Purpose - Modern life is characterized by its hectic life-style, which invariably leads to high levels of stress having negative consequences for the mind-body. Thus, people are seeking for natural ways to achieve a sense of equilibrium and peace. Neuroscience has identified beneficial findings from contemplative practices like meditation, prayers and fasting. Within the Islamic framework, these practices were found to be beneficial for both the body and the mind. However, comparatively little research has been carried out on Islamic contemplative practices. Thus, there is a dire need to carry out further research, where the focus needs to be more on the inward aspects of Islam especially the contemplative practices. Design/methodology/approach - The study took an integrated approach, whereby, objective experimental data from various sources were combined with the religious narratives from the Qur'an and the Hadiths or the practice of the Prophet in Islam. This was augmented by the subjective experiences of the participants of the study and all of these woven to present a case for Islamic contemplative practices. Findings - Worship, be it Yogic, Buddhist and Islamic, seems to have positive mental and physical benefits for individuals. Much has been documented within the field of Yoga and Buddhist practices, and it is only recently that Islamic practices are beginning to be studied and are yielding similar results. It has been found that Islamic ritual prayers, fasting and meditation (dhikr) have an impact on the well-being of the worshipper. The communities of practice commonly known as "tariqas" and other religio-spiritual orders can serve as a vehicle to further these practices. This opens the door for more extensive research in this direction. Research limitations/implications - This study clearly indicates that Islamic practices have positive benefits; however, the number of studies are limited. Moreover, there are a whole system of practices as the contemplative tree in this paper points out, which needs more robust as well as longitudinal studies to outline more conclusive evidence to this effect. Practical implications - Muslims have been looking at other traditions like Yoga and Buddhist meditation to find ways of improving their physical and mental health. This meta-study indicates that Islamic contemplative practices have positive benefits, and thus, there are a variety of practices like ritual prayers, fasting and meditation, which is found to demonstrate positive health benefits. Thus, it has direct practical reasons to pursue these practices and derive the innate benefits from them. Social implications - The data from the various neuroscience studies have demonstrated the neurological and physiological impact on individuals directly relating to worship. However, the studies on the Islamic ritual prayer ( Originality/value - The originality of this literature review and analysis is bringing together the various strands of neuroscience and health data to demonstrate the positive impact of worship emanating from others faiths, while building a case for Islamic contemplative practices. This is further augmented by its integrated approach of weaving hard and soft data and synthesizing it to present health benefits of worship.


This manuscript outlines a framework for transformative historical inquiry used to challenge the traditional immigrant paradigm in light of current debates over social studies content. Pedagogical examples show how the framework can help teachers disrupt the dominant discourse and highlight ideological resistance that prevents transformation.


An optimization model for computer-assisted estimation of aquifer parameters has been developed. It is based upon the principle of minimization of the sum of squares of the differences between observed and computed drawdowns. The objective strategy eliminates the subjectivity associated with the conventional curve-matching procedures. Apart from the parameter estimation, the model can assist in identifying certain hydrogeological features like leakage, discontinuities, vertical anisotropy, etc. It also can provide a check on consistency among different data sets monitored during a test pumping (e.g., drawdown and recovery data). The application of the proposed model has been illustrated by analysis of field data. The model-computed parameters honored the observed data more closely than the graphical estimates. The model could also identify leakage as the cause of departure of the time-drawdown curve from the Theis type curve. In another study, the model results lead to an inference that the recovery data of the pumped well are inconsistent with the rest of the data.


Objective: To assess the resilience and staging degree relating to sociodemographic factors of breast cancer survivors followed up in an oncology service. Method: Quantitative study with 112 breast cancer survivors. The variables selected were: sociodemographic; clinical staging; survival time; and resilience scale. The analysis was performed using the Epi Info 6.04 software and Fisher's exact test. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pelotas School of Nursing under Opinion No 31/2009. Results: The average age was 46.2 years, there was 60.71% of stage II cases, 81.25% were white, 40.18% had five-to eight-year schooling, 52.68% were married, 73.32% had lived in urban areas, 41.96% exhibited high resilience, and 48.21%


The purpose of this study is to describe the types of code mixing that occur in the independent student exchange group whatsapp group 1. The data source in this study is the conversation of exchange students who are members of the whatsapp group. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely research that produces descriptive data in the form of words in written or oral form from the people and behaviors that are observed or studied. The research instrument was carried out in the form of documentation and observation (read and note) conversations in the independent student exchange group whatsapp group 1. The research data collection techniques were carried out through observation techniques and note-taking techniques. Based on the analysis of the types of code-mixing, it was found that the inner code-mixing the insertion language with elements of regional languages ??(Makassar, Minang, Bengkulu Malay), outer code-mixing the insertion with foreign language elements (Arabic and English), and hybrid code mixing insertion with foreign language elements. and regional languages ??(Makassar, Minang, Javanese, Sundanese) as well as foreign languages ??(English and Arabic) in the use of Indonesian.


It's said that the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto designed a concert hall foyer in such a way that people when walking across the foyer towards the concert hall would not have to interrupt the conversations they were involved in. They would not need to find and interpret signs or difficult room forms in order to find their way. Aalto put a light shaft at the end of the foyer. People walked towards the light and having done that found themselves just above the stairs to the concert hall. [Ejhed, personal communication]So one function of the foyer is that it does not interrupt ongoing conversations. This function is not visible in itself but it depends on the real, visible forms. Form as function. What is interesting in this example is that the environment supports human behaviour. We can act without paying that much attention to what we do.


In a wireless communication network, achieving the required signal strength with an efficient use of resources is a huge challenge especially in indoor environments. In an indoor environment, the number of deployed antennas, their location, and beam width affects the signal strength. Directional antennas are used to improve indoor planning in terms of signal strength and power leakage. The paper has two aims, first, to compare the Omnidirectional and directional antennas under certain performance metrics for a given number and position of Omni/Directional antenna. The aim is to analyze the importance of the type of antenna deployed versus the optimization of placement and number of the antenna. Secondly, this paper further focuses on finding an initial solution for the deployment of antennas location number and beam width in order to meet user's indoor coverage requirements in DAS environment. A proposed algorithm based on the next best choice of antenna activation based on coverage forms an initial solution of the number and position of antennas in an indoor building. Results showed that the directivity might not always outperform the omnidirectional antennas, as the position and number of Omni antennas if chosen efficiently may be better. This highlights the idea that the optimization of the antenna location and number is more important than the type of antenna used.


In this exploratory study, alumni of an innovative PhD program completed an open-ended self-administered questionnaire. They were asked to describe the intellectual, personal, and behavioral developments that they attributed to their graduate school experience, and aspects of their experience that they believed to have affected those changes. Findings indicated a wide array of changes in all areas. How ought we conceive of the purposes of graduate education and what do know from research and practice about how to structure it to achieve those ends? In this project we start from the premise that a new covenant is needed between society and higher education that balances the hyper-specialization typical of graduate curricula with broader societal needs as well as the developmental and career realities of graduate students. Our vision is one that moves education beyond the life of the mind to incorporate the soul of the learner and the needs of society. It draws on research on adult development (Stevens-Long & Michaud, 2003) and human learning (Halpern & Hakel, 2003), innovative practice in adult education (Schapiro, 2003), and dialogue regarding scholarship, professional practice and societal needs (e.g., Boyer 1990, Carnegie Foundation, 2003, McClintock 2003, Nyquist, 2000, Schon 1987, Shulman, 1987). In this paper, we describe a pilot research study which attempted to begin to identify an expanded conceptualization of the possible and desirable outcomes of graduate education, and the means through which those outcomes can be brought to fruition. Conceptual Framework and Pilot Research As a first step in re-thinking graduate education, we developed the conceptual framework summarized in Figure 1 that extends the traditional emphasis on cognitive educational outcomes to include personal and behavioral outcomes (McClintock and Stevens-Long 2002). This framework looks at both the self-concept and the self-in-action, as it outlines outcomes in regard to three facets of adult development: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. In analyzing the means or process of graduate study, we focused on four facets of any formal educational experience: curriculum content and structure; learning process; interpersonal relationships; and organizational structure and process (Schapiro, 1999). FIGURE 1: An Expanded View of Graduate Education Outcomes


The present work reports the synergistic and inhibitory adsorption effects involved in the multicomponent adsorption of heavy metal ions (Fe (II), Pb (II)), and major elements from oil mill liquid waste (OMW) using natural bentonite as adsorbent cames from Nador (North-East Morocco). Morocco is one of the most olive oil producing Mediterranean countries. This industry, which is so beneficial to the national economy, leaves two toxic and non-biodegradable residues (liquid/solid). OMW or margin is a current liquid pollutant that has been listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The classical methods used for phenol removal are expensive or limited to large-scale applications such as biological and thermal decomposition methods. The margins used in the studies were collected from a semimodern oil mill (Nador-Morocco). The results of the physicochemical analyses showed that the effluents of the oil mills showed that they are highly polluted, in particular the suspended solids, COD, and iron contents of around 154.82 (mg/l) and copper 31.72 (mg/l). Samples of OMW mixed with raw bentonites at different percentages vary between 10 % and 80 %. Different interactions between bentonite and metal ions dealing with the decrease of the concentrations. This study proves that this bentonite is an effective adsorbent for the elimination of heavy metals from OMW.


This article discussed,analyzed and elaborated the basic connotation and characteristic of lab,real experience practice and field work in higher technical and vocational colleges through a comparative method.And combining the realities in the practical teaching,the base construction of real experience practice in colleges was analyzed by case study.


Electrical underground imaging is an important tool in hydrogeological characterization, but the ill-posed nature of the resulting inverse electrical problem limits the ability to map complex hydrogeological units. The need for regularization techniques to obtain stable images in these cases is clear, but the standard regularization terms are based in smooth functionals and as a result making difficult to separate small contrast boundaries for shallow hydrogeological units. In our work, we use constrains to the conductivity distributions in the imaging process. These constraints were obtained by combining hydrogeologic field measurements with laboratory measurements of electrical properties of undisturbed soils cores measured under similar conditions at the core location. The setting for this investigation is located at Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, which is located in the Clark Fork River flood plain (headwaters to the Columbia River). The hydrogeophysical investigation is driven by flooding that has occurred after stream restoration and a lack of understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions. Water levels, drill cuttings, and surface water flow data is not enough to accurately characterize water mounding from an irrigation ditch and the natural variation of hydraulic conductivity. Soil cores were taken at several locations in the floodplain, and our results show that they significantly improved hydrogeological data interpretation at historical Grant-Kohrs Ranch. The coupled hydrogeologic and hydrogeophysical results is used to showed an important improvement our conceptual in the understanding of hydrologic processes and develop a to construct a groundwater flow model at Grant-Kohrs Ranch. Introduction Grant Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site (Figure 1) is a U.S. National Parks Service (NPS) owned ranch created in 1972 to commemorate the western cattle industry. The ranch was originally established in 1862 in the flood plain near the confluence of the Clark Fork River and its tributary Cottonwood Creek. In the late 1990s the NPS conducted riparian stream restoration along Johnson Creek, a much smaller tributary of the Clark Fork River near the Ranch house. Since then, flooding near the ranch has been problematic during wet water years. Limited livestock grazing through fencing and


The utility model discloses a novel light emitting diode (LED) chip module which is characterized by comprising a base plate, LED light strings, a rectifier bridge and power control units. The power control units comprise power control chips, first resistors, and second resistors. The power control chips comprise current control modules and overcurrent-overvoltage-overheating protection modules. The LED light strings comprise a plurality of LED chips connected in series. Reflection cup holes are formed in the base plate. One LED chip is correspondingly arranged on the bottom face of each reflection cup hole. Compared with the prior art, the novel LED chip module adopts a chip on board (COB) integrated packaging structure, and integrates driving circuits. The novel LED chip module is high in an integration level, small in size, small in power consumption, and high in brightness, besides can be directly connected with a state grid alternating current (AC) 220V +/-15%, does not need to be used with matching of a huge driving power source, and is convenient to use. The whole LED chip module is simple in circuits, adopted components are all suitable for automatic quantity production, popularization is convenient, and labor production cost is lowered.


Considering the weather nowcasting, which has no prospect of intervention, they cause the vital results in human life and animal life, accurate analysis and estimation of these variables is very important and crucial. There is an increased interest in nowcasting the bad weather conditions, among which presence of snow/no-snow is crucial, in order to fully capture the global atmospheric water cycle. This paper introduces an efficient decision tree algorithm named Supervised Learning using Gain Ratio as Attribute Selection measure (SLGAS), expanded to our previous algorithm Supervised Learning Using Entropy as Attribute Selection Measure (SLEAS), for the prediction of snow/no-snow using 31 international locations historical datasets, collected from various meteorological departments. The algorithm has been validated extensively with five performance measures namely accuracy, specificity, precision, dice and error rate respectively. Further, we compared our proposed method with the SLIQ and SLEAS decision tree algorithms in terms of the overall classification performance measures and it is clearly showing that the SLGAS algorithm is outperforming with an average accuracy of 85.92%, error rate of 14.07%.


Cytochrome c (Cyt c) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are encapsulated in the galleries of α-zirconium phosphate (Zr[HPO4]2·nH2O, α-ZrP) and α-zirconium phosphonate Zr(PO3CH2COOH)2·nH2O (α-ZrPAA), under mild conditions (pH 7.2, room temperature). Thermal stability, peroxidase activity, and the spectral features of the bound proteins are largely preserved. The binding constants for α-ZrP are in the range 1−100 μM-1. Cyt c shows a much higher affinity for α-ZrP (42/μM) than HRP (1.5/μM) and α-ZrP has a much higher affinity for Cyt c than α-ZrPAA. The binding interactions are, thus, sensitive to the surface functional groups of the protein as well as the ZrP matrix. The α, β, and the soret absorption bands of heme protein−α-ZrP composites were essentially superimposable with those of the native protein. The FTIR spectra of the protein−phosphate composites are superimposable with those of the native proteins indicating no major changes in the secondary structures of the bound proteins. Powder diffraction data...


The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediated link of perception of organizational politics (POP) between neuroticism and intent to leave; job stress. In this cross sectional field survey, the data was collected from 212 employees of various public and private sector organizations of Pakistan. The results revealed that perception of politics fully mediated between neuroticism and intent to leave. In addition, POP partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and job stress. Previous studies recommended investigating the mechanism through which Big Five personalities are linked to outcomes. Perception of organizational politics is the phenomenon which prevails in every organization, the results of this study showed that neuroticism is linked to intent to leave and job stress via perception of organization politics. Knowledge and evidence of this research will help managers in recruitment, selection, motivation, training and development of employees. This study will also help organizational development practitioners to understand and overcome the employee stress and intent to leave phenomenon. This is one of the early studies exploring the mediation of perceived organizational politics between Big Five and job outcomes such as intent to leave and job stress. The developing country context of this study makes it considerable in the literature of organizational behavior and psychology.


This paper presents an evaluation of electromagnetic (EM) emission energy by using far-field environmental measurement. The ultra wide-band (UWB) radiator is used due to fit characteristics of new generation communication device. It is applied to approach specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) in order to measure in terms of EM energy, radiation pattern, impedance, and specific absorption rate (SAR), respectively. Scattering and power absorption are also evaluated. Finally, the numerical method FDTD is used to compare experiment results. By using far-field to measure EM radiation energy may be acceptable and worktable.


Objective To investigate the change of surgical treatment and the difference of prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis in the past 30 years. Methods The clinical data of 216 patients with severe acute pancreatitis in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between 1981 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment therapy for severe acute pancreatitis was summarized. Results There were no significant differences in sex, age, etiology or the interval from initiation of disease to hospital admission between different periods (1981-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2010, all P0.05). The interval from initiation of disease to operation was the shortest during the period of 1981-1990 and longest during the period of 1991-2000 (all P0.05). The frequency of surgery is the highest during the period of 1981-1990 and lowest during the period of 1991-2000 (all P0.05). Continuous venous hemofiltration, minimally invasive puncture and drainage, and early enteral nutrition were more frequently used in the period of 2001-2010 than ever before. As compared with the period of 1981-1990 and 1991-2000, total parenteral nutrition and hospital stay were significantly shortened, and the incidence of organ failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and in-hospital mortality were significantly decreased during the period of 2001-2010 (all P0.05). Conclusion The treatment for severe acute pancreatitis has exeperienced the surgical regime, non-surgical regime and multi-disciplinary treatment regime from 1981 to 2010 in China, and the prognosis of patients is significantly improved. It contributes greatly to the improvement of clinical technique and elucidation of mechanism.


Linking poverty, values and education - some implications for poverty alleviation
It is argued that the conventional measures in poverty alleviation (e.g. basic education, primary health care, community development, job creation) only deal with the symptoms of poverty, whereas the crux of poverty alleviation lies in the realm of moral and ecological values. These values are briefly discussed. New or transformed values imply the essential role of education (in the form of guidance, tuition or training). Some practical considerations and guidelines for the inclusion of moral and ecological values in the broad curriculum of educational institutions are given.


We present a study of fabrication and characterization of methyl red doped polystyrene waveguides. Optical absorption and mode effective refractive index measurements were performed on a large number of waveguides fabricated on glass substrates prepared by a dip coating technique. It is observed that doping of azo dye increases the index of refraction of the waveguides. The losses, however, decrease initially for dye concentration up to 0.1% and thereafter increase rapidly.


The human element in mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures is too critical to be left until late in the process. Dow's HR Center for M&As is on the scene early to uncover factors that could influence the viability and value of a deal, and then helps the business leaders plan and execute the implementation strategy. Having developed tried-and-true approaches, tools, and integrated HR solutions, along with practices for capturing key learnings from every deal, the center has become a repository of HR know-how essential to a corporate growth strategy centered on M&As. © 2007 Dow Chemical Company


to purchase one SGI four-processor machine, one file server, ten X-terminals, a color laser printer, and site licenses for Maple and Matlab which will be dedicated to the support of research for the projects proposed here. We also request funding for partial support for one professional system administrator to setup and maintain this equipment. A specific list of the projects are as follows: • Computations in Algebraic Geometry: hypergeometric functions, toric varieties, enumerative geometry (Eduardo Cattani, David Cox, Frank Sottile) • Computational Number Theory: numerical and graphical investigations of Artin L-functions (David Hayes, Siman Wong) • Mesoscopic theories and hybrid computational algorithms in materials science and fluid mechanics Amherst will contribute cost sharing of 50% of the amount of this purchase, and will assume the full personnel costs after NSF funding ends.


In the modern economy, innovation has become an important determinant of economic growth and sustainable development, so the need to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovation transfer is increasing. The aim of the work is to develop the approach to the evaluation of innovation transfer effectiveness at macro, meso and micro levels of national economies. The paper also reveals the differences in the processes of knowledge spillover and the innovation transfer within innovation systems of different levels; as well it assesses the innovation transfer processes based on the data from Russian regions. The authors make some judgments about the effectiveness of technology transfer and analyze the prerequisites for knowledge spillover across Russian regions.


Abstract Although Rachel Bespaloff published only two short studies of Kierkegaard's works (1934-1935), her work, some of the first critical analyses of his philosophy, had a profound impact on Kierkegaard's reception in France. Despite the fact that she published no studies of Kierkegaard's works after 1935, her essays and letters nevertheless attest to a continued interest in the Danish philosopher, in whom she seeks a new source for philosophy. As a Jewish intellectual writing in a historically troubled context, Bespaloff's readings are critically engaged and question how Kierkegaard's philosophy can be received and appropriated in the context of the 20th century


Song Dynasty is a turning point of feudal soc ie ty in politics,economy and culture.So the frolic function of traditional folk cu stom is more prominent.Festival Culture Tourism is a new force suddenly coming t o the fore,emerging with colorfull patterns,displaying characteristics of it's distinctive sociality,participation and centralization.The vigoroustour activitiespromote consumption,flourish economy,enrich people's life,and abet luxury as well.


For this study, which was conducted in summer from 2006~2007, 25 places of stream area in Korea, which were not affected by human, were selected by considering variable environmental factors. Plant surveys were performed in five qaudrats per each place of stream area(stream length=about 1km) on the basis of Braun-Blanquet(1964) and in four belt(length=20m) per each place of stream area by using belt-transect method in order to study the vegetation of the present-day potential natural state of water. In the results of the plant survey, the common plant communities in the mid-northern district(latitude37˚37.9˚N) were Quercus mongolica community and Fraxinus rhynchophylla community(with Quercus mongolica and Quercus aliena), and the common plant communities in the southern district(latitude35˚35.9˚N) were Quercus serrata community, Styrax japonica community and Quercus variabilis community. The common plant communities in the central district(latitude36˚36.9˚N) were Quercus serrata community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Quercus aliena community, which have the middle characteristic between mid-northern and southern district. Also, in the results of correlation analysis between environmental factors and appearance of plant species in the survey places of stream area, Eco region showed the most significant correlation, but for the plan to restore flood plain, it is necessary to clarify the vegetation of potential natural stream by increasing the number of study cases considering variable environmental factors, in the future.


The author argues for a new U.S. immigration policy that would auction visas to the highest bidder. He contends that this system would benefit the United States by allowing entry to high economic producers thereby providing monetary profit to the U.S. treasury. In comparing the current U.S. immigration admission policy with the proposed auction system the author concludes that "in addition to providing economic benefits to Americans an auction is less arbitrary and thus fairer than the existing policy as well as most alternative policies short of open immigration." (EXCERPT)


After the Failure of the Atondo-Kino attempt (1683–1685) to found permanent Christian missions among the Indians of the rock-ribbed peninsula called Lower California, the project lapsed for over a decade. Then a missionary who was to achieve historical fame, Juan María Salvatierra, was sent as official Visitor to the north Sonoran establishments where Eusebio Francisco Kino was working successfully and pushing the frontier of New Spain across the international boundary north to what is now Tucson in Arizona. As Kino and Salvatierra jogged on horseback over mission trails during the early months of 1691, the former was able to impart to Salvatierra a spark of his enthusiasm for the conversion of the Indians of Lower California. The spark fell amidst ready tinder which took fire. From that time on an unquenchable desire to convert the Indians of California took hold of Salvatierra. Though other duties intervened (Salvatierra was made rector at Guadalajara, then master of novices at Tepotzotlán), he never gave up the idea of founding permanent missions in the cactus-ridden peninsula. For years the holy man prodded viceroys in Mexico and Jesuit generals in Rome. Finally, through a fortunate combination of circumstances both in New Spain and in Rome, secular and ecclesiastical authorities became willing to allow the Black Robe to carry out his idea provided there would be no burden put upon the royal fisc and provided he would take full charge of the soldiers and seamen necessary to implement the founding of a permanent establishment on the peninsula. The happy turn of events came in 1696. Salvatierra with Kino and Juan de Ugarte as treasurer would beg money to finance the expedition, Kino would cross the gulf with Salvatierra, and the first permanent mission in California would be founded. The last minute Kino was detained and Francisco María Picólo, Tarahumar missionary, was designated. But the ardent Salvatierra could not wait. In a small boat with sixteen men, three of them Christian Indians, the missionary put off from the port of Yaqui on October 10, 1697. After dangers and adventures the party set foot on California soil five days later.


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is extremely aggressive, often characterized by its early stage metastasis, resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and extremely poor prognosis. FOLFIRINOX is the current standard of care for patients who can tolerate its side effects, and is a cocktail of four anti‐cancer drugs: 5‐fluorouricil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. This investigation focuses on chemotherapy resistance to FOLFIRINOX in multiple PDAC cell lines. Using dosages based on ratios of each drug given clinically, GI50 assays with a cocktail of all 4 anti‐cancer drugs in FOLFIRINOX were conducted in four independent PDAC cell lines. Initial measurements for relative sensitivity based on the concentration of drug cocktail needed to inhibit the growth of 50% of the population, the PANC 03.27 cell line was found to be the most sensitive to FOLFIRINOX with a GI50 value of 0.71 mM, while PANC 05.04 was found to be the most resistant with a GI50 value of 1.50 mM. These two cell lines were chosen to then be cultured in FOLFIRINOX in order to create a model of chemotherapy resistance. Both PDAC lines were treated with their GI10 dosage for 3 days and then allowed to grow until confluent. This treatment process was repeated multiple times with the goal of building and maintaining resistance to FOLFIRINOX. Currently, both cell lines have undergone three FOLFIRINOX treatments, and GI50 assays are being run to identify their change in resistance. After resistance is achieved, RNA sequencing will be performed on both treated (resistant) and untreated cells. Changes in gene expression accompanying resistance may lend insight into the underlining mechanism of resistance in FOLFIRINOX experienced by many patients with pancreatic cancer.


There are two types of 'V-ki' reduplication constructions in Korean: 'V-ki' negative implicature construction(VNC) and 'V-ki' cleft construction(VCC). The VNC is motivated or necessitated by the scope taking over V and negative implicature. This leads to the formation process which is composed of nominalizer '-ki', delimiter, V copy. And in this construction, the V copy copies the phonological property of V only. So, the 'ha-' support can substitute V copy. The VCC is motivated by the gap of normal cleft constructions, and composed of nominalizer '-ki', delimiter, V copy. What is important is that in VCC the syntactic property such as argument taking property as well as phonological property is copied. This leads to the prohibition of 'ha-' support and parallel projection of independently formed verbal phrases, whose heads are copies of the same V.


The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) is an important grain legume crop in Malawi where it is grown by small holder farmers for food as well as for sale. Among the many diseases that limit crop productivity is the common bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli (Xap) . Effective breeding for resistance to Xap requires understanding of the model of inheritance for resistance. A study to determine the inheritance of resistance to Xap in common bean was carried out in Malawi. Two established bean varieties originating from local landraces in Malawi (Chimbamba and Nasaka), plus one line (RC 15) from the breeding programme at Bunda College of Agriculture, were used as recipient (susceptible) parents; while Vax 6 from CIAT was the donor (resistant) parent. The progenies were advanced to F 2 generations in greenhouses. The F 2 populations were evaluated for resistance to Xap . The results showed that one recipient parent, Chimbamba, which is supposedly homogeneous, behaved like a segregating population and, therefore, modified the phenotypic ratios of the progenies. A Chi-square test using data generated from populations resulting from the three recipient parents showed that the inheritance of resistance to Xap was controlled by two major genes with possible minor genes involvement. The same was true when a Chi-square test was used to analyse the pooled data across populations generated from the three recipient parents (Chimbamba, Nasaka and RC 15), suggesting that inheritance of resistance to Xap was controlled by two major genes.


3D beam-grid model and entity-element model are used to calculate a prestressed skew-beam bridge. The process of modeling is described to validate the practicability of beam-grid model and give some advice to improve accuracy. By comparison of these two models, the accuracy and drawback of the beam-grid method is checked. When the beam-grid mode is prestressed, the dissymmetry of side beams brings forth great stress distortion. To solve the problem, some important advice on data collection is listed hereby for reference in calculation of similar bridges.


The changes in the corporate environment is transforming and expanding the design concept and in recent years, it is demanding a rapid change in the subject and methods of design fields. Enterprises are strategically organizing themselves focusing on the design such as expanding the investment on the design management and strengthening of research base, etc. Therefore, the direction of the design role for corporate image also requires strategic and differentiated approach rather than a temporary and fragmentary approach. This study aims to understand the phenomenon of convergence appearing in the design field and for the method, it was oriented towards the literature study supplemented with relevant case studies. Since the 1990s, the cases of convergence appearing in the design field according to the changes in the environment are largely seen as "the spread of design management" and "the increase of corporate social role." In the design management, it is proposing that the design should not be used simply as means of promoting the sales of the product but understanding the future values and vision in order to lead the changes by actively responding to the environment using the knowledge and insights in related fields. A strategic direction of the design can also be seen in the study related to the design role by Mozota(2008) who has defined the status of design in the organizational and strategic level. In addition, changes of future society and industry are requiring a fundamental role change of the design in the implementation of the corporate value. This is showing that the corporate social role considering the public interest and environment while having interest in the rights of minorities and the underprivileged is an important directivity of the enterprises. As such, the increase in the corporate social role and the design management is showing an important integrated and convergence point of view in the design for the corporate image as well as the development of digital technology. As such, this study is seeking the expansion of new value creation and role of the future design according to the recent environmental changes by dividing it into two areas called "the spread of design management" and "the increase of corporate social role." while looking for the direction of the design role in the convergence point of view.


Global precedence, the priority of attention given to the global features of a visual percept relative to its local features, is a well-established phenomenon in visual attention. In response to McKone et al.'s (McKone et al., 2010) finding of East-West differences in global precedence and conclusion that these differences were attributable to race, the present thesis investigated this claim using the same procedure (a composite-letter task) and similar groups with additional manipulations. Based on previous theory, we examined the malleability of global precedence and the group differences by priming collectivism–individualism and manipulating task instructions. In Study 1, default global precedence was significantly higher in Chinese participants than in Chinese Australians, with Caucasian Australians appearing to be in-between. In Study 2, priming individualist and collectivist mindsets made global precedence disappear, along with the group differences. In Study 3, global precedence re-appeared when participants were instructed to attend more to the global level, but not when they were instructed to attend more to the local level, with no group differences. Results show global precedence to be a malleable phenomenon, and suggest that cultural differences in default global precedence are due to modes of situated cognition, not genetics.


Abstract Radiotelemetry has become an important method for examining movement patterns of fishes. The use of aircraft allows transmitter-implanted fish to be tracked over long distances and in areas difficult to access on the ground. However, the accuracy of aerially determined locations can limit the types of conclusions one can draw about fish habitat use. We utilized aerial telemetry while studying the effects of irrigation canals on a population of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. To determine the accuracy of aerially determined locations, we used a method common in terrestrial studies whereby transmitters are placed at known locations and then located by a naive pilot. These aerially determined locations were then compared with the known locations of transmitters to determine the mean error associated with aerial telemetry. In our study, we found that aerially acquired location errors ranged from 22 to 426 m and had a mean of 178 m. In a review of recent studies that used aerial telemetry, we fo...


he objectives of doing comparative analyses of EIA systems in Malaysia, South Africa,
1 hailand and Denmark are to inform policy makers with a view to improve EIA in the home countries, extend
knowledge oi methodological procedures and to increase international understanding of en\ ironmcnial
problems. The EIA procedures are aiming to provide individual approvals of different projects and assess and
mitigate the potential environmental impacts. Some procedures are written in the EIA legislation but EIA
administration and procedures are also based on the national tradition. To overcome this an EIA on a highway
was analysed in each of the four countries. In the paper we compare the EIA systems in the four countries
across four different themes: Relation to standard EIA procedure, EIA system and surrounding environmental
regulation, form of public participation, and scope of and methods in the analyses of environmental impacts.
Important findings are; that a participation in international cm ironmcnial conventions is reflected in the EIA
issues, EIA will expand on issues where environmental legislation is considered insufficient, cultural
determined issues will be enclosed in the EIA. and public access and public participation in the decision
process are present in all four countries but in very different ways


By using R Hierarchical cluster to establish State-space Models combined with Kalman Filter solution,this article compared the dynamic influence of monetary policy changes on the high-price,middle-price as well as the low-price areas.The empirical test result shows that scales of loans have more impacts on the housing price,and the impact varies greatly according to different areas.However,the pricing tools such as interest adjustment have less influence,and the regional influence is invisible.Therefore;the macroeconomic control on housing market should make some adjustment according to the influence of monetary policies.It should shift from pricing tools to quantity tools so as to achieve the expected effect.


Editor—Letrilliart et al conclude that the winter epidemic of diarrhoea in France in 1995-6 was not associated with consumption of tap water or shellfish, that person to person spread was implicated, and that the epidemic was of viral aetiology.1 Despite considerable reservations about the validity of their evidence we agree that the epidemic may have been largely attributable to viral diarrhoea.


What are the Consciousness of Problems and students' Independent Innovation in teaching and learning On what basis of theory, the cultivation of the consciousness of problems and the increase of the capability of the independent innovation would be possible The paper aims at analyzing the above problems from the perspective of psychology and pedagogy. Additionally, the related teaching methodologies raised by the study of mathematical teaching to make the math class more active.


Future agricultureal systems will produce bioenergy on basis of on- and off-farm crops and residues, implying beneficial recycling of plant nutrients back to soil and plants. This will reduce emission of climate gases and may also reduce spread of weed seeds, parasites and pathogens. However, it may also induce long-term reduction in soil organic pools.


Introduction. NFT scheme is used to certify the authenticity of digital records. It is also to provide a code for the original (genuine) data recorded on the blockchain. NFT creates a single data that cannot be duplicated in digital records. The misuse of NFT authentication to illegally certify other people's data have become a problem.
Data Collection Methods. This study used an argumentative literature review with a qualitative approach. It used literature data sources from various fields related to the basic concepts of archival science as a basic analysis.
Data Analysis. The analysis process consisted of several stages, namely reading the reviewed literature, summarising, analysing, and synthesising them critically and deeply.
Results and Discussion. The concept of development related to data ownership issues can be formulated by collaborating with user communities, developers, and digital service designers (ecosystems). As a preventive measure, understanding the logistical consequences of data security threats was very helpful. This included authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, and authorisation, they served as important points to reduce risk.
Conclusion. The NFT concept continues to develop dynamically.  A more in-depth study and the involvement of archival science are necessary, thus, NFT scheme can build trust in digital records regarding the issue of data ownership.


A field experiment was conducted to analyse the dynamics of biomass yield and N ,P ,K absorption by maize under different planting systems .Results indicated that the dynamics of biomass yield and N ,P, K absorption could be described by logistic curve equations .The maximum increase rates (MIR)of drymatter in relaycropping maize were higher than those of the single maize ,the highest absorption rates(HAR) of N,P,K in relaycropping maize were lower than those of the single maize .The time of MIR in maize was later than that of the time of HAR. The dynamics of biomass yield and N, P, K absorption in relaycropping maize was later than that of the single maize ,resulting in its lower yield .The utilization rates of N by relaycropping maize in later growth stage were higher than those of the single maize ,but the utilization rates of P were opposite .


Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare and serious disorder mainly affecting elderly patients. It is caused by the production of autoantibodies directed against coagulation factors; patients present with spontaneous bleeding, potentially fatal, in the absence of familial or personal history. Autoimmune disorders, infections, solid and hematologic tumors, and drugs are predisposing factors, but up to 50 percent of cases remain unexplained. The diagnosis of AHA is confirmed by specific laboratory tests; and the therapy is a clinical challenge, due to the fact that older patients are often affected by comorbidities. By passing agents may be used when persistent bleeding or haemodynamic instability is observed; corticosteroids, alone or with immunosuppressive therapy, are necessary to inhibit the production of the autoantibodies. We describe a case in which steroids in monotherapy successfully, safely, and persistently inhibited the production of anti-Factor VIII antibodies, in an old patient admitted after rheumatologic consult.


Paratypcs 3 J's, Aweme, Man. (Aug. 12th, 15th, 1Sth) ( N . Criddle) in Canadian National Collection and Collection Barnes. The species resembles considerably's miniature agitatellus Clem. but the white stripe is narrower and has no tooth on lower margin; the coloration shows less of the ochreous shades found in this latter species. A specimen from South Park, Colo., (Oslar) in the Barnes Collection appears to belong to this species. Worn specimens tend to show a general diffusion of the white areas.


The epsilon wave is listed as a major criterion for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia (ARVC/D) in the modified Task Force criteria.1 It is defined as a low amplitude signal between the end of the QRS complex to the onset of the T-wave in the right precordial leads V1-V3. It is relatively specific for patients with ARVC/D, although it has been infrequently reported to be present in patients with acute right ventricular myocardial infarction, sarcoidosis, tetralogy of Fallot, Epstein's malformation, and Brugada syndrome. The Task Force states that an epsilon wave needs to be present after the end of the QRS complex. This was done in order to avoid confusion with low amplitude signals within the QRS complex that could be due to fractionation of ventricular conduction rather than the epsilon wave that is a late or delayed depolorarization potential.2 This "post excitation" potential is due to slow conduction after the major (QRS) electrical depolarization potential. The epsilon wave may be present within the QRS complex. In ARVC/D the right ventricle is depolarized more slowly than normal, resulting in a prolonged S-wave in the right precordial leads. This can cause a low amplitude signal that is present prior to or at the end of the QRS complex in leads V1-V3 and may result in lack of sensitivity to identify clearly this as an epsilon wave.3,4 Thus, the epsilon wave may occur within the S-wave or before the end of the QRS complex in the right precordial leads. It is likely that epsilon waves are more commonly present when there is marked fibrosis and/or fatty replacement of the right ventricle. In addition, they are more likely to be present in patients with marked enlargement of the right ventricle and this has been verified.5 In the original report of the 24 cases of ARVC/D who had severe disease as evidenced by refractory ventricular tachycardia, epsilon waves were present in 7 of the 24 patients.6 When special techniques were used to detect these waves such as high amplification of the ECG and the SAECG, this wave was present in 13 of 16 patients who had ECG recordings with these techniques. The fact that epsilon waves may not be recorded frequently in early onset disease, particularly in those who do not have longstanding,


We recall the emergence of the "He problem", its currently accepted solution, and we summarize the presently available constraints on models of stellar nucleosynthesis and studies of Galactic chemical evolution from measurements of the abundance of He in the Galaxy. 1 In the beginning was tralphium The isotope He probably first entered the astrophysical arena in 1949 with the (unpublished) calculations of Fermi & Turkevich concerning the chemical evolution of the first half-hour of the Universe. The names "tralphium" and "tralpha particles" invented by George Gamow for this isotope and its nuclei, have survived only in his humourous description of nucleogenesis: And God said: "Let there be mass three." And there was mass three. And God saw tritium and tralphium, and they were good". And so on to transuranium elements, with Fred Hoyle's help to bridge the gap at mass five (Kragh 1996). The rough estimate of by Fermi & Turkevich (He ≃ 10 by mass) was later refined by more detailed calculations, like e.g. those of Wagoner, Fowler, & Hoyle (1967) who showed that He could be produced at levels comparable to its terrestrial abundance (∼ 5×10 by mass) during the evolution of a "universal fireball or a supermassive object", or, as we say today, in the big bang . Thus, at least in principle, the abundance of He could be used (together with D, He and Li) to test theoretical predictions, and, in particular, to constrain the baryon density of the Universe. Having gained the special status of "cosmic baryometer" and caught the attention of cosmologists, the interest in He spread rapidly in the astronomical community.


A novel approach to coproduce value-added carboxylic acids has been developed via a "one-pot" aqueous-phase hydrogen transfer (APHT) process, in which hydrogen in biomass molecules is transferred to carbonate/bicarbonate ions over supported noble metal nanocatalysts. In mild hydrothermal media, a variety of biomass derived alcohols or polyols have been efficiently converted to carboxylic acids, while simultaneously, formates have been obtained from the reduction of carbonates/bicarbonate salts without using external H2. In an APHT process at the optimized reaction conditions, a high yield of lactate, ∼55%, was achieved using glycerol as the hydrogen donor, and simultaneously, ∼30% of formate was produced by the reduction of sodium bicarbonates over the Pd on a carbon catalyst. The catalyst was stable after three-time consecutive reuse without regeneration, and the possible APHT reaction mechanism was proposed.


as Anti-influenza Virus Agents Tidal power: We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of several ProTides of 6-modified analogues of 2 ' -fluoro-2 ' -deoxyguanosine as anti-in-fluenza agents. The superiority of the ProTides over the parent nucleosides was demonstrated in both influenza virus replication assays in MDCK cells and vRNP reconstitution assays in HEK-293T cells.


Objective To explore the effects of human menopausal gonadotropopin(HMG)supplementation on the outcome of women underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods The data of 406IVF-ET cycles in Reproductive Medicine Center of the 105th Hospital of PLA were analyzed retrospectively.All cases underwent long down regulation protocol with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a)in the mid-luteal phase and controlled ovarian stimulation(COS)was carried out with follicle stimulation hormone(r-FSH)on the days 3-5of the menstrual cycle.Then 75-150U HMG was administrated in group A(257cycles)when a dominant follicle reached a diameter of 14mm,while the remaining cases(149cycles)underwent HCG still with r-FSH were served as group B.Based on the LH levels on the day of HMG administration,the cases in group A were subdivided into:group A1(99cycles),LH1U/L;group A2(96cycles),1U/L≤LH≤2U/L,and group A3(62cycles),LH2U/ L.Clinical outcomes of all groups were analyzed and compared.Results The durations and doses of gonadotropin(Gn),the rates of fertilization and pregnancy were higher and the abortion rate was lower in group A than that in group B(P0.05).There were no significant difference in serum LH concentrations on the days of HMG and HCG administration,oocytes retrieved,the rates of cleavage and embryo implantation between group A and group B(P0.05).There was significant difference in serum LH levels on the day of HMG supplementation among group A1,A2and A3(P0.05)and the doses of HMG supplemented reduced gradually from group A1to group A3(P0.05).The duration of Gn was significantly lower and the fertilization rate was significantly higher in group A3compared with group A1and A2(P0.05).The pregnancy rate in group A2and A3was higher than that in group A1,which showed significant difference between group A2and A1(P0.05).Meanwhile,there were no significant difference in doses of r-FSH,serum LH concentrations on the day of HCG administration,oocytes retrieved,the rates of cleavage,implantation and abortion among the three groups(P0.05).Conclusion HMG supplementation in the middle and late follicle phases in standard long down-regulation protocol during IVF could obtain higher pregnancy rate and lower abortion rate,especially when their serum LH level was between 1U/L and 2U/L without obvious increase of LH.


A solution to Maxwell's equations subject to boundary conditions on counterwound helical wires is achieved. The helices are contained in a cylindrical surface that is concentric to a perfectly conducting center conductor of circular cross section. The permittivity of the annular region may be different from that of the external region. The excitation is taken to be symmetrical about the cable which leads to a considerable simplification of the formulation. The key step is to recognize that the assumed form of the current on the thin helical wires is a spatial harmonic expansion that leads to a doubly infinite expansion, in such harmonics, for the resultant fields. The inherent complication of the problem results from the intercoupling between the spatial harmonics of the helix currents. Various generalizations of the theory are also indicated.


The purpose of this study is to know the evaluation of the implementation of local policy number 7 of 2010 regarding handover of facilities, basic facilities and utilities in the area of industry, commerce, housing, and settlement in Surabaya. As well as other objectives of this study is to know the factors that influence the implementation of the policy. The result that obtained indicate that local policy number 7 of 2010 regarding handover of facilities, basic facilities and utilities in the area of industry, commerce, housing, and settlement has not been good in terms of implementation. There was evidenced from 7 points classifications that is related to the implementation which is only 4 points classifications that are indicate positive result. That 3 points classification are the verification team, monitoring and control system, as well as the creation and delivery reports. As for the 4 points are provision and handover, management and budgeting system, the implementation of sanctions, as well as evaluation. And then, the factors that influence the implementation of this policy is communication, target group, bureaucratic structure, and external environment.


Report written by a group of experts on behalf o the Federal Commission for Nutrition (FCN) 2012. Approved the by Federal Commission for Nutrition on February 10, 2013. Other titles: Iodine supply in Switzerland: Current status and recommendations Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-91035 Published Research Report Published Version Originally published at: Quack Lötscher, K C (2013). JOD. Switzerland: Federal Office of Public Health.


any given audition, even addressing what to do the night before. Spirited Wind Playing presents a wealth of expert insight, gained over a lifetime of relentless study and contemplation. Although the structure is at times difficult to follow, Walker succeeds in combining the philosophical with the practical to provide an excellent guidebook. Her inquisitive nature shines throughout, and her enthusiasm for each topic is palpable. To be clear, Spirited Wind Playing is not light reading; rather, it requires active engagement and focus. Due to the complex treatment of topics, it is most appropriate for the mature wind player, and may not be suitable for younger musicians. Spirited Wind Playing is a unique and valuable contribution to wind literature and is highly recommended for both serious wind players and institutional music library collections.


The growing threat of terrorism activities has caused an urgent need of improved forensic explosive analysis. Complex matrices, limited samples, and ambiguous interpretations serve as challenges for a forensic chemist in order to link the evidence to the perpetrator of the crime. This review focuses on three aspects namely screening techniques, extraction techniques, and instrumental techniques. For the screening techniques, this review focuses on fast detection based on chemical respond for preand post-explosion residues. Different types of extraction methods including swabbing technique, solid phase extraction, and solid phase microextraction were discussed. Instrumental techniques covered in this review included gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.


To the Editor: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is hampered by gastrointestinal toxicity. Ibuprofen is an NSAID widely used because of its relative good gastrointestinal tolerability, although this drug has also been associated with gastric lesions in some cases. Ibuprofen-arginate is a highly soluble salt of ibuprofen, formed by combining racemic ibuprofen with the naturally occurring amino acid L-arginine. L-Arginine renders ibuprofen more soluble in water and facilitates its rapid absorption through the gastric enteric mucosa. By combining ibuprofen with L-arginine, the potential exists for delivering ibuprofen in a faster, more effective formulation that would presumably result in a faster onset of action. The safety profile of ibuprofen-arginate is well established and documented in the literature. Furthermore, ibuprofen-arginate has been shown to cause less gastric injury than ibuprofen (alone) in preclinical studies in animals. However, up to now, no study has evaluated and compared endoscopic lesions, and not only tolerability, induced by ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginate in humans. Our aim was to compare gastric endoscopic lesions, in addition to tolerability, in healthy volunteers treated with ibuprofen or ibuprofen-arginate. Healthy volunteers were included in this prospective randomized phase 1 study. Exclusion criteria were: smoking habit, alcoholic intake, drug intake for the last 30 days, pregnancy or latency, any previous organic disease, Helicobacter pylori infection (by C-urea breath test), histologic gastritis, or any macroscopic lesion at basal endoscopy. Study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee and signed informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Two treatments were randomly assigned (with allocation concealment): ibuprofen (Neobrufen, Knoll Laboratory, S.A., Madrid, Spain) 600 mg four times daily p.o. or ibuprofenarginate (Espidifen, Zambòn, S.A., Barcelona, Spain) 600 mg four times daily p.o. for 3 days. Adverse effects were evaluated by means of a general and a specific (gastrointestinal) questionnaire. Oneweek before starting therapy, an endoscopy was performed in all subjects, and gastric biopsies were obtained from gastric antrum and corpus to rule out histologic gastritis. Endoscopy was repeated at the end of treatment by the same expert endoscopist, who was blinded to the treatment prescribed. Gastric endoscopic lesions were classified using the Lanza score. Comparisons between independent proportions were carried out by x test. Quantitative variables (endoscopic Lanza scores) were compared using Wilcoxon test. To demonstrate clinically significant differences of 1.2 points in the Lanza score, considering an a error of 0.05 and a b error of 0.20, 24 subjects were required. A total of 241 volunteers were initially contacted, 87 attended the selection visit, 26 initiated the study, and 24 completed the study protocol. Sixteen adverse effects were reported in 8 subjects (67%) treated with ibuprofen and 7 adverse effects in 6 subjects (50%) treated with ibuprofen-arginate (P = 0.016). All adverse effects were mild, except one (epigastric pain with ibuprofen, whichwas moderate). No patient had to stop treatment because of side effects. Endoscopic Lanza scorewas lower in the group treated with ibuprofen-arginate (mean 1.5 6 1.1) than in the group receiving ibuprofen (1.75 6 0.7), although the differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.5). All subjects taking ibuprofen had at least one gastric lesion, whereas two individuals (17%) taking ibuprofen-arginate had no endoscopic lesions. No patient had more than 10 gastric erosions or ulcers. All subjects with Lanza endoscopic score of 0 were asymptomatic, whereas the percentage of symptomatic subjects among those with endoscopic lesions ranged from 40% to 75%. We have found that ibuprofenarginate, when compared with ibuprofen alone, has a tendency to cause less gastric endoscopic lesions (although the differences did not reach statistical significance), and is associated with a significant lower rate of clinical adverse effects. This advantage of ibuprofen-arginate may be due to several explanations. First, the addition of arginate salt facilitates the solubility of ibuprofen, increasing its absorption. Consequently, contact time between the NSAID and the gastric mucosa decreases, and risk of gastric lesions may be reduced, although physical contact seems to be a minor factor compared with cyclooxygenase inhibition. Second, arginine is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), which is implicated in mechanisms maintaining the integrity of the gastric epithelium. At the gastrointestinal level, recent reports in different experimental models revealed the protective activity of L-arginine involving a hyperemic response increasing the gastric blood flow. The safety profile of ibuprofenarginate is well established and documented in the literature, and tolerability of ibuprofen-arginate has been previously compared with that of other drugs, including ibuprofen. Although ibuprofen-arginate has been demonstrated to cause less gastric injury than ibuprofen in experimental studies in animals, no study up to now has compared endoscopic lesions caused by ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginate in humans. Subjective gastrointestinal complaints generally correlate with endoscopic lessions; in our study, all subjects with Lanza endoscopic score of 0 (that is, without lesions) were asymptomatic, whereas the percentage of symptomatic subjects among those with endoscopic lesions ranged from 40% to 75%. However, in some cases, relevant injury to the gastric mucosa may be identified with no associated symptoms, suggesting that not only symptomatic questionnaires but also endoscopic evaluation is important in studies evaluating safety of new NSAIDs. In our study, endoscopic lesions were lower in the group treated with ibuprofenarginate than in the group receiving ibuprofen, although the differences did not Supported in part by a Grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C03/02) and the Zambon Group. The authors thank Brenda Ashley for her English technical assistance. Copyright 2005 by Lippincott Williams &Wilkins


The construction of the city/county integrated PMS of Ma'anshan Power Supply Company was presented.The grid platform established in the system integrated information on equipment,assets,geographical space,network topology,and users,and realized data share among city and county companies.


The chapter begins with a description of an experimental, voluntary program for resolving media libel disputes out of court and explains why the program was created. The chapter then focuses on the findings of an empirical study that examined parties' reactions to the program and the factors that affected its use. Parties' interest in using the ADR program was influenced by their lawyers' recommendations regarding the program, which were affected by the lawyers' familiarity with and attitudes toward ADR. Parties' motives and objectives for the litigation also affected their willingness to use the program. The stage of litigation also played a role. Difficulties getting parties to the table are discussed, as are features that might broaden the appeal of an ADR program.


e19000 Background: KRAS mutations on codons 12, 13 and 61 result in the constitutive activation of protein, which may render tumor cells independent of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling and thereby resistant to tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in NSCLC patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the associations of KRAS and EGFR copy number alteration and mutations with response and time to progression (TTP) in EGFR TKI-treated patients. Methods: 84 samples from NSCLS patients treated with erlotinib or gefitinib were analyzed for KRAS and EGFR mutation status by cobas KRAS and EGFR Mutation Tests (Roche). EGFR copy number was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH, Abbott Molecular) and amplification was defined with three or more gene copies in tumor. Results: KRAS mutation was detected in 15 (17.8%) cases, EGFR mutation in 27 (32.1%) and EGFR amplification in 8 (9.5%). Significant differences were detected in response rates for wild-type (0.2) and mutant KRAS (0.0) ...


Case Report A 66-year-old man had persistent photosensitivity of more than 1 year duration. Examination showed eczematoid lichenified plaques on exposed skin of the face, neck and dorsum of hands, sparing the non-exposed areas below the chin and behind the ears. Histopathologic study showed a superficial lymphocytic infiltrate, with the presence of large lymphoid cells with hyperchromatic irregular nuclei and focal epidermotropism in a pseudolymphomatous T pattern. The patient reported intermittent treatment with simvastatin (ZocorA), the last period having been for 1 month, 7 months before attending our clinic. The clinical picture was interpreted as persistent photodermatitis. The UVB-MED (minimal erythema dose) was tested with the Osram Ultra-Vitalux as light source, giving a value of 1ø 24øø (MED control 1ø58øø). Photopatch testing was performed using Finn ChambersA with the GEF (Grupo Español de Fotobiologı́a) standard series, exposing 1 set to UVA at a dose of 10 J/cm2, with an irradiance of 5 mW/cm2, using a PUVA-180 (Herbert Waldmann Schwennigen, Germany). Photopatch testing was negative, but the patient developed an eczematoid reaction on the irradiated area with concomitant worsening of his photodermatitis. Phototesting was performed again after administering the drug for 5 days, showing a striking diminution of the MED to 42øø. The aforementioned data strongly support systemic photosensitivity to simvastatin, and the patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids and PUVA therapy. After 4 months and a cumulative UVA dose of 510 J/cm2, the patient was asymptomatic and the MED-UVB was normalized. Photopatch testing with simvastatin 2% pet. was carried out with MED-UVB dose (1ø 24øø) and subMED (1ø), producing erythema on the irradiated area 24 h after irradiation. Discussion Actinic reticuloid was described by Ive et al. (2) in 1969. Hawk & Magnus (3) postulated that this entity should be included within chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). More recently, Norris & Hawk (4) defined CAD on the basis of clinical, photobiologic and histologic criteria. Photobiologically, it is a requisite that photosensitivity persists for more than 3 months after discontinuing the implicated drug; this is critical for differentiation of transitory light reaction. In our patient, 7 months after discontinuing the drug, we could still demonstrate an increased sensitivity to UVB, extending to UVA, since with the usual photopatch test dose (10 J/cm2), a dermatitis exceeding the irradiated area occurred. Morimoto et al. (5) reported the 1st case of systemic photosensitivity to simvastatin with a positive photopatch test. We could not find another case of photosensitivity to simvastatin in the literature reviewed. The clinical, histopathologic and photobiologic features meet the criteria for actinic reticuloid/CAD due to systemic photosensitivity to simvastatin.


Semiconductor nanostructures are currently of high interest for a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications. A large number of such devices is based on InAs/GaAs quantum dot structures. In the present work, the pathway of the InAs wetting layer evolution is studied in detail using scanning tunneling microscopy. Thin films varying between 0.09 ML and 1.65 ML of InAs material are grown on the GaAs(001) surface in both typical growth regimes, on the GaAs-c(4x4) and the GaAs-s2(2x4) reconstructed surface. In principle, three growth stages are found. At low InAs coverages, the indium adsorbs in agglomerations of typically eight In atoms at energetically preferable surface sites. At an InAs coverage of about 0.67 ML the initial surface transforms into a (4x3) reconstructed InGaAs monolayer. Further deposited InAs forms a second layer on top of this InGaAs ML, characterized by a typical zig-zag alignment of (2x4) reconstructed unit cells. With this second layer completed, the accumulated amount of strain induces the Stranski-Krastanow growth transition from 2D to 3D growth, and further deposited InAs accumulates in typical three-dimensional islands (quantum dots).


Let $x$ be an eigenvector for an element of a finite irreducible reflection group $W$. Let $W_x$ denote the subgroup of $W$ which stabilises $x$. We provide an upper bound for the number of roots in the root system of $W_x$ . This generalises a result of Kostant, who showed that every eigenvector with eigenvalue a primitive $h^\mathrm{th}$ root of unity is regular, where $h$ is the Coxeter number of $W$. We also give a Lie-theoretic interpretation of our result in the study of semisimple conjugacy classes over Laurent series. In a forthcoming paper, we use this result to establish a geometric analogue of a conjecture of Gross and Reeder.


Nontrivial aspects of psychological protection of a person are considered in this article. Searching activity, creating of new situations, life on the verge. There the way how a person holds his/her wholeness against uncertainty.


Local independent businesses are critical to the economic health and quality of life of communities. This thesis examines whether marketing can motivate people to consciously and reliably support local independent businesses in their community. The first chapter provides an introduction to the problem, explains why marketing can be a solution, and describes how one emerging type of organization the Independent Business Association is currently engaged in this process. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on social marketing to develop a framework for analyzing marketing campaigns, and the literature on ethical consumerism to recognize trends and identify characteristics of the typical ethical consumer. Chapter 3 uses a social marketing framework to examine four ethically-motivated organizations who market products to consumers: SERRV, Ten Thousand Villages, TransFair USA, and CISA. Each case study discusses the organization's marketing goals, strategies (positioning and target markets), and tactics (product, price, place, and promotion). Chapter 4 provides recommendations to Independent Business Associations for creating marketing campaigns that encourage community support for local independent businesses, and makes conclusions based on the research. Thesis Supervisor: Karl Seidman Title: Senior Lecturer, Department of Urban Studies and Planning


A device has been developed which allows the determination of the direction of shear particle motion generated by a single transducer. The normal ways of determining shear motion are to use another crystal of known polarization or to know the crystallographic geometry. This device analyzes the shear motion by use of reflection modes in a multiwaveguide assembly. The shear motion can be related to the geometry of this waveguide assembly.


Disclosed is an optical modulator improved in light use efficiency. Specifically disclosed is an optical modulator (10) comprising a light-emitting unit (22), a Fabry-Perot resonator (16), and a control unit (12) for applying a control voltage to the resonator (16). The resonator (16) comprises a light-modulating film (34) whose refractive index changes according to the electric field applied thereto, and comb electrodes (35, 36) for applying an electric field to the light-modulating film (34). The light emitted from the light-emitting unit (22) is incident on the light incident surface at an angle substantially perpendicular to the direction of the electric field applied to the light-modulating film (34) while being tilted from the normal direction of the light incident surface.


The state space approach to generalized thermoelasticity is reformulated, and it is established that the solutions to the generalized thermoelastic fields can be formed by an entirely different approach as was illustrated by Sosa and Bahar for coupled thermoelastic problems. The article is concemed with a one-dimensional description of a semi-infinite body subjected to two types of boundary conditions; namely: (i) a step input of temperature and zero stress and (ii) a step input of stress and zero temperature. The various results obtained are found to be discontinuous for certain values of time in both the Lord and Shulman and the Green and Lindsay theories of thermoelasticity, and most of the jumps are shown to decay exponentially with time. The results for conventional coupled theory of thermoelasticity are obtained as a particular case of the generalized theory.


We report the 51/2 year prevalence of visual and oculomotor impairments in preterm children born at 24–34 weeks' gestation (WG) using the population-based cohort study EPIPAGE-2, set in France, 2011. The main outcomes were imputed prevalence of refractive errors (REs), strabismus, and binocular visual acuity (VA). Children were clinically assessed by specially trained pediatricians. The population was also analyzed in terms of cerebral palsy at 51/2 years (no CP, stage 1, stage 2, or stage 3–5) and retinopathy of prematurity in the neonatal period (no ROP, stage 1 or 2, or severe ROP). Among the 4441 children included, 2718 (weighted percentage 58.7%) were clinically assessed. REs were reported in 43.1% (95% confidence interval 37.6–48.4), 35.2% (32.7–37.6), and 28.4% (25.0–31.8) of children born at 24–26, 27–31, and 32–34 WG (p < 0.01), respectively; strabismus rates were 19.5% (14.6–24.4), 14.8% (12.9–16.7), and 8.3% (6.2–10.4) (p < 0.001), respectively. Moderate/severe visual deficiencies (VA < 3.2/10) were present in 1.7% (0.2–3.3) of children born at 24–26 WG, and in less than 1% in other groups. A suboptimal VA 5/10–6.3/10 was measured in 40.6% (35.3–45.8) of children born at 24–26 WG, 35.8% (33.5–38.1) at 27–31 WG, and 33.7% (30.4–37.0) at 32–34 WG. CP and ROP were associated with strabismus and RE. The association between CP and VA was strong, while it was not observed for ROP. In this large cohort of preterm-born children, we found a high prevalence of RE and strabismus regardless of WG, supporting the need for specific attention in this population. High prevalence of suboptimal VA could be challenging for these children at the age of reading and writing acquisition.


Results are presented from experimental and theoretical studies of current, dose and energy characteristics of ion beams in the process of ion implantation from pulsed laser plasma containing multicharged ions in an external accelerating electric field. Physical processes in expanding laser-produced plasma are simulated by the particle-in-cell method. The model predicts energy spectra of implanted ions depending on the operation conditions. It has been found both experimentally and theoretically that the current characteristics of the laser plasma expanding from the target to the substrate depend substantially on the time at which the high-voltage accelerating pulse is applied. It is established, that for an effective utilization of double-charged ions in the implantation process it is necessary to realize fast enough turning-on of an external electric field after the laser action on the target. The initiation of high voltage pulse with 50 kV amplitude 0.5 μs after the laser pulse allows realizing the implantation of ions with energy near the 100 keV level. Comparison of experimental and calculated depth distributions shows that the developed model quite adequately describes formation of high-energy components of ion beam which provides the defect formation and alloying of the deep layers of the substrate.


Contents: Sonar navigation; speed measurement; Decca navigation; Loran-C; Omega; satellite navigation; integrated navigation systems; ships' compasses; automatic steering; and radio direction finding.


Unbalanced de novo rearrangements not amenable to characterization by conventional cytogenetics can be elucidated using molecular techniques. By microsatellite polymorphism typing, we initially determined the origin and composition of an unbalanced de novo translocation (46,XX,15q+) in a child with multiple congenital anomalies. Microsatellite polymorphism for D5S208 (localized to 5p15) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that the extra segment originated from the short arm of chromosome 5. Amplification of patient`s DNA with primers for dinucleotide repeats D5S350 and D5S118 showed that most of the short arm of chromosome 5 was present in three copies. The PCR findings were then reconfirmed by a battery of fluorescence in situ hybridizations (FISH). FISH analyses were further helpful in accurately defining the precise trisomic region as well as elucidating the dicentric nature of 46,XX,-15,+der dic (15)t(5;15)(q11.1;p12) de novo translocation. This work demonstrates the benefit of microsatellite polymorphism typing for the identification and characterization of de novo unbalanced rearrangements and apparent tandem duplications in which conventional cytogenetic techniques are usually uninformative. Such study design in cytogenetically equivocal cases could undoubtedly aid in patient management, family counseling and benefit gene mapping studies through accurate genotype-phenotype correlation.


Implantation of a trabecular bypass microstent (iStent GTS-100 Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stent, Glaukos Corp.) effectively lowered IOP and dramatically decreased anti-glaucoma medication use among 48 subjects in a prospective, 24-month, multicenter evaluation. The stent bypasses the blocked trabecular meshwork to allow aqueous fluid to move into the Schlemm's canal area and then out through collector channels.


Time-domain reflectometry has been widely used in the measurement of material electromagnetic properties. In order to obtain the spectrum of the dielectric constant, the measured waveforms need to be analyzed by FFT. Because of multi-reflections in the measured waveform, it is sometimes difficult to extract a clear reflection for analysis and the final results may not be accurate. A wavelet modeling method was used in this paper to extract the frequency-dependent dielectric constant in the measured time-domain waveform. By transforming the measured signal into a series of frequency bands and recognizing it according to the composition of reflections, this method can reduce the effect of multi-reflections on the measurement results.


The lead-free low temperature glass powder was fabricated and lead-free conductive Ag paste was prepared and sintered by mixing the silver powder, the glass powder and the organic vehicle. The morphology of the paste sintered Ag film was observed by SEM, and ingredients, the resistivity were analyzed and measured by EDX, the four point probe meter, respectively. The effects of components of the paste, sintering time, sintering temperature on the conductive properties of Ag film were discussed. The optimal mass fractions of the silver powder, the glass powder and the organic vehicle in paste are 72%, 3% and 25%, respectively, and the optimal sintering temperature is 580 ℃ and the optimal holding temperature time is 5 min.


We characterize the surface chemical states of reactants and catalysts under reaction conditions to elucidate the composition effect of platinum–iron bimetallic nanoparticles on catalytic hydrogenation of organic molecules. The catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene is drastically accelerated on the surface of 2 nm PtFe bimetallic nanoparticles as compared to pure Pt. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy indicates that incorporation of Fe into Pt nanoparticle catalysts weakens the adsorption of ethylidyne, an inactive spectator species, on the catalyst surface. Similarly, the turnover frequency of cyclohexene hydrogenation is also significantly enhanced by incorporating Fe into Pt nanoparticle catalysts. Ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) reveals the surface composition and oxidation states of the PtFe nanoparticles under reaction conditions. The oxidation state distribution of Fe responded to the gas atmosphere and the probing depth, whereas the Pt remained largely...


DANSS is a one cubic meter highly segmented solid scintillator detector. It is placed under a 3.1 GW industrial reactor at the Kalinin NPP (Russia) on a movable platform. The distance from the reactor core center is varied from 10.7 m to 12.7 m on-line. The inverse beta decay (IBD) process is used to detect antineutrinos. DANSS detects about 5000 IBD events per day.Sterile neutrinos are searched for assuming a 4 neutrino model (3 active and 1 sterile neutrino). The exclusion area in the sterile neutrino parameter plane is obtained using a ratio of positron energy spectra collected at different distances. Therefore, results do not depend on the shape and normalization of the reactor v˜e spectrum, as well as on the detector efficiency. The excluded area covers a wide range of the sterile neutrino parameters up to sin2 2θ14 < 0.01 in the most sensitive region. The Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly optimum point is excluded with a confidence level higher than 5σ. A Gaussian CLs method was used to obtain exclusion areas. CLs method includes a point from sin2 2θ, Δm2 plane into exclusion area only if the experiment sensitivity to such point is good. Details of this approach are presented.


High fructose (HF) feeding induces a moderate increase in blood pressure in rats, which is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. In the present study, we examined the chronic effect of morin, a flavonoid isolated from medicinal plants, on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and serum insulin and glucose in HF-induced hypertensive rats. Rats were divided into control group and HF-fed group during the first three weeks of experiments. Then, rats were further divided into four groups and treated for 4 more weeks as follows: 1) control group; 2) morin-treated (intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg/d) control group; 3) HF-fed group; 4) morin-treated, HF-fed group (n=8, each group). Morintreated HF-fed group showed lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (132.0+/-2.5 mmHg vs. 142.8+/-2.2 mmHg, p<0.05), lower serum insulin level (1.21+/-0.27 vs. 2.73+/-0.30 microIU/dl, p<0.05), and lower plasma triglycerides (47.8+/-5.0 vs. 65.5+/-5.0 mg/dl, p<0.05) than those of HF-fed group. Morin treatment also suppressed mRNA expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the thoracic aorta from HFinduced hypertensive rats. Moreover, decreased renal sodium excretion in HF-induced hypertensive rats was ameliorated by morin treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that morin has an anti-hypertensive effect in HF-induced hypertensive rats. This effect of morin may be associated with the suppression of serum insulin and plasma triglyceride level, with the downregulation of ET-1 in the thoracic aorta, and with the partial amelioration of renal dysfunctions in HFinduced hypertensive rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Jun;35(6):981-6. Epub 2007 Feb 26. Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) exhibits potent inhibitory actions on urate transport by the human urate anion transporter (hURAT1) expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Yu Z, Fong WP, Cheng CH. Source: Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. Abstract In allopurinol-allergic patients, uricosuric agents are often used in the treatment of hyperuricemia. The existing uricosuric agents are not without problems and the availability of better and safer alternatives is highly desirable. Our previous study (J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2006) 316:169-175) has demonstrated that morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), which occurs in the twigs of Morus alba L. documented in traditional Chinese medicinal literature for treatment of conditions akin to gout, is a potent inhibitor of urate uptake in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles. It is also effective in lowering uric acid level in a hyperuricemic rat model in vivo. Whether morin is an equally effective uricosuric agent in human requires verification. The human urate anion transporter (hURAT1) has recently been cloned and identified to be the organic anion transporter that mediates renal urate reabsorption in the human kidney. In the present investigation, human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with hURAT1 and the expression was validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and subcellular distribution of the exogenously introduced transporter by confocal microscopy. The inhibitory actions of morin on human renal urate reabsorption were demonstrated using this system. The IC50 value of the inhibition by morin was determined to be 2.0 microM, compared with 50 microM for probenecid, 100 microM for sulfinpyrazone, and 0.3 microM for benzbromarone. Kinetic analysis of the uptake inhibition by morin indicates that this compound is a competitive inhibitor of urate uptake on the human urate transporter with a K(i) value of 5.74 microM. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jan;316(1):169-75. Epub 2005 Sep 16. The dual actions of morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) as a hypouricemic agent: uricosuric effect and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Yu Z, Fong WP, Cheng CH. Source : Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. Abstract Hyperuricemia is associated with a number of pathological conditions such as gout. Lowering of elevated uric acid level in the blood could be achieved by xanthine oxidase inhibitors and inhibitors of renal urate reabsorption. Some natural compounds isolated from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine have been previously demonstrated to possess xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. In the present investigation, morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), which occurs in the twigs of Morus alba L. documented in traditional Chinese medicinal literature to treat conditions akin to gout, was demonstrated to exert potent inhibitory action on urate uptake in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles, indicating that this compound acts on the kidney to inhibit urate reabsorption. Lineweaver-Burk transformation of the inhibition kinetics data demonstrated that the inhibition of urate uptake was of a competitive type, with a K(i) value of 17.4 microM. In addition, morin was also demonstrated to be an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the enzyme kinetics indicated that the mode of inhibition was of a mixed type, with K(i) and K(ies) values being 7.9 and 35.1 microM, respectively. Using an oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rat model, morin was indeed shown to exhibit an in vivo uricosuric action, which could explain, in part at least, the observed hypouricemic effect of morin in these rats. The potential application of this compound in the treatment of conditions associated with hyperuricemia was discussed. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Aug;30(8):1551-6. Hypouricemic action of selected flavonoids in mice: structure-activity relationships. Mo SF, Zhou F, Lv YZ, Hu QH, Zhang DM, Kong LD. Source : State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China.. Abstract Hyperuricemia and gout appear to be rapidly increasing worldwide and frequently cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Dietary flavonoids have their potential beneficial effects on human health. In the present study, 15 flavonoids (quercetin, morin, myricetin, kaempferol, icariin, apigenin, luteolin, baicalin, silibinin, naringenin, formonoetin, genistein, puerarin, daidzin and naringin dihydrochalcone) were selected to investigate for their hypouricemic action in mice. Oral administration of quercetin, morin, myricetin, kaempferol, apigenin and puerarin at 50 and 100 mg/kg for 3 d was able to elicit hypouricemic actions in hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate. Luteolin, formonoetin and naringenin showed the significant effects only at 100 mg/kg. Quercetin, puerarin, myricetin, morin and kaempferol significantly reduced liver uric acid level in hyperuricemic animals. In addition, quercetin, morin, myricetin, kaempferol and puerarin exhibited significant inhibition on the liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities. It seems to be likely that these flavonoids reduce serum urate levels by mainly inhibiting XOD activity. However, the hypouricemic effect of apigenin observed seemed not to parallel with the changes in liver uric acid level and liver XOD activity, implying that apigenin might act via other mechanisms apart from inhibiting enzyme activity simply. Analysis of the chemical structure showed that a planar structure with the hydroxyl groups played a crucial role in hypouricemic activity of flavonoids. The exact mechanism of the hypouricemic action of flavonoids in vivo should be investigated in the future.


Psychologists were found to amend the way they used the WISC-III, by either regularly missing out subtests or not following the standardised manual instructions. The majority felt these changes would impact on the test scores of the individual child.


Six Legionella strains were characterized with the BIOLOGTM identification system. A specific metabolic pattern for the six Legionella strains was observed after 24 h. Several positive reactions were detected intermittently in all six strains tested. The possible application of the BIOLOG system for identification of Legionella spp. from environmental or clinical samples is discussed.


Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is one of the restorative material which used in dentistry. GIC is brittle, porous, high surface tension among particles,
adhesion betwen the components is weak, dissolve in water or saliva, so that the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements are relatively less well. Herbal or
non-alcoholic mouthwash is often used by public to protect oral mucous. Mouthwash has low pH (acid). Acid affect solubility of glass ionomer cement that caused by
hydrogen. One way to improve the mechanical properties of the glass ionomer cement is with the addition of chitosan on glass ionomer cement. The addition chitosan to liquid of glass ionomer cement can make hydrogen bond between amina
group (acetamida) and hidroksil group from chitosan with carboxilate group and hidroksil group from poliacrilate acids (glass ionomer cement). Purpose: To know solubility of chitosan modified glass ionomer cement as result of contact with non alcoholic mouthwash. Method: Twenty eight sample of GIC were divided into treatment group(0,26% chitosan additon) and control group (without chitosan
addition). Samples were immersed for 7 day by non alcoholic mouthwash and saliva. All solutions were changed each 24 hours before the new immersion period. The data
was analized by using Kruskall-Wallis and Tukey's HSD. Result: There were a significant differences (p<0,05) in the solubiliy of GIC's sampel without and with the
addition of chitosan 0,26% when immersed in the mouthwash and saliva. Conclusion: The addition of 0,26% chitosan can decrease solubility of GIC when contanct with non alcoholic mouthwash.


The draft federal budget for 2013 needs to reconcile a substantial move towards fiscal consolidation with a reinforcement of spending in areas crucial for long-term growth of income and employment. The government debt ratio is expected to peak at 75.4 percent of GDP in 2013 and decline subsequently to below 71 percent by 2016. The government deficit (Maastricht definition) is to be brought below 3 percent of GDP in 2013 in compliance with the recommendation of the Excessive Deficit Procedure for Austria. Public support measures to banks in distress have so far boosted the deficit by a total € 4 billion; an additional € 800 million are provided for in the budget for 2013.


Accurate prediction of airborne noise transmiasion through the fuselage requires a detailed knowledge of the magnitude and phase variation of the incident and scattered acoustic pressure fields, and a method of predicting the coupled structural-acoustic response of the fuselage (and its interior) excited by the above prwure fields. This paper presents a numerical method for predicting the above effects. The scattering effects are predicted by a combination of several numerical methods such as finite elementa,integral equations and fast Fourier transforms. The coupled structural-acoustic response of the fuselage is predicted by the Gnite element method. For initial demonstration purposes, the predicted results are compared in this paper with analytic aolutions for the problem of scattering of noise from a line source by an in6nitely long thin cylinder, and transmission into its interior. Excellent agreement between numerical and analytical results suggests that by using these computational tools, it should be possible to predict the structural response and transmitted noise at frequencies comparable to the first blade passage frequency in an advanced propeller driven aircraft, M long M the incident pressure field trom the propeller can be accurately quantified, and M long M an adequate number of nodes are used to model the coupled structural-acoustic system. The eventual goal of this project is to develop computational tools for predicting scattering and transmission of noise from a propeller into a fuaelage, including the various difFraction and boundary layer refraction effects that are present in a commercial aircraft flying at a traamnic speed.


ABSTRACT Generally, the design wind loads for the cantilevered roof of stadiums have been determined with the pressure and/or force coefficients for partially enclosed buildings. However there are cases when the slits are installed between the roof and the stands of stadiums to improve the thermal environment in the stands or the cultivation of natural turf in the field. Although the pressure and force coefficients in consideration with the slits are required in these cases, few studies are available on these coefficients. This paper presents the force coefficients corresponding to the size of slits and pitch of a roof above stand. These coefficients are evaluated by wind tunnel tests and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) that has become available technique to evaluate the wind loads for tall buildings. By comparing the numerical analytic results with the experimental results, the availability of LES to evaluate wind loads on large roofs is examined. And also coherent structures on the pressure field obtained by LES is considered by using the complex Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)


The modern aerial remote sensing system,based on airborne POS and photography system,is used to obtain direct georeferencing data,which is a research focus in aerial remote sensing field.Based on the domestic and international development and research,this paper analyzed theoretically the key technologies in the integration process of airborne remote sensing system including sensor placement,initial alignment,time synchronization and system Calibration and so on,designed integrated solutions balancing performance between the various sensors,location,relations and other issues,and took domestic POS integrated aerial photography system as an example.