The polarization effects in GaN-based HFET are analyzed on the basis of crystal structure and microelectronics theory. The characteristics, origin and magnitude of two dimension electron gas induced by polarization are reviewed, and methods to increaseits magnitude are outlined. Three typical examples of current collapse are given, and the cause of formation and suppression of collapse together with a comparison of the various techniques of suppressionare discussed. The effects of the field modulating plate on the electrical characteristics, including the breakdown voltage and RF power characteristics, are examined, from which it can be seen that GaN-based HFETs with a field modulating plate hold great promise for RF power devices.


A conception and technical realization of a spectrofluorimeter for detection, identification and thickness measurements of the oil films on the water surface are presented in this paper. Remote analysis of the oil spills on the water surface is of interest in the environment control, searching and rescue works on the sea, safety supervision for oil extraction and fuel transportation on the expanse of water, and so on. The remote laser spectrofluorimetry is a promising way to solve these problems. Detection of signals of the fluorescence excited in the oil film by laser pulse is the physical basis for remote oil analysis by a spectrofluorimeter which includes detection of a spill, identification of the oil type, determination of the spill dimensions (film thickness and square) and its age.


1 Abstract The objective of this study was to identify before what kinds of adjectives the indefinite article, a or an, is used, and before what kinds of adjectives the indefinite article is not used, when these adjectives are followed by the word pain, and when the pain does not refer to a specific part of the body. This study was conducted making use of a large number of examples taken from the corpus in the BNC. The results of this study show that when the adjectives are describing the pain concretely, these noun phrases tend to be used with a or an, and that when the adjectives are describing the pain abstractly, these noun phrases tend not to be used with a or an. Health Science Research 20(1) : 17-21, 2007


The invention relates to a sealing structure among wheel discs of a gas turbine, in particular to an axial sealing structure among wheel discs of a gas turbine. The axial sealing structure comprises a plurality of wheel discs. A moving blade is mounted on each wheel disc, a stationary blade is mounted on a gas turbine box, a seal structure is mounted between the stationary blade and the corresponding wheel disc, a plurality of radial perforation pins are processed on a friction torque-transmission surface between every two adjacent wheel discs, and the axial distance L between the seal structures of every two adjacent wheel discs is longer than or equal to the hole diameter of each radial perforation pin hole. A stepped sealing ring is mounted between the seal structures of every two adjacent wheel discs. A middle seal structure is processed on the periphery of a middle ring of the stepped sealing ring. The seal structure of the previous wheel disc, the seal structure of the next wheel disc and the middle seal structure are identical in form. The axial sealing structure has the advantages that gas leakage caused by arrangement of the radial perforation pins is reduced, effect of sealing among the wheel discs of the gas turbine is effectively improved, and overall efficiency of the gas turbine is improved.


Accurate price forecasting is crucial for all market participants in electricity markets. This study presents a hybrid price forecasting framework based on a new data fusion algorithm. Owing to the complexity and distinct nature of the electricity price, a single forecast engine cannot capture all different patterns of the price signals. Hence, this study focuses on a hybrid forecasting method to extract the advantages of several forecasting engines. In the proposed method, artificial neural network, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and autoregressive moving average are employed as primary forecast engines (agents) which provide three independent price forecasts. Then, a new data fusion algorithm, the modified ordered weighted average (modified OWA), is proposed to combine the three forecasts to generate a single unified price forecast. Hopefully, the fusion's output outperforms all the agents' forecasts. The author's proposed fusion algorithm, unlike conventional OWA, uses the feedback from the agents' error. The proposed framework is evaluated on the Spanish electricity market. The results confirm the ability of the proposed fusion framework to provide more accurate forecasts compared with the input agents forecasts. Results are also compared with some of the recent electricity price forecasting methods.


After soaking raw material of tobacco,the pH of extract was adjusted after removing impurities such as pigment,pectin,protein,etc.;then copper sulfate was added to form Cu(Ⅱ)-nicotine complex in extract.Thermal instability of Cu(Ⅱ)-nicotine complex was adopt to release the ligand through heating,so high purity nicotine was obtained.The results showed that the purity of nicotine was over 98.3% by this method,and the extracting process was simple while effective;the apparatus was not complicated and copper sulfate could be recycled.


Objective To study the prognostic factors in patients with cancer of the thoracic esophagus after curative resection. Methods One hundred and five patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy through right thoracotomy and three field lymphadenectomy. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed using the cumulative survival rate by the computer's Cox proportional hazard model. Results The prognosis of these patients have a significant correlation among depth of invasion, cell differentiation of tumor, clinical stage, the number of lymph node metastases and the number of district with lymph node metastases, but it has a significant opposite correlation with the age of patients ( P 0 01). There wasn't correlation with sex of patients and length of tumor. The number of lymph node metastases have a significant correlation among cell differentiation of tumor and depth of invasion, and has a opposite correlation with the age of patients ( P 0 01), furthermore, it has a significant correlation with 3 years and 5 years survival rate ( P 0 01). Conclusion The prognostic factors in patients with cancer of the thoracic esophagus have a significant correlation among lymph node metastases,age of the patients,depth of invasion,location of tumor and differentiate of tumor. Three field lymph node dissection does contribute to prolonged survival in patients with no or fewer node metastases.


The Web GIS can show us the situation information by the means of visualization,which helps us to make dicisions.Thisthesis constructed a Web GIS by using open source platform Geo Server,Postgre SQL and Open Layers based on B/S structure;clari-fied its architecture,main function and the key technology and solutions used in the realization process and laid the foudation forthe developing of situation display system using Web GIS.


Adult quality education, which concentrates on developing potential ability of adult students for all aspects, is the demand of the world of today's knowledge economy society. The all-round personnel with the ability of innovation and creation are needed urgently nowadays. Improving the quality of teachers, emphasizing the basic knowledge learning, updating and modifying the method of teaching and paying attention to and strengthening the education of EQ will carry the adult quality education forward.


The Analysis of goods Production Cost at Depot Sinar Ayu Lematang Palembang
Dewi Yulianti Hasibuan, 2015 (xvi+90 pages)

The purpose of this final report is to fulfill one of the requirement to finish the study at accounting major of politechnic sriwijaya. Based on that. The writer arranges this final report with title "Analysis of good Production Cost at Depot Sinar Ayu Lematang Palembang". in writing this final report, the writen collected the data with interview, observation, and literature. Based on observations that done by the written, there are some issue in calculating the production cost, such as the company doesn't classified between direct materials and indirect materials then Depot Office depreciations cost and machine depreciations cost are not include in calculating the productions cost especially full costing method and variabel costing method. The result of the analysis that done by the writer shown for helping cost has classiffied to factory overhead, and then the writer has made calculating depreciations machine cost adn depreciations office. The writer suggested, the company supposed to classify direct materials, and helping cost, then calculated machine and depot office depreciations cost of factory overhead.


This paper describes the microstructure and the properties of N 18. This new P.M. alloy was designed for application in high temperature turbine discs. N 18 is strengthened by a high volume fraction of if' (55 %). We describe how the N 18 composition was selected to fit the SNECMA requirements ; we show that it is possible in this alloy to control, the respective volume fraction of inter and intragranular $', as well as the grain size by thermomechanical treatments ; as compared to other P.M. superalloys such as Astroloy, IN 100 and Rend: 95, N 18 offers a unique combination of tensile strength, creep resistance and damage tolerance. Superalloys 1988 Edited by S. Reichman, D.N. Duhl, G. Maurer, S. Antolovich and C. Lund The Metallurgical Society, 1988


This project provides algorithms to perform demand response using the thermal mass of a building. Using the thermal mass of the building is an attractive method for performing demand response because there is no need for capital expenditure. The algorithms rely on the thermal capacitance inherent in the building?s construction materials. A near-optimal ?day ahead? predictive approach is developed that is meant to keep the building?s electrical demand constant during the high cost periods. This type of approach is appropriate for both time-of-use and critical peak pricing utility rate structures. The approach uses the past days data in order to determine the best temperature setpoints for the building during the high price periods on the next day. A second ?model predictive approach? (MPC) uses a thermal model of the building to determine the best temperature for the next sample period. The approach uses constant feedback from the building and is capable of appropriately handling real time pricing. Both approaches are capable of using weather forecasts to improve performance.


This letter is a reply to a letter which was written in response to an article about a study on parity and use-effectiveness with the contraceptive sponge. In the study it was found that parous women were twice as likely as nulliparous women to become pregnant if they were using the contraceptive sponge. This pregnancy risk differential was not found in the comparison group of women using the diaphragm with spermicide. If the effectiveness of the contraceptive sponge is due primarily to the action of the spermicide it carries then increasing the size of the sponge beyond what is required to deliver spermicide may be of little benefit. The size of the sponge may be critical if a significant part of the effectiveness of the sponge is its ability to block sperm from entering the cervix.


The charity Sense About Science plans to intervene in a legal challenge facing the Health Research Authority (HRA) over its work to promote clinical trial transparency.

Richmond Pharmacology, a contract research organisation that runs clinical trials on behalf of drug companies, launched a judicial review against the HRA in March this year.

The HRA, a UK body established to promote and protect the interests of patients in health research, has been working to make clinical trials more transparent. In September 2013 the body made the registration of a clinical …


The accompanying photo illustrates the results at sixteen years of 9 ft. X 9 ft. spacing and the following brief description may be of general interest...


On the basis of the results of viscosity measurements of binary solutions of surfactant and oil,we can know weather micelle structures have been organized and,furthermore which oil can be emulsified by surfactant and water to become emulsion or microemulsion solution.


Patients admitted to trauma wards are routinely screened for MRSA pre-operatively. The majority of them have implant surgery before the screening results were available. The aim of our study was to identify the incidence of MRSA wound infection in these patients and their outcome following it. We randomly reviewed 40 patients who were colonised with MRSA pre-operatively and have had implant surgeries. The case notes, drug charts and the microbiology were reviewed to identify the incidence of MRSA wound infection and its outcome in these patients. The place of residence, site of colonisation and the treatment given were also considered. 70% of the patients were admitted from home and 20% had previous admission within one year. The commonest site colonised is the nose (50%) followed by the perineum in 20%. Multiple sites were colonised in 10% of the patients. Only 50% of them with positive nasal MRSA were given nasal bactroban and chlohexidine wash was given in only 70% of them with MRSA colonisation in other areas. 22.5% (9/40) of the patients developed MRSA infection post operatively and they were treated with vancomycin or teicoplanin. Wound debridement and washout were done in 67.5%. 75% of the MRSA infected wound healed well with no MRSA in the wound site after treatment. 25% of the MRSA infected wounds had persistent MRSA in the wound. As per our study the incidence of MRSA wound infection in patients colonised pre-operatively is about 22.5%. Most cases seem to heal well without much complication with appropriate antibiotics and wound care.


Frosted glass (FG) diffusers are used for various purposes in optical experiments and are qualitatively classified based on the particle size of the grit used to polish them. Moreover, their surface topographies are known to affect their optical ability. However, a quantitative relationship between the surface topography (especially the surface amplitude parameters) and the polishing grit size is yet to be established. In the present study, a contact-type surface roughness measurement instrument was used to measure the surface amplitude parameters of a variety of commercial FG diffusers. The determined parameters, which are defined in ISO 4287-1997, were then compared with the root mean square of the grit size and the quantitative relationships were investigated. The parameters that were most strongly correlated with the root mean square of the grit size were identified. The established relationships, which statistically reflect the optical properties of an FG diffuser, may be used to optimally select a diffuser for a particular optical experiment or numerical calculation.


Green's functions, singularities ABSTRACT In this work, we consider a mathematical model relevant for studying the mechanisms that potentially underlie the development of Alzheimer's disease. In particular, we discuss the glymphatic system of the brain; i.e. the network of vessels that have been hypothesized to clear waste from the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that the disruption of this system contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-beta in the brain, which is one of the key hallmarks in the development of Alzheimer's disease. According to the glymphatic theory, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows in the perivascular space surrounding the arteries of the brain. In developing mathematical models describing this process, one central issue is dealing with the scale disparity between blood vessels and brain tissue. To do so, we employ a mixed-dimensional PDE in which the brain is considered a 3D domain embedded with a 1D network representing the perivascular space. We use Darcy's law to model the flow in each domain, and couple them by use of a filtration law and a (2D) generalized Dirac source term as derived in [1]. Finally, to capture the steep pressure gradients expected around the (1D) perivascular spaces, we further introduce a suitable enrichment of the finite


This announcement coincided with continuing Catholic efforts to establish more schools in the West and particularly in southern California before a government school might be founded. With schools in place at Fort Yuma and San Diego, it was deemed prudent to start another institution a hundred miles north of San Diego. Along with the growing number of schools, more teachers were needed. Monsignor Joseph A. Stephan, director of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) after 1883, wrote to the philanthropist,


We show that the trace of quotient of two Dirac operators and the infinitesimally deformed chiral anomaly of Dirac operator on a twistor space have adiabatic series expansions. Further their top terms will be explicitly described. 0. Introduction Let M = (M, g ) be an even dimensional compact oriented Riemannian manifold equipped with a Spin structure introduced in [8] Ξ : PSpinq(n)(M) = PSpin(n)(M) ×Z2PSp(1) → PSO(n)(M) × PSO(3), (0.1) where PSO(n)(M) (n = dimM) is the reduced structure bundle consisting of SO(n)-frames of TM and PSO(3), PSpinq(n)(M) are some principal bundles with structure groups SO(3), Spin(n) := Spin(n) ×Z2 Sp(1), respectively. Remark that PSpin(n)(M), PSp(1) are locally defined bundles and the bundle map Ξ is assumed to be equivariant to the canonical Lie group homomorphism Ξ = (Ξ,Ad) : Spin(n) → SO(n) × SO(3). Then, using the canonical action of Spin(n) or Sp(1) on Spin(n)/Spin(n) = Sp(1)/U(1) and the identification Sp(1)/U(1) = CP 1 through the representation rH : Sp(1) → GLC(H) = GLC(C) with rH(α+ jβ) = ( α −β̄ β ᾱ ) , we have a CP -fibration π : Z = PSpinq(n)(M) ×can CP 1 = PSp(1) ×can CP 1 →M. (0.2) Let us now take an Sp(1)-connection A of PSp(1), so that the twistor space Z possesses canonically a Spin structure ([9], [10]). Namely, the connection induces a splitting of TZ into horizontal and vertical components, TZ = H ⊕ V, with natural orientation and with the metric g = π∗gM + gV (π∗gM = g |H), where gV is the Riemannian metric on V induced from the Fubini-Study one of CP . 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 53C27; Secondary 53C28, 81R25


The pandemic state of COVID-19 caused by the SARS CoV-2 put the world in quarantine, led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and is causing an unprecedented economic crisis. However, COVID-19 is spreading in different rates at different countries. Here, we tested the effect of three classes of predictors, i.e., socioeconomic, climatic and transport, on the rate of daily increase of COVID-19 on its exponential phase. We found that population size and global connections, represented by countries' importance in the global air transportation network, are the main explanations for the early growth rate of COVID-19 in different countries. Climate and socioeconomics had no significant effect in this big picture analysis. Our results indicate that the current claims that the growth rate of COVID-19 may be lower in warmer and humid countries should be taken very carefully, risking to disturb well-established and effective policy of social isolation that may help to avoid higher mortality rates due to the collapse of national health systems.


This cycling costume comes from the Bikes and Bloomers research. It is inspired by Mary and Sarah Pease's 1896 patent #13,832. It is one of the more radical designs of the time because the skirt completely comes away from the body. A full circle skirt converts into a cape – the waistband turns into a stylish high ruche collar. A gathering ribbon secures it at the waist and collar. If made in a light fabric, the skirt/cape can be rolled up and attached to the handlebars.


Sulfates and nitrates in total suspended particulate have been compared for 1971 and 1976. Sulfates show a general decrease at all but two sites. The decrease correlates well with decreases in SO/sub 2/. Nitrates show a majority of stations increasing in 1976 over 1971 although the overall trend is nearly constant.


By description of the development background, procedure and application of the data acquisition and analysis software of CTM-2002A/B automobile/tractor test instrument, the outstanding function and characteristies of the software are introduced in details. This software can greatly improve the work efficiency of the workman of automobile test.


Sally Potter began writing the script for this film on September 12, 2001 in direct response to what had happened the previous day (Potter, 2005). She wanted to make a film of hope, optimism, and love in a situation full of demonization and hatred. Set in London, Yes is a love story between a man from the Middle East, referred to simply as HE (Simon Abkarian) and a woman from the West, called SHE (Joan Allen). Being nameless, HE and SHE seem to be representatives of cultures, vehicles for political vision, and archetypes of East and West. But their romance makes them, not only vehicles, but also individuals. The political is thus held in tension with the personal. At first their passion and attraction give them a reprieve from pain and isolation, and transcend their differences, but eventually the political baggage of class, gender, religion, culture, and national identity cannot be kept out of their relationship. HE returns to Beirut and SHE goes to Belfast to be at her dying aunt's bedside. Potter first wrote a five minute script, which became the central scene of the film. It takes place in an underground garage, where on a personal level the imbalance of power between the two lovers reveals the rage and humiliation, the bitterness and hatred we see in the larger political scene, where the Other is reduced to an evil enemy. Before parting, the two sling accusations at one another: 'terrorist,' 'imperialist,' 'bigot,' 'bitch,' the clich s and stereotypes that reduce and dehumanize the other. Three structural elements, the language, the chorus, and the camera, have the formal effect of taking the story in the film out of the ordinary realm of life and making us aware that it inhabits a special place, the space of the imagination, specifically imagining what it would be for East and West to come together without scorn, hatred, or assimilation of the other. Stylistically, the film is like a song, written entirely in verse, mostly in iambic pentameter. Potter has written the lyrics for numerous songs and her fascination with the sound and shape of the language echoes her interest in the essence of movement (Potter, 2005). Expressing and exploring themes of love and politics in verse lends a flow, she feels, to ideas that otherwise could come off as heavy and didactic (Potter, 2005). The underlying beat calls attention to the words, not to their meaning, but to their sound, shape, and rhythm. Iambic pentameter is the rhythm of the beating heart, which creates a sensuous atmosphere, as it quietly amplifies the awareness of our auditory response. The measure is natural to the English language and falls somewhere between strict formality and the formlessness of ordinary speech (Levin, 1974). Int J Psychoanal (2008) 89:1225–1235 1225


To investigate the effect of the Q‐Box size on liver stiffness (LS) measurement by two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D SWE).


This paper provides a review of the drug therapy used in the management of the severely subnormal child at school following the introduction of the 1970 Education Act.


The combined effect of carbonation and chloride ingress in concrete is studied in this paper. A coupled simulation of the transports of carbon dioxide, chloride ions, heat and moisture is carried out. Several sets of experimental data were compared with the prediction by the numerical model developed in this paper, for its verification.


The Richard and Minnie Windler Award recognizes the authors of the best systematics and ecology papers published in Castanea during the previous year. For 2018, authors of two papers were selected as winners: John H. Wiersema, Piero G. Delprete, Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., and Alan R. Franck for their work entitled ''A New Weed in Florida, Spermacoce latifolia, and the Distinction between S. alata and S. latifolia (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae)'' (Castanea 82[2]:114–131); and Shannon N. Grover, Jesse E. D. Miller, and Ellen I. Damschen for their work entitled ''Indirect Effects of Landscape Spatial Structure and Plant Species Richness on Pollinator Diversity in Ozark Glades'' (Castanea 82[1]:24–31). Spermatococe alata, a noninvasive forest herb of the Amazon basin, has historically been confused with its weedy congener S. latifolia (widely distributed in the New World Tropics), and at times these two entities have been recognized as the same species. A population of Spermatococe, discovered on Florida conservation land, necessitated taxonomic assessment. John Wiersema and colleagues determined that the novel population was indeed the invasive S. latifolia, and provide a thorough investigation of the taxonomic history and ecology of these two species, including a comprehensive list of diagnostic characters likely to be of great use for conservationists in the southeastern USA and botanists of the neotropics alike. The lead author, John Wiersema, is a longtime contributor to Castanea with an outstanding record of publication throughout his career. The decline of native pollinator diversity in the USA in the last decade has implications for both natural conservation and food security. Many anthropogenic factors, including habitat fragmentation, have contributed to pollinator reduction, leading to an increasingly patchy landscape of both pollinators and plants. Shannon Grover, Jed Miller, and Ellen Damschen measured the effects of landscape structure on plant and pollinator diversity in a naturally patchy ecosystem, the dolomite Figure 1. From right to left, Shannon Grover, Jed Miller, and Ellen Damschen.


This dissertation examines the relationships between snow and synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation in the Great Lakes region of North America in a series of three journal articles. The first assesses the variability and long-term trends of lake-effect snowfall along the eastern shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, and determines the particular synoptic-scale weather types that drive the variability in snowfall. These weather type frequencies explain over 68% of inter-annual lake-effect snowfall variability, and between 89-95% of the observed linear changes in snowfall can be explained by long-term changes in the frequency and snowfall rates of these synoptic patterns. ☐ The second article builds a climatology of snow ablation events within the Great Lakes basin by isolating ablation from a daily gridded snow depth product. Ablation events are latitudinally-dependent, with peak probability of an event shifting northwards during the spring months in conjunction with enhanced incoming solar radiation, surface air temperatures, and atmospheric moisture. No long-term changes in the seasonal timing of ablation events are detected within the basin, however two spatially coherent regions corresponding to the northern Lake Superior and the eastern Lake Huron/Georgian Bay drainage basins did experience significant decreases and increases in inter-annual ablation event frequency from 1960-2009, respectively. Such changes are hypothesized to be driven by changes in the frequency of particular mid-latitude cyclones influencing the region and long-term trends in lake-effect snowfall. ☐ The third article employs a synoptic-classification procedure that identifies and analyzes the atmospheric conditions that lead to snow ablation events across the Great Lakes basin. Three primary categories of synoptic weather types lead to ablation, corresponding to 'southerly flow', 'rain-on-snow', and 'high-pressure overhead' patterns. Each pattern influences the meteorological conditions forcing ablation at the surface, and exhibits substantial inter-annual variability. The second and third most common ablation-inducing synoptic weather type categorizes, 'high-pressure overhead' and 'rain-on-snow', are respectively increasing and decreasing in inter-annual frequency from 1960-2009. Together, these three articles showcase the variable forcings of snow in the Great Lakes basin, and highlight the importance of understanding the links between atmospheric circulation and cryospheric water resources.


We bring to the attention of readers of Photochemistry & Photobiology a substantial body of research that was not taken into account in a recent report by Fischer et al. (1) and believe the information is needed to put the report into proper context. A wealth of research on metabolic stress response—an interesting and still unresolved field in the past 80 years (if one counts the work by Lavoisier and his first calorimetric experiments, the technique dates back more than 200 years)—is simply and deliberately omitted in the discussion. The observation that the oxidative metabolism of a subspecies of Daphnia reacts in the same unpredictable way to sublethal UV exposure is well known from many other species. The title is similar to that of our research in freshwater fish, published some years ago in Photochemistry & Photobiology and other photobiology journals (2,3) but neither was mentioned nor cited by the authors; other similar and appropriate contributions to the topic were also missing (4–11). Contradicting and controversial findings are neither mentioned nor cited, which would place the paper into a more appropriate context of literature on the highly diverse, still confusing effects of UV on general oxidative metabolism. Instead, the authors discussed DNA damage induction and repair mechanism in their findings, although their experiments provided no data that could support their speculation. Moreover, using second-level literature for citation should be avoided in the same way that omission of previous findings would alleviate or even contradict claims by the authors to report ''newly invented methods'' in studying certain mechanisms. For example, the use of special oxymetry equipment in conducting experiments with small aquatic animals that are also applicable to photobiological studies has already been published in detail (e.g. 7,12). To correctly interpret data on the general metabolic rate one must thoroughly consider environmental effects on the physiology and behavioral adaptation of the organism itself. There are numerous studies about potential effects of UV radiation on Daphnia spp. that can be traced as early as the 1920s (13–19), not to mention the wealth of research data being conducted by a group being led by Addink in Leiden, the Netherlands, on the influence of various stress factors on the metabolic rate of aquatic organisms. The potential damaging effect of UVA on the general respiration rate on Daphnia was ignored in the paper by Fischer et al., although there is evidence for such potential for freshwater ciclid fish (2,3). Other important parameters such as the critical oxygen concentration of the water used for measurement, animal acclimation before the treatments, handling stress, and natural behavioral patterns of the species were ignored in the researchers' methodological planning and discussion. These critical conditions could be responsible for a quite high mortality rate even in control groups (about 30% within 4 days), and for inconsistency in the metabolic data obtained from the experiments.


We report random access memories (RAMs) based on vortex transitional (VT) memory cell developed with the newly developed AIST 10-kA/cm2, Nb 4-layer fabrication process, called High-Speed Standard Process (HSTP). We obtained more effective mutual coupling structure by fully use of all the wiring layer, and successfully reduced the cell size to 25 μm square, which indicated roughly 50% increase in density compared to the previous design. We reduced the critical currents of Josephson junctions and load resistance to be matched with driving circuitry. We tested the miniaturized VT memory cell, and obtained a sufficient margin width of ~15%, and also confirmed correct operations of the other components, including a latching driver and address decoder.


This paper shows that cell phone Call Detail Records (CDRs) and train objects in GIS, generated from crowdsourced timetable information, can be used to estimate the train on which a specific passenger is riding. Passenger train ride likelihood calculation is first conducted using CDRs and targeted train objects. Then, the results obtained are compared with the trains specified in GPS logs. Empirical results obtained contain both good cases such as trains being estimated from CDRs and train objects corresponding to the train specified in GPS logs and bad cases such as the estimated train not corresponding to the actual train on which the passenger is riding. Therefore, analysis of each case is also carried out. The application of train objects and cell phone CDRs can facilitate analysis of how passengers ride trains, identification of origin-destination rail routes, and congestion/delay reduction.


The youth are the new force to realize " China dream". It is important to carry out the " China dream" thematic education activity in the universities and the universities should carry out this kind of activity in six aspects such as ideal and faith education,the socialist core values education,humanistic quality education,the policy and state of the nation education,patriotic education and collectivism education. In addition,guided by scientific development concept,the universities should innovate new way of " China dream" thematic education activity.


In this paper, we construct an explicit basis of the quantized universal enveloping algebra Uq(slN + 1(C)). Let A = (%-)i<jj<;v be a symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix, and &(A) the Kac-Moody Lie algebra of A. Motivated by studies of quantum YangBaxter equations, Jimbo [6] and Drinfeld [2, 3] introduced a Hopf algebra Uq(&(A)) with a nonzero complex parameter q. This Hopf algebra, which is also called [3] a "quantum group", can be considered as a natural ^-analogue of the universal enveloping algebra U(&(A)) of &(A). For example, it is known that the representation theory of Uq(&(A)) is quite analogous to that of U(&(A)). See Lusztig [9] and Rosso [11]. The purpose of this paper is to show that, if &(A) is of type AN, and q 8 =£ 1, then Uq(&(A)) has a PoincareBirkhoff-Witt type basis. Let R be a commutative ring with 1. Denote by slN+l(R), the Lie algebra of (N + 1) x (N + 1) matrices over R of trace 0. It has the standard J^-basis consisting of the elements


Ab initio calculations, employing double zeta plus polarization (DZP) basis sets and generalized valence bond (GVB) wave functions, have been performed on clusters of varying size, to investigate the utility of such clusters as prototypes for the study of silicon surfaces, and to investigate the effect of the level of theory used on predicted results. This work builds on landmark papers by Goddard in 1982 and Paulus in 1998 that demonstrate that a single reference wave function description of the silicon dimer bond is incorrect, and that a multireference description results in a symmetric dimer in a silicon cluster containing one dimer. In this work, it is shown that the imposition of arbitrary geometrical constraints (fixing subsurface atoms at lattice positions) on cluster models of the Si(100) surface can also lead to nonphysical results. Calculations on the largest clusters, without geometrical constraints, reveal that surface rearrangement due to dimer bond formation is "felt" several layers into the...


Some new classes of Hamming metric Gray codes over Zpn , where p is a prime and n is an integer power of 2, are described; then, how these Gray codes can be used to generate the maximum number of edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in an n-dimensional generalized hypercube (GHC), Qpn, is shown. For Qpn, the number of edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles generated using these methods is n(p -1)/2 which is the maximum possible since the degree of each node in Qpn is n(p - 1). In addition, for any integers p and n, p not necessarily a prime and n not necessarily a power of 2, how to generate the maximum number of edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in Qnp is also described.


In Victorian society, women of the middle class were particularly vulnerable to white-collar crimes. Denied opportunities to earn their own living, single women were especially dependent on invested capital. Women, in fact, made up a significant portion of investors during the nineteenth century, especially in such key areas of the economy as banking, railways and insurance. Yet, bourgeois notions of gentility required that women remain ignorant of money matters and refrain from active participation in business affairs, leaving women especially exposed to all manner of fraud and malfeasance. This article uses financial literature, newspaper debates and popular fiction to demonstrate how women were victimized by white-collar crime. Women's financial victimization was a common theme of the popular press, economic journals and fiction. These discourses contributed to a feminist discourse of economic and political empowerment, and suffragists and other progressives argued that women had to reform an economy and financial system in which they were both marginalized and deeply implicated.


During the high-speed operation of the train, sparks are generated between the pantograph and the contact line, and electrical wear affects the reliability of the train's pantograph network, which may cause operational safety accidents in severe cases. In this paper, a video image-based pantograph spark recognition algorithm is proposed. The pantograph area can be determined through the YOLOv4 neural network algorithm. The RGB and HIS color model criteria are used to obtain the spark color feature area, combined with the R component dynamic background differential judgment. The Wiener filter algorithm is used to process the dithered and blurred image. According to the spark generation area, the three-frame dynamic background subtraction and gray difference area criterion are used to eliminate the background interference of train operation, which can accurately identify the intensity of spark discharge in the video image, and the frequency of sparks can be combined to give an alarm. The simulation experiment results show that the detection accuracy of the spark recognition algorithm proposed in this paper is 98.0%, which significantly improves the accuracy of spark recognition and detection.


BACKGROUND
Topical silicone gel sheeting has been used successfully in the management of hypertrophic and keloid scars resulting from thermal burn wounds.

METHODS
An open-labelled approach using the silicone gel sheets was performed using hypertrophic and keloid scars secondary to surgical procedures or traumatic insults.

RESULTS
The silicone gel sheets resulted in moderate improvement in scar thickness, scar color and was noted to be effective to some degree in all tested. The material was easy to use and painless.

CONCLUSION
Topical silicone gel sheeting is an effective method for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars and may be considered useful in the treatment of these difficult cutaneous lesions.


Abstract 950 Current treatment regimes for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) achieve complete remissions in only a subset of individuals and most adult patients will relapse within 5-years, emphasizing the need for novel treatment alternatives. One such therapy may be the administration of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) specific for AML-associated antigens. CARs are typically composed of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) from a monoclonal antibody fused to the CD3ζ signaling domain and may contain one or more costimulatory endodomains. When expressed in T cells, CARs redirect T cell specificity to surface antigens on target cells in an MHC-independent manner. The interleukin 3 receptor alpha chain (IL3Rα, CD123) is a cell surface receptor which is aberrantly over-expressed on multiple hematologic malignancies including AML. Previous work has demonstrated that CD123 is not expressed on all CD34+/CD38− hematopoietic stem cells and is restricted to cells of the myeloid lineage, making CD123 an attractive target for CAR T cell therapy. We have therefore generated two novel CD123-specific (CD123R) CARs using scFvs from previously characterized antibodies, designated 26292 and 32716, which bind two distinct epitopes on CD123. Here we demonstrate that T cells expressing CARs derived from either 26292 or 32716 effectively redirect T cell specificity against CD123+ cells. Healthy donor T cells (n=3) engineered to express the CD123R CARs efficiently lysed CD123+ cell lines LCL and KG1a while sparing the CD123− cell line K562 as demonstrated by a 4 hour chromium-51 (51Cr) release assay. Additionally, both of the CD123R CAR T cells produced similar levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α and displayed comparable levels of antigen-dependent proliferation following co-culture with CD123+ cell lines. The potent cytolytic activity and activation of our CD123-targeting T cells was not limited to tumor cell lines. Indeed, CD123R CAR T cells, but not donor-matched CD19-specific (CD19R) CAR T cells, robustly lysed panel of primary AML samples (n=6, 3 – persistent, 1 – relapsed, 2 - untreated) (* p Collectively, our data demonstrate that CD123-specifc CARs can be expressed in primary healthy donor T cells, distinguish between CD123+ and CD123− cells, and mediate robust anti-leukemic activity against a panel of poor-risk primary AML patient samples. Importantly, we demonstrate that CD123R CAR T cells have little impact on normal progenitor colony formation while significantly reducing the growth of clonogenic myeloid leukemic progentiors in vitro. Thus, CD123R CAR T cells are a promising candidate for future immunotherapy of AML. Disclosures: Bhatia:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Jensen:ZetaRx: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.


A detailed calculation of both the sea-level muon momentum spectra and charge ratio at angles up to 79 deg shows excellent agreement with available experimental data in the 1-5000 GeV/c range. It shows that there is no need at present to invoke any change in the cosmic ray chemical composition, the proton and helium spectra, or the nature of the hadronic interaction from what is presently observed at proton energies up to about 1500 GeV. If scaling in the relevant energy range holds for hadrons of energies above about 1500 GeV, the present results suggest that the cosmic ray proton and helium spectrum above 100 GeV continues with the same spectral index of 2.75 up to at least about 10 TeV.


Incubators or policymakers need to decide which applicants to invest their budget and resources in. In the interest of avoiding misdirected budgets, they will naturally seek to invest in those applicants with the greatest potential for succeeding. This article describes a method designed to help in making sound investment decisions by selecting those entrepreneurs most likely to succeed. The methodology involves two steps: the first focuses on the assessment of individual characteristics, and the second focuses on the evaluation of the business opportunity. We applied this methodology on an entrepreneurship promotion programme following a longitudinal design. By the end of the programme, the 15 selected participants were successful in the implementation of their start-ups. This would indicate, therefore, that using this entrepreneur selection method can help in the investment decision making process because it enables entrepreneurship agents to more effectively evaluate individuals and their opportunities.


As the cost for adding functions to a processor continues to decline, processor designs are including many additional features. An example of this trend is the appearance of graphics engines and compression engines on midrange and even low end microprocessors. One area that has the potential to capture chip real estate is the decimal arithmetic engine because of its importance in financial and business applications. Studies show that 55% of the numeric data stored on commercial databases are in decimal format. Although decimal arithmetic is supported in many software languages it is not yet available on many microprocessors. This paper details the decimal arithmetic engine in the recently announced z900 microprocessor.


This article holds that there has been a "wave for procedure" in China, a country that has traditionally "favored substantive laws over procedural laws". Through an analysis of the several hot issues in the field of administrative law over the past few years, i.e. implications and value of administrative procedure and the concepts, status, mode, basic principles and objective legislation mode and legislative steps of administrative procedural law, the article proposes its own views, on the basis of which, the writer points out the urgent need for the formulation of a code of administrative procedural law appropriate to the circumstances in China.


Successful monitoring of pollutant transport through the soil profile requires accurate, reliable, and appropriate instrumentation to measure amount of drainage water or flux within the vadose layer. We evaluated the performance and accuracy of automated passive capillary wick samplers (PCAPs) for their ability to monitor and estimate real-time drainage water fluxes by comparing amounts of drainage recorded by the datalogger from the tipping buckets with manually collected drainage amounts. Drainage water fluxes were online estimated and manually collected below the rootzone of a sugarbeet-potato-barley using five years of data.


This paper highlights a general and reliable technique for converting basic torque-rotational speed for molasses derived from Couette viscometers into true shear stress-shear rate data without a priori assumption of a fluid model. Obtaining the shear rate as a function of shear stress from Couette viscometry data is an inverse problem and is normally 'solved' by assuming a rheological model such as a power law model. An accurate method based on Tikhonov regularisation is developed to solve this inverse problem for the shear rate. The advantages of Tikhonov regularisation are highlighted. The performance of the new method is assessed by applying it to process the Couette data of molasses.


Aim: to identify the perception of the injured driver about the factors that influenced the motorcycle accident. Method: a descriptive, qualitative research, developed with fifteen accident victims who were driving the motorcycle at the time of the accident, in September 2015, in the capital of the State of Piaui. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis. Results: three categories emerged in this study: motorcycle accident victim's perception in relation to their risk behavior; association of the accident to the risky behavior of the other driver and external factors related to the motorcycle accident from the injured driver's perspective. Final thoughts: two great challenges were evidenced: to consolidate a traffic education as effective as the motorcycle sales policy, and the other is to involve society in debates about problems that occur in traffic


During 2010-2011 the implementation of the national tests in mathematics in the third grade in Sweden was investigated. The result pointed towards a need to look further into the discourse regarding the multilingual pupils with other mother tongue than Swedish in need of support. The most important steeringdocument: the test instructions to teachers were investigated during 2010-2014. Conclusions are that instructions have shifted to a more categorical wording where adaptions are for pupils with disabilities. Teachers then get less guidance on their mission to help pupils who needs language support.


Introduction: Aberrant activation of FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and FGFR4 inhibitors have shown preliminary efficacy in recent clinical trials for patients with FGF19 overexpression. However, the observed responses only lasted a few months before tumors relapse. Acquired FGFR4 resistant mutations were found in ~30% of FGFR4 inhibitor responsive patients. Similar FGFR4 mutations haven also been found de novo in about 7-10% of Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and ER-treated invasive lobular carcinoma patients. First generation FGFR4 inhibitors have minimal activity against these de novo or acquired resistant mutations. Therefore, next-generation of FGFR4 inhibitors are needed to overcome these resistant FGFR4 mutations to provide better treatment options for patients. Using advanced computation-aided structural analysis and medicinal chemistry design, we have discovered a next-generation small molecule FGFR4 inhibitor, ABSK012, and demonstrated its strong activities against de novo and acquired resistant FGFR4 mutations while retaining inhibition for wild-type FGFR4.
 Method: Inhibitory activity of ABSK012 against FGFR4 and FGFR4 mutants was evaluated by MSA assay and its inhibition on FGFR4-dependent cell proliferation was evaluated by Celltiter-Glo assay in wile type FGFR4-dependent cancer cell lines or mutant FGFR4-dependent Ba/f3 cell lines. Its selectivity against other FGFR family member and kinases was analyzed by cellular and KinomeScan profiling. Efficacy studies were conducted in HCC xenograft models and mutant FGFR4-dependent xenograft models including a RMS PDX model harboring FGFR4 V550L mutation.
 Results: ABSK012 demonstrated strong potency over multiple FGFR4 mutants that are insensitive to a first generation FGFR4 inhibitor BLU-554. It also inhibited wild-type FGFR4 with IC50<5 nM in biochemical assay and exhibited great selectivity against other kinases. In multiple mutant and wild-type FGFR4-dependent cell lines, ABSK012 demonstrated significantly improved anti-proliferation activity. In preclinical in vivo studies in HCC models, oral administration of ABSK012 strongly inhibited the tumor growth at doses without obvious toxicities. More importantly, in a RMS PDX xenograft harboring FGFR4 V550L mutation, ABSK012 also showed significant anti-tumor activity. Other ADME and safety profiling demonstrated excellent drug-like properties of ABSK012.
 Conclusion: ABSK012, presented here by Abbisko Therapeutics, is a highly potent, selective, and next-generation small molecule FGFR4 inhibitor overcoming FGFR4 mutations resistant to first-generation inhibitors. Its superior preclinical profile supports its fast-track development into clinic.
 Citation Format: Haiyan Ying, Nannan Zhang, Haibing Deng, Fei Yang, Wenqun Xin, Bin Shen, Hongping Yu, Zhui Chen, Yao-chang Xu. Discovery & characterization of a next-generation FGFR4 inhibitor overcoming resistant mutations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB328.


A method is proposed for improving the spatial resolution of frontside-illuminated silicon CCD imagers. The technique involves building the device on an epitaxial layer deposited on a more highly doped substrate of the same conductivity type, creating a high-low junction. A simple theoretical model for the carrier diffusion limited modulation transfer function (MTF) is developed for this structure. Calculations of the MTF using this model are compared to similar calculations for other configurations, e.g., a thinned, backside-illuminated device and a frontside-illuminated imager built on a uniformly doped substrate. The calculations show that the new structure has MTF performance comparable to or better than the backside-illuminated device and has, for λ = 1.06 µm and Nyquist spatial frequency, an MTF which is nearly an order of magnitude higher than that for the nonepitaxial frontside-illuminated device. At the same time, the quantum efficiency of the epitaxial device is reduced by about one order of magnitude. The effects of substrate doping and epitaxial layer thickness are also explored.


FTIR and UVvisible spectroscopic techniques have gained significance in the understanding of the nature of the disease. Blood is made of fluid matrix called plasma and several types of cells. In diseased conditions pathological changes takes place, which leads to changes in plasma and cellular constituents. During abnormal conditions the blood samples undergo major changes in chemical and biochemical properties. Detection and measurement of these changes is of importance in clinical diagnosis and follow-up treatment. The FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques can be used as a tool to differentiate normal blood sample from that of diseased. The FTIR spectra of serum samples from normal and a subject having high urea and creatinine were recorded in the region 400-4000 cm-1. The internal standards were calculated to characterize the diseased from that of the healthy subject. The spectral differences were quantified by introducing four intensity ratio parameters. These are found to decrease when compared to that of the normal subject. An attempt has also been made to study the sample obtained from a hypercholesterolemia case using uv-visible spectral studies. There is a marked difference the characteristic absorbance in the region 200-400 nm corresponding to the constituents of the diseased sample. The internal standard calculated among the peaks show that the change observed on comparison with that of a normal subject is attributed to the disease. The change seen in the absorbance due to tryptophan and tyrosine around 280 nm could be allotted to disruption in the metabolism of tryptophan leading to the production of nicotinic acid. Nicotinic acid is known for its lipid reducing properties. An increased intake of nicotinic acid suppresses the production of VLDL, is suggested through the analysis. Hence nicotinic acid and or statin group of drugs seems to be used to treat high cholesterol related conditions.


Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film,which is widely used and studied in organic photovoltaic field,especially in organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes,has excellent performance,such as high conductivity,high transmission of visible light,high stablity and easy processing.Based on application and modification of PEDOT:PSS film,the main research results about PEDOT:PSS film in organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes during the last decade are reviewed,and its future research direction is proposed.


The objective of this work was to indicate some possible ecophysiological manipulations, based on experiments of plant architectural traits. Yerba‑mate, rubber tree and grapevine plants were measured in field and laboratory, and their 3D mock‑ups were constructed using V‑Plants and PlantGLViewer softwares. Indications about growth and environmental impact analysis were discussed, applying diverse simulations in modeling process.


Background: There is an increasing evidence for the use of thin flaps based on vascular perforators for reconstructive surgeries. The medial sural and deep inferior epigastric artery flaps offer versatility for the reconstruction of major defects of the head and neck. Objectives: "Whether medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap or rectus abdominis perforator flap is better for the reconstruction of glossectomy defects in terms of functional outcome?" Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov and hand searches. Participants and Interventions: Patients who underwent tongue reconstruction with either MSAP flap or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Based on defined study criteria 6 studies were selected according to Prisma Guidelines. The overall estimated effect was categorized as significant where P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between both flaps in terms of receptor site complications (P = 0.223). Overall odds ratio (OR) for complications was 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.412–0.736) and the test for overall effect t value was 2.836, P < 0.05. Overall OR was 6.01 (95% CI 0.5–7.45) and the test for overall effect t value was 1.41, P < 0.05 indicating there was a statistical difference in the intelligibility of speech. Limitations: Anatomical variations, under-reporting of studies and lack of universal tool for speech intelligibility. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: Both the flaps are comparable in terms of functional outcome. Medium-sized defects can be reconstructed with MSAP and composite larger defects would benefit from DIEAP. In females, anterolateral thigh flap still remains the choice for composite reconstructions.


This paper is concerned with the application of adaptive techniques for simultaneous parameter identification and state estimation to the design of an adaptive observer for systems having unknown pure time delay and parameters. First, by using the Pade approximation method, we derive a lumped parameter composite system for the time delay system of which time delay element is expressed by a transportlag type distributed parameter subsystem. Then, Luders-Narendra type adaptive observer is constructed for the composite system which approximates the original time delay system. Stability of thus obtained observer is guaranteed by the Popov's hyperstability theorem and the parameter, adjusting laws in this case are given by integral plus proportional terms. Simulation results of a second-order time delay system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design method proposed here.


GABAA receptors are hetero-oligomeric ion-channel complexes that are composed of combinations of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits and play a major role in inhibitory neuro-transmission in the mammalian brain. We report here a microsatellite polymorphism within the human alpha 6-subunit gene (GABRA6). Mapping of this marker in a human-hamster hybrid cell-line panel and typing of the repeat in the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Human (CEPH) reference families enabled the localization of this gene to chromosome 5q and established its linkage to the GABAA receptor alpha 1-subunit gene (GA-BRA1) with a maximum lod score (Zmax) of 39.87 at a theta of 0.069 (males) and 0.100 (females). These results reveal the clustering of GABRA6, GABRA1, and the GABAA receptor gamma 2-subunit gene (GABRG2) on distal chromosome 5q.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a collision prevention device of a continuous unloader, which is wired simply and can suppress fault caused by a collision of articles conveyed by the continuous unloader.SOLUTION: The collision prevention device is provided with: an electric wave sensor 2 and a reflector 9 that reflects electric waves from the electric wave sensor 2, which are oppositely arranged at an upper end portion and a lower end portion of an elevator portion 12 so as to protrude in a horizontal direction from the upper end portion and the lower end portion respectively of the elevator portion 12; and a measurement portion 3 that measures using the electric wave sensor 2 intensity of reflection waves reflected at the reflector 9; and a determination portion 4 that when the intensity of reflection waves measured by the measurement portion 3 is equal to a predetermined threshold or lower, determines that the elevator portion 12 can collide with a hatch coaming 15 in the periphery of an opening of a hold 14 of a ship.


Mechanical performances are among the most fundamental properties that dictate the applicability and durability of polymeric materials. Reinforcement of polymeric materials is eternally pursued to broaden the applications of polymers with light‐weight, low‐cost and easy‐processing advantages. Noncovalent aggregates of biomacromolecules have been found to play a significant role in the mechanical properties of many natural materials, such as the spider silk. Increasing numbers of reports have demonstrated that the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains in polymeric systems are highly effective for enhancing the mechanical properties of artificial polymeric materials, in terms of strength, stiffness, toughness, and/or elasticity. The in situ formed noncovalent aggregates act as additional crosslinking domains and well‐dispersed "hard" nanofillers in the polymer networks, significantly strengthening, stiffening and/or toughening the polymeric materials. Moreover, the noncovalent crosslinking of polymer chains favors the development of healable and recyclable polymeric materials, thanks to the reversible and dynamic properties of noncovalent bonds. This review provides an overview of the recent advances on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of different polymeric materials by the in situ formed noncovalent aggregates of polymer chains. It is expected to arouse inspirations for the development of novel polymeric materials with extraordinary mechanical performances and functionalities.


Introduction: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and acute anterior myocardial infarction (ant-AMI) show very similar 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) featured at onset, and it is often difficult to disting...


Currently the euro has a purchasing power parity (PPP) of 0.865 vis-a-vis the dollar based on tradables: a basket of internationally traded manufactured goods and tourist services which costs 1 € in the euro zone, comes at 0.865 $ in the USA. In view of an exchange rate of 0.958 $ and based on tradables, the euro was thus overvalued against the dollar by 10.7 percent in mid 2000. Taking an overall economic basket, however, the PPP was 1.078. One GDP unit thus came cheaper by 11.2 percent in mid 2000 in the euro zone than in the USA, so that the euro was undervalued when based on the GDP. The main reason for the discrepancy, i.e., that a GDP unit is cheaper and a unit of tradables is more expensive in the euro zone than in the USA, is the fact that services which are not traded internationally, such as health and education services, are especially expensive, whereas manufactured goods and tourist services are relatively cheap in the USA. In general, the GDP-based PPP is an unsuitable measure of the "fair" level of an exchange rate inasmuch as no country enjoys a price advantage or disadvantage in international trade. After all, large parts of the GDP, and in particular most services and building investments, are hardly if ever traded internationally (in the USA these make up 70 percent of GDP, in the EU 62 percent). Export market shares held by the EU and USA develop closely in line with the tradable-based over- or undervaluation of the euro/ecu against the dollar. Thus, the ecu/euro exchange rate to the dollar between 1987 and 1999 was, on average, 32.6 percent above the PPP of tradables, while at the same time the EU's share of overall exports by the triad (EU, USA, Japan) declined from 68.4 to 63.2 percent, and that of the USA rose from 19.1 to 26.0 percent. Such relationships illustrate not only the impact of sustained price shifts in international trade on relative export growth, but also put calculated PPPs into a plausible light.


Methodology is introduced to separate and quantitate most of the di- and trisaccharides composed of glucose and fructose moieties, found in honey. At least twelve closely related disaccharides and seven trisaccharides were successfully identified and quantitated employing a combination of reduction and trimethylsilylation followed by either temperature programmed (disaccharides) or isothermal (trisaccharides) gas chromatography. The oligosaccharides in honey, representing approximately 3% of the total sugars, could be isolated using preparative HPLC and analyzed using the aforementioned gas chromatographic methodology. In addition, these oligosaccharides could also be analyzed without employing a preparative HPLC separation by using a concomitantly larger sample volume. Palatinose, not previously reported in honey, was found in many honey samples.


Deaf & mute people communicate usually in Sign Language with each other. Although the sign-language is very well known among these people it's quite unknown by other people. An attempt is made in this project to bridge the communication gap for the people who don't know Sign Language. The sign language used is the American Sign Language Lexicon Video dataset for this project which can be further extended to different languages. The dataset was in video format so a dominant frame extraction algorithm that would extract the dominant images from the video was used to create an as-per-requirement dataset. We found a lot of work had been already done on finger-spellings recognition but since finger-spellings make it much more complicated in actual time we thought of moving ahead with rather identifying words. The work was completed on a Computer Vision's State-of-the-art model based on Deep Learning that helped in achieving the completion of the task at instance level classification making the recognition task to a better identification at pixel-level which in-turn helps in achieving better results. An attempt has been made here to employ the latest method to make the computer learn sign languages that are independent of a person's complexion, lighting conditions, and orientations.


Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition and fabricated into thin-film transistor (TFT) devices. In-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) illustrates that weakly bonded oxygen (O) atoms exist in a-IGZO thin films deposited at high O2 pressures, but these can be eliminated by vacuum annealing. The threshold voltage (V th) of the a-IGZO TFTs is shifted under positive gate bias, and the V th shift is positively related to the deposition pressure. A temperature variation experiment in the range of 20 K–300 K demonstrates that an activation energy of 144 meV is required for the V th shift, which is close to the activation energy required for the migration of weakly bonded O atoms in a-IGZO thin films. Accordingly, the V th shift is attributed to the acceptor-like states induced by the accumulation of weakly bonded O atoms at the a-IGZO/SiO2 interface under positive gate bias. These results provide an insight into the mechanism responsible for the V th shift of the a-IGZO TFTs and help in the production of reliable designs.


The Finnish earnings-related pension forms part of statutory social security, but our earningsrelated pension scheme has many features that are connected to occupational pensions (so-called Pillar II supplementary pensions), that are based on labour market agreements. Compared to other countries, the Finnish earnings-related pension is proportional to the statutory pension provision as well as the occupational pension provision agreed on by the labour markets, and fulfils the assignment of both. Occupational pensions, common in many other countries, are rare in Finland. This review examines the administrative expenses of the statutory pension schemes of Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland (so-called Pillar I schemes) and of the occupational pension schemes (so-called Pillar II schemes) that together form the overall pension provision in Finland. The review does not examine private pension saving or the administrative expenses of organisations supervising the pension schemes. By administrative expenses is meant operating expenses and investment expenses. Operating expenses are formed from expenses arising from indemnity operations and pension insurance management, as reported by companies and pension providers in their profit and loss accounts, as well as from expenses arising from insurance acquisition and administration. The review also reports on the management expenses of investment operations to the degree that this is possible, considering the limitations of the information available. Due to said limitations, a comparison between countries concerning the total administrative expenses, in other words the combined operating expenses and management expenses deriving from investment operations, is not sufficiently comprehensive. Information on the administrative expenses of different countries are mainly based on the statistics, accounting and budget information of actors in the social insurance field of each country, as well as on various official reports. Where occupational pensions are concerned, the information has primarily been gathered from the annual reports of pension companies and providers in the occupational pension sector and from the statistics and publications of the supervisory authority in each country. Figures directly requested from the authorities of the different countries, or similar interest organisations, have also been used as sources. Figure 1 presents the operating expenses of statutory and occupational pension schemes of the participating countries, listed per member. By members is meant the total number of insured and pensioners per scheme. By summing up the scheme-specific expenses, we have formed a representative case that depicts the administrative expenses of a person who is simultaneously a member of the different schemes. In this review, the Finnish earnings-related pension scheme has been classified as an occupational pension scheme, and the national pension scheme as statutory, in order to facilitate comparability. The administrative expenses of voluntary occupational pensions in Finland are not included in the below figure. Due to the marginal scope, there is no real basis for including them in the depiction of an example case typical of the country. The administrative expenses of voluntary occupational pensions have been presented in a separate appendix. Figure 1. The operating expenses of statutory schemes and occupational schemes, per member.


Abstract. Benefiting from the advantage of weather and illumination independence, less processing data and shorter data time span, spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar technology has certain potential in building 3D reconstruction and urban DSM reconstruction because of its sensitivity to height. However, the phase mixture in the building layover area makes it difficult to realize the accurate building height reconstruction. Therefore, an interferometry model of high-rise buildings was established by comprehensively analyzing the relationship between building structure, scattering mechanisms, and the geometry of interferometric imaging. At the same time, a model-based height estimation method was proposed for high-rise buildings with complex structures and mixed layover interferometric phase. The established interferometry models of buildings are the basis of the height estimation, which reveals the phase mixing mechanism, phase variation characteristics, and the relationship between phase and height. Further, based on the established model, the characteristics and difference of the mixed layover interferometric phase and the pure facade interferometric phase can be obtained. Then, based on these characteristics and by detection of the facade-only imaging area, the pure facade interferometric phase can be recovered from the mixed layover interferometric phase, and the building facade height can be reconstructed by the conversion between phase and height. A pair of TerraSAR-X data located in Harbin city, China was used for experiment and the results show that the height estimation algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively obtain the building height and the DSM in urban area, and for the results of building heights, the average absolute error is within 2 m and the root mean square error is between 2 and 4 m.


Until quite recently the only numerically import ant migration into Great Britain was from Ireland, and the two papers (Hess and Macdonald, 1954; Brett, 1958) published since 1945 on tuberculosis in immigrants dealt mainly with tuberculosis in Irish immigrants to one section of London. The City of Birmingham, with a population of just over 1,100,000 has many inhabitants who are not natives of the city; most have come from other parts of England, but there has also been for many years a steady immigration of Irish, and for a rather shorter period a number of Indians and Pakistanis and a consider able influx of West Indians. With this varied popula tion and a unified tuberculosis service, it seemed appropriate to undertake at least a preliminary study of tuberculosis in immigrants in Birmingham. It was accordingly arranged that tuberculosis visitors should routinely ascertain the place of birth of every person notified as suffering from tuberculosis in Birmingham on and after January 1, 1956. From the information so obtained it has been possible to tabulate the place of birth, age, and sex of persons notified during the years 1956-57. It was apparent from a preliminary tabulation of the 1956 notifications that two immigrant groups, Irish and Asian born, were large enough to justify further study. The case-records of as many as possible of these patients were therefore studied to extract further information concerning date of entry to this country, type of disease, and bacteriological state. Although the cases of tuberculosis among West Indians were not numerous their records were similarly analysed, using both 1956 and 1957 cases to increase the size of the group. Place of birth was selected as the criterion for study because the Census reports give sub-divisions of population by place of birth, and the census information is used as the basis for estimating the Irish born population of Birmingham, and for one estimate of the Asian born. For a second estimate of the Asian population and the only available estimate of the West Indian born population, we are indebted to Mr. A. Gibbs, Liaison Officer for Coloured People, City of Birmingham.


With the teaching reform in universities and colleges,network curriculum constructs rapidly. The paper reviews the general theory and principle to establish network autonomous learning model on the course of environmental impact assessment,and analyzes the individual characteristics and problems about the curriculum,and concludes some practical experiences and methods: the richness of teaching resources,the "Concept Mapping Method",case teaching and the use of task- driven evaluation mechanisms. In the end,the paper points out that environmental impact assessment is on the way to establish " Autonomous Construction" effective network learning model.


Most reconngurable multi-fpga architectures have a programmable interconnection network that can be reconngured to implement diierent interconnection patterns between the fpgas and memory devices on the board. Partitioning tools for such architectures must produce the necessary pin-assignments and interconnect connguration stream that correctly implement the partitioned design. We call this process Interconnect Synthesis for reconngurable architectures. In this paper, we present an interconnection synthesis technique that is independent of the target reconng-urable architecture. We have developed an automatic interconnect synthesis tool that is based on Boolean satissability. The target interconnection architecture is modeled in an architecture speciication language. The desired interconnections among the fpgas are speciied as in the form of a netlist. The tool automatically generates the pin-assignments and the required values for the connguration-inputs in the architecture speciication. We modeled several reconngurable architectures and performed interconnect synthesis for varying number of desired nets. We provide experimental results that demonstrate the eeectiveness of the interconnection synthesis technique.


While alternative solutions are now acceptable in building projects, you must ensure that the one you choose, or are provided with, actually complies with legislative requirements. Andrew Golle explains.


PURPOSE/BACKGROUND
While various techniques have been developed to assess the postural control system, little is known about the relationship between single leg static and functional balance. The purpose of the current study was to determine the relationship between the performance measures of several single leg postural stability tests.

METHODS
Forty six recreationally active college students (17 males, 29 females, 21±3 yrs, 173±10 cm) performed six single leg tests in a counterbalanced order: 1) Firm Surface-Eyes Open, 2) Firm Surface-Eyes Closed, 3) Multiaxial Surface-Eyes Open, 4) Multiaxial Surface-Eyes Closed, 5) Star Excursion Balance Test (posterior medial reach), 6) Single leg Hop-Stabilization Test. Bivariate correlations were conducted between the six outcome variables.

RESULTS
Mild to moderate correlations existed between the static tests. No significant correlations existed involving either of the functional tests.

CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that while performance of static balance tasks are mildly to moderately related, they appear to be unrelated to functional reaching or hopping movements, supporting the utilization of a battery of tests to determine overall postural control performance.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3b.


PLATIMO is a photonic devices micro-components integration unit set up by the CEA-LETI in the Optronics Department thanks to a contribution of the Rhone-Alpes region. The aim of PLATIMO is to propose to industrial and institutional designers a partnership with the knowledge, experience, and necessary automated equipment to speed up the prototyping process and to develop automated assembly solution. To illustrate the capabilities of PLATIMO, we present two very different realisations using the optobonder. The first realisation is a microchip laser assembling with pick-and-place components. The second realisation is an 8-channel V-groove assembling to a planar waveguide splitter by active alignment.


Introduction: Domestic violence is that caused by a family member who lives with the victim or has an emotional relationship with her, being identified as a risk factor for various health problems for women, both physical and mental. Objective: Search for the meaning of the experience of domestic violence in women with mental disorders. Method: Qualitative and cross-sectional study, in which 50 women were interviewed during the period they were hospitalized for psychiatric treatment. Results and Discussions: The situation of domestic violence was found in 88% of the interviewed patients; 61.36% suffered physical aggression; in 70.45% of the cases the aggressor was the husband; and 52.27% witnessed another family member also being a victim of domestic violence. Conclusion: Factors such as social vulnerability, emotional dependence, alcoholism and chemical dependence appear to be associated with the dynamics of victims of domestic violence.


Abstract Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a common form of digestive tract malformation in children. However, the pathogenesis of HD is not very clear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of slit guidance ligand 2 (Slit2) and roundabout 1 (Robo1) in patients with HD. From January 2018 to January 2019, 30 colon specimens from children with HD undergoing surgical resection at the Department of Surgery in Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University were obtained. These specimens were divided into the normal segment group, the transitional segment group and the spastic segment group. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure the expression of Slit2 and Robo1 in the intestinal walls of normal, transitional, and spastic segments. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses showed high levels of the Slit2 and Robo1 proteins in normal ganglion cells in children with HD, lower levels in transitional ganglion cells, and no expression in spastic segments, with significant differences between groups (P < .05). Similarly, the real-time polymerase chain reaction results were consistent with the Western blot analysis results. The expression of Slit2 and Robo1 decreases significantly in the spastic segment of the intestinal tract in patients with HD.


The volume includes the proceedings and extended abstracts of
the majority of lectures and posters presented at the 15th
Conference on Upper Tertiary, held on May 31, 2007 in Brno and
organized by the Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of
Science, Masaryk University Brno in cooperation with the Brno
branch of the Czech Geological Survey.


Forty second-generation Euro-American, and 40 Chinese-American children were drawn from well-educated two-parent families in the suburban Chicago area and 40 Chinese children were drawn from a similar population in Taipei, Taiwan (10 preschool girls, 10 preschool boys, 10 kindergarten girls, and 10 kindergarten boys in each group). Chinese-American and Taiwan-Chinese children outperformed Euro-American children on measures of mathematics, spatial relations, and numeral formation. Chinese-American parents gave more formal, direct mathematics instruction, structured their child's time to a greater degree, and reported more encouragement for mathematics-related activities than did Euro-American parents. A path analysis using Eccles' (1993) model of academic motivation showed that ethnicity, parents' child-specific beliefs, and parents' work-oriented practices directly predicted mathematics-related outcomes.


Aim This study planned to determine:( 1) the behavioral intention or profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the stages of the change model, and( 2) to explore the perceived facilitators and barriers of self-management (SM) in a sample of Iranian patients with T2DM. Methods This was a mixed method study, accomplished in two phases. In the quantitative phase, 246 subjects with T2DM participated. They were classified according to items such as regular use of blood-glucose-lowering drugs, having a healthy diet and performing physical activity to pre-action and action groups. Socio-demographic and anthropometric information were collected, and a phenomenological qualitative study was conducted, and data collection continued until saturation achieved by 10 subjects in pre-action and 12 subjects in action groups. Four focus group discussions in the field of SM were accomplished. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative data was conducted by the SPSS and MAXQDA software, respectively. Results The mean age and duration of illness among the subjects were 53.9±7.1 and 6.9±4.9 years, respectively. The barriers of SM in action and pre-action stages were as follows: lower socio-economic status, poor performance of treatment team, physical-intellectual factors and lack of planning to change. The facilitators stated in the pre-action and action stage in the field of SM were satisfaction from treatment, planning, belief in diabetes, treatment team's support, nutritional knowledge, and religious beliefs. Conclusion This study indicated facilitator and barrier factors in SM based on TTM in action and pre-action groups. Healthcare professionals should consider these findings to improve the patients' outcomes.


The Thebaid, with all its faults, deserves more attention than it generally receives in these days; it is something more than a desirable quarry for 'unseens.' Its exegesis is in a very backward state, quite unworthy of modern scholarship. It is almost a hundred years since the last explanatory edition was published, and the commentators on Statius have, as a rule, been more remarkable for their learning than for their discernment. Before the appearance of the Oxford edition and the latest Teubner recension the materials for the establishment of the text were very defective; and in spite of the valuable labours of Messrs. Garrod and Klotz (to say nothing of other contemporary scholars), the Thebaid still offers considerable scope for the textual critic. The MSS. present many puzzles; it must also be confessed that in not a few places the work of scholars in the last century (amongst them the youthful Lachmann) has done more harm than good. The following notes on Book II., whatever their value, may perhaps help to call attention to the need for more labourers in a promising field.


To investigate prolapse symptoms and objectively measured pelvic organ prolapse, 12 years after childbirth, and association with delivery mode history.


This paper examines the essential features of man and life as portrayed via Yu Hua's literary eyes, their literary truth, and the reservoir of the artistic affection inherent in his novels, basing on the following three works: Shouting in the Drizzling Rain, Life, and A Story of Mr. Xu San-guan's Selling Blood. The itinerary of his novels develops according to the following three tracks: 1) beginning from deep sympathy towards man who, on the one hand, is imprisoned by himself, and who, on the other, is gradually forgotten with the passage of time (Shouting in the Drizzling Rain, Life); 2) transcending the limit of mundane reality through remembrance and moving toward magnanimous human spirit to the extent of becoming one with life, while embracing one's given fate(Life); 3) transcending the limit as imprisoned being by himself while, at the same time, being sublated as the subject who comes under a yoke on other's behalf. (A Story of Mr. Xu San-guan's Selling Blood) His literary devices on time and remembrance as employed in the 1990s novels show striking similarities with literature and philosophy of Marcel Proust and Bergson, while the part portraying the being imprisoned by oneself and the redemptive subject, with the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. Yu Hua conveys these themes effectively through the narrative technique generating depressed sorrow in form of bright laughter, and through his balanced vision and insight of life which could only be obtained when life is seen in its wholeness. At the depth of the novels' artistic excellence lies in his firm conviction and expectation towards the human potentiality and life's transcendency. Meanwhile, there exists the author's belief that literature should concern elegance, truth, eternity, and hope. Based on the aforementioned literary features, the reader comes to share with the author the deep sympathy toward man and life, together with the possibility of transcendence from human bondage.


The Christian figure of the Virgin Mary, first introduced as Jesus' mother in the Bible, has since been repeatedly reinterpreted in various roles and imagery through her incorporation into different cultures. This project analyses the historical adoption and adaptation of Mary among Christian converts in Japan, from the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in 1549 to the end of the Tokugawa era in the nineteenth century. An examination of doctrinal prayers, the rosary, and Marian iconography within Japan illustrates Mary's role as the Mother of God and compassionate intercessor for early Japanese Christians. Moreover, their affinity for Mary enabled Christianity to endure centuries of religious oppression under the Tokugawa shogunate as the hidden believers accommodated Mary within preexisting Buddhist traditions and Japanese customs. In studying the primacy of Mary and her roles within Japanese Christianity, this research explains a main reason behind the religion's survival in early modern Japan.


The design and implementation of the digital signal processing (DSP) subsystem for the analog mode (FM) of a programmable IS-54 dual-mode base station product are described. This station can process analog FM or time division multiple access (TDMA) signals by alternately executing the corresponding software on the same hardware platform. The described subsystem relies on DSP algorithms for all functions of the analog mode, including voice processing, data framing and synchronization, frequency shift keying (FSK), FM modulation and demodulation, and supervisory audio tone (SAT) generation and detection.


This paper presents an effective integration method of multiple modalities such as depth, color, and reflectance for place categorization. To achieve better performance with integrated multi-modalities, we introduce a novel descriptor, local N-ary patterns (LTP), which can perform robust discrimination of place categorization. In this paper, the LNP descriptor is applied to a combination of two modalities, i.e. depth and reflectance, provided by a laser range finder. However, the LNP descriptor can be easily extended to a larger number of modalities. The proposed LNP describes relationships between the multi-modal values of pixels and their neighboring pixels. Since we consider the multi-modal relationship, our proposed method clearly demonstrates more effective classification results than using individual modalities. We carried out experiments with the Kyushu University Indoor Semantic Place Dataset, which is publicly available. This data-set is composed of five indoor categories: corridors, kitchens, laboratories, study rooms, and offices. We confirmed that our proposed method outperforms previous uni-modal descriptors. Graphical Abstract


The responses of four strains of Tribolium castaneuni (Herbst), namely, AYTC, ABTC, ZZTC, and JSTC, with vanous levels of resistance to phosphme were compared by usmg the standard FAOmethod and by measunng the time to knockdown. LCso values of the four strams , as measured by the FAO test, (20h exposure) were 1.50, 0.05, 0.01 and o 008 mglL. The last of these was the response of susceptible reference stram Time to knockdown (KT so ) was consistent WIth LCso values obtained with the FAO assay. Since the FAO method IS labonous, and the results are available only after more than two weeks' exposure of the insects to phosphme , a test based on time to knockdown was developed m this study. There was a positive linear correlation between the logLCso and the logKTso values. ThIS provided results on the same day so that decisions on phosphine dosage, exposure time, and strategies of phosphine resistance management ean be made


Аннотация. В статье проводится анализ политики ЕС по борьбе с нелегальной миграцией в условиях современного миграционного кризиса. Данный кризис подтолкнул ЕС к оптимизации и интеграции всех Summary. The paper reviews the current EU policy on irregular migration under the influence of refugee crisis. This crisis urged the EU to streamline and consolidate all the available legal, political and administrative tools to reach the synergy effect in the management of immigration flows into the EU. However the main weakness of the EU approach appears to be the dependence on the opportunities and interests of the third countries (of origin and transit of irregular migrants) to cooperate effectively with the EU institutions and Member-states in such key spheres as fight against migrant smuggling, security of external borders, implementation of readmission agreements, asylum policy. The author evaluates the state of progress on the main Mediterranean migration routes since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2014, analyses some recent EU initiatives, particularly the EU NAVFOR MED Operation Sophia and the new Partnership Framework with third countries under the European Agenda on Migration. In conclusion, the author attempts to assess the effects of these


We present an algorithm for converting from the boundary representation of a solid to the corresponding octree model. The algorithm utilizes an efficient new connected components labeling technique. A novelty of the method is the demonstration that all processing can be performed directly on linear quad and octree encodings. We illustrate the use of the algorithm by an application to geometric mine modeling and verify its performance by analysis and practical experiments.


Shifting means (30) for a motor vehicle gear mechanism (16), the shifting device (30) having: at least one clutch means (34), gear mechanism gear (16) can be prepared by at least one clutch means (34) engagement and disengagement; actuator means (40), the actuator means (40) with the clutch means (34) coupled to transmission means (46) by a first force; parking lock means (50) , the parking lock device (50) transmitting means (56) and actuator means (40) coupled by a second force, wherein the actuator means (40) can be moved to the parking lock position (P) parking lock device (50) is activated in the parking lock position (P), wherein the actuator means (40) configured thereon to the parking lock position (P) of travel and / or in at transmission means (46) into engagement with the gear when the lock position (P) by the first force. Here, the first force transmission means (46) having a decoupling device (58), the disconnection means (58) configured even when the clutch means (34) remain the actuator means (40) is moved to the parking lock lock position (P).


By means of the investigation it is turned out that there are four kinds of predatory bug in wolfberry woods.They are D.punctulatus Fallen?C.diversicornis Reuter?A. pilosus Jakovlev and O. minutus Linnaeus.They all can live on A.sp.Gossypii?P.sinica Yang et Li.D.punctulatus Fallen is the most one in number and prefers damp environment.It can predate P.sinicaYang et L 15 a day in lab.The function response of D punctulatus Fallen was tested a model is Na=0.327Nt/1+0.3428Nt.


Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are a part of a complex metabolic disease process requiring a multi-faceted and multidisciplinary management approach. This study was conducted to identify areas where medical education across a multidisciplinary team could be optimized in providing optimal care of patients with NAFLD/NASH. Methods A survey instrument including a patient case vignette was developed to understand approaches of US clinicians to diagnosis and management of patients with NAFLD/NASH. The survey was fielded via email in December 2020–January 2021. Analysis was conducted using embedded Qualtrics analytic software. Results There were 629 survey respondents: 318 PCPs, including physicians, NPs, and PAs, 57 hepatologists, 156 gastroenterologists, and 98 endocrinologists. Survey results demonstrated variation in likelihood to screen patients for NAFLD/NASH among specialists and PCPs as well as in the types of clinicians that respondents would involve in the initial management of a patient diagnosed with NASH. Notably, between 15% and 33% across respondent clinician types would not include any other clinicians or medical specialists in initial management. For a patient with newly diagnosed NASH, the most likely initial management recommendations included drug therapy to improve control of diabetes and therapy to lower lipids and were less likely to recommend drug therapy for weight loss, drug therapy for NASH, or bariatric surgery. Respondents rated "poor patient adherence to lifestyle modifications" and "lack of approved therapies for NASH" as the most significant barriers to optimal management of patients with NASH. Conclusion Variation in the evaluation and management of patients with NAFLD/NASH across PCPs and medical subspecialists was identified in this study. Education aimed at multidisciplinary roles in optimally managing patients with NAFLD/NASH, can be beneficial, particularly if focused on increasing screening, implementing guideline updates as they emerge, and incorporating new therapies as they gain approval for clinical practice.


6074Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have demonstrated success in solid tumors. In gynecologic cancers (GC), the response rate is still low (~10-15%) except in MSI-H endometrial cance...


Understanding the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of rocks that have undergone freeze-thaw cycling is of great significance for the use of AE technology to monitor the stability of rock masses in cold regions. A series of freeze-thaw cycling experiments and triaxial compression AE tests of granite samples were performed. The results show that, with an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, the P-wave velocity and peak AE intensity of granite show a substantial downward trend. The AE ringing counts during triaxial compression can be divided into three stages: abrupt period, calm period, and failure period. The overall change of the characteristic AE signal of granite samples that underwent different freeze-thaw cycles is the same. The AE signal during the destruction of granite occurs in clear dual dominant frequency bands. The peak frequency increases with increasing load time, and this trend becomes less clear as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases. Overall, the peak frequency distribution tends to change from high to low with an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles. The results provide basic data for rock mass stability monitoring and prediction, which is of great significance for engineering construction and management in cold regions.