9559 Background: Metastatic neuroblastoma continues to carry a dismal prognosis. Radiation is an important part of the treatment for these patients and PARP inhibitors have been shown to radio-sensitize cancer cells. We hypothesize that the PARP inhibitor MK-4827 will radio-sensitize neuroblastoma cells and lead to a survival benefit in an in vivo model of metastatic neuroblastoma.

METHODS
Clonogenic survival assays were performed in four human neuroblastoma cell lines [Kelly, NB1691, SY5Y, Tet21(Myc-N expressed) and Tet21 (Myc-N suppressed)] with MK-4827 as a single agent and in combination with radiation. PARP activity in the presence of MK-4827 was assessed at varying concentrations and time points by a PARP activity assay (Trevigen, Inc.) as well as by western blot analysis of Poly-ADP-ribose. Phosphorylated H2AX, a marker of DNA strand breaks, was determined by FACS. In vivo activity of MK-4827 as a single agent and in combination with radiation was assessed in a murine metastatic neuroblastoma model using luciferase modified NB1691 cells. Survival benefit was assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimates.

RESULTS
Clonogenic survival assays revealed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in all neuroblastoma cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 13-38 nM, an effect that was significantly enhanced by radiation. Maximal PARP inhibition of approximately 60% was obtained within 1 hour of MK-4827 administration, and was sustained for 48 hours. Phosphorylated H2AX remained elevated for significantly longer time periods in cells treated with MK-4827 and radiation compared to radiation treatment alone. Mice treated with a combination of MK-4827 and radiation showed significantly reduced tumor burden (p<0.01) and longer survival (p<0.01) compared to mice treated with MK-4827 as single agent.

CONCLUSIONS
The PARP inhibitor MK-4827 cooperates with radiation to enhance cell death of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Combination of MK-4827 with radiation decreases tumor burden and prolongs survival in a metastatic neuroblastoma model in vivo. MK-4827 in combination with radiation appears to be a promising new therapy for treatment of metastatic neuroblastoma.


Objective-prism and slit spectrograms have been obtained in the wave-length range 9000-11000 A for a variety of spectra of early type. The nitrogen and carbon sequences of Wolf-Rayet stars are sharply differentiated in this wave-length range: the principal emission features are to be attributed to Eel, He n, and C m. X 10830 of He i is found in the spectra of P Cygni, y Cassiopeiae, and ß Lyrae. At the dispersions employed, only the Paschen series in absorption is seen in spectra of a Lyrae and a Aquilae. INTRODUCTION The characteristics of N and late M spectra photographed with the combined 4° and 6° objective prisms of the Curtis Schmidt on I-Z(2) plates have been described in an earlier note (Miller 1953a). Spectra of stars of early type form the subject of this communication. Our experience in warm-weather work with the hypersensitized I-Z(2) emulsion may be of interest. The plates of N and M stars were taken at air temperatures below 0° C; those of the present program at temperatures above +15° C. The first of the latter were badly fogged, although a plate kept in a box at the telescope and developed unexposed was fog-free. This hinted at a solution of the difficulty: by exposing through a filter, warm-weather fogging was eliminated. In our plateholders, the addition of a filter incloses the plate in an airtight box with a volume of 140 cc. By preventing circulation of warm air over the emulsion, plate fog is minimized. On a number of the Schmidt plates, spectra of a Lyrae were superposed. Paschen 6 and 7, together with telluric bands, served to establish a wave-length scale for the program stars. The zero point for each of the latter is necessarily somewhat uncertain, since the telluric features on which it depends are diffuse and sometimes in underexposed spectral regions. Through the kindness of Dr. Keller, director of the Perkins Observatory, the writer had full use of the 69-inch reflector equipped with the two-prism spectrograph, for a week in August, 1953. The neon comparison spectrum and dispersion of 512 A/mm at Paschen 6, as compared with 1450 A/mm for the Schmidt plates, made this material of the greatest value in interpreting the objective-prism spectra. The observing program included a number of stars of late spectral type which are not referred to in the present discussion. Table 1 lists the spectrograms available for each star; those of the first seven were generally unwidened. Exposures for the Schmidt plates range from 5 to 90 minutes, and for the slit spectrograms from 15 minutes to 4 hours. The plate taken with the 4° objective prism was useful only in estimating relative intensities of emission lines. The numerous plates for a Lyrae are due to its use as wave-length standard on objective-prism plates and as test star in focusing the slit spectrograph. Typical objective-prism spectrograms are illustrated in Figure 1. On plates made with the combined objective prisms, the distance between P6 and P7 is 0.65 mm. The striking difference between the WN and WC spectra will be noted. The resolution obtained with the objective prisms may be judged by comparing the microdensitometer tracings of


The approximating and eliminating search algorithm (AESA) is probably the technique requiring the fewest distance computations for nearest-neighbour searching in general metric spaces. In this paper we propose direct and refined extensions to the AESA for finding k-nearest-neighbours. Results of a number of experiments involving synthetic data are reported, showing that both extensions, and especially the last one, lead to computational savings similar to that of the original (1-NN) AESA.


The steam chemical cleaning of the internal surfaces of the screen tubes of the boiler TGMP-344A of Minsk TPP-4 was developed by the engineers of Private Company «LvivORGRES» and implemented in production. The methods and stages of its conduct are presented. The principal scheme of operation steam chemical cleaning of the boiler TGMP-344A and its description is given. The list of devices for controlling the parameters of circulation and steam purging is presented. A table of the chemicals used for steam chemical purification was submitted. Comparative results of contaminations of heating surfaces of the boiler before and after the steam chemical cleaning are presented. It is shown that the application of steam chemical cleaning of the boiler provides a significant decreasing in the formation of new deposits on the internal surfaces of the boiler screen tubes. After using of this technology, 94 % of deposits were removed from the steam-water path of the boiler, compared with the initial contamination, and it was determined the removed amount of iron in terms of Fe2O3 is 3464 kg. Bibl. 6, Fig. 1, Tab. 2.


Objectives: To propose a tool to detect and locate malignant nodules and microcalcifications in mammography and judge its potential as a screening tool. Methods: In this institutional review board approved retrospective study we presented a new tool based on deep learning techniques to predict and locate lesions in mammograms, called quantusMM. 3,114 mammograms from 976 patients were collected from Onkologikoa (Instituto Oncologico de Kutxa) databases for this purpose: 1,248 images with malignant nodules, 736 with malignant microcalcifications and 1,131 without any suspicious findings. The proposed methods split the images in patches to be able to locate the lesions in the image. Then, these methods select the patches most likely to have a lesion based on the brightness values of the pixels. 80% of the selected patches (with the corresponding outcome) were used to train deep learning algorithms and the remaining 20% were used to test the performance to classify into malignant parts or control parts. Results: The proposed methods obtain an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 95.5% to predict malignant nodules using the patches, and 90.4% to predict malignant nodules into the whole images. To predict malignant microcalcifications the method obtains an AUC of 99.0% into patches and 90.0% into the whole images. Conclusions: The proposed tool shows potential to predict and locate malignant nodules and microcalcification lesions in mammography. This new approach could help in the first screening of patients and also could greatly benefit radiologists to support decision making.


The existence of solutions for the Lippmann‐Schwinger (LS) equation for the Coulomb problem is studied by investigating whether its kernel belongs to the Hilbert‐Schmidt (HS) class. The kernel for each partial wave is shown to belong to the HS class for complex energies whereas for real energies it becomes unbounded. Unlike the case of short range potentials, e.g., the Yukawa potential, even the suitably symmetrized kernel does not belong to the HS class for real, positive energies. These formal properties strongly indicate that a unique limit for the partial wave off‐shell Coulomb T matrix as it approaches the unitarity axis may not exist. It is found that exploiting the O(4) symmetry of the Coulomb Hamiltonian (H) in the subspace of the negative spectrum of H and the O(3, 1) symmetry in the subspace of the positive spectrum of H, one can construct the off‐shell Coulomb T matrix in terms of the eigen‐solutions (Sturmians) of the kernel of the Lippmann‐Schwinger equation. These follow from the work of Per...


We develop a singular pseudodifferential calculus. The symbols that we consider do not satisfy the standard decay with respect to the frequency variables. We thus adopt a strategy based on the Calderon-Vaillancourt Theorem. The remainders in the symbolic calculus are bounded operators on $L^2$, whose norm is measured with respect to some small parameter. Our main improvement with respect to an earlier work by Williams consists in showing a regularization effect for the remainders. Due to a nonstandard decay in the frequency variables, the regularization takes place in a scale of anisotropic, and singular, Sobolev spaces. Our analysis allows to extend previous results on the existence of highly oscillatory solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic problems. The results are also used in a companion work to justify nonlinear geometric optics with boundary amplification, which corresponds to a more singular regime than any other one considered before. The analysis is carried out with either an additional real or periodic variable in order to cover problems for pulses or wavetrains in geometric optics.


The rapid growth of Android malware calls for anti-malware systems to detect malware automatically. Detecting malware effectively is a non-trivial problem due to the high overlap in behaviors between malware and benign apps. Most existing automated Android malware detection methods use statistic features extracted from apps or graphs generated from method calls to identify malware. However, the methods that only use statistic features lead to false positives due to ignoring program semantics. Existing graph-based approaches suffer scalability problems due to the heavy-weight program analysis and time-consuming graph matching. In addition, graph-based approaches could be evaded by modifying dependencies among method calls. As a result, crafted malicious apps resemble the benign ones.In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning-based detection system, named RGDroid, which is capable of detecting malware under graph structural attacks. It combines API information extracted from Android document and learns behavior features from function call graph by graph neural network. Specifically, to defend against graph adversarial attacks, RGDroid reduces the connectivity of different functional parts to mitigate the effect of structural modifications on the final graph embedding. To comprehensively evaluate the robustness of RGDroid, we implement four influential graph adversarial attacks to simulate current capabilities and knowledge of Android malware attackers. The attack success rate (ASR) of two state-of-the-art detection systems (i.e., MaMaDroid, MalScan) is above 70.0% while the ASR of RGDroid under the four graph attacks is below 6.1%.


New product innovation and R&D are important sources for firms to obtain competitive advantages, and market knowledge is the core element for firms to obtain new product innovation performance. However, it can be also found out that the relevant discussion upon innovation has been still limited to restricted theories and the developing empirical researching area by reviewing the literature. Based on knowledge-based theory, a questionnaire survey of 220 high-technology and internet firms in China was conducted to empirically analyze the relationship between innovation driven, potential absorptive capacity, and new product innovation performance. The study found that: the potential absorptive capacity mediates the relationship between market orientation and new product performance, technological opportunity and new product performance, and the potential absorptive capability positively adjusts the relationship between technological opportunities and realized absorptive capacity. It is possible to understand more clearly the process of firms acquiring and digesting information, transforming and mining knowledge to achieve new product innovation performance by analyzing the process of knowledge absorption and conversion.


We propose an implementation of a singlet-only spin qubit in a GaAs-based triple quantum dot with a (1,4,1) charge occupation. In the central multi-electron dot, the interplay between Coulomb interaction and an out-of-plane magnetic field creates an energy spectrum with a tunable singlet-triplet splitting, which can be exploited to create a six-particle singlet-only qubit with a qubit splitting that can straightforwardly be tuned over tens of $\mu$eV by adjusting the external magnetic field. We confirm the full exchange-based electric control of the qubit and demonstrate its superior coherence properties due to its singlet-only nature.


Abstract An improved channel resistance method is proposed to extract gate bias dependent source and drain series resistance (RSD), effective channel length (Leff = Lmask-ΔL), and mobility. A nonscaling of the total resistance RTOT = VDS/IDS of short channel device is observed because of mobility degradation of the short channel MOSFETs. The proposed method considers the variation of the effective mobility as a function of channel length.


Several physiological responses of Mentha piperita L. leaves at different positions along the stern were investigated under Cu 2+ deficiency conditions and compared with excess and control. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and the ratio of chlorophylls to carotenoids in all leaf positions were significantly lower than those of control under Cu 2+ deficiency. The highest decreases were determined under excess condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 126.96.36.199), catalase (CAT, EC 18.104.22.168), ascorbate-dependent peroxidase (AsA-dep POD, EC 126.96.36.199) and guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (Gua-dep POD, EC 188.8.131.52) activities in all leaf positions in the absence of Cu 2+ were higher than control and showed a positive correlation with each other. SOD activities under excess conditions were higher than deficiency, while all of the other enzyme activities were significantly lower than control. Co-operative functions of all these enzymes in the absence of Cu 2+ resulted in lower lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) than control and excess conditions. Except for Gua-dep POD, all other antioxidant enzyme activities reached their maximum, while LPO level their minimum at leaf position 6. The antioxidant enzyme activities and LPO level variations were investigated with decreasing Cu 2+ concentration ranging from 3.2 x 10 -2 to 0 µM depend on the incubation time, and the results were showed an increase of 2.4-fold for SOD, 4-fold for CAT, 2-fold for AsA-dep POD and 3-fold for Gua-dep POD activities in the absence of Cu 2+ compared to the control on the 12 th day. Although enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, LPO levels also increased approximately 2-fold compared to control in the absence of Cu 2+ on the 12 th day and its levels significantly increased with decreasing of Cu 2+ afterwards. Abbreviations: AsA-dep POD = ascorbate-dependent peroxidase.; CAT = catalase.; Gua-dep POD = guaiacol-dependent peroxidase.; MOA = malondialdehyde.; LPO = lipid peroxidation.; ROS = reactive oxygen species.; 6-0HDA = 6-hydroxydopamine.; SOD = superoxide dismutase.; TBA = thiobarbituric acid.


Entrepreneurship in India is a catalyst for a nation's growth and development. Other countries, like Japan, Russia, the USA, have remarkable growth in entrepreneurial practices, which also leads to their country's growth and prosperity. Their economies are much more robust and self-dependent. It contributes considerably to production, and this sector creates nearly one-third of total export. The study explores the impact of entrepreneurial registrations on the country's economic development, especially employment. Unemployment in the country is a major problem that needs to be tackled. A country's growth and development have a robust positive relationship with the number of its population's employment. A country with colossal work has excellent development chances as the economy's demand and supply side is balanced. The study aims to find the statistical relationship between entrepreneurial rolls and employment generation. It has used the existing literature as a secondary source to fulfil this purpose. Some statistical tools are employed to check the trend and relationship between the variable and concludes that entrepreneurship has a vast potential to solve various economic problems. Still, it needs proper guidelines, assistance and support (financial, technical and legal) to boost economic condition.


The present invention relates to a pure traditional Chinese medicine for treating hepatitis B and its preparation method. The effective component of said medicine is taken from cyclene ether-terpene glycoside compound of Chinese medicinal herb rhizome picrorhizae and its main componentis rhizoma picrorhizae glycoside II. The present invention also provides freeze-dried powder for injection.


Unified pixel-based (PB) beamforming has previously been implemented for ultrasound imaging. It was shown to offer significant enhancements in lateral resolution compared to conventional dynamic focusing. Yet, there is still interference from clutter and high sidelobe artefacts that limit the the contrast resolution. In this paper, we propose a combination of the unified pixel-based approach with filtered delay multiply and sum (F-DMAS) as a way of further improving the image quality. This hybrid strategy leverages the spatial coherence among signals collected from regions far from the focal depth. As a result, it helps suppress artefacts from the sidelobes and clutter, which can enhance the contrast resolution on the generated image. The new beamformer is evaluated on both simulation and data from an experimental study. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the lateral resolution and image contrast over the unified PB beamformer. Compared to the F-DMAS, it maintains the high contrast resolution while generating uniform brightness over the entire imaging region.


Anorexia nervosa (AN) is frequently associated with anxiety, depression, and problematic exercise (PE). These uncontrolled physical activities inducing resistance to the therapeutic protocols. Some recent studies demonstrated that adding controlled and adapted physical activities (APA) in the therapeutic protocol was more positive for AN patients than the usual physical activity suppression. The aim of the present study was to highlight different profiles of AN patients in order to better individually adapt the physical activity programs, and thus the therapeutic impact of the future APA programs. Problematic exercises, cardio-respiratory fitness, perceived fitness and mood were measured in fifty-two AN patients [all females, 17.15 (± 2.22) years old, BMI = 16.49(± 1.54)] from three different French therapeutic centers. Then, a latent profile analysis allowed to exhibit 3 classes corresponding to 3 different profiles of AN patients. A first patient profile was characterized by proven PE with lower anxiety and depression. A second profile exhibited a moderate PE coupled with a high level of anxiety and depression. The last profile revealed patients without any PE, and medium scores in the other variables. These results lead to propose different angles and objectives to design and improve future APA programs according to these patient profiles.


An autocorrelation technique for the measurement of ultrashort laser pulse widths in the ultraviolet is demonstrated. Multiphoton ionization is used as the nonlinear process.


Direct numerical simulation of fully three-dimensional, compressible and nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic equations in the Large Helical Device is carried out in combination with the passive particle simulation. In the simulation, strong vortical motions are excited by the pressure-driven instability and form the mushroom-like structures of pressure. It is shown by the passive particles analysis that the fluid volumes around the resonant magnetic surfaces experience finite compressibility and toroidal deformation, which are both excited by the strong vortical motions. The passive particles simulation helps us to investigate local structures even for low Fourier wavenumber modes.


With the advent of ubiquitous sensing, robust communication and advanced computation, datadriven modeling is increasingly becoming popular for many engineering problems. Eliminating difficulties of physics-based modeling, avoiding simplifying assumptions and ad hoc empirical models are significant among many advantages of data-driven approaches, especially for large-scale complex systems. While classical statistics and signal processing algorithms have been widely used by the engineering community, advanced machine learning techniques have not been sufficiently explored in this regard. This study summarizes various categories of machine learning tools that have been applied or may be a candidate for addressing engineering problems. While there are increasing number of machine learning algorithms, the main steps involved in applying such techniques to the problems consist in: data collection and pre-processing, feature extraction, model training and inference for decision-making. To support decision-making processes in many applications, hierarchical feature extraction is key. Among various feature extraction principles, recent studies emphasize hierarchical approaches of extracting salient features that is carried out at multiple abstraction levels from data. In this context, the focus of the dissertation is towards developing hierarchical feature extraction algorithms within the framework of machine learning in order to solve challenging cyber-physical problems in various domains such as electromechanical systems and agricultural systems. Furthermore, the feature extraction techniques are described using the spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal data types collected from the systems. The wide applicability of such features in solving some selected real-life domain problems are demonstrated throughout this study.


The present invention provides a kit comprising an absorbent article and a wrapper for the absorbent article. The envelope boundaries are defined. Dividing said envelope such that the envelope comprises a strip which defines at least one fracture, the strip is set such that the absorbent article can be wound and / or folded within the envelope and providing the strip is wound and held in / or folding structure. The present invention also provides a method for processing the absorbent article.


Many attempts have been carried out to overcome the bottleneck of test data bandwidth between the tester and the chip in the concept of combining BIST and test data compression. In this paper we present a new test data-compression scheme that is a hybrid approach between external testing and Built-In Self-Test (BIST). The proposed approach is based on Low-Power (LP) programmable generator capable of producing pseudorandom test patterns with desired toggling levels and enhanced fault coverage gradient compared with the best-to-date Built-In Self-Test (BIST) based pseudorandom test pattern generators. The same technique is extended to deterministically guide the ring generator toward predefined test sequences with improved faultcoverage for test cube based decompression. Furthermore, the proposed LP test compression method efficiency is proved by compare it with existing methods that allows the accurate test power envelope during testing mode. The efficiency of BIST in power reduction through transition control is also proved with


State of emergency is a specific form of state of emergency in which there is a state due to the occurrence of unexpected and difficult circumstances for the survival of the property and citizens. This state requires the introduction of the regime of emergency measures that aim to keep legal and political activities of state bodies. Author of the paper studies the powers and duties of the parliament as the bearer of the sovereignty of the emergency legal regime. At the first part analyzes the normative solutions in Serbia and surrounding countries. Author analyzes solutions of the Constitution of Republic of Serbia and solutions of legislatory. Special emphasis is placed on the existence of unjustified legal dualism between emergency and situations of emergency. The second part studied the action of public authorities because of extraordinary circumstances where specifically analyzing the authority of Parliament and the declaration of the state of emergency, parliamentary work, attitude toward executive power and restriction of human and minority rights.


The objective of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in rice by upscaling a field-scale heavy metal assessment (FHMA) model from field to regional scale. The FHMA model was established on the basis of spectral parameters in combination with soil parameters by employing a generalized dynamic fuzzy neural network. The piecewise function and ordinary kriging were developed to suit the upscaled spectral parameters and soil parameters, respectively. In addition, the network structure and fuzzy rules, which had already been developed in the FHMA model, would yperion data SD data iecewise function be subsequently extracted as those of the regional-scale heavy metal assessment (RHMA) model. The results showed that the latter performed well at prediction with a correlation coefficient (R2) and model efficiency (ME) greater than 0.70, and can be applied to other areas, perhaps universally. This study suggests that it is feasible to accurately estimate regional heavy-metal concentrations in rice by scaling up the FHMA if such a strategy is appropriately selected and finds that the piecewise function is well ctral suited to transferring spe


Abstract This paper is an argument for drawing creative practice to the center of philosophical aesthetics. Such an approach would engage philosophical problems that originate from artistic practices. It would also give aesthetics a role in the cultivation of creative practices, both inside and outside of traditional artistic fields. As such aesthetics would begin to engage questions that are pertinent to creativity and the enhancement of artful living.


When the ZigBee technology is used on wild field work, it is important to reduce the energy consumption. Based on the analysis of routing process, the strategies are improved to optimize the transmitting power which is fixed in the old strategies, and make simulation and measurement. The experiment proves it can reduce the energy consumption by 30% , effectively enhances the overall performance of ZigBee network and has certain practical value.


In dogs, cardiac potassium balance was not altered by elevation of heart rate in 27 heartlungs and 4 open-chest preparations, under pentobarbital anesthesia or after cyclopropane anesthesia.

Additional pentobarbital (45 to 180 mg) caused cardiac failure but did not affect cardiac potassium balance. Acceleration of heart rate now caused loss of potassium from the heart.

Dihydro-ouabain (300 µg) reversed the failure produced by pentobarbital and caused potassium loss from the heart beating at normal rate. Acceleratioll of heart rate now caused the same potassium loss seen with pentobarbital failure.


We show that including pairing and repulsion into the description of 1D spinless fermions, as in the domain wall theory of commensurate melting or the interacting Kitaev chain, leads, for strong enough repulsion, to a line of critical points in the eight vertex universality class terminating floating phases with emergent U(1) symmetry. For nearest-neighbor repulsion and pairing, the variation of the critical exponents along the line that can be extracted from Baxter's exact solution of the XYZ chain at $J_x=-J_z$ is fully confirmed by extensive DMRG simulations of the entire phase diagram, and the qualitative features of the phase diagram are shown to be independent of the precise form of the interactions.


We propose a method to estimate non-Gaussian error bars on the matter power spectrum from galaxy surveys in the presence of non-trivial survey selection functions. The estimators are often obtained from formalisms like FKP and PKL, which rely on the assumption that the underlying field is Gaussian. The Monte Carlo method is more accurate but involves the tedious process of running and cross-correlating a large number of N-body simulations, in which the survey volume is embedded. From 200 N-body simulations, we extract a non-linear covariance matrix as a function of two scales and of the angle between two Fourier modes. All the non-Gaussian features of that matrix are then simply parametrized in terms of a few fitting functions and Eigenvectors. We furthermore develop a fast and accurate strategy that combines our parameterization with a general galaxy survey selection function, and incor- porate non-Gaussian Poisson uncertainty. We describe how to incorporate these two distinct non-Gaussian contributions into a typical analysis pipeline, and apply our method with the se- lection function from the 2dFGRS. We find that the observed Fourier modes correlate at much larger scales than that predicted by both FKP formalism or by pure N-body simulation in a "top hat" selection function. In particular, the observed Fourier modes are already 50 per cent correlated at k\sim0.1hMpc^(-1), and the non-Gaussian fractional variance on the power spectrum ({\sigma} /P(k))^2 is about a factor of 3.0 larger than the FKP prescription. At k~0.4hMpc^(-1), the deviations are an order of magnitude.


REZIME Faults and disturbances in the fixed access telecommunication networks made of symmetrical copper pairs through which triple-play services are delivered, are common occurrence. These faults and malfunctions can do a greater or lesser extent affect the QoS (Quality of Service) of triple-play services, especially IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) which is far most demanding service. This paper will describe some of the existing methods and tools for the detection of faults and disturbances. Also, this paper will describe some new test scenarios designed for more successful detection of faults and disturbances in order to allow higher quality of tripleplay services.


An environmental protection SBS adhesive was prepared with SBS elastomer as base resin, tackifying resin as modifier, and appropriate blend solvent. The effects of the types and ratio of SBS, tackifying resin and environmental protection solvent on the SBS adhesive performance were investigated. The the best formula of adhesive was ensured. The results showed that the adhesive answer completely for correlation standard request, shear strength was 1.6 MPa, open time was 60 min, viscidity (25 ℃) was 350 mPa·s and anti-freeze performance was eligible when mass fraction of SBS elastomer was 13 phr(thereinto mass ratio of YH-796 and YH-801 was 6∶7), mass fraction of terpene resin was 10 phr, mass fraction of C9 oil resin was 6.7 phr, mass fraction of rosin was 6.7 phr, mass fraction of 264 anti-ageing agent was 1 phr, mass fraction of ethyl acetate was 9.6 phr, mass fraction of butyl acetate was 1 phr and mass fraction of solvent naphatha was 52 phr.


During software maintenance developers spend a considerable amount of time on tasks like navigating, identifying required code locations or tracing various call hierarchies. The classical tabbed interfaces, as found in modern IDEs, are not ideal for such tasks, leading to an inefficient workflow containing many context switches. Therefore, several programming environments, like Code Bubbles, were proposed to overcome these issues by allowing users to freely arrange code fragments on a canvas to make relations more explicit and better understand the codebase. Relations are made explicit using visual links or extra space between groups of code fragments. As a consequence, these approach quickly run out of screen space. In this paper, we present IDEVELOPAR, a tool to enhance code understanding in augmented reality. Due to the use of AR, a user is not restricted anymore by limited display sizes and can use the entire physical space as a workspace for placing and grouping code fragments as well as making changes to the codebase. First, we introduce the views and interactive functionalities of our tool. Next, we illustrate the usefulness of the tool by navigating an example program to locate and fix a bug. Finally, we briefly discuss the results of a cognitive walk-through using the cognitive dimension framework as well as a formative user study to identify potential usability problems. Moreover, in this study the participants also mentioned several advantages of our approach over the classical one. Furthermore, we found that over time the participants developed their own placement strategies.


My purpose in this qualitative research was to describe the meaning of fetal death in the lives of Japanese women in a local community by interviewing women who experienced intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) after 28 weeks of gestation in chronological order from the time they were told of the fetal death to the present day. The study included 17 women who had experienced fetal death and who raised the dead child through "the development process of becoming a parent" and "the grieving process after the loss of a child," comprising a year-long grieving process.


In general, electrochemical deposition has been employed to deposit metal on the metallic surface (plating) or to deposit metal for duplicating the patterns prepared by photolithographic process (electroforming). However, by locally controlling the induced electric field to selectively deposit metal, the lithography process for prepare the pattern by masks can be spared. Thus, it can reduce fabrication cost and error of masks or molds. Furthermore, using a localized electrochemical deposition can produce micro-sized structures with high aspect ratio easily. Usually, the structure which is fabricated by micro-process, demonstrates mechanical properties different from its bulk material counterparts. In this study, we improve the localized electrochemical deposition by employing horizontally aligned anode to fabricate a cantilever beam of Cu which is in the dimensions of micrometers. The effects of various control parameters of the deposition process are also studied. The fundamental resonance frequency of the cantilever structure is measured and the apparent density, thereby the porosity, of deposited structure is quantified. In addition, we control the movement of the X-Y axes step motor platform and Z axis step motor to deposit two-dimensional and three-dimensional micro-structures. With the successfully manufactured two-dimensional and the three dimensional microstructures, further study on their physical characteristics in the future can be recommended.


Present article embodies the design and analysis of an octagonal shaped split ring resonator based multiband antenna fed at vertex for wireless applications with frequency‐band reconfigurable characteristics. The proposed antenna is printed on FR4 substrate with electrical dimension of 0.4884 λ × 0.4329 λ × 0.0178 λ (44 × 39 × 1.6 mm3), at lower frequency of 3.33 GHz. The antenna consists of SRR based vertex fed octagonal ring as the radiation element and switchable reclined L‐shaped slotted ground plane. Antenna achieves six bands for wireless standards viz: upper WLAN (5.0/5.8 GHz), lower WiMAX (3.3 GHz), super extended C‐band (6.6 GHz), middle X band (9.9 GHz—for space communication), and lower KU band (15.9 GHz—for satellite communication systems operating band). Stable radiation patterns are observed for the operating bands with low cross polarization. The proposed design achieves hexa band characteristics during switching ON state of PIN diode located at reclined L‐shaped slot in the ground plane. Experimental characteristic of antenna shows close agreement with those obtained by simulation of the proposed antenna.


The tension between occupant safety during a crash and lightweight designs continues to be an important driver of modern vehicle designs. While occupant safety may be defined and evaluated in various ways, maximising energy absorption of structural components during impact has been adopted for vehicle designs by many manufacturers. An alternative method to evaluate safety but often not directly used in the design of structural components is the use of a dummy model in the finite element (FE) simulation to estimate the forces and accelerations that would be experienced by a human in a crash environment. This paper investigates the similarities/differences between designing vehicular structural components experiencing side impacts based upon two different criteria: (1) the energy absorption of collapsed components in the absence of a dummy and (2) an injury metric–based approach with the responses of the dummy as the bases. Multi-objective optimisation methods are used with finite element analysis (FEA) in the lightweight design for side-impact crashworthiness, considering the two different criterion. The results show that the optimum designs based on the two criteria are significantly different and that the injury-based approach should be incorporated into vehicular lightweight design process when considering crashworthiness.


Background: AUR in BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) patients is is not an uncommon presentation in our tertiary care hospital. Most of the studies regarding the use of alpha blockers have been conducted using alfuzosin and other older alpha blockers. Under this background present study was carried out to assess the efficacy of silodosin (a highly selective alpha blocker) in the management of these AUR patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a period of 4 years in the unit-II of the Postgraduate Department of General Surgery of SMHS (Shri Maharaja Harisingh) hospital, an associated hospital of Govt. medical college Srinagar, from January 2014 to December 2017). Patients were randomized to two groups-1 and 2. Each group comprised of thirty-one patients with similar clinical and demographic variables. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of silodosin in the management of AUR in BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) patients. Results: Age of patients ranged from 57 to 87 years with a mean age of 68.54 years. Equal number of patients were included in both the groups (group 1 and group 2). Baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in the two groups. Successful TWOC was observed in 74.2% of the patients in group 1 and in 41.9% of the patients in group 2 (p value =0.010). Thus Group 1 has statistically significant higher success rate of TWOC as compared to group 2. Conclusion: Silodosin appears to be effective treatment modality for managing the first time AUR in patients with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia).


The apamin‐sensitive small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium current (IKAS) is increased in heart failure. It is unknown if myocardial infarction (MI) is also associated with an increase of IKAS.


Clinical bioethics has evolved in the affirmation of the fundamental general principles that protect people's health. The management and relief of pain is a universally recognized human right, susceptible to ethical and bioethical scrutiny, since it involves making decisions that compromise people's quality of life. The ethical dilemma of pain management often involves conflicts of values in crucial decisions, espe - cially when there is no single alternative, treatment and intervention strategies that are sufficiently shared and accepted. The ethical and bioethical problem in pain management, especially in patients with chronic conditions and/or stress, at the end of life continues to represent a challenge for clinical practice, with diverse consequences in


The presence of a vermiform appendix in a femoral hernia sac is a very rare condition. It was first described by the French surgeon Rene Jacques Croissant De Garengeot in 1731. It constitutes 0.5–5% of all femoral hernias, the incidence of the cases with acute appendicitis reported as 0.08–0.13%. The diagnosis is difficult in the preoperative period and usually noticed during the operation. Additionally, there is no guideline for the optimal treatment. In this article, it is aimed to present a 63-year-old female patient who was operated with a provisional diagnosis of incarcerated femoral hernia and diagnosed as de Garengeot's hernia during laparoscopy with the guidance of literature. A 63-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department with complaint of abdominal pain lasting 1 day. During physical examination, there was tenderness in the right lower quadrant without any rebound tenderness or guarding. The patient had a right femoral hernia which was nonreducible. A complete blood count examination revealed leukocyte numbers to be increased (13.2 10/L). Normal liver and renal function and normal electrolyte levels were also detected during routine laboratory testing. The patient underwent emergency surgery with the provisional diagnosis of incarcerated femoral hernia. In the laparoscopic exploration, most of the vermiform appendix was found to be in the right femoral canal (Fig. 1). Since the appendix was not adherent to the hernia sac, it was reduced easily. However, it was only inflamed without perforation (Fig. 2). Therefore, the appendectomy was performed laparoscopically. In the same session, femoral hernia repair was performed with transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique. On superficial ultrasound, herniated mesenteric fats and intestinal loops were seen from a 2.5 cm defect in the medial side of the vascular bundle. The patient was discharged on postoperative day one. In the histopathological examination of the appendix, it was reported as acute appendicitis compatible with inflammation and local peritonitis. Femoral hernia incidence is 2–4% of all inguinal hernias. The incidence of the presence of appendix inside femoral hernia sac, which we see less frequently, is 0.5–5%. It is seen 13 times more frequently in females than males and the best known common feature of these patients is being postmenopausal. Our patient was 63-year-old postmenopausal female which also supports the literature. Radiological findings are generally nonspecific as well as physical examination and laboratory findings. Only two patients, diagnosed with de Garengeot's hernia by abdominal ultrasound, have been reported in the literature. Computed tomography can provide more useful information than ultrasound. Computed tomography is generally interpreted as the presence of omentum in the hernia sac, the absence of appendix, and signs of abscess formation and intestinal obstruction. In our patient, abdominal computed tomography was not performed due to the absence of acute abdomen findings on physical examination. de Garengeot's hernia treatment varies depending on the condition of the appendix in the hernia sac. If the appendix is inflamed or perforated, appendectomy is performed through the same incision and then hernioplasty is performed. On the other hand, there are also surgeons that do not perform prophylactic appendectomy on the grounds that it is not based on sufficient evidence and adds a risk of infection to a clean surgery such as hernia repair. In a metaanalysis, the performed surgical approaches are reported as inguinal (n = 58), inguinal and laparotomy (n = 15), laparotomy (n = 5), inguinal and laparoscopy (n = 3), laparoscopy and laparotomy


The purpose of this study is to investigate ship motions of a small trawler with advanced speed in wash wave. Authors have proposed a reproduction method of wash wave by wave generator. By using the reproduction method of wash wave, the ship motions of the small trawler with an advanced speed in wash wave of a container ship reproduced by wave generators were measured. The advanced speeds of the small trawler model are high and low speeds. The experimental results indicated that difference of roll and pitch motions at high and low speeds is small, but the vertical acceleration at high speed is remarkably larger than that at lower speed. The small trawler at high speed in wash wave is in the dangerous situation even if ship motions are not large.


The question as to whether atebrin acts directly on the parasites or exerts its action in an indirect manner, as suggested bv several workers in the case of quinine, has not been definitely settled. Kirschbaum (1923) observed that after mixing in vitro quinine solution of a strength of 1 : 5.000 with an equal quantity of blood in which Plasmodium vivax were present and keeping the mixture for 5 to 24 hours


When the Rocket Girls accidentally land in the yard of Yukari Morita's old school, it looks as though their experiment is ruined. Luckily, the geeky Akane is there to save the day. Fitting the profile - she's intelligent, enthusiastic, and petite - Akane is soon recruited by Solomon Space Association. Yukari and Akane are then given the biggest Rocket Girl mission yet: a voyage to the edge of the solar system and the minor planet of Pluto to save a NASA probe.


As a crossed field of tourism resort study and tourism impact study,tourism resorts not only affect the sustainable development of resorts,but also concern the depth and extent of impact study.Based on the analysis of published papers on resort impact study both home and abroad,such as Tourism Management and Annals of Tourism Research,this paper intends to review and evaluate the progress in study of tourism impact on resorts,especially the tourism impacts brought by enclave resorts.Five aspects of negative impacts of enclave resorts are elaborated in detail: 1) informal sectors being squeezed out by formal sectors in the process of resort development;2) high economic leakage resulting from import and export;3) contact and interaction are restricted between residents and resort visitors;4) poor employment opportunity and manual jobs provided for community residents;and 5) residents lose the control of tourism development due to foreign ownership of facilities.The understanding of studies on enclave resort overseas could help to analyze similar phenomena emerging in the development of resorts in China.By doing so,we can not only get reference of furthering tourism impact study of resorts in China,but also obtain effective solutions to the existing problems of tourism impacts of Chinese resorts.


This paper elucidated the concept and units of discourse(text) through comparing with phonemes, morphemes, words and sentences. Especially words or sentences that are abstract reality are used interchangeably with Korean language units(discourses, utterances) as concrete reality for convenience. But This paper demonstrated that the type of abstract reality such as phonemes, morphemes, words and sentences should be differentiated from the type of concrete reality such as discourses and utterances in academic argument. As a result, it were clarified that the former can be said as language unit for studying language and the latter can be said as language unit for communication. Furthermore, this article also discussed that paragraph and ``dallak``. (the unit composed over two paragraphs) as language unit for communication can be established. But they are distinguished from discourses and utterances in terms of optional units.


Objective To compare the analgesic effect of phenol glycerin of different concentration in thoracic epidural space on terminal cancer pain. Methods Sixty cancer patients who had inefficient pain relief (VAS 8-10) with WHO third ladder medication in thorax, abdomen or back area were randomly divided into three groups, injecting epidurally 5%(A), 10%(B), 15%(C) phenol glycerin 3-5 ml. Results The analgesic effect of group C in the near period(24hours) were obviously excellent than that of group A (P0.01) and group B were also excellent than group A (P0.05).The effective rate of the high concentration group in long-term were better than that of the low concentration group,but had no statistically significant. Conclusion The analgesic effect of injecting phenol glycerin (15%) in the epidural space on the terminal cancer pain is better than that of low concentration with no increasing complications.


A research report submitted to the faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (Accountancy)


—We present a path loss model that accurately predicts the path loss with low computational complexity considering environmental factors. In the proposed model, the entire area under consideration is recognized and divided into regions from a raster map, and each type of region is assigned with a path loss exponent (PLE) value. We then extract the model parameters via measurement in a suburban area to verify the proposed model. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed model is 1.4 dB smaller than the widely used log-distance model.


This paper presents new data for island use in the north west of Australia. The data from High Cliffy Shelter indicate that there are significant similarities in the prehistoric use of islands between northeast and northwest Australia. These findings have implications for previous theories regarding the impetus for initial offshore island use in north east Australia. Furthermore, it is argued that the pattern of offshore island use in northern Australia can be differentiated from island use in southern Australia. Reasons for this variability are examined


The nested-PCR technique was applied to detect and identify phytoplasmas associated with major crops in Vietnam including sugarcane, cassava and longan. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that phytoplasmas associated with the sugarcane grassy shoot and white leaf diseases belong to the rice yellow dwarf group (16SrXI). In cassava showing witches' broom symptoms a mixed infection of phytoplasmas related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' (group 16SrI) and 'Ca. P. aurantifolia' (group 16SrII) was detected. In samples showing longan witches' broom disease three phytoplasmas including 'Ca. P. aurantifolia' (group 16SrII), elm yellows (group 16SrV) and "stolbur" (group 16SrXII) were identified.


We present an investigation of current-induced heating in polymer light emitting diodes. Using short electrical pulse measurements, we were able to quantify the temperature rise in the active region. We consider that heating effects play a major role in limiting the maximum efficiency of devices and in initiating degradation mechanisms. Heating and heat sinking are also discussed in the context of electrically pumped polymer lasers.


Hate speech is among the major contemporary issues in the modern society which if not kept in check could lead to violence. Hence, in Kenya, strategies have been put in place to curb hate speech including establishment of institutions like the National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) whose main purpose is to promote national unity and also counter hate speech.However, despite these strategies, the vice still exists.Little has been achieved from several investigations by police against hate speechsuspects in Kenya.This study therefore sought to assess the conceptualization of hate speech and its effect on the fight against hate speechin Kenya. The objectives were to: analyze the perception of law enforcers on hate speech; assess how members of the public perceive hate speech; and determine how the conceptualization of hate speech affects the fight against hate speech in Kenya.Descriptive survey design was used.Using random sampling, stratified random sampling and purposive sampling, a sample size of 215 respondents (110 police officers, 100 civilians and 5 NCICofficers) was selected. Data was collected using a structured interview and two sets of questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage and mean while qualitative data was analyzed usingthematic analysis guided by the study objectives.The findings revealed that the police officers could easily identify hate speech in a statement (Mean = 4.1; Std Dev = 0.8), but found it challenging to analyze hate speech for prosecution purposes due toits complexity occasioned by contextual variations in interpretations at(Mean = 3.6; Std Dev = 1.1).They opined that, a statement is considered hate speech if it calls for violence (Mean = 4.0; Std Dev = 1.2). The civilians affirmed that they mainly heard about hate speech from radio and television (73.3%), and the social media (54.4%). They also echoed the officers by affirming that they were aware that a statement is considered hate speech if it calls for violence (mean = 4.3; Std Dev = 0.8). The study concludes that although hate speech may be clearly understood, prosecution of those who propagate hate speech remains complex due to different interpretations that may be associated with different contextual settings and subjective conceptualization.The study recommends among other measures that, police officers and NCIC should work together to ensure that they achieve more objective waysof countering contextual distortion of hate speech to guarantee that the law is enforced in the fight against hate speech without discrimination (by tribe, position, relationship, gender etc), especially pertaining to arrest and prosecution of hate speech suspects. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 11-11-2019 Date of Acceptance: 27-11-2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Combining many year's production experiences with numerous information collected,the factors causing the dark surface and snap of bright copper round-bars were stated presented and the countermeasures.


Global and endothelial loss of PTP-PEST is associated with impaired cardiovascular development and embryonic lethality. Although hypoxia is implicated in vascular morphogenesis and remodelling, its effect on PTP-PEST remains unexplored. Here we report that hypoxia (1% oxygen)increases protein levels and catalytic activity of PTP-PEST in primary endothelial cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase alpha subunits (AMPK α1 and α2) interact with PTP-PEST under normoxia but not in hypoxia. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed this observation and determined that AMPK α subunits interact with the catalytic domain of PTP-PEST. Knock-down of PTP-PEST abrogated hypoxia mediated tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of AMPK (Thr172 phosphorylation). Absence of PTP-PEST also blocked hypoxia-induced autophagy (measured as LC3 degradation and puncta formation) which was rescued by AMPK activator, metformin (500µM). Since endothelial autophagy is a pre-requisite for angiogenesis, knock-down of PTP-PEST also attenuated endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation with autophagy inducer rapamycin (200nM) rescuing these effects. In conclusion, this work identifies for the first time PTP-PEST as a regulator of hypoxia-induced AMPK activation and endothelial autophagy to promote angiogenesis.


Taking Pingquan county Hebei province as an exdmple,the paper discusses the problems of the indus- trialization of agriculture in our country,and believes external economies of scale,nowadays,is a good develop- ment way of intra-county industrialization of agriculture in our country.In the end,the paper analyzes Some devel- opment measures of external economies of scale of intra-county industrialization of agriculture.


Learning involves relations, interactions and connections between learners, teachers and the world at large. Such interactions are essentially temporal and unfold in time. Yet, researchers have rarely combined the two aspects (the temporal and relational aspects) in an analytics framework. Temporal networks allow modeling of the temporal learning processes i.e., the emergence and flow of activities, communities, and social processes through fine-grained dynamic analysis. This can provide insights into phenomena like knowledge co-construction, information flow, and relationship building. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of temporal networks, their types and techniques. A detailed guide of temporal network analysis is introduced in this chapter, that starts with building the network, visualization, mathematical analysis on the node and graph level. The analysis is performed with a real-world dataset. The discussion chapter offers some extra resources for interested users who want to expand their knowledge of the technique.


Heat transfer and hydrodynamics at the chemical reaction front have been investigated experimentally using a thermochromic liquid crystal sheet. If the chemical reaction occurs, a band region where the temperature, due to the heat of reaction, is higher than the initial temperature appears at the reaction front. Natural convection due to the temperature difference at the reaction front plays an important role in conveying the higher temperature fluid. For the hydrochloric acid (HCl)–sodium hydroxide (NaOH) system, as the frequency of contact between HCl and NaOH due to convection increases with the concentration of ethanol, the temperature beyond the stagnation point becomes higher than that in other areas. On the other hand, for the acetic acid (CH3COOH)–NaOH system, the heat transfer depends mainly on the heat of reaction, because the rate of CH3COOH dissolution is smaller than that of HCl.


A method based on multi-hue-blob correlation matching voting is proposed to solve target tracking problem of the moving target under occlusion efficiently in nonrigid target tracking.It uses invariable hue feature to achieve adaptive blobbing,and gains target's motion state through combined estimate of blobs' motion states.Experimental results indicate it is robust and has reliable performances under the case of heavy occlusion of the nonrigid moving object.


The difference between site‐specific and random immobilisation of the aldo/keto reductase AKR1A1 was explored. AKR1A1 was recombinantly expressed as a thioester by the intein strategy. The thioester was selectively modified with a biotin label by the expressed protein ligation method, and subsequent immobilisation on streptavidin templates was performed. Adsorption of wild‐type AKR1A1 to streptavidin templates and of biotinylated AKR1A1 to uncoated templates was used to study randomly immobilised enzymes. Investigation of the kinetic parameters revealed remarkably improved activity for the site‐specifically immobilised enzyme, which was comparable to that of the wild‐type enzyme in solution and 60–300‐fold greater than that of the randomly immobilized enzymes. Furthermore, the enzyme was surprisingly stable. No loss of activity was observed for over a week, and even after 50 days more than 35 % of activity was maintained.


With the steady rise in the use of smartphones, specifically android smartphones, there is an ongoing need to build strong Intrusion Detection Systems to protect ourselves from malicious software attacks, especially on Android smartphones. This work focuses on a sub-group of android malware, scareware. The novelty of this work lies in being able to detect the various scareware families individually using a small number of network attributes, determined by a recursive feature elimination process based on information gain. No work has yet been done on analyzing the scareware families individually. Results of this work show that the number of bytes initially sent back and forth, packet size, amount of time between flows and flow duration are the most important attributes that would be needed to classify a scareware attack. Three classifiers, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes and OneR, were used for classification. The highest average classification accuracy (79.5%) was achieved by the Decision Tree classifier with a minimum of 44 attributes.


Purpose – The paper aims to establish and introduce seam pucker assessment indicators and their dependence upon the fabric characteristics and parameters of a sewing machine.Design/methodology/approach – Seams pucker defect is specific to garment from lightweight fabrics, therefore the investigation was performed with this kind of fabrics. The structure and friction properties of fabrics were determined. The influence of rotational frequency of the main shaft (varied from 200 till 2,300 min−1) and pressing force (from 25 till 85 N) on seam pucker was analysed. The seam pucker was evaluated by characteristic of sharpness calculated as ratio of pucker height and length.Findings – Analysis of the obtained results allows stating that pucker sharpness increases with growing rotational frequency of the main shaft and decreases, increasing pressing force. On the basis of correlation analysis, the relationship between proposed new indicator of seam pucker evaluation and parameters of sewing machine was sought. Th...


A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by Steven Glaser, published in this journal (Volume 121, Number 7, July 1995), is presented. Discusser Amini writes that understanding the challenges of system identification (SI) techniques and their applications to soil dynamic problems requires calculation of soil strain during random loading, effect of frequency content and frequency on dynamic soil properties, time effects during application of SI, trade-off analysis between frequency resolution and accuracy of data, and the importance of real-time testing of soils. Amini questions the author's use of output data only in SIs and makes several comments regarding frequency resolution. Discussion is followed by closure from the author.


Members of Congress (MCs) often link polarization to changes in the social fabric of Capitol Hill. Using 6,526 C-SPAN videos from 1997-2016, I quantify the degree to which Democrats and Republicans interact with one another after floor votes. Ultimately, I find not only do Democrats and Republicans talk less, but the decline of bipartisan social interactions has important downstream consequences. Democrats and Republicans knows what it means to "cross the aisle" which is why they only choose to do so when they want to signal a willingness to find common ground. After party votes, such a signal is less likely to be sent because Democrats and Republicans choose to stay on their sides of the aisle in order to show solidarity. Although this study is the first to use video-as-data, I do not analyze videos for the sake of analyzing videos. Instead, I offer video analysis as the best and perhaps the only way to measure the degree to which MCs interact with one another on Capitol Hill. ∗Comments and suggestions welcome. I am grateful to Robert X. Browning, Alan Cloutier, and the rest of the staff at the C-SPAN Archives for their help and support. I would also like to thank Molly Roberts, Yiqing Xu, and seminar participants at UC-San Diego for their helpful feedback. †Department of Political Science, University of Iowa, 341 Schaeffer Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 (email@example.com, http://www.brycejdietrich.com).


Objective. To present information on pain management strategies for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods. The second author developed a manual to present pain management strategies to children. The use of the manual was pilot-tested with a group of children with JIA. Telephone interviews were used to gather information on implementation of pain management strategies. Results. Children were able to implement the pain management strategies. Children reported a reduction in daily pain experiences related to JIA when using the pain management strategies. Conclusions. The pain management strategies were successful as an adjunctive intervention for short-term pain management. Pain symptoms related to JIA can severely limit children's participation in daily activities. Further study on how children use pain management strategies to improve their involvement in daily activities will provide useful clinical information.


The first paper in the issue, "Coefficient Reduction Method for Stopband Ripple Minimization of IFIR Filter," gives the design of single-stage and two-stage interpolated finite impulse response filters in which ripples are reduced in the stopband. The filter response obtained from the technique is compared with the reference and with the performance of other techniques for ripple reduction. The authors also give the results of a comparative study.


Simple Summary The role of prostate cryoablation was still uncertain for patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PC). This study was designed to investigate the 10-year outcomes and establish a nomogram for high-risk PC patients. We found prostate cryoablation to be an effective treatment option for selected men with high-risk PC. A preoperative nomogram that predicts biochemical recurrence would be useful for both patients and physicians to make clinical decisions when considering prostate cryoablation among other treatment modalities. A peri-operative nomogram that includes diagnostic PSA, PSA nadir, Gleason sum, and the number of cryoprobes deployed helps inform increased risk of biochemical recurrence, which would then justify early salvage treatments. Abstract The role of prostate cryoablation was still uncertain for patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PC). This study was designed to investigate 10-year disease-free survival and establish a nomogram in localized high-risk PC patients. Between October 2008 and December 2020, 191 patients with high-risk PC who received primary total prostate cryoablation (PTPC) were enrolled. The primary endpoint was biochemical recurrence (BCR), defined using Phoenix criteria. The performance of pre-operative and peri-operative nomograms was determined using the Harrell concordance index (C-index). Among the cohort, the median age and PSA levels at diagnosis were 71 years and 12.3 ng/mL, respectively. Gleason sum 8–10, stage ≥ T3a, and PSA > 20 ng/mL were noted in 27.2%, 74.4%, and 26.2% of patients, respectively. During the median follow-up duration of 120.4 months, BCR-free rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 92.6%, 76.6%, 66.7%, and 50.8%, respectively. The metastasis-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival rates were 89.5%, 97.4%, and 90.5% at 10 years, respectively. The variables in the pre-operative nomogram for BCR contained PSA at diagnosis, clinical stage, and Gleason score (C-index: 0.73, 95% CI, 0.67–0.79). The variables in the peri-operative nomogram for BCR included PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score, number of cryoprobes used, and PSA nadir (C-index: 0.83, 95% CI, 0.78–0.88). In conclusion, total prostate cryoablation appears to be an effective treatment option for selected men with high-risk PC. A pre-operative nomogram can help select patients suitable for cryoablation. A peri-operative nomogram signifies the importance of the ample use of cryoprobes and helps identify patients who may need early salvage treatment.


The media events surrounding celebrity patients described by Patel suggest a modern way to make money out of the concept of celebrity for everyone.1

Let every healthcare institution of a certain size open a radio-TV-blog-twitter …


Objective To observe the efficacy on hydrophobicity and bacteriological filtration of PALL BB25S breathing filter(BF) by multiple methods. Methods Retrospective investigation was conducted on the patients who had suffered from surgery operation from January 2005 to January 2006,and the rate of lower breathing system infection was compared between the patients who had used PALL BB25S BF during operation(group P) and the ones who had not used any BF during operation (group C). The membrane of BF by dropping sodium chloride fixed plasma was tested. The mechanical model was set up(its turn is breathing circuit,BF,and imitated lung). The following two treatments were randomly tested on each BF. Ⅰ:to add 1 ml liquid fixed bacterium to one side of BF which closed to the imitated lung; Ⅱ: to add 11 ml sodium chloride,and then add 1 ml bacterial liquid. After ventilating for no less than 3 hours,the samples from the imitated lung side of BF, the other side and the Y connectors were respectively taken. The samples were cultured for 24 hours and observed. Results When the tested liquid was ceaselessly dropped, it was accumulated but not infiltrated or effused from the opposite side. No bacterium was observed on the second and third sample spot in two treatments. Infection rate of lower respiratory tract after operation in group P (1.0%) was lower than that in group C (6.7%) (X2= 4.326, P = 0.039). Conclusions For the perfect hydrophbicity of PALL BB25S breathing filter,it effectively filtrates the bacterium of breathing circuit and decreases the lower respiratory infection.

Key words:
Breathing filter;  Mechanical model;  Bacterium;  Infection,lower respiratory tract


Generally speaking, the important primary sources for the history of Qarāqūsh and the Banū Ghāniya can be divided into two groups: historical works and geographical works. The vast majority of sources in the first category are chronicles with the exception of a few specialized treatises, a biographical dictionary, and the collection of official Almohad letters. The historical works have been further divided according to their authors' region of origin as either Maghribī (western) or Mashriqī (eastern).


Global Mapping proposed by the Ministry of Construction of Japan in 1992 is a project to develop digital geographic datasets depicting the environment of the land area of the globe with consistent specifications and with international cooperation. Global Map of five countries including Japan had been completed and were released to the public in November 2000 from the ISCGM on the Internet as Global Map version 1. In addition, data of more than ten countries have almost been completed and will be released shortly. It is expected that effective use of the Global Map will be made as basic geographic information for research and study on global environment; consideration to take measures against global environmental problems; planning for disaster prevention, regional and infrastructure development, etc. The Global Map data were applied to develop a methodology to make an integrated assessment of natural environment and local economy of the overall region resulted from an international infrastructure development such as large scale water resource project. Further, application to Asia regional disaster prevention information system, UN Geographic Database, FAO's early warning system is being discussed. From 2001, Global Mapping Project enters into the second phase. At the same time, development of Global Map data shall be advanced for areas not yet done. On the other hand, efforts shall be made to encourage countries and areas not yet participated in the Project to decide the participation. Further, development of simple methodology to update the Global Map data, promotion of use and dissemination shall be made.


In this study,a novel ring-rail crane control system is first introduced.Then,the hydraulic system components and PLC selection are described.According to the principles of critical hydraulic and electrical systems,the distributed control system scheme and data-linking configuration are next determined based on the Controller Link network.Finally,the communication principle and monitoring interface configuration of upstream monitoring system are analyzed.Therein,the high flexibility and reliability of the proposed scheme are proven to meet the demands on ring-rail crane operability.safety and reliability.


The rapid of economic development is fast in Fujian,growing rapidly the number of small and medium enterprises(SMEs).SMEs become one of the major forces in Fujian economic development.Original development mode of different kinds of industries are difficult to adapt to the needs of the development of social economy.To make a living,they must find new development space.This paper has analyzed the development of logistics finance in Fujian.Through these analyzed,we can clearly find the problems which have hidden in the development of logistics finance.In the end,this paper puts forward some suggestions about developing logistics finance.


A credible hypothesis suggests that, in the future the economic growth will not be anymore a general and continuous one, and that the economic agents known from the special literature under the conventional name as organization or company (a group of persons acting conscious and coordinated in order to achieve common objectives), shall survive only if they make sustaining and continuous efforts to assimilate, in due time, the i?½last momenti?½ technologies, including the ones referring to the organization and management of the performed activity. In this respect the plea in favor of the performance and elaboration of provisions or prognosis, as a premise of durable development, becomes legitimate and credible, contributing to the resolution of problems claimed by the general progress. Starting with XXIst century, the chance of survival of the economic and financial-banking units is proportional with the value of the management action, demarche known in the special literature as strategic management or management of change. But in order to be a successful one, the management must be creative, of prospective type and, as much as possible, non-conflictive.


In order to explicit the main reasons of tobacco-sweet potato continuous cropping obstruct,an pot experiment was conducted by different sterilization measures on successive cropping soil,then the growth of tobacco was surveyed and the changes of soil microbe were assayed. At the same time,soil samples of different cropping patterns were collected to assay the soil microorganism quantity,activity and microbial biomass C and N. Then the results of different cropping patterns with the pot experiment were contrasted. The result showed that the different sterilization measures could improve the tobacco biomass,the soil microorganism quantity,activity and microbial biomass C and N,having the similar trend with soil microbial properties of tobacco-rice crop rotation. Soil changed from'bacteria type'to'fungi type'and the microorganism quantity decrease was the important obstacle reason of tobacco-sweet potato successive cropping.


Abstract Objective Asthma, a major cause of disability and reduced quality of life, has a high global prevalence and burden of death. Despite the propitious guidelines, a substantial portion of asthmatics reportedly have poorly controlled disease. In the current study, we have examined risk factors for uncontrolled asthma in specialty clinics and its association with impaired quality of life. Methods A multicentre cross-sectional survey of asthma patients, 18 years and older, was conducted in Trinidad. Asthma Control Test (ACT) and the Juniper Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini AQLQ–J) were used to assess the disease control and quality of life, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression controlling for gender. Results Of a total of 428 patients included, asthma was uncontrolled in 72.4% and asthma related quality of life was moderate to severely impaired in 86% of the studied population. In the multivariate regression models, poorly controlled asthma was associated with obesity (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.30–3.39), late-onset asthma (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.04–2.84), features of sleep apnea (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.01–3.07) and depression (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.04–3.86). Impaired quality of life was associated with Indo-Caribbean ethnicity (OR 3.19; 95% CI = 1.68–6.06). Conclusions In this Caribbean population, uncontrolled asthma was independently associated with obesity, late-onset disease, and comorbidities of sleep apnea and depression. Poor asthma-related quality of life was independently associated with Indo-Caribbean ethnicity.


The process of freezing fish always requires a cooler as a temporary storage place for fish. The ability of the storage to maintain cold temperatures is a serious problem to be considered so that the freshness of the fish can be maintained. Therefore, an appropriate technology is required to support the cold chain system so that fish quality can be maintained. The purpose of this study was to test the thermal conductivity of composite materials for fish storage insulation from a mixture of rice husks and polyurethane so that the price of the box can be reduced but still maintain the quality of the fish. The composition of the composite material was made with a volume ratio of 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. The thermal conductivity test of the material uses the ASTM E1225-99 standard. All test results were compared with 100% polyurethane material. The results of testing the thermal conductivity of 100% polyurethane material obtained 0.023 W/m.C. From all the test results, the material that is most likely to be applied to fish cooler box insulation is a 1:1 composition having a thermal conductivity value of 0.067W/m.C. Materials with this composition do not affect the expansion of the polyol and isocyanate reactions. This composition is the most economical to be used as insulation for fish storage boxes which can save the use of polyurethane by 50%.


If the field of comparative education is to be reconceptualised in ways that articulate and demonstrate its continued relevance for the 21st century, it is argued that its history and traditions deserve both celebration and challenge. The field's multi-disciplinary origins and nature, for example, position it well for further advancement in a future in which the socio-cultural analysis of global trends and developments will require concerted attention. On the other hand, some fundamental, and long-evident, characteristics require critical re-consideration. In the light of this, the article focuses upon ways in which bridges can be built or strengthened across disciplinary boundaries and between theoretical and applied studies, policy and practice, micro and macro levels of analysis and studies of the North and the South. Implications of this are considered for all engaged in comparative and international research and related educational policy and practice.


The Australian Bureau of Meterology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TCLAPS, Davidson and Weber, 2000) has been operational over the Australian Region and northwest Pacific since 1999. Forecast verification has been encouraging and has generally improved throughout the period. Long-term mean track and intensity errors at 48 hours are ~261 km and 22 hPa. Some remarkable forecasts of intensity have been obtained, but the quality tends to be inconsistent, suggesting that the system is capable of making skilful intensity forecasts, but the skil l is often limited by errors in either initial vortex structure or the large-scale environment. For the present study, we have implemented a configuration of TC-LAPS over the North Atlantic to: (a) validate the system with the more comprehensive data sets available to define vortex structure and the large-scale environment, (b) determine which component of the system is most in need of enhancement, (c) revisit the TC initialization problem at higher resolution, and (d ) develop an archive of validated high-resolution forecasts that can be used to investigate TC structure change.


To suppress the interference in the ultra-wideband (AI-UWB) system is a challenging problem. An anti-interference multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ultra-wideband (AI-UWB) system, based on spreading and interleaving is addressed. It will exploit the frequency diversity across the subcarriers and provide the robustness to narrow-band interference, by spreading the coded bit streams within each sub-band and interleaving across all sub-bands. Simulating results show that the spreading and interleaving provide about 5 dB to 10 dB advantages over the conventional multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ultra-wideband system in signal-to-interference ratio. Spreading and interleaving is an effective cure for enhancing the robustness to narrow-band interference,


The purpose of this report is to describe the recent and planned R&D activities across the U.S. related to survival of fish entrained in hydroelectric turbines. In this report, we have considered studies that are intended to develop new information that can be used to mitigate turbine-passage mortality. This review focuses on the effects on fish of physical or operational modifications to turbines, comparisons to survival in other downstream passage routes (e.g., bypass systems and spillways), and applications of new modeling, experimental, and technological approaches to develop a greater understanding of the stresses associated with turbine passage. In addition, the emphasis is on biological studies, as opposed to the engineering studies (e.g., turbine index testing) that re often carried out in support of fish passage mitigation efforts.


The metal-deficient (Z=Z☉/41) blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS 0335-052 was observed with ISOCAM between 5 and 17 μm. With an L12μm/LB ratio of 2.15, the galaxy is unexpectedly bright in the mid-infrared for such a low-metallicity object. The mid-infrared spectrum shows no sign of the unidentified infrared bands, which we interpret as an effect of the destruction of their carriers by the very high UV energy density in SBS 0335-052. The spectral energy distribution (SED) is dominated by a very strong continuum, which makes the ionic lines of [S IV] and [Ne III] very weak. From 5 to 17 μm, the SED can be fitted with a graybody spectrum, modified by an extinction law similar to that observed toward the Galactic center, with an optical depth of AV ~19-21 mag. Such a large optical depth implies that a large fraction (as much as ~75%) of the current star formation activity in SBS 0335-052 is hidden by dust with a mass between 3 × 103 and 5 × 105 M☉. Silicate grains that are present as silicate extinction bands at 9.7 and 18 μm can account for the unusual shape of the MIR spectrum of SBS 0335-052. It is remarkable that such a nearly primordial environment contains as much dust as galaxies that are 10 times more metal-rich. If the hidden star formation in SBS 0335-052 is typical of young galaxies at high redshifts, then the cosmic star formation rate derived from UV/optical fluxes would be underestimated.


This research aims to describe the presentation form and function of Bebalai music in the traditional ceremony of "Pesta Laut" Bontang Kuala. The "Pesta Laut" ceremony is a ritual for the indigenous people of Bontang Kuala that is still preserved and held every year from November to December. The "Pesta Laut" ceremony has meaning as a form of gratitude to God Almighty to be kept away from danger and various kinds of diseases. The Pesta Laut ceremony is divided into seven processions: (1) mencera buluh; (2) balai pompong; (3) melabuh perahu; (4) menjamu karang; (5) ance; (6) pagar mayang; and (7) balai puncak. The "Pesta Laut" ceremony also involves the arts, which include Bebalai music. The theories used are ceremony theory by Koentjaraningrat and function theory by R.M. Soedarsono. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The result of this research is that along with the times, the "Pesta Laut" ceremony has experienced a shift by adjusting to the environmental conditions of the community. It can be seen from the traditional rituals that were once highly sacred by the people of Bontang Kuala but are now carried out as ceremonial events.


We investigated carrier formation dynamics in a small-molecular bulk heterojunction solar cell, 2,5-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-bis-(5″-n-hexy-[2,2′,5′,2″]terthiophen-5-yl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrolo-1,4-dione/[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester, with low bandgap (Egap≈1.5 eV). The photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectra of the blend film were decomposed into three PIAs, i.e., those due to donor exciton (D*), acceptor exciton (A*), and mobile carrier (D+). The analysis revealed carrier conversion from D* with a conversion time of ∼1.3 ps.


Summary Relationships with the users of social work are increasingly seen in procedural, legal and administrative terms. However, research studies examining both client satisfaction and intervention effectiveness regularly find that the psychosocial qualities of the worker-client relationship are a major component in the success or otherwise of the service offered. The case is made that the psychological selves of both practitioners and users acquire many of their characteristics, including personality, esteem, eJjcacy and defensive behaviours, within relationships throughout the lifepan. The level of social understanding and social competence that people develop depends on the quality of their relationship histo y. If poor relationships are where psychosocial competences go awy, then good relationships are where they are likely to recover. This observation has major implications for the quality, character and skill of the relationship experiences offered to clients by social workers. Inasmuch as social workers work with, talk to and generally engage clients, their professional lives might be seen as a series of relationships of one kind or another. However, talk of relationships soon reveals a complex phenomenon that a number of disciplines have sought to unravel including philosophy, psychology and clinical practice. In social work, we might recognise three broad positions that define the professional relationship. First, there are those who see the quality and character of the relationship as simply a function of the social work role. Second, whilst recognising that there is such a thing as the social work role, others believe that if the role is to be performed well, practitioners should acquire some relationship skills. The third position tips the balance even further by suggesting that the quality and character of the relationship itself can be considered independent of the agency role; indeed it is within the relationship that most of the important things happen, for good or ill, and whether social workers recognise it or not. I shall say a few brief things about the first two positions before putting them firmly to one side. It is the third view that I want to consider in most detail. I believe that a relationship-based approach lies at the heart of good practice, but social work's thoughts and feelings on such matters have recently become both confused and ambivalent, although there was a time, some 30 to 40 years ago, when this definitely was not the case. The concept of role has several meanings (Downie & Loudfoot, 1978). It can be used in the sense of a social function. Here, the actions that individuals perform function to help keep the social system going in some way. By chasing criminals and wrongdoers, the police officer in his or her role functions as a keeper of law and order. In her role as child welfare agent, the social worker functions as a supporter of family life.


Objective of the Review: To systematise the information on MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young) during pregnancy. Key Points. MODY in pregnant patients should be distinguished from typical gestational diabetes mellitus, since these conditions require early pregnancy management. The article discusses combined criteria for differential diagnosis of types of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and indications for molecular genetic testing. We describe clinical cases demonstrating the dependence of pregnancy outcomes on whether the foetus inherits the mutation or not. Also, the article describes the outlooks of non-invasive diagnosis of mutation status of the foetus and possible modification of therapy depending on the result. Conclusion. Diagnosis and therapy of MODY is a burning issue since there are no algorithms and the clinical experience is quite sparse. Keywords: MODY, gestational diabetes mellitus, GCK-MODY, HNF1A-MODY.


Seismic inversion is a widely used technique, but it is difficult to quantitatively integrate its results in geological or reservoir models. This is in part due to the difference of scales, and to the difficulty in properly modelling the petro-elastic relationships. We propose to use stochastic seismic inversion, that computes a large number of fine scale models at a scale closer to the geomodel, to quantitatively estimate the uncertainty associated to the inversion process. We then expose how the results from stochastic inversion can be integrated into geomodels, to compute a seismic-driven facies model that accounts for uncertainties. It is also possible to compute porosity models guided by the wells and the seismic, illustrating the value that seismic can bring even when the well density is high.


Damaged river ecosystems are increasing with rapid social and economic development. The community structure and spatial distribution pattern of stream macroinvertebrates reflect the health of river ecosystems because of their longevity, abundance in terms of taxa and quantities, sensitivity to environment stresses and amenability to surveying. In the present study, two field surveys for macroinvertebrate sampling were performed in August 2010 and May 2013. In all, 53 taxonomic groups from 24 families, belonging to 11 orders, 6 classes and 4 phyla, were recorded. The most widespread taxa were Tubificidae (Limnodrilus, Branchiura) and Chironomidae (Chironomus, Einfeldia), which were also the most abundant in the research area, occurring in more than 50% of sampling sites. Principal coordinate and clustering analyses partitioned the 59 sites into four groups, with similarities in their macroinvertebrate community structures. Moreover, indicator value (IndVal) analysis identified two indicator taxa each in Group 1 (Einfeldia spp. and Chironomus plumosus) and Group 4 (Tubificinae spp. and Limnodrilus claparedeianus), and one indicator taxon each in Group 2 (Branchiura sowerbyi) and Group 3 (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri). Moreover, collector–gatherers and predators occurred primarily in Group 3, whereas collector–filterers, scrapers and shredders were primarily distributed in Group 2, indicating significant differences in the resources and habitats between Groups 2 and 3.


Malcom Street first met Nouwen through the Church of the Saviour (Washington, DC) and subsequently helped him fundraise for the Dayspring Chapel at L'Arche Daybreak (Richmond Hill, ON) through speaking engagements at the First Presbyterian Church (Fort Worth) and other events.


Combined with practical engineering,it introduces the purposes and contents of load test,illustrates the process of static force load test,and analyzes its result to show that the rigidity,strength and anti-crack quality of hollow slab beam in the project all comfort the design and code requirement.


With the decrease of class hours and the change of distribution ratio, it becomes difficult to complete the required course content scheduled by the old teaching syllabus. Moreover, the teaching content can't match with the composition of teaching hours. Combined with the experience achieved during the construction of provincial excellent course and teaching in the past years, some reform measures are put forward by rearranging the content of the old teaching syllabus. Special topic teaching mode is adopted, and a number of new teaching methods and means are tried, and so that the teaching mode and class structure match each other, and so it's more conducive to implementation of teaching. Through the teaching reform, good teaching effect has been achieved. Not only the teaching objective of the course has been successfully completed, but also the practice and exploration of the training mode of applicationoriented talents has been actively promoted. Keywords—Introduction to Civil Engineering; teaching reform; course teaching; teaching methods


The size dependence of the ionization potential Ip(n) of van der Waals (vdW) bound clusters has been calculated by using a model Hamiltonian, which includes electron hopping, vdW interactions, and charge-dipole interactions. The charge-density and dipole-density distributions for both neutral and ionized n-atom clusters are determined self-consistently. The competition between the polar ization energy of the neutral atoms surrounding a partially localized hole and the tendency toward hole delocalization in the ionized clusters is found to dominate the size dependence of Ip(n). To test our theory, we calculate Ip(Xen ) and Ip(Krn ) for n ~ 300, Good quantitative agreement with experiment is obtained. The theory is also applied to calculate Ip(Hgn ) . Comparison with experi ments suggests that in Hg., + clusters with n ~. 20 the positive charge is mainly distributed within a trimer which is situated at the center of the cluster and which polarizes the n - 3 surrounding neutral atoms.


Adolescence, a psychical molting season in search for containment. During adolescence, physical and psychic reorganizations are very important and new markers of identity and identifications are thrown back into question. Anzieu's metaphor, the "Skin-Ego" ("Moi-Peau"), appears to us very useful to think adolescence as a molting: the skin - i.e. the metaphoric Skin-Ego - is changing. This new transformations need to be contained, so the cathexis of the boundaries is requested. The purpose of the present article is to ponder on the containments favoring the molting of the adolescence. These containments are psychic, object and societal.


We investigate some fundamental properties of the reduction relation in the untyped term calculus derived from Curien and Herbelin's λμμ. The original λμμ has a system of simple types, based on sequent calculus, embodying a Curry-Howard correspondence with classical logic; the significance of the untyped calculus of raw terms is that it is a Turing-complete language for computation with explicit representation of control as well as code. We define a type assignment system for the raw terms satisfying: a term is typable if and only if it is strongly normalizing. The intrinsic symmetry in the λμμ calculus leads to an essential use of both intersection and union types; in contrast to other union-types systems in the literature, our system enjoys the Subject Reduction property.


A growing belief has emerged that effectively managing knowledge can enhance performance. To date, however, there is limited empirical evidence. We draw on the resource-based and knowledge-based views of the firm as well as research on strategic sensemaking in order to introduce the concept of 'knowledge management orientation', and to examine the relationships among knowledge management orientation, market orientation, and firm performance. Using data from 213 United Kingdom firms, we found that organizational memory, knowledge sharing, knowledge absorption, and knowledge receptivity serve as first-order indicators of the higher-order construct we label knowledge management orientation, which, in turn, has a positive link with market orientation. Importantly, we found that market orientation mediates the relationship between knowledge management orientation on one hand and subjective and objective firm performance on the other. Our results suggest that knowledge management orientation can enhance performance, but a market orientation is needed in order to realize such benefits.


Sledge net samples were taken over the neap and spring tide cycles in January 1993 from the bottom and surface of 1 m depth and at the water's edge in the sandy shore surf zone of Dolsando, southern Korea. Zonation pattern of three dominant gammarid amphipods was compared. The amphipods were more abundant on the bottom and at water's edge than in the surface. Average densities at both sites of Pontogeneia rostrata and Allorchestes angusta were higher during the neap tide than the spring tide, whereas that of Synchelidium lenorostralum was lower during the neap tide. P. rostrata migrated horizontally during the flooding and ebbing tides, but S. lenorostralum and A. angusta did not. Unlike other species, P. rostrata was significantly more abundant at night, suggesting its active nocturnal movement. During flooding tide, P. rostrata was not found on the shore above the mean sea level (MSL) during daytime, but found in 100 cm above MSL at night. Zonal distribution of P. rostrata which was restricted from MSL to 250 cm below MSL, however, did not vary with the day-night cycle during ebbing tide. S. lenorostralum and A. angusta were not found during flooding tide but ebbing tide. The upper distribution limit of the former was 150 cm below MSL, and the distribution of the latter ranged from MSL to 150 cm below MSL. The highest densities of P. rostrata, S. lenorostralum and A. angusta were 32, 26 and 3 ind. , respectively. We discussed the relationships between the distribution pattern of three dominant species of gammarid amphipods and their life styles in the sandy shore.