameters. Secondly, CE and CCE are used to calculate the loss during the calculation of loss in the back propagation. Finally, AReLU activation function is used and a weight assigned to CE and CCE is added as final loss to update the parameters. The experimental results show that this algorithm improves the convergence speed and accuracy of the model with respect to imbalanced data. Compared with other loss functions, ours method performance is state-of-the-art, such as complement cross entropy.


This paper analyses the development of the technological capabilities of the engineers in automobile parts suppliers in Thailand. The evidence shows that Thailand's latecomer firms accumulated their technology primarily from foreign direct investment, mostly from Japanese car makers. There has been a significant rise in the demand for engineering and technological capabilities that has driven some amount of technological catch-up in the industry. However, the lack of engineers and technological capabilities among Thai supplier firms has restricted the catch-up process. To upgrade further the Thai automobile firms should build a strong industrial cluster by stimulating the development of technological human capital to provide the horizontal integration necessary for the suppliers to remain competitive. Upstream technological capability is important for this to take place, but it can only be achieved through the development of human capital.


Caffeine is the most commonly used behaviorally‐active substance in the world. Caffeine reliably increases arousal, but it is unclear if and how it influences other dimensions of emotion such as positive versus negative feelings, termed affective valence. The present study documented whether caffeine influences emotion and emotion regulation. Participants included 48 adults (20 male, 28 female; 20.1±2.3 years; BMI 22.9±3.5), all of whom were low to abstinent caffeine consumers (maximum 100 mg/day, mean 26.8±25.6). Participants completed measures of emotion, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before, 45‐minutes after, and 75 minutes after consuming 400 mg caffeine or placebo in a within‐subjects design. Participants also completed an emotion regulation choice task, in which they chose to employ one of two emotion regulation strategies, distraction or cognitive reappraisal, in response to low and high intensity negative pictures, and rated the pictures on perceived arousal and valence. State anxiety, negative affect, and salivary cortisol were heightened both 45 and 75 minutes after caffeine intake relative to placebo. Consistent with previous findings, participants chose reappraisal more often for low intensity pictures and distraction more often for high intensity pictures. Caffeine did not influence the frequency with participants chose reappraisal or distraction, but augmented negative picture ratings. Thus caffeine accentuates non‐habitual caffeine consumers' emotional responses to negative situations, but not how they choose to regulate such responses.


Abstract : The Scenario Recurring Evaluation System (SCORES) was directed by Department of the Army to evaluate several corps structures for Mideast operations. One objective of the resultant study, the Heavy/Light Corps Mideast (HLC-ME) Study, was to evaluate the surveillance, target acquisition, and night observation (STANO) capabilities of the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile) This report documents support provided to SCORES by the Combat Operations Analysis Directorate (COAD) of the Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity (CACDA) in satisfying this objective. COAD applied the model, Surveillance, Target Acquisition Routines for Manual War Games-Computerized (STARMAN-C) to selected portions of the SCORES Jiffy war game HLC-ME results, using the HLC-ME dynamic scenario. Model outputs were collected into measures of effectiveness (MOE), which provided quantitative values for an operational evaluation of the division's current capabilities and also for establishment of a baseline capability against which future augmentations to the division's STANO equipments may be compared to Evaluation of the MOEs led to the identification of strengths in the division's current STANO configuration, such as superior SLAR capability and tank detection capability, and weaknesses, such as the limited capability to detect firing artillery tubes The report includes insights and recommendations for exploiting the strengths and eliminating the weaknesses in the STANO capabilities of the division.


.WHO, through its European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn Office, is in the final stages of a review of the health effects of ambient air pollution for the Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) programme of the European Commission (DG Environment). This review has focussed on the role of pollutants as health hazards and is now considering how the available evidence should be used to develop risk coefficients for health impact assessment (http://www.euro.who.int/document/e79097.pdf). In this paper we describe how epidemiological evidence from time series studies (both ecological and panel), has been systematically collected and synthesized to provide meta-analytic estimates suitable for use in health impact assessment models. There is now a very large body of published time series studies . A database developed at St George's Medical School contains the results of these studies. These results will be used to derive risk coefficients that will be suitable for application in Europe. This will require consideration of a number of issues, including:


Now that I have been with interactions for ten issues, I thought it was time for some reflection again, about the role of interactions, the needs of the readers, and the directions we should be taking. Not that these things aren't always on my mind, but sometimes it's good to explicitly set them down, and encourage feedback and suggestions. interactions is not an academic publication: its intention is to be at the interface between research and practice, informing the practitioner about new research and how it can be used, and informing the researcher about what is being done and how research is being applied. We regularly cover a number of specific sub-fields such as methods and tools, business, and design (a particularly rich field that I feel there is still lots to draw from). There are many other identifiable fields that we also cover, though not every issue, such as the Web, Information Design, and Accessibility. We do this either because people come to us with a submission or a suggestion that we like, and we follow up on it, or because we see something or someone, and think there should be something in interactions about it, and approach someone to write about it. So this is an invitation to you to come up with ideas for what interactions should be doing. Is interactions going in the right direction? What are we doing right? What could we be doing better? Are there areas we are ignoring? Do you know someone who ought to be writing for interactions? Do you have an idea for a submission yourself? Feedback is good: if we are doing the right things it encourages us to do more; if we're missing things, it encourages us to fix it. Please let us know! By the way, talking about the directions we are taking, the next issue is a special issue on interaction in the family, and very special it promises to be as well, with a wide range of interviews, photo essays and technology overviews. Not to be missed, I promise you!


A B S T R A C T. o We studied the composition and distribution of the Santa Fe snakes based on 1,292 examined specimens obtained in field survey, revision of the Argentine herpetological collections and reliable literature records. Maps were built for determinate the distribution of snakes. Fifty one species and subspecies were recorded (43 Colubridae, 3 Viperidae, 2 Boidae, 1 Elapidae, 1 Leptotyphlopidae and 1 Typhlopidae), a 39% of the survey taxa in Argentina. One species and three subspecies were new records in Santa Fe province. The distributional patterns are briefly discussed in relation with phytogeographical subdivisions.


We consider Schrodinger operators in L2(R3) with a singular interaction supported by a finite curve Γ. We present a proper definition of the operators and study their properties, in particular, we show that the discrete spectrum can be empty if Γ is short enough. If it is not the case, we investigate properties of the eigenvalues in the situation when the curve has a hiatus of length 2ϵ. We derive an asymptotic expansion with the leading term which a multiple of ϵlnϵ.


Thirty-four rabbits were divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was subdivided into four sub-groups.In the first sub-group (8 animate) both the common carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries were ligated simultaneously during one operation,and all the animals died instantly.In the second sub-group (6 animals) all the four arteries were ligated but in two stages.Three of them had the two bilateral common carotid arteries and one vertebral artery ligated during the first operation.After 25-27 days,the second operation was carried out,and the other vertebral artery also ligated.All the animals were alive.In the third sub-group (4 animals) a reverse process was conducted in contrast with the second sub-group,that is,during the first operation only one of the two vertebral arteries was ligated.After 81-98 days the common carotid artery and other vertebral artery were ligated and all the animals died.The fourth sub-group (8 animals) was done as a supplementary anatomical observation of the third sub-group.The operation was carried out in one stage with the ligation of unilateral vertebral artery.The control group was used as controls without ligation.Having been fed for a period of time,animals of the second and fourth sub-groups were injected with the Chinese-ink gelatin,dissected and observed.It is interesting to note that although animals in the second sub-group had all the four arteries ligated,they were all alive.Apparently,the ligated animals developed collateral circulation during the two stages of operation to maintain cerebral blood supply.After the first operation,the unligated vertebral artery appeared as a compensation with enlargement of the vertebral artery,and the basilar artery had both enlargement and flexures.On account of the obstruction of blood flow and reduction of the function in the second operation,the enlarged vertebral artery and basilar artery became smaller with the latter also straightened.It shows that the vascular system is amazingly plasticable.The structure and functions are harmonious.We have found the main channels for this collateral circulation are from:(1)The new-born A.thyreoidea ima.arising from different sites,namely internal mammary artery,the right common carotid artery and the aortic arch.(2)Some new muscular branches arising from different sites,namely aortic arch,the subelavian artery and the internal mammary artery.(3)The enlarged anastomosis of the muscular branches of the arteries.The above-mentioned collateral circulation bridged the subelavian artery,external carotid artery and common carotid artery.No enlargement occurred in the spinal arteries.We preferred 25 days as the interval for developing collateral circulation.But what the minimal interval is remains to be determined.In the fourth sub-group no new channels of collateral circulation were found.It is clear that although the third sub-group was given a two-stage operation,all of the animals died.


After a healthy market run during the go-go days of Purpa (Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act)-backed cogeneration, the internal-combustion (IC) engine, generally of diesel or dual-fuel type, appears to be making another comeback as part of cogeneration systems. The prime mover has always met such auxiliary functions as standby or emergency power for institutions and nuclear powerplants, with occasional selection for utility or industrial power in isolated areas. Several new developments, and even concepts, along with wider appreciation of the engine`s inherent advantages, have given the IC engine a new lease on life. Nevertheless, advanced small-scale gas turbines (GTs) will be formidable competition. Recent developments, specific to the IC engine or borrowed from other areas, compel new attention from potential owners of small steam and electric-generating systems -- and integration into large systems is possible.


Abstract We review the theoretical and empirical literature on the resource-based view in the context of family businesses using a framework of intangible resources. This approach allows us to structure the present research on value-adding resources in family firms into four clearly distinct groups – organizational culture, reputation, human capital and networks – and provides us with the opportunity to examine the interactions of these intangible resources. We use these relationships to offer a future research agenda that is focused on the creation of competitive advantage through the combination and recombination of these resources.


A successful supply chain must be able to operate at the lowest cost while providing the best customer service as well as environmental protection. As industrial players are under pressure but mostly unprepared to take back products after their usage, logistics network design becomes an even more important issue. To allow for a maximum of flexibility and efficiency, we consider an integrated design of the forward/reverse logistics network using full delivery graph. We apply a Memetic Algorithm with a novel population generation to find a near optimal solution for large size problems. The effect of different parameters on the behavior of the proposed Metaheuristic Algorithm is investigated. Using the experimental work to find the best parameters for this problem is the outlook of these researches.


Cosmological models with variable bulk viscosity and gravitational constant in C-field cosmology for flat FRW space-time are investigated. To find the deterministic model of the universe, we assume that G = R n where R is scale factor and n is a constant. We find that the creation field (C) increases with time, G and  (matter density) decreases with time and H(t) G G   where H is the Hubble parameter. These results match with the astronomical observations.


Previous research reveals that an individual's risk preferences have a significant impact on his or her decision making under risk. However, previous research reveals that these preferences are not constant, but vary over time. As risk preferences are so important for decision making, it is crucial to understand if and to what extent individuals incorporate shifts in risk aversion into their behavior and decision making. Our analysis uses the German Socio Economic Panel (GSOEP), a representative longitudinal sample dataset of the German population that includes rich information on individuals' behavior and decision making, such as insurance purchases, savings behavior, stock holdings, as well as frequency of sport exercises and alcohol and smoking consumption. In addition, the survey includes information on individuals' self-reported risk attitude. We combine changes in risk attitude with information on risky behaviors and decision making. Our results indicate that individuals who showed an increase in risk aversion from one period of observation to another are more likely to purchase term life policies and are also more likely to put more money into their emergency funds.


In the context of ELearning, remote handson training has become an insisting need as in traditional learning, especially in scientific and technical disciplines. Electronic Laboratories (ELabs) have been growing for the last few years. LIESP team started in 2002 a research aiming to provide a framework which helps towards exchanging ELab learning scenarios when they fit to similar apparatuses (same functions, maybe not the same hardware). Meanwhile, LIMOS team focused on a design process to automate PLC code generation to help to design and generate programs for industrial discrete systems. This paper presents a project of merging these approaches to help ELab designers to design and integrate apparatuses into ELab frameworks when these apparatuses are discrete systems.


Background: Malaria is one of the most several pathogenic diseases in endemic areas of the world, particularly in Africa. The causative parasites have developed resistance to orthodox drugs over the years, thus the need for herbal remedy. Aim: This study is aimed at assessing the antiplasmodial potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas against Plasmodium berghei in infected Swiss albino mice. days from when parasites were first seen in the infected animal blood. Parasitaemia count and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined using standard methods. Results: J. curcas leaf extract was safe in rats at the tested oral doses (500–2000 mg/kg). There was no mortality within the study period. In the in vitro experiment, J. curcas prevented weight loss and reduced parasitaemia count in a dose-dependent manner. Its effect on PCV was only significant at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Conclusion: The present study revealed that ethanolic leaf extract of J. curcas possesses antiplasmodial potential against P. berghei . Maximum antimalarial efficacy of plant extracts and standard antimalarial drugs can be derived when dosage are completed.


A five‐coordinate copper complex with the tripod ligand tris(2‐benzimidazylmethyl)amine (ntb), with composition [Cu(ntb)(H2O)](ClO4)2 · C6H7NO · H2O (C6H7NO=4‐picoline‐N‐oxide), was synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analyses, electrical conductivities, thermal analyses, i.r., and u.v. The crystal structure of the copper complex has been determined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method, and shows that each copper ion is linked to a tris(2‐benzimidazylmethyl)amine (ntb) and a water molecule, resulting in it being five‐coordinate with an N4O ligand set. The coordination geometries of the copper ion may be best described as a distorted trigonal bipyramid, with C 3 molecular symmetry. Cyclic voltammograms of the copper complex indicate a quasireversible Cu+2/Cu+ couple.


This paper describes the estimation process of integrated price of districts of land expropriation compensation,and briefly introduces the result.On the principle of linking with the historical price of land expropriation compensation,the preliminary land requisition compensation price of Changchun City is calculated.Finally this paper gives a comparative analysis of the estimation results from the difference in the overall price level and space,and also puts forward a proposal for the application of the results of this calculation.


Local corrosion of tin by dilute chloride solutions is not prevented indefinitely by special physical or chemical preparation of the metal surface, or by alloying additions to the metal. The time elapsing before local corrosion begins is affected by surface condition and, with increase in the severity of attack, by contact of the metal with another solid surface to form a crevice, reduction of pH of the solution and electrical contact with a more noble metal.

The intermetallic compounds formed in hot-dipped or wiped coatings of tin on copper are resistant to corrosion and may be slightly cathodic to copper, but tin remained anodic to copper even when ennobled by oxide films. Wiped coatings on copper are more susceptible to local corrosion than electrodeposited or hot-dipped coatings because the attack on the free tin remaining on the surface is stimulated by contact with exposed areas of tin–copper compound.

Addition of sodium bicarbonate, carbonate, benzoate, chromate, phosphate or silicate to chloride solutions prevents local corrosion and cathodic protection can be obtained with aluminium anodes.


Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a very poor prognosis, explained by the biologic characteristics of the disease but also by host-related factors including comorbidities. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic role of comorbidities in this population. Between 1995 and 2004, 133 patients aged 70 years or older with newly diagnosed acute non promyelocytic leukemia, were treated with intensive induction chemotherapy ("3+7" regimen) at a single institution. Comorbidities at diagnosis were retrospectively evaluated using an adapted form of the Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI) (Sorror et al., Blood2004;104:961–968). Seventy-five patients achieved a complete response (CR) (56.4%) and 23 patients died during induction chemotherapy (17.3%). Comorbidity scores at diagnosis were 0 for 83 patients (68%), 1 for 16 patients (13.1%), and > 1 for 23 patients (18.7%). The median overall survival (OS) was 9 months (95% CI: 6–13) and was significantly poorly affected by high leukocyte count (≥ 30 G/l) and elevated serum creatinine level (>1.5 x upper normal limit). By multivariate analysis, we identified 4 adverse prongnostic factors for CR: unfavorable karyotype, leukocytosis ≥ 30 G/l, expression of CD34 on blast cells and a CCI > 1. Age was not found to be a significant prognosic factor for either CR or survival. When a score of 0 or 1 was affected to each prognostic variable, patients could be separated into a low-risk group (score= 0–1; 22% of patients), an intermediate-risk group (score= 2; 41% of patients) and a high-risk group (score≥3 ; 37% of patients), having 87%, 63% and 37% chance of achieving CR following conventional induction chemotherapy, an 8-week mortality rate of 9%, 22% and 34% (p=0.02), and a 2-year overall survival rate above 50%, less than 30% and 15%, respectively (p=0.01). Our results show that comorbidity is an important prognostic factor for elderly patients with AML which may help the physicians' decision making. Its capture at diagnosis should be prospectively evaluated in larger study for its future use for risk-stratification among elderly patients treated for AML.


The Purpose of this paper is to examine seller"s obligation for the conformity of the goods to the international sale of...


The preface to Waltz's Theory of international politics (TIP) (1979) begins by thanking the institutions that supported his research and provided a conducive environment to write the book. The Institute of International Studies at the University of California, Berkeley and the Center for International Affairs at Harvard are unsurprisingly named, given Waltz's tenure at the former and subject matter shared with the latter. More surprisingly, Waltz thanks the Department of Philosophy at the London School of Economics (LSE) for providing 'an exciting and friendly environment' (1979: preface). That the LSE's philosophy department was exciting and friendly is not the surprising thing. Rather, it is the fact that Waltz knows this, having spent a year's sabbatical there in 1976–77, rather than in the LSE's Department of International Relations, a leading department of its kind, where he might have been expected to spend his time (Halliday and Rosenberg 1998: 381). In the space available here, it will not be possible to explicate fully either Waltz's contribution to theory or the legacy left by his writings, especially his two classic books. One way in which the writings and the legacy can be connected, however, is by making a case for taking seriously Waltz's decision to choose a philosophy department as a congenial home for his research while writing TIP. I shall conjecture that the philosophical location of Waltz's theory of international politics is telling. It reveals something about Waltz's inclinations and intentions and, given the tremendous impact of his 1979 book, it helps us to understand how the discipline of international relations (IR) has been reoriented in his wake. Increasingly, since the publication of TIP, the discipline has defined theory in philosophical terms. This applies as much to Waltz's critics – who take up the challenge to ground the study of IR in rival, philosophically sanctioned methods, epistemologies and ontologies – as to his followers. There is perhaps nothing inherently wrong with these attempts


A new grafted cactus cultivar, 'Hwahong', Gymnocalycium mihanovichii, is a hybrid crossed between '9508021' line with red and black color, and 'Jinhong', with dark red color in 2002. It grew for 6 months after grafting in vitro and culturing at 100 mL test tube. After grafting and planting in vivo in 2003, the various characteristics were evaluated three times until 2006. It has flat-round shape and dark red skin. In addition, it has 7 to 9 ribs and the gray and slant spines on the body. The ability of propagation in 'Hwahong' was better than that in 'Jinhong' to produce approximately 13.0 daughter globes.


The seismic response of a flexible multi‐storey building isolated with variable friction pendulum system (VFPS) is investigated under normal component of six near‐fault ground motions. The VFPS, an advanced friction base isolator, is proposed in this study. The variation of the friction coefficient in VFPS is such that up to a certain value of displacement the frictional force increases and then it decreases with further increase in displacement. Such variation is selected with the criterion that the isolator displacement and building base shear decrease significantly without much alteration to superstructure acceleration under near‐fault ground motions. The governing equations of motion of building isolated with VFPS are derived and solved in the incremental form by using Newmark's step‐by‐step method assuming linear variation of acceleration over small time interval. In order to verify the effectiveness of VFPS, the seismic responses are compared with that of the same building isolated by conventional friction pendulum system (FPS). A parametric study is also carried out to critically examine the behaviour of building isolated with VFPS. The important parameters considered are the number of stories of superstructure, initial time period and isolation period of the VFPS. In addition, the seismic response of building isolated with VFPS under simple cycloidal pulses is also investigated. From the above investigations, it was concluded that the VFPS is quite effective for controlling the seismic response of buildings under near‐fault ground motions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In a society such as ours, increasingly concerned as it is with improving quality, it is relatively easy to find data charting the fortunes, good or ill, of the quality of education. League tables are such an example. The `quality' of a school, whatever that means, might be judged by its league table position. A science department might be judged as offering a high quality service if its value-added indices are positive. There is often mention made of the quality of A-level students or postgraduate entrants to the teaching profession. What then of the quality of physics teaching? As an initial trainer/educator of physics teachers I am expected to have a view as to some of the ingredients which might be part of the balanced diet of good physics teaching. School inspectors certainly have a view. I expect that most heads of departments and advisers will also have something to say on the subject. Perhaps there is a consensus within the profession as to what constitutes good physics teaching. Certainly at the IOP Congress two years ago a number of teachers in a discussion session I chaired came up with what appeared to be a shared view of the qualities of good teaching. These qualities included teaching that allowed for pupils to have their say, to articulate their ideas, teachers who listened and encouraged discussion, group work and problem solving tasks, clear lesson structures shared with learners, imaginative use of resources, shared enthusiasm, clear outcomes and much more. If there is a professional consensus then why can many physics lessons be so cripplingly dull? The gradual demise in the status of physics as a desirable subject of choice, post-16, in schools has resulted in fewer young people choosing to study physics and to teach physics. If physics has an image problem, there is all the more reason for the quality of physics teaching to rise above the mediocre. Now one might say that I am speaking from a limited experience and the situation I describe doesn't apply to your teaching. You are probably right on both counts. However, the fact that you are reading this journal indicates that you are likely to be taking a dynamic interest in your own teaching, more interest than most. As far as my sampling goes, you only have to speak to students who watch physics teaching in schools and to inspectors who do the same and to heads of departments who make it their job to get out and about into other classrooms. Yes, there is good teaching but there is so much that is simply as safe as houses, plodding through the syllabus, covering the material in a transmission style but so unimaginatively. Physics teaching looks tired. Is there an initiative to be taken? Recent curriculum developments have forged ahead with new materials for learners. But most of this amounts to developments in the WHAT of physics teaching. They offer either support for learners or new interpretations of syllabus content. There is no doubt that these initiatives are of considerable value and they will help to change the face of physics as a subject but I don't think in themselves they offer solutions that will change the HOW of physics teaching in the way that, for example, the Nuffield initiatives did in the 1970s. The original Nuffield programmes included teacher's handbooks that had pages devoted to teaching strategies. The guides encouraged reflection on such issues as the dangers of teaching theory, students reporting their findings, the value of discussion in helping students to `get ideas inside themselves' etc. There were pages about the HOW alongside pages about the WHAT. There is no doubt that a factor in this equation resides with national issues such as school resources, class sizes, contact hours and the drive to increase pass rates. However, even within these parameters can we identify ways forward that will enable professional change and revitalize classroom experiences? Schools have a long history of in-service professional development but I wonder if development days have lost the plot somewhat. How often are such days devoted to generic, whole school issues and how often do they focus on teachers and teaching? As a teacher I found it a rare luxury to find a forum, both the time and the place, to talk about teaching. Occasionally the ASE local section meetings or the ASE annual meeting provided space for professional reflection, and I often returned from such events with ideas to try out and to share with colleagues. Perhaps better use might be made of subject departments as agents for change. A modest investment in training middle managers as teacher-mentors and leaders might result in change that would be managed from within schools. Teachers helping teachers. I'll end this editorial with a plea to head teachers, advisers, department heads and the physics teaching community. Resurrect the HOW of physics teaching. Let's create space and time for teachers to share, reflect and explore their trade, to observe others teaching, to articulate their strategies for lesson planning and motivating learners and to be brave enough to step out from the stifling atmosphere of their classroom boxes and breathe again.


Influence of ionizing irradiation of different kinds on the thermoelectrical parameters of the thermoelements on the base of Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3- Sb2Te3 systems solid solutions have been investigated. To ascertain the mechanism of the action of irradiation on thermoelectrical parameters of TEC, previously the influence of this irradiation on the properties of crystals also was studied. The samples investigated were obtained by the oriented crystallization method--Bridgman technique and subjected to action of gamma- irradiation in the range of fluences 106 - 108 R, electron irradiance of 25 MeV energy in fluence range 1013 - 1014 cm-2 and pulse gamma-neutron irradiation in fluence range 1013 - 1014 cm-2. It is shown that irradiation by gamma-neutrons up to fluences 1014 cm-2 leads to increasing of (Delta) Tmax of TEM, as well as efficiency of n- and p- branches of thermoelements. This fact permits to suppose, that such a variations of (Delta) Tmax are due both to decreasing of resistance of transitional contacts and increasing of thermoelectric figure of merit of the thermoelectric material itself. Thus results obtained are indicated that variations of (Delta) Tmax for TEM under irradiation are due both to variations of thermoelement branches parameters and the resistance of transitional contacts.


What is the topic of this review? In this review, we analyse the performance of recently described tools for CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA design, in particular, design tools that predict CRISPR/Cas9 activity. What advances does it highlight? Recently, many tools designed to predict CRISPR/Cas9 activity have been reported. However, the majority of these tools lack experimental validation. Our analyses indicate that these tools have poor predictive power. Our preliminary results suggest that target site accessibility should be considered in order to develop better guide RNA design tools with improved predictive power.


This descriptive research aims to study: (1) theself-care of school-aged thalassemic patients,(2) therelationship between school-aged thalassemic patientusselected factors and their self-care. selected factors ofschool-aged thalassemic patients, such as patientsfactors (like health perception, age, sex, schoolingoutcome, times of hospital visit), and factors of theircare takers (like education level, income, and familyfeature). The population for this research was 233school-aged thalassemic patients aged 9-12 years,visited Chaiyaphum hospital in 2007. The samples werepurposively selected for 70 patients. Data collectingwas conducted during May to June 2008. The toolsused for data collecting were questionnaires producedby the researcher under checking of content validity byfive professionals consisting of nursing instructors,pediatricians, pediatric nurse, and reliability tested bySPSS program obtaining reliability 0.72. Data collectionwas conducted by having the child patients answerquestions by themselves undergoing with researcherusassistance for their smooth responding. Data analyzingwas done by simple statistics such as percentage, meanand standard deviation to feature out the variables to bestudied. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficientand Chi-square were used to test relationship between school-aged thalassemic patientus selected factors andtheir self-care.The findings were as following :The child patients scored their self-care at82.6%, with majority of 61.4% had well taken care ofthemselves and none of them had taken care themselvespoorly. Selected factors that correlated with self-careof school-aged thalassemic patient at the significantlevel 0.05 were health perception, age and sex. Healthperception and age had related with Pearsonus correlativecoefficient (r) at 0.396 and 0.260 respectively whilewith sex at relationship degree by ContingencyCoefficient at 0.234. Other factors had no statisticsignificant relationship with self-care.


The objective of this study was to investigate the magnetic properties and microstructure of electroless Ni-Fe-B alloy films deposited in different types of solutions. Soft magnetic films with low coercive force (Hc) and good squareness were obtained in a solution using sodium citrate and/or sodium tartrate as complexing agents. The lowest value of coercive force at 1 μm film thickness indicated 20 A/m, as plated. The alloy films consist of fine-particulate crystallite with high crystallinity.


We examine the influence of family and family businesses on the sustainability of start-up/nascent enterprises set up by family members. Family firms can expand by setting up new enterprises so that their offspring or siblings can start their own business. This has many advantages for the established and for the new firms. For the established firms funds provided for the start-up can be ring-fenced so the established firm can grow with reduced risk. It also provides family firms with a means of training the younger generation before they take over the whole family business. Sustainability for the start-up can come from the provision of additional resources that they often lack such as additional funding, access to a network of stakeholders such as a skilled workforce, customers, suppliers, and management expertise. However, there may be some disadvantage for the fledgling firm with this arrangement if there is conflict in the decision-making process between a dominant family firm founder and the new CEO of the fledgling business. This raises interesting questions about how decision-making in the start-up/nascent firm will be affected by the family firm and how this in turn affects its sustainability in the longer term.


We obtain estimates for the multiplicities of the conjugacy representation of symmetric groups complementing recent results of Roichman. These estimates in turn are used to compute the subgroup growth for a substantial class of large groups including in particular all Fuchsian groups as well as one-relator groups whose relator involves iterated commutators.


The parasite responsible for the disease of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis has been the object of numerous studies (Comps 1970), (Tige and Morel, 1974, Perkins, 1976) in which most considered the internal cycle of development of the parasite in the oyster, and the parasite's structure, ultrastructure, and systematic position, of which the latter remains debatable. In this paper I mention observations made at the time of diagnosis for the presence of infections and information gained through studies of oysters on the bottoms of estuaries and coastal waters. The research is designed to provide practical solutions to problems facing oyster culture.


A novel combination of millimeterwave linearly frequency modulated (LFM) technology and new radar imaging techniques can provide a good high-resolution imaging sensor that can be inboard in unmanned vehicles, in which stringent limitations of size, weight and power consumption are required. This paper presents an approach of multiple transmission and multiple reception in elevation for vehicle-borne millimeterwave radar high-resolution imaging. This radar employs orthogonal frequency diversity modulated (OFDM)-LFM waveforms, so as to obtain a high-resolution imagery over a wide swath coverage. The system concepts, geometry relations and signal models are provided. Computer simulation examples are also performed. Additionally, the generation of the OFDM waveforms with parallel direct digital synthesizer (DDS)-driven phase locked loop (PLL) synthesizer is discussed, and the block diagram of the synthesizer is provided.


Seismic assessments of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges play an important role in the sustainable development of societies and the determination of the critical values of demand measures for various damage limit states is a key issue in seismic assessments. The results of a seismic assessment largely depend on which kind of demand measure is used, but few studies have investigated the nature of the relationships between damage measures in order to avoid inconsistency between seismic assessments. In this study, a finite element model of an RC bridge was constructed to act as a benchmark example. Three parameters, system-equivalent displacement, rotation angle of a plastic hinge, and material strain, were used as the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) to assess the seismic performance of different earthquake levels. Numerical examples demonstrated that the exceedance probabilities significantly depended on the selected EDP and the critical values of the EDPs for the three damage states. To obtain a consistent seismic assessment of the representative bridge for the different EDPs, an iterative probabilistic seismic assessment method was adopted. The EDP critical values could then be determined using the performance-based exceedance probabilities. It was suggested to the exceedance probabilities within 50 years for the three damage limit states (performance-based) at half of the exceedance probability within 50 years for three seismic levels of earthquakes (hazard-based), respectively.


The study investigated on the influence of principals' supervisory practices on teacher motivation in secondary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Embedded design was adopted. The target population comprised of all; secondary schools, principals, board of management, teachers and field education officers. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used. Data was collected using focused group discussions, in-depth interviews guides and questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using transcription, coding, categorizing and coming up with themes. The study results revealed that principals' supervisory practices had positive correlation to teacher motivation. It further established that positive effect of the principals' supervisory practices on teacher motivation were impeded by financial constraints faced by principals. The study recommended that principals should adopt clinical and collegial supervisory practices. That principals should involve teachers in collective goal setting as well as awarding outstanding teachers' performance. The study also recommended that principals should initiate income generating projects in schools and involve parents' teachers' association in raising funds to ease financial constraints that impede supervisory practices that mitigate on teacher motivation.


Scientific journals usually do not comment on world events. This journal does, in our editorial pages. Public health nutrition, as distinct from clinical nutrition, is concerned with the social (including political), economic and environmental determinants of well-being, health and disease, as well as the biological and behavioural causes of disease. Public health, which includes public health nutrition, has a very broad responsibility. We are not politicians or economists, but we do need to be aware of the events that bear down on public health and their impact on our work. In our field, there is reliable witness to the devastation of public health in countries whose resources and integrity have been drained or crushed by foreign debt and by invasion and war.


There is a growing interest in numerically handling of the interface dynamics in multiphase flows with large density and viscosity ratio in several scientific and engineering applications. We present a parallel space-time implementation of a least-squares spectral element method for the incompressible Cahn-Hilliard and Navier-Stokes equations for different densities and viscosities between phases. The highorder continuity approximation is adopted to support global differentiability of problems, and by using time-stepping procedure and the element-by-element technique the effective usage of memory is resolved. Numerical experiments are conducted in order to verify the spectral/hp least-squares formulation through a convergence analysis. Besides, the efficiency of parallel computing is investigated. As general example, a falling droplet under gravity is solved by our solvers for different density and viscosity ratios, and the positive feedback between velocity field and droplet shape is investigated.


The present invention provides a mixture comprising at least three hardener components a1), a2), and b), the ratio of hardener component a1) to a2) being in the range from 0.1 to 10:1, and hardener component b) being present at 5% to 55% by weight, based on the mixture, a process for preparing this mixture, the use of the mixture of the invention for curing epoxy resins, the use of the mixture of the invention with epoxy resins as adhesives, and an epoxy resin cured with the mixture of the invention.


Radiation-induced cancer is the most severe remote effect caused by radiation in human.Radiation-induced cancer includes leukemia,multiple myeloma,thyroid carcinoma,lung cancer,breast cancer,gastric cancer,and colon cancer.As protein is the executor of life activities,more and more research has been transfered from genomics to proteomics with the coming of post-genome era,and proteomics has became one of the hot research areas in life science.Proteomics is to study all expressed proteins' function encoded by genome sequences,and it provides a good way to study the composition and variation features in different stages and treatment conditions of cancer from the whole level.Therefore,proteomics has been widespreadly applicated in many fields of cancer research such as finding tumor markers,discovering molecular mechnism,early diagnosis,therapeutic efficacy assessment,cancer prevention and prognosis,etc.This article reviews the recent application of proteomics in some kinds of radiation-induced cancer.

Key words:
Radiation-induced cancer;  Proteomics;  Molecular markers;  Diagnosis;  Therapy


In this paper, a general framework for the analysis of multigrid methods for mortar finite elements is considered. The numerical realization is based on the algebraic saddle point formulation arising from the discretization of second order elliptic equations on nonmatching grids. Suitable discrete Lagrange multipliers on the interface guarantee weak continuity and an optimal discretization scheme. In particular, the mortar method is applied on the coupling of conforming and nonconforming discretizations in case of scalar diffusion problems and linear elasticity in 2D. In contrast to earlier works, no exact solver for a modified Schur complement is required. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the multigrid method.


I study the effects of a tax on ride-sharing trips in Chicago, which was nominally motivated by a desire to reduce congestion, but which also affected competition between ride-sharing platforms and traditional taxis. I find that platforms passed through more than 100% of the tax to consumers taking single rides, but there was incomplete pass-through to shared rides. This pattern can be explained by the two-sidedness of the market. The tax shifted demand back to taxis, but only in the downtown area, where competition is more intense. Finally, I find that the tax did not significantly reduce congestion and a simple calibration suggests that it lowered consumer surplus by over $300,000 per day.


Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the most common medical disorders seen during pregnancy. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an intracellular enzyme. The objective of this study was to compare lactate dehydrogenase levels in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and normal pregnant women, to correlate lactate dehydrogenase levels with complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and role of lactate dehydrogenase as an early predictor of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Methods: A study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at JJ group of hospitals, Mumbai, India for a duration of 18 months from January 2020 to June 2021. This study has a sample size of 500 antenatal patients. Necessary information such as their detailed clinical, and obstetric history, clinical examination, investigations was noted. LDH were measured at 12-16 weeks of pregnancy and at the time of delivery.
Results: In our study, the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 10.2% There was no association between LDH levels at 12-16 weeks of gestation and development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. There was association between levels of lactate dehydrogenase levels at time of delivery and severity of hypertensive disorders in our study. Higher serum LDH levels were associated with increased incidence of maternal and fetal complications like abruption placenta, HELLP syndrome, IUGR, IUFD, prematurity and oligohydramnios in our study.
Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the medical conditions affecting pregnancy. Lactate dehydrogenase levels at 12-16 weeks of gestation is not early predictor of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels at time of delivery helps in prediction of severity of disease, adverse outcomes and complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Hence lactate dehydrogenase acts as prognostic factor in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.


This article considers the development of offensive language laws in New South Wales during the nineteenth century. The development of the laws during the nineteenth century is of particular interest because the laws introduced at the turn of the twentieth century were to provide the blueprint for modern offensive language laws. This article deals with the law in two periods: the first, from the establishment of the colony in New South Wales in 1788 to 1835; and the second, from 1835 until 1908. The argument presented here is that, during the first period, the rhetoric of the law against insulting or offensive language was wholly consistent with the law's effects. The laws were expressly designed to suppress and control the convict population, and this was precisely how they were used. In the second period, that is, from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, the laws continued to operate in a disciplinary fashion but, paradoxically, they were increasingly justified in idealistic terms. In particular, the laws were justified by reference to legislators' desires to protect the vulnerable in society from verbal abuse. However, the limited evidence available suggests that the growing voice given to ideals and high-minded sentiments that occurred with the shift to 'civil society' was at odds with the reality of the law's operation.


It is increasingly concerned whether the introduction of transgenes can influence the ecological fitness of receptor crop. Thereby,outdoor experiments were conducted to examine impacts of varying densities of brown planthopper( BPH),Nilaparvata lugens,( 0,10,20,40,80,100,200individuals per cage) on the yield parameters of transgenic cry1Ab rice( B4b92) and its non-transgenic isoline( MH86) in Fuzhou,Southeast China. The results showed that,within each BPH density treatment,the yield parameters of B4b92 were not significantly different compared with those of MH86,except the grains per ear,the full grains per ear,and the number of ears within some BPH density treatments. Regression analysis indicated that there was a significant linear relationship between the parameters( grains per ear,full grains per ear,1000- seeds weight,number of ears,yields and yield loss percentages) and the density of BPH for each of the tested rice varieties. With the increase of density of BPH,the percentage of yield loss of B4b92 tended to be gradually getting higher than that of MH 86. Our work provides a valuable foundation for better understanding and evaluating potential effects of non- target pests on the ecological fitness of transgenic rice.


In this paper, we propose a wavelet-based illumination normalization method for face recognition against different directions and strength of light. Here, by one-level discrete wavelet transform, a given face image is first decomposed into low frequency and high frequency components, respectively, and then the two components are processed separately through contrast enhancement to eliminate the effect of illumination variations and enhance the detailed edge information. Finally the normalized image is obtained through the inverse discrete wavelet transform. Experimental results on the Yale B, the extended Yale B and CMU PIE face databases show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the effect of illumination variations on face recognition.


N,N′‐Diacyl acid dihydrazides were prepaed by the reaction of acid dihydazides with two equivalents of acyl chlorides. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.


A facile procedure is described for the preparation of [14C]epicholesterol from [14C]cholesterol. Cholesterol is first converted to cholesteryl mesylate, which is treated with cesium acetate and 18-crown-6 in refluxing toluene to give epicholesteryl acetate. The latter is hydrolyzed, without isolation, with potassium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran-methanol to give epicholesterol, which is obtained in pure form by preparative thin-layer chromatography.


An approximate model matching problem is presented in which the objective is to achieve, via dynamic state feedback, a nonlinear closed-loop system possessing a family of linearizations about constant operating points that matches a prescribed family of linear models from a transfer function viewpoint. A necessary and sufficient solvability condition is derived and an algebraic feedback law construction is provided using an extension of Silverman's structure algorithm to the case of parametrized families of linear systems.


Thissurvey wasintended toprovide a basis ofinformation ontheenergy expenditures for themaincomponent tasks incoal-mining, carried outatdifferent rates andindifferent postures. Suchinformation isfrequently required forstudies ofthephysiological effects ofcoal-mining; these values reported herewererequired inparticular forstudies intended todefine thermal limits of theenvironment suitable forminers atnon-mechanized coal-faces, asituation wherethemetabolic heatproduced makesupalarge proportion ofthetotal heatloadoftheindividual. Regression lines havebeendrawnbetween energy expenditure andspeed ofshovelling forthe minerworking indifferent postures. Whenforced toworklying onthefloor theman'senergy expenditure dropped, buthiscoaloutput alsodropped. Walking toandfromthecoal-face along roadways ofgoodheight yielded energy expenditures comparable tothose oftreadmill walking, although generally slightly higher invalue.Stooped walking generally increased the energy expenditure ofwalking, buttoasmaller extent thanwasanticipated fromprevious laboratory work. Several timeanalyses ofcomplete shifts fromdifferent collieries, inwhichthetimespent at different tasks hadbeenmeasured, yielded anaverage estimate oftheenergy expenditure foran eight-hour shift of2,000 kcal. Thecoal-mining industry ofGreatBritain, one ofthelargest "heavy" industries intheworld, employs well overtwohundred thousand menatthe coal-face alone, andmorethanthat number elsewhere underground. Manyamongthis large labour force expend energy daily inquantities thataregreater thaninmostotherlarge industrial concerns. A needtobeable toestimate theenergy production of miners working indifferent collieries, wherephysical conditions andtherateandpattern ofworkvary, ledtothepresent investigation; itforms anintegral partofaprogramme ofresearch intended todeterminethermal environmental conditions foreveryday workatthecoal-face (Lind, 1960) inwhichthe contribution ofmetabolic heattothetotal heatload wouldcertainly besubstantial. Forthis purpose it isdesirable toknownotonlytheman'stotal energy production inthecourse ofashift, butalso theextent towhichitvaries fromhourtohour.


This paper aims at verifying if the number of muscle synergies is influenced by the filtering process. Firstly, EMG activity of 12 muscles of the lower limb of a healthy subject was recorded during walking trial. Then, the Wavelet-Independent Component Analysis was used for the separation of the EMG, considered as reference signal, and the noise source from the raw experimental data. To test the effect of different order and cut-off frequencies of the high-pass and low-pass filtering on the numbers of muscle synergies, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed on the EMG signals. In particular, a dataset of 105 raw EMG signals were generated by adding different noise signals to the reference signal. The reference dataset was pre-processed with different combination of order and cut-off frequency of low-pass filter for the envelope extraction. The simulated dataset, instead, was pre-processed with different combinations of high and low pass filtering. A non-negative matrix factorization was performed to extract the muscle synergies on both the reference dataset and the simulated ones. For each filtering combination, the percentage of the Number of Synergies NoS within each simulated dataset was computed and compared with the NoS obtained from the reference dataset. The reference dataset produced a number of synergies equal to 4 for all the combinations of the tested low-pass filters, proving that, for the EMG signal without artifact, the number of muscle synergies is robust with respect to different low-pass filtering parameters. Conversely, the simulated dataset generated different numbers of synergies in different filtering conditions, ranging from 3 to 5. However, some particular combinations of filtering parameters produced no variation on Nos. Our results demonstrate the importance of choosing the most appropriate filtering parameters, as it resulted that low order and cut-off frequencies lead to an underestimation of the number of synergies, while high orders and cut-off frequencies cause an overestimation of the number of muscle synergies. In this vein, the present paper offers guidelines for the choice of the best filtering condition in muscle synergy evaluation.


In article the role historical tradition in the creation of fantastic world of the writer. Particular attention is drawn to the folk elements of tradition. Quality analyzes fantasy world (confined or enclosed). Polemics with the theory of crisis fiction.


Gwyneth Duncan, Systems Librarian, Duke University; Ken Mitchell, IT Analyst, Duke University.

The Triangle Research Libraries Network, of which Duke University is a member, is working on an Endeca-based faceted-browsing interface to the combined holdings of the member libraries, based on the work done by North Carolina State University. As part of this project, Duke is developing a replacement OPAC interface using both Endeca and ALEPH as data sources. Ken Mitchell and Gwyneth Duncan will highlight important technical aspects of this project, focusing on the data transfer from ALEPH to Endeca and the development of an interface using Endeca's APIs and the ALEPH X-Server.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical significance of D-dimer detection in the diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases.

METHODS
Peripheral blood samples were collected from 156 patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI), 38 patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and 148 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), all under relevant treatment, and 170 healthy examinees. The level of plasma D-dimer was detected by ELISA before and after the treatment.

RESULTS
The positive rates of plasma D-dimer of the ACI, DVT, and AMI patients before treatment were 59.3%, 100.0%, and 61.7% respectively, all significantly higher than that of the health examinees (4.3%, all P < 0.01). And the positive rates of plasma D-dimer decreased rapidly after treatment in the patients of these 3 groups who responded magnificently to thrombolysis treatment (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Increased in most thrombotic patients, the plasma D-dimer level helps diagnose thrombotic diseases early and reflect the efficacy of thrombolysis treatment.


Objectives: Ascites is one of the common clinical problems confronting a physician, with a myriad of causes behind. Early detection and evaluation of the causes of ascites help in effective management and lessens complications. However, there is lack of data regarding the prevalence of causes of ascites in our set-up. Hence, this study was conducted in our tertiary care hospital to study the clinical profiles and etiological factors of patients with ascites.
Methods: This prospective and observational study was carried out in the Department of General Medicine of S.C.B. Medical College and hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India, from September 2019 to November 2021. Hundred patients of ascites of either sex >18 years of age admitted in the medicine ward fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study and were thoroughly evaluated after obtaining informed consent. All the patients were subjected to detailed history taking, thorough physical examination and routine laboratory evaluation such as complete blood count, random blood sugar, liver function test, renal function test, serum protein and albumin, serum electrolytes, prothrombin time, international standardized ratio, hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis C. Hepatic encephalopathy, when present, was classified into four grades according to West Haven criteria. Ultrasonography of abdomen and pelvis, Digital chest X-ray PA view, and ECG were done in all the patients.
Results: In the present study of 100 patients, major cause of ascites was found to be cirrhosis of liver (64%) followed by tuberculosis (10%), malignancy (9%), heart disease (7%), and nephrotic syndrome (3%). The major cause of the cirrhosis of liver was alcoholism (64%) followed by hepatitis B (15.6%), Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (14.1%), Hepatitis C (4.7%), and cryptogenic (3.1%). Complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were observed in 17% and 7.8% cases of ascites, respectively.
Conclusion: Cirrhosis of liver was found to be the most common cause of ascites in our study followed by tuberculosis and malignancy. Alcoholism was the most common cause of cirrhosis followed by chronic hepatitis B.


Distributed linear complementarity problems are important with many applications. A continuous-time nonsmooth algorithm is proposed in a distributed manner to solve the problem with positive definite matrices. Then existence and uniqueness of the solution to the proposed algorithm are analyzed and its exponential convergence is achieved. Moreover, simulations are also given for illustration.


though the liquifaction of a-starch enzyme,the saccharification of nurtured purely Rhizopus and Aspergillus niger ,and the fermention of the flavoured lacto-bacteriaceae and the yellow rice wine pure yeast.Then the yellow rice wine is stored in a closed condition by using low and high temperature in turn.Finally using the liquid ettracted from plant as nutrition material of yeast and flavor material.Turn out kind of low alcohol and lactic acid yellow rice wine with light and extra flavor.


Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an architectural style for software systems' design, which merges well-established software engineering practices. There are several approaches to describe systems and services in SOA, the services' derivation, mutual cooperation to perform specific tasks, composition, etc. In this article, we introduce a new approach to describe behaviour of services in SOA, including behaviour of underlying systems of components, which form the services' implementation. The behavioural description uses the process algebra π-calculus and it is demonstrated on a case study of a service-oriented architecture for functional testing of complex safety-critical systems.


The performance of a Si detector and examples of its application are mentioned. The action mechanism of the Si detector is explained by comparatively simple equations, and the relation between bias voltage, particle ranges, and effective thickness of the Si detector are shown. By the use of this detector, a distinct alpha spectrum is obtained, which indicates that it is suitable as an alpha survey meter. This detector can be applied to neutron-monitoring on the basis of Li/sup 6/(n,t)He/sup 4/. It can be applied also as a dose-rate meter for high levels of radiation. The principle of the Li-drifted method is explained. This is the effective method of extending practical application of the detector to radiation other than alpha rays by enlarging the effective thickness. A Lidrifted Si detector manufactured for trial is also mentioned. (Nucl. Sci. Abstr. Japan, Vol. 2, No. 4.)


This is a report on relationships between life crises and psychiatric impairment in a community sample of 938 adults in New Haven, Connecticut.It is part of a longitudinal study of the population of a community mental health center catchment area. The theoretical framework for the paper finds its roots in two bodies of socio-medical literature, namely, stress research and epidemiological field studies of mental illness. The specific research question is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between the occurrence of life events, the patterning of such events and the degree of psychological impairment. As in other field studies, we discovered a significant amount of psychiatric impairment in the community. Eighteen per cent of the adults interviewed were classified as having a high symptom level (very impaired), 47 per cent as a medium symptom level (moderately impaired), and 35 per cent as a low symptom level (unimpaired). More important, we found significant relationships between these scores and the occurrence of life events in the year previous to our interview. First, the greater the degree of impairment the more likely is the individual to have experienced at least one of 62 life events for which we gathered information. Equally important, there is a very strong association between the number of events experienced and the individual's mental status: the greater the number of events reported by respondents, the greater the proportional difference between the percentage of unimpaired and the percentage of very impaired who experienced that number of events. When events are categorized according to type of social activity, changes in the respondent's social field and degree of desirability impairment are strongly and positively related to the experiencing of life crises. Finally, similar patterns are found for each of the individual life events with the exception of several biopsychosocial situations associated with the family developmental cycle.Certain cultural and social factors, particularly role expectations and values, are discussed as possible factors helping to account for the relationshipsfound above between life crises and psychiatric impairment.


One of the highest challenges observed by the researche
rs at the
complementary sorologic propedeutic have been the sear
ch for a better
antigenic preparation to the applications on the infect
ious diseases
immunodiagnostic aiming higher tests sensibility and spec
ificity. A new research
approach of fixed anti-forms epimastigotes IgG antibod
ies (FC-AFEA-IgG)
based on flow cytometry has been showed to be an alt
ernative tool to diagnosis
and monitoring of cure of chronic infection by
Trypanosoma cruzi
. In order to
continue such investigation, this study aims optimize and
 statistically evaluate
the FC-AFEA-IgG, principally regarding serologic diag
nosis of Chagas disease.
It was selected a total of 255 subjects, 52 adults chronical
ly infected by
T. cruzi
(CH) and 41 non-infected (NI) adults, to evaluate FC-A
FEA-IgG on the
diagnostic. To evaluate the monitoring of post-treatm
ent cure, 24 serum
samples of cured treated patients (CT) and 17 serum sampl
es of non-cured
treated patients (NCT) were analyzed. Addicionally, it
 was tested 121 serum
samples infected by others infectious disease; schistosomiasis, m
alaria,
toxoplasmosis, HTLV, HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, visceral leis
hmaniasis and
cutaneous leishmaniasis. All samples were submitted to conven
tional serology
tests specific to Chagas disease diagnosis. The optimization
results showed
that the methodological alterations related to the s
econdary antibody anti-Fc of
IgG use, the increase dilution layer of sample-tests (1
:16 to 1:32.768) and
debris elimination by the use of Evans blue dye to par
asite mark allowed a
better work of FC-AFEA-IgG modified when compared t
o the original. In
summary, the results showed that by using the serologi
c dilution at 1:2.048 and
the value of 60% of PPFP as a cut-off, the study of sero
logical reactivity of
T.
cruzi
 fixed anti-forms epimastigotes IgG is applied to the di
agnosis and
monitoring of post-treatment cure of Chagas' disease,
 with sensibility and
specificity values of 97,1% and 95,4%, respectivel


A special waveform to replace the power supply of a modified D-latch is presented. The power supply only exists when it is needed. Hence, the amount of switching at certain nodes is reduced. Furthermore, the voltage ramp in the power supply waveform enables energy recovery. HSPICE simulations show that the power consumption has been reduced by between 11.4 and 64.2%.


Inflammatory transverse myelitis is a rare condition that affects one or more levels of the spinal cord. Its etiology includes multiple sclerosis, infectious causes, or disorders within the spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. It presents acutely with motor, sensory, and/or dysautonomic symptoms, such as those related to the gastrointestinal and urinary systems. Diagnosis is based on symptomatology, evolution, and is confirmed by lumbar puncture, magnetic resonance imaging, and complete blood analysis. We present a clinical case of a patient with transverse myelitis who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, motor symptoms, and was diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging.


Abstract In academic/educational/teaching development circles, at least in the United Kingdom, North America and Australasia, there is increasing debate as to the credibility of professionals in the field. Coinciding with the recent discussions about the value and need to accredit university teachers and teaching, questions are being asked about the need to accredit academic developers. Academic developers themselves are asking questions such as: do we need to have studied specific disciplines?; do we need to be accredited by a national or an international body?; and in what ongoing professional development do we need to engage in order to keep up to date? To begin to collect background data relevant to these issues, I surveyed 71 developers from a wide range of Australasian institutions. From that sample I interviewed 22 developers. In this paper I report on issues of career paths, qualifications and the professional development of academic developers. 1 'Australasia . . . Australia, New Zealand and neig...


An apparatus for conveying bags used in a packaging machine for filling bags, said apparatus for conveying bags comprising: a chain wheel (1) driven so as to rotate a fixed guide member (3) having a section guide means (2) of substantially semicircular shape, said fixed guide member (3) disposed substantially in the same horizontal plane being said chain wheel (1) with a specific spacing between them, an endless chain (6, 156) provided between said sprocket (1) and said guide section (2), said endless chain (6, 156) comprising a plurality of links (7, 157) are connected by connecting rods (9) being, and a plurality of pairs (41) of grippers installed in equally spaced manner in said endless chain (6, 156), said conveyor apparatus being characterized in that: the sprocket (1) is driven to be rotated in a horizontal plane, said plur ality of pairs (41) of grippers are intended to catch both edges of a bag, guide rollers (12, 13) that can be rotated around their vertical axes, are arranged on each of said connecting rods ( 9), a roller internal guide (11) that can be rotated around a horizontal axis thereof is disposed in an interior of each of said links (7) side and said guide section (2) said fixed guide member (3) is provided with a section (21, 22) of guide rollers and a guide groove (23), said guide rollers being in contact with said guide (21, 22) of rollers and mounting said internal guide roller (11) in said guide groove (23); and wherein said chain wheel (1) is provided on an outer circumferential surface thereof, the recessed portions (31, 32) equally spaced so that said guide rollers (12, 13) of said endless chain (6 , 156) applied to said recessed portions (31, 32), and said sprocket (1) is further provided with a groove support (33) so that said roller inner guide (11) of said mount endless chain in said throat support (33).


Objective To investigate the relationship between blood lactate and prognosis in term with asphyxia.Methods Blood samples from 133 term newborn with asphyxia were detected by using the Premier 3000 in different time first hour and ninth hour,and evalue the relation between blood lactate level and NBNA score.Results In first hour,the mild ones is(8.32±4.6)mmol/L,the severe ones is(12.13±4.4)mmol/L,P0.01.In ninth hour,the mild ones is(3.4±1.0)mmol/L,the severe ones is(6.3±1.8)mmol/L,P0.05.For NBNA sore,in second week postborn,the mild is(33.0±4.3),the severe is(27.4±3.2),P0.01.In third week postborn,the mild is(37.2±1.6),the severe is(33.1±2.7),P0.01.Conclusions The severe of asphyxia,the higher of blood lactate,the lower of NBNA score,the worse of prognosis.


The second boundary value problem of Stokes equations in the upper half plane is reduced to natural integral equations with hypersingular kernels in the sense of the Hadamard finite part.Consequently,the Galerkin-Quasi-Wavelets method is applied to its equivalent variational problem on the boundary.Simple computational formulae of the entries in stiffness matrix are obtained,and they are diagonally dominant.This greatly reduces the amount of calculation and improves precision.


Surveillance meaning to "watch over" is the act of monitoring the activities in an area mainly to recognize and monitor threats and to prevent any undesirable or criminal activity. Surveillance plays a very crucial role especially in fields like that of military, where security is of utmost priority. The traditional systems used for surveillance face a number of flaws and thus our project aims at providing a more efficient and reliable solution for the purpose of surveillance. This project is aimed at designing a simple yet elegant swarm robotic system that can perform the task of surveillance at a much higher degree of reliability and robustness than that which is provided by the current systems wherein either humans are used or then not very reliable systems such as CCTV cameras. Swarm robotics is the study of robotic systems consisting of a large group of relatively small and simple robots that interact and cooperate with each other in order to jointly solve tasks that are outside their own individual capabilities. Swarm robotic system will work in a distributed fashion so as to cover the entire intended area efficiently. The system would have decentralized communication and thus it would be very difficult to break down the system and thus providing very high reliability.


The second-order correction to the Feynman expression for the polaron effective mass is calculated and found to be less than 9% of the Feynman result. In addition, the second-order correction to the ground-state energy of the polaron as given by Marshall and Mills is reevaluated and checked. For both observables we derive analytical expressions in the weak- and strong-coupling limit and compare with recent Monte Carlo results


Objective To explore the clinical value of sornatosensory cortex evoked potential(CSEP)monitoring in objective evaluation for spinal cord function and integrity,as well as judgement for the prognosis of surgery.Methods CSEP monitoring was performed before the operation,during surgical procedure and after the operation in 54 cases of spinal cord surgery patients.The latency and amplitude of cortical potential were observed and analyzed.Ampli- tude reduces≥50% or prolonged latency≥10% were taken as scilicet alarming standards.Results True negative finding was 72.22% (39/54)where both the latency and the amplitude without abnormality changes during the oper- ation and without new neural functional deficit after operation.False negative finding was 0.18% (1/54)where the latency and the amplitude without abnormality changes during surgical procedure and with new neural functional deficit after operation.True positive findings was 25.93 % (14/54) where transient prolonged latency10% and re- duced amplitude50% during surgical procedure were observed.After suspending procedure or changing direction during surgical procedure,the waveform restored or improved.Conclusion CSEP monitoring during surgical proce- dure have sensitiveness of distracting spinal cord,ischemia and injury.In a timely manner of interference will im- prove the monitoring of CSEP.CSEP have an important value in preventing spinal cord injury and evaluating the prognostic of neural function because CSEP can be better reflect the function and integrity of the spinal cord.


seem incompatible with the general concern about road accidents, but in actual fact it is the demand for brisk acceleration rather than higher maximum speed that has caused designers to develop more and more powerful engines. Properly used, a lively performance should reduce driving hazards on crowded roads, and the motor industry can also claim to have made concurrent improvements in brakes and steering. Whether drivers in general will use this performance wisely is, perhaps, somewhat conjectural. At the recent motor shows in London and Paris enlarged engines were featured in a number of well-known cars as diverse in character as the Hillman Minx, Ford Corsair, Volkswagen, Citroen, Mercedes Benz, and Opel. Other makers continued the familiar process of extracting more power from unchanged cylinder sizes by expedients such as multiple carburation, bigger valves, streamlined exhaust tracts, and higher compression ratios.


Yan'an gas field is a typical tight sandstone reservoir with multiple gas layers, large vertical span, variable size of effective sandbody, high heterogeneity, and complex surface ground environment. Due to the depositional background including both continental and marine face, the tight gas reservoir shows marginal characteristics with low porosity/permeability, thin sandbody thickness and low lateral continuity. If the field is recovered by the current mainstream technology "horizontal drilling+multi-stages hydraulic fracturing", the subsurface reserves will not be controlled fully, resulting in low economic benefit. With over a decade of practice, a cost-effective hybrid well pattern adapted to each layer and each region was formed which shows its efficiency in development of Yan'an gas field. In the hybrid well pattern, directional (vertical) well is adopted to fully control the reserves of the four main gas-bearing layers, while horizontal well is adopted to maximize the production for the reserve-enriched layers. Unlike the uniform well spacing for the marine tight gas reservoir, the well spacing in Yan'an gas field is non-uniform to adapt the strong heterogeneity in terms of storage and percolation, and the methodology to quantify the well spacing according to the local reservoir property was discussed in detail. To decrease the sand-lost drilling risk in such a low sand-continuity reservoir, the strategy named "sand recognition while drilling" is proposed for the well placement. The mathematical models for designing the directional (vertical) wells and horizontal wells are also presented in this work. In addition, the non-technical factors such as loess plateau topography and coal/water/oil resources overlay give large difficulties to open the well site and extended reach wells are required, and the criterion in selection different types of well group was given mathematically as well. The above factors in constraint the well pattern are summarized with property constraint, local constraint, macro constraint and environment constraint. The hybrid well pattern successfully unlocked and maximized the marginal gas field.


OBJECTIVE
MMP-8 is a prominent collagenase in periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study examined whether MMP-8 levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are associated with periodontitis in a Swiss population.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A total of 258 subjects (107 m, 151 f, mean age: 43.5 yr; range: 21-58 yr) acquired from the Swiss bone marrow donor registry participated in the study. Saliva and GCF samples were collected from subjects followed by a thorough dental and periodontal examination. MMP-8 levels were determined with immunofluorometric assay. Associations of MMP-8 levels with periodontal diagnosis, probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing were statistically analysed with Pearson chi-square test, Spearman's rho and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
MMP-8 in GCF correlated with MMP-8 in saliva (p < .001). Periodontitis was more common (p < .001) among subjects with high levels of MMP-8 in saliva and/or GCF compared with subjects with low levels of MMP-8. Higher MMP-8 levels in GCF and saliva were associated with any periodontal diagnosis (mild, moderate or severe), greater PPD, and bleeding on probing (p < .05). When age, gender, smoking, body mass index, number of medications and decayed, missing and filled teeth were adjusted for, all observed associations remained statistically significant. The area under curve of receiver-operating characteristic was 0.67 for saliva and 0.71 for GCF.

CONCLUSION
Elevated MMP-8 levels both in saliva and GCF are associated with periodontitis in a normal adult population.


After 152 years, Robert E. Lee is back in the headlines. But not in any way he could have imagined. The "Unite the Right" forces descended on Charlottesville, Va., to protest calls for the removal of an equestrian statue of Lee that has been sitting in a city park since 1924. The larger question, however, was about whether the famous Confederate general was also a symbol of white supremacy. The same issues were in play in May when a statue of Lee was removed from Lee Circle in New Orleans. There are also more than two dozen streets and schools named for Lee that have become debating points about symbols of white nationalism. One Army installation in Petersburg, Va., bears Lee's name; another, Fort Hamilton in New York City, names a driveway for him. (excerpt)


This article explores the relationship between academic disciplines' representation in the United Kingdom Open University's (OU) OpenLearn open educational resources (OER) repository and in the OU's fee-paying curriculum. Becher's (1989) typology was used to subdivide the OpenLearn and OU fee-paying curriculum content into four disciplinary categories: Hard Pure (e.g., Science), Hard Applied (e.g., Technology), Soft Pure (e.g., Arts) and Soft Applied (e.g., Education). It was found that while Hard Pure and Hard Applied disciplines enjoy an increased share of the OER curriculum, Soft Applied disciplines are under-represented as OER. Possible reasons for this disparity are proposed and Becher's typology is adapted to be more appropriate to 21st-century higher education.


Introduction The sea of Marmara is located in the western end of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) system. This region is a transition zone between the strike slip regime of the NAF and the extension regime of the Aegean Sea. The Marmara Sea is located immediately west of the first bifurcation of the NAF, and another bifurcation (Main Marmara Fault and South Boundary Fault) occurs in the Sea. The 17 August 1999, Izmit earthquake ruptured the NAF at the east margin of the Marmara Sea. The westward migration of the series of large earthquakes along the NAF suggests that the possibility of occurrence of large earthquakes is high at the Marmara region. To investigate detailed micro seismicity in the Marmara region, we have conducted seismic observations using ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs).


This article presents discussions and literature reading practices in the classroom for students of the sixth grade of elementary school, from the relationship between text and art and cultural objects, based on intertextuality, aimed at the formation of the literary reader. This discussion part of a cutout in the dissertation research being developed in the Professional Master's Program in Letters (PROFLETRAS), the State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE), campus of Cascavel and is based on the intertextuality of assumption to build proposals of literary literacy. The theoretical basis for such considerations are reading concepts, literature, children's literature and the experience of the Spanish researcher Antonio Mendoza Fillola with intertextuality and comparative literature.