On the balance of probabilities, the thrombolysis service would have been available to Mr Lowe at Doncaster that morning, within a 3 hour window from the onset of his symptoms. However, whether the claimant would have had a better outcome had he received such treatment divided the relevant experts. Professor Ford, for the claimant, estimated that Mr Lowe would have had a 50% to 60% probability of making a good functional recovery. Dr Hassan, a consultant stroke physician instructed by the trust, considered that the chance of a good outcome would have been between 40% and 50%.


For crop management by precision farming, a detailed, sitespecific information about production inputs and outputs is required. Primary nutrients in high amounts are needed by plants and a deficiency of anyone of them, restricts the plants growth. Nitrogen fertilizer is recognized as the source of nitrate contamination in ground water. Effective nitrogen management is a must for crop producers. For increasing the N use efficiency during growing season, an instrument called SPAD meter or chlorophyll meter works to be helpful in this direction.


We would like to thank Dr Manetti for his relevant comments1 on our recent article in the Annals of Rheumatic Disease entitled 'Molecular profile and proangiogenic activity of the adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction used as an autologous innovative medicinal product in patients with systemic sclerosis'2. We are pleased that this study has raised such a high interest in the scientific community and allows us to provide additional comments to those recently published3 4 in order to discuss the potential profibrotic profile of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) derived from patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc). We agree that SSc is a rare but potentially lethal autoimmune disease that challenges the urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this context, autologous fat grafting has been successfully used to limit SSc-associated clinical complications such as SSc-related perioral thickening and mouth opening limitation5 facial handicap6 …


A system has been programmed in JOVIAL to serve as a vehicle for testing hypotheses about language change through time. A basic requirement of the system is that models must be formulated within the framework of Sapir's concept of drift and Bloomfield's definition of a speech community. Outside these restrictions, an experimenters selection of hypotheses is free. The system, which can be viewed as performing Monte Carlo simulations of group, language change, has been successfully tested in several computer runs using an extremely simple model of linguistic interaction. (The system, and any model tested within its framework, are separate entities. Accordingly, the use of a trivial model to check out the operation of the system does not depreciate its ability to handle models of vast complexity.) The initial test population consisted of fifteen adults and five children, each represented by a phrase-structure generation-recognition grammar. The grammars and the frequency parameters associated with their individual rules were not necessarily identical. During the course of a run some individuals died and others were born. Newborn children acquired the language of the community. The units of interaction consisted of conversations that were produced by the grammars of speakers and parsed by the grammars of auditors. The linguistic structure of a conversation determined changes in the auditor's grammar. Decisions in the system were made with random numbers on the basis of weighted frequency parameters. To insure control of free variables before under-taking experiments with factors causing change, the goal of the initial experiment was to obtain a condition of linguistic stability and essentially identical results for the population as a whole from several computer runs which differed only in the choice of random numbers referred to in decision-making processes. Such results were obtained; even though the fate of individual members of the speech community varied widely in the different trials, the mean values of the frequency of the grammatical rules in the total population were very similar at identical time periods in each run, for a simulated span of twenty-five years and the structure equilibrium state.


The article presents reflections of a theoretical nature from the construction of the State of the Issue about educational accountability by analyzing articles published in journals in the area. The research, of a qualitative nature and of a bibliographic type, seeks to understand the relationships between the pillars of evaluation, and accountability and the ways that they have been considered. It questions whether provision of accounts the specialized literature understands educational accountability as a continuous process among the mentioned pillars and whether these are combined in the scientific articles of the sample, consequently, in the educational policies discussed in them. It concludes that the discussion focuses on the pillars of evaluation and accountability, revealing the very design of the policies that trigger accountability when they disregard more democratic and sophisticated models of provision of accounts.


The nutritional status of young children, adolescents and young adults has always been of interest to public health nutritionists. In the middle of the previous century the interest mostly focused on undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in under-resourced, often warstricken countries of the world, where the environment was lacking in both quantity and quality of food. Since then, industrialization and globalization have changed the food environment beyond anything that nutrition scientists could have foreseen. With the uprising of the obesity epidemic in both children and adults, the interest has shifted to food environments characterized by excessive availability of highly processed foods often high in energy and low in nutrient density. The taste and cost of these foods make them accessible and acceptable to both underand well-resourced populations. The complexity of this highly evolved food environment is captured by the description of Swinburn and co-workers who describe these environments as 'the collective physical, economic, policy and sociocultural surroundings, opportunities and conditions that influence people's food and beverage choices and nutritional status'. Nutrition researchers are trying to make sense of what changes are necessary and possible in this multifaceted environment to ensure better health for young people through their lifespan and into the next generation. A socio-ecological framework, recognizing intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational setting, community, environment and political influences, has often been used to study the factors that influence young people's foodrelated behaviour. In 2012, Moore and colleagues presented an argument in this journal that 'policy makers and health promotion practitioners are encouraged to identify complementary or, ideally synergistic policy components at multiple levels, rather than adopting an exclusive focus on intervening at any of the levels of influence on dietary behaviour'. More specific to young people, following a study in Ecuador, Verstraeten et al. proposed a multilevel interactive framework that conceptualizes eating behaviour in adolescents as a function of both individual and environmental influences. They further highlighted the importance of contextand culture-specific key factors that mediate food choices. A recent Lancet report on obesity proposes an 'inside out' version of the socioecological model that is more suitable for explaining, according to the authors, 'epidemics sweeping across entire populations'. According to this model, individuals populate all levels of the human systems and continuously interact with natural ecosystems. This allows for three parts of the individual–environment interaction to become apparent: (i) the personal agency individuals have in making choices from the environments available; (ii) the influences of the environment on individuals' choices; and (iii) the influence individuals have on changing environments and systems around them. Findings by Vogel et al., that high-agency interventions targeting individual psychological resources (e.g. self-efficacy, perceptions of healthy food affordability) combined with environmental interventions may be more effective in changing dietary behaviours than either intervention alone, provide support for the usefulness of this model in relation to the food environment. The model furthermore seems to be relevant to explain the interaction of young people with the food environment in and around schools. Five articles in this issue of Public Health Nutrition highlight a range of issues related to the food environment and educational settings, and it is worthwhile to consider how the results of the different studies could contribute to the ongoing discourse about the food environment in and around schools and how individuals act in and interact with this environment. An adequate intake of fruits and vegetables is considered essential for good nutritional health while a low intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with various healthrelated consequences including non-communicable diseases. The intake of fruits and vegetables is therefore often used as an outcome measure when studying the relationship between the food environment and diet. Van den Bogerd et al. did not collect any information on actual availability and cost of fruits and vegetables within the university environment but chose to focus on the perception of students. Although a large proportion of students perceived that enough fruits and vegetables were available in their university environment, intake thereof was low. Students felt that more affordable fruits and vegetables in the university canteen or supermarket would increase their fruit and vegetable intake. A study conducted in a web-based supermarket in the Netherlands provides some evidence that lower prices will stimulate purchases of fruits and vegetables, pointing to a possibility that cost of food may support personal agency in healthy food selection. An often-discussed aspect of the school food environment is the implementation of school policies as a vehicle to modify the school food environment to facilitate Public Health Nutrition: 22(11), 1917–1919 doi:10.1017/S136898001900123X


Thank you for reading if i had a hammer the death of the old left and the birth of the new left. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this if i had a hammer the death of the old left and the birth of the new left, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


"Neolithisation in the western part of Värmland. Settlements, subsistence and landscape": The aim is to analyze the Neolithisation process in a marginal area of the Swedish Neolithic. The study area belongs to the Lake District of western Värmland. By combining archaeological data with pollen analysis in a landscape perspective I try to reveal the spatial organization of the StoneAge society. The result so far indicates a shift in subsistence from the Middle Neolithic onwards. The spatial organization of settlements near the Lake Stora Le seems to continue undisturbed by the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic. The only visible changes are new Neolithic symbols such as gallery graves, decorated pottery and rock art, but in similar places in the landscape as during the Mesolithic. The spatial organization does not change radically until the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, when a major shift in the importance of cultivation takes place.


The evaluation of toxicity of a mixed herbal extract containing mahkota dewa fruits (Phaleria macrocarpa Scheff. Boerl) and pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on Wistar-strain rats had been carried out by the determination of the urea and creatinine content in urine and plasma after feeding. Oral doses of 100 mg, 500 mg, and 2500 mg of the mixed extract/kg body Weight were administered for 16 consecutive weeks to three groups of rats. Each treated group consisted of 15 males and 15 females, and the control group was represented by 10 males and 10 females. Samples of urine and plasma of the treated groups were taken at the time right before treatment (Week zero) and at Sm, 16th, 18th Week, while those of the control were taken at zero Week, 8th, and 16th Week, respectively. The result showed that theurea and creatinine contents among the treated and control groups were not signihcantly different. It could be concluded that oral administration ofthe mixed extract by a dose up to 2500 mg/kg body weight for 16 Weeks did not influence the urea and creatinine contents both in urine and plasma of the treated animals. Based on this result, it could be assumed that the use of the mixed extract is safe.


Cleaning and shaping of root canals is a crucial step in endodontic treatments. Irrigation allows removal of residual tissues in the canal that cannot be cleaned by instrumentation alone. This study evaluates and compares the efficiency of XP-endo Finisher (XPF), EndoActivator (EA) and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) in removing dentin debris and to compare percentage of remaining dentin debris for each irrigation system. Sixty extracted upper molar teeth with straight palatal canals were used in this study. Canals were prepared with ProTaper NEXT files to size X4 with 1ml 2.0% NaOCl irrigation between files. Roots were distributed into three groups of twenty samples and irrigated with 1ml 2.0% NaOCl which was activated for 60 seconds using three irrigation systems; group one, XPF; group two, EA; and group three, PUI, then the groups were rinsed with 5ml 2.0% NaOCl. Roots were split longitudinally, photographed digitally, images transferred to a computer, and percentage of remaining dentin debris at apical, middle and coronal levels was calculated. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and LSD at 1% and 5% significant levels. Results showed that cleaning with XPF or PUI resulted in significantly cleaner canals (P<0.01) than EA at all canal levels. XPF resulted in cleaner canals than PUI at all levels, but with insignificant statistical difference (P>0.05). Apical level of all canals showed greater amount of dentin debris (P<0.01) compared to middle and coronal levels, regardless of irrigation system used.


Traditional recommendation algorithms, such as collaborative filtering, make recommendations by learning the relevant relationships between users and items. However, considering only the relationships without considering the underlying causal mechanisms would be unfair, uninterpretable, and would lead to bias. In this paper, we propose bias-based denoising causal recommendation algorithm (BDCR) . First, the method dynamically transforms the explicit user-item feedback into implicit feedback with an embedded representation. Then, a truncation function based on causal inference is constructed to remove false positive noise. In addition, traditional recommendations and denoised causal recommendations are aggregated to obtain predictive scores. Finally, experimental results on two real datasets show that the BDCR algorithm outperforms the classical algorithm in terms of recall and NDCG metrics.


Texture development of high-density polyethylene has been studied by x-ray diffraction at various strains for uniaxial extension, as achieved by uniaxial tension and extrusion, and for uniaxial compression. Pole distributions were measured for the (100), (200), (020), and (011) reflections. Textures were described by ideal single-crystal orientations with inverse pole figures. In uniaxial extension, samples were deformed up to true strains of 1.83 (reductions of up to 84%). After a strain of 0.55, the c axis oriented at 35° from the extension axis and with increasing strain approached the extension axis. This was attributed to initial (110) or (310) twinning in combination with (100) slip, followed subsequently by [001] slip. In compression, samples were deformed up to true strains of 1.83 (reductions up to 84%). The texture consisted of strong components of the compression axis near (100) and weaker components near (110). At higher strains the intensity of the near-(100) components decreased, whereas the near-(110) components became more intense. The near-(100) components are explained by slip on (100) planes. The growth of the near-(110) components at the expense of the near-(100) components can be explained by relaxation twinning of the near-(100) components.


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1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has long been considered a purely motor disorder, with occasional reports of associated neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since the publication of the seminal case series in 2002, it has become apparent that many ALS patients develop cognitive and behavioral manifestations similar to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD) is now used in these circumstances.


The Pd / C catalysts were prepared with activated carbon as supports which was pretreated by mixed acid. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2-absorption desorption and TEM. The results indicated that the catalytic of Pd / C were correlated to the type,pretreatment and preparation method of activated carbon. The results show that Pd / C catalyst has good selectivity in DNS( 4,4'-Dianitrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid) compounds with nitro and double bond.


In the domain of measuring and controlling,the data is outputted by the report of Word or Excel.The basic method of designing the report of Word and Excel was recommended by using of Lab Windows/CVI.Critical technology of insert curve and handle the same data in report was propose.


Results: Commercially available USB cameras were able to provide basic visualization of the ears, nose and oral cavity. The non-medical grade USB cameras captured lower quality images when compared to the medical grade endoscopes but provided enough visualization to aid in the examination and diagnosis of simple cases. There was a learning curve in using the set-up but patients were able to adjust well, taking an average time of 2.7 minutes to complete the examination.


The investigation of the state of land-use/land- cover (LULC) is very important for daily cadastre supervisory work and it is an important foundation link of land management. It is also an important base of the research of land-use/land-cover change (LUCC), as well as pre-processing of monitoring of forest health and simulation of dynamic evolution of natural vegetation landscape. A land classification system is established in view of the research region and the interrelated LULC standards in this paper, then the edit layers of SPOT 5 HRS images with 3 wave bands are fused using software eCognition 4.0. And then applying the eCognition object-oriented classification method, the precise classification chart of the LULC is obtained through interactive experiments on eCognition 4.0. Thus the LULC map is presented. The map includes six classifications of cultivation, grassland, woodland, aquatic area, construction land, and unused land. So this work has certain significance to the research and development ofRS and GIS further integration.


Particle transport and its effect on the plasma density distribution remains an important, unresolved issue in magnetic fusion plasmas [1]. Fluctuating magnetic fields can arise from global tearing instabilities that often underlie the sawtooth oscillation [2] and lead to plasma relaxation [3]. Furthermore, magnetic fluctuations are also generated by energetic particles associated with non-inductive heating (NBI, ICRF) or inevitably generated intrinsically in burning plasmas by alpha particles. These fluctuations include various Alfvenic modes and energetic particle driven modes [4]. Conversely, stochastic magnetic fields have also been externally imposed (resonant magnetic perturbation) to mitigate the effect of edge localized modes (ELMs) by locally enhancing edge transport in Tokamaks [5]. Basic understanding of magnetic fluctuation-driven particle transport processes is thus of great interest and possibly critical to ELM control and fast particle losses in ITER. Progress to date is largely limited by the lack of direct measurements of the magnetic fluctuation-induced particle flux in hot plasmas.


System includes a first preamble generation module for generating a first preamble of the first packet is a single user packet. The first preamble includes a first short training field, the first long training field, a first signal field and a second signal field. The second preamble generation module, multi-user packet formatted multi-user packet as, or to generate a second preamble of the second packet is a single user packet formatted as multi-user packet. The second preamble is longer than the first preamble. The second preamble is the second short training field, the second long training field, the third signal field, and a fourth signal field. Modulation module, at least one of the first signal field and a second signal field of the first preamble is modulated by at least one different aspect of the third signal field and a fourth signal field of the second preamble . .FIELD 9C


In this study we elaborate the theory of Aghion et al. (1997, 2001) on an inverted-U relationship between competition and innovations. We provide a theoretical prediction of a complementary relationship between the incentive e¤ects of product market competition and direct R&D subsidies. We also test empirically our complementarity prediction and that of an inverted-U relationship using a large Finnish …rm level data set, combined with patent and patent citation data. Our results suggest that the inverted-U relationship is fairly robust to di¤erent measures of innovations. We also …nd that …rms receiving R&D subsidies react more sensitively to changes in competition. This result indicates that there exists complementarity between competition and R&D subsidies.


Optical absorption spectra for the computed ground state structures of copper clusters (Cu{sub n}, n = 2-20) are investigated from first principles using time-dependent density functional theory in the adiabatic local density approximation (TDLDA). The results are compared with available experimental data, existing calculations, and with results from our previous computations on silver and gold clusters. The main effects of d electrons on the absorption spectra, quenching the oscillator strengths, and getting directly involved in low-energy excitations increase in going from Ag{sub n} to Au{sub n} to Cu{sub n} due to the increase in the hybridization of the occupied, yet shallow, d orbitals and the partially occupied s orbitals. We predict that while Cu nanoparticles of spherical or moderately ellipsoidal shape do not exhibit Mie (surface plasmon) resonances, unlike the case for Ag and Au, extremely prolate or oblate Cu nanoparticles with eccentricities near unity should give rise to Mie resonances in the lower end of the visible range and in the infrared. This tunable resonance predicted by the classical Mie-Gans theory is reproduced with remarkable accuracy by our TDLDA computations on hypothetical Cu clusters in the form of zigzag chains with as few as 6 to 20 atoms.


Word Version July 18,
2014 TO THE
ADMINISTRATOR ADDRESSED SUBJECT: Final
Adoption of New Teacher and Principal Standards On June 30 th ,
the new teacher standards took effect, marking the culmination of over a year's
effort on the part of educators throughout Texas to craft new standa


This study reports on a fully autonomous system comprising a wireless headstage and an array of micro light-emitting diodes (µLED) integrated in a flexible neural probe for optogenetic experiments. The 49 µLEDs (50×50 µm2) are arranged at a minimal pitch of only 100 µm. The µLED-based neural probes are realized using a novel, single-sided fabrication process on the expitaxial sapphire substrate that avoids the delicate µLED transfer using wafer bonding and laser lift-off. The absolute optical power per µLED is 1.1 mW at 465 nm peak wavelength, resulting in an emittance of more than 500 mW/mm2 at the µLED surface. The µLEDs of the optical neural probes are powered and controlled by a compact (diameter 18.7 mm, height 19.8 mm), light-weight (6.44 g), modular headstage. It enables the simultaneous operation of multiple probes serially addressing up to two arrays with each up to 16×16 µLEDs for about 2 h under continuous operation.


Two-dimensional orthogonal variable spreading codes are presented far multiplexing of forward link in direct sequence code division multiple access(DS-CDMA) multiple antennas system. The bit error rate(BER) performance under a multi-user environment fur the additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel and Rayleigh fading MIMO channel are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme could provide flexible rates and lower peak correlation values.


As a scholar interested in media production, I examine stories – not so much as the fruits of writers' labour (scripts, films, series and games) – but rather, the lived experiences of writers as media professionals, the conditions of their art and craft and how the economic, industrial and political changes they saw were reflected back through the policies and the activities of the Writers' Guild. This task of collecting individual histories – each potentially tainted with faulty memories, individual opinions, political agendas and missing details – has been described by multiple writer interviewees as 'a kind of Rashomon'. With so many voices and versions of the narrative available, this paper explores critical questions of theory and method and the creation of meaning when working with oral history.


The National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) 2016 Standards for the Accreditation of Certification Programs (Institute for Credentialing Excellence, 2014) do not explicitly require that retesting be permitted. Like the Joint Standards, the NCCA Standards call for the policy and its rationale to be made public (Standard 6F and 7D) and require that an appeals process be standardized and documented (Standard 6G and 7F); an appeals process does not necessarily involve retesting. However, the NCCA Standards state that "The certification program must not unreasonably limit access to certification" (Standard 7C), which constrains the severity of an appeals process or retesting policy to that which can be justified as "reasonable."


Electrical stimulation is a component of many pain relief modalities. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a simple, low risk, outpatient treatment. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is an effective method for pain relief. Transcutaneous pulsed radiofrequency (TPRF) combines the advantages of TENS and PRF for treatment of musculoskeletal pain. This study is an evidence-based comparison that evaluated the pain scores and endocrinological changes of both TENS and TPRF. Thirty-three patients randomly selected from 61 screened patients were diagnosed with chronic shoulder pain. These patients were randomly distributed into two groups, with the first group receiving TENS treatment and the second group receiving TPRF treatment. Both TENS and PRF groups underwent 15 min of therapeutic intervention per session and three sessions over 1 week. Patients' pain scores were recorded before and after each session. Blood samples were taken for cortisol measurement before and after the treatment week and pain level was assessed. After each session, pain was reduced on the visual analog scale in both TENS (Group I) and TPRF (Group II) groups. After a 1-week therapy, TPRF group demonstrated a significantly better outcome with regard to the self-assessment pain relief (47.81% improvement) and TENS group reduction (19.1% improvement). Therefore, TPRF appeared to be more useful than TENS for short-term decrease of chronic shoulder pain.


In the market economy,the government behavior to primary distribution is mainly through the adjustment of distribution's starting point and distribution's process to ensure that the result of the distribution is fair and effective.In China,the income gap is widening,which is not the consequences of market reform,but the economic system and the government behavior defects of primary distribution,which includes the fiscal and taxation system.In order to find the main policy reason for influencing income distribution,the paper uses Microscopic simulation method,chooses value-added tax(VAT) as the research object,and analyses China's urban residents' VAT burden in 2010,and then measures the Gini coefficient before and after VAT.The results show that VAT has a dramatically reverse adjustment influence on income distribution.Based on the conclusion we put forward some suggestions as to VAT reform,including(1)speeding up the tax structure transformation,from the "single subject"(turnover tax) tax system structure to "double subject"(turnover tax and income tax) tax structure,and(2) reducing the VAT rate of the necessities of life as well as the low-income stratum's VAT burden,etc.


Plane waves and cylindrical or spherical vortex modes are important sets of solutions of quantum and classical wave equations. These are eigenmodes of the energy- momentum and angular-momentum operators, i.e., generators of spacetime translations and spatial rotations, respectively. Here we introduce a new set of wave modes: eigenmodes of the "boost momentum" operator, i.e., a generator of Lorentz boosts (spatio-temporal rotations). Akin to the angular momentum, only one (say, z) component of the boost momentum can have a well-defined quantum number. The boost eigenmodes exhibit invariance with respect to the Lorentz transformations along the z-axis, leading to scale-invariant wave forms and step-like singularities moving with the speed of light. We describe basic properties of the Lorentz-boost eigenmodes and argue that these can serve as a convenient basis for problems involving causal propagation of signals.


According to rapid period, human beings are not easy to adjust this modern world. Persons always are suffering from around settings they live. However, People are trying to escape from those hard situations and seek new ways to manage their environments and relationships. One of the significant ways to manage their anxieties is to hope someone accept their problems and care how they are going to work for sorrows. In terms of this view, pastoral care in ministry of the churches and specific institutions shows and indicates who human beings are and how human beings work out from those situations. Especially to achieve these goals ministers including pastors and lay persons should realize what people really hope and solve. Clinical Pastoral Education is essential part to achieve things they hoe and solve. It has to be taught people who are interested in caring and encouraging people in being suffering from settings. In order to sharpen their effectiveness, first of all people should understand who suffering people. Prior to this step, people ought know who they are. And they have to recognize what theology and social sciences are constructive and positive for applying to suffering persons. After this process, persons who are suffered and isolated from difficult situations are able to become persons who can bear many fruits in their life.


The history of the clinician-scientist is nearly as long as the history of hypothesis-driven science. William Harvey, a contemporary of Galileo in the 16th and early 17th centuries, was the English physician who first elucidated the circulatory system and could be considered the first modern clinician-scientist. In the ensuing half millennium, many of the seminal advances in medicine have come from medical doctors performing research: Edward Jenner and the smallpox vaccination; Robert Koch and the discovery of tuberculosis; Alexander Fleming and the discovery of antibiotics; Jonas Salk and the development of the polio vaccine; andMichael Brown and JosephGoldstein and the linkage of cholesterol to atherosclerosis, to name only a very few. While the granting of the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology is a complicated process (and not all outstanding work is so recognized), it is a proxy marker for scientific work of great value to medicine. Of the 77 US-trained recipients of this prize through 2015, 46 held the MD degree (including two MD/PhDs). Within ophthalmology and vision science, clinicianscientists have also made many of the fundamental contributions that shape how we practice today. Adolf Weber, Ludwig Laqueur, and Albrecht von Graefe were all 19th century German ophthalmologists who discovered the association of intraocular pressure with glaucomatous neuropathy and developed medical and surgical treatments to lower pressure that survive in modified forms to this day. The intraocular lens was developed by Harold Ridley, a midcentury British ophthalmologist, and the phacoemulsification technique used to perform cataract surgery was invented by Charles Kelman, an American ophthalmologist. In more recent times, the development of argon lasers for treatment of retinal disease by Francis L'Esperance, the discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by Judas Folkmann leading to the development of anti-VEGF drugs by Napoleone Ferrera and colleagues, and the first approved gene therapy for hereditary disease developed by Jean Bennett, Al Maguire, and Samuel Jacobson are also the work of physician scientists. This just scratches the surface of accomplishments in our field by trained physicians performing research in eye disease. It can be argued that physician-scientists have been successful in advancing our field thanks to their unique perspective. By understanding both the state-of-theart in medical research and the nature of the unsolved clinical problems that are need be addressed, the clinician-scientist is uniquely positioned to advance the field. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) has recognized the importance of the physician-scientist and has created a series of federally funded training programs to ensure a continuous pipeline of new clinician-scientists. This includes the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), a training program leading to dual MD and PhD degrees over approximately seven to nine years of training for students interested in medical research, as well as the K08, K12, and K23 physician-scientist training grants. The latter are grants for trained clinicians (MD, OD, MD/PhD, or OD/PhD) to perform mentored postdoctoral training for up to five years, with substantial protected time (at least 50%). Several foundations, particularly Research to Prevent Blindness and Foundation Fighting Blindness, are also highly committed to supporting the career development of physician-scientists in vision science and provide support grants for individuals throughout their career trajectory. For the individual who follows the full career path as a clinician scientist, the course to independent research is a long one. Graduate and postgraduate training typically includes four years of medical school, four years of graduate school, one year of internship, three years of ophthalmology residency, one to two years of clinical fellowship, and up to five years of postdoctoral training on a Kaward. Thus the clinicianscientist trains nearly 20 years after college before pursuing a fully independent research career. The arrival at independence in the United States is typically marked by successful application for an NIH Research Program Grant (RPG), most typically an R01 award, which supports much of the fundamental and applied


Several factors that should be considered when setting loading limits for substation transformers are presented and discussed. When properly evaluated and applied to individual substations they should result in better utilization and longer life expectancy for these transformers.<<ETX>>


The compression feature of compressed sensing (CS) enables that the ciphertext lengths of multimedia encryption schemes have reduced dramatically, and the simple linear measurements make the encryption process extremely efficient. Therefore, CS based image encryption schemes have attached wide attentions in recent years. However, almost all CS based image encryption schemes follow the framework of symmetric encryption. In this paper, we propose the first CS based public key image encryption scheme PKIE-CS with accurate decryption. As is known to all, two important conditions for successful signal reconstruction in CS are signal sparsity and measurement matrix satisfying some properties (e.g., restricted isometry property). In our scheme, the relationship between the public key and the secret key can be expressed by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {B}_{\mathbf {P}}[\mathbf {T};\mathbf {I}]=\mathbf {A}^{T}\mathbf {P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {B}_{\mathbf {P}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are public parameters, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the secret key, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {B}_{\mathbf {P}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can not be used as the measurement matrix in CS. Thus, anyone can not extract the secret key <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from public key. We first give the specific descriptions of PKIE-CS and then give some theoretical analysis for providing strong security evidence. Last, the experimental results and the comparison with similar works demonstrate the feasibility and the superiority of the proposed scheme.


In this work, ordered porous thin films of reduced graphene oxide and tin oxide (rGO/SnO2) were synthesized by a polystyrene sphere monolayer colloidal crystal template method, and their gas-sensing properties...


I was fortunate enough to be assigned two assignments during my ten weeks here at NASA's Langley Research Center, in the Office of Equal Opportunity Programs (OEOP). One of my projects gave me the chance to gain experience in developing calculation formulas for the EXCEL computer system, while my second project gave me the chance to put my research skills and legal knowledge to use. The function of the OEOP is to ensure the adherence to personnel policy and practices in the employment, development, advancement and treatment of Federal employees and applicants for employment. This includes veterans and disabled as well. My initial project involved the research of hiring and promotion among the different minorities and females employed here at Langley. The objective of my first project was to develop graphs that showed the number of promotions during the past five years for each minority group here on the Center. I also had to show the average number of years it took for each promotion. The objective of my second and main research project was to find and research cases regarding the reasonable accommodation of disabled workers. The research of these cases is to ensure that individuals with disabilities are provided the necessary accommodations that are essential to the function of their job.


Methods: Patients with non-malignant (n=20) and malignant pleural effusions (n=20), and healthy control group (n=20) were included in this cross-sectional study. The age and body mass index (BMI) were comparative between study groups. The serum leptin levels in all subjects and pleural effusions leptin level in patients with pleural effusion were determined. Leptin levels were compared in terms of study groups and gender of subjects. Results: The leptin levels in serum and pleural effusions in group with malignant pleural effusion were significantly higher than both the non-malignant effusion and control groups (p<0.001). While there was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients in terms of pleural effusions leptin levels (p=0.097), serum leptin level of the female patients was significantly higher than the male patients (p<0.001).


Taking aspirin before coronary artery surgery is not associated with an increased risk of death, bleeding, or thrombotic complications, a randomised trial1 has shown. The trial showed that there was no need for patients taking aspirin to stop before cardiac surgery.

Most patients with coronary artery disease take aspirin to reduce their risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Aspirin inhibits platelet …


The engine brake characters and its influence factors are introduced, and the experiment of engine brake performance is expounded. The necessity of control continuously variable transmission (CVT) ratio during engine braking is discussed. When engine braking, the engine brake torque based on object velocity is estimated. With the characteristics curve of the engine brake torque and engine speed-brake torque, the object speed is gained. Then the object ratio is calculated through the engine target speed and target velocity, and PID algorithm is used for tracking the object ratio. Finally, the simulation result shows that the CVT ratio control strategy is valid.


Multiprogramming computer systems execute multiple programs concurrently. An objective of multiprogramming is to optimize resource utilization. Efficient resource utilization is achieved by sharing system resources amongst multiple users and system processes. Optimum resource sharing depends on the efficient scheduling of competing users and system processes for the processor, which renders process scheduling an important aspect of a multiprogramming operating system. As the processor is the most important resource, process scheduling, which is called CPU scheduling, becomes all the more important in achieving the above mentioned objectives. Many algorithms have been developed for the CPU scheduling of a modern multiprogramming operating system. Our research work involves the design and development of new CPU scheduling algorithms (the Hybrid Scheduling Algorithm and the Dual Queue Scheduling Algorithm) with a view to optimization. This work involves a software tool which produces a comprehensive simulation of a number of CPU scheduling algorithms. The tool's results are in the form of scheduling performance metrics.


Several natural threats characterize hard coal mining in Poland. The coexistence of methane and rock-burst hazards lowers the safety level during exploration. The most dangerous are high-energy bumps, which might cause rock-burst. Additionally, created during exploitation, safety pillars, which protect openings, might be the reason for the formation of so-called gas traps. In this part, rock mass is usually not disturbed and methane in seams that form the safety pillars is not dangerous as long as they remain intact. Nevertheless, during a rock-burst, a sudden methane outflow can occur. Preventing the existing hazards increases mining costs, and employing inadequate measures threatens the employees' lives and limbs. Using two longwalls as examples, the authors discuss the consequences of the two natural hazards' coexistence. In the area of longwall H-4 in seam 409/4, a rock-burst caused a release of approximately 545,000 cubic meters of methane into the excavations, which tripled methane concentration compared to the values from the period preceding the burst. In the second longwall (IV in seam 703/1), a bump was followed by a rock-burst, which reduced the amount of air flowing through the excavation by 30 percent compared to the airflow before, and methane release rose by 60 percent. The analyses presented in this article justify that research is needed to create and implement innovative methods of methane drainage from coal seams to capture methane more effectively at the stage of mining.


Spatial and temporal behavior of distribution of phytoplankton of the coral reef and seagrass environment of the Palk Bay was studied during April 2002 to March 2003. A total of 133 species of phytoplankton was recorded during the study period, of which, 98 species belong to Bacillariophyceae, 15 species belong to Dinophyceae, 12 species belong to Cyanophyceae and 8 species belong to Chlorophyceae. Diatoms (57.14 to 94.10%) contributed more towards the percentage composition of different groups of phytoplankton at the two stations, followed by dinoflagellates (3.12 to 28.57%), blue-greens (2.43 to 12.5%) and greens (3.7 to 7.69%). Higher phytoplankton population density was recorded during the summer season at both stations (St.1. 62,000 cells l -1 and St.2. 55,000 cells l -1 ). Coral reef environment was two-fold more productive (2.10-130.21 mg C m -3 hr -1 ) than the seagrass environment (3.30 - 85.56 mg C m -3 hr -1 ). Chlorophyll 'a' concentration showed higher values at station 1, corresponding to the higher phytoplankton population density recorded at this station along with primary productivity.


Dong was a nation seeking harmony,a nation with a higher aesthetic creativity.They consciously or unconsciously pursue the beauty of freedom,the beauty of harmony,the beauty of the spirit of joy in life practice.These were reflected in the Relationship awareness between man and nature,man and society,the Self and the other;in the same time,Dong build local knowledge showing a deep sense of ecological harmony.


In this paper, for explosives classification problem in safety inspection field, feature extraction and recognition from the radiation data as the core, combined with dual-energy X-ray transmission technology, low-energy forward scatter and low-energy back scatter technology to get eigenvalue R associated with effective atomic number and eigenvalue L associated with density. Synthesized R and L, get the discriminate, decision-making plane and distinguish rule based on the least mistake probability. The distribution of materials with regularity in this plane, there is a curve, most illicit materials drop into the area under the curve. Then get the criterion to classify the explosives. A given object may be randomly placed anywhere on the conveyor belt, resulting in a variation in the detected signals. Both an adaptive modeling technique and least squares method are used to decrease this distance effect. This is the magnitude contribute for recognition of solid explosive.


Objective To investigate the role of expressions of pituitary tumor transforming gene(PTTG) and p27 in glioma,and explore the relationship between the expressions of them and cell cycle regulation.Methods Specimens of 40 patient with gliomas were divided into gradeⅠ:8 cases,gradeⅡ:10 cases,gradeⅢ:13 cases, gradeⅣ:9 cases,PTTGmRNA and p27mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and their expressions of PTTG,P27,CDK4 protein were detected by immunostaining assay using strep- tavidin-peroxidase(SP) method.Results The expressions of PTTGmRNA in gradeⅠ~Ⅳwere (0.907±0.065),(1.109±0.083),(1.312±0.089),(1.499±0.215) respectively,there was significant difference among the groups(P0.05 or 0.01);the expressions of P27mRNA in gradeⅠ~Ⅳwere (1.308±0.117),(1.105±0.200),(0.826±0.163),(0.610±0.063) respectively,there was significant difference among the groups(P0.05 or 0.01);the expressions of PTTG,CDK4 protein increased with the increasing of pathological grade of glioma,there was significant difference among the groups(P0.05).The expressions of P27 protein decreased with the increasing of pathological grade of glioma,there was significant difference among the groups(P0.05).The ex- pressions of PTTG protein had negative correlation with the expression of P27 protein(P0.01),and had positive correlation with the expression of CDK4(P0.01);the expression of P27 protein had positive correlation with the expression of CDK4(P0.01).Conclusion The abnormal expressions of PTTG and P27 played an important role in development and progression of glioma,and both of them were cell cycle dependents.


Part 1 Physical education today: current trends and issues in physical education, Judith C. Young designing curriculum for quality physical education programmes, Catherine D. Ennis assessment in the school physical education programme, Judith Rink and Larry Hensley a focus on inclusion in physical education, Diane H. Craft securing funding for physical education, Louis Bowers. Part 2 Curriculum resources and references: state level curriculum guides and contacts, Robert Ritsor recommended curriculum materials to enhance student learning, Bonnie Mohnsen children's books for physical education, Pat Bledsoe curriculum materials producers and equipment suppliers.


Disclosed herein is a diamond-containing blade, including: a blade body having at proximal end a connection part to be fitted into a gripper; and an edge longitudinally formed along one side of the blade body, wherein the blade is manufactured by a process in which a power mixture for constituting the edge, including 20 wt% or less of diamond particles coated with Ti and having a particle size of 20 [mu]m or less and residual Ti powder or Ti alloy powder, is charged in a space of a mold corresponding to the edge, Ti powder or Ti alloy powder for constituting the blade body is charged in another space of the mold corresponding to the blade body, the charged powders are pressed to obtain a molded product, the molded product is sintered to obtain a sintered body, and then an edge of the sintered body is sharpened.


On the basis of first-principles total-energy calculations, we predict the ultrahigh-pressure destabilization of the bcc structure in the group-VIB elements Cr, Mo, and W through a bcc{r arrow}hcp phase transition at pressures of about 7.0, 4.2, and 12.5 Mbar, respectively. In Mo and W, a subsequent hcp{r arrow}fcc transition is also predicted at about 6.2 and 14.4 Mbar, respectively. The overall driving mechanism for these transitions is a continuous {ital sp}{r arrow}{ital d} transfer of electrons upon compression, although other factors play an important quantitative role, especially the hard-core-like interaction between the large cores of these elements, which disfavors the bcc structure and serves to lower the bcc{r arrow}hcp transition pressures. While the actual predicted transition pressures are sensitive to the details of the calculations, the qualitative trends are not, and the bcc{r arrow}hcp transition in Mo should be within reach of static diamond-anvil-cell experiments. In this regard, we have also calculated accurate 300-K isotherms for bcc Cr, Mo, and W valid up to the 5--6-Mbar pressure range.


Summary In rabbits and cats Congo red administered intravenously causes severe thrombocytopenia and ultrastructural alterations of platelets and leucocytes, similar to those produced by some fatty acids and endotoxin. Transient leucopenia is followed by leucocytosis. In contrast, incubation of Congo red in citrated blood or platelet rich plasma has no effect. Therefore, an indirect mechanism is postulated to explain the in vivo effect of Congo red.


Multiple regression analysis has become increasingly popular when appraising residential properties for tax purposes. Alternatively, most fee appraisers and real estate brokers use the traditional sales comparison approach. This study combines the two techniques and uses multiple regression to generate the adjustment coefficients used in the grid adjustment method. The study compares the combined grid-regression method with ordinary regression and defines the market conditions under which each method is likely to be more effective. The grid-regression method is found to be more accurate for relatively homogeneous housing markets, and the multiplicative percentage adjustment method (MPAM) the preferred approach. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.


This letter reports the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) decorated on WO3 nanowires (NWs) using the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique for photodetector applications. Ag/WO3 NWs device reveals a significantly low dark current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.63\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>−11 A. The device also obtained a maximum photoresponsivity of 70.1 A/W and detectivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.61\,\,\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>14 Jones at 360 nm with an internal gain of 241. Moreover, the Ag decorated WO3 NWs shows a rise time of 0.84 s and a fall time of 0.78 s at an applied bias of 3V.


This article presents the results of the research study on Discursive Practices in quality of life in Children and Adolescents from multi-diverse contexts: Bogota Case Study, which goal was to understand the discursive practices in quality of life that manifest themselves in the narratives of schoolchildren, schoolgirls and school adolescents from Teusaquillo area. A qualitative research study from a historical-hermeneutic approach, which used focus groups as well as narratives and got to mainly reveal four themes: quality of life as an affection desire and expectation from teachers toward students, quality of life as comprehensive education, quality of life as a dream education and education as a life project empowering expectation.


It discloses solid formulations comprising an active agent and pullulan. Solid preparation has about 1 percent or less of friability.


One of the most important problems for evolutionary biologists is to investigate the patterns and strength of phenotypic selection acting on quantitative traits in natural populations. Measurement of selection is complicated by the presence of correlations between characters; selection on a particular trait produces not only a direct effect, but indirect effects as well. Despite the growing body of phenotypic selection studies in a variety of taxa, studies on amphibians are still sparse. The aim of this study was to estimate patterns and strength of selection acting on a set of correlated characters in a natural population of Bufo bufo from the vicinity of Belgrade, Serbia. Morphological traits (body length, fore- and hind leg length) were measured, while fitness was assayed as fecundity and gonad weight for females and males, respec- tively. The regression approach was used to estimate selection differentials and gradients. Selection patterns differed between the sexes - linear selection differentials showed significant total directional selection for body size in females, but not in males. In males, differentials were significant for both fore- and hind leg lengths. Sample size did not permit identification of significant nonlinear (quadratic) selection.


A 10Bit 3M sample/s CMOS successive approximation analog-to-digital converter(ADC) is presented,which employs a clock signal with changeable frequency. With an ADC powerof 35mW from a 5V supply, the total chip size is 3.2mm2 in a 0.6μm double-poly , double-metal CMOStechnology .


The problem of passivity analysis is investigated for a generalized complex dynamical network with time-varying delays in this paper. Several passivity criteria are derived in form of linear matrix inequalities (LMI) for complex networks by constructing some suitable Lyapunov functionals. Finally, a numerical example is given which illustrate the efficiency of the derived results.


Abstract Conditional indexation offers a middle way between defined benefit and defined contribution pension schemes. In this paper, we consider a fully-funded pension scheme with conditional indexation. We show how the pension fund can be managed to reduce the risks associated with promised pension benefits when declared benefits are adjusted regularly during the working life. In particular, we derive an investment strategy that provides protection against underfunding at retirement and which is self-financing on average. Our results are illustrated in an extensive simulation study.


In order to analyse the laser diode(LD) relevant circuit by a unified manner using any general circuit analytical software(such as PSPICE),this paper describes the model of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL) based on the rate equations.This model is used in PSPICE program to validate it's veracity.


Variable sensitivity and error variance of six evaporation and evapotranspiration models were calculated. Their sensitivity values were computed by approximating the partial derivatives by finite differences. To compare the models, relative sensitivity ψ was computed by ψi = (100/E1)(ΔE/Δxi), where i = 1, …, n, with sensitivity defined as the percent change in evaporation E per unit change in the input variable xi. A second relative sensitivity ΨR i = [(xi − xio)/E1](ΔE/Δxi) was calculated to compare the relative importance of the different input variables. Error variance was analyzed to find the variance of error due to instrument inaccuracies by E[Var (Z)] = ∑i=1n(ΔE/Δxi)2 Var (xi) where Var (xi) is the instrument variance estimated from the manufacturer's statements. Although no tests were conducted to determine the bias or prediction accuracy of the model, a technique was proposed to show how the instrument error variance could be added to the prediction error variance to determine the overall system variance. In model development the best model will be one whose sum of these two variances is a minimum if there is no prediction bias.


This paper includes a compilation of sections from an interview with Sr. Kathy, a religious sister who has performed a variety of service-focused tasks in her many years with her community, and it illustrates her vocational journey. "It was meant to be temporary," Sister Kathy states through the phone with a laugh. The religious sister's nearly fifty years of life in a religious community humorously contradict this admittance of original intent. She goes on to explain that in her time, to enter religious life was a safe, acceptable, and inexpensive choice for a young woman who had a history of rebellion and was uncertain about her future. This last observation is made with a good-natured, selfdeprecating laugh. Her response to questioning on how her vocation came about is surprising, and upon further enquiring, she discloses that it was only many years later that she realized that in remaining a sister, God was fulfilling her innermost desires through her originally "temporary" choice to join a religious order. Growing up with a Lutheran mother who provided most of faith formation in her life, Sister Kathy never felt a strong calling to Catholic religious life, and her vocation story is not one of theatrics, at least not at its origin. Rather, it is what she describes as an enduring process that began out of convenience. After graduating high school, she realized that owing to her family's latest transfer across the country, something her father's situation necessitated, she had missed the application deadlines for colleges. Indecisive about her future, Sister Kathy, like so many young people, looked to her friends' examples for guidance. When two of her close friends decided to enter the same religious order, she followed them. With satisfaction, she reveals that the religious order that the trio entered had always encouraged its members to work in any way through which women could be of service to those in need. However, like thousands of other women religious in the United States in the twentieth century, she began her professional life as a teacher, teaching at an elementary school before transferring to administrative roles. She describes the time as formative to her growth as a sister, but she admits she still viewed her religious stint as temporary. Nevertheless, even after her dear friends left the order, she remained. Sister Kathy reveals that while she stayed, she did not think come to think of her religious vocation as permanent until she was in her thirties. When asked what held her back from leaving, she states that there was more to her vocation than simply wanting to be a sister. It was the desire to be of service to others that kept her involved until she found her purpose in activism. Sister Kathy develops a passionate pride in her normally polite voice when she mentions how she and a group of sisters are planning to march in the Women's March this year to take a stand for the rights of women throughout the country. This however, will not be her first foray into activism. In the recent past, before taking over the presidential role of her order, she carried out a three-year mission of working alongside French sisters in the countryside of France, organizing and contributing to a coalition that vigorously combats the practice of human trafficking on an international level. Altogether, Sister Kathy's varied and exciting work has provided her with fulfilment she would have never imagined as a young girl first entering the community. Even when she did not understand the plan for her life fully, she recognized the heart for service that she was given, and that evolved into the determination to fight for the political and social rights of those in need.


The Concept of "Morality Guiding and Punishment Supplementing" is the ancient strategy of managing state affairs in our country. It goes back to ancient times and is still in use today.It has double meanings for reference to perfect the present strategy of managing state affairs in our country. One meaning it can provide is the necessity to fight against the morality over law, and to build a socialist country according to laws. Another significance from the strategy lies in the adherance of complementary roles played by morality and law and to employ socialist rule by law rule and socialist morality simultaneously.


Objective: This study aims to examine the physical and chemical stability of neem oil cream.
Methods: Physical stability was conducted by storing the cream at room temperature (25±2 °C/65 %RH±5 %RH) and high temperature (40±2 °C/75 % RH±5 % RH) for 3 mo. HPLC method using Dionex with UV detection at 219 nm, Shodex (C-18) HPLC packed column (4.6 mmID x 250 mmL), acetonitrile: water [30:70] as mobile phase, 10 min isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with volume injection 20 μL was validated then was carried out to measure azadirachtin levels in neem oil cream. The chemical stability of azadirachtin in the cream was determined for 90 days by using this validated method.
Results: The neem oil cream was physically stable. The HPLC method of azadirachtin meets all the validation parameters and can be used to analyze the chemical stability of azadirachtin in neem oil cream. Neem oil cream was stable for 4 w at 25 °C and for 1 w at 40 °C.
Conclusion: The neem oil cream was either physically or chemically stable for 4 weeks at 25 oC and 1 week at 40 oC


It is found in experiments that glial cells have a variety of neuro-transmitter receptors on their membrane.Gilial cells can integrate synaptic information and are related to multi-neuron diseases.Based on the existing theoretical work,we investigate the coupling mechanism of astrocytes and neurons by theoretical and numerical method.By stimulating the astrocytes,we got the hyper-excitable state of the neuron,and hyper-excitability is an important feature of epilepsy.Then we analyze the effects of coupling strength on the system,and find that the coupling strength is the key factor leading the neuronal hyper-excitable.These results may give some suggestions when people try to find out the physiological mechanism of epilepsy.


Algorithms of video traffic image processing, presented below, have been developed by CMM and INRETS using 256x256x6 bits images collected from various scenes covering a 150 m area of a freeway under various weather conditions.-" First, ro~ct~t~~on is automatically performed. The road and traffic lanes "±ffi~s are use"d to deriverela't-ionships between real and image distances and to build image t"ransfor-mations independant from the perspective view. Then, markers of the vehicles are extracted using geometrical adapted filters. These markers are joined to define a single marker for each vehicle. In certain conditions, images of a traffic scene give to the traffic engineer a lot of valuable informations. Due to its efficiency and flexibility video image analysis can be used in the three main domains of traffic management, that is measuring, monitoring and control. Moreover, this technique permits spatial measurements not available by classical means. Finally, portability, and ease of installation are substantial advantages. On the other hand the use of video imaging raises a lot of problems, in particular perspectives distortion, variations of illumination, great variability in the shape of the vehicles. Furthermore it is necessary to collect and to analyse successive images with high frequency in order to obtain accurate measurements. Despite the fact that many researchers have been involved in that problem, there exists currently no system working correctly under all the various traffic conditions. We shall present below the main results of a two years study performed in collaboration between the The presented algorithms have been developed using motorway traffic images which have been collected with a video recorder and then digitized (256x256x6 bits). We considered various traffic scenes under daylight conditions for various weather conditions, each scene covering a 100-200 m area of a three lanes freeway. Pictures can be front or rear views. In a first approach, moderately dense traffic has been analysed. In order to use already installed cameras, we prohibited the use of more sophisticated sensors than CCD or infra-red cameras. On this connection, we wanted to develop a system able to work with remote controlled cameras. This means that the image of the same scene may change if an operator has moved the camera in the meantime for incident detection purpose for instance. The image analysis algorithms use widely the tools of the mathematical morphology. This image processing methodology provides quick, efficient, and flexible means of treatment. Furthermore, this treatment can be easily …


Apparently there are no spontaneous cures of cancer of the bladder. Forber1reported the average duration of life, presumably from the time of diagnosis, of 33 untreated patients to be 18.8 months, while Welch and Nathanson2in a series of 28 untreated patients found that 14 had died in fourteen months, 21 had died in thirty months, and 25 had died by the end of five years. The average age of 302 patients of this series was 59.4 years, for which age group statistics compiled by a life insurance company for the general population show a life expectancy of 15.49 years; approximately 88 per cent survive five years. It is obvious, therefore, that untreated cancer of the bladder is a highly fatal disease. Though perhaps not so rapidly lethal as pulmonary and gastric cancer, the situation existing five years after diagnosis is nearly the same. Furthermore, the morbidity


Congenital heart disease: an epidemiologic and teratologic challenge Research design, resources and methods Infants with congenital heart disease: the cases Study subjects: participant rates and representativeness Data collection: methods and quality control Preparing the database and creating the variables The genetics of congenital heart disease Maternal medical, anthropometric and reproductive characteristics Prescription and non-prescription drugs Lifestyle: cigarettes, alcohol, recreational drugs and caffeine Environmental factors in occupations, home and hobbies Risk factor analysis Overview and research implications


Concentrated groundwater intake works is an important part for the groundwater resources to bring benefit.In high-latitude and frigid area,the arrangement of concentrated groundwater intake works is especially important when taking groundwater in shallow and thin aquifer.Based on the analysis of several types of normal groundwater intake works and their applicable condition,combining with the hydrology-geology characteristic of shallow thin aquifer along river,this paper selected the water-collecting gallery as groundwater intake works.Moreover,according to the arrangement of water-collecting gallery,two calculation methods for water yield were put forward.Taking the water-supply resources of thermal power plant in Sunwu county of Heilongjiang Province as an example,this paper designed the concentrated groundwater intake works and calculated its water yield,which was 63 m3/h.The research result showed that groundwater-collecting gallery was an effective engineering in shallow thin aquifer along river,and its water yield could meet the request of concentrated water intake on a small scale.


We develop two q-analogues of the previously defined poly-Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds. We also develop the corresponding q-rook theory models to give combinatorial interpretations to these numbers.


Independent component analysis (ICA) technique is applied to the analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal. The main task of ICA for a random vector includes searching for a linear transformation which minimizes the statistical dependence between the components involved in the signal. In practice, some artifacts problems limit the interpretation and analysis of clinical EEG signals since the rejected contaminated EEG segments results in an unacceptable data loss. In this contribution, ICA filters were trained based on the EEG data during these sessions were identified statistically independent source channels, which could then be further processed using other signal processing techniques. Finally, the applications of ICA to the multichannel EEG recordings from the human brain were investigated and compared. The experimental results indicated that the proposed ICA method for analyzing EEG significantly cancels the additive background noise and separate the mix signals.


A pH-responsive DNAsome derived from the amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly of DNA amphiphile containing C-rich DNA sequence is reported. The acidification of DNAsome induces a structural change of C-rich DNA from random coil to an i-motif structure that triggers the disassembly of DNAsome and its subsequent morphological transformation into an open entangled network. The encapsulation of a hydrophobic guest into the membrane of DNAsome and its pH-triggered release upon acidification of DNAsome is also demonstrated.


In this a paper, we introduce a modified tapped all-pass (MTA) structure for the sum of two all-pass functions. The new structure includes linear coefficients in the all-pass sections, allowing additional constraints such as null or group delay constraints for the filters. These null constraints are significant for applications when the suppression of the noise at certain frequencies is important. An alternative structure to incorporate the extra constraints is the modified tapped cascade (MTC) infinite impulse response structure. Design examples show that the MTA structure is less sensitive to quantization than the MTC structure in the passband. Moreover, the total number of multiplications is significantly reduced by using the MTA structure as compared to the MTC structure.


The spatial configuration of marine reserves should reflect management objectives. If reserves are intended to conserve 'natural' biological communities, then reserve boundaries should follow barriers to species movement, but if cross-boundary movement of harvestable individuals associated with certain habitat is desired for fisheries purposes, then boundaries should intersect that habitat. We relate movement patterns of the reef-associated spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii (Palinuridae) to the relative positions of habitat and reserve boundaries in a 24.5 km2 marine reserve on the temperate northeast coast of New Zealand by tagging >5000 individuals and recapturing a subset over 3 yr using pots. Lobster movement patterns were sexand size-dependent, but nearly all recaptured individuals were found on the same rocky reef on which they were tagged, indicating that lobsters were reluctant to cross the muddy sediments between reefs. Lobsters became increasingly likely to migrate from the reserve into the heavily fished adjacent coast as the proportion of their reef that was unprotected increased. Corresponding changes in average catch per unit effort (CPUE) and size of all lobsters (tagged and untagged) occurred within the protected parts of the reefs, with lobster densities on a fully protected reef being 8-fold higher than densities on the protected part of a reef that was 91% unprotected.


The proposed plan is based on the experience of teachers and is one possible variant for dividing the educational material into lessons.


Abstract— Amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs) from the reduced CV chondrites Efremovka, Leoville and Vigarano are irregularly‐shaped objects, up to 5 mm in size, composed of forsteritic olivine (Fa<10) and a refractory, Ca, Al‐rich component. The AOAs are depleted in moderately volatile elements (Mn, Cr, Na, K), Fe, Ni‐metal and sulfides and contain no low‐Ca pyroxene. The refractory component consists of fine‐grained calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) composed of Al‐diopside, anorthite (An100), and magnesium‐rich spinel (∼1 wt% FeO) or fine‐grained intergrowths of these minerals; secondary nepheline and sodalite are very minor. This indicates that AOAs from the reduced CV chondrites are more pristine than those from the oxidized CV chondrites Allende and Mokoia. Although AOAs from the reduced CV chondrites show evidence for high‐temperature nebular annealing (e.g., forsterite grain boundaries form 120° triple junctions) and possibly a minor degree of melting of Al‐diopside‐anorthite materials, none of the AOAs studied appear to have experienced extensive (>50%) melting. We infer that AOAs are aggregates of high‐temperature nebular condensates, which formed in CAI‐forming regions, and that they were absent from chondrule‐forming regions at the time of chondrule formation. The absence of low‐Ca pyroxene and depletion in moderately volatile elements (Mn, Cr, Na, K) suggest that AOAs were either removed from CAI‐forming regions prior to condensation of these elements and low‐Ca pyroxene or gas‐solid condensation of low‐Ca‐pyroxene was kinetically inhibited.


Family Megachilidae consists of long tongued bees which are easily recognized by the presence of two submarginal cells in the forewing (except in Fideliini) and the female bees from this family (except parasitic forms and Pararhophitini) can be distinguished by the presence of scopa underneath the abdomen. Genus Megachile Latreille, 1802 is one of the most diverse bee genera and they play a significant role in pollination. This genus consists of leafcutter bees, mason bees and resin bees


Conditional value at risk (CVaR) is widely used in risk measure that takes into account losses exceeding the value at risk level. The aim of this research is to compare the performance of the EVT-GJR-vine copula method and EVT-GARCH-vine copula method in estimating CVaR of the portfolio using backtesting. Based on the backtesting results, it was found that the EVT-GJR-vine copula method have better performance when compared to the EVT-GARCH-vine copula method in estimating the CVaR value of the portfolio. This can be seen from the statistical values ??, and  of EVT-GJR-vine copula method which is generally smaller than the statistical values , and of the EVT-GARCH-vine copula method.


The article is devoted to the issues of describing the state of the domestic retail sector during the period of sanctions restrictions and determining the prospects for its development. It is clarified that the retail sector in 2022 faced a number of problems, including the outflow of capital investments, the instability of the national currency, the growth of banking risks, inflation, the disruption of supply chains, the curtailment of promising projects, as well as the introduction of direct restrictions, for example, in the field of technology imports, fashion industry, etc., the exit of representatives of foreign brands from the market, a decrease in consumer activity. It was revealed that despite the active unprecedented sanctions influence of Western countries, the domestic retail industry has maintained a price increase in turnover. Based on the results of the study, we formulated the prospects for the development of the retail sector, namely: an increase in the activity of domestic brands in the overall structure of product categories of retail chain stores; continued implementation of technology imports and an increase in import volumes, development of the import structure through interaction with promising suppliers; innovative development of the retail sector through the implementation of technological, managerial and marketing innovations; adaptation of domestic companies to the changed operating conditions, identification of new categories of players whose activities are based on the import of goods from departed foreign companies into the domestic market; taking into account changes in customer preferences and consumer habits, taking into account the special significance of pricing factors in the structure of incentives to consume.


Abstract A mechanical test method for the studies of high-temperature anaerobic adhesives has been established, based on fracture mechanics, by modifying the standard test method of collar and pin test. Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics approach was applied to the establishment of the relationship between adhesive fracture surface energy "R", fracture load and crack length. Hence, from the joints containing a given artificial flaw the adhesive fracture surface energy can be determined; alternatively, from the strength of the joints without artificial flaws the inherent flaw size "ai" can be calculated to account for the decrease of joint strength. The experimental techniques were applied to examine the mechanical behaviour of the joint system based on high temperature anaerobic adhesives. It was found that the joints cured at room-temperature had higher adhesive fracture surface energy but lower joint strength than the joints postcured at high temperatures. The "ai" data explained this interesting phenome...


Shearer cutter often crack and break when they are working under the force. Through the study of cutter in long-time. Analyze the force on the cutter body and hard alloy head, and offer the method and formula of its strength proofreading. It`s very important to proofread the strength when we design shearer cutter.


Basal LH, FSH, 17ß‐oestradiol and testosterone and the gonadotrophin responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were studied in male patients with leprosy (twenty‐four with lepromatous and six with tuberculoid leprosy). The mean basal LH and FSH was significantly elevated in the lepromatous group and was associated with an excessive response of both gonadotrophins following LHRH administration.


Introduction
Low back pain is often caused by a trauma causing disc herniation and /or disc degeneration. Although there are some promising approaches for nucleus pulposus repair, the inner tissue of the intervertebral disc (IVD) so far no treatment or repair is available for annulus fibrosus (AF) injuries. Here we aimed to develop a new method to seal and repair AF injuries by using a silk fleece composite and a genipin enhanced hydrogel.
Methods
Bovine (b) IVDs were harvested under aseptic conditions and kept in free swelling conditions for 24h in high-glucose DMEM containing 5% bovine serum for equilibration (1). A circular 2mm biopsy punch (Polymed Medical Center, Switzerland) was used to form a reproducible defect in the AF. For filling the defect and keeping the silk composite in place a human-derived fibrin gel (Baxter Tisseel, Switzerland) enhanced with 4.2mg/ml of the cross linker genipin (Wako Chemicals GmbH, Germany) was used. The silk composite consists of a mesh- and a membrane side (Spintec Engineering GmbH, Germany); the membrane is facing outwards to form a seal. bIVDs were cultured in vitro for 14 days either under dynamic load in a custom-built bioreactor under physiological conditions (0.2MPa load and ±2° torsion at 0.2Hz for 8h/day) or static diurnal load of 0.2MPa (2). At the end of culture discs were checked for seal failure, disc height, metabolic activity, cell death by necrosis (LDH assay), DNA content and glycosaminoglycan content.
Results
Silk composite maintained its position throughout the 14 days of culture under loaded conditions. Although repaired discs performed slightly lower in cell activity, DNA and GAG content were in the range of the control. Also LDH resulted in similar values compared to control discs (Fig 1).
Height loss in repaired discs was in the same range as for static diurnal loaded control samples. For dynamically loaded samples the decrease was comparable to the injured, unrepaired discs.
 Fig 1 LDH of repaired discs compared to control disc after 24h in free swelling conditions for equilibration and first three loading cycles.
Conclusions
Silk-genipin-fibrin reinforced hydrogel is a promising approach to close AF defects as tested by two degree of freedom loading. In further experiments cytocompatibility of genipin has to be investigated.
References
1. Chan SC, Gantenbein-Ritter B. Preparation of intact bovine tail intervertebral discs for organ culture. J Vis Exp 2012, Feb 2;60(60):e3490.
2. Walser J, Ferguson SJ, Gantenbein-Ritter B. Design of a mechanical loading device to culture intact bovine caudal motional segments of the spine under twisting motion. In: Davies J, editors. Replacing animal models: a practical guide to creating and using biomimetic alternatives. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012. p. 89-105.
Acknowledgements
This project is funded by the Gerbert Ruf Stiftung project # GRS-028/13 and the Swiss National Science Project SNF #310030_153411.


This thesis explored predictors of elevated distress symptoms in men during their partner's pregnancy. Results demonstrated that depression, anxiety and stress (distress symptoms) in men have a bi-directional relationship with one another across their partner's pregnancy, and that distress symptoms are predictive of that measure across the antenatal period.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic neoplasm characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid blasts. The FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) receptor gene is the most commonly mutated gene in AML, and patients who harbor a FLT3/ITD mutation have a relatively poor prognosis. FLT3/ITD activates Rac1 GTPase, and both FLT3/ITD and Rac1 play key roles in the signaling network that activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and promotes leukemogenesis. Utilizing a co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry analysis, we found that FLT3/ITD interacts with Dedicator of Cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), which is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac GTPases. Expression of DOCK2 is limited to hematopoietic cells, and it is expressed in leukemic blasts of patients with FLT3/ITD AML. Knockdown (KD) of DOCK2 results in reduced Rac1 activity and leads to decreased survival of leukemic cells with elevated FLT3 activity, both alone and in combination with cytarabine (Ara-C) treatment in both in vitro studies and a mouse xenograft model. We further investigated the mechanisms by which Rac1/DOCK2 activity affects cell survival and chemotherapeutic response in FLT3/ITD leukemic cells. Exogenous expression of FLT3/ITD in TF-1 cells resulted in elevated Rac1 activity, an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species, and increased activation of STAT5. Western and qPCR studies in these cells demonstrated a concomitant statistically significant increase in DNA damage response (DDR) factors, including Chk1, Rad51, Wee1, and PIM-1. Furthermore, expression of FLT3/ITD led to increased expression of AP-1 and its downstream targets, the mismatch repair (MMR) factors MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6. These FLT3/ITD-expressing TF-1 cells exhibited markedly increased resistance to Ara-C treatment, and the increase in IC50 positively correlates with the expression level of FLT3/ITD. These effects on DDR factors appear to be dependent on FLT3/ITD activity, as they were not observed in TF-1 cells expressing even relatively high levels of wild-type (WT) FLT3. These findings suggest that enhanced DDR may provide a mechanism of resistance to Ara-C treatment in FLT3/ITD cells. We then utilized DOCK2 KD in patient-derived leukemia cell lines that express FLT3/ITD (MV4;11 and Molm 14) to evaluate whether decreased Rac1 activity would restore sensitivity to Ara-C. DOCK2 KD via shRNA resulted in significantly reduced expression of Meis1 and c-Myb, which are known regulators of FLT3 expression. Accordingly, the expression level and activity of FLT3 in cells with DOCK2 KD are markedly decreased. The DOCK2 KD cells showed reduced STAT5 activity and decreased expression of Chk1, Rad51, Wee1 and PIM-1, as well as lower expression levels of AP1, MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1. Consistent with the reduction in activity of DDR factors, DOCK2 KD cells exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to Chk1 inhibitor MK8776, Wee1 inhibitor MK1775 and Rad51 inhibitor B02. Moreover, synergistic effects between these DDR inhibitors and Ara-C, as indicated by increased apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation, were observed at markedly lower concentrations in FLT3/ITD cells with DOCK2 KD. In contrast, DOCK2 KD in a leukemia cell line expressing WT FLT3 (REH) did not lead to down-regulation of the activity of FLT3 or DDR factors, and no enhancement in sensitivity toward DDR inhibitors was observed. These findings suggest that FLT3/ITD and Rac1 activity cooperatively modulate DDR and MMR activity in leukemic cells. The increased DNA damage repair activity of FLT3/ITD leukemia cells may play a role in the relatively poor response of FLT3/ITD AML to standard AML chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, the addition of DDR inhibitors to conventional chemotherapy may be useful in the treatment of FLT3/ITD AML, and pharmacologic inhibition of the Rac signaling pathways via DOCK2 may provide a novel and promising therapeutic target for FLT3/ITD AML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Summary Due to its ability to produce complex parts with no need for pre-tooling Additive Layer Manufacturing processes (ALM) are promising technologies with 3D inkjet printing being one of them. The latter is based on the polymerization of a liquid dispensed into a powder bed. However, the special challenges, which have to be met here, are to increase product quality such as tensile strength und density on a repeatable base. Consequently, multi-scale simulation models were developed to support material researchers as well as users of the technology in their daily work and therefore to contribute to process stability and material reliability of 3D printers and their products.


Article history: Received 12 October 2016 Received in revised form 1 December 2016 Accepted 2 December 2016 Available online 11 December 2016 This paper investigates the severity level of wear metals occurred in Perodua MyVi 1300cc automatic transmission (AT) mechanism via multi-elemental spectrometric oil analysis. The work of analysis was performed merely on automatic transmission fluid (ATF) Perodua original equipment manufacturer (OEM) (ATF-3) series. The ATF was analyzed through actual operating distances. The operating mileage observed and analyzed was divided into three main categories. Category sample number (S1-S6) categorized as travelling distance (TD1) between 800km up to less than 20,000km travelling distance. Sample number (S7-S17) and (S18-S26) were each representing the operating travelling distance (TD2) and (TD3) encompassed of 20,000km up to less than 40,000km and 40,000km up to less than 60,000km, respectively. This analysis is primarily commenced based on limitations of the wear particle size that usually expressed as wear concentration in parts-per-million (ppm) unit. The typical concentration range for every element is between 1-100 ppm and the severity level of concentration for every element varies from one another. The element of Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), (Ferum) Fe, Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Tin (Sn), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V), Manganese (Mn), Argentum (Ag), Cadmium (Cd) are principally categorized as the wear elements. Barium (Ba), Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Molybdenum (Mo), Phosphorus (P), Silicon (Si), Natrium (Na) and Zinc (Zn) are considered as additive elements which is subject to deplete and contaminate during used. From the analysis commenced, it was observed that the elements of Fe, Cu and Al were the most significant wear elements occurred throughout each operating categories and the occurrence of oxidation to be considered minimal as the element of phosphorus increases which indicates no sign of additive depletion to occur though the ATF had been used beyond its recommended period.


A 13-year-old girl was referred to the Eye Department of the Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK, with sudden profound loss of vision in her left eye of 3 days duration associated with right inguinal lymphadenopathy. She was a fit, healthy cooperative child with no history of recent viral infections. She had not travelled abroad recently and had no known contact with tuberculosis. She did not have any pets. Her past medical and ocular history was unremarkable. On ocular examination, her visual acuity was 6/5 (right eye) and counting fingers (left eye). Colour vision and contrast sensitivity were markedly diminished in her left eye. There was a marked left afferent pupillary defect, her anterior segment was otherwise within normal limits. The left optic nerve head was grossly swollen with venous congestion and a prominent macular star. There was no vitritis. The retinal periphery was normal. Her left visual field revealed a central scotoma. The right eye was normal. A provisional diagnosis of neuroretinitis due to Epstein-Barr virus was made. No treatment was started. The patient was referred to the Paediatric Department in view of her inguinal lymphadenopathy. Paediatric assessment revealed two rubbery, mobile lymph nodes in the right inguinal area. The more superficial one measured 2.5 × 1.5 cm, and the smaller one deep to this measured 1 × 1 cm. They were non-tender and noninflamed. Systemic examination was otherwise unremarkable. There was no skin rash, bruises or papules evident. Further investigations included total blood counts, urea and electrolytes, virology, toxoplasmosis antibody, purified protein derivative, chest radiograph, pelvic and lymph nodes ultrasound and a brain computerized tomography scan. All these investigations did not reveal any abnormality. However, her IgG titres for Rochalimaea henselae were significantly raised, suggesting a recent infection. On subsequent questioning, the child gave a history of having recent contact with a kitten and was covered with fine cat scratches. A follow-up visit at 5 months revealed that her vision had improved to 6/6 and the disc oedema had decreased remarkably. The lymph node enlargement had also resolved.


Relative effects of the abiotic environment and time of sampling on population estimates of Lygus hesperus Knight in lentils were determined during 2 years. Sweepnet samples were taken randomly at two locations in two fields every hour for 72 consecutive hours. Light, temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity were the abiotic factors studied. Number of L. hesperus adults collected by sweepnet in lentils and the abiotic factors monitored in 1983 or early season 1984 were not correlated. There is no predictable optimum time within a 24-h cycle for sweepnet sampling of adults early in the season. Optimum sampling time for lygus bug nymphs late in the season was late afternoon. Lygus bug nymphs collected by sweepnet were correlated with relative humidity, temperature, and light in both years.


President Evan R. Collins at his Monday afternoon conference with students announced reasons for the deferment of accreditation for the School of Social Welfare on 221 Ontario Street. He explained that the Council for Social Work on Education announced that there will be a deferment of accreditation for the School of Social Welfare. The relative short existence of the " school was cited as the primary reason for Its deferment. The School is beginning Its second year of operation this fall. The school will be eligible for accreditation again In the spring of 1968. If accreditation Is deferred once again It will be again eligible In spring of 1969. If accreditation Is approved by the spring of 1969 those students who graduated with a degree In this area before accreditation will receive a tacit accreditation. The School of Social Welfare which presently offers undergraduate as well as graduate courses at the University Is already accredited by the State Education Department in Albany. Tentatively planned are additional undergraduate courses and field experience for the summer and fall of 1968. Upon the completion of their undergraduate education in Social Welfare graduates may enter employment in social agencies. ABOUT 250 FRESHMEN attended the freshmen


 Abstract — In review the generalized data about different methods of extraction, separation and purification of natural and modify anthraquinones is presented. The basic regularity of an isolation process is analyzed. Action of temperature, pH, and polarity of extragent, catalysts and other factors on an isolation process is revealed.


By means of artifical neural network and back-propagation algorithm, the two-component metal coordinate compounds of PAR-Cu, Cd were determined simultaneously, in which the spectra overlapped. The experiment results show that the determination is accurate, and the method has good performance.


Abstract This paper addresses the problem of estimating the population mean at the current occasion in two occasion successive sampling when non-response occurs on the current (second) occasions. Using the power transformation we have suggested classes of estimators of current population mean and their properties are studied. Optimum replacement strategies for the proposed estimators have been given and empirical studies are carried out to assess the performance of estimators. We have made suitable recommendation to the practitioners on the basis of the empirical study.


The differences between the 'mind' and the 'spirit' was veiled by the blurry word 'soul' for a long time in history.The classical theologists knew how to distinguish the two conceptions in activities, however,they did not treatise them clearly.With the ignorance of the differences,it is easy for the human beings to sink into ' the arrogance of self-heart' from the humility which they should keep.I try to find the boundaries of the two notions in the tradition of the Holy Scripture in the following text.Based on the analysis of the St.Augustine's discussion,I want to visualize the divisions.Furthermore,I will illuminate why this kind of division appears more important and necessary in modern society.The dimensions of the concept 'mind' in the Holy Bible are basicly deal with the secularity of people and rarely refer to the divineness which however is considered as their ultimate intention.Spirituality is the deity flushed from the Cod and is the divine dimension of human beings which is relevant to the divineness of the world.It plays an important part in human's intuitional experience and communion with the Lord.About the differences of the two important conceptions,St. Augustine have refered in his works.Although his understanding about the spirit and soul is different from today,it still be revelatory.According to my understanding with the two concepts and the Augustine's discussion,I differentiate 'mind' and 'spirit' in four aspects and consider spirituality as a higher notion in Christian tradition.In my opinion,the blurry of these two notions is caused by the expand of human's reason assuredness.On the other hand,this blurry will cause the arrogance and pretension of human beings.So it is necessary to distinguish the distinctness of the two,which is intent to keep the humble and aweful mind of the human beings.


Allergic reactions to betalactams are common.In this hypersensitivity to penicillin occur in 0.7-10% of drug treatments. The reliable diagnosis of allergy to betalactams is particulatly difficult to achive. The results demonstrate that 17% of patients had positive LTT and 13% of patients CAST to penicillin G. It is suggested that CAST may be a useful test for diagnosing hypersentitivity to betalactams.


Purpose: To measure the thicknesses of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular retinal ganglion cell-in-ner plexiform layer (GCIPL) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy Korean children and adolescents. Methods: Circumpapillary RNFL and macular GCIPL thicknesses were measured by OCT in 352 healthy eyes of 352 children and adolescents (child-adolescent group) aged 5–17 years and in 159 healthy eyes of 159 adults (adult group) aged 18-75 years. The difference in RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses between the groups and the effects of age and refractive errors on the measure-ments were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the children and adults were 9.7 ± 3.6 and 44.7 ± 15.7 years, respectively. The mean of the average RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses were 103.1 ± 9.2 and 85.7 ± 4.6 µm, respectively, in the children group and 97.8 ± 8.2 and 82.9 ± 4.4 µm, respectively, in the adult group. The child-adolescent group had greater RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses compared to the adult group in all areas ( p < 0.05) with the exception of the RNFL thickness in the temporal quadrant ( p = 0.555). A thinner RNFL and thinner GCIPL were significantly associated with older age and greater myopia ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The mean RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses measured by OCT in the healthy eyes of children and adolescents were 103.1 and 85.7 µm, respectively. Children and adolescents had a thicker RNFL and GCIPL compared to adults.