The article begins by providing an overview of the conceptual roots of addiction as a disorder as described in DSM-5 and ICD-11. The underlying organ-pathological perspective is then criticized and an alternative social-science perspective is presented: The "dependence syndrome" defines addiction independently of the cultural, socio-demographic and situational context. States of inebriation are reduced to the effects of substances described in pharmacological terms. Diagnoses are based on only a few abstract criteria. The biography of the person affected is not taken into account; neither are the severity of the disorder (e.g. quantity and frequency of consumption or activity), sociodemographic characteristics or defense structure. The core concept of "impaired control" is a metaphor: The individual's hierarchically structured ability to control her addictive behavior is not clarified. Neurobiological models contain overgeneralizations and speculative connections between brain processes and addictive behavior. One aspect which remains unconsidered is that addiction is primarily social. Addiction is rooted in a continuing lack of social integration and requires a wide range of inebriation-specific incentives. Addictive behavior can be seen as a purposeful coping mechanism for excessive burdens. In order to overcome an addiction, the sufferer's autonomy needs to be strengthened in order to ensure the regeneration of physical health, individual competences and interpersonal relationships. This requires the cooperation of the relevant professional groups.


Objective To explore the expression of COX-2,Ki-67,VEGF in carcinoma of larynx and its significance.Methods lmmunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of COX-2,Ki-67,VEGF in 39 cases of laryngeal carcinoma,7 cases of normal laryngeal tissues and 9 cases of vocal cords polypus.Results The positive rate of COX-2,Ki-67,VEGF was 58.3%(21/36),72.2%(26/36) and 77.7%(28/36) in laryngeal carcinoma,0(0/9),22.2%(2/9) and 33.3%(3/9)in vocal cords polypus,0(0/1),14.3%(1/7) and 42.9%(3/7) in normal laryngeal tissues respectively,positively expressive correlation of COX-2,Ki-67,VEGF in carcinoma of larynx(P0.05).Conclusion The occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma may be closely related to the expression of COX-2,Ki67 and VEGF.In addition,they have positively expressive correlation.COX-2,ki-67,VEGF may be the prognostic discriminators in laryngeal Carcinoma.


Purpose:To study the RNA interference-mediated inhibition of survivin gene on the proliferation of human breast cancer SKBr-3 cells. Methods:SKBr-3 cells were transfected with a pSUPER-S1 vector plasmid that expressed survivin-targeted small interfering RNA, and the mRNA and protein levels of survivin gene were measured with RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The proliferation of transfected SKBr-3 cells was investigated through colony forming assay and MTT assay. The cell cycle phases were determined by flow cytometry(FCM). Results:The mRNA and protein levels of survivin declined markedly in pSUPER-S1-transfected SKBr-3 cells. And the colony forming rate of those cells(38±16.70)% was significantly lower than that of the control cells(90.3±4.04)%.The growth of the pSUPER-S1-transfected cells was decelerated and the cell cycle was mainly blocked at G_(1) phase(74.03±8.91)%. Conclusions:survivin gene silencing by RNA interference contributed to a distinctive inhibition of the proliferation of human breast cancer SKBr-3 cells in vitro.


To determine alteration in left ventricular (LV) myocardial stiffness (MS) with hypertension (HTN). Cardiac MR elastography (MRE) was used to estimate MS in HTN induced pigs and MRE‐derived MS measurements were compared against LV pressure, thickness and circumferential strain.


Summary

A study has been made of the colonization by soil fungi of kaolin pellets in which was incorporated either a lignin preparation extracted from Phragmites or the lignin-related substances, vanillic acid or α-conidendrol. Fungi isolated from the lignin pellets by the dilution method were grown in liquid culture containing the Phragmites lignin. Subsequent analysis by UV absorption spectrometry indicated up to 40 per cent loss of this material. IR analysis of the residual lignin showed that it was little altered.

Fungi from the pellets containing vanillic acid and α-conidendrol were isolated by direct transfer of spores and mycelium from the pellets to agar plates. The range of soil fungi already known to metabolize vanillic acid in pure culture was extended by this method and included Stilbum spp., Humicola sp., and two unidentified species. Dry-weight determinations of mycelia combined with UV absorption spectrometry and paper chromatography of culture filtrates indicated that, with the exception of Acremoniella sp., all isolates metabolized vanillic acid when it was supplied as sole C source. Growth-promoting substances present in yeast extract were required by Volutella spp. before the vanillic acid was metabolized.

The pellet technique offers many possibilities for studying the microbiological degradation of soil substances and in addition enables the soil micro-habitats to be explored in greater detail than has previously been possible.


Assuring a high material availability for producti on is while reducing sourcing costs remains a major logistical challenge for producing companies. Lean economic processes, flexibility and responsiveness - beneficial both for the customer and for the supplier - are characteris tics of an excellent customer-supplier relationship . Standard sourcing models offer a field-tested approach for setting up across company boarders processes.


The conventional timing extraction method for block demodulation requires a large amount of calculation, a high-speed A/D (analog/digital) converter and a large memory size. A method that overcomes these disadvantages is proposed. It calculates accurate frequency and phase of symbol timing from only two extracted spectra by using a modified discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Thus it requires less calculation than the conventional method. In addition, interpolation of stored data is used to reduce the sampling rate. As a result the method can use a slower A/D converter and has a reduced memory requirement. The lower limit of the number of samples per symbol can be reduced to about 2.5.<<ETX>>


Urushi (Japanese lacquer) is a natural resin paint with electrical insulating capability. We focused on Japanese patterns on an urushi-ware that is a product coated urushi. To make urushi-wares interactive without losing elegance and beauty, we transformed Japanese patterns into near-field communication (NFC) antenna patterns. We developed three types of prototype antennas and confirmed their functionality. In addition, we developed an IC key tag and an interactive lunch box as example applications of interactive urushi-wares.


In differentiated goods markets with societal implications, quality standards are commonly implemented to avoid the under-provision of innovation. Firms have clear incentives to engage in strategic behavior because policymakers use market outcomes as a benchmark in designing regulation. This study examines a unique energy efficiency standard for television sets, under which future minimum efficiency standards are explicitly a function of current product offerings. The setting illustrates firms' dual incentives at work: A firm better differentiates products under a looser standard, but may want to induce a tighter standard if it can benefit from raising rivals' costs. These incentives drive firms to ratchet quality. We develop a structural model of product entry that illustrates how the regulator's standard setting rule affects a firm's product quality decision. Counterfactual simulations illustrate that ratcheting down was prevalent in this market and that incentives to ratchet up did not exist. The results suggest that in many commonly regulated markets in which firms share similar cost structures, firms are likely to experience incentives to ratchet down and delay the introduction of innovative products. The study highlights the importance of understanding supply side incentives, such as ratcheting, in designing and assessing policy.


Introduction: A registry for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests facilitates cardiac arrest research, and emergency medical services (EMS) and community health quality improvement programs. Maintaining...


—Concentrations of phosphocreatine, creatine, ATP, ADP and AMP were measured in the cerebral cortex of rats during insulin‐induced hypoglycemia. Blood glucose concentrations were related to clinical symptoms in unanaesthetized animals and to the EEG pattern in paralysed and lightly anaesthetized animals. There was an excellent correlation between blood glucose concentration and EEG pattern. In animals showing a pronounced slowing of the EEG or convulsive polyspike activity for up to 20 min, there were no changes in any of the phosphates. However, after prolonged convulsive activity some animals showed clear signs of energy failure, and in all animals with an isoelectric EEG there was a major derangement of the energy state. Since the majority of those animals did not show signs of cerebral hypoxia or ischemia it is concluded that hypoglycemic coma is accompanied by substrate deficiency of a degree sufficient to induce energy depletion of brain tissue.


e19023 Background: The brain is a frequent site of melanoma metastases (mets) and is associated with a poor prognosis. Therapeutic options are limited and include surgical resection, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and stereotactic radio-surgery (SRS). The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes and prognostic factors in patients treated with SRS in a single institution. Methods: Patients with brain mets from melanoma were retrospectively identified by chart review from 1999 to 2006. All brain mets were diagnosed with contrast brain MRI. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the time of the diagnosis of brain mets to death and calculated using Kaplan Meier estimates and Cox models adjusted for clinical factors. Age, sex, Breslow thickness, location, type, ulceration, sentinel node status, number of brain mets, WBRT, receiving temozolomide, neurologic progression of disease, LDH level within 3 months from death were also analyzed. Results: 73 patients (age 20-92, median = 49) were identified wi...


In recent years, the self-reflection teaching mode has become more and more valued by educators, and the action research developed under this model advocates teachers to systematically observe and reflect on their own teaching actions, discover and ask questions. To achieve the purpose of improving teaching methods and improving teaching results. At the same time, the teacher himself established a new teaching concept in the research process, constantly improving the teaching professional skills. Action research effectively solves the problem of disconnection between teaching and research, and is a new type of teaching philosophy and method.


MQ-2 integrates a Prolog console into the MagicDraw modeling environment and equips this console with features targeted specifically to the task of querying models. The vision of MQ-2 is to make Prolog-based model querying accessible to both student and expert modelers by offering powerful query features and a tight integration with the host modeling environment.


This report is the result of a joint research project between Share Academy and the National Co-ordinating Centre for Public Engagement (NCCPE), funded by Arts Council England (ACE) with the objective of investigating current collaborative activities happening between universities and museums in England. This report comprises of one of the outputs from a wider portfolio of work undertaken in 2016 by Share Academy and the NCCPE under the umbrella of the Museum University Partnerships Initiative (MUPI).

This report is a synthesis of existing knowledge from Share Academy and the NCCPE and background research on five strategic organisations researching, facilitating or advocating for collaborative activities between universities and museums in England. The five organisations this report draws on are: Beyond the Creative Campus, the University Museums Group (UMG), The National Archives (TNA), The Cultural Capital Exchange (TCCE), and the AHRC's Connected Communities programme. The findings laid out in this report are drawn from information publically available, grey literature published by the five organisations and a series of five interviews with representatives of the five organisations.


Approaches are being developed to improve complex product development from the perspective of value generation. However, the ideas and their relationships are still not fully articulated. We provide a structured literature review, with a primary but not exclusive focus on value ideas relating to lean in complex system product development. A framework organizes the concepts, methods, and their relationships. It clarifies the value delivery mechanism and could help to understand and thus improve value systems. Areas deserving further research attention are identified.


This article presents a literature review of the main second language acquisition (SLA) theories. It first deals with the very beginning of SLA studies in the middle of the 20 th century, focusing on the studies of Fries and Lado, and then moves on to describe some of the theoretical proposals over the past four decades. Ten theories are briefly described: the structural or behaviorist approach, the pidginization hypothesis or acculturation theory, the identity approach, the input or comprehension hypothesis, the interaction hypothesis, the output hypothesis, the universal grammar theory, the sociocultural theory, the connectionist theory, and the complex systems framework.


Changes in age at onset of puberty and age at first intercourse in the Netherlands are explored. The focus is on shifts in attitudes toward these events since the turn of the century. Data are from the 1968 and 1981 Sexuality in the Netherlands Surveys and the 1989 Netherlands Youth Sexuality Survey. (ANNOTATION)


Background: Nowadays, taking lateral cephalograms in natural head position is recommended however, the radiographic norms vary in different populations. Performance of cephalometric analysis has become much easier and more accurate using computer software. Objective: The aim of present study was to program software for Mesh analysis and constructing two normal Mesh templates for cities of Qazvin and Mashhad. Methods: This was a descriptive study in which the Mesh analysis software was programmed by means of Microsoft visual C++ based on Windows XP using My-SQL as database. The samples were NHP cephalograms from 11 to 13 years old adolescence with normal occlusion including 37 (21 girls and16 boys) in the city of Qazvin and 65 (32 girls and 33 boys) in the city of Mashhad. The cephalograms were scanned and 4 Mesh templates constructed for each gender in each of two cities using Moorees method. The dimensions of each of the 34 landmarks of each template were statistically compared with each other by means of ttest in both boys and girls, separately. Findings: Among girls, 38 measures out of 68 (17 width and 21 height) and in boys 20 measures out of 68 (8 width and 12 height) indicated significant statistical differences between two cities. Conclusion: In addition to sex, age, and the dimensions of SN and N-ANS, the ethnical origin of patients should be considered when dentoskeletal analysis of abnormalities is performed.


The roots of humanistic spirits reflected in literature lie in the product of the inter-relationship between the living state of people and social reality in which human beings live and develop.The inharmony of the two may result in the psychological unbalance and people's abnormality,which will be reflected in literary works.The occurrence of mass culture in the 1990's is the continuation of Chinese cultural spirits are well as a product of the era,which has humanistic sense.However,mass culture is also a two-foled sword,which has certain negative effect.We should hold a dialetic point of view toward the mass culture in order to analyse its present state and establish a mass culture with Chinese


A novel organic chromophore 4, 4′-bis(9-carbazyl-trans-styryl)-biphenyl (BCSBP) has been synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR and elemental analysis. Three-photon absorption (3PA) induced upconvention fluorescence was observed and large 3PA cross section as high as 10-74 cm6 s2 was obtained for nanosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm from optical limiting measurements.


CAN-mediated oxidative rearrangement of various vinylidenecyclopropanes under mild conditions generates unsymmetrical divinyl ketone and functional enone derivatives in moderate to good yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectivities. The reaction mechanism was investigated on the basis of an oxygen-18 tracer experiment.


This paper focuses on the corporate governance reforms in Malaysia since the 1997/1998 Asian financial crisis. Drawing upon ten in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with leading players who were highly involved in Malaysia's corporate governance development, together with a review of the literature in this area, the paper offers evidence on the meaning of corporate governance in the Malaysian context, the factors behind the recent reforms and views on the appropriate corporate governance system for Malaysia. While it is shown that Malaysia's corporate governance reforms has modelled on the Anglo-American systems to a large extent, the majority of the interviewees placed greater emphasis on the social aspect of corporate governance in contrast to the traditional notion of shareholder accountability. The main concern raised in the paper is that without changes in the previous problematic corporate culture, the intended purpose of the recent corporate governance reforms will unlikely to be achieved.


With the development of the public science and technology service capabilities in Guangdong,the public agricultural science and technology human resource management in Guangdong has been greatly improved,which has become the powerful point to promote the development of agricultural industry.Human resource is an important force in the innovation of science and technology,thus it's significant for the development of Guangdong's agriculture industry to improve the agricultural public science and technology human resource management's level.However,there are many problems of agricultural public science and technology human resource management in Guangdong,such as the poor human resource management concepts,the weak competition and incentive mechanism,the unscientific performance evaluation system and the insufficient human resource exploitation.In order to give full play to potential of the personnel of Guangdong's agricultural public science and technology,and improve the efficiency of scientific research,it is necessary to establish a new concept of people-oriented human resource management,to found a sound competition and incentive mechanism,and to set up a realistic performance evaluation system,as well as a complete training system.


ABSTRACT It is well documented that sole application of potassium (K) or mycorrhizal fungi can alleviate heavy metal stress in plants. As an indicator of the efficient defense in the mycorrhizal fungi-plant system, glomalin synthesis in the rhizosphere can be determined. In this study, interactive effects of mycorrhizal fungi (MY) and K on glomalin content, heavy metal uptake and mycorrhizal properties of sunflower plants were examined with three soil K levels (0, 100, and 200 mg K kg−1 using K2SO4). The three levels of mycorrhization are: i) no mycorrhizal inoculation, ii) Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation, and iii) mixed mycorrhizal inoculum application. Joint application of potassium and mycorrhiza significantly increased the percentage of root colonization and easily extractable glomalin (EEG), showing 56% root colonization in the treatment of K100 + mixed mycorrhiza and 178 µg EEG g−1 in the treatment of K200 + mixed mycorrhiza. Joint application of MY and K significantly reduced the translocation of heavy metals to the shoot of the plants. The highest total uptake of Zn by plants per pot (2.01 mg pot −1) and Pb (0.78 mg pot −1) were found in non-mycorrhizal plants. The MY and K treatments also increased the chlorophyll content and leaf area index by 57%. This study concluded that application of potassium and mycorrhizal fungi enhanced glomalin production and increased plant resistance to heavy metal stress.


In this article, we propose a new approach to addressing the issue of active SLAM. In this design, we used the already functional SLAM algorithm, which we modified for our case. Matlab was used as the main software tool. All proposed methods were experimentally verified on a mobile robotic system. We used LiDAR as the primary sensor. After mapping the environment, we created a grid map. The grid map may be used for the navigation of the mobile robotic system, but the navigation and control of the mobile robotic system are not involved in this article. The result of the whole process is an autonomous mapping of the environment.


Our research work deals with the modeling of the ultrasonic guided propagation in cylindrical porous layer-substrate structure aiming to find the dispersion curves of the structure and the displacements field in the structure. The obtained dispersion curves permitted to determine the propagation modes in the structure while the displacements field found determine the energy repartition of these modes in the structure. In the other hand, we analyzed the effect of the porosity of the layer as well as the impact of the layer-substrate adherence quality on the dispersion modes. The industrial application aimed by our study is the ultrasonic non-destructive control of the porous coating of cylindrical walls used as mechanical and thermal barrier.


Objective To develop a critical value report monitoring system.Methods Current laboratory information system was used in hospital and the system was combined with local area network and GSM networks communication technology.Results Hardware and software development of critical value report monitoring system was completed which could report critical value through wired network and wireless short message service.Conclusion The system extends the applications of hospital laboratory information system,and makes a useful attempt for digital hospital.


Some critical work-procedures whose quality controlling method and quality inspection method after forming piles are discussed and analyzed,these work procedures mainly include the forming-holes process,the injection underwater concrete and so on.Meanwhile,some methods and measures to ensure construction quality for the bored injection piles are also proposed in order to ensure and promote the forming quality of the bored injection pile.


I. Introductory, — II. The Issue and its Joinder, 308. — III. Judgment delivered, 311. — The Opinions of Lukin and Beeby, 312. — The Opinion of the Chief Judge, 314. — IV. Evidence on Australian Productivity before and after the War, 319. — V. The Judgment and the Fiscal Policy of Australia, 321. — VI. Indications of the attitude of the Court on subsequent applications, 322. — VII. Decisions on subsequent applications of 1927, 325.


The impact of managers' incentives and earnings management methods on investor sentiment, based on 9581 listed firms in China from 2006 to 2011, is studied. This paper examines the influence of managers' incentives and earnings management methods on investor sentiment and intends to study how managers' incentives influence real earnings management (REM) and earnings management methods, and following on how REM and earnings management methods influence investor sentiment. The empirical results indicate that managers use REM to manipulate the earnings in order to be able to declare a profit, avoid loss, refinance, and change executives. The listed companies with higher executive compensations prefer to use accrual earnings management (AEM). However, making larger profits by using REM activities is not a universal phenomenon in China because the capital market in China is not efficient. This paper also finds that, when a company makes larger profits using REM activities, investors are optimistic. When a company uses AEM activities to increase earnings, investors readily recognize AEM and they become pessimistic.


ABSTRACT Farley draws a parallel between the philosophical anti-essentialism of queer theory and the theological anti-essentialism of apophatic theology. She argues that absolutizing interpretations of authority conspire with dogmatic theology to strip reality of its mystery and human beings of their dignity. Greater attention to anti-essentialist theology provides one strategy toward appreciation of plurality, not least queer embodiments of the human adventure.


Imaging plays an important factor in patient management in modern medicine. However this dependence on certain imaging modalities has increased the exposure of patients and indeed the general population to ionising radiation. The benefit of this increased use of modalities involving ionising radiation, comes at a potential cost as ionising radiation is well recognized as a potential cause of cancer. The risks of ionising radiation will be highlighted, as will strategies for minimizing that risk.


Displacement caused by tunnel excavation soil may cause the deformation of the buildings or structures nearby and even cause disaster. On the background of a large diameter slurry shield obliquely Under-passing embankment of The Yangtze River. First of all, three dimensional finite element method is used to make a dynamic analysis of the embankment settlement. And the result is compared with the measured values, the accuracy of the finite element method was verified. Then, the stratum settlement of embankment is analyzed under different cross Angle and depth of tunnel. Some useful conclusions are drawn, which can provide some useful reference for similar engineering of tunnel under-passing embankment.


The glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique, unlike a conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, incorporates a flux of atoms that are obliquely incident on a tilted and rotating substrate. Instead of a continuous thin film coating, these atoms can form arrays of three-dimensional nanostructures due to a shadowing effect. By simply controlling the deposition angle and substrate rotation speed, nanostructures of a large variety of materials in the shapes of rods, screws, or springs can be obtained easily that are otherwise difficult to produce by conventional lithographical techniques. In this study, a brief overview of the growth mechanisms of GLAD nanostructures is presented. In addition, a new small angle deposition (SAD) technique as a simple means of conformally coating nanorod or nanowire arrays is described. SAD utilizes a small tilt angle during PVD on nanostructured substrates, which allows the effective exposure of nanorod sidewalls to the incoming flux and leads to enhanced thin film conformality. In this work, some recent results on core-shell nanorod arrays obtained by coating GLAD nanorods with a SAD shell will be presented. It will be shown that core-shell nanostructured geometries obtained by the simple SAD-GLAD method can significantly enhance catalyst activity for fuel cell electrodes, and charge carrier collection efficiency in photoconductive/semiconductor nanostructured materials.


Molecular dynamics answers the question "what is 'liquid'?" by describing the detailed dynamic structure of simulated liquids in the many-dimensional phase space of statistical mechanics. The Lyapunov instabilities of liquid motion reveal collective dynamic modes, quite unlike those of solid state studies, superimposed on the van der Waals hard particle static structure. Here we illustrate these developments in the characterization of 'liquid' with examples from our recent dynamic instability studies of two-dimensional dumbbell fluids.


We address the problem of reachability analysis for large finite state systems. Symbolic techniques have revolutionized reachability analysis but still have limitations in traversing large systems. We present techniques to improve the symbolic breadth-first traversal and compute a lower bound on the reachable states. We identify the problem as one of density during traversal and our techniques seek to improve the same. Our results show a marked improvement on the existing breadth-first traversal methods.


Hydroxyurea and ruxolitinib are frequently used to treat myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythaemia vera, and chronic treatment is associated with many cutaneous adverse effects such as the development of aggressive non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We report an 85‐year‐old man with a history of hydroxyurea‐ and ruxolitinib‐treated polycythaemia vera who was referred for the management of progressively growing tumours on his scalp. Histopathology of the largest scalp lesion revealed a partly desmoplastic cutaneous squamous carcinoma with perineural invasion. Initial imaging revealed metastatic disease in cervical lymph nodes, bones and lungs. The scalp lesions were successfully treated with bleomycin‐based electrochemotherapy. Under initial systemic therapy using four cycles of cetuximab, metastatic disease progressed. Following the approval by the health insurance, compassionate use of pembrolizumab monotherapy was initiated. After three cycles of pembrolizumab, however, metastatic disease further progressed and the patient finally died from global respiratory insufficiency. The present case exemplifies the cutaneous adverse effects of long‐term hydroxyurea and ruxolitinib therapy, frequently resulting in highly aggressive NMSCs that are usually not responsive to systemic treatments even such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.


The present study of the effect of roughness density on the mean flow turbulence parameters is motivated by the need for new generation of boundary conditions for multiphase computational multiphase fluid dynamics (CMFD) models applied to boiling flows. Effect of roughness element density on the turbulent flow in a channel is quantified through direct numerical simulations (DNSs). The Navier--Stokes equations are solved using finite element method and bubbles are approximated as rigid near-hemispherical obstacles at the wall. Six different cases were analysed including channel flow with smooth wall and channel flow with rough wall for five different bubble nucleation site densities. Friction factor and the law of the wall was calculated and compared with the previously published results. Existing correlations for nucleating bubble site density dependency on a wall heat flux were used to obtain a relation between the heat flux and the friction factor, leading to the law of the wall dependency on the heat f...


The use of natural products in developing respiratory-function-protective pharmaceuticals is actively progressing. However, in this context, the improvement effects of young Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) extracts have not been evaluated yet. Thus, this study investigated the anti-inflammatory and lung damage improvement effects of immature Asian pear extract (IAP; 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg) using a particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5)-induced sub-acute lung injury mouse model. The experimental results were compared with dexamethasone (0.75 mg/kg), used as a control drug. After two intranasal instillations of PM2.5 and ten doses of IAP extract for eight days, changes in macroscopic lung autopsy, leukocyte fractionation from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung antioxidant defense system, lung histopathology, and mRNA expression in lung tissue were confirmed. Stress-induced inflammatory lung damage through the increased expression of PM2.5-induced PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK mRNA was significantly suppressed via the administration of IAP extract (400–100 mg/kg). Furthermore, IAP extract administration promoted serous fluid production in lung tissue, increased substance P and ACh levels, and decreased mucus-production-related expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA. Interestingly, the observed effects showed a dose-dependent manner without serious hepatotoxicity. The results of this study indicate that a proper oral administration of IAP extract could be helpful in protecting against lung diseases, positioning IAP extract as a potential candidate for an alternative agent to safeguard the respiratory system.


Many poems about the beloved's beauty have been produced during the periods of Renaissance and Romanticism in English literature. Shakespeare's So


A cross-coupling reaction between secondary propargylic acetates and alkenylboronic acids proceeded to give 1,4-enynes in good yields without adding transition metal catalyst and base. This simple protocol was also applicable to arylboronic acids, which gave 3-arylated alkynes in good yields. The observed induction period suggested that the reaction of propargylic acetates and organoboronic acids was affected by the in-situ generated AcOH as a catalyst, which was confirmed by a separate experiment.


In this paper, we consider a efficient and security large file content push problem in a large-scale distributed content delivery networks. In order to improve the work of FastReplica [2], we propose a novel content push policy, called TRRR (tree-round-Robin-replica),for an efficient and reliable replication solution of large files in the content delivery networks environment. As part of this study, we carry out some experiments to verify TRRR algorithm in small scale. We demonstrate in experiment that TRRR significantly reduces the file distribution/replication time as compared with traditional policies such as multiple unicast in content delivery networks. At last, from our research experiences and related survey, we analyze the prospective research direction and challenges in this field. We expect to expand TRRR to be scalable and reliable which can be used for replication of large files to a large group of nodes.


Streptococcus suis is one of the most important porcine bacterial pathogens, responsible for sudden death and meningitis, alongside a variety of other pathologies. Moreover, it is a zoonotic agent causing septic shock and meningitis in humans, being among the most important causes of adult bacterial meningitis in South-East Asia and responsible for two human outbreaks in China. Of the 35 described serotypes, serotype 2 is the most important worldwide with regards to both porcine and human cases of infection. However, serotype 2 strains are genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous, with greatly varying virulence levels, fact that has complexified research on this pathogen. The ability of S. suis to cause a variety of pathologies is the result of its ability to adapt to several hosts and environments. Being a natural inhabitant of pigs, S. suis colonizes the nasal and oral cavities, the tonsils, and the upper respiratory tract. Breaching of the mucosa is a critical step that allows the bacterium to reach the bloodstream where, following replication, bacteremia will lead to the development of systemic pathologies characteristic of this pathogen. In the case where the host survives the systemic infection, bacteria may reach the central nervous system (CNS) following entry via either the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) to cause meningitis. However, entry of S. suis into the CNS remains largely misunderstood. While some studies have proposed the BCSFB as the main site of entry, the BBB represents a much more important surface area, thus allowing greater opportunities for the pathogen to traverse. Indeed, various studies have demonstrated that S. suis is capable of interacting with the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) constituting the BBB. The unique pathogenesis of this bacterium is the result of its multitude of virulence factors, many of which are considered putative, with often misunderstood and controversial roles. Of these, the factor H-binding protein (Fhb) was first described as being involved in the recruitment of factor H to the S. suis surface and degradation of C3b into iC3b to reduce opsonophagocytosis, while also increasing adherence to and invasion of host cells. Moreover, this Fhb was also demonstrated to be a streptococcal adhesion P (SadP), which recognizes the galactosyl-a1–4 galactose moiety of the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) cell receptor. However, Gb3 is only expressed by certain cell types, such as endothelial cells and, more particularly, BMECs. Interestingly, the S. suis Fhb, alongside its ability to bind factor H, was recently suggested to also contribute to the development of meningitis, though the mechanisms involved remain unknown. Moreover, while the interactions between bacteria and host cell surface carbohydrates have been suggested as critical initial steps for the development of disease, the role of Fhb-Gb3 interactions on the development of S. suismeningitis remain unknown. In this issue of Virulence, Kong et al. investigated the role of the S. suis Fhb in the development of meningitis and the involved mechanisms. Using the human hCMEC/D3 BMEC cell line, the authors created a monolayer model of the human BBB which they challenged with an isolate from the highly virulent clonal strain responsible for the 2005 human outbreak in China, demonstrating that S. suis crosses this monolayer via the paracellular route only. This result was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, where bacteria were observed at the cell margins whose tight junctions appeared


Is it possible to minimize the damage caused by the inhalation of mercury vapor leaking from amalgam fillings (precipitated by chewing, drinking hot beverages, teeth grinding, dental procedures, substandard 'soft' alloy preparations, galvanism) during pregnancy, while patients are waiting to get their amalgams replaced, during the procedure of having them replaced, or during heavy metal and chemical detoxification? DMPS, DMSA, and Metal-Free/PCA are known to cause side effects if used while amalgams are still in the teeth and are therefore contraindicated for these patients. NDF®, used as directed, has never been known to cause a side effect in any patient. We know that NDF® causes the excretion of heavy metals predominantly via the urine from independent lab data, but can it


Long wave radiation (LWR) forcing is determined in atmospheric global climate models (AGCMs) by a heating algorithm embedded in the model. These algorithms compute vertical heating rate (HR) profiles from profiles of temperature (T), moisture (Q), clouds, and minor atmospheric constituents; thus the HRs depend on the vertical structure of the input variables plus internal physics. The sensitivity of various algorithms (taken from AGCMs) to these input variables was tested; examples of their sensitivity can be found in Baer et al. (1996). It is particularly noteworthy that the algorithms are extremely sensitive to clouds.


In this study, the problem of a planar blast wave in a duct with a sudden expansion is considered. An incident blast wave that contains two shock waves is arranged so that one pair of vortex rings induced by the first shock wave interacts with the second shock wave of the blast wave and with the reflected shock associated with the first shock wave. A high-resolution Euler/Navier-Stokes solver using a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillation scheme is employed to investigate the problem. After the Euler/Navier-Stokes solver is validated to be reasonably accurate, the flow fields induced by the shock/vortex interactions are investigated by computational shadowgraph and computational schlieren techniques. It is found that the trajectories formed by major ring-vortex centers may be different case by case, depending on the arrival time sequence of the second shock wave and the reflected shock wave. In particular, a third vortex ring may be developed, causing the trajectory's turn at some critical time in viscous-flow models. Because of viscous dissipation, consequently stronger vortex-ring strength predicted by the inviscid-flow model than that for the viscous-flow model can result in 14-32% lower pressures at the major ring-vortex centers in the inviscid flow compared with the turbulent flow during the time interval investigated for case A, and 20-32% for case B, and 21-38% for case C. Because of the boundary layer development along the duct wall after the sudden expansion, the reflection type of the first shock wave is changed from a regular reflection in the inviscid-flow case to a single Mach reflection that directly affects the arrival time of the reflected shock wave at the sharp corner. Moreover, the mechanism of the vortex ring formation based on the inviscid-flow model is analyzed. It is found that the term due to the dilation effect also plays a more important role in vorticity generation than the baroclinic term.


Five states have established public access ombuds programs to provide education and resolve disputes related to open government laws. Virginia's Freedom of Information Advisory Council was the first of these programs, created in 2000 to serve as an independent resource for citizens, government and news media on public access matters. A case study of the council was conducted, primarily consisting of depth interviews with sources who have had close dealings with the program since it was created. The consensus of these sources was that the Freedom of Information Advisory Council has been effective in its education and dispute resolution missions, serving as an impartial agency for disputants to turn to for education, guidance and informal advice. Sources described a program that was thoughtfully designed and implemented, with strong leadership and stakeholder support, helping it to build credibility as an important resource in public access matters. While the council does not conduct investigations, thus serving as more of a "quasi-ombuds" than a "classic ombuds," the experience of Virginia's council can serve as an example for other jurisdictions considering dispute resolution options in open government laws.


The recursive maximum likelihood estimation (RMLE) algorithm conceived by Kay (see ibid., vol.ASSP-31, p.56, 1983) is extended to complex data sets. The complex version requires the same level of computation as that for real data. The original development was restricted to the case of realm data. The purpose is to extend RMLE to the more universal realm of complex data. The derivation is discussed. It is argued, without direct proof, that the algorithm is stable in the sense that the magnitude of the reflection coefficient at each step is less than unity. >


There are no religions which teach their followers to destroy human life and environment. The cases of violances which are happened in the every religion, actualliy not come from the religion itself, but it was sourced by many factors such as economics, politics, cultures, the follower's exegesis to the texts and etc. Here the author will analyze about the peace building terminology which is used by Quran, with thematic approach. Thematic approach is used to analyze the Quranic verses that contain the term of salam which are closely related to the peace building and non-violence movement. The results of study are that this term is directly related to positive attitude to life, and good interaction with the society, nature, and God especially.


In this demo, we demonstrate "Real-time Food Category Change'' based on a Conditional Cycle GAN (cCycle GAN) with a large-scale food image data collected from the Twitter Stream. Conditional Cycle GAN is an extension of CycleGAN, which enables "Food Category Change'' among ten kinds of typical foods served in bowl-type dishes such as beef rice bowl and ramen noodles. The proposed system enables us to change the appearance of a given food photo according to the given category keeping the shape of the given food but exchanging its textures. For training, we used two hundred and thirty thousand food images which achieved very natural food category change among ten kinds of typical Japanese foods: ramen noodle, curry rice, fried rice, beef rice bowl, chilled noodle, spaghetti with meat source, white rice, eel bowl, and fried noodle.


This article discusses two sets of neurological case histories, A. R. Luria's The Man with a Shattered World and Oliver Sack's Awakenings, and argues that these histories display two paradigmatic explanations for the mind/brain relation, and that the movement from one paradigm to another also necessitates a movement to different forms of discourse. One explanation comes from the physical sciences and results in logical, quantitative exposition. The other originates in the human sciences and results in narrative. Luria and Sacks wrote these case histories in an explicit attempt to bridge—in understanding and in discourse—this paradigmatic gap; in the process, they redefined what it means to be a neuropsychiatrist. Case histories allow the writer to combine the empirical analysis characteristic of neurological discourse with the individual detail characteristic of psychological narrative.


Spirituality is a subjective and multidimensional concept. It is changed to: dimensional concept. Spirituality is a subjective and multi The ambiguity in its meaning can prevent its application in education and medicine. It is changed to: medicine. education and both its application in in create barriers The ambiguity in its meaning can The purpose of the present study was to explore the Iranian cancer patients' perception of spirituality. It is changed to: The present study aimed to explore the Iranian cancer patients' perception of spirituality. Semi-structured interviews were held with 11 cancer patients and six members of their families in one of Tehran's hospitals and charity institutes.


In education circles a lively debate has ensued regarding the effectiveness of ICT to enhance the learning process. This paper contributes to the limited quantitative evidence regarding this issue in developing countries by analyzing the impacts of increasing ICT access in secondary schools in Peru. We exploit rich administrative censal data between 2001 and 2006 as well as institutional knowledge regarding the execution of a specific program that deployed computers in 350 schools. Results indicate null impacts of increasing ICT access on repetition, drop out rates and initial enrollment. The large sample sizes allow ruling out even very modest effects. These findings can be explained by the inherent difficulties in successfully implementing ICT interventions due to the critical nature of several different inputs (hardware, software, connectivity, training and support).


The phenomenon of destructive attachment in adult romantic relationships is considered in the article. Criteria, defining destructive attachment, are proposed, its typical emotional and behavioural displays are described. Data, indicating the presence of stress, experienced by subjects of the attachment in a romantic relationship, are presented. Strategies used by adult subjects of destructive attachment in romantic relationships for coping with challenges are analyzed. The authors note that, while in a romantic relationship and experiencing destructive attachment to romantic partners, an adult is peculiarly specified by such a form of attachment, which is expressed mainly in negative emotions, feelings for partner, as such emotional displays, as well as alternate reproduction of the following behaviours which is aimed at rapprochement with the partner and at the avoidance of intimacy with the partner. Coping with emotional and behavioural display of destructive attachment in adults is unproductive, ''price'' of coping is extremely high, inability of coping with the severity of such experienced stress, symptoms of which are high anxiety, emotional tension, inability to concentrate, sense of desolation, difficulty of controlling the situation and emotions, confusion, heavy emotions, desire to change own status and relationship, subjective feeling of loneliness, can be partially stated.


Currently Industry, Trading and Capital investment Department (Disperindag and PM) city Surabaya still rely ons traditional market as country of exporting main purpose. Nevertheless along, traditional market can not be next made the only one place to market exporting product Surabaya. Surabaya has started market range non traditional in marketing main commodity like Africa and mid-east country. In consequence, Disperindag that in collaboration with GPEI and exporting entrepreneur tries strategy searching to develop exporting market non traditional in order to main goods of Surabaya is accepted by market non traditional. To develop a strategy then must comprehend strength and weakness existing owned and how exploit an opportunity and anticipate resistance threat that emerge. Base fact is referred, then problems that raised in this research is how strategy of non-traditional exporting market development in improving performance (value and Volume) exporting Surabaya pass by analysis SWOT.
To answer this problems, used motode research qualitative with type descriptive. Datas is obtained by observation process, indeep interview, and exploit result dokumenter. Informan Election is conducted in purposive sampling, and after expand by using technique snowball. Process of data analysis are conducted by categorize and combine datas obtained, and also specify a couple of dependability relation between datas referred. Validasi data is conducted pass by triangulation of data source until data that presented is valid.
From data that got at the site indicate that performance of city exporting Surabaya to market non traditional continued experience of increase either from its volume or value. As for product that exported to market non traditional is certain product especially crafting and furniture. Based analysis SWOT that conducted emerge four, strategy alternative that is strategies SO, strategy ST, strategy WO, and strategy WT. By see strategy alternative is referred as then strategy of exporting market development non traditional in improving performance of city exporting implementable Surabaya by Disperindag city Surabaya that is intensive strategy or strategy build and growth. As for strategy alternative that can be used that is : Market Penetration Strategy implementable pass by promotion to country non traditional and by exploit internet in marketing product. Market development Strategy that supported by some activity that is exhibition of exporting products, international trade mission, and representative office utilization RI, comemercial attache in developing product network beyond the sea. Product development Strategy that conducted with Peningkatan Citra Produk Ekspor city Surabaya


We propose in this paper a technique for emulating standard inductors with a tee network of two resistors and capacitor and with buffer in feedback circuit. Unwanted impedances to ground of the emulating tee network may be canceled by introducing a buffer. We anticipate that inductors for values higher than 1 H can be emulated with accuracy of least 0.01%.


Improved bellows serves as thermal-expansion joint in vacuum-jacketed cyrogenic piping system. Made of Hastelloy C-22 and fabricated in field by welding two clam-shell-like half bellows. No protective paint or maintenance needed. Design modified to fit most thin-wall bellows.


The topic which the author selected for the research project was to study about the readymade cook meal preferred by working women.
Every person has different perceptions, culture and choice related to meals. As everyone's style of living changes varying in lifestyle and preferences it has been researched that the use of readymade cook meal is seen to be used by the audience. Excess use of prepared foods are to use by the people. There are different brands of ready to cook meal have been introduced into the market over the past years. As men and women are both on the edge to work as the daily requirements have groan very high and everyone wants to live a lavish life.
As preferred women, they have to look after both their homes and family along with their job. As the work habits of women have increased it has an effect on life style, this has changed the cooking pattern of the working women and more overly working women prefer ready to cook meal. as the working hours are 8 hours or more than that women don't have that energy and time to cook like every day, as the responsibilities lies of women for cooking. Readymade food has become a very important item in people's life as it is ready made and easy to cook and serve. As the society develops the economic activities also expand. Most of the working women prefer ready to cook meal as they be exhausted after their work this is the main reason why they prefer ready to cook meal.


Iranian village accounting, which we studied by translating and analyzing the records of a trading house in the early twentieth century, was relatively unaffected by Western contact. The records were kept on a slightly modified cash basis, single-entry, with little distinction between business and personal transactions; this mirrors accounting practices in many "developing" societies. What was indeed unique was a distinctive set of numerical symbols, comprehensible to but a few initiates in each community, and whose primary goal was secrecy and privacy of the records. The system was used well before 1900 and is still in use in some rural areas today.


It became apparent following field appraisal that complex 3D well trajectories would be necessary to exploit the Janice field effectively. Specific challenges included high torque and drag profiles, slow rate of penetration (ROP), tight target tolerances, and effective reservoir navigation. The full-length paper details how a combination of rotary closed-loop steerable (RCLS) and conventional drilling technology was used to achieve field-development objectives. This project provided a unique opportunity to make a direct comparison between RCLS and conventional steerable technology on similar complex 3D well trajectories.


An object classification scheme using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) architecture is proposed in this paper. As a special case of deep learning, CNNs classify classes of images without any feature extraction procedure while other existing classification methods require rather complex feature extraction processes. Various fast CNN models are first designed and these models are then combined to make decision for our classification task. Experiments on the 101 Caltech Object data set show that the proposed scheme gives a promising performance of CNNs on both of training speed and classification accuracy aspects. Keywords— Convolutional Neural Network, Deep learning, pattern classification


The authors consider the «permanence» problem for two-species periodic Kolmogorov competition reaction-diffusion systems defined on a bounded domain subject to Neumann boundary conditions. The main result, based on comparison and maximum principle arguments, provides sufficient conditions for permanence and is illustrated in application to the Lotka-Volterra competition system as well as to a general class of reaction-diffusion systems. The significance of permanence in biological systems in general is discussed


A new peppermint shrimp species, Lysmata jundalini sp. nov., is described based on five specimens collected in shallowsubtidal waters on Enrique Reef at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Isla, Magueyes Laboratories. Lysmata jund- alini sp. nov. was identified from fresh material collected at the reef crest and back reef among coral rubble in June 2005and April 2009. The new species is most closely related to the Atlantic Lysmata intermedia and eastern Pacific L. holthu- isi. It can be readily distinguished from all those in the genus Lysmata by its color pattern, the presence of a well developedaccessory branch, the number of free vs. fused segments of the accessory branch, the number of carpal segments of the second pereiopod and well developed pterygostomian tooth.


Simulations are employed to examine the near field of aMach 1.3 jet subjected to eight plasma actuators mounted on the periphery of the nozzle exit. The simulations are validated by comparing several quantities with experiments, including mean and fluctuating streamwise velocities, as well as visualizations of coherent features. The generation, evolution, and breakdown of coherent structures with first (m 1), second (m 2), and third (m 3) azimuthal mode excitation are described and set in the context of previous simulations with axisymmetric and mixed modes at themost amplified jet columnmode (Strouhal number 0.3). Hair-pin-like vortices, observed in instantaneous, as well as phase-averaged data, are noted as key building blocks in the evolution process. The tips/heads arise in the outer region of the jet shear layer and legs extend forward, slightly inclined in the direction of the jet axis where the velocity is higher. The interaction of these structures through self and mutual induction with those generated by adjacent actuators, or later by the same actuator, yields a rich variety of features depending on excitationmode. In the second part of the paper, the effect of Strouhal number on the near field is explored with m 0 and m 1 excitation. The results show that, at higher frequencies, large structure formation is inhibited and peak sound pressure level amplitudes diminish in a manner consistent with experimental results.


This study involves finding how the Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) or the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) affects investors' attention in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The goal is to examine whether there is any interest in investing on the companies with ESG or CSR in the Stock Exchange of Thailand that are in the Environment Social and Governance 100 stocks by Thaipat (ESG100) or the Thailand sustainability investment by SET (TSI list), announced during 2014-2015. Conducting an event study, upon examination of these events, the result shows that there is a significant negative abnormal return of the TSI list. On the other hand, there are less significant negative abnormal returns after announcement for the ESG100 list. As the result, CAAR is very small for daily and yearly return, it is not economically significant and is not able to exploit the abnormal return for trading strategy. In addition, this research study further examines which type of investors are more concerned about the companies advocating for CSR and found that there is no significance in the result. Thus, there is not enough evidence to conclude which type concerns most on CSR stocks in TSI list.


In this study different types of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using two kinds of titania (TiO2) semiconductors as photo anodes and four kinds of counter electrodes, sensitized natural dye Beta vulgaris (beetroot) dye (Betalin). And the electrolyte (I/I3 ). TiO2 semiconductors includes; Nano sized powder (deposited on Indium doped Tin oxide (ITO) glass) and anodized nanotubes template on titanium foil. The counter electrodes include; platinum, electropolymerized polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PTh) and polypyrrole (PPY) (also all deposited on ITO glass). The surface structure of prepared photo anodes and counter electrodes were analysis by AFM, SEM,XRD and FTIR. The absorption spectra of natural dye was investigated by UV-Visible spectroscopy which showed absorbed light at 479 nm and 536 nm. The efficiency of prepared DSSCs were estimated through I-V characterization, the fall factors (ff) and electrical conversion efficiencies (ղ %) were measured using potentiostat. The efficiencies of all DSSCs follow the order ;


In this study, we examined the impact of an unstable hydrological regime
 (floods and seasonal drying) on water beetle fauna after a drought period, in
 an intermittent stream in the Mediterranean part of Montenegro. Aquatic
 beetles were collected between November 2009 and May 2010 from three
 intermittent sites along the Rimanic stream at different distances from the
 perennial part (DP), using quantitative sampling methods. We predicted that
 water beetle assemblages would vary in structure and composition along DP
 gradients. Total abundance, taxa richness, main faunal groups and proportion
 of adults and larvae were assessed in order to describe the changes in the
 water beetle assemblages. The water beetle fauna in the studied sites
 recovered slowly from the drought periods in terms of both total abundance
 and taxa richness. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed no significant
 changes in community structure between the sites, but revealed changes in
 terms of date (Rho = 0.403).


The compressive creep behavior of a typical 50% -/50% -alumina fusion-cast refractory block was examined as a function of temperature. Test temperatures (1450-1650oC) were chosen to correspond to those typical of service conditions, while relatively high compressive test stresses (0.6 and 1.0 MPa compared to 0.2-0.4 MPa which is typical of service) were chosen to promote exaggerated deformation and to more accurately measure the resulting creep strain. It was found that the measured creep strain responses in this alumina were a sum of (contracting) compressive creep strain and expansion strain due to time and temperature dependent microcracking. Long term, isothtermal expansion tests were also conducted, and their results allowed for the deconvolution of the compressive creep and expansion strains present in the measured creep strain test data. The analysis shows that despite complications associated with conflicting expansion and contraction effects, classical creep analysis may be used with this alumina refractory after the strains associated with the non-steady-state mechanism are considered and accounted for.


The measurement system of photoelectrical performance of OLED (Organic Light Emission Diode)is a powerful instrument for the development of organic light emission device. Based on Photometry and Auto-control principles,making good use of the advantages of Visual C ++ ,an automeasure system of photoelectrical performance for OLED is designed. The key principle,main framework and technology are discussed. After schemed,the system was used in several laboratories,made good result,got automatic accomplished and worked in high-speed. More development was indicated.


The novel Wandering by Liu Di-hong creates a kind of young laborer characters.The writer,cherishing sympathy,describes their all sorts of hardship because of inferior status.At the same time,cherishing praise,he describes their nobility under the inferiority.By which,the writer expresses his bottom consciousness and critical spirit fully.


The stagnation-point convective heat transfer to an axisymmetric blunt body for arbitrary gases in chemical equilibrium was investigated. The gases considered were base gases of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane and 22 gas mixtures composed of the base gases. Enthalpies ranged from 2.3 to 116.2 MJ/kg, pressures ranged from 0.001 to 100 atmospheres, and the wall temperatures were 300 and 1111 K. A general equation for the stagnation-point convective heat transfer in base gases and gas mixtures was derived and is a function of the mass fraction, the molecular weight, and a transport parameter of the base gases. The relation compares well with present boundary-layer computer results and with other analytical and experimental results. In addition, the analysis verified that the convective heat transfer in gas mixtures can be determined from a summation relation involving the heat transfer coefficients of the base gases. The basic technique developed for the prediction of stagnation-point convective heating to an axisymmetric blunt body could be applied to other heat transfer problems.


No book on programming would be complete without an overview of the hardware on which the software will execute. In this chapter we outline the main design principles and solutions applied when designing these chips, as well as the challenges facing the hardware industry, together with an outlook of promising technologies not yet in common practice. This chapter's main goal is to introduce the reader to the most important processor architecture concepts (core organization, interconnects, memory architectures, support for parallel programming etc) relevant in the context of multi-core processors as well the most common processor archi-tectures available today. We also analyze the challenges faced by processor designs as the number of cores will continue scaling and the emerging technologies—such as transactional memory, support for speculative threading, novel interconnects, 3D stacking of memory etc—that will allow continued scaling of processors in terms of available computational power. In 2001 the first general-purpose processor that featured multiple processing cores on the same CMOS die was released: the POWER4 processor of IBM. Since then, multi-core processors have become the norm and currently the only way to improve the performance for high-end processors is to add support for more threads, either in the number of cores, or through multithreading on cores to mask long-latency operations. There are multiple reasons why the clock rate gains of the past cannot anymore be continued. The unsustainable level of power consumption implied by higher clock rates is just the most obvious and stringent reason; equally important is the fact that wire delays rather than transistor switching will be the dominant issue for each clock cycle.


Objective:To discovery the stress distribution on the abutments of tooth-implant fixed bridge under different loading.Method:By 3-D finite element modeling computed and analyzed .Results:Under oblique loading,stress on the implant was 2~2.5 times as big as on tooth.There was no significant deviation of the biggest stress on the implant between concentrated oblique loading and oblique dispered loading.The biggest stress on implant under concentrated oblique loading was 2~2.5 times as big as vertical laoding.Both tooth and implant,the stress under concentrated vertical loading was bigger than under dispersed vertical loading.On the tooth,stress under concentrated oblique loading was bigger than under dispersed oblique loading.Conclusion:The ability of supporting oblique force for tooth-implant fixed bridge is weak.Implant should be of higher strength,tooth root should be stronger,oblique force should be less.Distruction of condentrated loading for abutment is more serious than dispersed loading.The bite points should be well distributed.


This Article explores data as a source and, in their processed variant, as a means of governance that will likely replace both markets and the law. Discussing data not as an object of transactions or an object of governance, but as a tool for governing others on a scale that rivals that of nation states with their law, seems a fitting topic for a special issue that is devoted to the legal construction of markets. Here, I argue that while it may well be the case that law constitutes markets, markets are not the only way in which economic relations may be organized, and law is not the only feasible mode of governing these relations. Central planning under socialism posed an alternative, which proved ultimately non-viable. The rise of big tech companies (Big Tech) and their accumulation of vast amounts of data offers yet another possibility: the rule by data. In his path-breaking article on the nature of the firm, published in 1937, Ronald Coase famously posed the following question: if markets are the optimal form of economic organization, why do firms exist? His answer to this question was that some transactions are better governed inside hierarchically organized firms than in open markets. The explanation he gave focused on the inevitable transaction costs that beset markets, where markets are defined by "price movements [that] direct production, which is co-ordinated through a series of exchange transactions on the market." Implied in this definition (which I will embrace for this Article) is that goods or services are traded for a unit of account, or money, and that a series of transactions reveals the prevailing market price. And as Coase added in another seminal paper on the "problem of social costs," the allocation of property rights is key for market exchange. Yet, as I will discuss


Hierarchical Fe3 O4 hollow spheres constructed by nanosheets are obtained from solvothermally synthesized Fe-glycerate hollow spheres. With the unique structural features, these hierarchical Fe3 O4 hollow spheres exhibit excellent electrochemical lithium-storage performance.


Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes containing pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazine moiety were synthesized by the reaction of 4-((1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)- amino)-3-mercapto-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine with corresponding metal acetates. The structural features of the synthesized compounds were determined by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, 1 H NMR, electronic spectroscopy, fluorescence, ESR) and thermal (TGA/DTA) techniques. IR and thermal data support the presence of coordinated water in the metal complexes. Kinetic parameters of the metal complexes were evaluated by Horowitz-Metzger method. From the ESR spectra of the Cu(II) complexes, the values of g║ and g┴ have been calculated and the observed values of g║ < 2.3 indicate covalent character of the metal ligand bond. In vitro antimicrobial activity study against gram positive (S. aureus, B. subtilis), gram negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa ) and yeasts (S. cerevisiae, C. albicans) indicated that most of the metal complexes showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity, comparable to the standard drugs.


In this issue of Blood, Abdul Sultan et al describe risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after pregnancy with consideration of duration of risk in differing clinical circumstances.1 They provide essential information toward a data-driven foundation on which clinical guidelines may be refined.


Log-likelihood of received bits is considered for the classical approach to demodulation of digital signals modulated using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). Using the symmetric functions mechanism a stable and efficient algorithm is obtained allowing to compute the probability that this value is close to zero. A combinatorial interpretation of the formulae obtained with symmetric functions is given by introducing a new class of combinatorial objects, and finally we give a bijection between this class and {0, 1}-matrices.


Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common devasting tumor around the world, characterized by persistent hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (hif-2α) has been regarded as an oncogene in many kinds of cancers, exerting its function to promote tumor growth and metastasis. But the role of hif-2α in ESCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered hif-2α was overexpressed in ESCC and could promote proliferation and metastasis in ESCC cells. Functionally, hif-2α facilitated EMT through Notch pathway in ESCC. Moreover, we identified hif-2α as an independent factor that predict poor prognosis in ESCC patients. These findings suggested that hif-2α is a key regulator of EMT and played a critical role in promoting ESCC progression.


Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a special purpose sensor application network which can be applied for applications relating to the health care. WBAN should support immediate and reliable data transmission for medical service during an emergency situation. Hence this paper proposes a new MAC superframe structure which can handle emergency data as well as a regular periodic data at the time of emergency. Simulation result shows low latency and increased throughput of the proposed superframe.


Objective To investigate the expressions of CDC25A and Smad3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the relationship of CDC25A with Smad3 protein,cell apoptosis,proliferation index(PI).Methods The expression of CDC25A was examined by SP immunohistochemical stain(IHC)in 52 esophageal carcinoma specimens and 24 normal tissues.Moreover,CDC25A protein,Smad3 protein,cell apoptosis,proliferation index(PI)were examined by FCM in 30 esophageal carcinoma specimens and 5 normal tissues.Results The positive expression rate of CDC25A in esophageal carcinoma was 50%,significantly higher than 0% in normal tissues(P0.05).High expression of CDC25A was correlated with invasion,tumor differentiation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(P0.05).The positive expression of Smad3 protein in esophageal carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal tissues(P0.05).CDC25A protein expression was negatively associated with Smad3 protein expression(P0.05).The apoptosis rate in the cells with the positive expression of CDC25A protein in cytoplasm was higher than that of negative CDC25A expression,but without statistical significance.PI of the cells with the positive expression of CDC25A protein in nuclear membrane was higher than that of negative expression(P0.05).Conclusion The reduction of Smad3 protein was correlated with the abundance of CDC25A protein.The CDC25A protein in nuclear membrane might contribute to cell proliferation.CDC25A protein may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.


The influencing factors of LNG cold energy are discussed,and the utilization technology of LNG cold energy is overviewed.The cascade utilization process of LNG cold energy is summarized, and problems existing in the utilization technology of LNG cold energy are pointed out.


PURPOSE: An Internet protocol (IP) router and a method of allocating IP address are provided to form a communication device directly connected to an IP router and a communication device connected to another router into one sub network. CONSTITUTION: If an IP router is connected to a second router connected to a second WAN, an IP management unit (150) is allocated a preset number of IP addresses from the second router. A DHCP server unit (160) allocates the allocated IP addresses to at least one of communication devices that are connected to the IP router. The DHCP server forms a sub network between the communication devices connected to the IP router and at least one communication device connected to the second router. A first communication interface unit (110) performs a communication connection to a first WAN. A second communication interface unit (120) performs a communication connection to a second WAN. [Reference numerals] (110) First communication interface unit; (120) Second communication interface unit; (130) Third communication interface unit; (140) Detection unit; (150) IP management unit; (160) DHCP server unit; (170) Control unit


Differential evolution (DE) has shown its effectiveness in solving many problems. The difference vector (DV), which serves as a measure for the dispersion of candidate solutions, has a key role in the adaptive mutation of DE. Traditionally, DE adopts one DV. In this paper, we investigate the use of more than one DV and propose the Poisson differential evolution (PDE) with a varying number of DVs based on Poisson distribution. Experimental results on 24 numerical benchmark functions point out the ineffectiveness of increasing DVs in the original DE. On the other hand, the results show that the proposed PDE can achieve significant improvement on DE in terms of solution quality and convergence speed, which validates the benefit of varying number of DVs for DE.


A 57-year-old male with a laryngeal saccular cyst is reported. The patient's chief complaint was hoarseness and an abnormal feeling in his throat. Fiberscopic examination demonstrated swelling of the false cord and laryngeal ventricle. CT and MRI showed a cystic lesion located on the right side of the vocal cord. The mass was removed completely by an external approach under general anesthesia. Based on clinical and histopathological findings, we diagnosed the disease as lateral saccular cyst. There has not been any sign of recurrence for 11 months since resection.


With further development of friendly relations between China and Indonesia, coupled with a growing number of Indonesian Chinese, learning Chinese language is getting more important. Article compared Chinese and Indonesian voice and showed the voice of the Chinese language. Moreover, article provided ideas for Chinese phonetics teaching and for Indonesian students in learning Chinese pronunciation. In addition, article puts forward suggestions in order to improve foreign language teaching.


For many datasets common in sociology (and elsewhere), the imagery of a large number of random samples from a real population does serious violence to the empirical setting being studied. The data in hand are all the data there are, or that could be. We call such data an apparent population. Since frequentist approaches rest on the imagery of many repeated samples from a single population, what Rubin calls "unique datasets" undermine frequentist inference. In contrast, Bayesian inference is possible and may produce satisfactory inference.


Objective To investigate the sleep duration(SD) of pilots in various environments with unintrusive sleep monitoring system,so as to put forward suggestion on criteria of sleep insufficiency.Methods SD of 3 groups of pilots in different environments,that is,northern group,southern group and hospitalized for physical examination group(PE group),were monitored.The SD and frequency distribution of nights with SD less than 5.5 h and 6 h in 3 groups were compared.Results Significant differences of sleep duration among 3 groups were found(P0.01).The average SD of northern group,southern group and PE group were 6.67 h,6.21 h and 7.11 h respectively.Conclusions It is suggested that the criterion of sleep insufficiency for pilots should be determined individually based on their usual SD in the night.Attention should paid to sleep insufficiency of pilots,especially to pilots in southern area.


Vehicular networking is regarded as a backbone for transportation cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this paper, we propose a cloud-assisted dynamic spectrum access in vehicular networks where vehicles search the spectrum database for idle channels. Each vehicle queries spectrum database periodically (every other time/distance unit or so) for a route computed by GPS to find idle channels. When two vehicles are within the communication range, they setup a communication link in a channel and exchange their data with the help of software defined radios. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with the help of numerical results obtained from simulations.


Abstract : This paper supports efforts by Strategic Land Force leaders to emphasize greater Conventional Forces/Special Operations Forces (CF/SOF) integration. However, it argues that what is missing in that effort is a focus on the cultural challenges inherent in increased interaction, integration, and interdependence of these distinct groups of warriors. SOF have a different mission than CF. This has led to a different, but for them equally appropriate, sub-culture. These cultural differences lead SOF and CF to respond to the idea of increased integration differently. With a growing acceptance in the military that counterinsurgency operations will play a larger role in Land Forces' future mission sets, military leaders must mitigate the clash of cultures to facilitate closer CF and SOF interaction. To bridge the culture gap, this paper recommends that Strategic Land Force leaders establish an Office of Strategic Landpower in the Pentagon to provide the CF/SOF interdependence initiative a needed emphasis on the leadership, trust, training, doctrine, and processes required to bridge the CF/SOF cultural divide.


. This paper considers the features of monitoring the client part of mobile applications. The main parameters of the process of information transfer from the end user to specialized monitoring systems are highlighted. The possibilities of modern systems for collecting, processing and visualizing user data are analyzed. The structure of a standard approach to monitoring user data for mobile applications has been developed. The principle of linearity of step-by-step collection and processing of information was used to develop the structure. The possibilities of forecasting the main long-term collection of user data are analyzed. The list of modern systems of client monitoring, and also their possibilities of interaction is formed. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are considered.


This paper is part of a larger project to explore the genealogies of cosmopolitanism in the emergence of mass culture in postwar Hong Kong. The formation of a Hong Kong identity and the evolution of a mass culture, among other things, are all complex sociological phenomena in their own right that are more importantly made possible by politico-institutional transformations and corresponding change in the geo-cultural landscape. The paper argues that cosmopolitanism as the ethos of a mass culture should be a contradiction in terms, at least on the surface of things. The institutions, lifestyles and behaviour typically associated with the unique emergence of Hong Kong culture in the 1980s are themselves a product of complex changes, to say the least, but many aspects of this evolution can be reflected in the thirty-year transformation of City Magazine itself. Keywords: City Magazine ; cosmopolitan hybridity; Hong Kong culture; postwar Hong Kong


Context: Life expectancy best helps to capture the health and well-being of a population. However, wide differences are seen in life expectancies across different countries and at different points of time. Research objective: This study examines trends in global inequalities in Life Expectancy at birth between countries from 1960 to 2017, and studies how income inequality affects inequality in life expectancy. Data and methodology: Life expectancy at birth is the main variable under study. We have also used data on GDP per capita at purchasing power parity, Health Expenditure per capita and Government Expenditure on health per capita. Six measures of inequality have been used, primary being the Gini coefficient. We have divided the countries into four groups according to the World Bank Classification Scheme, and have used graphs, choropleth maps and Moran's I for statistical analysis. The causal relationship between inequality in Life Expectancy and per capita GDP is examined using reduced form regression models. Findings: The life expectancy at birth shows a steadily rising trend. The choropleth maps indicate considerable spatial variations in life expectancy, which are stable over time. There is a decline in the global inequality in life expectancy over time. Moreover, the decomposition analysis for the Gini coefficient shows that in any year, the between groups inequality is more important than the within groups inequality. This is corroborated by the decomposition of Gini over time. We infer from the devised regression models that there is a positive association between per capita income inequality and inequality in life expectancy. The regressions point out evidence that inequality in lifespan and inequality in per capita income can be explained in terms of inequality in health expenditure.


The study on the nation and national spirit used to be regarded as the domain of sociology and anthropology.In this paper,the author tries to analyse them through the economic reviews.The author figures out the economic characteristics of nation: maximizing the benefits of the group and maximizing the benefits of the numbers in the group.In order to accomplish these targets,a nation should push the efficient collective action forward.The national spirit is the core mechanism to coordinate the members' actions;what's more,the national spirit is the self-defense mechanism and the justice mechanism in some sense.


BEDFORD COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF CHILE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY DARTMOUTH COLLEGE HARVARD UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, URBANA-CHAMPAIGN INSTITUT FUR WISSENSCHAFTSTHEORIE, SALZBURG INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PRINCETON UNIVERSITY RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY SMITH COLLEGE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON WEST CHESTER STATE COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN


Using historical analysis and analogical method,The type of paradox is induced and the soloing methods of paradox are summarized from the diefinition of paradox.The history and trend of mathematical paradox are analyzed.The mathematical paradox not only causes the third famous mathematical crisis,but pushs the every branch of mathematics forwand.The problem of paradox studied and solved which can.Not only enrich mathematical theories.But can create new scientific ideas to advance the research of methematics and phopel the mathematics forward.


Object indoor location is a field that receives much research effort but that is lacking enough maturity for its integration in popular devices like mobile phones. This paper describes the results of an experiment carried out to compare different pattern recognition algorithms in order to process the information from a set of Bluetooth transmitters, located in fixed positions, with the aim of locating an object in a precise position. Our conclusion is that the best algorithms, among the five we tested, are random forests and model-based clustering, which gave accuracies around 90%. We have also conducted experiments to analyse the influence of the number of Bluetooth transmitters and to determine the sets of features with better performance. The proposed approach is simple and gives 90% of accuracy for locating objects with 1 m precision, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.


Background Statins are widely used as a cholesterol lowering medication, reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in high risk patients; and only rarely cause serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). UK primary care databases of morbidity and prescription data, which now cover several million people, have potential for more powerful analytical approaches to study ADRs including adjusting for confounders and examining temporal effects. Methods Case-crossover design in detecting statin associated myopathy ADR in 93, 831 patients, using two independent primary care databases (1991–2006). We analysed risk by drug class, by disease code and cumulative year, exploring different cut-off exposure times and confounding by temporality. Results Using a 12 and 26 week exposure period, large risk ratios (RR) are associated with all classes of statins and fibrates for myopathy: RR 10.6 (9.8–11.4) and 19.9 (17.6–22.6) respectively. At 26 weeks, the largest risks are with fluvastatin RR 33.3 (95% CI 16.8–66.0) and ciprofibrate (with previous statin use) RR 40.5 (95% CI 13.4–122.0). AT 12 weeks the differences between cerivastatin and atorvastatin RR for myopathy were found to be significant, RR 2.05 (95% CI 1.2–3.5), and for rosuvastatin and fluvastatin RR 3.0 (95% CI 1.6–5.7). After 12 months of statin initiation, the relative risk for myopathy for all statins and fibrates increased to 25.7 (95% CI 21.8–30.3). Furthermore, this signal was detected within 2 years of first events being recorded. Our data suggests an annual incidence of statin induced myopathy or myalgia of around 11.4 for 16, 591 patients or 689 per million per year. Conclusion There may be differential risks associated with some classes of statin and fibrate. Myopathy related to statin or fibrate use may persist after a long exposure time (12 months or more). These methods could be applied for early detection of harmful drug side effects, using similar primary care diagnostic and prescribing data.


Abstract : The report describes the investigations of frequency stable Q-switched CO2 laser oscillators. The characteristics of both free-running and injection-locked pulsed lasers are described. Optical heterodyne measurements of the frequency stability of the sources are presented. (Author)


Reports and scientific publications about the ferronickel ore bodies located to the northeast of the western region of Cuba indicate the presence of a lateritic crust developed by weathering processes occurring in ultramaphic serpentinized rocks. However, the geological investigations of the ophiolitic massif of Moa-Baracoa have revealed the presence of different sequences or lithological groups while more recent exploration projects have allowed a better characterization of the weathering crust of several ore bodies of the region based on the petrological, mineralogical and geochemical results. In view of these results, this article presents the description of of several types of weathering crust profiles that are common in the area to subsequently characterize each profile from the mineralogical phases that make up the profile horizon and the content of deleterious and useful materials. Four types of lateritic crust profiles have been therefore identified; which are as follows: 1) Weathering profile over mantelic rocks; 2) Weathering profile over oceanic rocks; 3) Weathering profile over rocks of the mantle-oceanic crust transition area and 4) Mixed and Complex weathering profile.


We use 5337 spectroscopic measurements of Kepler dwarfs and subgiants from the APOGEE survey to study stellar rotation trends. We find a detection threshold of 10 km s−1, which allows us to explore the spindown of intermediate-mass stars leaving the main sequence, merger products, young stars, and tidally synchronized binaries. We see a clear distinction between blue stragglers and the field turnoff in α-rich stars, with a sharp rapid rotation cutoff for blue stragglers consistent with the Kraft break. We also find rapid rotation and radial velocity variability in a sample of red straggler stars, considerably cooler than the giant branch, lending credence to the hypothesis that these are active, tidally synchronized binaries. We see clear evidence for a transition between rapid and slow rotation on the subgiant branch in the domain predicted by modern angular momentum evolution models. We find substantial agreement between the spectroscopic and photometric properties of KIC targets added by Huber et al. based on Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry. For the unevolved lower main sequence, we see the same concentration toward rapid rotation in photometric binaries as that observed in rotation period data, but at an enhanced rate. We attribute this difference to unresolved near-equal-luminosity spectroscopic binaries with velocity displacements on the order of the APOGEE resolution. Among cool unevolved stars we find an excess rapid rotator fraction of 4% caused by pipeline issues with photometric binaries.


Incidentally, the workshop was sponsored jointly by the Department of Foreign Languages and the School of Teacher Training which, I am pleased to report, now requires an eight-hour Spanish course of all its majors in Elementary Education. This cour e is especially designed to meet the peculiar needs f such teachers in this bilingual state where hundreds of children enter the first grade not knowing a word of English. CARL A. TYRE


Li Yi's unique experience of five enlistments in thearmy had exerted a great influence on his creation of frontier fortress poems. Compared with those in the peaceful and prosperous Tang Dynasty, his frontier fortress poem has a new development in its theme, a new pursuit in artistic device, a new change in its forms and styles. He followed and developed and had played an important role in the Mid-Tang poetry, especially in the development of the Mid-Tang frontier fortress poems.


Purpose
This paper aims to develop a signal acquisition system of surface electromyography (sEMG) and use the characteristics of (sEMG) signal to interference action pattern.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a fusion method based on combining the coefficient of AR model and wavelet coefficient. It improves the recognition rate of the target action. To overcome the slow convergence speed and local optimum in standard BP network, the study presents a BP algorithm which combine with LM algorithm and PSO algorithm, and it improves the convergence speed and the recognition rate of the target action.

Findings
Experiments verify the effectiveness of the system from two aspects the target motion recognition rate and the corresponding reaction speed of the robotic system.

Originality/value
The study developed a signal acquisition system of sEMG and used the characteristics of (sEMG) signal to interference action pattern. The myoelectricity integral values are presented to determine the starting point and end point of target movement, which is more effective than using single sample point amplitude method.


This paper delves into the concept of sustainability of micro-finance and factors threatening it. Itis argued that sustainability is a broader concept than is normally discussed in literature.Challenges that micro-finance faces are its ability to maintain its unique features, institutions andsystems to remain focused while ensuring sustainability. There are several deviations from thedesirable practices promoted by members as well as other programme partners that threaten itssustainability. A complex set of incentives operates pushing the programme to lower standards.The very fundamentals of the programme such as informality, member-orientation and membereducation and empowerment are being diluted by attempts to implant target orientation, urge to getprojected, over-cautiousness, archaic systems, procedures and rules from the mainstream financeand rural administration machinery as also non-governmental sector. Proper education of SHGmembers and refraining from making unhealthy interventions (policy or otherwise) is crucial forthe sustainability of micro-finance. The findings of this paper have implications for growth of micro-finance in a healthy andsustainable manner. They are important due to adoption of SHG mode of delivery under differentgovernment schemes. Moreover, if the SHG movement is to be prevented from following the pathof a large number of moribund co-operative credit institutions, this is the right juncture to inculcatein them the best practices to make them sustainable.


The effect of the lithium fluoride (LiF) precoating on the fluctuation-induced conductivity (FIC) of superconducting indium and vanadium films was investigated. Several kinds of samples were used. The measured FIC is well explained by the traditional superconducting fluctuation theory with two fitting parameters, the transition temperature T c and the pair breaking parameter δ. The experimental relation δ= a + b R sq n holds for each type of sample, where R sq n is the normal state sheet resistance. The coefficient b for the unprecoated samples is much smaller than that for the LiF precoated samples in contrast to the lead case. The coefficient b is not so much influenced by the LiF overcoating.


This paper presents the heart of a universal syntax-directed proof system for the verification of horizontal computer architectures.
 The system is based on the axiomatic architecture description language AADL, which incorporates a comcise model of clocked microarchitectures. For a given description A of a host architecture, we show how to axiomatize A's microoperations and present powerful proof-rules dealing with the inherent low-level parallelism of horizontal architectures. They allow for a complete axiomatic treatment of the timing behaviour and dynamic conflicts of microprograms written in an A-dependent high-level microprogramming language based on S*.


The enhancement of electrode materials' properties for improving mercantile supercapacitors' performances is a remarkable research area. Throughout recent years, a significant amount of research has been devoted to improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors via the improvement of novel electrode materials. The nanocomposite structure provides a greater specific surface area (SSA) and lower ion/electron diffusion tracks, consequently enhancing supercapacitors' energy density and specific capacitance. These significant properties offer a wide range of potential for the electrode materials to be applied in diverse applications. For instance, their applications are in portable electronic systems such as all-solid-state supercapacitors, flexible/transparent supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors. The authors of this paper introduced a multi-criteria model to assess the priority of nanostructured electrode materials (NEMs) for high-performance supercapacitors (HPSCs). This work combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) methods. Herein, the rough concept addresses the uncertainties resulting from the group decision-making process and the vague values of the properties of the NEMs. The modified R-AHP method was employed to find the criteria weights based on the multi-experts' opinions. The results reveal that specific capacitance (SC) and energy density (ED) are the most important criteria. R-AHP was integrated with R-EDAS and R-GRA models to evaluate the fourteen NEMs. The results of the R-EDAS method were compared with those provided by the R-GRA method. The results of the proposed integrated approach confirmed that it results in reliable and reputable ranks that will provide a framework for further applications and help physicists find optimal materials by evaluating various alternatives.