This letter presents a novel type of epitaxial gallium nitride (GaN) on semi-insulating silicon carbide (4H-SiC)-based high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators (HBARs) that eliminates the need for metal electrodes. The device is piezoelectrically transduced through a quantum well induced two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and a heavily-doped GaN layer as the top and bottom electrodes, respectively. Room to cryogenic temperature evolution for 50 HBAR phonon modes near the fundamental transduction envelope (2.032 GHz) is demonstrated. It shows an exceptionally low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) at −5.709 ppm/K, a converged free spectral range (FSR) at 17.9 MHz, and a figure of merit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f} \times {Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.7\times 10^{{13}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz at 15 K (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.7\times 10^{{13}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz at 298 K). This is the result of complete acoustic and thermal impedance match due to a metal-free design, which is promising for sensing, microwave signal processing, and quantum acoustodynamics (QAD).


At the end of Section 2 of the main paper, the semiparametric model framework within which we derive the proposed methods is stated, and is repeated here for convenience. The data from a clinical trial are denoted by (Yi, Xi, Zi), i = 1, . . . , n, assumed iid across i, where Y denotes the response of interest; X is a vector of baseline auxiliary covariates; and Z = 1, . . . , k depending on to which of k possible treatment groups subject i was randomized, with randomization probabilities P (Z = g) = πg, g = 1, . . . , k, ∑k g=1 πg = 1. Randomization guarantees that Z⊥⊥X. We assume that interest focuses on a parameter β involved in characterizing treatment comparisons, defined in the context of a model for the conditional density of Y given Z, pY |Z(y|z; θ, η), where θ = (β T , γ ) . Here, γ represents a finite-dimensional vector of possible additional parameters, and η is a finiteor infinite-dimensional nuisance parameter required to describe fully the class of models under consideration. Examples of such models are discussed in Section 2 of the main paper. The semiparametric model introduced in Section 2 of the main paper consists of all joint densities pY,X,Z(y, x, z ; θ, η, ψ, π) = pY,X|Z(y, x | z; θ, η, ψ)pZ(z;π) such that the conditional densities for (Y,X) given Z, denoted pY,X|Z(y, x | z; θ, η, ψ), satisfy


An apparatus is described that can continuously monitor the electron beam current falling on a moving metal sample conveyor. The apparatus is insensitive to the electron energy. (T.F.H.)


The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons of online learner participation in blended learning environments. The study group consisted of 14 graduate students, who had prior learning experiences in blended learning. In this study, semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews were made and these interviews were coded and analyzed in NVivo. At first data divided into two categories as "participation" and "nonparticipation". Then four categories, which are named as "willingly participation", "unwillingly participation", "willingly nonparticipation", and "unwillingly nonparticipation". For "willingly participation", two themes were identified as benefit and interest. For "unwillingly participation", the themes were responsibility and suppression. For "willingly nonparticipation" four themes were identified as bad design, not interesting, not benefiting, and existence of face to face opportunity. Suppression, work overload, shortage of time, and hesitation were identified as themes of "unwillingly nonparticipation".


The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and associated co-seismic landslide was the most recent expression of the rapid deformation and erosion occurring in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The erosion associated with co-seismic landslides balances the long-term tectonic uplift in the topographic evolution of the region; however, the quantitative relationship between earthquakes, uplift, and erosion is still unknown. In order to quantitatively distinguish the seismically-induced erosion in the total erosion, here, we quantify the Wenchuan earthquake-induced erosion using the digital elevation model (DEM) differential method and previously-reported landslide volumes. Our results show that the seismically-induced erosion is comparable with the pre-earthquake short-term erosion. The seismically-induced erosion rate contributes ~50% of the total erosion rate, which suggests that the local topographic evolution of the middle Longmen Shan region may be closely related to tectonic events, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We propose that seismically-induced erosion is a very important component of the total erosion, particularly in active orogenic regions. Our results demonstrate that the remote sensing technique of differential DEM provides a powerful tool for evaluating the volume of co-seismic landslides produced in intermountain regions by strong earthquakes.


According to literature, emotional understanding is related to theory of mind (Astington, 1993; Flavell, 2000), specifically with the ability of understanding that beliefs about reality can also condition


Many companies try to create a centralized program for managing innovation. Usually innovation is delegated to the marketing or R&D department or sometimes a new function is created to manage innovation across the organization. Unfortunately such models for fostering innovation are insufficient and inefficient. Innovation is limited by the available talent, attention, insights and instincts of the managing group. They don't allow a largely pool of talented and insightful employees to create and act on their ideas. We believe that a solution can be to create a system for stimulating potentially valuable ideas and managing the process of converting the best of them to innovations that have an impact on competitiveness.


As an important resource for people to survive, water plays an important role in human life and industrial and agricultural production. However, with the development of industry, groundwater pollution and surface decline are becoming more and more serious. As one of the important pollution sources of water pollution, nitrogen-containing pollutants play a very important role in the strategic reserve of water resources. It can be seen that scientific management and evaluation of the quality of water resources are of great significance for the rational development and utilization of water resources. Based on the mathematical model of groundwater pollution, four full discrete Galerkin finite element schemes are constructed. In this paper, the convergence and stability of these four schemes are discussed in due course. In order to estimate the maximum error of the scheme, it can not only solve the seepage problem with finite elements, but also understand the transportation law of matter in porous media to a certain extent.


The 19 nations of the Middle East and North Africa represent a market of nearly 300 million. The region is home to roughly 65% of the world's proven oil reserves. Yet, Western business leaders, decision-makers, and other interested parties who aim to gather CI face many content, technical, and other obstacles. This article introduces the steps necessary to locate the most reliable, accurate, and up-to-date CI regarding the region, and elaborates on the following issues: (1) Availability of CI sources in the region; (2) general content advantages and disadvantages of using these sources; (3) technical difficulties and obstacles for Western CI seekers; (4) methods applied to overcome various barriers; and (5) how to use CI sources appropriately for your organization's needs. The article includes specific case studies to illustrate the difficulties inherent in obtaining CI in the region, and methods to gather necessary materials and leads. The author shares his experiences both as a builder of a business database regarding the Middle East and as a user of such databases. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Investigation of E1 and M1 photon strength functions for heavy nuclei based on analysis of statistical γ cascades, following the slow-neutron capture, are reported. Data on suppression of E1 photon strength at intermediate γ-ray energies are summarized together with the latest results on the search for M1 scissors resonances built on excited levels in deformed nuclei.


A deterministic model simulation for radiative transfer process was implemented to analyze water depths, and different types of soils on the lake bottom. The model accounted for physical properties of the water, the Sun position, sensor viewing geometry, and atmospheric effect. The model simulations were evaluated by comparing results with airborne multispectral scanner data. Statistical analyses revealed relationships between scanner measurements and radiance estimations from the model in certain spectral regions. The results show that the model simulation provided reference for water resource study.


AbstractAn asphalt mixture has different tensile properties as compared with compressive ones due to the combined effect of aggregate interlock, binder stiffness, and aggregate-binder interactions....


Elementary students' understanding of polygon areas concept is important in succeeding in their academic and daily life because the concept is broadly applied at schools and homes. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the concept is required. The understanding can be seen from students' analytical thinking in facing a complicated problem. If a student does analytical thinking, the student can create a link between the concepts and predict what will happen. In fact, students frequently use procedural thinking to solve almost any type of problem, including non-routine problems. A study to reveal this phenomenon is thus important to conduct. This study aimed to describe students' analytical thinking in solving the polygon areas problems. To know the students' analytical thinking, the researcher gave problems toa team of mathematics Olympiad of elementary school students. Based on students' analytical answers, the researcher found (1) analytical and (2) semi-analytical thinking. Analytical thinking was characterized by algorithm clarity, chronological reasoning, valid argumentation, and effective steps. Semi-analytical thinking was characterized by a presence of "disturbing elements" which broke the chain of implications. The result of the study can be teachers' consideration in selecting teaching methods tailored to the students' thinking possibilities so that knowledge and learning experiences are well internalized.


The Numerical simulation was performed on the flow field around the two-dimensional rectangular bluff body in order to complement the previous experimental results of the bluff body stabilized flames [1]. For both fuel ejection configurations against an oxidizer stream, the flame stability was affected mainly by vortex structure and mixing field near bluff body. FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator) based on the LES(Large Eddy Simulation) was employed to clarify the isothermal mixing characteristic and wake flow pattern around bluff body. The air used atmosphere and the fuel used methane. The result of counter flow configuration shows that the flow field depends on air velocity but the mixing field is influenced on the fuel velocity. At low fuel velocity the fuel mole fraction is below the flammable limit and hence the mixing is insufficient to react. Therefore, as the result, the flame formed at low fuel velocity is characterized by non-premixed flames. For the flow field of co-flow configuration, flame stability was affected by fuel velocity as well as air velocity. the vortex generated by fuel stream has counter rotating direction against the air stream. Therefore, the momentum ratio between air and fuel stream was important to decide the flame blow out limit, which is result in the characteristic of the partially premixed reacting wake near extinction.


The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C9H9N2)], has four molecules in the asymmetric unit and exists in the form of an R44(12) tetramer as tautomeric 3-ferrocenyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole and 5-ferrocenyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole (3:1). In a unit cell, two tetramers are linked by C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds involving the cyclopentadienyl rings as acceptors into a double chain in the [010] direction.


Abstract In 1888, A. M. Basset ("A Treatise on Hydrodynamics," Deighton, Bell and Co., Cambridge, 1888) gave a formal argument to show that slow modes of decay do not exist for the free surface and velocity field of a linearized, two dimensional, viscous, finite-depth ocean with small viscosity. His dispersion relation for waves of the formeikx+ωtwas ω≈O(k2). His argument did not apply to very small wavelengths (largek) which are important to consider since nonlinear effects can cause small wavelengths to focus and form singularities. In Lamb's book on hydrodynamics, there is a formal argument which shows that slow modes of decay exist for small wavelengths on the free surface of a linearized, two dimensional, viscous ocean of infinite depth if surface tension is neglected. There, Lamb showed that ω≈O(1/k). The lack of boundary conditions on a fixed bottom makes the analysis somewhat easier than for the finite depth case. Lamb's analysis, as well as Basset's, relies on physical intuition rather than careful mathematical analysis—the smallness of certain quantities is assumed before the dispersion relation is derived. More importantly, both Basset and Lamb rely on a particular decomposition (we will be specific below) of the stream function which becomes degenerate in the small wavelength limit. They obtain dispersion relations by setting to zero a determinant, but the zeros of that determinant do not all correspond to physically nontrivial pressures or velocities. Some zeros merely reflect the degeneracy of the decomposition they used. The purpose of this article is to warn others of this pitfall, while pointing out a simple direct method of calculation which avoids it. Our approach applies equally well to the cases of finite or infinite depth, with or without surface tension. In addition, our method yields a complete asymptotic expansion for the dispersion relation for small wavelengths. In order to obtain a complete expansion from other methods, one would have to decide at which point in the expansion small terms that were dropped would need to be reinserted, etc.


Segmentation What is Segmentation and How Does It Work? The Supply Chain Performance Measures Analytics and SCS Segmentation Applied An Example of SCS - the Analysis Process An Example of SCS - the Build Process SCS Execution SCS in Your Organization SCS Key Concepts Segmentation Effects Change Management SCS is Wonderful About the Author Index


Abstract Aim We aim to describe the relationship between job satisfaction and compare levels of resilience among out‐of‐hospital emergency medical service professionals. Background The study of the impact of the working environment on health professionals has raised great interest. Job‐related variables and resilience can be a protective factor against stressful and demanding events at work. Methods A cross‐sectional survey comprising sociodemographic and job‐related variables was conducted among 406 workers (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and ambulance technicians) from the out‐of‐hospital emergency medical system in Spain. Resilience was self‐reported using the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. Results Nursing professionals were less resilient compared with ambulance technicians (score difference 1.709, p = .008). As age increased, resilience was lower (r = −.118). Professionals with higher resilience scores were more satisfied in their work (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.11), and professionals with higher psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed greater job satisfaction (OR = 5.47, 95% CI: 2.55–11.73). Conclusion There was a positive association between resilience, job satisfaction and collaborative work. Professionals with greater psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed higher levels of job satisfaction. Implications for Nursing Management Managers can use these results to influence the work environment to enhance job satisfaction and hence improve the resilience of the out‐of‐hospital emergency health care professionals.


Handling is the important link of logistics system,and its efficiency will directly influence the service level of logistics system.Equipment is the foundation of Handling,its selection and configuration is will affect the operation efficiency.In the increasing demand of customers' personalized Mass Customization era,timely response to customer requirements,meet customer requirements,and realize customer value will challenge logistics system service level.By establishing the mathematical programming model,in consideration of the competition is based on the time,the handling operations integration is discussed.And finally gives a calculation example.


Numerical calculations of phase conjugation at SBS are performed with using the model approximated to actual conditions and taking into account 3D medium, non-steady state effects, diffraction, effect of Stokes radiation on laser one (SBS saturation). SBS-mirror consists of focusing lens and SBS-cell. It is obtained that the negative spherical aberration, resulting in additional focusing of laser radiation, leads to decrease of SBS threshold, growth of reflection coefficient from SBS-cell, and the increase of phase conjugation quality. These effects take place under quasi-steady-state as well as non-steady state conditions of SBS. Thus, the influence of such an aberration is positive, if it will be possible to avoid parasitic non-linear effects (optical breakdown, self-action) with growth of laser beam intensity in a SBS-cell. It is found that the positive spherical aberration, resulting in additional defocusing of laser radiation, has negative effect on properties of a SBS-mirror. Such an aberration leads to a broadening of laser beam waist, the rise of SBS threshold and the decrease of reflection coefficient. The reducing of the reflection coefficient, in turn, results in deterioration of phase conjugation fidelity. These effects take place under quasi-steady-state as well as non-steady state conditions of SBS. The calculated data agree qualitatively with experimental results.


Abstract With the widespread application of neonicotinoid insecticides, Clothianidin has received much attention due to the potential harm to human health and ecological environment. However, the mechanism of Clothianidin's underlying toxicity to organisms remains unclear. In this work, the interaction between Clothianidin and human serum albumin was investigated and the intrinsic fluorescence of human serum albumin got quenched via static mechanisms upon the addition of Clothianidin. The binding constants between Clothianidin and human serum albumin at three different temperature were obtained to be 3.543 × 104, 2.995 × 104, and 2.490 × 104 M−1, respectively. Based on the van't Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters, ΔH0 and ΔS0 were estimated to be −53.885 KJ mol−1 and −110.535 J mol−1K−1, respectively. A single binding site was predicted from the binding constants at different temperatures by multiple spectroscopic techniques and the negative values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 indicated the binding of human serum albumin with Clothianidin was driven by hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces. Furthermore, the loose and unfolded secondary structure of human serum albumin along with the addition of clothianidin had been observed through ultraviolet-visible absorption and circular dichroism spectra. In addition, it was also found that Clothianidin had polar effects of structural microenviroment not only on Trp but also Tyr residues from synchronous fluorescence analysis. This study illuminates the molecular mechanism of the interaction between human serum albumin and clothianidin for the first time and helps to construct a specific pesticide biosensor system of human health.


We present results of a rock‐magnetic study of soils that were affected by wildfires that burned portions of the Everglades in the Spring of 2008. Soils at sites that were extensively burned exhibit a pronounced surface magnetic enhancement effect with magnetizations of surface samples up to 16 times greater than that observed at depth (>7 cm) at these sites. The increase in magnetization results from an increased abundance of a low‐coercivity phase (maghemite) that occurs at the expense of the abundance of a high‐coercivity phase (goethite). These results indicate that fire‐induced heating caused goethite in the surface soils to convert into a more magnetic, low‐coercivity phase, such as maghemite. Goethite is an excellent adsorber of phosphorus, and therefore we hypothesize that the destruction of goethite as a result of burning may have important implications for phosphorus cycling in the Everglades ecosystem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Atypical meningioma,which represented only 5-7% of meningiomas before the 2007 WHO classification, now accounts for more than 20% of all meningiomas5-7. Because of their aggressive behavior, grades II and III meningiomas have an unpredictable outcome6,8,9 and reported series have consisted of only a few patients10-15. As a consequence, prognostic factors and therapeutic strategy are not clear and considerable controversy remains.


traditional methods of calculation of rivet joints are based on very approximate methods of determining the forces arising in the connection. This leads to serious inaccuracies in the determination of stresses. In addition, this approach makes it impossible to calculate equivalent stresses and obtain a complete picture of the stress-strain state of the joint. All this leads to the need to increase the factor of safety and, as a consequence, increase the number or diameter of rivets, which leads to an increase in the weight of the structure and its rise in price. The proposed method of calculating the connection by the finite element method allows to determine the stresses in all elements of the connection very accurately. This makes it possible to obtain a reliable picture of the stress-strain state of all elements of the compound. As a result, it is possible to reduce the complexity of the compound and its mass by reducing the number of rivets. The finite element method should be used to calculate critical compounds with complex operating conditions. The example of calculation of such connection is considered.


Several tables of prime numbers whose forms are generalizations of the form (lo" — l)/9 of the repunit numbers are presented. The repunit number (10 —1)/9 is shown to be a prime.


Gold nanoshells' surface were modified by different functional small molecular containing mercapto group respectively, such as cysteamine (Cys), cystamine (CYS), mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA), and mercaptoethanol (ME). The investigations of dynamic light scatter (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that Cys and CYS with amine groups presented a significant devastation on the core/shell structure of gold nanoshells, which lead to the obvious aggregation and the disappearance of the NIR resonance of the nanoparticles. However, the surface-modification with MSA and ME had no obvious effect on the core/shell structure and the NIR response of the gold nanoshells. It is possibly due to the bonding of amine groups in Cys and CYS with the gold layers of the nanoshells by electrostatic and coordination interaction.


The Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) is a framework that facilitates the development of applications that rely on finite-element analysis to solve a coupled, nonlinear system of partial differential equations. RELAP-7 represents an update to the venerable RELAP-5 simulator that is built upon this framework and attempts to model the balance-of-plant concerns in a full nuclear plant. This report details the continued support and integration of RELAP-7 and the NEAMS Integrated Computational Environment (NiCE). RELAP-7 is fully supported by the NiCE due to on-going work to tightly integrate NiCE with the MOOSE framework, and subsequently the applications built upon it. NiCE development throughout the first quarter of FY15 has focused on improvements, bug fixes, and feature additions to existing MOOSE-based application support. Specifically, this report will focus on improvements to the NiCE MOOSE Model Builder, the MOOSE application job launcher, and the 3D Nuclear Plant Viewer. This report also includes a comprehensive tutorial that guides RELAP-7 users through the basic NiCE workflow: from input generation and 3D Plant modeling, to massively parallel job launch and post-simulation data visualization.


Modern society is seeing a fast uptick in technology adaptation and incorporation. The development of the internet and other modern devices has made it possible for systems to become further adaptable, diverse, and sophisticated, enabling them to handle the bulk of humanity's duties and burdens. The most successful technological advances in internet adaptation are virtual worlds and augmented reality. But the increased search for technical breakthroughs has made room for the most recent virtual world, called Metaverse. Metaverse has created the presence of the digital space and changed it into the actual world so that we are no longer just dependent on the internet via our screens. Utilizing virtual or augmented reality systems, it enables users to actively involve themselves in the virtual space where they may engage and innovate everyday choices in a time-based setting. The Metaverse has improved its accessories throughout the years. In order to provide customers with a holistic and true experience with the item or commodity they desire to purchase, companies and businesses are making use of automation's special and distinguishing features. Due to the rising competitiveness in the marketing industry, the Metaverse has given businesses and traders the opportunity to investigate technology aspects for more creativity. An introduction to the metaverse and its developments is presented in this paper.


Biomarkers can be measured objectively and can assess physiological as well as pathological process or pharmacological response or helps in deciding therapeutic intervention or prognostication of disease. Biomarkers can be clinical as well as molecular. Kidney is one of the vital organs of human body and has mainly excretory functions. Acute kidney injury is independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality and early intervention has better prognosis. Defining acute kidney injury is still a big issues and various classifications have been proposed but none is suitable to define or identify sub-acute injury to such a vital organ. Measurement of serum creatinine and urine output have been used in almost all definitions but do not pick up early sub-clinical damage associated with normal serum creatinine and urine output. Recently study of general and novel biomarkers have helped in defining the sub-clinical damage, early therapeutic intervention and prognosis of child with acute kidney injury.


A monolithic bandstop active tunable filter has been designed and realised. The filter is based on a gyrator-type active resonator, implemented using only three active devices. The center frequency of the realised notch filter is around 1.9 GHz, with a tuning range of more than 400 MHz. Measured performances include a typical in-band rejection of more than 30 dB all over the operating bandwidth, a stopband span of less than 50 MHz, together with input/output match better than 12 dB. Positive supply only has been employed.


Chapter 13 opens with commentary on Bradbury's 1980 Omni magazine article "Beyond Eden," an essay commissioned to support the projected Space Shuttle program. In this essay, Bradbury defined his Space-Age Trinity—God, humanity, and the machines of interplanetary flight. The chapter goes on to document Bradbury's April 1980 interviews with friends who had achieved prominence in the new generation of science fiction films: producers Gary Kurtz and Gene Roddenberry, director Irvin Kershner, and special effects artist John Dykstra. Bradbury never completed the article on the future of science fiction films that these interviews were intended to support, but he did articulate a maturing sense of Toynbee's "challenge and response" as a way to focus the kind of human growth required to reach other worlds.


Oxidation of alkyl substituted aromatic compounds to ketones and carboxylic acids can be achieved by 70% aqueous TBHP (tert-butyl hydroperoxide) under microwave irradiation with no additional organic solvent, metal based reagent or catalyst. Methyl aromatics (toluenes and xylenes) can be oxidized directly to the industrially important benzoic and phthalic acids. An addition of a tiny amount of ionic liquid and simultaneous cooling improves the efficiency of these oxidations. For other alkyl substituted aromatics, ketones are obtained in good yields.


Dairy sludge was investigated as potential adsorbent for the removal of hazardous cationic dyes. Biosorption was studied as a function of solution initial pH, biosorbent dose, biosorbent particle diameter and initial dye ion concentration. These parameters were measured in batch experiments. Equilibrium uptake increased with increasing dye concentration with a maximum sorption capacity of a 178.6 mg g -1 . Model equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data and the best fits to the experimental data were provided by the first isotherm model. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared analyses (FTIR) and microbiological characterisation were also performed to characterize the biosorbent. To describe the adsorption mechanism, kinetic models such as pseudo-second-order and the intra particle diffusion were applied.


Complex uncertain variables are measurable functions from an uncertainty space to the set of complex numbers and are used to model complex uncertain quantities. This paper introduces the convergence concepts of complex uncertain sequences: convergence almost surely (a.s.), convergence in measure, convergence in mean, convergence in distribution and convergence uniformly almost surely. In addition, relationships among them are discussed.


The present study aims at assessing the psychological capital of the HSC students from arts, commerce and science stream. Sample of N=42 from each of three streams was collected. The Students Psychological Capital Scale, a smaller version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire developed by Luthans was used for measurement of PsyCap. One way ANOVA was performed on the scores of the sample. The HSC students from arts, commerce and science stream did not significantly differ on PsyCap. But commerce students show significantly high PsyCap as compared to arts students.


In 2020, S. Mosyakin and B. Mandák described a new species from the Chenopodium album aggregate, C. ucrainicum. The description of the species was based mainly on its distinct morphological characters. This study aims to improve our understanding of C. ucrainicum by combining karyological, cytological, molecular, and distribution information. All analyses demonstrated that C. ucrainicum is closely related to C. ficifolium and C. suecicum, the species with the 'BB' subgenome. It has the same diploid number of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 18), has very similar genome size (mean ± SD, 1.865 ± 0.026 pg), and is included in the same haplogroup together with polyploid species with the subgenome combination 'BBDD'. Nevertheless, the haplotype of C. ucrainicum is unique and is not shared with any known closely related species, indicating that the species is very well delimited from other related taxa. A similar result was obtained by RAD-seq data. This finding is particularly significant because species with the 'BB' genome played an integral part in the evolution of several allopolyploid taxa, some of which are widespread weeds (C. album s.s., C. berlandieri) or economically important species (C. quinoa). Morphologically, the closest species remains C. suecicum, which is, however, very well genetically differentiated.


The some epidemiologic characteristics of etiologic agent of disease, possible main and intermediate reservoirs of agent in the nature, mechanism of agents transmission, modern methods of diagnostics and identification of agent, perspective trends of elaboration of therapeutics for special prophylactic and current of diseases are viewed. The possibility of existing in no endemic regions outbreaks of MERS as the result of accidental acquire by persons, arrival from Middle East countries, determines of elaboration of complex effective epidemic measures.


Well-managed and enforced no-take marine reserves generate important larval subsidies 31 to neighboring habitats and thereby contribute to the long-term sustainability of fisheries. However, larval dispersal patterns are variable, which leads to temporal fluctuations in 33 the contribution of a single reserve to the replenishment of local populations. Identifying 34 management strategies that mitigate the uncertainty in larval supply will help ensure the 35 stability of recruitment dynamics and minimize the volatility in fishery catches. Here, we 36 use genetic parentage analysis to show extreme variability in both the dispersal patterns 37 and recruitment contribution of four individual marine reserves across six discrete 38 recruitment cohorts for coral grouper ( Plectropomus maculatus ) on the Great Barrier Reef. 39 Together though, the asynchronous contributions from multiple reserves create temporal 40 stability in recruitment via a connectivity portfolio effect. This dampening effect reduces 41 the variability in larval supply from individual reserves by a factor of 1.8, which effectively 42 halves the uncertainty in the recruitment contribution of individual reserves. Thus, not 43 only does the network of four marine reserves generate valuable larval subsidies to 44 neighboring habitats, the aggregate effect of individual reserves mitigates temporal 45 fluctuations in dispersal patterns and the replenishment of local populations. Our results indicate that small networks of marine reserves yield previously unrecognized stabilizing 47 benefits that ensure a consistent larval supply to replenish exploited fish stocks. Networks of marine reserves support fisheries supply and quantified temporal fluctuations in the recruitment contribution from a network of no- take marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef. Although recruitment contributions from individual reserves are extremely variable, the reserve network generates a connectivity portfolio effect that successfully dampens the volatility of larval supply to nearby coral reefs. Our findings demonstrate that effective reserve networks can yield previously unrecognized stabilizing benefits that ensure a consistent replenishment of exploited fish stocks.


This paper introduces a compact dual bandstop frequency selective surface (F.S.S.) for shielding applications. The octagonal and square looped model projected in this paper act as a band rejects filter for the frequencies 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The proposed model simulated using CST MWS electromagnetic simulation software. The current distribution for the two resonance frequencies is analyzed well. The proposed unit cell provides a symmetrical shape which enable stable performance in both T.E. and T.M. mode. The angular stability was assessed in various angles of incidence from (0°–60°). In T.E. polarization, the transmission and reflection coefficient for second resonance frequency shifted by +0.5 GHz and −0.5 GHz.


The introduction sets up the centrality of women and girls to the growth of American theater seen through the development of the starring system and establishes the role of patriarchal institutions, including celebrity culture, in shaping their lives and careers. It follows a survey of prevailing scholarly arguments about the changing structure and content of antebellum theater, women's changing relationship with public life, and the rise of modern celebrity culture by establishing the book's key contributions to the literature. This book centers the structural and aesthetic contributions of women to the growth of American theater and offering new analysis of their lived and performed negotiation of American gender ideologies, focused on a broader cohort of historical figures, as shown in the chapter overview.


land resources is the most basic yielding material,the quantity has the characteristic of clear limitation, and change in quality,especially for the lack of farmland which attaches important to the development of country. With the degeneration of agriculture, protection of farmland appears more important. Based on the characteristic of land resources of De Zhou, this paper analyses the problems lying in use of this resource,and finds out the main factors about the evolution of land resources through related analysis, and speculate the provision and assurance of land resources.


Richard Stubbs' book makes a valuable contribution to the literature on East Asia's economic development. It seeks to explain the region's "economic miracle" from a historic institutional perspective and develops convincing arguments to support the author's claims. Stubbs argues that a firm comprehension of the "geopolitical history" of East Asia's economic development is needed to understand fully the region's economic miracle. He stresses the importance of security-related imperatives and conditions that shaped the institutional environment in which economic policy has been formulated in East Asian states over the last five or six decades. The book's opening chapter provides a very interesting, insightful and well structured overview of five competing explanations of the East Asian economic miracle, these being neoclassical economic; statist; cultural; Japan-centred, and American hegemonic. Stubbs then outlines his own approach that draws upon elements of these different approaches, especially statist and American hegemonic explanations. Subsequent chapters are based on historic periods of analysis, such as pre-World War Two, World War Two, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, Japan and the 1980s, and the 1997/98 East Asian financial crisis and its aftermath. Throughout the book, importance is also conferred to path dependence (e.g. "embedded" socio-cultural factors and institutional traditions), critical junctures (e.g. wars, the 1997/98 financial crisis) and effects in determined economic development outcomes in East Asia. The book's analysis centres on seven "miracle" economies: Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand and Malaysia. Stubbs develops an impressive narrative on how they confronted security threats through rapid industrialisation strategies that brought national economic strength. This in turn improved the military-industrial capabilities of these economies while their export-oriented industrialisation generated the financial surpluses that enabled them to procure security resources and technologies from foreign powers, such as the USA. In sum, economic development was a forward defence against possible prospective invaders. Stubbs also contends that it was the security predicament facing many East Asian states that gave legitimacy for various forms of (developmental) state guidance to realise the economic development objectives, which often entailed society making economic compromises, e.g. repressed wage levels. The only criticism of the book I have is that, given the critical linkages made by the author between security imperatives and economic development, there was no explicit discussion of concepts of economic security. However, this is a minor criticism and I recommend that anyone with an interest in East Asia's economic development should read this book.


the curative agent, especially as it has been tried in other instances without good effect. Next, there are operative proceedings, consisting in the introduction of one or other description of instrument to the seat of injury. The fracture may be cut down on and caustic potash applied, as recommended by the younger Cline. Small holes may be drilled in the bone, and ivory or silver pegs driven in. This was first proposed by Dieffenbach, and several cases terminating successfully after this treatment have been recorded; one by Mr. Stanley, occurring at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; others by Mr. Bowman, of King's College, and Mr. Teale, of Leeds. The originator of this method was first led to employ tl-e pegs from noticing that a leaden bullet, embedded in bone, gave rise to osseous formations around it; but the late experimients of Dr. Brainard, of the United States, ou the effects of foreign bodies when allowed to remain in contact with bony tissue, tend, for the most part, to prove they promote absorption, and, and induce no tendenev to the prodtuction of callus (American Journal of MIedical Science, Jan. 1858). Indeed, Dr. Brainard proposes as a means of cure in some forms of exostosis, the introduction of silver or ivory pegs. Next, the ends of the bones may be cut down on and scarified. A seton, as first used by Dr. Physick in 1802, may be passed between them, or, as is better, to the one side. Erichsen mentions a plan of passing a silver wire round the fracture and, by gradually tightering,, cutting through the false joint. Professor Porter of Edinburgh cured two cases by using the chain-saw in the same manner (Edin. Mledical and Surgical Journal, Jan. 1842). A metallic canntula and heRted wire have been recommended by the German surgeons. Injections of irritating fluid have been spoken of. A piece of silver wire has been used in lieu of a seton. Nitrate of silver or butter of antimony have been applied to the fragments. Lastly, the broken ends may be sawn off. Of all these operations, there are few I should feel inclined to countenance, and then only on the failure of the method presenltly to be mentioned. The application of potassa fusa, nitrate of silver, antimony, etc., cannot, in my opinion, afford any prospect of cure; neither should I much like to inject irritatin, fluids into a patient's leg or arm. Dieffenbach's pegs, and the seton, have failed in numerous instances; and sawing off the ends of the bones is an operationi too dangerous to be lightly undertaken, especially so in the arm or thigh. Liston (Practical Surgery, p. 100), while admitting the uncertainty of most operations, seems to have placed most reliance on the setoni, and gives a caution regarding the length of time it should be permitted to remain; and by way of enforcing this, brings forward a case wlhich occurred, where the seton was allowecl to reinain thirteen months ; for what purpose it is difficiilt to say, and, of course, without any good result. The operation of sawing off the ends of the bones was first practised by Wihite, in the middle of the last century, but has been condemnned by very many auithorities. Mr. South considers sawinga off applicable to the fore-arm and leg, but not to the upper arm or thigh (Chelitus, p. 889); and Mr. Lawrence is, or was, of the same opinion (Lectures, Lancet, 1830, vol. ii). Miller (Principles of Surgery, chap. 21, p. 246) states the operation proved inadequate in practice, and may now be considered aba-ndoned, while Erichsen, Fergusson, and Syme, speak of only as a " dernier ressort". The operation has, however, in some instances succeeded. Two successtful cases are recorded in the Lancet (Feb. 5, 1859) by Mlr. Davies, of Merthyr Tydfil. Mr. Spence, of Edinburgh, performed the operation with success, after the seton had failed (Edinl. Mlledical and Surgical Journal, Nov. 1855). Other instances may be found in the medical journals; wbile from the statistics of Norris, referred to in an earlier part of this paper, we learn, that out of thirtv-eiglht cases in which the ends of the bones were either resected or scraped, twenty-four were cured, seven received no benefit, and six died. It is unfortunate that it is not stated what number had the ends of the bones sawn off, or how many died from that operation alone. In six cases, the particulars of which I am familiar with, where resection was performed, two died, three recovered, and one received no benefit. Had I to take lmiy choice of these operative proceedings, I should first prefer scarifying the ends of the bones, making a very small externial openilig, as recommended by Dr. Brainard; next to that, the silver wire seton, taking care to retain it only till inDlanmatory action was excited; and not before I had tried these means should I talke into consideration the propriety of sawing off the ends of the bones, and then only should the limb prove too great an incumbrance for the 520 patient to bear. This, however, does not always happen. I have seen a man with an ununited thigh-bone, who, having the part well supported by a strong leather apparatus, went about his daily avocations; and I have also seen several instances of false joint in the upper extremities, which appeared to give the patient very little inconvenience. A case of this kind is also mentioned by Mr. Crompton, of Birmingham (Medical Gazette, Nov. 15, 1850). In attempts, therefore, at cure or relief, such cases must be borne in mind. The position in which the patient may be placed, and his means of livelihood must be considered, and not unless the limb prevents him following his employment, or earning his living, should he be advised to incur a serious risk, for what may, after the lapse of a short period, become merely an inconvenience or slight incumbrance. [To be continued.]


Research on child traders in the Peruvian city of Cusco highlights the roles that children play, revealing that children work as traders, either alone or alongside an adult, in 13 per cent of all observed informal trading units in the city centre. More specifically, on the streets, children comprise an even higher proportion: 21 per cent of traders. Interviews with the child street traders reveal the children's agency, with children setting their own prices, occupying different sites to maximise the efficiency of their trading activities, and with those of different ages and gender adopting different roles within an apparent trader hierarchy. Given their considerable resilience to a large police presence, the child traders are entrenched in the city centre, and achieving the policy goal of removing them from the central streets is likely to require consumer education against buying from children, as well as cooperation from the parents and children themselves


Abstract This work investigates the distribution, occurrence, and origin of silica in the Cyrenaican Miocene shallow marine carbonates along a 135 km strike section, and its relation to the depositional facies and the sequence stratigraphic framework. Twenty-nine detailed measured stratigraphic field sections, 14 gamma-ray profiles, and four carbon stable isotope curves were used to define the Cyrenaican Miocene detailed facies relationships and their sequence stratigraphic context. The Ar-Rajmah Group Cyrenaican Miocene facies consists of red algal reefs, bioclastic packstones, oolitic grainstones, and microbialites that are associated with evaporites and siliciclastics. These facies are arranged within two second order supersequences that comprise six third order sequences. A total of 503 rock samples were collected for thin section petrographic analysis and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) geochemical analysis. As observed in the field, silica is very common in the ramp crest oolitic grainstone facies and peritidal microbialite facies, but rare in the subtidal red algal and bioclastic packstone facies. The silica commonly occurs as chert nodules of reddish-bluish light gray color in the ramp-crest and peritidal facies and is whitish light gray color in the subtidal facies. In addition, the silica forms in up to 20 cm thick, discontinuous layers in the porous mixed microbial-oolitic grainstone facies. In thin section, the silica forms as disseminated silica, microquartz, and chalcedonic quartz. It replaces matrix, grains, cements, and even forms authigenic fan-shaped chalcedonic cement that filled up pore spaces. In the paragenetic sequence of the Cyrenaican Miocene, silicification always comes as the last replacement process after dolomitization, dedolomitization, and gypsum replacement. All studied silica samples are length slow while the gypsum plate is inserted in the XPL position. A study of all 503 samples did not reveal any evidence of a biogenic origin for the silica. However, the XRF analysis of the same samples did reveal a linear relationship between aluminium and silicon (R2 = 0.8143). The relationship, as empirically determined, is Al (wt. %) = 0.1646 * Si (wt. %) + 0.11405. In the Cyrenaican Miocene carbonate-evaporite sequence, the diagenetic silica occurrence and distribution are strongly facies controlled and have no correlation with the sequence stratigraphic surfaces or systems tracts. Also, the silica originated from continental weathering rather than being biological, as evidenced by the strong direct proportional geochemical relationship between the silicon and aluminum, as well as the petrographic analysis.


As a key representative material for the third-generation wide bandgap semiconductors, silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising wide band gap semiconductor material and can be used for the fabrication of high-power and high-frequency electronics, due to its superior physical properties,such as high thermal conductivity, wide band gap and high critical breakdown field. In recent years, bulk growth of SiC single crystals and the fabrication of devices have made significant progress. The paper introduces the growth techniques for SiC bulk and presents the relationship between the on-state resistance and voltage or laser energy. It also analyses the failure of devices.


In this paper, we demonstrate 320 Gb/s Multi-wavelength Opt ical Packet Switching with contention resolution mechanism based on feed-forwar d input buffer. The feasibility has been confirmed by monitoring the waveforms and the eye-petterns o f output signals.


China's new mental health law, which was passed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on 26 October 2012, will take effect on 1 May 2013.[1] The primary goals of the law are to develop the field of mental health, to standardize mental health services and to protect the legal rights and interests of persons with mental disorders. Despite having a common goal of addressing the complicated problem of mental disorders, drafting the law was a long and tortuous process because of the competing interests of the various stakeholders: patients, family members of patients, community members, mental health care providers, human rights activists, governmental agencies, and legislators. The focus of successive drafts of the law swung between rigorously protecting patients' rights and interests to rigorously ensuring the safety of community members from potential risks of having mentally ill individuals living in the community.[2] The final law has included legal restrictions on the clinical practice of psychiatry that exceed those in some high-income countries. Thus, it is necessary to draw attention to some possible negative consequences of implementing the law and to consider potential regulations to clarify components of the law in ways that will decrease the likelihood or severity of these negative consequences. It is particularly important that health professionals, administrative departments, judicial authorities, and other related parties reach a consensus on the interpretation of the law and collectively formulate regulations to facilitate the implementation of the law.


This paper researches into the characteristic of aggregate query rewriting and gives a kind of rapidly approximate query computing model based on aggregate query rewriting under the data warehouse. The approximate query computing model is applied into a population statistic information system so that it achieves effective approximate answers. For realizing the quick and efficient answer to statistic data query, the approximate query computing model can be applied into these fields.


Thermal infrared remote sensing has been widely used for sea surface temperature (SST) monitoring. However, traditional SST remote sensing retrieval models usually have uncertainties when applied to offshore waters with variable environmental conditions due to simple functional forms and empirical fitting of model parameters. Machine learning (ML) can theoretically avoid these problems, but its applicability and driving features have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we proposed a high-precision ML-based SST retrieval framework for offshore waters in the eastern Liaodong Peninsula of China by optimizing the selection of input features. The results showed that random forest model achieved better accuracy than deep neural network and the improved split-window algorithm, exhibited credible spatial patterns of SST maps across four seasons, and was portable for the independent samples in 2021. This study offers references in selection of features and models for SST retrieval, and benefits the accuracy of offshore SST retrieval.


Fast and automatic segmentation of video object is a key technology in object based video coding such as MPEG 4. In this paper, a new algorithm for extracting moving object based on spatio temporal information is proposed. First, a binary motion image is achieved based on high order statistics detection method and motion information of multiple frames. High order statistics detection method can get rid of noise and disturbance effectively. Then, an improved watershed algorithm is proposed to segment motion region and its surrounding areas. Compared with traditional watershed algorithm the improved watershed algorithm can reduce the over segmentation phenomenon as well as the computational load. Finally, a moving object is extracted with projecting operation of spatial and temporal segmented results. In order to test the performance of the proposed algorithm, simulation test is performed with test sequences Sussie and Missa. And good experimental results are acquired which show that the proposed algorithm is efficient.


The water-saving agricultural development in arid and semiarid anti-drought irrigation region depends on water resources、eco-environment and society factors.An evaluation PPC model was established on integrated benefits of water saving in agriculture.Through applying PPC model base on RAGA in the irrigation schemes,the author turn multi-dimension data into low dimension space.So the optimum projection direction can stand for the best influence to the collectivity.Thus,the value of projection function can evaluate each item good or not.The PPC model can avoid jamming of weight matrix.At last the model was applied to evaluate integrated benefits for arid and semi-arid anti-drought irrigation area in Northeast China.The model can evaluate the grade of integrated benefits on integration technology and single technology(spray irrigation).The result demonstrated that the integrated benefits of integration technology are the first grade and spray irrigation is the second.Thus the model obtain better result,at the same time,the authors want to provide a new method and thought for readers who engaged in comprehensive evaluation of water-saving agriculture and other relation study.


A switchable four port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna has been presented in this paper for sub-6 GHz underlay cognitive radio applications. The proposed antenna is made on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) concept with a microstrip line feeding a semicircular patch element. Two narrow width slots are etched in the feed line, and one p-i-n diode is carefully placed across the pathway such that the overall geometry exhibits a switching response between an ultra-wideband (UWB) and a bandstop response. During the UWB state, the single antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth (reflection coefficient <-10 dB) from 2.7 GHz to 6.30 GHz, thereby behaving as a sensing antenna. On the contrary, a bandstop response is obtained from 3.3 GHz to 4.3 GHz during the reverse bias of the diode. Afterward, a four-port MIMO antenna has been designed, where satisfactorily values are attained for various critical antenna parameters, such as isolation between antenna elements (<20 dB), envelope correlation coefficient (<0.5), and channel capacity loss (<0.5 bits/sec/Hz). Low profile, compact size, and ease of switching between the states make the proposed antenna geometry suitable for various wireless communications.


Until a recently perceived surge in delinquency, Asian or Pacific Islander (API) youth appeared to be relatively protected from negative developmental outcomes such as delinquency, school failure, and teen pregnancy. However, the increasing rate of API youth entering the juvenile justice system has sparked more in-depth consideration of delinquency in the API population. This article describes relevant characteristics of the predominantly API youth detained in Hawaii's only youth detention facility and examines their recidivism rate after release.


In recent years,with the increase of RB investment,Hunan high-tech industry develops very fast.There are many financing problems in the high-tech industry in Hunan,such as the underdevelopment of risk capital financing,the imperfectness of credit guarantee system,the inadequacy of bank credit support,the inefficiency of local commercial bank support,the inadequate use of financing channels in security market,etc..In order to break the capital bottleneck of Hunan high-tech industry and promote its fast and sustainable development,we should develop risk investment,improve the credit guarantee system for SMEs further,give full play to the main channels of bank loans and local commercial banks,and make use of the securities market


Objective To investigate the expression of TUBB3 and P-gp protein in ovarian cancer tissue.Methods The paraffin specimen expression of TUBB3 and P-gp protein in 50 cases of ovarian cancer and 25 cases of normal ovarian tissue were detected by using immunohistochemistry.Results In the ovarian cancer tissues,the expression positive rate of TUBB3 and P-gp were all lower than those of the normal ovarian tissue,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).In ovarian cancer tissues,the expression of TUBB3 in different clinical stages and pathological grading was different,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05); and the expression of P-gp in different pathology classification was different,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).There was negative correlation between TUBB3 and P-gp(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of TUBB3 and P-gp are related with chemotherapy curative effect in patients with ovarian cancer,the expression of which have important guiding significance for formulation of chemotherapy regimens and judging prognosis.


One of the major problems of managing information systems for e-Commerce or m-Commerce is to estimate the memory utilization for its set of servers, among others. In particular, along with system security and fault tolerance, memory management is perhaps the most frequently observed challenge that the IS/IT manager faces on a daily basis. A framework for building an automated intelligent agent for memory management under the client-server architecture is suggested in this paper. Further, possible applications of the framework in terms of data mining are suggested.


Objectives: This study aimed to measure depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) among undergraduate dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic, identify key contributing factors of stress and explore the association of emotional intelligence to DAS. Methods: A multi-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted across four universities in Malaysia. The study administered a questionnaire consisting of the validated Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Dental Environment Stress (DES), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EI) and 10 statements assessing COVID-19 specific potential stressor factors. Results: Participants included 791 students across four universities. Abnormal levels of DAS were identified in 60.6%, 66.8% and 42.6% of the study participants, respectively. "Pressure of performance," "Faculty administration" and "Self-efficacy belief" were the highest rated stressors. On-time graduation was the main COVID-19 specific stressor factor. EI was negatively correlated with DAS scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The levels of DAS during COVID-19 pandemic in this population is high. However, participants with higher EI presented with lower DAS suggesting that EI may be a form of coping resource and should be enhanced in this population.


Darcy's law has long been used to describe the flow in porous media. Despite the progress that took place in oil production industry research, it became clear that there is a loss of pressure, especially in the area near the wellbore region, where Darcy's law is not applicable. For this reason, Forchheimer presented his equation in 1910, where he added a new term to Darcy's law dealing with pressure loss due to inertial forces by introducing a new term, the coefficient, into the equation. This paper presents a study of fluid flow through porous media, where water was used as a working fluid. Furthermore, the characteristics of the non-Darcy flow were analyzed by presenting the corresponding pressure and velocity gradient curves for each pressure. Extensive analysis indicates that many of the correlations available in the literature either have defective units or are the product of a small number of experiments. In this study, we benefit from relatively large samples, the radial flow, and the perforation in the middle of the samples. The properties of the samples were measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry. It was found that there is a direct relationship between the porosity and the grain's size; the greater the size of the grains, the greater the porosity, and vice versa. The non-Darcy coefficient term, β, is found to be inversely proportional to the porosity and permeability. In a previous study, the β was investigated for compressible flow scenarios; however, this study calculated it for an incompressible flow. Finally, by analyzing the β values of both studies, we could deduce new novelty correlations for the β coefficient term, where the permeability, porosity, and tortuosity are included.


The peripheral vascular system (PVS) includes all the blood vessels that exist outside the heart. The peripheral vascular system is classified as follows: The aorta and its branches:The function and structure of each segment of the peripheral vascular system vary depending on the organ it supplies. Aside from capillaries, blood vessels are all made of three layers: Within each layer, the amount of muscle and collagen fibrils varies, depending on the size and location of the vessel. Arteries Arteries play a major role in nourishing organs with blood and nutrients. Arteries are always under high pressure. To accommodate this stress, they have an abundance of elastic tissue and less smooth muscle. The presence of elastin in the large blood vessels enables these vessels to increase in size and alter their diameter. When an artery reaches a particular organ, it undergoes a further division into smaller vessels that have more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue. As the diameter of the blood vessels decreases, the velocity of blood flow also diminishes. Estimates are that about 10% to 15% of the total blood volume is contained in the arterial system. This feature of high systemic pressure and low volume is typical of the arterial system. There are two main types of arteries found in the body: (1) the elastic arteries, and (2) the muscular arteries. Muscular arteries include the anatomically named arteries like the brachial artery, the radial artery, and the femoral artery, for example. Muscular arteries contain more smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer than the elastic arteries. Elastic arteries are those nearest the heart (aorta and pulmonary arteries) that contain much more elastic tissue in the tunica media than muscular arteries. This feature of the elastic arteries allows them to maintain a relatively constant pressure gradient despite the constant pumping action of the heart. Arterioles Arterioles provide blood to the organs and are chiefly composed of smooth muscle. The autonomic nervous system influences the diameter and shape of arterioles. They respond to the tissue's need for more nutrients/oxygen. Arterioles play a significant role in the systemic vascular resistance because of the lack of significant elastic tissue in the walls. The arterioles vary from 8 to 60 micrometers. The arterioles further subdivide into meta-arterioles. Capillaries Capillaries are thin-walled vessels composed of a single endothelial layer. Because of the thin walls of the capillary, the exchange of nutrients and metabolites occurs primarily via diffusion. The arteriolar lumen regulates the flow of blood through the capillaries. Venules Venules are the smallest veins and receive blood from capillaries. They also play a role in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients for water products. There are post-capillary sphincters located between the capillaries and venules. The venule is very thin-walled and easily prone to rupture with excessive volume. Veins Blood flows from venules into larger veins. Just like the arterial system, three layers make up the vein walls. But unlike the arteries, the venous pressure is low. Veins are thin-walled and are less elastic. This feature permits the veins to hold a very high percentage of the blood in circulation. The venous system can accommodate a large volume of blood at relatively low pressures, a feature termed high capacitance. At any point in time, nearly three-fourths of the circulating blood volume is contained in the venous system. One can also find one-way valves inside veins that allow for blood flow, toward the heart, in a forward direction. Muscle contractions aid the blood flow in the leg veins. The forward blood flow from the lower extremities to the heart is also influenced by respiratory changes that affect pressure gradients in the abdomen and chest cavity. This pressure differential is highest during deep inspiration, but a small pressure differential is observable during the entire respiratory cycle.


In this study, we analyse the potential substitution of Polish goods exported to the EU with American ones after tariffs are eliminated within the framework of TTIP (the so-called trade diversion effect). The survey covers the year 2014. Statistics (HS2 classification) come from TRAINS (tariffs) and COMTRADE (exports) databases. Trade diversion effect is possible only in the case of selected commodities and would be rather very limited. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)


The effects of different temperature treatments during the seedling stage on growth and nutrient absorbance of Gerbera jamesonii cv 'Sunshine Coast' growing in the organic substrate were investigated. The temperature treatments were conducted in growth chamber where the day/night temperature were set to 15/10, 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25°C individually. The results showed that the fresh and dry weight of aboveground part and that of roots, average number of leaves and lateral roots were greater at 30/25°C than other treatments. The highest level of macro elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaf samples were also detected at 25/20°C and 30/25°C. However, there was no significant influence of different temperatures on zinc (Zn) levels in leaves. In general, the day temperature 25∼30°C and night temperature 20∼25°C are thought to be the better temperature condition for gerbera growth as well as the nutrient uptake and accumulation in the plants during the seedling stage.


The aim of this article is to examine how the discourse of formative assessment is perpetuated and transformed in a Facebook group where teachers and other agents meet for discussions and to share ...


More than four years have passed since the devastating fire in Hilandar Monastery that broke out on the night of March 3, 2004. The fire, caused by sparks from a wood-burning stove and cracks in the chimney that ignited the inner walls and eave area of the underside of the roof, destroyed more than onehalf of the 800-year-old Serbian monastery on Mount Athos (Greece). Since that time, great effort has gone into raising the millions of euros needed just for the restoration work that has already taken place. Both the raising of money and the actual restoration work, however, will need to continue for many more


The invention discloses a PLC-based multilayered circulating type three-dimensional garage control system, which consists of a PLC controller, a communication module, a circulating revolving mechanism, an upper industrial personal computer, an IC card interface circuit, an automatic detection system, an interface circuit, an IC card reader and a printer; the invention also discloses a working method comprising the following steps: (1) detecting the number of empty parking and the positions thereof; (2) detecting the length, width, height and weight of a loaded parked car; (3) when in picking up, detecting whether the car is taken away or not; and (4) detecting whether a parking board is in place or not. The invention has the advantages that: 1. intelligent control on in-and-out cars is realized; 2. the realization of expanding parking positions is relatively simple and convenient; and 3. the control effect is good, and the production cost and the running expense are low.


Morphological characterization facilitates the seed production agencies to identify the varieties on phenotypic basis by their distinguished characters. The presence of sufficient variability for various agro-morphological traits, as well as the improvement of these traithrough selection and introduction of new alleles, lines, and accessions into breeding activity from both exotic and indigenous collections, aids in the identification of potential donors. In the present study, 100 genotypes including 96 RIL (recombinant inbred lines), two parental and two national checks were planted at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. Fourteen phenological trait viz. growth type, growth habit, flower colour, leaf size of lateral leaflet, leaf shape of lateral leaflet, leaf intensity of green colour, pod hairiness, pod: colour of hair, seed size, seed shape, seed coat colour of testa, seed coat lustre, hilum colour and hilum funicle were observed at different growth stages of plants. Among these traits, Semi- determinant growth type (97%), Semi erect growth habit (98%), white flower colour (99%), Pod colour of hair (100%) and hilum funicle same as testa (97%) were most dominating. Whereas Seed coat colour of testa [yellow (74%), yellow-green (24%) and Green (2 %)], Hilum colour [black (48%) and brown (43%) and imperfect black (9%)] and Seed shape [spherical (48%), spherical flattened (33%), flattened (16%) and elongated (3%)] were varied among genotypes.


Magnolia dixonii (Little 1969: 457) Govaerts in Frodin & Govaerts (1996: 70) has been rediscovered by botanists and conservationists in November, 2017, at the Tesoro Escondido Reserve, a private reserve conserving 2000 ha of primary rainforest in the highly threatened Ecuadorian Chocó, protecting critically endangered species such as the Ecuadorian brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps). Magnolia dixonii had not been seen in the half a century since its discovery at Hoja Blanca-Gualpi, Esmeraldas Province, northwestern Ecuador.


The discovery of minute (0.2–2.0 μm) algal picoplankton in the late 1970's in both marine and freshwater ecosystems has led to a resurgence of research activity throughout the world, addressing questions related to taxonomy, distribution and abundance, physiology and biochemistry, and ecological considerations of their role in aquatic food webs. To many, their discovery provided the "missing link" in the controversial carbon supply–demand question in the world's oceans and gave further credibility to the emerging new paradigm on the importance of microbial food webs in energy transfer and nutrient recycling in aquatic systems. In this essay we provide the first comprehensive multidisciplinary review of phototrophic picoplankton in lake and ocean ecosystems, discussing what is currently known about their occurrence, taxonomy, physiology, and biochemistry and their role in primary production and aquatic food webs.


This paper is proposed for an explicit synthetic speech on LPC speech synthesis by discovering a novel parameter for speech enhancement. We present the NSSA(Natural Synthetic Speech Approach) to converge the same input utterances by different speakers to a new common parameter. The analysis of phonemes is beingused in order to make a much more natural and clear synthesize with minimum noise. In this paper, we enhanced the real time speech synthesis with a novel approachfor advance noise reduction and high fidelity of the synthesizer system. According to this approach, many conventional applications such as text-to-speech synthesiscan be used more efficiently. Therefore we implement the Linear Predictive Coding with Levinson-Durbin algorithm for synthesizer via TMS320C6713 DSK with RTDXmodule for testing and optimizing the results to create the best enjoyable synthetic voice.


Digital image processing methods represent a viable and well acknowledged alternative to strain gauges and interferometric techniques for determining full-field displacements and strains in materials under stress. This paper presents an image adaptive technique for dense motion and strain estimation using high-resolution speckle images that show the analyzed material in its original and deformed states. The algorithm starts by dividing the speckle image showing the original state into irregular cells taking into consideration both spatial and gradient image information present. Subsequently the Newton-Raphson digital image correlation technique is applied to calculate the corresponding motion for each cell. Adaptive spatial regularization in the form of the Geman- McClure robust spatial estimator is employed to increase the spatial consistency of the motion components of a cell with respect to the components of neighbouring cells. To obtain the final strain information, local least-squares fitting using a linear displacement model is performed on the horizontal and vertical displacement fields. To evaluate the presented image partitioning and strain estimation techniques two numerical and two real experiments are employed. The numerical experiments simulate the deformation of a specimen with constant strain across the surface as well as small rigid-body rotations present while real experiments consist specimens that undergo uniaxial stress. The results indicate very good accuracy of the recovered strains as well as better rotation insensitivity compared to classical techniques.


ABSTRACT THE equations of motion for an evaporating spray droplet approaching a three-dimensional object are developed. The equations are programmed for solution on a digital computer. The results indi-cate that the three-dimensional model over-predicts when compared to data taken from a two-dimensional target. This over-prediction is attributed to the large cell sizes and resulting large velocity gradients used with the model.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cooked sensation imparting agent and the like that can easily impart a cooked sensation to seasoning and food. The present invention pertains to a cooked sensation imparting agent containing (A) benzyl acetate as an active ingredient.


A Bayesian inference process for system logistical planning is presented which provides a method for incorporating actual failures with prediction data for an ongoing and improving reliability estimates. The process uses the Weibull distribution, and provides a means for examining and updating logistical and maintenance support needs.


The concept of functionality oriented programming is proposed, and some of its aspects are discussed, such as: (1) implementation independent basic types and generic collection types; (2) syntax requirements and recommendations for implementation independence; (3) unified documentation and code; (4) cross-module interface; and (5) cross-language program making scheme. A prototype example is given to demonstrate functionality oriented programming.


Irrigated‐Tip Ablation in Infarcted Myocardium. Introduction: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in healed infarction is modestly successful. More extensive, anatomically based procedures and irrigated RF delivery may improve outcome. However, limited data exist regarding the characteristics of irrigated RF lesions in infarcted myocardium. This study addresses this shortcoming.


Fluorescent graphene-like carbon nitrides (FL GCNs) are emerging as a new kind of graphene-like two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials in bioimaging, sensing, drug delivery, cancer therapy, photocatalysis, solar energy and optoelectronic devices, owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties, high specific surface areas, good biocompatibility and low toxicity. In this review, we firstly introduced the synthetic methods for FL GCNs such as the "top-down" and "bottom-up" strategies, followed by systematically addressing the unique properties of FL GCNs. Then, the current applications of FL GCNs were discussed in detail, and finally an outlook on their possible and potential developments was roughly described.


TSV interposer has emerged as a good solution to provide high wiring density interconnections and improved electrical performance due to shorter interconnection from the die to substrate. Furthermore, silicon interposer minimizes CTE mismatch between the chip and copper filled TSV interposer resulting in high reliability micro bumps. TSV interposer has emerged as a good solution to provide high wiring density interconnections and improved electrical performance due to shorter interconnection from the die to substrate. Furthermore, silicon interposer minimizes CTE mismatch between the chip and copper filled TSV interposer resulting in high reliability micro bumps. This paper presents the development of an extreme TSV interposer technology for three 23 × 14mm die slices that are mounted on a 25 × 45mm silicon interposer with Cu through silicon via. Interposer stitching is achieved either by real lithography stitching of 2 die slices or assembly of 2 adjacent dies (either identical or 2 different photo shots without stitching) together with connections through top dies. The low-k chip is a 20nm chip with total of 375,000 micro-bumps. The silicon interposer is 100um thick, and is mounted on a 55 × 55mm substrate through 30,000 C4 bumps. The substrate has 2892 BGA balls. 3D thermal-mechanical modeling and simulation for the FPGA package with TSV interposer have been performed. The FPGA samples have been subjected to thermal cycling and HTS tests. Effects of TSV interposer on the stress of the die, low-k layers and fatigue life of micro bumps and C4 bumps have been investigated and measured. Several DOEs have been performed to optimize design and material selection in order to have a reliable 20nm FPGA silicon interposer package that has acceptable warpage/coplanarity, and passes 1000TCB and HTS 1000hrs without any failure or void being seen in low-k, micro bumps and C4 bumps. Furthermore, challenges in manufacturing, handling and reliability of this highly rectangular interposer are detailed. Finally, board level test data is presented to show reliability of BGA balls for this 55 × 55mm package.


The speech signal enhancement is for obtain clean speech signal from noisy signal environment. For multimodal optimization we better to use natural-inspired algorithms. In this paper we use Firefly algorithmWe compare the firefly algorithm with particle swarm optimization technique (PSO). The proposed algorithm contains three important module techniques. Those are preprocessing module, optimization module and spectral filtering module. The signals are taken from Loizou's database for evaluating proposed technique. In this paper we calculate the perceptional evolution of speech quality (PESQ) and signal to noise (SNR) of the optimized signalsignal. The results of firefly algorithm and PSO are to be compare then we observe that the proposed technique is better than the existing technique.


- The Black Book of Communism (1997) has served as evidence that communism was a criminal ideology as "evil" as Nazism. To understand the book's remarkable impact throughout Europe, the article situates its production and circulation in a transnational history of anti-communism. We focus on the previously neglected yet constitutive period in-between the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the enlargement of the European Union. On the basis of a biographical approach centred on the actors engaged in the production and promotion of the volume in five countries (France, Poland, Romania, Hungary and the Czech Republic), we argue that the book was a turning point in the emergence of a consensual historical narrative across the former East-West divide as it enabled the formation of a revamped pan-European anti-communist movement. RÉSUMÉ -


For fault diagnosis in large complex systems,a on-line fault diagnose method is proposed to solve the problem of high computational complexity.First,modeled a Petri net model.Secondly,proposed the strict minimal place-invariant and the set of characteristic place-invariant,so that might describe the structure information of Petri net model.Finally,based on the set of characteristic place-invariants,the failure function for any current marking is proposed.And then,utilized this failure function to diagnose and locate the faults.The result shows that this fault diagnosis method with the structure information dose not need traverse all states space of system.Furthermore,this method is with the computational complexity of polynomial,which makes this method meet the real time requirements.


In a fading communication channel, it is often beneficial to feedback Channel State Information (CSI) and Receiver State Information (RSI) to the transmitter. The CSI generally refers to information about the channel condition available at the receiver, while the RSI in this work is defined as information about the receive's estimate of the message. The RSI can be used to improve reliability, e.g., through retransmission. This paper considers multi-carrier transmission through a doubly-selective Rayleigh fading channel, and studies the trade-off between the feedback of CSI and RSI under total feedback constraint. In particular, the CSI feedback specifies which groups of subchannels to activate with equal power, and the RSI feedback determines retransmissions of a codeword. The problem is how to allocate feedback bits between CSI and RSI in order to maximize the error probability exponent. It is found that the optimal trade-off exhibits phase transitions which depends critically on the coherence time and the total amount of feedback. Specifically, the first feedback bits should be CSI up to a critical amount. Additional feedback bits, if available, should be allocated to RSI first, and then to both CSI and RSI. For the model considered, as the amount of feedback exceeds a certain threshold, additional RSI feedback is not beneficial unless CSI feedback increases accordingly.


Control of diamond film geometry, such as thinning, patterning, shaping, and polishing processes, is essential for nearly all diamond film applications. Because of their extreme mechanical hardness, such processes are often costly and time consuming. In this paper, new efficient processing techniques for thinning and polishing of CVD diamond films using chemical reactions with molten rare earth metals will be described.


This paper presents a self-adaptive threshold based round-robin scheduling algorithm SATRR for input-queued switches. In SATRR, the matched input and output in certain cell time will be locked by two self-adaptive thresholds, whenever the queue length or the wait-time of the head cell in corresponding virtual output queue (VOQ) exceeds the thresholds. For a pair of locked input and output, they will be matched directly during succeeding cell times until unlocked. Particularly, by simultaneously employing the queue length threshold and the wait-time threshold which are updated every cell time, SATRR archives a good tradeoff between performance and hardware complexity. Simulation results indicate that the delay performance of SATRR is competitive when compared to other typical scheduling algorithms under various traffic patterns


Abstract Objective To study the lipid peroxidation and
the activity of antioxidation enzyme in the skeletal muscle in hind legs of rabbits injured by
firearm and seawater immersion in order to improve the early therapeutic effect Methods The
rabbitshind legs were injured by steel ball bullets shot with smoothbore gun and assigned
randomly into two groups, the seawater immersion (SIG) and simple wounded group(SWG) The
rabbitsin SIG were soaked in artificial seawater for 30 minutes and the wounded hind legs in
SWG were left as such The skeletal muscle samples after wounding were procured at 05 cm, 15
cm and 25 cm sites away from the wound tracks edge of both groups and malondialdehyde
(MDA), which is the product of lipid peroxidation, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were assayed The skeletal muscle sample before wounding was
taken and assayed the above parameters as control Results MDA content in skeletal muscle in
SIG after wounding was significantly increased as compared with that before wounding and the
range of increase was negatively proportional to the distance from the tracks edgeThe increase
of MDA appeared markedly at 3 hours, slightly decreased at 12 hours and again increased at 24
hours after woundingThe changing character of MDA in SWG was similar with that in SIG, but
the peak value was lower than that in SIG The changing trend of SOD activity and ATP content in
both groups was negative with that of MDA Conclusion As firearm wound of the extremity is
combined with seawater immersion, the disturbance of the energy metabolism in the skeletal
muscle surrouding the wound track may be more severe and it may induce the increase of free
oxygen and aggravate the lipid peroxidation resulting in an exacerbation of secondary injury
Wounds,gunshotSeawaterLipid peroxides Superoxide dismutase


Compact Houses shows how to make the most of less space, with a focus on maximizing storage space, planning for multi-use areas, and using every element of the house to its fullest (including decks, porches, bathrooms, attics, and basements). Its 50 creative floor plans show suggested room layouts, the artist renderings bring exteriors to life, and detailed drawings illustrate special space-saving interior features. The book includes both one- and two-floor designs and plans with one to three bedrooms.


In this study, we assess the main determinants of banks' profitability in Portugal over the period 2015–2018. We divide the factors that can influence bank profitability into several groups: management quality, credit quality, capital adequacy, liquidity (internal bank factors), and GDP growth (an external factor). The panel dataset is composed of annual report data for the 18 major banks operating in Portugal, representing about 98% of the Portuguese banking product. Profitability has been a persistent challenge for banks since the global financial crisis. Moreover, the Portuguese banking system had been facing several structural problems, which makes this topic particularly relevant. The profitability proxy used is the return on equity (ROE). The empirical strategy followed was pooled OLS. Variables relevant for explaining Portuguese banks' profitability are capital adequacy, liquidity and credit risk. As expected, the results show that capital adequacy (TIER 1) and credit quality (CVCT) have a negative and significant impact on banks' profitability, whereas liquidity (RAL) has a positive impact.


In many real-world optimization problems, the objective function may come from a simulation evaluation so that it is (a) subject to various levels of noise, (b) not differentiable, and (c) computationally hard to evaluate. In this paper, we modify Powell's UOBYQA algorithm to handle those real-world simulation problems. Our modifications apply Bayesian techniques to guide appropriate sampling strategies to estimate the objective function. We aim to make the underlying UOBYQA algorithm proceed efficiently while simultaneously controlling the amount of computational effort


The field test has continued with PFSA composite membranes. The substrates have been a microporous polypropylene supplied by 3M Co. The membranes have been imbibed with either aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) or n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). Data from five composite membranes have thusfar been obtained and are presented in the following Figure 6. The composite 1 membrane gave erratic performance before it mechanically failed, but most of the observed separation factors were high enough (>35) to be consistent with the initial results from the gel-NE 111 membrane. The separation factor for the other four composites have been consistently low (between 13 and 3). The main difference is that between composite l and the rest we installed an inertial separator to remove excess moisture from the feed stream. This separator may be too efficient and the membranes may be drying out. Another possibility is that the membranes may just not be made well enough and sufficient uncoated pores may exist to subvert the separation efficiency. We tested a membrane which had been removed from the field test rig in our laboratory permeation equipment. Those results are presented in Figures 7 and 8. Again good agreement between the field test and our lab more » experiments. « less


The present study examined the influence of the status of the researcher and the status of the university on the evaluation of research articles. Twenty-seven graduate students in clinical psychology, each of whom had had at least two graduate courses in statistics and experimental design, were asked to evaluate a fictitious research article (Commoner, 1972) dealing with the efficacy of aversion therapy vs an analytic approach to weight reduction. The research article included only the introduction, the methodology, and the raw data which were marginally significant (p = .lo), favoring aversion therapy. Nine subjects evaluated the article, purportedly written by a H~gh status researcher from a High status university (Leonard Krasner,' State University of New Yotk). Nine other subjects rated the article, purportedly written by a Low stams researcher from a High scatus university (M. Lynch, State University of New York); the remaining nine subjects rated the article, purportedly written by a Low status researcher from a Low status school (M. Lynch, Rockford College). The items on which the article was rated were five Likert-type scales (Commoner, 1972) dealing with the adequaq of methodology, recommendations concerning publication, confidence in evaluating the article, and eight evaluative scales of the semantic differential (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957). After evaluating the article, the subjects rank-ordered 17 psychologists and three fictitious names, including Krasner and Lynch respectively, according to their contributions to psychological research and practice. The six dependent measures were analyzed in separate one-way analyses of variance. The three groups differed significantly on only one scale assessing statistical significance of the article (F = 4.61, df = 2/24, p = .02), which may have been simply the most difficult item the subjects were asked to judge. Also the interpretation of the P ratio is virtually impossible because the Low-Low condition was rated more positively than the High-High condition which was rated more positively than the Low-High condition. When the 17 psychologists and 3 fictitious names were rank-ordered, with one being equal to the greatest contribution, the mean number attributed to Krasner was 4 (SD = 3.71) and to Lynch was 14 (SD = 5.431, indicating that the subjects at least recognized Krasnet's name. A question often arises concerning whether the statuses of given researchers affect how their scientific articles are reviewed. Specifically do the statuses of the researchers and their universities influence how their articles are evaluated? In the present study in which graduate students were reviewers, the find~ngs suggest that these students did not differentially rate the articles as a function of the starus of the researcher and university.


Nanolayered TiN/CrN multilayers were deposited on silicon substrates using a reactive DC magnetron sputtering process. The structural and mechanical properties of the coatings were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation respectively. Effects of nitrogen flow rate (N2), substrate bias (VB), substrate temperature (TS) and modulation wavelength () on the structure and the hardness of the coatings were studied. A nitrogen flow rate of 2.0 sccm, a substrate bias of -150 V and a substrate temperature of 400°C resulted in TiN/CrN coatings with {111} texture. Further, under these deposition conditions the coatings displayed superlattice structure for 40 A    130 A, and at  = 80 A the coatings exhibited a maximum hardness of 3800 kg/mm2.

Keywords: TiN/CrN multilayers; Reactive magnetron sputtering; X-ray diffraction; Nanoindentation


'Low bed-pressure-drop' is the core theory of the second-generation energy-saving CFB boiler.A static mathematical model is established by taking a 75t/h CFB boiler as its object.Based on 'Three zones core-annular structure',the core area is divided into oxygen-poor region and oxygen-rich region according to the secondary air penetration depth in this model.Under a given particle size distribution in bed,the solid suspension density of each zone in furnace is a function of both bed pressure drop and fluidized velocity,and this function is obtained by fitting experimental data.Through numerical calculation,the influence of bed pressure drop on the volume of oxygen-poor region,furnace temperature,combustion fraction distribution and combustion efficiency is analyzed.The results agree well with the actual data,it can provide some theoretical support for the performance prediction of low bed pressure drop CFB boiler.


This document presents the design, implementation and comparison of algorithms to control the liquid level in a non-linear system of two coupled tanks. First, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller was designed; then, a Model-based Predictive Controller (MPC) using the Non-linear Extended Prediction Self-Adaptive Control (NEPSAC) algorithm was designed. The performance of the controllers was evaluated in two scenarios: Setpoint Tracking and Disturbance Rejection. It is concluded that the NEPSAC algorithm presents better performance with respect to the PI, since the PI works correctly in regions very close to the setpoint while the NEPSAC, not requiring linearization of the system, has a performance that does not depend on the setpoint, presenting excellent characteristics at any reference point. To validate the results obtained, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used, which resulted in better values for the NEPSAC than for the PI.


The effect of solvent on the outer-sphere redox reactions between cobalt(III)-amine complexes and hexacyanoferrate(II) studied in aqueous methanol/1,4-dioxane is discussed quantitatively in terms of various solvent–solvent–solute interactions.


Twitter is one of the most well known social media in this era. Each day, many of this tweets are tweeted by people. In this experiments, Indonesian tweet will be extracted as set of features and will be categorized using machine learning. This experiment will conduct research to get the best configuration to categorize Indonesian tweet. To get the best configuration, this experiment will use lexical and distribution semantic model as feature extraction method. These two methods will later be compared to get the best one for Indonesian tweet representation. In addition to feature extraction methods, to get the model with the best accuracy, this experiment will also compare: SVM, ANN, and DNN. The best accuracy obtained by using ANN with word2vec CBOW at 82.94% for testing using 10-fold cross-validation and obtain 77.98% accuracy with data testing using deep neural network algorithm.


Chromosomes in prometaphases and typical metaphases obtained from root meristems of samples of Crotalaria incana, collected in the Mexican municipalities of Tamasopo (San Luis Potosi) and Martinez de la Torre (Veracruz) were analyzed, paying special attention to the possible cytotypic variation due to differences in number and nature of the chromosomes with secondary constrictions and satellites. The chromosomal number 2n=14 (in both populations), the great uniformity in the total haploid chromosomal length, the karyotypic formula (8 m+6 sm), the chromosomal length interval, and a slight difference in the asymmetry index were corroborated with the use of the "air drying method" (splash). It was observed that the 14 chromosomes, particularly in prometaphase, exhibit uncoiled terminal regions which could be confused with secondary constrictions. These findings are compared to previous records on the fine chromosome morphology of C. incana and other species of the genus. The existence of proposed cytotypes for the species is discarded, and their evolution as a function of gene changes or genic complexes is discussed.