Aim:To investigate the possibility of using stealth liposomes(SL) modified with transferrin(Tf) as a targeting carrier to increase the accumulation of doxorubicin(DOX) in tumor and hence enhance intracellular delivery of the encapsulated DOX.Methods:Liposomes containing DOX were prepared by film dispersion followed by ammonium sulfate gradient method.Tf-DOX-SL were prepared by binding free amino groups of Tf to carboxylic groups of DSPE-PEG2000-COOH.The entrapment efficiency of Tf-DOX-SL was determined by Sephadex G-50-UV.The average concentration of Tf conjugated to the liposomes was determined with a bicinchonic acid(BCA) protein assay.Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were performed to evaluate the cellular association or uptake of Tf-DOX-SL or DOX-SL in vitro.Cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells in vitro was evaluated with MTT methods.Results:The results revealed that the mean size of the liposomes was(62±17) nm and the entrapment efficiency was about 96.4%.The coupling efficiency was 100.28 μg Tf/μmol phospholipids.The liposomes showed good shape,sustained-release rate and good stability.The cells treated with Tf-DOX-SL showed remarkable increase in cellular association or DOX uptake if compared to DOX-SL.48 h Cytotoxicity assay showed that cytotoxicity of Tf-DOX-SL on HepG2 cells(IC50=20.4 μmol/L) was markedly less than that of DOX-SL(IC 50=166.2 μmol/L)(P0.01).Conclusion:The Tf-modified SL could be a targeting carrier to facilitate the delivery of the encapsulated DOX into the tumor cells via receptor-mediated mechanism.


Nuclear receptor coactivator PRIP (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPARγ)-interacting protein) appears to serve as a linker between cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP/p300)anchored and PBP (PPARγ-binding protein)-anchored coactivator complexes involved in the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Disruption of PRIP and PBP genes results in embryonic lethality between embryonic day 11.5 and 12.5 (postcoitum), indicating that PRIP and PBP are essential and nonredundant coactivators. Both PRIP and PBP were initially identified as PPARγ coactivators, suggesting a role for these molecules in PPARγ-induced adipogenesis. PBP–/– mouse embryonic fibroblasts fail to exhibit PPARγ-stimulated adipogenesis indicating that PBP is a downstream regulator of PPARγ-mediated adipogenesis. We now show that PRIP–/– mouse embryonic fibroblasts are also refractory to PPARγ-stimulated adipogenesis and fail to express adipogenic marker aP2, a PPARγ-responsive gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal reduced association in PRIP–/– cells of PIMT (PRIP-binding protein) and PBP with aP2 gene promoter, suggesting that PRIP is required for the linking of CBP/p300-anchored cofactor complex with PBP-anchored mediator complex. These data indicate that PRIP, like PBP, is a downstream regulator of PPARγ-mediated adipogenesis and that both these coactivators are required for the successful completion of adipogenic program.


Smart networks are a research topic that is currently of great interest both in the academic community and in the business sector, within smart networks today you can find microgrid, nanogrid, and picogrid without it has been possible to define a standard that differentiates them; It is necessary to investigate more thoroughly in these topics and train professionals to support the research and development processes around them. To achieve this, some institutes, research centers, and universities are advancing assemblies in the laboratory for their studies. This work is framed within the development of a pilot micro-network laboratory that can work isolated or interconnected, implemented at the Universidad del Valle. This article presents a particular case of a nanogrid-part of the microgrid under development at Universidad del Valle-with the initial objective of investigating problems associated with non-interconnected systems, applicable to the Colombian context. Details of the design of the nanogrid are presented where the use of an Etap-Real Time software is considered, allowing monitoring, real-time management, simulation, and prediction integral. In particular, for the case in hand, details of the study are shown considering the flows in DC and AC, contrasted in a simulation with Etap-Real Time versus operational data of the nanogrid.


PurposeThis paper proposes a research model in which work engagement (WE) mediates the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and internal marketing (IM) simultaneously on customer-oriented boundary-spanning behavior (COBSB).Design/methodology/approachThe study deploys structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine data acquired from 355 frontline bank employees (FBE) of private banks.FindingsThe findings of this study demonstrate that both FBE's perceptions of CSR and IM are positively related to their WE, proposing that adding CSR practices to existing IM programs is likely to boost anticipated employee work attitudes such as WE, which consecutively increase positive employee job outcomes such as COBSB. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by conceptually and empirically gauging CSR and IM practices simultaneously in the banking sector.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by investigating the relationship between CSR and IM to COBSB via WE in frontline service roles in the retail banking sector.


The present invention relates to a production method for an aerogel laminate that has a support and a 200 μm or thinner aerogel layer that is provided upon the support, the production method being provided with a step for cleaning a wet-gel laminate, which has a support and a wet-gel layer that is provided upon the support, by means of a roll-to-roll system.


When it comes to academic literature, a cursory survey of titles reveals that one constant in discussions of men and masculinities is change. Segal's (1993) Slow Motion: Changing Men, Changing Masculinities was already raising the issue of change in relation to men and masculinities over thirty years ago. Interest in the subject, however has intensified since the early 2000s, with hooks' (2004) The Will to Change: Men, Masculinity and Love, Hidaka's (2010) Salaryman Masculinity: Continuity and Change in Hegemonic Masculinity in Japan, Seidler's (2006) Transforming Masculinities, Roberts' (2013) Young Working-Class Men in Transition as well as his (2015) edited Debating Modern Masculinities: Change, Continuity, Crisis?, Anderson's (2009) Inclusive Masculinity: The Changing Nature of Masculinities, and, recently, Luyt and Starck's (2022) Masculine Power and Gender Equality: Masculinities as Change Agents to name just a few. Even before this organisations such as Achilles Heel in the UK (see Seidler, 1991) and the women's liberation movement (see, for instance, Hanisch, 1969) were foregrounding the issue as important. Articles in recent issues of NORMA, too, have focused on the question of 'newer' forms of masculinity as well as central questions around what change is desirable and possible (Christofidou, 2021; Roberts, Elliott, & Ralph, 2021; Wolfman, Hearn, & Yeadon-Lee, 2021). The number of articles which deal with the issue of changes in the performance and charactertisation of masculinity and the position and performances of men, are innumerably larger (see, for example, Duncanson, 2015; Ratele, 2014; Ratele, 2015; Segal, 1993) and expanding this out to even those which do not include change in the title, the corpus of literature becomes unmanageable. There are essentially three aspects to this debate, revolving around theoretical, ethical and empirical considerations. The first concerns theories around if and why men change. CSMM, via Connell, has been indebted to a specific idea of hegemony, rooted in Gramscian notions of culture as something which is flexible and related to, but to a certain extent independent of, economic forces. Whilst Marx was notoriously economist in his approach to culture, Gramsci's (1971) revisions emphasised the independence of the so-called superstructure from the base, observing that culture could shape political influence and subsequently economic power rather than simply the reverse. For Connell, the promise of hegemony for theorising change was one of the key dynamics which hegemony offered over sex role theory which failed to grapple with the question (Demetriou, 2001, p. 339). Connell notes specifically that "I stress that hegemonic masculinity embodies 'a currently accepted strategy'. When conditions for the defence of patriarchy change, the bases of dominance of a particular masculinity are eroded...Hegemony then, is a historically mobile relation" (Connell, 1995, 77 emphasis added). Alongside these more structural approaches were, of course, poststructuralist critiques of gender and identity, more broadly, as malleable and fluid, which emphasised notions of gender as in flux, contextually variable and as changing over time (e.g. Beasley, 2008; Butler, 1997, 2008; Halberstam, 1998; West & Zimmerman, 1987). This suggested that change itself, is the de facto state of gender and societies more generally. There is also the question of where change emanates from and which men are perceived to have changed. Elliott (2020) and Roberts (2015) argue that change is almost always presumed to


Objective To study the expression of sialic acid in carcinoma of uterine cervix and its relationship with the clinical features. Methods We used biotinylated Jacalin, a special binding lectin of sialic acid, to stain sialic acid in cervical cancer cells by means of lectin\|histochemical technique. The expression of sialic acid was investigated using image analysis system objectively and quantitatively. Results The expression of sialic acid in non\|carcinoma cells could not be detected, the staining intensity indexes of biotinylated Jacalin cervical cancer cells were high significantly in the patients with metastasis, poor cell differentiation, advanced stages ( P 0.01,respectively), or poor prognosis( P 0.05),but were not related to the pathological type( P 0.05). Conclusion The expression of sialic acid in human cervical carcinoma could be used as a marker of malignancy potential as well as a marker of poor prognosis.


Using non-relativistic effective theories, new next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to the total $$t{\bar t}$$ production cross section at the Linear Collider have been calculated recently. In this article the NNLO calculations of several groups are compared and the remaining uncertainties are discussed. The theoretical prospects for an accurate determination of top quark mass parameters are discussed in detail. An outlook on possible future improvements is given.


This study applies remote sensing technology combined with Markov Process to monitor and forecast the dynamic change of forest resource in Chinese Loess Plateau. At first, according to the dynamic change maps of the forest resource from remote sensing data in three different phases–1978、1987 and 2000, the transitions among the forest resource types in the Daning County ---a key pilot area of " the Three North Protection Forest Project " in Chinese Loess Plateau are acquired by combining the different remote sensing information sources during those different phases. Then, the transition probability matrices at the two primary states (1978 and 1987) are established accordingly. Based on the transition probability matrices, we can simulate and forecast the forest dynamic transformation pattern and the forest-transforming tendency in the future periods. The results of the research prove that, this method is worth widely popularized, by which the conditions of the forest resources can be monitored and the dynamic change tendency of the forest resources can be forecasted simply and quickly so as to explore a scientific, rational and effective way to rectify the territory of China, improve the ecological environment and promote the development of national economy.


The study looks at the relative deprivation of children using a normative deprivation index which has developed by Townsend (1979), Mack and Lansley (1985, 1992), Hallerod (1994) and Gordon et al. (2000). The index shows the traditions of underscores items the lack of which would constitute poverty eventually. Unlike these studies, the present study does not measure the head count ratio rather exploring the dynamics of this normative construction of deprivation in terms of demographic and socio-economic variables. The data for this study come from a sample survey of 61 respondents, 29 males and 32 females, from Dhanmondi in 2008. The normative deprivation index for Dhanmondi shows that 18 items out of 23 appear significant at the level of alpha=.01 in inter-item total correlation and more than 50 percent of respondents perceive their absence as constituting poverty. More than 90 percent respondents agree on the importance of 8 items: (i) three meals a day, (ii) Meat, fish or vegetarian equivalent at least once a day, (iii) Warm/properly fitted shoes; (iv) All required school uniform, (v) Sufficient baby milk (0-10), (vi) Toys (0-10) and (vii) At least 4 pairs of trousers (11-17) viii) Play with peer group at least once a week.


In this paper, the authors present theoretical and observational evidence that low-latitude unstable coronal holes may be, in some circumstances, the source of widespread interplanetary shocks and of the consequent geomagnetic perturbations. They also reanalyze here the shock events tracked by interplanetary scintillation in the study of Hewish and Bravo (1986), which produced the sudden commencement of a geomagnetic storm, in terms of an altenative flare, disappearing filament, or coronal hole eruption origin. The main conclusion of this study is that there are good reasons to consider coronal holes as sources of shock type interplanetary disturbances and that more effort should be made to monitor coronal holes continuously in search of evidence of large short-time changes in their structure and physical conditions.


This research aims to analyze financial performance based on the financial report data to help the investors and the future investors in making investment decision in a certain company. The ratio used to analyze financial report consists of Earning Per Share (EPS), Price Earnings Ratio (PER), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Equity (ROE), and Price to Book Value (PBV). The research was conducted in PT XL Axiata Tbk. and PT Indosat Tbk. through the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.idx.com). This research type used quantitative descriptive analysis technique. The research results of PT XL Axiata Tbk. if seen from the ratio of Earning Per Share (EPS), Price Earning Ratio (PER), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Equity (ROE), and Price to Book Value (PBV), show that the performance is poor. However, if seen from the ratio of Price to Book Value (PBV), the performance is quite good. In PT Indosat Tbk., if seen from the ratio of Earning Per Share (EPS), Price Earning Ratio (PER), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), the performance is quite good. On the contrary, if seen from the ratio of Return On Equity (ROE) and Price to Book Value (PBV), the performance is poor. Both PT XL Axiata Tbk. and PT Indosat Tbk. are expected to be able to improve their financial performance so that the investors are more interested in investing their money to the aforementioned companies especially in generating net profit, earning per share, and increasing the equity to pay the debt.


The article analyzes the engineering and geological conditions of the right bank, which is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, of the Oka River. Calculation schemes have been compiled to perform calculations of the total static stability of the slope for two calculated cases in the existing natural state and taking into account the water saturation of the water-bearing rocks, the boundaries of the landslide zone for various cases have been determined. The article identifies possible risks, analyzes the main models of the behavior of the soil base taking into account negative factors, calculates the stability of soil massifs using various known methods. The geometric scheme of the computational model was built on transverse profiles. The width of the calculated area was chosen in such a way that there were no changes in the stress-strain state of the array due to the introduction of artificial boundary conditions along the edges of the finite element grid. The method of calculating stability based on numerical modeling programs by reducing strength characteristics has a number of advantages over the traditionally used methods of calculating stability based on the equations of limiting equilibrium. Based on the results of calculations, the boundaries of the landslide zone for various cases were determined by the method of circular cylindrical sliding surfaces (SAM). A potential landslide zone has been identified, including residential development. Based on the calculations performed, it is proposed to provide alternative measures to ensure the safety of buildings falling into a landslide zone to ensure reliable fastening and minimal impact on the existing slope.


The spatial and temporal fish species assemblages were analyzed in the Koprucay River Estuary. Fish were sampled monthly by different nets from October 2006 and March 2008. A total of 2419 individuals distributed in 12 families and 23 species were collected. The most numerically abundant species were Mugil cephalus (32,9%) and Liza aurata (17,4%). The fish comprised 11 freshwater, 9 marine, 1 estuarine and 2 migrant. Evenness and diversity index showed a consistent seasonal pattern. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that salinity correlated with the seasonal pattern in the fish assemblage. Key words: Community composition, Salinity, Estuary, Koprucay River, Mediterranean


Recent debates about rising crime on the one hand and the purported deterioration of values and norms implicitly refer to two kinds of coordination mechanisms. Crime is supposed to be a consequence of deficient material incentives in the form of detection and formal sanctions. Values and norms are related to immaterial incentives caused by informal social supervision, such as feelings of shame or loss of reputation, and by feelings of guilt or repentance, caused by the personal conviction that one ought to behave otherwise. This paper investigates the relationship between rising crime and other breaches of norms on the one hand and the deterioration of both material and immaterial incentives on the other hand by way of a simple rational choice model.


A new method based on optimal voltage sag monitoring program is proposed to locate any type of fault on the transmission line when only voltage sag data are available.Firstly a 0-1 linear programming-based model is built to solve the problem of optimization allocation.The object of the optimization model is to minimize the number of the monitoring buses and the key constraint is to guarantee the observability of the whole system considering any type of fault(balanced or unbalanced).Then based on the optimal monitoring program,the fault position and faulted transmission line are estimated by implementing the least squares method.In this estimation,only the voltage sag magnitudes recorded at the limited optimal monitoring buses are available measurements.The performance of the proposed method is illustrated in an IEEE 39-bus test system,and the validity of the method is testified.


The implementation methods of computer aided design, drawing and drawing management for plate cutting-machine are discussed. The system structure for plate cutting-machine design is put forward firstly, then some key technologies and their implementation methods are introduced, which include the structure management of graphics, the unification of graph and design calculation, information share of part, assemble and drawing management system, and movement simulation of key components.


SECTION 1 METHODOLOGY AND MODELING Hydrogeochemical modeling to predict subsurface transport, Dave A. McIntosh Transport of reactive solute in soil and groundwater, Sjoerd E.A.T.M. van der Zee Modeling of diffuse-source nitrate transport beneath grazed leguminous pastures, Peter J. Dillon and William E. Kelly Modeling point sources of groundwater contamination: a review and case study, G. B. Davis and R. B. Salama Representative sampling of groundwater from boreholes, C. Barber and G. B. Davis Modeling N and P loads on surface and groundwater due to land use, C. F. Hopstaken and E. F. W. Ruijgh Interactive modeling of groundwater contamination: visualization and intelligent user interfaces, Kurt Fedra, Hans Jorg Diersch and Frank Harig Modeling contaminant transport and biodegradation in groundwater, Hanadi S. Rifai and Philip B. Bedient In situ detection of contaminant plumes in groundwater by remote spectroscopy, W. Rudolf Seitz SECTION 2 CASE STUDIES Nitrates in groundwater in the southeastern USA, R. K. Hubbard and J. M. Sheridan Residual soil nitrate after application of nitrogen fertilizer to crops, Jacques J. Neeteson Effect of crops and fertilization of crops and fertilization regimes on the leaching of solutes in an irrigated soil, A. Feigin and J. Halevy Groundwater pollution in Australian regional aquifers, G. Jacobson and J. E. Lau Groundwater contamination from municipal landfills in the USA, W. R. Roy Aqueous behavior of elements in a flue gas desulfurization sludge disposal site, Dhanpat Rai, John M. Zachara, Dean A. Moore and Ishwar P. Murarka Subsurface movement of polychlorinated biphenyls, Thomas E. Hemminger and Benjamin J. Mason Index


A quantitative evaluation method is proposed to evaluate the planning scheme of the road network system of a local earthquake area by using the minimal path set, rational path set and considering the block and failure dependency. A numerical example shows that the approach presented in this paper is not only feasible but also easy for practical application.


This Paper argues that the institutional framework is as much important as the economic factors in explaining the economic and investment outcomes in Algeria. Moreover, the paper discusses the failure of many informal institutions to follow the path of the formal institutions' change, which resulted in poor performance of the reform policies. The paper argues that the Algerian authorities have to put more efforts into changing informal constraints if the reform policies are to lead significantly enhanced economic performance.


AIMS
LMNA-linked Familial Partial Lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) leads to insulin resistance-associated metabolic complications and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to characterise the disease phenotype in a cohort of patients carrying an LMNA founder variant.

METHODS
We collected clinical and biological data from patients carrying the monoallelic or biallelic LMNA p.(Thr655Asnfs*49) variant (n=65 and 13, respectively) and 19 non-affected relative controls followed-up in Reunion Island Lipodystrophy Competence Centre, France.

RESULTS
Two-thirds of patients with FPLD2 (n=51) and one-third of controls (n=6) displayed lipodystrophy and/or lean or android morphotype (p=0.02). Although age and body mass index (BMI) were not statistically different between the two groups, the insulin resistance index (median HOMA-IR 3.7 vs 1.5, p=0.001), and the prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were much higher in patients with FPLD2 (51.3 vs 15.8%, 83.3 vs 42.1%, and 83.1 vs 33.3% (all p≤0.01), respectively). Atherosclerosis tended to be more frequent in patients with FPLD2 (p=0.07). Compared to heterozygous, homozygous patients displayed more severe lipoatrophy and metabolic alterations (lower BMI, fat mass, leptin and adiponectin, and higher triglycerides p≤0.03), and tended to develop diabetes more frequently, and earlier (p=0.09). Dilated cardiomyopathy and/or rhythm/conduction disturbances were the hallmark of the disease in homozygous patients, leading to death in 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONS
The level of expression of the LMNA 'Reunionese' variant determines the severity of both lipoatrophy and metabolic complications. It also modulates the cardiac phenotype, from atherosclerosis to severe cardiomyopathy, highlighting the need for careful cardiac follow-up in affected patients.


We provide field identification characters and report on the natural history of mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in Cairns, Darwin, Derby and Broome, northern Australia. Nine species in four genera are recorded (Boleophthalmus birdsongi, B. caeruleomaculatus, Periophthalmodon freycineti, Periophthalmus argentilineatus, P. darwini, P. minutus, P. novaeguineaensis, P. takita and Scartelaos histophorus). The intertidal zonation of mudskippers conforms to previously reported patterns, but subtle differences in habitat preference are observed at both intraspecific and intrageneric levels, underlining the need for in-depth investigation of habitat selection by mudskippers. Although most species inhabit littoral mudflats, some show possible habitat expansion: juvenile Periophthalmodon freycineti are found occasionally in pools on a sandy shore, and a population of Periophthalmus minutus is found to be established in a marginal mangrove habitat (a salt flat behind a pioneer mangrove assemblage). Burrow confinement during high tide is confirmed for both species of Boleophthalmus, two Periophthalmus (P. minutus and P. novaeguineaensis) and Scartelaos, but not for Periophthalmodon or the other Periophthalmus species. Territory formation is described for S. histophorus.


Protein glycosylation as one of the most common covalent posttranslations has a significant effect on the structure and functions of proteins. It is essential to decipher the rules of glycosylation before a full comprehension of the diverse functions of proteins could be obtained. The characteristics of glycosylation poses a tremendous challenge to related analysis. As a part of the undergoing proteomics glycosylation research mainly focus on two disciplines i.e. enrichment of glycoproteins/glycopeptides and identification of glycoproteins/location of glycosylated sites. Some related methods have been used in the sense of proteomics but each is far to mature. Proteomics related techniques with bio-mass spectrometry in its core are in a precess developing all along. Methods based on laws of glycosylation for glycoproteins/glycopeptides enrichment and detection are emerging and representing for a attractive direction. The newly introduced mobile proton model about gas-phase fragmentation and ECD technique for peptide/protein ion fragmentation may have a dramatic impact on the research in protein posttranslations including glycosylation. Advancement in glycosylation will help to understand complex life system with the concept of genome-proteome-glycome and lead to a more essential comprehension


This paper demonstrates how aesthetic engagement can encourage empathy and caring in the art classroom. As artful inquiry, this hybrid form of arts-based educational research and teacher research examines my own classroom practice and pedagogy exploring how aesthetics can become a philosophy of care. Part 1 outlines the Living Compositions Exercise, an introductory activity students play to introduce the concepts of space, relationship, and care, and a discussion on how this is an aesthetic experience that encourages empathy. Part 2, Inquiry into Piazza, addresses how student inquiry, artistic critique, and dialogue can lead to self-formation through art. The outcome of aesthetic engagement here is to promote empathetic response and action, which is manifested through the living inquiry of the students.


of males. Female patients who went on to normal puberty after transplant were significantly younger at transplantation than those who experienced delayed puberty (median age 2.5 vs . 8.7 years). Fertility was preserved in 9 of 27 females aged 20 years or older and 2 other patients became pregnant following oocyte donation. In addition to patient's age and higher serum ferritin levels at transplantation, time elapsed since transplant was significantly associated with decreased height growth in multivariate analysis. Weight growth increased after transplantation particularly in females, 36% of adults being overweight at last evaluation. A comprehensive long-term monitoring, especially of endocrine late effects, is required after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia.


The conventional observation data and NCEP global reanalysis data were used to analyze a heavy rainfall on 4~5th August 2010 in the coastal areas of western Liaoning.We found that the extra-low level of souther jet stream provided the main water vapor for the heavy rainfall.Low level of souther jet stream caused the convective instability of the lower atmosphere,and provided the conditions for the strong convection.The high level of west-wind jet stream caused the symmetric instability of the upper atmosphere,prompting the convection to the high altitude.Secondary circumfluence excited by jet stream coupling at both high and low levels kept strong upward motion for the maintenance of the heavy rain.


Identification of compounds and acetone extract activity from P. crocatum red shrimp has been done using phytochemical testing and Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The extraction begins with maseration using an acetone solvent and then the solvent is moved using an evaporator. Identification of extract function groups using the IR and GC-MS spectrum, as well as the toxicity test of the extract was carried out against the 48-hour Artemia salina Leach shrimp larva. The identification results showed the presence of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and steroids supported by GC-MS data and IR spectrum that indicated the existence of OH groups, C=O esters, C=O ketones, C=C olephins, C=C aromatic, C-O ester, and aliphatic CH. The results of probit analysis (LC50) showed that the acetone extract was highly toxic (LC50 0-100 μg/mL) to Artemia salina Leach with LC50 value of 2.4520 ppm.


: Background: This study evaluation the trend of HTN in population of Isfehan who are above 18 years. Current study measured the trend of HTN, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the rate of patients awareness, treatment and control of HTN. Methods: This study consists of 4 cross sectional surveys which have been performed in 1991, 1993, 1997 and 2000. All 4 surveys measured the trend of HTN, the rate of awareness, treatment and control of HTN in patients. All studies were cross-sectional. The health supplier went to patients home and invited them to refer to HTN clinic of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. When data were collected, they were given to computer and analyzed using SPSS by t-test. Findings: The trend of HTN has decreased since 1999 to 2000 (31.8% in 1991 and 17.5% in 2000) but this trend hasn't significantly decreased in population, also the trend of HTN between sexes had no significant differences (P>0.05). The mean systolic and diastolic BP of both male and female hypertensive patients have been significantly decreased since 1991 to 2000. Percentile patient's awareness, treatment of HTN, and control of HTN have increased from 46%, 23% and 2.8% to 50%, 33.9% and 12% since 1991 to2000 respectively. Women controlled their hypertension better than men (16.5% in women and 6.5% in men) Discussion: Considering decreasing of HTN, and the mean systolic and  diastolic BP, it is essential to design and implement proper community-based intervention for primary and secondary prevention of HTN. The decreasing trend of HTN, mean systolicand diastolic BP and the increasing trend of patients' awareness of treatment, and control of HTN, are helpful to develop this process by these mechanisms. Considering the high trend of HTN among patients above 60 years it is essential to implement more effective methods to control their HTN.


Abstract : An engineering research evaluation of two proposed integral weight and balance systems for the CH-47 Chinook Helicopter was conducted to determine the feasibility of such systems. The primary function of the systems is to accurately predict the aircraft gross weight and center of gravity location along with cargo hook load. The evaluation of these systems was conducted at Edwards Air Force Base, California, by the US Army Aviation Test Activity. The systems were tested throughout the entire envelope of allowable gross weight and center of gravity for the CH-47A aircraft. The testing consisted of determining the effects of rotor rpm, terrain, wind and control position, for various loading configurations, upon the indicated values of gross weight and center of gravity for the STAN and STOW weight and balance systems. Also, evaluated were the problems of installation and calibration of the systems, repeatability, reliability, and compatibility with other systems. Both systems performed reasonably well with the helicopter in a static mode (rotors not turning).


9550 Background: Many pts treated with ICIs can discontinue treatment and experience ongoing disease control and toxicity. We previously proposed a novel outcome, TFS, as the time between ICI therapy cessation and subsequent therapy initiation or death, with integrated graphical analysis to better characterize the unique effects of ICIs (ASCO 2018 #9531). In the CheckMate 067 and 069 trials of ipilimumab (IPI) and nivolumab (NIVO) alone or in combination (NIVO+IPI) in pts with MEL, the 36-month restricted mean TFS was 8.7, 4.6 and 11.1 mo, respectively. We explored the sensitivity of TFS to be informative of overall survival (OS) differences through subgroup analysis. Methods: Data from MEL pts in the CheckMate 067 and 069 trials were pooled and analyzed. TFS was defined as the area between the Kaplan-Meier curves for two endpoints, from randomization: (A) time to ICI therapy cessation; and (B) time to subsequent therapy initiation or death. TFS was estimated by restricted mean survival time until 36 mo since randomization. Differences in restricted mean TFS between subgroups of pts (such as PD-L1 status, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], performance status [PS], gender) were calculated with bootstrapped 95% CIs. OS from randomization was also estimated. Results: Among 407 pts treated with NIVO+IPI, restricted mean TFS ranged from 8-13 mo across subgroups (Table). Subgroup differences in mean TFS were larger for prognostic factors LDH and PS and smaller in non-prognostic PD-L1 status and gender subgroups. Conclusions: Clinically meaningful TFS was seen across all subgroups. TFS was sensitive to prognostic subgroup differences. These results provide further support for TFS as a relevant clinical endpoint. Additional subgroups and comparisons with single agent NIVO and IPI arms will be presented at the meeting. [Table: see text]


In this note we consider measures on a left coset space G/H, where G is a locally compact group and H is a closed subgroup. We assume the natural topology in G/H and we denote the generic element of this space by xH (x∈G). Every element t∈G defines a homeomorphism of G/H given by t(xH) = (tx)H. A. Weil showed that a Baire measure on G/H invariant under all these homeomorphisms can exist only if Δ(ξ) = δ(ξ) for each ξ ∈ H, where Δ(x), δ(ξ) denote the modular functions in G, H [6, pp. 42–45]. We shall devote our investigations to inherited measures on G/H (cf. [3] and the definition below) invariant under homeomorphisms belonging to a normal and closed subgroup T ⊂ G.


Tourism has developed into an industry with a powerful momentum of development in the world today. With the development of information technology, information has become a powerful driving force to promote the prosperity and development of the tourism industry and the entire society. The introduction of the tourism information system can significantly improve the service level, operation level, and management level of the tourism industry, thereby accelerating tourism development. The research of this article is to help villages establish a set of MVC-based rural tourism information service systems that can promote the development of rural tourism. First of all, this article conducts demand research on tourists, rural scenic spots, and ancient villages to discover the problems in rural tourism development. Secondly, this paper combines the problems existing in constructing the various subsystems of the rural tourism information system, combined with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In this paper, we propose the rural tourism system architecture based on MVC. The system architecture consists of the user layer, service layer, business layer, and data layer. It describes the system's implementation process from two aspects: the system's interface design and its deployment model. Finally, the network topology structure of the rural tourism information service system based on MVC is drawn. Finally, the system's deployment is implemented according to the network topology structure.


To seek with less conditions to determine the relationship of functions,the uniqueness problem of the meromorphic functions in the angle domain sharing three values was discussed. It established the relationship of the characteristic function S( r,f) and the counting function C( r,f),sequentially extended the uniqueness of meromorphic functions sharing three values in the whole complex plane by H. Ueda's and the four-value theorem in an angular domain by Zhang Qing-cai,got the three-value theorem in an angular domain.


Since the pioneering papers of M. Rosenblatt [28] and E. Parzen [25] numerous publications dealing with nonparametric density estimation have appeared in the mathematical statistical literature. Unfortunately, at the present time, nonparametric density estimation is only used extensively by a few applied statisticians. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale behind the construction of these estimates, and how they can be implemented. We shall concentrate on only three methods for density estimation and omit several other promising techniques. In Section 2, we discuss the most widely used estimate of the probability density, the histogram, describing its history and its construction. We also indicate why the conventional histogram may often be an unsatisfactory estimate of the probability density function and how it is related to the new nonparametric density estimation techniques. Section 3 introduces the kernel type density estimates and includes a discussion of some of the properties of these estimates. In Section 4 we briefly trace the history of Fourier series and explore their use for nonparametric density estimation. In Section 5 methods for implementing these estimates are briefly discussed.


The space charge effect in the presence of sextupole resonance was studied using the lattice of the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) low-energy booster. The multiparticle tracking was performed with a self-consistent charge distribution. When there are synchrotron oscillations, a slight emittance growth is observed, which differs from the result of nonself-consistent tracking. However, this growth cannot be caused by repeated crossing of resonances due to a sectupole field in dipoles. the tracking result has shown that the emittance dilution of the whole beam should be considered instead of the amplitude growth of some particular particles.<<ETX>>


The small-signal theory of the beam traveling-wave tube has been worked out. The equations predict three forward waves, one increasing and two attenuated, and one backward wave which is little affected by the electron stream. The waves are partly electromagnetic and partly disturbance in the electron stream. The dependence of the wave propagation coefficients on voltage, current, circuit loss, and the other properties of the transmission mode which propagates energy and the cut-off transmission modes is given. Expressions for gain and noise figure and an estimate of power output are given. Appendix A gives an expression for the field in a uniform transmission system due to impressed current (as, of an electron stream) in terms of the parameters of the transmission modes. Appendix B calculates the propagation constant and the field for unit power flow for the gravest mode of a helical transmission system.


In the practice of leading China's reform and opening to the outside world and constructing socialism modernization,Jiang Zemin holds high the great banner of Marxism-Leninism、Mao Zedong thought and Deng Xiaoping theory,which has enriched and developed theoretical thinking of Marxist Theory,proposed innovative concept of theoretical thought,promoted the sign of maturation of the Party,and come up with scientific methods of cultivating creative theory thinking ability.Additionally,he has applied the creative theoretical thinking to series of major problems'research related to our country's economy,politics,culture and social development,forming the newest achievements of Marxism in China which takes the "Three Represents" as the sign.


Abstract BACKGROUND: There is currently no curative therapy for recurrent/refractory MB. Novel approaches to MB include immunotherapy, such as targeting the immune checkpoint molecule B7-H3. B7-H3 is implicated in tumor metastasis and is highly expressed in MB. This study explores the effects of genetically knocking down B7-H3 in a murine model of recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma. METHODS: Murine MB cells were transduced with a CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus to create a B7-H3 knockout. Knockout population was sorted twice via FACS by the AECOM flow cytometry CORE and confirmed by western blot and flow cytometry. Three healthy clones were used in subsequent studies, and compared to the wild type and the scramble control. IncuCyte live imaging technology was used to evaluate spheroid growth. Matrigel Boyden chambers were used to evaluate migration. Bulk RNA-seq was performed by the Yale University Core. RESULTS: B7-H3 knockout was successful in the murine MB model. Morphological differences were noted in the B7-H3 knockout cells. Spheroid formation assays show one of the clones with statistically slower growth kinetics compared to controls. Migration results are pending. RNA seq revealed similar clustering amongst knockouts, separate from controls with an enrichment in genes of morphologic development, WNT signaling and amoeboid migration. CONCLUSIONS: The morphologic changes in the B7-H3 knockouts suggest a potential growth differential. Although in vitro growth assays have shown mixed results regarding the effect of knocking out B7-H3 in spheroid formation, B7-H3 has been more directly implicated in migration and immune signaling. If migration is impaired, this will suggest that B7-H3 enhances malignant and metastatic potential in MB. Functional in vivo immune studies in syngeneic mice will investigate immune mediated effects of B7-H3 knockout in this tumor. If our studies support a role for B7-H3 in the development of MB, it may have important clinical implications, particularly for relapsed patients.


Bridgehead Azides, 4. — Note on the Preparation of Bridgehead Amines by Reduction of Bridgehead Azides

Catalytic hydrogenation of readily available bridgehead azides gives high yields of the corresponding bridgehead amines.


Model peptides containing one aromatic residue were synthesized and characterized in order to investigate their interactions with polynucleotides. Chromatographically pure block oligopeptides (L‐alysyl)m‐(L‐alanyl)n‐ L‐tyrosyl‐ (L‐alanyl)n, with n = 3 and m=3 or 6, were prepared by fragments condensation using the mixed anhydride method. The protected fragments were prepared by stepwise addition of amino acid residues through the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method. The purity of the intermediate coupling product was analyzed by gradient elution chromotography on carboxylmethylcellulose. Both block oligopeptides were isolated by preparative chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. The different features of these syntheses are discussed.


Morphological studies of a series of propylene/ethylene sequential polymers have been carried out by permanganic etching and transmission electron microscopy, as an aid to characterization, in conjunction with differential scanning calorimetry. The materials were synthesized using a titanium-based catalyst, with propylene and either ethylene or ethylene/propylene mixture introduced successively, with the aim of examining whether a proportion of block copolymer is obtained. These materials show a complicated phase structure which does not simply reflect polymerization time but varies greatly, especially in regard to the order of introduction of the monomers, and their morphology differs in a number of ways from that of typical commercial materials. Comparison of the materials, as synthesized and after extraction with heptane, suggests that there is a certain amount of material which can compatibilize polypropylene- and ethylene-rich phases, but it was not possible to decide whether it does in fact have block structure.


A year ago "Using 3D CAD as a tool to integrate topics across the curriculum" was presented at this forum. That paper discussed the ambitious goal of integrating a 3D CAD tool, primarily IronCADTM , across the curriculum. Integration is continuing, beginning in the freshman year, through the undergraduate program, and into the graduate program. The major challenge presented in the reference paper was to encourage both students and faculty to take the first step to utilize the software in their classes and class work, thereby leveraging the advantages of this powerful and highly visual CAD system. Subsequently, the intent was to encourage widespread use of solid modeling, not only in CAD-based classes requiring creation of technical geometry and/or engineering drawings, but also in other technical classes, non-technical classes or any exercises, requiring tools for geometry, display, animation, and/or web content creation. Based on the initial 4-year plan, ultimate success will be indicated when solid modeling use among faculty and students becomes as ubiquitous as spreadsheet use is now. This paper constitutes a follow-up report on the continuation of that initial effort and documents examples of both faculty and student integration of modeling-based projects. A faculty survey performed in Fall 2001 indicated strong Purdue University MET faculty support for the direction previously set forth. Of the six CAD software packages surveyed, two packages indicated an increased future utilization, while four indicated decreased future utilization in Purdue University's MET department. Examples of this 3D CAD integration using solid modeling will include formal and informal class projects and extracurricular activities, as well as the development and final outputs of a number of open-ended design projects spanning from freshman through graduate level. Other examples include the modeling and animated operation of mechanical assemblies such as an arbor press and a rack mounted stereo system; an independent study team project to develop a BattlebotTM robot; experimental mechanics team projects to develop indestructible football goal posts and to rapidly design, analyze, and visualize stresses in a combined stress experiment; industrial internship projects; a project involving metalcasting design optimization involving metal stream shrouding in pouring large high-alloy steel castings. Two additional courses have had students utilize solid modeling as a result of this effort and these efforts are summarized. Introduction: The process of CAD integration was begun at the freshman level with a second semester course entitled MET 102, Production design & Specifications (PD&S). Now in the fourth semester of use, IronCADTM has seen success in a multitude of projects, both in a variety of class assignments and wholly student initiated applications. As such solid modeling has now migrated into a number of other undergraduate and graduate courses and is well on the way to integration across the whole curriculum. Examples of ways students and faculty are utilizing this powerful tool are discussed below. P ge 7.055.1 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright " 2002, American Society for Engineering Education To monitor this CAD integration process, a survey was assembled and emailed to all Purdue University MET faculty members in September, 2001 by one of the authors. The CAD software packages included in the survey included: IronCADTM, AutoCADTM , Pro/E, Solid-EdgeTM , Solid-WorksTM , and CatiaTM . This survey requested input on the faculty member's overall interest level in CAD software relative to their teaching and/or applied research, their present specific CAD software utilization, their future anticipated CAD utilization, any corporate interest in specific CAD software packages expressed to the faculty member, and requested their input relative to which CAD software packages they would recommend if we had to choose two. The number of faculty indicating a "strong interest" was 15 out of 37. Of these "strongly interested" 15 respondents, 60% indicated a desire to utilize IronCADTM, 25% indicated a desire to utilize Pro/EngineerTM and 25% indicated a desire to utilize AutoCADTM in their future teaching and applied research. The results of this survey show an increasing future interest in both IronCADTM and Pro/EngineerTM, with a declining future interest in the other four CAD software packages included in the survey. PD&D Course Applications Production Design & Specifications is the second in a two-course sequence on CAD applications and is normally taken the second semester of the freshman year. It is schedule early in the plan of study so that the techniques and knowledge learned can be applied to all subsequent courses as required. The prerequisite to PD&S, offered as a service course by another department, teaches students the rudimentary operational skills of solid modeling. Following that PD&S serves as the core course where students learn to use CAD to apply tolerances, fits, and other design intent specifications in exercises that require construction of CAD models crossing a variety of disciplines and manufacturing processes. These include, castings, weldments, sheet metal parts (flat pattern development) and a variety of machined parts. Because of the prerequisite IronCADTM-based course using a standard textbook, when they enter PD&D, it is assumed that they know the basics of model creation and extraction of engineering drawings from the models. While completing the series of increasingly more complex models, students learn how to calculate tolerancing (inch & metric), allowances, limits calculations, geometric dimensioning & tolerancing and fits based on ANSI and ISO standards. They also learn to apply and document open-ended design modifications based on change orders, cost constraints, requirement for use of standard parts (fasteners, bearings, gears, etc.) and adherence to the ISO preferred number system. Figures 1 depicts examples of models generated by students in PD&S and others done independently by students for assignments in other classes. These models are described below start from the upper left corner and proceed clockwise: An assembled motor mount used as the final design stage in a PD&S project. After completion of the models, calculating fits, specifying standard parts, resolving a series of engineering change orders, and generating complete engineering drawings, students must animate the parts to simulate the assembly and operation process.


Abstract Christian religious educators are charged with teaching the practice of loving as Jesus did—transforming broken relationships and enacting radical, life-giving ways of being with and for one another. Redefining some of the sensibilities of "clown ministry" of earlier decades, the author presents clowning as a critical pedagogy that "tutors" (Pruyser 1983) learners to embody prophetic imagination, thereby approximating God's new creation. The article explores experiences of students clowning led by the author. In mimicking "fools for Christ," they surprise themselves and those they meet by loving. Their experiences are analyzed through interdisciplinary perspectives, drawing on D.W. Winnicott, Walter Brueggemann, Maria Harris, Paulo Freire, and others.


The northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus is the best-known beaked whale species, but its conservation status remains very uncertain. A medium-sized cetacean that lives in the deeper waters of the northern North Atlantic, it is remarkable for its deep dives and inquisitiveness towards ships. There seem to have been of the order of 100 000 whales prior to 40 yr of intense whaling beginning in the 1880s, and this population was undoubtedly heavily reduced by 1920. The effects of a second phase of whaling between 1937 and 1973 are con- tentious, and current abundance estimates are patchy. There are suggestions of metapopulation structure (even at the scale of 50 km) in the western Atlantic among populations that do not appear to migrate. In the eastern Atlantic, data on population structure and migrations are few and confusing. Whales are incidentally caught in fishing gear and interact with fisheries off Labrador, Canada. They may also be affected by underwater noise. However, the population con- sequences of these and other anthropogenic stressors, particularly within this unknown metapop- ulation structure, are very uncertain. In some respects, such as the paucity of sightings on major whaling grounds off mainland Norway and Labrador, the picture that we have is disturbing. Analyses of genes, contaminants and vocalizations, as well as photoidentification and satellite tag data, can inform about population structure, migrations, life history parameters, current popula- tion sizes, and threats.


Rodolfo Stavenhagen's 1965 essay critical of seven theses about Latin America challenged the way social scientists thought about the region's political economy and history. Serialized for a popular audience in the Mexico City daily El Día on June 25 and 26, 1965, it questioned the prevailing assumption among North American political economists and in Eurocentric thought that "modernization" through capitalist development could solve Latin America's persistent backwardness and underdevelopment. It also reflected thinking among a younger generation of progressive intellectuals who questioned the thesis that backwardness in the region was a consequence of feudalism or semifeudalism, instead attributing it to the capitalist development of underdevelopment through the imperialist relationship between rich and poor nations in the world economy and to dependent relationships involving wealth and poverty between regions within Latin American countries. According to the modernization perspective, the diffusion of capitalism would allow less-developed countries to overcome their poverty and marginalization within world markets; if they "joined" the world economy by lowering trade and investment barriers and invited in foreign corporations to stimulate consumption and transfer technology they would over time recapitulate the historical stages of industrialization in the developed countries and become developed themselves. The principal insight of dependency theorists was that Latin American countries were in fact not isolated from the world economy and not stuck at an earlier stage on the path to industrialization but fully integrated into world markets, their poverty since the colonial period being the result not of isolation but of their structural relationship to the richer countries that were their trading partners. The dependency perspective viewed Latin American countries as occupying a peripheral position, dependent in the world economy, in which their role was to provide raw materials to the advanced capitalist nations. In the colonial period this subordination was ordained by the rules governing their trade with the colonial powers. By the twentieth century, however, it was a result of unfavorable terms of trade: since


The purpose of scientific writing is to implement software-based interactive game that supports network communication using socketchannel and Graphics2D Java as the main builder of the application object. Writing method used is to study literature and supported by experimental trial of the writer's own initiative. Hopefully, with applications made this game can add to the treasury will be games and eliminate the tedium of routine life. The conclusion that can be drawn is that other programming languages like Java can deliver a good user interface and support for many network communication and is often used by people.


Artemia is a small crustacean that adapted to live in brine water and has been
seen in different brine water sources in Iran. Considering the importance of
genetic studies manifest inter population differences in species, to estimate
genetic structure, detect difference at molecular level and separate different
Artemia populations of Iran, also study of phylogenic relationships among them,
samples of Artemia were collected from nine region: Urmia lake in West
Azerbaijan, Shoor and Inche-Borun lakes in Golestan, Hoze-Soltan and Namak
lakes in Qom, Maharloo and Bakhteghan lakes in Fars, Nough pool in Kerman
and Mighan pool in Markazi and DNA extracted by phenol-chloroform method.
Primers designed on a ribosomal fragment (16s rRNA) of mt DNA sequence and
PCR was done. Digestion of the 1566 bp segment PCR product by 10 restriction
endonuclease (Alu I, EcoR I, Eco47 I, Hae III, Hind III, Hinf I, Mbo I, Msp I,
Rsa I, TaqI) showed 25 different haplotypes: 9 in Urmia, 4 in Shoor and Inche-
Borun, 1 in Namak and Hoze-Soltan, 3 in Mighan, 1 in Bakhtegan Maharlo, 3 in
Maharloo and 4 in Nough. Measurement of haplotype and nucleotide diversity
intra population and nucleotide diversity and divergence inter populations and
evolutionary distance between haplotypes showed a high diversity in
mitochondrial genome of Artemia in studied regions whose results are similar to
those explained for highly geographic expansion organism. In addition, results
showed considerable heterogeneity between different populations and there are
enough evidences in haplotypic level for separation of studied samples and
division of Iranian Artemia to seven populations including Urmia, Shoor and
Inche-Borun, Hoze-Soltan and Namak, Maharloo, Bakhteghan, Nough and
Mighan. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA data set resulted strict
consensus and neighbor joining distance trees, demonstrated that all samples
were monophyletic and parthenogenetic form derivation from bisexual
populations and genetically high resemblance to those of A. urmiana. Study of
270 specimens from different region showed the genus Artemia in Iran clustered
into three clades including: 1- Shoor, Inche-Burun, Hoze-Soltan, Namak,
Bakhtegan and Maharloo 2- Nough and Mighan 3- Urmia. Totally, obtained
results indicated to ability of used techniques for study of inter species diversity,
population structure, reveal of phylogenic relationship and dividing of different
populations of Artemia in Iran.


This article depicts four Nordic cases from the field of Vocational Teacher Education. The aim of the article is to compare statements, challenges and values that form vocational teacher programmes ...


PERCEPTIONS OF VIOLENCE IN A FORMER SLUM IN BRAZIL: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION By Amir Qaddomi June 2010 Director: Sloane Burke, PhD, CHES Major Department: DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION Background: This qualitative study focused on violence as perceived by residents of the slum (favela) of Vila Nova located in the outskirts of Brasilia, the capital of Brazil. At the time of this study, Vila Nova had existed for approximately 20 years, its underpriviledged residents having come to Brasilia from other states in search of a better life for their families. The researcher conducted a focus group interview in 2008 that revealed residents of the favela lived in a constant state of alert and fear due to the emergence of violence. Objective: The aim of this study was to gain insight into violence as a shared concern among Vila Nova residents. The researcher sought to explore the question, What is the lived experience of violence among underpriviledged residents of the favela of Vila Nova in Brasilia, Brazil? Methodology: The researcher used a qualitative research methodology informed by a phenomenological approach to inquire about the shared experiences of violence as perceived by residents of Vila Nova. The method of qualitative inquiry was appropriate for this study as the researcher sought to elicit the meaning that favela residents associated with the violence they perceived and experienced. Consistent with a phenomenological approach, the researcher conducted in-depth, open-ended interviews with eleven favela residents in an effort to understand their points of view, how they related to the phenomenon of violence, and the meanings that such violence held for them. Results: Data collected as a result of this study provided a rich description of what it meant to live in Vila Nova and the meaning that violence held for participants. Themes that emerged from the interviews were: feeling vulnerable, concern for children's future, contributing factors to violence, and discrimination against the community. Participants' coping strategies included remaining silent; self-imposed isolation; avoidance of going out during night hours; talking to children; prohibiting children from playing in the neighborhood, adapting to one's surroundings, and having faith in a supreme being as a source of protection. Conclusion: Vila Nova residents learned to adapt to violence since they perceived no other alternative to improving life conditions in the near future. Further research should address coping mechanisms to violence among impoverished and vulnerable populations especially when states are not present. PERCEPTIONS OF VIOLENCE IN A FORMER SLUM IN BRAZIL: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION A Thesis Presented To The Faculty of the Department of Health Education and Promotion East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Amir Qaddomi June 2010 ©Copyright 2010 Amir Qaddomi PERCEPTIONS OF VIOLENCE IN A FORMER SLUM IN BRAZIL: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION by Amir Qaddomi APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: _____________________________________________________ Sloane C. Burke, Ph.D., CHES COMMITTEE MEMBER: _____________________________________________________ Stephanie Jilcott, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: _____________________________________________________ Hans H. Johnson, Ed.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: ______________________________________________________ Sharon M. Knight, Ph.D., R.N. CHAIR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION __________________________________________________ Sharon M. Knight, Ph.D., R.N. DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCOOL: _____________________________________________ Paul J. Gemperline, Ph.D.


In this paper we derive guaranteed gain, sector, and disk margins for nonlinear optimal and inverse optimal regulators that minimize a nonlinear-nonquadratic performance criterion involving cross-weighting terms. Specically, sucient conditions thatguaranteegain,sector,anddiskmarginsaregivenintermsofthestate,control,andcross-weightingnonlinear-nonquadratic weighting functions. The proposed results provide a generalization of the \meaningful" inverse optimal nonlinear regulator stability margins as well as the classical linear-quadratic optimal regulator gain and phase margins. c 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This paper presents Historef, a tool for automating edit history refactoring on Eclipse IDE for Java programs. The aim of our history refactorings is to improve the understandability and/or usability of the history without changing its whole effect. Historef enables us to apply history refactorings to the recorded edit history in the middle of the source code editing process by a developer. By using our integrated tool, developers can commit the refactored edits into underlying SCM repository after applying edit history refactorings so that they are easy to manage their changes based on the performed edits.


2014 In the case of plates and shells, we give the distribution of membrane forces, moments and shear forces as functions of polar coordinates. Path-independant integrals are given to determine the intensity factors. Then we study a fracture criterion for cracked bidimensional structures. REVUE DE PHYSIQUE APPLIQUÉE TOME 9, JUILLET 1974, PAGE


We are witnessing the birth of the digital enterprise, in which many of the enterprise operations will be performed by independent software programs or by programs acting on behalf of humans. Although this automation proved to be efficient for many enterprises, the digital infrastructure can become difficult to manage in the presence of large, distributed systems composed of heterogenous agents. The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA for short) is becoming a de-facto standard paradigm for the design of the new generation of enterprise systems. It expresses a perspective of software architecture that defines the use of loosely coupled software services to support the requirements of the business processes and software users. In such an environment, resources are made available as independent services that can be accessed without knowledge of their underlying platform implementation.
It is the conventional wisdom—to which we subscribe—that open enterprise systems can be tamed, thus made more manageable and more secure, by regulating the interaction between their disparate actors (software components, and people); that is, by subjecting such interactions to explicitly stated and enforced constraints, often called policies.
The effectiveness of the current approaches is limited due to their failure to address several needs inherent in modern enterprises. We identified the following requirements that a regulatory mechanism has to offer support for: (i) the required expressive power of policies, (ii) the multiplicity of enterprise policies, and their inherently hierarchical organization, and (iii) the scalability of the formulation of policies and of their enforcement.
The objectives of this thesis are to design a comprehensive regulatory mechanism for enterprise systems, which meets the challenges outlined above and to construct a prototype of this mechanism. We call this mechanism ARM, for "A Regulatory Mechanism," (noting that one of the dictionary definition of the word "arm'' is "power or authority'' as in "long arm of the law''). The implementation of ARM will employ the distributed coordination and control mechanism called Law-Governed Interaction (LGI). This mechanism already features some of the capabilities required to meet our challenges, including its high expressive power, and decentralized enforcement of policies (called "laws" under LGI).


Progressive edema and tissue swelling after large anterior circulation stroke are the leading cause of death in malignant infarction.1–3 The formation of rapidly accumulating cerebral edema after infarction compromises arterial inflow to surrounding tissue, culminating in further ischemic damage, enlargement of the infarct, herniation, and death. Despite the great morbidity and mortality that are a direct consequence of brain swelling, novel approaches to the prevention of cerebral edema have …


It introduces the application of the underground continuous wall and the merits and defaults of it,analyses the common problems in the construction of underground continuous wall and the generating reasons,and puts forward the preventing and management steps,to accumulate the construction experiences of the underground continuous wall.


BACKGROUND
The magnitude of malnutrition in the Parkinson's disease (PD) population has yet to be accurately quantified.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of malnourished and those at risk of malnutrition in Iranian PD patients with a matched control group using the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and anthropometric measurements.

METHODS
Nutritional status was evaluated in 143 Iranian PD patients (case group) and 145 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) using the validated Persian version of the MNA. Individuals suffering from chronic comorbidities influencing nutritional state (hypertension and diabetes), following special diets and those with cognitive impairment were excluded. Using the MNA, a total score of <17 indicated malnutrition and scores of 17-23.5 signified cases at risk for malnutrition.

RESULTS
The mean of total MNA score was not significantly different between two study groups [24.4 (SD = 3.8) in controls vs. 25.1 (SD = 3.4) in PD patients; P = 0.094]. Three (2.1%) PD patients were suffering from malnutrition and another 37 (25.9%) were at risk of malnutrition; while in control group similar feature was observed (2.0% malnourished and 35.2% at risk of malnutrition; P = 0.228). The mean of calf circumference (CC) was significantly lower in PD patients [34.9 (SD = 3.8) cm vs. 36.0 (SD = 5.1) cm; P = 0.046].

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate the same nutritional status among mild to moderate PD patients compared with healthy controls. However, more than a quarter of the PD population was found to be at risk of malnutrition necessitating more attention towards nutritional assessment in PD.


There are several different types of microarray technologies, such as DNA microarray, protein microarray, cell microarray, tissue microarray, and so on, based on what are immobilized on the microarray chips and what are to be detected. This review is divided into five sections. The first section provides a brief introduction. In the second section, we describe these various types of microarray technologies in terms of their principles and summarize their potential applications. Among these technologies, DNA microarray technology is the best developed and has been used extensively in a wide range of applications related to medicinal plants. So, the following sections will focus on the DNA microarray technologies. In the third section, various applications of DNA microarray technology in medicinal plant research are reviewed, hoping to give the readers ideas of using this technology. The fourth section describes practical protocol of using DNA microarray technology, particularly the usage of cDNA microarray. Last, we discuss the limitation of microarray technologies and the future directions.

Keywords:

DNA microarray;
protein microarray;
small molecule microarray;
cell microarray;
tissue microarray


This paper investigates the connectedness between China's economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and the geopolitical risk (GPR) of the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) using quantile time‐varying parameter vector autoregression. The empirical results indicate that China's EPU becomes a net risk transmitter at the median quantile, demonstrating that ASEAN countries' GPR is vulnerable to China's economic shocks. Furthermore, extreme events such as COVID‐19 amplify the connection between EPU and GPR, leading to a higher total connectedness index value. Moreover, the pairwise spillover effect analysis reflects that the risk launcher effect of China's EPU is longer and more prominent for Thailand and the Philippines than for Malaysia and Indonesia, which enriches the hypothesis. The contributions are as follows. This paper selects emerging China as the research object and first discusses its economic influence on neighbouring countries. In addition, fully analysing the heterogeneous spillover effects of EPU on the GPR of different countries makes our suggestions diversified and practical. Therefore, improving recognisable ability and institutional quality will promote ASEAN countries to mitigate their vulnerability to China's EPU shocks. Meanwhile, China's government should quickly respond to external uncertainties, prudently adjust economic policies, and avoid large swings of EPU volatility.


E-commerce has been developed from the tools of new information technologies, which allows trade relations extend beyond the territory of a State, due to the economic phenomenon of globalization, giving the quality of e-commerce border, which arises from the conclusion of an e-contract that gives peace of mind to consumers on the Internet. However, such relationships can lead to conflicts with the purchase of the product or service, perhaps, for not meeting consumer needs or perhaps, be a defective product. Under this, the solutions generated by computer dispute or so-called ODR - Online Dispute Resolution, for the sole purpose of resolving conflicts generated by e-commerce relationships, based on Alternative Dispute Resolution - ADR- with the technological component that benefits the parties are in different territories.


The wingless chironomid Belgica antarctica Jacobs has the southernmost distribution of any Dipteran known at present. It is of particular interest to a population geneticist because some of the environments in which it lives are biotically amongst the most simple to be found in nature. In such simple and rigorous environments it might be expected that inversion polymorphism would be at a minimum to enable free recombination and hence retain genetic plasticity. With the kind co-operation of Dr. J. L. Gressitt of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii, larvae of this species, collected by R. E. and T. S. Leech at the Gonzales Videla Base on the Danco Coast of the Palmer Peninsular in Antarctica, were made available for study in this laboratory. This most "peripheral" population is at 64?49' S latitude in an area frozen during winter and where even in summer the temperature is rarely above freezing. The plant life in the area comprises only algae, lichens and mosses, while springtails and mites are the only other free-living arthropods (Gressitt, 1961; Gressitt and Leech, 1961). In this simple environment B. antarctica goes through one generation a year. The larvae live in pools caused by melting snow and develop to the final instar before the pools freeze in early March. In this stage they overwinter near the soil surface. They pupate during late November and the adults are about from late December to late January. The adults live in the moss and under debris on rocks, becoming active when the rocks warm up by absorbing the sunlight. When mating, the adults form "accumulations" of from 5,000-6,000 individuals which float on the surface of the water (Torres, 1953; R. E. Leech, pers.comm.). The larvae studied were fixed in alcohol by Mr. Leech and mailed to this laboratory where they were transferred to an alcohol-acetic acid mixture and refrigerated until the salivary glands were removed and stained in lactic orcein. The giant chromosomes suffered considerably by this treatment but in most cases were adequate for the detection of inversion loops. B. antarctica has three giant chromosomes, one of which carries a nucleolus. It was not determined whether this was carried on chromosome I or II. In one preparation a somatic metaphase was observed and it was confirmed that 2n = 6. Two inversions were identified. One was a large inversion in the chromosome carrying the nucleolus and extended from within a few bands of the


The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of backward walking exercise on physical fitness. 45 freshmen in college whose BMI over 26 voluntarily participated in this study, they were randomly assigned to 3 groups: high volume and low intensity group (H/L), low volume and high intensity group (L/H), high volume and high intensity group (H/H). All three groups received backward walking exercise for 12 weeks, and their BMI and physical fitness index were tested before, after 6 and 12 weeks exercise. The result indicated that (a) BMI of H/L and H/H were significantly lower than L/H after 12 weeks backward walking training, and the value of maximal oxygen uptake were significantly higher in H/L and H/H than in, L/H, and (b) the flexibility and muscle endurance of subjects in all three groups significantly improved and there were no significant difference. This study have drawn the following conclusion that backward walking exercise on BMI and physical fitness related to cardiovascular had an significant positive effect, exercise volume at 240 min each week was more effective than exercise intensity at 60-80%, the proper exercise volume was 160-240 min each week or at 60-90% of maximum heart rate of aerobic exercise intensity, under this condition it were significant effect on the development of flexibility and muscular endurance.


Summary
When leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Xanthi were infected with tobacco etch virus, local lesion formation was accompanied by an increased rate of respiration which coincided with an increase in their adenosine triphosphate concentration. Stimulation of respiration by 2.4 dinitrophenol decreased to a low value with increasing lesion density. A combination of increased adenosine triphosphate concentration and greater adenosine triphosphate turnover may contribute towards the increased respiration of the local lesion host. Adenine greatly increased the adenosine triphosphate concentration of healthy leaves but not the respiration rate. With the local lesion leaf, where adenosine triphosphate concentration was increased by virus infection, adenosine triphosphate concentration was unaffected by adenine. Treatment of leaves with adenine increases resistance to virus infection, while healthy tissue surrounding virus-induced local lesions is also resistant to reinfection; both give increased adenosine triphosphate concentration suggesting that this is an important factor in resistance to virus infection. Increased adenosine triphosphate concentration in the leaf may result in the production of additional host ribonucleic acid which then occupies receptor sites usually available to virus ribonucleic acid.


Neuropatholophysiological Basis of Communication Disorders in multiple Sclerosis. Perceptual Features of Dysarthria in Multiple Sclerosis. Acoustic Features of Dysarthria in Multiple Sclerosis. Articulatory and velopharyngeal Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Laryngeal and Respiratory dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders in multiple Sclerosis. Language Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis. High-level language. Naming and Discourse Abilities in Multiple Sclerosis. Subgroups of multiple Sclerosis Patients Based on Language Dysfunction. Treatment of language Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis.


The purpose of this research is to examine empirical evidence the influence of profitability, liquidity, leverage, firm size, and dividend policy toward firm value on manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of 2016-2018. The sample in this research was determined by purposive sampling method. The research conducted by taking 40 manufacturing companies. The result of this research shows that profitability has a negative significant effect on firm value, leverage has a positive significant on firm value. Liquidity, firm size, and dividend policy have no significant effect on firm value.


PURPOSE: Provided is a skin whitening composition containing, as an active ingredient, phytolight derived from Pyrus Malus fruit extract, Scutellaria Baicalensis root extract, Camellia Sinensis leaf extract, Cucumis Sativus fruit extract or their mixture. CONSTITUTION: A skin whitening composition is characterized by containing 0.001-10 wt.% of phytolight that is derived from the extract selected from the group consisting of a Pyrus Malus fruit extract, a Scutellaria Baicalensis root extract, a Camellia Sinensis leaf extract, a Cucumis Sativus fruit extract or their mixture.


UK quarterly national accounts have undergone a rebasing to 2002 prices, together with a comprehensive revision to past data. The revised data paint a significantly different picture of the UK economy from that on which we based our last forecast. It now seems that the economy decelerated in the second half of 2004 and into the first quarter of 2005 (see chart 1), whereas the previous data indicated a more robust outcome for the second half of 2004, with greater momentum carrying over into 2005. The preliminary estimate of GDP suggests that the belowtrend growth continued into the second quarter of this year. The previous data indicated that the UK was operating at full capacity, while it would now seem that we are moving into a period where there is some spare capacity in the economy.


In the continual effort to reduce emissions and improve efficiency, moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution combustion has been suggested for aeroengine applications. This new application of moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution combustion requires further insight in applying the knowledge from conventional analyses of well-mixed systems to non-premixed flames. The ignition of ethylene, a key species in hydrocarbon oxidation, is simulated in simplified combustion systems with three different hot oxidants using detailed chemical kinetics. Zero-dimensional batch reactors, one-dimensional opposed-flow flame simulations, and planar two-dimensional laminar coflowing slot flame simulations are used to compare different ignition metrics across the autoignitive and moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution combustion regimes. It is found that the autoignition of ethylene with hot air may be described in two dimensions as the intersection of a critical hydroxyl fraction and the most reactive mixture fraction. Alth...


— to free Helen from blame for leaving her home and husband to go to Troy with Paris (2) — it surely contains a serious point. The speech seems more accurately an encomium of the logos, than Helen, leading Charles Segal to conjecture that it 'may even have served as a kind of formal profession of the aims and the methods of his art' (1962:102). Some regard it as one of our best insights into the state of late fifth century rhetorical theory (Kerferd 1981:78). The present essay aims to re-construct the rhetorical theory described in and exemplified by Encomium of Helen . This reconstruction is offered as an alternative to the seminal and still orthodox interpretation developed by Charles Segal in 1962. Although Segal's account is extraordinarily comprehensive, it will be shown that it fails to satisfactorily accommodate the essential doxastic element in Gorgias' analysis of persuasion. Gorgias' rhetorical theory may be analysed into three components: a theory of the soul; a theory of the logos; and an account of the relation between logos and soul. This bare analytical framework is developed in the essay as follows: §2 analyses the psychological concepts in terms of which Gorgias develops his rhetorical theory; §3 discusses Gorgias' conceptualisation of the logos, and argues that Segal's explanation of its persuasive mechanisms is incomplete; §4 offers an alternative account, and §5 outlines and responds to an objection to the proposed interpretation.


PURPOSE: To obtain a branched polymer capable of forming a useful product with good processability by bringing a specific polybenzazole(PBZ) monomer into contact with a branching agent. CONSTITUTION: In bringing PBZ monomer into contact with a branching agent in the presence of a dehydrating solvent under sufficient conditions for forming a branched PBZ polymer, the PBZ monomer is to contain at least 2 types of azole-forming components and can form a PBZ polymer in the polycondensation reaction and as the branching agent, ones containing a basic structure having at least 3 types of linked components each one of which forms an azole ring at the reaction with the azole-forming components from the PBZ monomer substantially not to contain crosslinking are used. The PBZ monomer is a mixture of one type of AA monomer and BB monomer. The amount of the branching agent is 0.05-14 mol% of all the reactants before the polymerization. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


It is shown that the dispersive Shukla mode (2003 Phys. Lett. A 316 238) can become unstable in the presence of opposing density and electron temperature gradients in a dusty magnetoplasma. The growth rate of the oscillatory instability is obtained. The present instability should account for nonthermal low-frequency electromagnetic waves in interstellar dusty molecular clouds.


The half-lives of six gamma-emitting nuclides were determined by comparison with radium standards, using a lead-shielded ionization chamber. The following results were obtained: ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{46}$: 83.89\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12 days; ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$: 5.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 years; ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{65}$: 243.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 days; ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{110m}:252.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$ days; ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{134}$: 2.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 years; ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{152,154}$: 12.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 years. The errors quoted are twice the standard deviation calculated from a least-squares analysis.


Objective: To elicit information using patient surveys regarding the impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatments for adults beginning treatment with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a prodrug stimulant approved for the treatment of ADHD in adults and children 6–12 years of age. Methods: Adult patients with ADHD beginning treatment with LDX voluntarily completed surveys through an automated telephone system or the Internet at the onset of and 6 weeks after initiating LDX treatment. Prescribing physicians received individual reports of the responses for each survey completed by their patients. All patients who completed both baseline and 6week surveys were included in the analyses. Subgroup analyses by drug class and duration were conducted for those previously treated for ADHD. Results: Treatment with LDX was associated with a significant decrease in ADHD symptom interference with work and school tasks, social and leisure activities, and personal relationships (P<.01; N=2,660). Patients gave higher satisfaction ratings with LDX than with their previous treatment, regardless of the type of prior medication (P<.01). On average, global improvement, tolerability, convenience, and satisfaction with LDX were all highly rated. Conclusion: Patients treated with LDX showed significant symptom improvement and reported a higher level of satisfaction versus previous treatments.


Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that schizophrenia is accompanied by an activation of the immune system; however, there is limited data from low and middle-income countries. Inflammatory markers could even be more important in these settings where infectious conditions may play a more prominent role in the causation and maintenance of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the level of inflammatory markers--High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)--in patients with schizophrenia. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of a total of 132 study participants; 82 with schizophrenia and 50 controls. hsCRP and IL-6 were measured using Cobas Intgera 400 Plus and Cobas e 411 analysers respectively. Results: The levels of hsCRP and IL-6 were significantly increased among patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. Controlling for potential confounders (age, sex and body mass index), having a diagnosis of schizophrenia remained significantly associated with increased hsCRP (beta =0.29; 95% CI=0.10, 0.49) and IL-6 (beta=3.60; 95% CI: 1.35, 5.86). Conclusion: The finding is consistent with reports from high income countries and confirms that inflammatory processes may have a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia regardless of setting. Despite failure of some interventions with anti-inflammatory properties, interventions to reduce inflammation are still worth pursuing.


The emergence of malicious codes has increased exponentially due to the spread of malicious code creation tools with the development of the network, but there are limitations in response through the existing malicious code detection methods. In accordance with this situation, machine learning-based malicious code detection methods are developing, and in this paper, features are extracted by statically analyzing PE files for machine learning-based malicious code detection, and then malicious codes are detected through autoencoder. Research on how to extract features that represent better features is underway. This paper extracts 549 features consisting of information such as DLL/API that can be checked from PE files that are commonly used in malicious code analysis and compresses the data by storing data through SAE (Stacked AutoEncoder) among autoencoders. Was extracted to prove that it is very effective in providing excellent accuracy and shortening processing time.


Abstract Because of the huge volume and inflated membrane structure of stratosphere airship, the deformation of stratosphere airship is very sensitive to the change of environment conditions such as wind, temperature and so on. The influence of deformation on manipulation and control is very remarkable. So, during the course of building flight dynamic model of the flexible airship, the added-mass matrix of deformation is very important part in the state equations of dynamic models. For obtaining the accurate added-mass matrix of different flexible airship, we proposed an approach that can calculate the added-mass matrix of a flexible airship with arbitrary geometry shape by the panel method. Through the comparison of results of computation and theory for ellipsoid of revolution and the flexible Skyship-500 airship, the proposed method can calculate the added-mass matrix for arbitrary geometric shape very accurately.


Multi-level information resources processing faces the problem of how to satisfiy different levels of demands at the same time.A new method of decentralization according to fixed,open and localized level is proposed in this paper,and the setting of information standard is based on compulsion,guidance and advice.This method meets the demand of processing and makes application and dissemination of the standard for information more effective.


The present invention relates to a wire conductor terminal connector, a first plug disposed in the second plug housing dissipation system; wherein a first plug connector with the wires connected to the motor stator cooling system equipment, and was fixed at a constant frame a body; second plug adapter connected to the wire, with the pins on its periphery, corresponding to the pins on the cooling system of the apparatus is provided with back fastening holes for fixing the pins on the card. With the above technical solution, the present invention ensures a fixed position of the second aspect of the plug, even in a high frequency of long-term vibration environment will not fall off, hand-off may be by quick release fastening hole feature, both the second plug there are advantages of rapid disassembly, to facilitate the conversion of various wire ends.


This paper addresses the input constrained consensus of second‐order multiagent systems with nonconvex constraints. A new update law is proposed to make the position states of all agents converge to a common point and the velocities converge to zero, while the input of each agent stays in a certain constraint set. The closed‐loop system is first converted to an equivalent system by taking a novel coordinate transformation. Then, it is proved that the input constrained consensus can be achieved if the graphs jointly have directed spanning trees by using the Metzler matrix theory. Finally, simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


We explored an experimental device of scanning near-field microwave microscope (SNFMM), where as probe used open end of coaxial waveguide. This piece of coaxial by help coaxial-waveguide transition was connected to panoramic measuring device of SWR and attenuation P2-65. Frequency characteristic of reverberation coefficient of such device bore resonance nature, broke down under minimums system, situated off /spl lambda//sub 0//2 one another, amount of which determines by waveguide piece length. Such a descriptions, as change of resonance frequency of minimum, value of the reverberation coefficient in minimum, width of resonance curve carry information about parameters of sounded matter such as dielectric penetrability, conductivity, presence of heterogeneities and their character. Used a piece of coaxial waveguide with section, providing single-mode a routine in select frequency range.


The game engines are one of the essential and daily used applications on the game development field. These applications are designed to assist in the creation of this type of contents. Nevertheless, their usage and development are very complex. Moreover, there are not many research papers about the game engine architecture definition and specification. In this sense, this work presents a methodology to specify a game engine defined as a multi-agent system. In such a way, from a multi-agent approximation, a game engine architecture can be prototyped in a fast way. Also, this implementation can be exported to a general programming language for maximum performance, facilitating the definition and comprehension of the mechanisms of the game engine.