to counteract the discrimination inflicted on students in white-taught private and public schools, was one of the greatest 'threat[s] to America's racial status quo', noting how white Catholics attempted to stifle their Black counterparts' work by protesting and closing down their schools (p. 68). Chapters Four through Six document Black American nuns' relationship with the civil rights movement and the birth of Black Power, as well as an exodus from religious life partially caused by Black women's exhaustion and frustration with the lack of support from the white-led American Church. These chapters showcase some of Williams' strongest work in 'recover[ing] the voices of a group of Black American churchwomen whose lives, labors, and struggles have been systematically ignored' (p. xvii). In covering over a century and dozens of nuns' stories, it would have been easy to pick a small number of the most influential to make 'main characters' of the book; there are certainly some standouts whom Williams follows closely. But her commitment to telling as many stories as possible presents the reader with an expansive sense of the diversity and fortitude of these women who were 'unashamedly Black, authentically Catholic, and above all uncommonly faithful to their church' even as they battled against the racism and sexism within it (p. 231). In the final chapter and conclusion, Williams examines the modern Black nun and her future – both in America and internationally. Williams is determined to make her narrative a hopeful one, and she succeeds, if not always in how her subjects' stories end but in the triumph of having uncovered those stories at all. Subversive habits is an extraordinarily comprehensive history of Black Catholic female religious life in America. It testifies to Williams' argument that the book is also a history of the American Catholic Church and of the country's struggle for racial justice – the actions of Black sisters are central to either narrative. Identifying the book as 'a work of historical recovery and correction', Williams recovers a history that has been systematically erased and forgotten even as she corrects those misconceptions about Black nuns that do exist (p. 15). She confronts the white supremacist history of the Catholic Church head-on, both as an institution and of its individual members, demolishing the narrative that white nuns led racial justice efforts and demonstrating to her readership – even those like myself, white and largely ignorant of Catholic American history – the importance of recognizing the women whose achievements she has documented. Famous for speaking out in the 1965 protest marches in Selma, activist Sister Mary Antona Ebo marched once again for the cause of racial justice in 2014, reminding journalists that they were not there to 'take a superficial picture . . . You are going to raise the rug up and look at what's under the rug' (p. 254). Williams, at least, has taken Ebo's words to heart; this book is not merely a snapshot of Black American nuns: it proves that they fundamentally altered the course, not only of Black or Catholic American history, but of American history as a whole.


The cold rolling workability and mechanical properties of two new alloys, designed and cast Al-5.5Mg-2.9Si and Al-7Mg-0.9Zn alloys, were investigated in detail. The two alloy sheets of 4 mm thickness, 30 mm width and 100 mm length were reduced to a thickness of 1 mm by multi-pass rolling at ambient temperature. The rolling workability was better for the Al-7Mg-0.9Zn alloy than for the Al-5.5Mg-2.9Si alloy; in case of the former alloy, edge cracks began to occur at 50% rolling reduction, and their number and length increased with rolling reduction; however, in the latter alloy, the sheets did not have any cracks even at higher rolling reduction. The mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation were also better in the Al-7Mg-0.9Zn alloy than in Al-5.5Mg-2.9Si alloy. Work hardening ability after cold rolling was also higher in the Al-7Mg- 0.9Zn alloy than in the Al-5.5Mg-2.9Si alloy. At the same time, the texture development was very similar for both alloys; typical rolling texture developed in both alloys. These differences in the two alloys can primarily be explained by the existence of precipitates of Mg2Si. It is concluded that the Al-7Mg-0.9Zn alloy is better than the Al-5.5Mg-2.9Si alloy in terms of mechanical properties.


[Purpose] Functional beverages are a protective or enhancing factor influencing not only public health but also athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to highlight the new conditioning beverage of the Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 (B240) with electrolytes or proteins, which strengthens immune functions to improve the quality of life. [Methods] ISeveral related studies systematically reviews three main issues associated with conditioning beverages: (a) utilization and availability of the functional beverage; (b) significance of B240 in immune strengthening; and (c) availability and application of conditioning drinks in the daily life and sports field. [Results] Intake of B240 led to greater enhancements, including blood T-helper, NK cell, IgA and IgG level in conjunction with strengthen immune func¬tions. These results speculated that the practical application of B240 contained beverages on physiological health and performance. [Conclusion] BODYMAINTÉ, this novel conditioning beverage is expected biological utility responsible for improved sports performance as a functional drink and has potential health-related implications.


A new design idea of MIMO beamforming antenna array for compact and thin handheld devices is investigated, where the beamforming function is used for transmitting and the MIMO function for receiving. The new design idea is illustrated by an antenna array consisting of eight printed planar inverted-F elements operating at GSM1900 (1880–1920 MHz) and LTE2300 (2300–2400 MHz). The 8element antenna array is printed on an FR4 substrate of dimensions 136mm × 68.8mm × 1 mm. By using the radiation pattern diversity, good isolations, envelope correlation coefficients and mean effective gains are achieved for MIMO receiving. To realize the beamforming function when the antenna is used for transmitting, an optimal feeding mechanism is introduced by the method of maximum power transmission efficiency, which is then implemented by a continuously adjustable feeding circuit board. With the optimized feeding mechanism, the gain of the antenna array in the desired direction can be significantly enhanced. The effects of the human body on the performance of antenna array are also examined, and the results indicate that the proposed design still exhibits good MIMO and beamforming performances in a practical scenario.


This article looks at the way language subtly shapes and constrains the way we perceive reality. It examines one term—parental involvement. This apparently simple and democratic term serves as a portfolio of meanings that separate and divide. It illustrates two of these meanings, which take the form of a conjoined metaphor of "full/empty," or "lacking/having." The article shows the way these two metaphors place parents in a binary of those who give and those who receive. Finally, it argues that such understandings are unconscious and persistent, making it imperative for urban educators to carefully examine the language they use if they are not to remain enmeshed in a discourse of deficit.


In 2005, Norway's largest national radio network held a first-of-its-kind dialect popularity contest as part of its highly rated summer morning show. Listeners called in to vote for their favorite Norwegian dialect, and after eight weeks of voting and elimination rounds the rural Valdres valley was crowned national dialect champion. Winning the dialect popularity contest has contributed to a renewed sense of pride in using the distinctive local variety, particularly among young people, despite long-term convergence toward an urban regional norm. Taking the dialect contest as a point of departure, this paper presents theoretical insights into 1) the role of mass media in the reproduction of historically contingent national language ideologies, 2) the local effects and varied uptakes of mass-mediated ideologies, particularly along generational lines, and 3) the role of sociolinguistic aesthetics in mediating potential language-ideological contradictions. [dialect, language ideologies, Norwegian, mass media]


In this paper, we introduce new classesB k (a, c, p, , ) and T k (a, c, p, , ) of multivalent analytic functions defined by using the Cho-Kwon-Srivastava operator. We use a strong convolution technique. Inclusion results, a radius problem and some other interesting properties of these classes are discussed.


Space division multiplexing, in conjunction with wavelength division multiplexing, is a powerful mechanism that increases spatial channels significantly in a single optical fiber. Spiral Phased-Laguerre-Gaussian (SP-LG) modes indicate that they effectively reduce mode coupling, thereby increasing the channel response and performance positively. However, mode-coupling influence optical fiber system leads to inter-symbol interference (ISI) between the channels and reduces both capacity and distance. In this paper, we apply the SP-LG modes in a space wavelength division multiplexing over a few-mode fiber system. The results demonstrate significant improvements in reducing channels effects and ISI. The performance evaluations are based on the bit-error-rate (BER), eye diagram and spectrum analyzer.


of "Sums of Fourier Coefficients of Modular Forms and the Gauss Circle Problem," by Alexander Walker, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2018. The Gauss circle problem is a classic problem in number theory that concerns estimates for the number of lattice points contained in a circle of large radius. This question originates with Gauss, who proved that the number of lattice points can be approximated by the area of the enclosing circle. Well-supported conjectures suggest that the error of this approximation is surprisingly small. In this thesis, we investigate the Gauss circle problem and several variants by means of Dirichlet series. We begin by studying the partial sums of Fourier coefficients of GL(2) cusp forms. These partial sums are conjectured to behave much like the error term in the Gauss circle problem, but are simpler in many analytic regards. We introduce Dirichlet series whose coefficients are the squares of the partial sums and prove that these series have meromorphic continuation to the entire complex plane. Much of this material has been introduced elsewhere, but this simplified analogy of the Gauss circle problem serves as an important foundation for later chapters. We then turn our attention to the Gauss circle problem itself. Specifically, we address the generalized Gauss circle problem, which concerns estimates for the number of lattice points in k-dimensional spheres. Techniques developed in the previous (cusp form) case are modified and applied to understand the meromorphic behavior of the Dirichlet series associated to the second moment of the error term in the k-dimensional Gauss circle problem. Integral transforms are then applied to prove sharp and smooth second moment results for the lattice point discrepancies. Our results are particularly interesting in dimension three, where we develop the first


Background:  During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide (Buscopan) or glucagon is used to inhibit duodenal motility. However, they may cause adverse effects. Peppermint oil has an antispasmodic effect and is used as a less hazardous antispasmodic during colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The purpose of the present paper was therefore to investigate peppermint as an antispasmodic for ERCP.


Objective - This research seeks to examine the purchase behaviour of environment-friendly automobiles. It also identifies the key factors affecting the purchase intention of green vehicles. The study adopted a quantitative approach, and primary data was analysed on Smart PLS3. The researcher utilised a non-probability sampling technique to select the most appropriate sample for this study. This type of sampling is also known as purposive sampling, deliberate sampling, and or judgement sampling. Independent variables of this study include environmental attitudes such as; environmental knowledge, environmental values and responsibility feeling. These variables were tested against purchase intention, which is regarded as a dependent construct of this study.
Finding – Based on the findings, all the proposed hypotheses of this study are proven significant. Environmental knowledge has a positive effect on environmental values. Environmental values have a significant effect on the formation of a responsibility feeling. Responsibility feeling has a significant effect on the purchase intention of green vehicles.
Novelty – Individuals who possess adequate knowledge about their environment are likely to develop environmental values, which then transforms into a responsibility feeling towards the environment and then predict the purchase intention of environment-friendly automobiles. Citizens should thus be equipped with adequate knowledge about environmental issues, through formal and informal education, and through socialization agencies and awareness campaigns, as this will help in boosting pro-environmental and sustainable human behaviours.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: O31, O32, O33.

Keywords: Environment-friendly automobiles; purchase intention; environmental knowledge; environmental values; responsibility feeling.

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mabaire, A.M; Guangquan, X.U; Moyo, N. (2021). Purchase Behaviour of Environment-Friendly Automobiles, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 9(1): 65 – 72. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2021.9.1(8)


Tides of the solid earth, air pressure, high of gravimeter, zero drift and underground water can affect the precision of relatively gravity measurement. This paper focuses on the research of the expressions of the correction for absolute gravity measurement, based on the accuracy degree of CGBN2000. Then, the dissertation mostly studies scale factors of LCR gravimeter and underground water.


One of the most complex passages in the Ethica Nicomachea deals with natural right. In the few lines dedicated by Aristotle to this issue he maintains a conception that seems to contradict the understanding of natural right focused on its perpetual nature. This paper will try to reconstruct the aristotelian argumentation in his ethics and in the Rhetoric in order to try to demonstrate that beyond an apparent contradiction it is possible to find a coherent and satisfactory thesis about natural right from what happens "for the most part" (hos epi to polu), which would turn understandable its variability.


Research background: 2020 will always remain a pandemic year in the world. A year that shook everyone including business. After the end of the emergency, many countries are planning business recovery measures. Many programs are planned for micro and small businesses. Due to the large number of micro-enterprises that the authors decided to conduct a study on the preparedness of micro and small enterprises for emergencies. About the areas in which small businesses operate, how and whether they are only able to operate in the domestic market or are ready for globalization. 65% of Latvian micro and small enterprises in surveys conducted by credit institutions showed that the impact of COVID19 on operations is noticeable and will be necessary for business recovery. At the same time, 47% of them confirmed that they plan to change their business model according to the new situation.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the research is to identify the interaction of the activity structure of Latvian micro and small enterprises with emergency situations. To analyze the operating environment and the intensity of its impact on business.
Methods: Quantitative research is based on official business data from several sources - Enterprise Register, Ministry of Economics, Re-Identifier of the Register of Enterprises Ltd. "Lursoft", Central Statistical Bureau. The study will review data on the last 5 years by analyzing data for 2013-2017. The following research methods have been used for the research: quantitative data research approach, analytical study comparing data for five years and graphical method - visualization and analysis of visual information.
Findings & Value added: As a result of the article, it is planned to group the directions of activities of micro and small enterprises based on the impact of the emergency situation on them. Thus, performing an analysis of the readiness of Latvian micro and small enterprises for emergency situations and the impact on operations.


Objective. No consensus has been reached on sexual dysfunction in men with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our study aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the sexual function and its clinical correlations in men with AS. Methods. A metaanalysis was performed and the related literature were searched in PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and in reference lists of articles and systematic reviews. Score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used as the outcome measurement, and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI were calculated. Results. Eleven studies were included, including 535 men with AS and 430 male controls. Each domain of the IIEF score (erectile function: SMD −0.52, 95% CI −0.68 – −0.37; orgasmic function: −0.72, −1.03 – −0.42; sexual drive: −0.40, −0.62 – −0.18; intercourse satisfaction: −0.86, −1.15 – −0.56; and overall satisfaction: −0.61, −0.91 – −0.32) were lower in men with AS than in controls. In the subgroup analysis, the results did not change except for the sexual drive in the Asians group (−0.15, −0.42–0.13). At metaregression, no study characteristics were significantly associated with effect size of the IIEF score. Conclusion. Sexual function is impaired in male patients with AS and further studies are necessary to better understand risk factors for sexual dysfunction in this population.


Three isolates of root-lesion nematodes, originally collected on coffee trees in Guatemala, were studied for their penetration dynamics on hypocotyledonar stages of C. arabica seedlings. Roots were stained with acid fuschine, 24, 48 and 96 hours after the inoculation of 300 nematodes/plant. Stained nematodes were directly counted in situ. Pathogenicity of each isolate was also studied on 3 months coffee seedlings. Nematode population densities in roots, stem height and fresh root and shoot weights were measured, 50, 100 and 150 days after the inoculation of 200 nematodes/plant. Penetration dynamics, reproductive fitness and amount of damages varied the same way among the three isolates. Negative correlations were observed between nematode numbers in roots 5 0 and 100 days after inoculation and fresh shoot and root weights 150 days after inoculation. These results suggested that pathogenicity of Pratylenchus spp. isolates on coffee is highly related to their reproductive fitness. According to another study, reproductive barriers were observed between the two isolates showing the lowest and highest degrees of pathogenicity, respectively, although they presented very similar morphological and biological characteristics (closely related to descriptions of P. coffeae sensu lato). Reproductive barriers were also observed between the two isolates with highest and intermediate degrees of pathogenicity, respectively. However, degree of reproductive isolation among these isolates must be specified. (Texte integral)


Many applications of medical image processing require co-aligning a set of sample images, followed by their subsequent averaging. In the cases when one of the data images can be designated as a reference, the problem of image co-alignment is trivially reduced to a number of separate image registration problems. Unfortunately, situations exist when all the data images are known to have been corrupted by arbitrary and generally unknown deformations, in which case registering the remaining images to any given one could produce undesirable post-registration errors. In this note, we propose a new solution to the problem of image co-alignment (aka image co-registration) aiming to minimize the cumulative distortion. The proposed method relies on a formal optimization framework, which allows one to incorporate arbitrary a priori information on the averaged image. Moreover, we also introduce a particularly efficient numerical scheme based on alternating direction method of multipliers. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in a series of both in silico and in vivo experiments.


Abstract Al2O3–ZrO2 composite powders with different molar proportions were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The powders obtained were calcined at 1200°C for 1˙5 h. The phase composition in the Al2O3–ZrO2 system was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that only a fraction of ZrO2 retains the tetragonal phase owing to the size effect when the Al2O3 content is lower than 40 mol-%. When the Al2O3 content is higher than 50 mol-%, metastable t-ZrO2 can be obtained owing to the restriction effect of Al2O3 on ZrO2, although its average crystallite size is larger than the critical size. Meanwhile, Al2O3 retains the α phase and the diffraction intensity of α-Al2O3 becomes weaker with the decrease in the Al2O3 molar content.


A tracheostomy cuff is used in patients to ensure no material enters the lower airway. To clinically determine whether a patient is ready for cuff‐deflation airway protective reflexes are tested, often while the cuff is actively distending the trachea. We hypothesized that tracheal distension alters normal sensory feedback and decreases airway protective reflex efficacy. In adult cats, a balloon was inflated at the 4th cartilaginous ring of the trachea, and electromyography (EMG) activities from the diaphragm, internal oblique, crycoarytenoid and mylohyoid muscles were recorded. Cough was stimulated by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea. Swallow was elicited by a water bolus to the oropharynx. The presence of the deflated balloon in the trachea greatly promoted the number of swallows (105±60%). Moderate tracheal distention decreased diaphragm (~20%) and internal oblique (~30%) EMG activity compared to baseline during cough, and partially recovered 10 minutes after distension was removed. Cough number decreased by 52±13% during tracheal distension. No significant effect on crycoarytenoid or mylohyoid (~4%) EMG activity during swallow was observed. However, large tracheal distensions induced depression in swallow EMG magnitude and number. These results indicate that tracheal distension in the physiological range alters sensory feedback that is important in the production of cough but not swallow, although the production of swallow can be negatively affected by distensions that increase the risk of mechanical or ischemic damage to tracheal tissue. Therefore, clinical assessments of cough when a tracheal cuff is or recently has been present may not represent a metric of normal function. Supported by HL 103425.


Target tracking has become an area of interest in recent years. Target tracking is able to widen the perspective and view of the static camera to track a target, providing basic artificial intelligence features for robots, and serve as the platform for surveillance purpose. A tracking system is limited to a monocular vision which limits much of the information that is available in an image compared to a binocular or stereo vision. Among the advantages of stereo vision is 3D modeling of scene and depth estimation. In this work, an initial development study and implementation of stereo vision tracking system was done. In developing the stereo vision tracking system, a tracking algorithm was developed together with a depth estimation method to take advantage of the images obtained from having images from two cameras. The depth estimation was found to be 80% accurate for objects at a distance of 15 cm to 65 cm from the cameras.


From the short-period variability survey (SPVS) in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of an open cluster M38 (NGC 1912) for 23 nights from February 1, 2007 to December 7, 2008. We found 18 Scuti stars and 2 Doradus stars. Among them, only 3 Scuti stars were known ones. From the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of M38, most of them have been located in the instability strip. The two Doradus stars have been located within Doradus strip of M38. But, only four Scuti stars were located within radius 10` from the center of M38. To confirm of their membership for M38, we need more study, such as, proper motion by spectroscopic observation.yꢌ?⨀਀ꢌ?⨀좌?⨀਀က좌?⨀䇰?⨀က?⨀਀?⨀梍?⨀Ȁက梍?⨀?⨀ᰀ?⨀悍?⨀؀က悍?⨀碍?⨀਀碍?⨀?⨀က?⨀袍?⨀袍?⨀?⨀؀က?⨀ࢎ?⨀਀ࢎ?⨀袎?⨀Ȁက袎?⨀ᢎ?⨀؀ᢎ?⨀肎?⨀؀က肎?⨀颎?⨀਀颎?⨀ᢏ?⨀Āကᢏ?⨀ꢎ?⨀؀ꢎ?⨀ႏ?⨀؀ကႏ?⨀⢏?⨀਀⢏?⨀䂏?⨀က䂏?⨀炏?⨀Ḁ炏?⨀㢐?⨀⤀㢐?⨀'?⨀'?⨀梏?⨀Ā梏?⨀悏?⨀Ȁ悏?⨀墏?⨀墏?⨀傏?⨀Ȁ傏?⨀耐�⨀Ā耐�⨀蠐�⨀Ā蠐�⨀逐�⨀Ȁ逐�⨀ᢑ?⨀Āᢑ?⨀⢑?⨀Ѐ⢑?⨀


At midnight on 5 July 1971 in Peking, the leader of the opposition, Gough Whitlam, began a two-hour meeting with China's premier, Zhou Enlai. This was the first direct meeting between a senior Australian political figure and the Chinese leadership since the Communist Party asserted its control over China in 1949.


Water is the key factor in sustaining human life. Water pollution may occur in various formssuch as catchment characteristics, anthropological activities, land use practices and industrialdischarges. Such polluting agents may affect physical, chemical and biological parameters ofsurface and ground water. The present study was focused to analyse the present status ofground water pollution in the Kelani river basin by means of physico-chemical andmicrobiological parameter using standard analytical and microbial methods. Pesticides weredetected using pesticide library in the GCMS. Thirty ground water samples from head,transitional and meandering zones were collected for a period of six months from November2012 to April 2013. pH values of most of the samples were deviated from the SLS drinkingwater standards and remained acidic during the study period (3.98-6.46). 80% of samplesrecorded high COD values (12.81-307.19 ppm) and also showed an increasing tendencytowards downstream of the river basin. High BOD values were detected in meandering zone(4.80-10.19 ppm) in comparison to the head and transitional zones. The conductivity, TDSand hardness values were ranged between 21.67-917.00 μs/cm, 13.37-596.05 ppm, 2.00-206.67 ppm respectively. Acceptable concentrations of phosphate and nitrate were detectedbetween 0.004-0.344 ppm and 0.01-1.394 ppm. Total coliform and feacal coliform countswere almost above 1,100 for 100ml. Samples from head and meandering zone of the riverbasin have shown more than 80% and 100% of total and feacal coliform contaminationsrespectively. Heavy metals such as Cd, Al, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu remains within the SLS standardsfor drinking water. During the rainy season in some sampling locations of the head andmeandering zone of the river basin, high Cd, Al and Zn were detected, though theconcentrations remain below the SLS drinking water standards. Some pesticides/derivativesnamely O,O-dimethyle S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate, 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil, O,O-dimethyl S-2-(1-methylcarbamoyl-ethylthio) ethyl phosphorothioate, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone were detected in somewells in the transitional zone indicating the effect of anthropological activities on groundwater pollution in the Kelani river basin. The study is in progress to identify and quantifypathogenic microbes contamination in the river basin.


Bio-oil obtained via the vacuum pyrolysis of softwood bark residues is a multiphase, viscous, unstable system composed of water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. Using centrifugation, the bio-oil can be separated into an upper layer (ca. 16 wt %) and a bottom layer (ca. 84 wt %). The upper layer exhibits low contents of water, solid, and ash, as well as a low density, a low acidity, a high content of methanol-insoluble materials, a high viscosity, and a high calorific value. The physicochemical properties of the bottom layer are similar to those of the whole bio-oil, except the bottom layer contains greater contents of ash and water. Microscopic analysis of the bio-oil has revealed a multiphase complex colloidal system that is composed of solid particles, three-dimensional structures, and droplets. The upper layer represents the dispersed droplet phase, which is rich in waxy materials (fatty and resin acids) and water-insoluble compounds. It is the upper layer that, overall, provides the unique collo...


The thesis adopts a post-colonial approach to examine the relationship between historical and contemporary visual representations of Jamaica and identifies the repeated visual associations made with blackness and servitude, and whiteness with luxury from the colonial period in Jamaica and the imperial context in Britain. The thesis addresses a range of tourist advertising images of Jamaica which are analysed in terms of their representations of race, gender, class and sexuality. The theoretical context of the thesis combines post-colonial theory with black feminist theory to make explicit the significance and relevance of conducting critical analysis of visual representations of Jamaica from a social, economic and politically marginal standpoint. Homi Bhabha's concept of ambivalence in colonial discourse, Foucault's approach to discourse analysis and Roland Barthes' semiotics were combined to establish the methodological framework of the thesis and to identify, historicise and deconstruct the repetition of familiar colonial relations constructed as privilege and servitude.The economic and social context, which led to the shift towards tourism in post-emancipation Jamaica, is discussed through the analysis of a selection of visual texts.


Any student is expected to know that correct prediction is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition any theory must meet to be acceptable. However, an eventual weakening of reflective and critical attitudes when dealing with "whats" and "whys" in science learning can easily lead to an identification of the predictive success of a given theoretical model, albeit useful as an intermediate state of reasoning, with the fundamental explanatory power of such a model. This is not always taken into proper consideration by teachers and textbooks. Examples from chemistry teaching are discussed in this paper.


Article History: Received 26.11.2014 Received in revised form 05.04.2015 Accepted 25.04.2015 Available online 01.06.2015 In the present study, the purpose is to develop of activity set developed based on inquiry-based learning approach on sixth graders' unit "Particulate Structure of Matter" in elementary school science and technology course and to elicit the students' opinions about the use of this activity set in class. The data collected through interviews with students revealed that the inquiry-based activities were found to be enjoyable and the lessons were joyful, and the students liked performing these activities, started to be more interested in lessons and learning became easier. © 2015 IOJES. All rights reserved


One can study the local topology of images of complex analytic maps and the restriction of such a map to a real subspace. Conditions are given for the topology of the image multiple point spaces of the complex and real maps to have the same homology or homotopy type.


This study addresses the underlying demographic correlates of interracial marriage as distinct among black women and men in a western [U.S.] location. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the structural correlates were nearly identical for men and women: the interracially married tended to be younger more likely to have been married before and more distant in age from their spouses....Furthermore persons born in the North...and in foreign countries were more likely to be married to nonblacks which seemingly indicates that moves away from communities of origin to environments that are relatively tolerant regarding race facilitate interracial marriage. Findings are interpreted as indicative of the strength of social control in mate selection. (EXCERPT)


Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of sixteen-slides spiral computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the assessment of coronary artery disease. Methods:Both sixteen-slide spiral CTA and conventional coronary angiography (CAG) were performed in 40 patients who were suspected of having coronary artery disease. Results: Among 76 main coronary artery lesions detected by CTA, 67 were confirmed by CAG. There were 75 mormal main coronary artery shown by both CTA and CAG. Therefore, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CTA were 84. 8%,89. 3% , 88. 2%,and 86. 2%, respectively. Conclusions:This study suggests that non-invasive coronary angiography with sixteen-slides spiral computed tomography may be used as a reliable diagnostic tool for coronary artery disease.


Three Croton species, C. zenhtneri, C. nepetaefolius and C. argyrophylloides, were collected at two different times, 6:00 and 13:00 h, their essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry. The percentage yield of oil constituents changes along the day. The oils were submitted to the antioxidant test thiobarbituric acid reactive species, using BHT and a-tocoferol as the reference compounds. All oils exhibited good antioxidant activities. In general, C. zenhtneri and C. argyrophylloides essential oils showed higher antioxidant activity than C. nepetaefolius.


Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive trait. Only niales are affected, but inheritance is through the female line. A small percentage of female carriers have some clinical manifestations of the disease.""" DMD is a severe, crippling, lethal disease, which imposes a major social and psychological burden 011 the affected individual and his family. Genetic counseling plays a major role in DMD; its aim should be to avoid the birth of affected males, while allowing the birth of normal individuals. Two papers in the current issue of Muscle 8c Nerve, one from Toront.04" (pp 329-339) and the other from Cincinnati46 (pp 390-393) add important information on the use of creatine kinase (CK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) in genetic counseling in DMD.


We consider nonlinear stochastic differential systems defined either on a compact orientable manifold or on $\mathbb{R}^d $; under our hypotheses, their Lyapunov exponents are deterministic. We propose an efficient algorithm of numerical computation of these exponents, and we give a theoretical estimate for the approximation error.The method is based upon the discretization of the linearized stochastic flows of diffeomorphisms generated by the differential systems.Results of numerical experiments are also presented.


Based on the problems of emulsion pump station which is commonly used in coal mines, variable frequency automatic system paper is adopted. The makes-up of the control system, the normal operating state and at fault is introduced. Based on the results, can learn that it is effective for energy saving, reduction of costs and decrease of fault rate.


Financial crises have become relatively frequent events since the beginning of the 1980s. They have taken three main forms: currency crises, banking crises, or both - so called twin crises. As the number of developed economies, developing countries, and economies in transition experienced severe financial crashes researchers are trying to propose a framework for systemic analyses. That is why attempts to advance the understanding of features leading to the outbreak of financial crisis as well as the reasons of vulnerability have become more and more important. In recent years a number of efforts have been undertaken to identify variables that act as early warning signals for crises. The purpose of this paper is to provide some perspective on the issue of early warning signals of vulnerability to currency crises. In particular, it is aimed at presenting and highlighting the main findings of theoretical literature in this area. An effective warning system should consider a broad variety of indicators, as currency crises seem to be usually associated with multiple economic and sometimes political problems. Indicators that have proven to be particularly useful in anticipating crises and received empirical support include the development of international reserves, real exchange rate, domestic credit, credit to the public sector, domestic inflation, and structure and financing of public debt. Other indicators that have found support are trade balance, export performance, money growth, M2/international reserves ratio, foreign interest rates, real GDP growth, and fiscal deficit. Many of the proposed leading indicators have been able to predict particular crises, however, only few have showed ability to do so consistently. Generally, economic models can be said to be more successful in predicting crises that erupt because of weak fundamentals, which make country vulnerable to adverse shocks. They are less likely in anticipating crises due to selffulfilling expectations or pure contagion effects. So far economists are only able to identify situations in which an economy could face the risk of a financial crisis. This is most because of the well-known fact that if we knew the crisis would have already occurred. Warning indicators seem to be unlikely to predict crises in precise way but their analyses can provide extended information about impending problems what enables to take preventive measures.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model for examining the unique factors contributing to the gendered inequality of post‐secondary educational participation in Nepal.Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual/theoretical paper aims to apply and potentially critique the dynamic model of educational inequality offered by Lynch and O'Riordan to the context of Nepalese post‐secondary educational inequality. The authors hope to use the current model, developed through an exploration of data from a developed country, to further understanding of the forces maintaining educational inequality in the developing world.Findings – The constraints from Lynch and O'Riordan's model are all important forces that impact educational persistence for girls and women in Nepal. However in order to fully examine the complexity of barriers imposed on girls in persisting through the Nepali educational system, the case has been made to add both geographic and political facilitators/constraints to the...


High needs for light material with good mechanical characteristics made magnesium and its alloys as an alternative choice because of magnesium's low density, 1.74 gr/cm3. However, its use is limited by its low strength and ductility. In this experiment, a fabrication process of the composite which is Mg-Al-5TiB as Matrix with the addition of Nano Al2O3 as a reinforced with volume fraction varied from 0.10 Vf-% to 0.25 Vf-% by stir casting method. The composites then were characterized by both microstructure and mechanical properties. The microstructure was analyzed by an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope link to energy-dispersive spectra to analyze the phases present in composites and confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction. The XRD shows some phases such as Mg, MgO, MgAl2O4, and B2O3. The optimum mechanical properties of composites were obtained at the addition of 0.2 Vf-% Al2O3, where the tensile strength, elongation, wear rate and impact strength were 46.1 MPa, 14%, 0.3x10-5 mm3/s, and 0.06 J/mm2. The hardness of composites was value, 40.1 HRH. The porosity maximum was found at the addition of 0.25 Vf-% with the value of 9.37% caused by nano Al2O3 particle forming clustering (porosity is related to clustered particles) and inhibiting liquid metal moving rate. The addition of grain refiner makes solidification went faster and refined the grains.


Biodiesel is here considered as an alternative fuel in Bulgaria in order to benefit from environmental aspects and contribution to final energy demand. An analytical tool is developed to consider different scenarios in biodiesel production. This study provides a regional framework in terms of techno-economic parameters to deeply understand the agricultural, technical, and economic aspects of biodiesel supply chain of Bulgaria including resources, production, distribution, and consumer. The study further assesses the potential of biodiesel production in different geographical regions of Bulgaria. It reveals the contribution of current potential resources to make the future biodiesel demand.


G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is able to phosphorylate a variety of agonist-occupied G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and plays an important role in GPCR modulation. However, recent studies suggest additional cellular functions for GRK2. Phosducin and phosducin-like protein (PhLP) are cytosolic proteins that bind Gβγ subunits and act as regulators of G-protein signaling. In this report, we identify phosducin and PhLP as novel GRK2 substrates. The phosphorylation of purified phosducin and PhLP by recombinant GRK2 proceeds rapidly and stoichiometrically (0.82 ± 0.1 and 0.83 ± 0.09 mol of Pi/mol of protein, respectively). The phosphorylation reactions exhibit apparent K m values in the range of 40–100 nm, strongly suggesting that both proteins could be endogenous targets for GRK2 activity. Our data show that the site of phosducin phosphorylation by GRK2 is different and independent from that previously reported for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Analysis of GRK2 phosphorylation of a variety of deletion mutants of phosducin and PhLP indicates that the critical region for GRK2 phosphorylation is localized in the C-terminal domain of both phosducin and PhLP (between residues 204 and 245 and 195 and 218, respectively). This region is important for the interaction of these proteins with Gβγ subunits. Phosphorylation of phosducin by GRK2 markedly reduces its Gβγ binding ability, suggesting that GRK2 may modulate the activity of the phosducin protein family by disrupting this interaction. The identification of phosducin and PhLP as new substrates for GRK2 further expands the cellular roles of this kinase and suggests new mechanisms for modulating GPCR signal transduction.


ABSTRACT In this introductory essay, the editors consider the current challenges in understanding a networked China. We consider how the digital media landscape has changed just since an earlier collection of research in 2015, subtitled 'global dynamics of digital media and civic engagement.' We take up this orienting concept of civic engagement to explore emerging mediated spaces for cultural production through global connectivities. Beyond an area studies contribution, we focus on China more broadly as a complex global assemblage: an intersection of technology, norms, and socio-cultural structures. Our contributors were invited to consider 'what' and 'where' is China, and 'how do we know China?' Along with logistical challenges of fieldwork involving constraints of geopolitics and pandemic, we encouraged an epistemic reflexivity around reliance on certain paradigms, concepts and kinds of data. This research is further complicated by sensitivities around by the very vocabulary often involved, including public, civil society, and civic engagement itself. In the search for digital China, contributors consider how to think about China and how to locate a digital China. In exploring digital production and performance of and in China, we include analyses of fandom, idols, and the curation of collective pandemic memories. Together, this collection provides a rich set of deeply researched cases and imaginative new strategies to understand how the contradictions of digital China – between connectivity and control – are playing out, with important implications for the changing nature of public life.


A micro sensor integrated on a micro-thermal device for bioexperiments requires affordable, rapid and accurate thermal calibration. However, there has been no way to make thermal 10 calibration directly under the microscope. This was the limitations in making numbers of bioexperiments with micro thermal devices. We present in this paper an inexpensive, fast and accurate way to realise such thermal calibration directly under the microscope. We used a thermotropic liquid crystal: the 15 4-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl ( 8CB ) in order to reach the 313 K isothermal phase change on the device. Coupled with FEA simulations, we proved that this method enables us to make easy and accurate thermal calibration of micro-thermal device for biological application. 20 Rapid switching and of the temperature in a liquid are paramount real time observation of activities of biomolecules such as protein folding-unfolding or enzymatic reactions. 1, This rapid switching must be achieved under the Controlling the temperature of small liquid volume is 25 the most promissing the small heat energy required for the temperature control, fast response speed 3 and avoids the defocusing problem in conventional 1 . There are several to such as heating a small 30 liquid volume with a


Recognition of the fungal cell wall carbohydrate β‐glucan by the host receptor Dectin‐1 elicits broad immunomodulatory responses, such as phagocytosis and activation of oxidative burst. These responses are essential for engulfing and killing fungal pathogens. Phagocytic monocytes are key mediators of these early host inflammatory responses to infection. Remarkably, whether phagocytosis of fungal β‐glucan leads to an inflammatory response in human monocytes remains to be established. Here, we show that phagocytosis of heat‐killed Candida albicans is essential to trigger inflammation and cytokine release. By contrast, inhibition of actin‐dependent phagocytosis of particulate (1‐3,1‐6)‐β‐glucan induces a strong inflammatory signature. Sustained monocyte activation, induced by fungal β‐glucan particles upon actin cytoskeleton disruption, relies on Dectin‐1 and results in the classical caspase‐1 inflammasome formation through NLRP3, generation of an oxidative burst, NF‐κB activation, and increased inflammatory cytokine release. PI3K and NADPH oxidase were crucial for both cytokine secretion and ROS generation, whereas Syk signaling mediated only cytokine production. Our results highlight the mechanism by which phagocytosis tightly controls the activation of phagocytes by fungal pathogens and strongly suggest that actin cytoskeleton dynamics are an essential determinant of the host's susceptibility or resistance to invasive fungal infections.


This paper proposes a SF coding scheme that can achieve rate-Mt pcu in MIMO-multiband UWB system. This code is constructed based on the principle of unitary matrix precoder so that information symbols are spread across adjacent subcarriers, allowing effective exploitation of frequency diversity. By using maximum likelihood decoder, the performance of this SF code for two transmit antennas over the IEEE 802.15.SG3a channel models is shown to outperform well known repetition codes and full rate SF codes, which guarantee full diversity. In addition, we devise a random interleaving to incorporate into the proposed code and the simulation results show that further gains can be achieved depending on the level of SNR. All SF codes examined appear to perform well under extreme NLOS multipath channel as compared to LOS lower delay spread channel


A trilobite pygidium, likely referable to the genus Bonnima, is the first evidence of a member of the Corynexochida reported from the Lower Cambrian (Dyeran Stage) Chambless Limestone of the southern Marble Mountains in the Mojave Desert of California. This specimen represents the first occurrence of the family Dorypygidae in the cratonic facies of the Lower Cambrian in the California-western Nevada region, as all of the few previous reports of the family (mostly Bonnia) have been from much thicker, more distal open-shelf deposits far to the northwest in the White-Inyo—Esmeralda County region of California and Nevada. Although still relatively rare, the occurrence of Dorypygidae across a range of environments biofacies realms in this area is typical of their distribution in other regions.


7036Background: The CPX-351 liposomal formulation delivers a synergistic 5:1 molar ratio of cytarabine (C) and daunorubicin (D) preferentially to leukemia cells. CPX-351 has demonstrated significan...


Actinodaphne shendurunii Robi & Udayan a new species of Actinodaphne Nees from Kollam district in Kerala, India is described and illustrated. The new species resembles Actinodaphne pruinosa Nees by slender branchlets, narrow, long acuminate leaves; but differs from it in the undulate margined, glossy leaves,


Uruguayan agriculture has undergone dramatic changes in the last 50 years driven by the adoption of new agricultural production systems that incorporate zero tillage and herbicide resistant crops. This has resulted in a shift in weed species frequencies and the dispersion of introduced
 herbicide resistant weed populations. Finally, integrated weed management tools are being developed by research and extension services to manage herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds better and to reduce environmental impact of herbicides.


A method was proposed for fast determination of major component chromium in ferrochromium by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES).Sodium carbonate and sodium peroxide were used to melt the chromium iron sample in zirconium crucible and sulfide acid was used for leaching the melt.According to the various chromium lines collected,some stable lines of them were used as analysis line.The ICP-OES determination of major component chromium in ferrochromium was effectively solved by drift correction and standard material correction technology.The certified standard materials including high carbon ferrochromium,low carbon ferrochromium,micro carbon ferrochromium and carbon ferrochromium were analyzed.The difference between the testing value and the certified value was less than 0.3% and the RSD(n=7) was 0.13%-0.43%.


Since April 2000, when the Long Term Care Insurance System was initiated, the number of people in Japan who were certifi ed as requiring long-term care increased by 88% over fi ve years, from 2,180,000 to 4,110,000 by the end of April 2005. In particular, the number of people requiring some minimum kind of long-term care or support (termed 'Support Required' in the former care category, and 'Care Level 1' in the revised category) increased by 138% to occupy half of those certifi ed as requiring long-term care (Report on Long-term Care Insurance Service Condition). The underlying health problems of individuals requiring this kind of minimum long-term care or support varies in each case, but the condition of "disuse syndrome", in which vital functions gradually weaken, is frequently seen or the risk of this syndrome is great in many cases. It has been suggested that early preventive treatment and rehabilitation are extremely important for the maintenance and improvement of vital functions. As a result the revision of the Long-term Care Insurance Law in 2006 announced a conversion to a prevention-oriented system. Various programs have been provided to promote preventive treatment. These include locomotory function improvement programs such as muscle strength improvement exercises and fall prevention practice. Their purpose is to improve individuals' psychosomatic condition and to counter the aggravation of people who require some long-term care (those people, in Support Required and Care Level 1 in the former care category or Support Required 1 and 2, and Care Level 1 in the revised category). According to the Law for Long Term Care Insurance, "Care Required" means "a condition in which continuing full-time nursing care is apparently required for basic activities of daily living including bathing, excretion and dining because of physical or mental disorder during a certain period determined by the ordinance of Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and which corresponds to the category of Care Required levels established by the ministerial Strength and Thickness of Knee Extensor Muscles in Frail Elderly People at Different Levels of Certifi ed Care Need


Redistribution of acid‐base transporters is a crucial regulatory mechanism for many types of cells to cope with extracellular pH changes. In epithelial cells, however, translocation of acid‐base transporters ultimately leads to changes in vectorial transport of H+ and HCO  3− . We have previously shown that the bicarbonate‐secreting epithelium of salivary ducts responds to changes of systemic acid‐base balance by adaptive redistribution of H+ and HCO  3− transporters, thereby influencing the ionic composition and buffering capacity of saliva. However, the specific proteins involved in regulated vesicular traffic of acid‐base transporters are largely unknown. In the present study we have investigated the impact of Rab11 family members on the acidosis‐induced trafficking of the vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) in salivary duct cells in vitro using the human submandibular cell line of ductal origin HSG as an experimental model. The results show that Rab11b is expressed in salivary ducts and exhibits a significantly higher co‐localization with V‐ATPase than Rab11a and Rab25. We also show that Rab11 but not Rab25 interacts with the ε subunit of V‐ATPase. Extracellular acidosis up‐regulates Rab11b expression and protein abundance in HSG cells and causes translocation of the V‐ATPase from intracellular pools toward the plasma membrane. Loss‐of‐function experiments using specific siRNA either against Rab11b or against its effector Rip11 prevent acidosis‐induced V‐ATPase translocation. These data introduce Rab11b as a crucial regulator and Rip11 as mediator of acidosis‐induced V‐ATPase traffic in duct cells of submandibular gland. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 638–651, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The winner determination problem in combinatorial auctions is the problem of determining the allocation of the items among the bidders that maximizes the sum of the accepted bid prices. While this problem is in general NP-hard, it is known to be feasible in polynomial time on those instances whose associated item graphs have bounded treewidth (called structured item graphs). Formally, an item graph is a graph whose nodes are in one-to-one correspondence with items, and edges are such that for any bid, the items occurring in it induce a connected subgraph. Note that many item graphs might be associated with a given combinatorial auction, depending on the edges selected for guaranteeing the connectedness. In fact, the tractability of determining whether a structured item graph of a fixed treewidth exists (and if so, computing one) was left as a crucial open problem.In this paper, we solve this problem by proving that the existence of a structured item graph is computationally intractable, even for treewidth 3. Motivated by this bad news, we investigate different kinds of structural requirements that can be used to isolate tractable classes of combinatorial auctions. We show that the notion of hypertree decomposition, a recently introduced measure of hypergraph cyclicity, turns out to be most useful here. Indeed, we show that the winner determination problem is solvable in polynomial time on instances whose bidder interactions can be represented with (dual) hypergraphs having bounded hypertree width. Even more surprisingly, we show that the class of tractable instances identified by means of our approach properly contains the class of instances having a structured item graph.


Purpose To describe the tearing pattern during continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in a patient with anterior lenticonus due to Alport syndrome. Methods A patient with bilateral anterior lenticonus underwent successful bilateral phacoemulsification and implantation of a single-piece intraocular lens. Results The capsule tore in an atypical cogwheel-like tearing pattern during capsulorhexis. This tearing pattern likely correlates to the known ultrastructural characteristics of thinning and periodic dehiscence and breaks in the anterior capsule. Conclusions Knowing this tearing pattern preoperatively can help to prevent capsule runoff and capsule rupture.


For the work of listening can be understood as a collaboration with the musical work itself, and in this sense for Adorno listening, as will be discussed below, is an activity of co-composing or reconstituting the music. Certainly Adorno's dialectical philosophical approach is at great variance with the 'empirical musicology'2 through which contemporary music studies explores these topics, but its contemporary relevance is all the greater in that it puts Adorno's contributions in the larger context of critical social theory and its commitment to sustaining the human capacity for a vision of emancipation. It is not my intention here to enter into a detailed consideration of the relationship between Adorno's perspective and the work of contemporary musicologists and music theorists. Rather, my aim is to elaborate Adorno's conception of the work of listening in some detail, in the context of his thinking about what he calls ›the new music‹ and its place in the history of Western art music.


Objective:To study the relation between MMP-2 and the disc degeneration.Methods:(1) The collar dish specimen: surgical treatment collar dish outstanding for sick patients in 12 cases,to take collar plate 20 specimens,In hospital and surgical treatment period or cervical spine fracture dislocation in 5 cases,patients take collar dish 10 specimens.(2)Discs specimen: 46 cases of surgical treatment of intervertebral discs dish of specimen with 46.SDS-PAGE determination of the Chinese MMP disc tissue,and the content of 2-LUZEX-F image analyzer in depth will electrophoresis into gray value to say MMP-2 levels.Results:(1) The cervical vertebra illness and control groups of 2-MMP between plate,content is between 2-MMP plate was obviously higher than control group.(2)In the degenerative outstanding waist dish has MMP-2,and along with the disk degeneration degree between MMP-2 plate,the content of gradually.Conclusions:human degeneration of the collar MMP-2 levels chart is not the collar disk degeneration significantly higher,Human degeneration ofMMP-2 waist dish containing disk degeneration,and MMP-2 significantly related content;in the disc degenerative change may play an important role.


An investigation of water uptake behavior of a novel poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid‐co‐N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide) hydrogel system was carried out with two major objectives. First, the study was initiated to understand the effect of various synthesis conditions, i.e., reaction temperature, initiator content, crosslinker content and pH,on the water absorbency of resulting hydrogels. The second reason was to evaluate these hydrogels after reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to convert the CΞN (nitrile) groups to ‐C˭N‐OH (amidoxime) groups. The optimum amidoximation conditions was determined. The structure of the hydrogels, before and after amidoximation, was analyzed with FTIR and thermal methods. The optimum synthesis temperature, initiator concentration and crosslinker content were found to be 55°C, 1.5 (wt.%) and 1.5 (wt.%), respectively. The equilibrium water uptake increases with an increase in initiator (K2S2O8) concentration and crosslinker (BAAm) content up to 1.5% and then it begins to decrease with a further increase in K2S2O8 and BAAm content. The gel undergoes a drastic volume change in the pH range 5, thus indicating the dissociation of NH groups of acrylamidoxime. The pH increased at 7, and this pH shift may be attributed not only to the acidic region, but also the basic region. A drastic volume change is also observed at pH:10, which may be due to the dissociation of the AMPS SO3H groups. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel sample in sea water, tap water and distilled water are collected. According to the results, the maximum swelling ratio was observed in the distilled water. Finally, the nitrile groups can be easly converted into amidoxime groups via treatment with a solution of hydroxylamine. The swelling behavior of hydrogels are in good agreement, before and after amidoximation.


Purpose: The purpose of this article is to add to the emerging body of conceptual histories of management by undertaking a reading of three leading Finnish textbooks from the 1950s. Design: Management concepts are analysed through the linguistic dynamics of a set of historically situated Finnish textbooks. The semantic dimension of analysis is concerned with the conceptual structures behind particular linguistic constructions. The pragmatic dimension, on the other hand, is attuned to the speech act aspects of conceptual formations. Findings: The analysis shows that the current concept used for "management" in Finnish does not feature as the key word in the 1950s textbook articulations. Instead, concepts such as "business caretaking", "administration", "arranging" or "education" are employed to signify the reality of organizational and managerial structures and processes. Furthermore, the texts strove to legitimize management mainly in terms of the moral character of managers and the management process. Research implications: Conceptual histories of linguistically non-English contexts offer interesting contrasts to the dominant Anglo-American discourses of management and related phenomena. More empirical studies of conceptual history of management are needed. Originality: This article adds to the limited body of empirical investigations of conceptual history of management, organization and related issues.


Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most frequent and the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. About 240,000 brain tumor new cases were diagnosed over the worldwide; the majority are GBMs with an incidence of 3–4 per 100 000 persons per year [2]. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor [3]. Despite the progress of new treatments, the risk of recurrence, morbidity, and death remains significant. Hence, the dark prognosis of these diseases, especially for GBM, is primarily due to the recurrence of tumor, which can be resistant to conventional treatments closely linked to the existence of very immature and undifferentiated cells, as cancer stem-like cells (CSC) [3]. Conventional markers for normal stem cells as CD133, CD44, OCT-4, SOX2, pSTAT3 and NANOG are currently used and combined to have clues of CSC occurrence. However, CSCs subpopulation are very rare in tumors and their isolation often requires enriching them in specific culture medium followed with functional test to established with certainty the diagnosis. Such strategy is really time consuming and makes the results longer. Consequently, alternatives cell analysis methods are required to get around this issue in order to efficiently discriminate and identify undifferentiated cancer cell populations from the whole heterogeneity that occurs in the tumor biopsies. Accepted presentation during the BIOEM 2020 conference: Oxford June 2020 High frequency dielectrophoresis might be one of them. Hence, this study discusses about the significant correlation between dielectrophoresis signatures in the UHF frequency domain we have established related to own CSC biological specificities [4-5]. Especially, we will discuss about how relevant the UHF signatures vs the conventionally measured ones in the kHz range are. Such new physical marker can be used to isolate CSC from others cells and applied to characterize various patient tumors. Original lab on chip concepts to exploit such physical properties will be also introduced.


It presents an analysis of the program "Com a palavra, o usuario", aiming to understand frequent user's perceptions about their research processes. It was verified that researchers improve the clearness of their questions throughout the course of their exploration of the documents and it concludes that the use of qualitative technique is indicative of user-oriented studies by Arquivo Nacional.
Keywords: users; qualitative technique; Arquivo Nacional.


Objective:To study the expression and role of hypoxia-induced factor-1α(HIF-1α)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).Methods:The expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were detected in 11 cases of normal cervical squamous epithelium,32 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and 48 cases of SCC by immunohistochemistry.Results:The positive expression rates of HIF-1α and VEGF were 47.9%(23/48)and 54.2%(26/48)respectively in SCC,significantly higher than those in CIN and normal cervical squamous epithelium(P0.05).The positive expression rates of HIF-1α and VEGF in poor differentiated SCC were significantly higher than those in well or moderated differentiated SCC(P0.05).Both HIF-1α and VEGF expression rates in the cases with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than in those without lymph node metastasis(P0.05).The expression of HIF-1α was significantly related to VEGF expression in SCC(P0.05).Conclusion:Over-expression of HIF-1α and VEGF plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical squamous carcinoma.


The Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board (NMTCB) started certifying technologists through examinations by offering its first paper-and-pencil (P&P) multiplechoice (MC) examination on September 15, 1978. Up until 1995, the Board regularly administered 2 P&P MC certification examinations per year. During 1996, the Board converted its P&P MC examination into computer-based testing (1). The NMTCB computerized examination has been one of the premier certification examinations not only in the field of nuclear medicine, but also in the field of computerized testing. The purpose of this article is to provide a general review of the existing computerized version of the NMTCB certification examination. In particular, we will review specifications of the computerized test, conversion of P&P into the computerized version, the reliability and validity of the computerized test, and the trend of computerized NMTCB testing in the future. Computerized testing provides several advantages over P&P tests. The most frequently mentioned benefits are scheduling convenience for test-takers, short testing time, a secure testing environment, flexibility in the use of various item formats, a testing environment more realistic to the real world, and immediate score reporting. The NMTCB examination uses computerized adaptive testing (CAT) for classification. Under CAT, candidates are classified most accurately and efficiently into 2 categories, such as pass/fail, or minimally competent/not minimally competent. The computer administering the test stops when it determines that the ability of the examinee taking the test is clearly above or below the minimally competent level. However, the validity of the test score is questioned if a candidate below minimum competence passes the test, or if a candidate who is minimally competent to practice fails the test. These 2 errors are called false-positive and false-negative, respectively. A statistical technique called sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is applied to control the false-positive and false-negative classification errors in the NMTCB computerized adaptive testing. The SPRT method is used widely to control such types of errors (2).


Workforce analytics is an evolving measurement approach in human resource (HR) planning and strategy implementation. Workforce analytics can help organizations manage one of their most important resources: their human capital. The purpose of this paper is to propose a diversity metric, called the D-Metric, as a new tool for HR planning. The D-Metric can be used to assess the demographic representativeness of employees across skill categories of an organization's workforce compared to its relevant labor markets.,The authors present a real example and discuss possible applications of the D-Metric in HRM strategic planning and diversity research.,The D-Metric is a statistic useful in assessing demographic representativeness in the occupational categories of an organization's workforce compared to the demographics of its relevant labor markets. The methodology could be implemented to assess an organization's work force representativeness on dimensions such as race, sex, age and pay levels. When the labor market is unitary, without measurable variance, a substitute metric, the U-Metric also presented in this paper, can be used.,Use of the D-Metric requires publicly available labor market data with variance across labor market segments.,There currently is no published metric that evaluates the representativeness of an organization's work force relative to its relevant labor markets. Many organizations seek a demographically representative workforce to better understand their diverse customer segments. Monitoring the representativeness of an organization's work force, as captured in Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO-1) forms in the USA, for example, is an important component of HR management strategy. From a legal perspective, the D-Metric or the alternative U-Metric, could be useful in showing progress toward a demographically representative work force.


This paper will examine the consequences of Victorian gender roles and expectations for women which Kate Chopin confronts in her 1899 novel, The Awakening. I will focus on the novel's female protagonist, Edna Pontellier, and the ways through which her character exemplifies the struggles faced by a woman who finds herself unable to adhere to society's expectations of her. Edna occupies a liminal position, aware that she craves an existence of freedom and personal fulfillment through independence and self-exploration, yet unable to exist on her own and for herself due to Victorian gender constructs and her position in society. I will converse about the economics of the female body and the roles a woman can play if she is not content as a mother or a wife. This paper will have a strong focus on exploring the other characters in the novel and the ways in which they function in Edna's path to awakening, either in inspiring her to free herself and become independent, or in demonstrating to her what she does not wish to be. I will also connect the novel to Chopin's own life, as her body of work and the criticism she received serves as evidence for the themes of her writing; the body of her work, like the body of a woman, was harshly condemned when it stopped conforming to the accepted standard of society.


Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by multiple changes in virtually every aspect of an individual's life, calling for new psychological adaptations. Exposure to different stressors caused by these changes represents a central and normal part of the process of growth and development during adolescence. However, experience of cumulative and simultaneous negative stressors remains central as a potential threat to the well-being and healthy development during adolescence. Meanwhile, when faced with identical stressors, the stress process and the health outcomes of stress vary individually; the outcome depends on the role of different vulnerabilities and protective factors, in the individual as well as in the environment. The present thesis comprises an investigation of the role and nature of adolescent stressors and the association between stress and different health outcomes (emotional states, selfesteem and subjective health complaints). Gender and age differences on stress and the health outcome variables are also assessed. The thesis further considers the role of three potential protective factors with importance for stress and coping processes, as well as for health and well-being during adolescence; leisure time physical activity, self-esteem and sense of coherence (SOC). The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-N), a questionnaire assessing stressors common in adolescence, are also investigated. The thesis is based on three cross-sectional samples of Norwegian adolescents 13-18 years, attending public elementary and secondary schools in rural and urban areas in the two counties of the middle part of Norway The findings support a reliable and valid nine-factor structure of the ASQ-N. Moreover, girls seem to report higher levels of stress, more emotional symptoms and subjective health complaints than boys, especially in the age group 15-16 years. Conversely boys score higher on self-esteem. Both total sum stress and domain specific stress, especially in interpersonal contexts, is related to more emotional problems, lower self-esteem and more subjective health complaints in both boys and girls. The thesis has also revealed the positive role of leisure time physical activity, sense of coherence and self-esteem, controlled for experience of stress, in association with adolescents' health outcomes. Methodological, theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.


In order to realize effective home automation, the correlative information network of home equipment is proposed. In this situation, the advanced domestic digital bus (ADDB) defined as the AV subsystem of a home bus system has arisen as the standard protocol internationally. The main features of ADDB are: multimaster communication; and transparent multimode system.<<ETX>>


This research belongs to qualitative research. The research purposes to identify the types of sense based sentence and illocutionary meaning or author"s intention in the lyric of Adele"s albums. This research is using scope of pragmatics to find out the author"s intention. The objects of the research are lyrics in the Adele"s album entitled 21 and 19 which consist of 21 songs. In collecting data, researcher uses the document. The data in this research are simple declarative sentences containing types of sense based sentence, they are analytic sentence, syntactic sentence, contradiction sentence and the illocutionary meaning or author"s intentions, they are stating, informing, asserting, disclosing, offering, warning, threatening, affirming, promising, alleging, identifying, deploring, questioning, conjecturing, claiming and disputing. From the collected data, the researcher finds 50 data. The result of the research shows that: (a) There are three kinds of sense based sentences from 50 data found in Adele"s album. They are analytic sentence (2 data/ 4,0%), syntactic sentence (29 data/ 58,0%) and contradiction sentence (19 data/ 38,0%). (b) There are 16 kinds of illocutionary meaning found in Adele"s album. They are stating (5 data/10,0%), informing (21 data/ 42,0%), asserting (2 data/ 4,0%), disclosing (2 data/ 4,0%), offering(2 data/ 4,0%), warning(2 data/ 4,0%), threatening (2 data/ 4,0%), affirming (2 data/ 4,0%), promising (2 data/ 4,0%), alleging (1 datum/ 2,0%), identifying (1 datum/ 2,0%), deploring (4 data/ 8,0%), questioning (1 datum/ 2,0%), conjecturing (1 datum/ 2,0%), claiming (1 datum/ 2,0%) and disputing (1 datum/ 2,0%).


We present new techniques for attacking the Schroedinger eigenvalue problem. They are based on asymptotic solutions to an exact set of recursion relations satisfied by moments of the coordinate operator. We apply these techniques to the generalized anharmonic oscillator H = P/sup 2/ + X/sup tsM/ and show how to compute the energy levels, all of the moments , and the value of the wave function and its derivatives at the origin. We specialize to the case M = 2 to obtain accurate numerical results for the low-lying energy levels as well as (all) the moments. We also discuss the case V (x) = dx/sup 2/ + x/sup 4/. Transition moments are then treated in the same manner.


The establishment of Ward Rounds of Hospital Leadership Group is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of clinical front-line departments in terms of service construction,health care safety,quality control,research and teaching,price management,logistics work for the president and the relevant administrative departments.It helps to improve work efficiency and timely resolve key and difficult issues,and therefore is an effective way to improve the overall hospital management.


During the survey of Łempis Nature Reserve (Augustów Forest, NE Poland) 353 species of vascular plants were recorded, including 32 considered threatened with extinction in Poland (7 species from the Polish "red data book" and 32 species from the Polish "red list"). Among them there were 41 species protected under the Polish law, including 19 strictly protected species and four species listed in the Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Ten orchid species were recorded, including the most valuable plants of the nature reserve – Cypripedium calceolus, Hammarbya paludosa, Liparis loeselii and Listera cordata. Among 32 noted Cyperaceae species (including 26 members of the Carex genus), there was a number of threatened plants, e.g. Baeothryon alpinum, Carex chordorrhiza, C. loliacea and Eriophorum gracile. Other rare species included Agrimonia pilosa, Cladium mariscus, Laserpitium latifolium, Linnaea borealis, Potamogeton gramineus and Pulsatilla patens. The presence of anthropophytes was significant (4.5% of the flora), probably due to the past forest management practices as well as proximity of settlements. The extremely rich flora, along with pristine wetland ecosystems (mesotrophic lakes, various mire forests and fens), places the Łempis Nature Reserve among the most valuable nature reserves in Poland. key woRDs: red list species, neophytes, ancient forest species, wetland, Cyperaceae, Orchidaceae 2017, Vol. 21(3): 107–113 doi:10.12657/steciana.021.013 108 Paweł Pawlikowski et al.


Only two states are to-day without budget systems in some form. But the successful operation of these systems is a horse of another color. A distinguished authority on budget methods here reveals where they Imve fallen short


Image of horses racing on the final stretch on a muddy track with board in the background at Old Woodbine Racetrack.


A method of preparing Bi2S3 nanoparticles by arrested precipitation is described. It is shown that varying the amount of stabiliser employed in the preparation controls the size of the particles. The as-prepared nanoparticles may be self-assembled on a tin oxide substrate. Photocurrent studies of the Bi2S3 modified electrode indicate that the presence of an oxidisable surface trap at approximately −0.15 V vs. Ag|AgCl|3.0 mol dm−3 NaCl. Photocurrent spectra indicate that the band edge of the Bi2S3 particles is only weakly dependent on particle size, consistent with a high effective mass of electrons in this material.


Cosmogenic radionuclides (10Be t1/2 1.38Myr, 14C 5.73kyr, 26Al 705kyr, 36Cl 301kyr and 41Ca 100kyr) provide important information on the exposure time of meteorites and planetary surfaces in space and also shorter-lived nuclides provide information on the terrestrial-residence time of meteorites on the surface of the Earth. The infall rate of meteorites and other extraterrestrial material is some 40,000 tons per year over the surface of the earth. Material in space is subject to irradiation by cosmic rays at a much higher level than on the Earth's surface. The result is the production of secondary nuclides, known as "cosmogenic nuclides". It has been known for a long time that meteorites and lunar material contain significant radioactivity produced by the action of cosmic radiation in space (e.g. Eugster et al. 2006; Masarik and Reedy 1994; Leya and Masarik 2009). Since radionuclides decay, we have clocks on various time-scales that help us to better understand the duration of the time during which they were exposed to cosmic rays, which we call the cosmic ray exposure time, and the length of their residence on the Earth's surface, which we call the terrestrial age. Cosmic ray exposure ages have been reviewed by Herzog and Caffee (2013). Jull (2006) has summarized data for terrestrial ages based on 14C. For shorter time-scales <50kyr, 14C is the most useful, and nuclides such as 36Cl and 41Ca can also be used to estimate longer-lived terrestrial residence times, particularly in Antarctica and for iron meteorites.


An interview with the Malaysian-American poet-writer Shirley Geok-lin Lim that traces her early career, from the beginning to the years after she received the prestigious Commonwealth Writers Prize in 1980. Although Lim is a versatile writer who has excelled in multiple genres, this interview focuses exclusively on her poetry as her primary calling as a writer has been that of a poet. In the interview, Lim explains her challenges and accomplishments in the early years, especially as a migrant poet in the US, and highlights the various methods and techniques she used in her early poetry.


The study on relationship between stacked wheat leaves chlorophyll concentration and hyperspectral reflectance is an important technical approach to develop spectral inverse array of leaf chlorophyll concentration from labrotry leaf level to field canopy level.This paper studied the response characteristics of 350~2 500 nm reflectance spectra and 4 common vegetation indices on foliar chlorophyll concentration based on single layer and stacked multi-layers wheat leaves.The results showed that leaf spectral reflectance at the green reflecting peak region around 550 nm and red region around 705 nm had the best relation with chlorophyll concentration.Red position showed blue-shift with the increase of chlorophyll concentration.The effect of commonly used vegetation index NDVI was not ideal in monitoring leaf chlorophyll concentration in this study.SR705 could not estimate leaf chlorophyll concentration when leaves were stacked in different layers,although which closely related to single leaf chlorophyll concentration.Among four vegetation indices used in this study,TCARI had the best prediction power of chlorophyll concentration to both single layer and multi-layers wheat leaves,and it could be further used to estimate photosynthetic charactristic.


With a high thermal conductivity of 3000–5000 W/m -K, Graphene outstands almost all materials in effective lateral heat spreading. Will introduction of 2D monolayer graphene in 3D-IC help in vertical heat conduction too? In this work, we investigate the impact of Graphene- and Graphite- -based inter-die thermal interface material (TIM) on the peak temperature of the 3D-IC. We compare configurations of additional intermediate layer (IL) of monolayer graphene, graphite and copper materials along with TIM. Simulations show a peak temperature reduction of up to 50°C in GSRC benchmarks. Role of thermal conductivity and the additional IL critical thickness in peak temperature reduction is also investigated. Our discussion encompasses the vertical thermal profile impact on TSV delay and peak temperature dependence on TIM material, thermal-conductivity and thickness. Lastly, of all configurations, we suggest to further investigate a very promising cost-effective graphite-based inter-die TIM along with graphite-based heat spreaders, to compensate the poor heat dissipation problem in 3D ICs.


June 1967, the view gradually gained ground in the West that the Arab defeat represented a considerable Russian victory. Some more imaginative observers argued that the Rus sians had deliberately engineered both the war and the defeat in order to achieve this result; others, without going as far as to ascribe conscious purpose, nevertheless agreed that, by increas ing the hostility of the Arabs to the West and their dependence on the Soviet Union, the crisis, the war and their aftermath had greatly strengthened the Soviet political and strategic position in the Middle East and correspondingly weakened that of the United States. Observers and commentators spoke with mount ing anxiety about the growth of Soviet influence in the area and the threat which it offered to the interests of the free world.


The technique of isolation and perfusion of the posterior salivary glands of the octopods has been published by one of us (Bacq, 1950) and shown in a film at the recent XVIIIth International Physiological Congress at Copenhagen (17 August 1950). The glands are isolated and perfused through their arteries under constant pressure of sea water at room temperature. The perfusate is collected in a funnel and the falling drops registered. The common excretory duct is opened, and put on stimulating electrodes connected with an induction coil. In Octopus macropu8 it is possible to introduce in this duct a fine platinum canula and to collect easily the excreted saliva. It is difficult, if not impossible, to get better conditions of stimulation. The secretory nerves run into the wall of the excretory duct which (at least in 0. macropus) is contractile. A secretion of saliva or a change in perfusion rate cannot be obtained without a contraction of the duct; unfortunately we do not know of a substance which would act in the molluscs as curare does in vertebrates; so far, it has proved impossible to dissociate by pharmacological means the motor actions from the secretory or vasomotor phenomena.


Base isolation systems are applied in building systems to improve their seismic performance by isolating the structure from full intensity of the seismic input at the ground level. In some instances, due to the economic or environmental constraints, it is not possible to apply the isolation devices at the ground level. Instead, isolators may need to be placed at the top of ground floor columns. This is common when isolation is used in existing structures as a mitigation measure. The columns may then be subjected to altered internal forces below the isolation level. To study the consequences of this application, a simple five-story existing residential building was employed. An isolation system consisting of friction pendulum devices has been designed as a retrofitting alternative to improve the projected poor seismic performance of the building to resist effects given by the current Turkish seismic design code. Three dimensional model of the building is analyzed under the effect of recorded ground motion at the building region and the code specified design spectrum. In addition to the isolator displacements, the internal force demands from time history analyses have compared with the member capacities both before and after isolation. Results reveal that the increased force demands in the columns below the isolation level make these members critical and the isolation becomes ineffective. In this type of applications, either top of the columns should be restrained to obtain diaphragm action or the columns need to be retrofitted.


The first kidney to form in embryos of all vertebrate species is the pronephros. It has three components: glomerulus, tubules and nephric duct. This embryonic kidney is replaced later in development by the mesonephros, and in birds and mammals, by a metanephros (Saxén, 1987). The mesonephric and metanephric kidneys arise along the course of the nephric duct and, in fact, the metanephros is generated by mutual inductions between duct and mesenchyme (Saxén, 1987). The pronephric kidney, however, appears to arise de novo from cells in the intermediate mesoderm (IM) (Goodrich, 1930). The origin of the elements of the pronephric kidney have not been defined by lineage analysis. Fashioning of this organ requires the generation and apportionment of cells with at least three distinctive cell fates that represent the three components of the kidney, and their appropriate migration and positioning with respect to each other during morphogenesis. Organ fields in vertebrate embryos are regions defined classically by explantation and transplantation as regions that contain organ precursors (Huxley and de Beer, 1934). Based on the assumption that tubule formation is indicative of kidney formation, explantation and transplantation in Ambystoma points to the intermediate mesoderm as a site of renal origin, at least for the tubule progenitors (Fales, 1935). The positions of molecular markers characteristic of particular cell fates do not necessarily correspond to precursor location defined by lineage analysis (e.g. Serbedzija et al., 1998). Hence, lineage analysis, by marking of cells with dye or virus (Price et al., 1987) is the only definitive way to determine precursor location, migration and cell fate assignment. There are three modular components to the pronephros. The glomerulus is the site of blood filtration in the kidney. It consists of a capillary tuft in apposition to podocytes of the kidney. Fenestrations in the capillary endothelium and slit diaphragms in the podocytes allow the passage of the filtrate into Bowman's space. The cells of the tubule are the site of selective reabsorption and secretion. The nephric duct carries the modified urine to the exterior (Saxén, 1987). The pronephros of the zebrafish consists of paired glomeruli at the midline ventral to the dorsal aorta, and a set of pronephric tubules that project laterally from the glomeruli to the nephric ucts that run along the side of the embryo (Drummond et al., 1998). Histologically, the first evidence of the pronephros is a cell aggregate derived from the coelomic epithelium located ventral to the anterior somites (Goodrich, 1930). This ggregate will form the paired pronephric primordia which remain visible as flattened epithelial sacs between the 30 to 2233 Development 128, 2233-2241 (2001) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 DEV3351


6G networks will be massive, provide the ultimate experience, and applicable to diversified scenarios, achieving ubiquitous connections for all scenarios. Research needs to be car-ried out on the 6G network architecture. This paper believes that the network distribution is a key feature and technology of 6G network architecture, and studies four distributed network tech-nologies, including distributed services framework, distributed collaboration technology, distributed edge network technology and distributed application enabling. A preliminary analysis of the implementation principle and the evolution direction of each technology is presented, and possible implementation solutions are given.


Wear behavior of diamond grit in grinding of granites with brazed diamond tools was studied by measuring the height of grit protrusions and recording the ratio of grits wear behavior.Temperature variation in the grinding zone were measured by a sandwiched foil thermocouple.The results showed that broken-up,occurred on the combined zone between grit and matrix,was the main wear mechanism for brazed diamond grits.About 44% grits were worn from fresh to sidestep-style macro-fractured directly.The surface temperature between workpiece and tools was about 480 ℃,which were not high enough to induce graphitization of diamond grits.The high protrusion height of brazed diamond grit increased the torque acted on grits.Large torque and shearing force acted on diamond grit were the main reason for the grit broken-up on the combined zone.


Hospitalized patients with chronic brain syndrome, whether associated with senile brain disease or cerebral arteriosclerosis, are especially subject to adverse side effects from phenothiazine derivatives. Previous favorable experiences with deanol acetamidobenzoate suggested a trial in managing the functional overlay of these disorders in patients presenting difficult ward problems. Fourteen subjects were treated over an average period of 2 weeks, most of them receiving oral doses of 100 mg. q.i.d.; several highly agitated patients were given intramuscular injections (60 mg. q.i.d.). A gratifying rate of success was achieved in spite of the generally unfavorable prognosis in cases of severe brain damage. More than half (53.8%) of the patients responded to deanol acetamidobenzoate with increased alertness and greater cooperation, thus requiring less nursing care. Side effects were minimal. The most outstanding successes were in agitated patients with suicidal tendencies. Until further investigations point ...


PAKARINEN, TOMPPA: Implementation of a Knowledge-Based Treatment Planning System at Tampere University Hospital Tampere University of Technology Master of Science Thesis, 71 pages June 2018 Master's program of Electrical Engineering Major: Biomeasurements and bioimaging Supervisor: PhD Antti Aula Examiner: Professor Hannu Eskola


The article highlights the issue of financial substantiation of adoption of laws. Financial substantiation is characterized as one of important components of conceptual elaboration when preparing a law. Effectiveness of law enforcement is based on preparedness of financial substantiation and the core element in this respect is evaluation prognosis of legal instrument. In order to improve procedures of preparing for financial substantiation the author suggested: intensify the role of the Government of Russian Federation when operating with bills, which require obligatory resolution of the Government; to recognize the necessity for financial expertise of bills, which realization requires material expenditures of budgets of different levels of the budget system of Russian Federation and other sources also.


The ecological mapping should be purposeful, i.e. it should have a final goal, namely evaluation of the ecological potential of a territory, whether terrestrial or aquatic. The picture would be more nearly complete if it were also based on biogeochemical data, namely the natural structure of biogeochemical food-chains, biochemical cycles of elements, and Man-made impact on them.* Such approaches to making the map basis, and to ecological mapping itself— especially at a global scale — require the analysis of such huge information-sources as to be virtually impossible when only traditional methods are employed. New computer approaches, based on expert modelling and geoinformation systems, are necessary. The key items of the work remaining to be done on the planned map of the Ecoregions of the World (1:15,000,000) are the following: 1. Creation of the map's basis by the comparative analysis of the climatic zonality, relief, and ancient and existing runoff basins. 2. The conceptual basis of the isolation of different ecoregions might be such hierarchical structures as: elemental landscape (comprising ecosystem or, far more often, an ecocomplex, cf. Polunin & Worthington, 1990) + soil-geochemical catena + landscape province + waterprecipitation-water-accumulation system. 3. The Earth's soil cover, being the result of many ancient and modern processes, in combination with vegetation, may be considered as a real basis for the isolation of ecoregions of different levels. This may include the use of the first soil map of the world, made by Kovda (1975). 4. Ecological mapping should be done by the comparative analysis of the natural biogeochemical structure of different regions and their transformation under the influence of the intensive anthropogenic activity that is widespread nowadays. 5. Sampling, treatment, and visualization, of the necessary information during ecological mapping, should be done using expert-modelling, geoinformation systems, and computer technologies. 6. Assessment of the applicability of different ideas and approaches to the ecological mapping can be done, as the first step, on model ecoregions, specifically in zones of active anthropogenic activity (such as the Aral basin, Moscow region, Krasnoyarsk region-Nazarovskava depression, Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes, etc.). These approaches to ecological mapping allow us to reflect both the existing biogeochemical structure of the


It is an important subject to be solved in the new century to realize the transition of economic growth from the extensive pattern to the intensive pattern so as to make our country' s economy develop constantly, steadily and healthily. Meanwhile, it is also a long, lasting and changeable process. From the comparison of different economic growing patterns, this thesis mainly explicates the necessity and countermea-sure to realize the transition of our country's economic growing patterns.


The modification of PLA in many countries was introduced,which was to overcome the fragility in low temperature,poor pliability,poor heat resistance,and uncontrollable degradation time through the method of physical and chemical co-mixture,co-polymerization and multiplicity. The application of modified PLA in the food-contacted materials field was reviewed and prospected.


Several oil spill incidents during recent years have demonstrated that the physico-chemical properties of spilled oil and the effectiveness of available combat methods are, in addition to the prevailing environmental and weather conditions, key factors that determine the consequences of an oil spill. Pre-spill analyses of the feasibility and effectiveness of different response strategies, such as mechanical recovery and dispersants, for actual oils under various environmental conditions should therefore be an essential part of any oil spill contingency planning to optimize the overall {open_quotes}Net Environmental Benefit{close_quotes} of a combat operation. During the four-year research program ESCOST ({open_quotes}ESSO-SINTEF Coastal Oil Spill Treatment Program{close_quotes}), significant improvements have been made in oil spill combat methods and in tools for use in contingency planning and decision-making during oil spill operations. This paper will present an overview of the main findings obtained with respect to oil weathering and oil spill dispersant treatment.


The environmental technical requirements are often perceived as technical barriers to trade within a business process. They are also considered as impediments to innovation by firms that need to comply with them. However, it would be possible to use these requirements in the development of innovative new products? This article aims to demonstrate how this can be done, from a class of products that have stringent environmental requirements: crop protection products.