Citrine is a transparent gemstone, yellow microcrystalline quartz variety. Natural citrine is very rare and will actually lose its color upon heating to more than 200°C, and the yellow color will occur again when the crystal is irradiated with X- or gamma-rays, indicating that attenuation parameters is important to enhancements by irradiation. In this work, the mass attenuation coefficients of citrine were measured at the different energy of gamma-rays using the Compton scattering technique. The results show that, the experimental values of mass attenuation coefficient are in good agreement with the theoretical values. The mass attenuation coefficients increased with the decreasing of the gamma ray energies. This may be attributed to the higher photon interaction probability of citrine at lower energy. This result is a first report of mass attenuation coefficient of citrine at different gamma ray energies.


Li0.5M0.25TiOAsO4 (M=Mg,Co,Ni,Zn) oxyarsenates powders were prepared by coprecipitation method from dilute solution of Li2CO3,M(NO3)2×H2O (M=Mg,Co,Ni,Zn), (NH4)H2AsO4 and TiCl4 in ethanol. The resulting powders, obtained after drying at about 60 °C, were heated progressively with intermittent grindings at 200 °C–750 °C in air. These new compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system with space group P21∕c. Their parameters are functions of M2+ ion size.


Kenneth Burke's dramatic pentad was used to analyze Edward Snowden's National Security Agency (NSA) document leaks from June 5, 2013 through October 1, 2013 as published in the New York Times (NYT) and the Guardian. The articles were coded by newspaper, headline, reporting journalist, page prominence, word count, publication date, and tone of stories. Content analysis revealed that there was significant difference in coverage of Snowden: the Guardian utilized the word "swhistleblower"s extensively in a positive way while negative words like "leaker" drove NYT coverage of Snowden. Both papers overlap in the identification of Snowden's actions as one of the most significant intelligence disclosures since the Pentagon Papers.


Shell inlet, and a container comprising an outlet, a container shell interior space between the inlet and the outlet to form an internal volume, meet at least a portion of the internal volume, thereby fill volume a plurality of filler structures forming, filling volume has a void fraction, filler structure comprises a plurality of filler structures that provide total surface area, the container, the container inlet and container outlet It has a pressure loss between the pressure loss is less than 1.0 times the packed bed of non-twisted shape having the same cross-sectional area, the packed bed.


Clostridioides difficile has emerged as a noteworthy pathogen in patients with 27 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Concurrent IBD and CDI is associated with increased 28 morbidity and mortality compared to CDI alone. IBD is associated with alterations of the gut 29 microbiota, an important mediator of colonization resistance to C. difficile . Here, we describe and 30 utilize a mouse model to explore the role of intestinal inflammation in susceptibility to C. difficile 31 colonization and subsequent disease severity in animals with underlying IBD. Helicobacter 32 hepaticus , a normal member of the mouse gut microbiota, was used to trigger inflammation in the 33 distal intestine akin to human IBD in mice that lack intact IL-10 signaling. Development of IBD 34 resulted in a distinct intestinal microbiota community compared to non-IBD controls. We 35 demonstrate that in this murine model, IBD was sufficient to render mice susceptible to C. difficile 36 colonization. Mice with IBD were persistently colonized by C. difficile , while genetically identical 37 non-IBD controls were resistant to C. difficile colonization. Concomitant IBD and CDI was 38 associated with significantly worse disease than unaccompanied IBD. IL-10-deficient mice 39 maintained gut microbial diversity and colonization resistance to C. difficile in experiments utilizing 40 an isogenic mutant of H. hepaticus that does not trigger intestinal inflammation. These studies in 41 mice demonstrate that the IBD-induced microbiota is sufficient for C. difficile colonization and that 42 this mouse model requires intestinal inflammation for inducing susceptibility to CDI in the absence 43 of other perturbations, such as antibiotic treatment . comorbidity. in C. controls. antibiotic cefoperazone microbiota demonstrate that C. burden in IL-10-deficient wild-type IBD stable C. difficile colonization, IBD difficile rate C. intestinal


1 Kryptopyrrôle (2, 4‐dimethyl, 3‐ethylpyrrôle) inhibited conduction in rat sciatic nerve by a local anaesthetic action. 2 Tone and both spontaneous and electrically‐induced contractions of guinea‐pig ileum were also inhibited by kryptopyrrôle. The concentration of kryptopyrrôle required for 50% inhibition of a maximum twitch tension (ID50) was 0.085 him. 3 Oxidation products of kryptopyrrôle with chromatographic properties similar to those of urinary constituents reported in schizophrenia and hepatic porphyrias had little or no effect at similar concentrations. 4 Dose‐response curves to exogenous acetylcholine in guinea‐pig ileum were shifted to the right by kryptopyrrôle, with loss of parallelism and reduction in the maximum contraction. 5 Acetylcholine overflow from ileal segments at rest and during electrical stimulation was reduced by kryptopyrrôle. 6 These results on ileal segments are consistent with kryptopyrrôle having both a post‐junctional site of action, presumably directly on the muscle, and a pre‐junctional site reducing the output of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus. 7 The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to a possible clinical pathological rôle for these compounds.


British populations of Senecio vulgaris frequently contain two common capitulum morphs (radiate and non‐radiate) and one rare intermediate morph. The radiate morph shows a higher maternal rate of intermorph outcrossing than the non‐radiate morph and due to the 'cost of outcrossing' should decline in frequency, ultimately to be lost from a population. To determine whether the radiate morph exhibits some inherent advantage in fitness to offset the 'cost of outcrossing', a comparison was made of the survivorship and fecundity of the radiate and non‐radiate morphs raised in pure stands and 1 : 1 mixture at three planting dates (autumn 1983, and spring and autumn 1984). Plants in stands established in spring 1984 were harvested in late August 1984, while plants in stands established in autumn overwintered before being harvested the following summer. In spring planted stands, the two morphs exhibited equivalent survivorships, while the fecundity of the non‐radiate morph tended to be greater than the radiate morph. In autumn planted stands, survivorship and Net Reproductive Output (survivorship × fecundity) of the non‐radiate morph was greater than that of the radiate morph in mixture, and also in pure stands established in 1983. In no instance was the Net Reproductive Output of either morph significantly greater in mixture than in pure stand. Density had a contrasting effect on morph survivorship and fecundity in the spring and autumn 1984 planted stands. Whereas, in spring stands, fecundity was subject to compensating density dependent regulation while survivorship was density independent, the opposite trend was observed in autumn planted stands. It is concluded that under the conditions of the experiments, the radiate morph exhibited no fitness advantage which might offset the inherent disadvantage it suffers in natural polymorphic populations due to the 'cost of outcrossing'.


Postoperative cardiac outcomes after intracardiac repair (ICR) are determined by numerous factors whereas right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is considered essential for them, as only few studies attempted to evaluate it postsurgically. RV's function is supposed to be the strong prognostic factor for patients diagnosed with congenital heart defects; therefore, assessing it is the main objective of the study.


A series of high-velocity impact tests on impactors and targets of varying acoustic impedance, including Al − Ti, Ti steel and Ti −Ti combinations, reveals a β ↔ ω phase transition in the α + β Ti alloys under shock loading. The presence of the ω-phase is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of Ti 4.5Al 3Mo 1V alloy specimens loaded with an impactor at different impact velocities. The experiments show that at an impact velocity greater than ~ 500 m/s, spall fracture occurs earlier than the ω → x reverse phase transition (where х is the α-phase, or the β-phase, or their mixture) takes place at the release front of the compression pulse. Hence, spall develops in a material containing a ω-phase whose dynamic strength is far much smaller than that of the β-phase. For spall occurring after the ω → x reverse transition, the spall strength of the alloy increases by 25 %.


A continuum approach to an elastic medium containing cracks is developed. A crack density tensor describing the averaged geometry of a crack array is introduced and used to study the anisotropy of an effective elastic response due to the presence of cracks. The resulting continuum model turns out to be orthotropic, which is in good agreement with the results given by the small concentration approach and the self-consistent method. Anisotropy of the transport properties (fluid permeability, electric- and heat conductivity) is also considered.


Our philosophy, as a manager and former manager of playwork settings, is that the most important resource in the setting is the people involved within it. James has managed a playwork setting for four years and Angela has managed a range of play settings during her twenty year career. At the beginning of our careers, we both believed that acquiring experience and knowledge of children and associated theory was the key to effective training and development. However as our careers developed, our opinions changed. Goleman's (1996) work on Emotional Intelligence has had a significant impact on how James leads and supports his playwork team, and in this article we reflect on how an appreciation of emotional intelligence may produce more effective playwork practitioners


The proposed route of Helicobacter pylori transmission appears to be fecal‐oral, oral‐oral and gastro‐oral, yet, a number of studies challenged these hypotheses in 2003. The use of the stool antigen test and[13]‐C urea breath testing were the tests of choice for diagnosis and 'test for cure' of H. pylori in Europe in 2003 but have not yet become accepted standard of care in North America. Pediatric H. pylori consensus guidelines are not yet revised; upper endoscopy and biopsy remain the gold standard for diagnosis of pediatric H. pylori infection. In addition to stronger evidence supporting the role of host influences of H. pylori‐associated gastric cancer risk, compelling evidence was provided for the role of H. pylori in iron deficiency anemia of childhood. Antibiotic resistance remains a problem in conferring treatment failure and 2003 studies indicate that macrolide resistance is higher in children than in adults. Treatment with proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy for 10–14 days remains the mainstay for eradication of H. pylori in childhood. Finally, multinational studies are needed to develop screening guidelines for childhood infection to avoid long‐term severe gastroduodenal disease sequelae.


A simple, fast and accurate method for making multicomponent analyses of fish meat using mid-infrared (IR) absorption technique is presented. Basically, the method involves dissolving fish meat in an alkaline detergent with a blender, forming a suspension that can be analysed with commercial milk infrared analysers. Various types and concentrations of detergents and two blending times were evaluated.

The relative repeatabilities, expressed as the residual standard deviation in relation to the corresponding means, of the method were less than 0-5%, and relative accuracies were less than 2% for fat and total solids and less than 1% for protein. Possible ways to improve the method further are discussed.


Compliance management is an effective method to reduce compliance risks of organizations by requiring the organizations to meet the applicable laws and regulations, industry standards, organization standards, group standards, contract, effective governance principles and ethics. The enterprise compliance management can improve the chances of commercial success of the enterprise. This paper discovered the existing issues in the compliance management in China and proposed the countermeasures to deal with these problems, which is based on the survey of existing situation of Chinese enterprise compliance management.


As Yan Yuan's disciple,Li Gong inherits Yan's thoughts,but to some extent,differences still exist.Major differences embody in epistemology,academic methodology,social political ideal,and other aspects as well.It is just the differences that help Yan's thoughts achieve transcendence and development.Li Gong has brought it to a great height,making it become the "Yan-Li Thought",which has profound influence on the later generations.


Review of:Weisberg, Michael (2012) Simulation and Similarity: Using Models to Understand the World (Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science). Oxford University Press: Oxford


In the present study novel derivatives of 2-substituted benzimidazoles were prepared via Mannich reaction and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger).The synthesized compounds were also screened for antioxidant activity.The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical techniques.The results revealed that all the synthesized compounds have a significant antioxidant and biological activity against the tested microorganisms.


We systematically investigate electron transport through double quantum dots with particular emphasis on interference induced via multiple paths of electron propagation. By means of the slave-boson mean-field approximation, we calculate the conductance, the local density of states, and the transmission probability in the Kondo regime at zero temperature. It is clarified how the Kondo-assisted transport changes its properties when the system is continuously changed among the serial, parallel and T-shaped double dots. The obtained results for the conductance are explained in terms of the Kondo resonances influenced by interference effects. We also discuss the impacts due to the spin-polarization of ferromagnetic leads.


The collection described in this paper was made in 1960 by Mr.H.Y.Liu from Malong district of eastern Yunnan. phyllum CYANOPHYTA Order chroococcales Family Palaeomicrocystidaceae Vologdin,1958 Genus Palaeomicrocystis Korde,1955 Palaeomicroeystis malongensis Chen et Cao,sp.nov. The stromatolites built by the algae are stubby cylindrical in shape,consisting of more or less symmetricalarched"elementary laminae", with a breadth about 4—6 cm, height less than 6—7 cm.The boundary between"elementary laminae"is indistinctive. The "elementary laminae"are composed of many algal colonies in form and semitrans- parent petrified mucus. These colonies are small dark spots which vary from spheroid to ellipsoid with 0.2— 0.5 mm in diameter.In thin section,the centre part is mostly of colloid,with 1—2 rings at the border part. This species resembles Palaeomicrocystic cabrica Korde,but differs from the latter in having border rings of the colony. Horizon and Locality:Malong district,eastern Yunnan;Dengying formation,Upper Sinian. Holotype:Cat.No.IGAS-00577.


Recently, it has been observed that simple geometry characterized by a low level of symmetry present interesting peculiarities in the process of transition from laminar Poiseuille flow to turbulent flow. Examples of this type of geometry are eccentric channels and, more generally, parallel channels containing a narrow gap. In the present work, a global linear stability analysis for the flow in this class of geometry has been performed. The problem is discretized through spectral collocation and the eigenvalue problem has been solved with the Arnoldi-method based algorithms and the QZ algorithm. Since no numerical studies of this type have yet been performed to address the issue of transition in this geometry, the codes have been validated toward results obtained in simplified geometries (e.g., concentric annular channel and square channel). The eigenvalue spectra of the Poiseuille flow in eccentric channels and a U-shaped channel have then been computed and analyzed for a wide range of geometric parameter...


The compaction characteristics of some local materials were determined and a moisture density relationship was obtained to ascertain their strengths and suitability for canal lining. These materials were: (i) Concrete (GC): which comprised of Cement, Sand and Granite of average sizes of between 9.0 mm and 14 mm, in a ratio of 1:2:4. (ii) Termite Mound (TM) (iii) Clay Cement (CLC) (iv) Cementitious Clay (CCL), and (v) Clay Soil (CLS). The compaction characteristics were determined using the standard compaction mound by subjecting the samples to 5, 15 and 25 blows. Results showed that Concrete sample had the maximum dry densities of 1.55gcm -3 , 1.57 gcm -3 and 1.58 gcm -3 at 5, 10 and 25 blows, at the lowest levels of moistures of 6.7%, 6.5 % and 7.0%, respectively. This was followed by Termite Mound sample with maximum dry densities of 1.45 gcm -3 , 1.51 gcm -3 , and 1.63 gcm -3 at moisture levels of 10.4%, 10.1 % and 9.0%, respectively. Clay soil sample has Maximum dry densities of 1.5 gcm -3 , 1.57 gcm -3 and 1.56 gcm -3 at moistures of 11.6 %, 11.1 % and 10.1 %, respectively. Though concrete, which is conventionally used for canal lining, performed better in terms compaction, the compaction characteristics of the local materials were close to concrete. It was therefore concluded that these materials if well compacted could perform excellently well by reducing seepage along the channel bed.


This article is devoted to contemporary methods of risk management under the conditions of crisis on financial markets. The article deals with developing the new approaches to studying finance and financial markets. It outlays new methods to compare fundamental events and their technical interpretation shown on quotation charts. It also introduces recommendations as to improve the risk management's efficiency of financial markets' participants.


The explicit form of the weakly‐relativistic Vlasov and the Fokker‐Planck collision operators for a multispecies plasma are evaluated by using a systematic expansion in β_=v_/c and retaining corrections up to the second order. Properties of these operators are investigated.


Judiciary is one of the three arms of government in Nigeria vested with the responsibility of interpreting and applying the law without fear or favour. The Nigerian judiciary system being a critical linchpin in combating corruption keeps Nigerians with bated breath during the incidents of awaiting the verdict of the courts. This paper examines the vicissitudes of corruption in Nigerian judiciary system during economic comatose and its implications. The paper explored Nigeria judiciary focused corruption literature and scholarly works to dissect the vicissitudes of judiciary corruption on economic development of Nigeria. The findings revealed that the prevalence of corruption is caused by manipulation of adjudication process by influential members of the society, insufficient salary and welfare package, politicization of appointment of judiciary personnel, inadequate ICT facilities, complex procedural rules and weak monitoring system. The study further revealed that the economic implications of judicial corruption are poverty, indebtedness, poor productivity, inability to control crime and threats to national security. From the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that judiciary system should be given autonomy to manage its funds for payment of salaries and provision of adequate information management system. The researchers further stressed the need for constitution of special committee comprising of government arms and bar association for the appointment and promotion of judiciary personnel as well as severe penalty for compromised judiciary personnel

https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJSSMR/VOL. 8 NO. 4 2022/Vicissitudes of Corruption.pdf


THIS ARTICLE REPRODUCES THE TEXT OF A REPORT PRESENT AT THE "JOURNEES TECHNIQUES DE LA ROUTE DE LA REGION PARISIENNE" (TECHNICAL MEETING ON THE ROADS OF THE PARIS REGION), WHICH WERE HELD ON THE 25-26 MAY 1972. LOCATED ON THE EAST - WEST AXIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AREA IN PARIS, THE SECTOR OF THE DEFENSE (AREA OF 800 HA) WAS SELECTED AS A SITE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN IMPORTANT BUSINESS CENTRE AND AS A MAIN CENTRE OF ATTRACTION IN THE WEST OF PARIS. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE PRESENT STATE OF THE WORK, AND OF THE ROAD, PARKING AND TRAFFIC PLANS.


We studied the water temperature requirements and desiccation tolerance of the shoots of seagrass Zostera japonica to determine the conditions for its growth and surviving in mesocosm tanks. All shoots were withered on the artificial shallows set at a depth of D. L. + 40 cm (datum line plus 40 cm) and D. L. + 20 cm until 4 and 9 weeks after transplanting of Z. japonica shoots, respectively. On the other hands, there were 18.5±1.7, 13.5±5.8 and 11.8±4.3 shoots of new lateral shoots at a depth of D. L. + 0 cm, D. L. -20 cm and D. L. -40 cm, respectively. At the depth of D. L. + 0 cm, only three shoots developed into reproductive shoots. The upper temperature was 28.6°C at a depth of D. L. + 0 cm. On the other hands, the upper temperature at a depth of D. L. + 40 cm and D. L. + 20 cm were 40.5°C and 34.2°C, respectively. We deduced that the emergence periods on the artificial shallows set of D. L. + 40 cm, D. L. + 20 cm and D. L. + 0 cm could be 17 hours, 9 hours and 2 hours from the temperature change in bottom sediments, respectively. Thus, the one of the factors affecting the critical upper distribution for Z. japonica were the high water temperature and desiccation of bottom sediments.


Satellite images for the years 1987, 1997, 2002 and 2017, and questionnaire surveys were used to assess energy sources and demands as well as the impacts of wood fuel use to forest cover changes in Meru and Mwanga Districts. The major energy sources identified in the study areas include cow dung cake, firewood, charcoal, biogas, and liquefied petroleum gas. The total energy demands from these sources were 1400, 6289, 724 and 21 kg per day, respectively. Analysis from Landsat images showed variations in forest cover. The areas covered with forests in Meru District were found to be 1510, 1723, 1612 and 1327 ha for 1987, 1997, 2002 and 2017, respectively. The changes observed in Mwanga District were 31705, 31988, 17939 and 30960 ha for 1987, 1997, 2002 and 2017, respectively. From the findings it was observed that, the ongoing use of wood fuel in semi-arid areas of Meru and Mwanga Districts could deplete forests completely. The study concludes that charcoal and firewood consumptions are real threats to the long-term persistence of forests in Tanzania and proposes the use of renewable energy such as biogas for alleviating forest losses.
Keywords: Biogas, energy sources, Satellite images


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to carry out an extensive numerical study in order to understand the flow structures and the resulting noise generated by a supersonic impinging jet on a flat plate. One of the parameters varied in this study is the distance between the jet exit plane and the flat plate.

Design/methodology/approach

Because of the unsteady nature of the problem a time-dependent computation is carried out using the detached eddy simulation turbulence model. The OVERFLOW 2 CFD code was used with a highly resolved grid and small time steps.

Findings

The authors found that as the separation distance increases, the dominant frequencies in the noise spectrum decrease. In addition, the relative strength of the various frequencies to each other changes with changing distance, indicating the changing modes of the jet. The CFD results indicate a strong interaction between the acoustic waves emanating from the impingement plate and the jet plume. This feedback mechanism is responsible for destabilizing the jet shear layer leading to the jet changing modes. The computed near field spectra, convection velocities of the jet vortical structures and mean jet centerline velocity profile are in good agreement with experimental measurements. The results also show very high sound pressure levels all over the impingement plate but especially near the impingement point. These levels, if sustained, are detrimental to both human operators as well as the surrounding structures.

Research limitations/implications

Given the large-scale nature of the computations carried out, it is very costly to run the computations long enough to collect a good, statistically steady time sample to achieve a low frequency bandwidth resolution. Such a long time sample could actually improve the results in terms of frequency resolution and obtained an even better agreement with experiments. Off course there is always the issue of grid resolution as well, but given the good agreement with experiments that the authors obtained, the authors are confident in their results.

Practical implications

The practical implications of the results the authors obtained are significant in that, the authors now know that hybrid RANS-large eddy simulation methods can be used for this complex, unsteady engineering problems. In addition, the results also show the high noise level both on the impingement surface and in the surroundings of the jet. This could have a negative impact on the structural integrity of the flat surface.

Social implications

Noisy environments are never desirable anywhere especially in places where human operations take place. Therefore, given the high noise levels obtained in the simulations and confirmed by experiments, any human presence around the jet will be harmful to hearing and precautions need to be taken.

Originality/value

This is a physics-based study; i.e. understanding the physical phenomena involved in supersonic jet impingement. Of particular interest is the interaction of the jet shear layer with the acoustic waves emanating from the impingement area. This feedback loop is found to be responsible for intensifying the instability of the jet shear layer.


Comprising a substrate, a three-dimensional structure pattern formed on the substrate, and a nanocarbon material formed on the substrate surface, the nanocarbon material is present in the side surface portion of at least the three-dimensional structure pattern nano carbon material composite substrate according to claim.


This article poses a number of questions around its subject matter, from which I develop some explanatory frameworks and further conceptualizations of Quietism. It addresses, primarily, the questions: What is Quietism? What were the issues of power and authority leading to the infamous Quietist Controversy in late seventeenth-century France? And subsequently, what is the nature of Quietism's connection to the Quaker theological tradition?


s Future integrated optical circuits will hold, on a single chip, several optical components that communicate via high index contrast waveguides. Silicon nitride (SixN,) and silicon oxynitride (Si,OyN,) waveguides with silicon oxide cladding can be used to guide light on a chip because they have small dimensions, low scattering loss, and can be fabricated with silicon-based technology. With more components on a chip, we need to develop novel technologies to seamlessly route the optical signal from one waveguide to multiple waveguides simultaneously, or from the optical fiber to a waveguide. This thesis presents the design and fabrication of two such devices. The first is a compact multimode interference coupler, also called multi-mode interferometer (MMI), which can equally distribute the optical power from one input waveguide to multiple output waveguides. The prototypes were fabricated for silicon-rich SixNy waveguides with 1 input and 4 or 8 output ports. The second device is a compact fiber-to-waveguide coupler, which can efficiently confine the light from an optical fiber to a sub-micron waveguide. The prototypes were fabricated for Si,O,N, waveguide of index 1.70. The advantages of these couplers are their very compact size, high efficiencies, and their fabrication process can be adapted by mainstream silicon-based manufacturing technology. In addition, their designs are very robust and can be applied for efficient coupling into any high index contrast dielectric waveguide. Thesis Supervisor: Lionel C. Kimerling Title: Thomas Lord Professor of Materials Science and Engineering


RESPECT THE INVENTION MEDICINE. DRUG PRODUCT SUBJECT TO THE INVENTION IS TYPE WITH AN ACTIVE AND SOLVENT PHARMACEUTICAL AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY CONTAINED AS PRINCIPLE OF aCETATE OF (1,1-dIMETHYL-3-OXOPYRAZOLIDINE-1-IO-4-YL) of the following formula: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) THE PRODUCT IN QUESTION MAY BE USED ESPECIALLY IN CASE OF HYPERTENSION OR HEART ATTACK.


Study of monkeys for 180 days at 3800 m altitude to examine their hemopoietic response. Plasma volume was found to be reduced while red cell volume increased steadily for four to five months. Reduction in mean corpuscular hemoglobin content was observed from day 30 to day 120 at altitude. Total plasma protein concentration was unchanged at altitude, but marked reduction in the albumin/globulin ratio occurred. Total circulating plasma protein and albumin were reduced in amount, whereas nonalbumin protein was unchanged. These results imply loss of albumin coupled with a corresponding loss of water from the blood and maintenance of normal plasma osmotic pressure. The body/venous hematocrit ratio was found to be reduced at altitude, possibly as a consequence of the expanded capillary volume of the body. The hemopoietic responses of the pig-tailed monkey at altitude require at least several months for completion, and closely resemble those seen in man; thus, the monkey can serve well for long-term studies of high-altitude acclimatization.


Authentic literacy activities engage children with meaningful reading and writing (Duke, Purcell-Gates, Hall, & Tower, 2006), but little investigation has been conducted into the relationship of the kinds of writing children enjoy and the authenticity of the writing activity and experience. This paper reports findings from a study that investigates the question: How, if at all, does authenticity factor into kinds of writing that children like and/or dislike? Findings indicate that children enjoy writing that purposefully engages them with the real world, and is therefore authentic, and do not enjoy writing that they perceive as merely "school work".


The present invention relates to a pad and a polishing of the semiconductor wafer metal damascene structure polishing method, the art pad has a low elastic recovery rate, combined with high pad stiffness high in energy attenuation, the pad is a groove depth (D) is from about 75 to about 2540㎛, and the groove width (W) is from about 125 to about 1270㎛, the groove pitch (P) has a macro structure containing from about 500 to 3600㎛ groove. The groove pattern provides a stiffness coefficient (GSQ) from about 0.03 to about 1.0 and a flow coefficient groove (GFQ) from about 0.03 to about 0.9.


Effects of the different pretreatment,such as osmotic,freezing and hot-air drying on the quality of vacuum fried horsebean were studied,using the Big White-Horsebean as the material,harvested in Cixi.The results showed that pretreatments significantly affected the moisture content and the fat content.There were significant correlation between the initial moisture content and the fat content.Osmotic or hot-air drying could significantly reduce the fat content of the vacuum fried horsebean,meanwhile,keeping its breaking force and color value.


The end of the bipolar world compels us to look to the future, but it is a future that remains uncertain. Not only is it unclear in what direction the existing system of states is going to develop, but there is also uncertainty as to how the basic unit within that system—the nation state—is going to develop. To answer these questions, we need to examine the underlying principles of the modern nation state and the challenges with which these principles are at present confronted. The modern nation state is based essentially on three principles: the principle of state territoriality, the principle of state sovereignty, and the principle of state secularity. All three principles are at present facing challenges that point to the existence of fundamental problems.


This paper presents a suite of memory abstraction and optimization techniques for distributed executors, with the focus on showing the performance optimization opportunities for Spark executors, which are known to outperform Hadoop MapReduce executors by leveraging Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs), a fundamental core of Spark. This paper makes three original contributions. First, we show that applications on Spark experience large performance deterioration, when RDD is too large to fit in memory, causing unbalanced memory utilizations and premature spilling. Second, we develop a suite of techniques to guide the configuration of RDDs in Spark executors, aiming to optimize the performance of iterative ML workloads on Spark executors when their allocated memory is sufficient for RDD caching. Third, we design DAHI, a light-weight RDD optimizer. DAHI provides three enhancements to Spark: (i) using elastic executors, instead of fixed size JVM executors; (ii) supporting coarser grained tasks and large size RDDs by enabling partial RDD caching; and (iii) automatically leveraging remote memory for secondary RDD caching in the shortage of primary RDD caching on a local node. Extensive experiments on machine learning and graph processing benchmarks show that with DAHI, the performance of ML workloads and applications on Spark improves by up to 12.4x.


Focused attention to mentor texts and exploration of the authors' and illustrators' processes can lead elementary students to deeper understanding of the picturebook biography genre.


Vehicular networks create a new communication paradigm that enables to exploit the movement of cars to disseminate content. If network coding is used, vehicles have much more flexibility in content sharing and the system stability and scalability are promoted also in presence of mobility. Along this line, we propose an efficient mechanism to provide secrecy of the information. Traditional approaches based on encryption decrease the cooperation willingness of intermediate nodes, which have no expectation of recovering the file. Our scheme is based on obfuscation by processing and polluting the original file so that only the intended recipients, informed of corrupted blocks, can recover the information timely. We present several alternatives to efficiently provide weak secrecy and to foster cooperation. We simulate the file distribution in a vehicular network and show that the proposed scheme enhances content distribution in term of downloading speed and it is much more efficient than the ones that use encryption.


Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of oral lesions in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in a descriptive cross-sectional study, and to establish their presence according to levels of CD4+ cells (including the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio). Materials and Methods A total of 75 patients infected with HIV were included. Oral lesions were observed and classified using World Health Organization classification guidelines. Potential correlations between the presence and severity of oral lesions and CD4+ cells, including the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, were studied. Results The most frequent oral lesion detected was oral pseudomembranous candidiasis (80.0%), followed by periodontal disease (40.0%), herpetic lesions (16.0%), hairy leukoplakia (16.0%), gingivitis (20.0%), oral ulceration (12.0%), Kaposi's sarcoma (8.0%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4.0%). The CD4+ count was <200 cells/mm3 in 45 cases (60.0%), between 200–500 cells/mm3 in 18 cases (24.0%), and >500 cells/mm3 in 12 cases (16.0%). The mean CD4+ count was 182.18 cells/mm3. The mean ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells was 0.26. All patients showed at least one oral manifestation. Conclusion There was no correlation between the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and the presence of oral lesions. The severity of the lesions was more pronounced when the CD4+ cell count was less than 200 cells/mm3.


2,3-Epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(GTA) is synthesized at normal temperature using epichlorohydrin and trimethylamine as raw materials and potassium iodide as catalyst in the presence of ethanol.Various factors influencing the yield are investigated by orthogonal experiments.The optimal reaction conditions are obtained as follows:n(EPIC)∶n(TMA)∶n(KI)=1∶0.3∶0.02,reaction temperature of 20℃,4 hours of total reaction time.The yield of 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can be up to 87.1% under such conditions.


THE subject of malingering and valetudinarianism and tlleir prevention is of very great practical importance at tllh present time; it is a large subject of great complexity, in which I have always been much interested. During my first year of practice I was engaged in a big " railway case"; sincc then I lhave lhad a large experience in thlat kind of practice; as medical officer to a large insuLrance company wlliclh deals witlh claims under the Workmen's Compensation Act, in tlhe capacity of Medical Referee for Scotland, and as a lhospital physician and private practitioner, I lhave seen many cases in wllicll tlle question of malingering has presented itself.


Background and Aims: In a cross-sectional study, butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP) concentrations in house dust were associated with eczema and rhinitis among children ages 3-8 years. Our aim was to tes...


It has been recognized that there is a need for a cross-country analysis that can be used to identify the factors that contribute to the problems of state incapacity in South and Southeast Asian nations. In taking up this challenge, we explore selected initiatives of new public management (NPM) in the region to analyse cross-country variations. For this purpose we have chosen four South and Southeast Asian countries, namely: Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. This article examines how the contextual factors. namely political history, party politics, macroeconomic considerations, state tradition, role of International Development Agencies (IDAs) and the state of civil society, influence the nature and the outcome NPM initiatives in these four countries. We argue that contextual factors played a determining role for which Singapore and Malaysia are relatively successful on their own terms compared to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, which failed to achieve the expected benefits from NPM reforms. Points for practitioners It has been argued that there is a need for a cross-country analysis to identify the factors that contribute to the problems of public sector reforms in South and Southeast Asian nations. In taking up this challenge, we have explored selected initiatives of new public management (NPM) to analyse cross-country variations using four South and Southeast Asian countries, namely: Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. We argue that unique country-specific contextual factors have played a determining role for which Singapore and Malaysia are relatively successful on their own terms compared to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in public management reforms.


Electrical stimulation is an underestimated asset in the treatment of urinary dysfunctions—unfortunately still unfamiliar to many urologists and with comparatively few people involved in this research area, being overshadowed by successful activities in other fields of urology. That been said, a plethora of interesting and important contributions have been published on a variety of technologies [1], but electrical stimulation in comparison with treatments like drugs and surgery is sparse in urology. The use of electro-medicine has been more prominent in other medical fields (for example, cardiology) and many highly rewarding experiences have been gained. A different recent example is research under way at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, in detail describing mechanisms for remission of gut inflammation resulting from n. vagus electrical stimulation, illustrating communications between nerves and the immune system [2]. In this context it may be relevant to mention some observations from our unit on effects on the lower urinary tract (LUT) of electrical stimulation made almost 40 years ago: In women with various forms of urinary incontinence treated by means of individually adjusted vaginal electrodes there was an effect on symptoms to various degrees in 90% of subjects and, even more remarkably, 45% of subjects were free of symptoms even when stimulation was interrupted, a phenomenon called reeducation [3]. In a case report on a quite different mode of electrical stimulation, implantation of electrodes into the conus medullaris because of the unusual state of persistent spinal shock, followed by subsequent chronic stimulation, another remarkable effect was observed; after several years of daily use of the stimulator the bladder state reverted into a reflex bladder, with no further need to use the electrical stimulator [4]. In quite a different population a limited part of patients treated with suprapubic transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation owing to chronic interstitial cystitis became free of symptoms combined with loss of the distinctive clinical marks of the disease. Cases in question had suffered the typical features of bladder wall chronic inflammation, with decades of disease duration [5]. The described effects were unexpected and are still unexplored in detail. However, they indicate a unique potential of electrical stimulation to restore functions of LUT central neural pathways, among other things involving long term potentiation of synapses, and also inhibition of inflammatory responses following electrical stimulation. There is an underused potential for these techniques in urology. Unfortunately, just a few urology applications of electrostimulation have matured into general use progress requiring continuous technical and commercial efforts and support. The technique of sacral root neuromodulation pioneered by Tanagho and Schmidt [6] is one exception, has multiple users, and is constantly improving; now working quite well in centers with well-organized routines [7]. Considering the unique potentials of patient benefit these techniques should be more widespread. Limitations are the learning curve, sometimes vague indications and that volumes of patients per center have to be sufficient to maintain good technical skills as well as working routines. The present research group has to be congratulated [8]. Although they were in the beginning phase of the learning curve, and in spite of focusing on real problem cases with quite heterogenic causes, previously subjected to multiple treatment attempts, their results were favorable and, apart from two device infections, complications were mild. Their achievements have to be applauded, and the gain for their unfortunate group of patients is obvious. This treatment principle should be taken more seriously. Although not suited for every department, there should be a reasonable geographical spread of centers using these techniques, to make the methods accessible to a broader patient population. In the absence of more precise alternatives selection to neuromodulation is based on refractory symptoms and response to the percutaneous test. Multidisciplinary efforts are needed in the future, though: causally determined target diagnoses should be the preferred principle. Hopefully, by groups like the present author team networking and cooperating with other groups with investigating capacities specific diagnoses will be identified where electrical stimulation treatment can be selected as a first line treatment rather than as a last resort preceded by multiple trying and sometimes expensive treatment efforts.


We report the first pump-probe spectra using 1 keV pulses from LCLS to excite N2 in delayed coincidence with 800 nm laser pulses. The delay between pump and probe was controlled to within 50 fsec.


The political situation in the United Kingdom, wherein the lack of majority for the Conservative or the Labor Party is making Clegg, the leader of the Liberal Democrats the deciding player in the formation of the next government is analysed. It is suggested that Clegg would be best advised to wait and consider his party's political options and future before deciding on providing support to either party.


The paper will examine concert activities of the Chamber Orchestra of the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad in the period from 1982, when was the date of the first concert program in which the ensemble was announced under that name, until 1992, when the ensemble changed its name to Camerata Academica and continued to operate in new social circumstances. A large number of concerts and cooperation with foreign and national guest soloists testify to the extremely fertile period in the history of this ensemble, which provides insight into the details of the efforts for the institutional foundation of the orchestra, the organization of tours, the preparation of the repertoire and critical reception of the period. The research was conducted based on the material stored in the archives of theAcademy ofArts and the writingsfrom the daily newspapers of that time.


The stitching yarns are described by the space bar element,and a finite element modeling techniques are evaluated for the interlaminar stresses analysis of the composite laminates stitched around a circular hole.The interlaminar normal stress and the interlaminar shear stress are computed around the hole which subjected to in-plane tension.The interlaminar stresses of stitched-composites laminate are compared with those of unstitched-composites laminate.The effects of stitching parameters such as stitching needle span,row spacing,edge distance,single stitching or double stitching are discussed on the interlaminar stresses.The results show that the stitched-composites laminate have much lower interlaminar stresses than unstitched-composites laminate.The distribution of the interlaminar stresses around the hole is related with layers.The interlaminar stresses around the hole of different layers are likely to including breaking point.


The term myositis ossificans has been utilized to describe a wide variety of lesions ranging from the classic myositis ossificans progressiva, a terns originally coined by Von Dusch (quoted by Flynn arid Graham), to almost any kirsd of softtissue calcification Controversy still exists whether myositis ossificanis traum.atica is subperiosteal proliferation of boric consequent to trauma or heterotopic ossificationi of insflamnned muscles 18 Both factors seem to operate ins sonic cases, and it is


The temperature losses of liquid steel after the last measured temperature in the converter are investigated. This investigation includes also the losses during ladle treatment. The results are described with relationships, based on theoretical considerations. The remaining error is close to the error of the measurement equipment. The developed model comes in operation during 1997 to improve the tundish temperature prediction (standard deviation : 3.5 °C).


Objective:Toinvestigate the etiological agents of the outbreak ofhand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in ChongQing area from April to September in 2009.Methods:100 specimens(including cerebral spinal fluid,vesicle fluid,stool,throat swabs,anal swab) were collected from 47 patients with HFMD during the epidemic season.The specimens were inoculated into RD cells for isolation of enteroviruses(EV),The supernatant of cytopathic effect(CPE)were detected by RT-PCR with universal primers of enterovirus, genus-specific primers of EV71 and genus-specific primers of Coxsackie A16,and the amplified products were sequenced to determine the outbreak of the pathogen enteroviruses(EV),The sequencing results will be compared with international representatives BrCr strain to identify the enteroviruses(EV)by Bioedit biological software.Results:In the 100 cell cultures of clinical specimens of children HFMD, apparent Cytopathic were observed in 7.The results of RT-PCR showed that seven specimens were positive with intestinal universal primers,and three were positive results with EV71-specific primers,which were from two cases of out-patient children and one with clinical diagnosis of suspected case,while the negative results were obtained with CA16-specific primers for all the samples.The recovery of the PCR products were cloned and the sequencing identification confirmed as EV71 virus,while sequencing analysis of homology-related in the results.Conclusion:EV71 were the major etiological agents of the HFMD outbreak in Chongqing from February to April in 2009.


Gas collection efficiency is important for a variety of environmental, regulatory, and engineering purposes in landfill management. However collection efficiency measurements are typically complex and costly and so are seldom made. Instead conservative collection efficiencies are typically assumed, for example, 75% by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). In the 1990's, the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (Districts) developed an innovative methodology for measuring gas collection efficiency based on a combination of readily acquired integrated surface methane (ISM) concentration data and modeling using the US EPA's Industrial Source Complex (ISC) air dispersion model. The Districts previously reported application of this "ISM/ISC" method to their Palos Verdes Landfill using four quarterly ISM monitoring events for fiscal year 2001/2002. The landfill gas collection system at this site is operated for energy recovery and emission control purposes. A collection efficiency of about 95% was measured. This paper presents a recent Districts study comparing the ISM/ISC method with conventional static flux chamber emission measurements at the Palos Verdes Landfill. ISM prescreening was used in Spring 2006 to identify ten flux chamber measurement locations chosen to represent both peak and typical emission areas. The flux chambers were monitored in Summer 2006 for methane at five-minute intervals over 35 minutes. Additionally, chamber samples taken at the start and end of each test were analyzed for toxic constituents by US EPA Method TO-15 using single ion monitoring (SIM) technology for low detection limits. The ISM/ISC method showed +99.2% collection efficiency for the 2006 data set. The increase in efficiency from that measured for the 2001/2002 data set corresponds to improvements in the gas collection system in the intervening time. The flux chambers found no statistically significant methane accumulation. The flux chamber methane levels were not significantly different from the global background for California. The initial and final EPA TO-15 SIM constituent concentrations were not significantly different from one another. Collection efficiencies based on flux chamber measurements were calculated to be essentially 100%. The ISM/ISC results were consistent with those from costlier flux chamber measurements. Methane used by the ISM/ISC method served as a conservative surrogate for EPA TO-15 SIM constituents measured by the flux chambers. The ISM/ISC and flux chamber methods measured collection efficiencies above 99%. These results indicate that commonly assumed collection efficiencies of 75% can be grossly conservative for landfills operated for emission control purposes. INTRODUCTION Methane and carbon dioxide are the end products of solid waste biodegradation under anaerobic conditions and are the primary constituents of landfill gas. Landfill gas may be recovered for a variety of purposes including subsurface migration prevention, odor and emission control, and energy recovery. Additionally national and regional jurisdictions may require landfill gas recovery. For example, the 1996 US EPA Municipal Solid Waste Landfill New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) require landfill gas recovery for air quality purposes. Gas collection efficiency may be defined differently for various environmental, regulatory, and engineering


40307-08 Conductor Selection and Calculation (15 Hours) Covers the types of conductors used in wiring systems, including insulation, current-carrying capacity, and temperature ratings.


Different researchers put forward different theoretical explanations about child word acquisition of L1.Some researchers think that children are influenced by some constraints to acquire the words of L1 selectively and orderly.The paper mainly discusses three word acquisition constraints: 1).the Whole Object Constraint;2).the Taxonomic Constraint;3).the Mutual Exclusivity Constraint.Constraints can help children acquire words of L1 to some extent.But because of various factors,there are still some limitations both in three constraints in explaining child word acquisition of L1 and the research of the constraints.So this calls for further studies.


Background: Prompt IVIG treatment is important for prevention of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA), but incomplete criteria can delay diagnosis. AHA 2004 recommendations included an epidemiologic case definition and an algorithm for diagnosing and treating suspected incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD). We explored the performance of these recommendations in a large series of U.S. KD patients (pts) with CAA. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of KD pts with CAA at 3 centers from 1980–2007. CAA were defined by Z score >3 or Japanese Ministry of Health criteria. Our primary outcome was the % of pts presenting ≤ Day 10 who would have received IVIG treatment by application of AHA recommendations. Results: Of 262 pts, 191 (73%) presented ≤ Day 10, 17% were ≤ 6 months. A subset of 158 pts had data adequate to apply the 2004 AHA guidelines. Of these, 123 pts (78%) met the case definition and would have received IVIG; 28 pts (18%) had suspected incomplete KD and were eligible for algorithm application, of whom 22 pts would have received IVIG at presentation and 6 pts would not have been treated initially but referred for serial evaluation. Overall, application of the AHA algorithm would have referred 145 pts (92%) for immediate IVIG treatment and 6 pts (4%) for serial evaluation; 7 pts (4%) did not meet the case definition or qualify for the algorithm at presentation because of fever 6 mo of age (n = 1). Pts ≤ 6 mo, compared to older pts, were more likely to have incomplete KD, although this did not reach statistical significance (26% vs. 16%, p=0.27). Among the 27 pts ≤ 6 mo old, 26 pts (96%) would have been referred for IVIG treatment and 1 (4%) had fever Conclusion: In this retrospective review of KD pts with CAA first evaluated ≤ Day 10, application of the AHA guidelines substantially expanded the number of pts (from 78% to 92%) who were appropriately diagnosed and treated with IVIG at presentation. However, 8% of KD pts with CAA would not have been treated with IVIG at initial presentation, suggesting the importance of serial evaluation. Prospective multi-center assessment of AHA recommendations should guide further refinement of the algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of incomplete KD.


This paper presents the implementation of a virtual tool that allows students in a particular subject, face academic challenges that are distributed over levels, which correspond to the units of the course. The purpose of this is to enable them to identify the issues you need to reinforce study and compare its performance with that of their peers. The teaching method is a study and practice of evaluation not, giving advantages in implementation. A statistical analysis of the results was performed, showing the receptivity of students about the tool and the decrease in repetition rates of the subject. Finally, conclusions are presented showing the benefits that can bring this type of application on the performance of the students subjected to it.


Submission Deadline: 1 September 2015 30 September 2015 Important Dates Call for Abstracts Now Open! Abstracts may be submitted via internet using online submission module – www.wioc2015.coms may be submitted via internet using online submission module – www.wioc2015.com Abstracts should be prepared in English.s should be prepared in English. Maximum 2 oral presentations and max. 2 poster presentations by the same presenting author will be accepted for presentation at the Conference Accepted abstracts will be published on the conference website For all enquiries regarding abstracts: please contact firstname.lastname@example.com AD DTUK0515_18-19_Gaballah 15.10.15 12:06 Seite 2


This thesis investigated the role of anticipation as a mediating factor in the Emotion-Enhanced Memory (EEM) phenomenon. Using behavioural and ERP measures, three anticipatory conditions were explored: Informative, No-Cue and Non-Informative. The primary objective was to determine how far the pre-stimulus-Dm (Ps-Dm) effect is a reliable indicator of emotional memory encoding under different levels of anticipation, and if the preparatory process explanation accounts for any effects. This study also aimed to determine if there is an association between anticipatory activity at the pre- and post- stimulus phase, and the related behavioural outcome. One behavioural and three ERP studies were conducted to measure the difference due to memory (Dm) effect during an anticipatory phase. The Dm effect distinguishes between neural activity of subsequently remembered and forgotten items, providing an index of successful encoding. We employed an S1-S2 (Stimulus 1: Cues - Stimulus 2: Pictures) Cueing-Subsequent Memory Paradigm. Upper case letters (O, X, Z) served as cue stimuli (S1). Emotional and neutral images selected from International Affective Picture System (IAPS) were used as S2. Findings revealed a Dm effect for informative as well as for non-informative cue conditions when participants anticipated high-arousal emotionally negative pictures. This effect was found during the 400-600ms time window only when the cue remained on the screen. This effect was not significant for the studies in which the arousal level of anticipated negative pictures was mixed. Moreover, the behavioral findings mirrored the neural activity in this particular study. However, in rest of the studies, behavioral results could not corroborate neural activity. The results of the present set of experiments highlighted that emotional memory might be formed without specific information about the content or valence of imminent pictures.


In this paper, a formal model has been developed to analyze the appointment of individuals to serve as central bank governors in a two-party political system when confinnation hearings exist and monetary policy is determined according to a majority-rule voting system. lile major results of the paper are that appointed governors will tend to be more moderate (i) if the nominating party and the confirming party do not coincide, (H) the lower the chance the nominating party and the confrrming party coincide in the future, (in) if the term governors must serve out overlaps an electian, (iv) as the next election approaches, and (v) the lower the probability the nominating party wins the next election. Some of these theoretical results are consistent with existing empirical evidence related to tbe Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.


The study included 117 patients with cervical cancer stage IIB and III undergoing combined radiotherapy and also specific immunotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy. The dynamics of a number of cytokines content has been defined (interleukin-2, -6, -10, -12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha). There was a significant excess of anti-inflammatory factors over stimulators of proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes against the reduction of almost all the interleukins. The degree of impairment was dependent on the stage of the tumor. Application of the treatment method, which includes a specific and adoptive immunotherapy, promoted activation of interleukin production and elimination of immunoregulatory imbalance.


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Health Research and Development of the Ministry of Health of Indonesia.

 External counterpulsation (ECP) is a noninvasive therapy that employs external compression on the lower extremities to augment coronary perfusion pressure. Numerous studies reported that ECP possesses potential benefits in enhancing the angiogenesis process by promoting expressions of several growth factors. Nondiabetic patients are believed to be more reliable in portraying the angiogenesis process. Unfortunately, the effect of ECP on angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) as angiogenesis markers has not been elucidated.

 The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of ECP on Ang-1 and Ang-2 levels in nondiabetic patients with refractory angina.

 This is a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. Nondiabetic patients with refractory angina, who were not contraindicated to ECP therapy, were enrolled and randomised into ECP or sham groups. The treatment consisted of optimal medical therapy plus 35 sessions of ECP or sham, with an hour duration for each session. The pressure applied was up to 300 mmHg in the ECP group, while only 75 mmHg in the sham group. Subjective symptoms, laboratory, echocardiographic, and functional capacity parameters were measured before and after 35 sessions of treatment. Appropriate statistical tests were performed and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 A total of 26 nondiabetic patients with refractory angina were enrolled and randomised into ECP (n=11) and sham (n=15) groups. All patients successfully followed every treatment session until the 35th session. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (p>0.05). After 35 sessions, there were increases in Ang-1 median levels in both ECP (1663.4 pg/ml versus 891.6 pg/ml, p=0.477) and sham groups (1577.0 pg/ml versus 1295.0 pg/ml, p=0.496). The Ang-2 median levels after the treatments were slightly lower in ECP (2849.5 pg/ml versus 2902.3 pg/ml, p=0.594), while higher in sham groups (2728.3 pg/ml versus 2376.2 pg/ml, p=0.826). Meanwhile, the ECP group also showed an improvement in the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class from class III to class I/II in 18% (2 out of 11) patients, while in the sham group only 13% (2 out of 15) patients. Interestingly, the ECP group seemed to elicit a noticeable increase in Ang-1 median levels and a decrease in Ang-2 median levels. However, the effects of ECP shown in this study were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

 The ECP group exhibited a higher trend of increase in Ang-1 level compared to the sham group. The Ang-2 level was slightly lowered in the ECP group, while increased in the sham group. Although it was not statistically significant, the increasing trend in the Ang-1 level may provide an additional understanding of the ECP angiogenic effects. Therefore, further studies to validate these results are warranted.


If the technological situation is unique, the ways to understand the contemporary moral condition are not. We link it to age-old questions: in fact, the power promised by technol- ogy only establishes a new form of human finitude. In the face of this continuity of the fundamental moral condition, we examine a number of alternative ways of thinking about the basis of responsible innovation, exploring the metaphors of quasi-parental and political responsibilities, as well as the place of virtue in innovation and the role of cul- tural narratives in helping us understand the limits of responsible innovation. The problem of responsible innovation stems from a contradiction that af- fects the social authority possessed by scientific knowledge. This is the con- tradiction between the promise of knowledge without intrinsic limits, and the limits that actually emerge when the products of this knowledge, in the form of technology, generate radical uncertainty about the future. Human desire is yet another part of the human condition that also possesses no in- trinsic limits. Unconstrained by the voice of reason, passions can reinforce themselves with unbounded strength for an indefinite period of time. They provoke emotions, whose contribution to moral judgement stands on a par with the input of a consequentialist calculation of costs and benefits associ- ated with one's action. Hence the necessity to take them into account in ad- dressing the problems of responsible innovation. The 20 th century was replete with reflections and reactions on what was perceived as the failed promises of rational science and the enlightened man. From the Holocaust and the Gulag on the social side, to Chernobyl, Fuku- shima, the debacle of GMOs, intrusions of privacy, and contaminated medi- cines (from haemophilia blood products in the 1980s to cardiac drugs in the 2010s) on the technological side, all of these catastrophic events involved the unforeseen consequences of technological innovation as either leading vec- tors or helpful mediators of evil. The psychological and moral experiences that these events induced in human societies had a traumatic character (Frankl 1946), in which the claims of a trusted authority were unexpectedly


Application of flavourzyme,acidic proteinase and glucoamylase of moldy bran in hydrolyzing yellow wine lees into very tasty soybean sauce is studied in this article.With 15~20u/g(protein) flavourzyme,yellow wine lees can be hydrolyzed into soy,and availability reach 84.82 percent of protein,total nitrogen 1.6%,and free amino nitrogen 60%.This technique pioneers a new resource of soy,and develop a new method for the application of enzyme preparations in the process of soy sauce production.


Low-temperature deposited titanium nitride layers exhibiting increased and distorted lattices are subjected to in situ X-ray diffraction investigations at different temperatures. Annealing at about 450 °C leads to a complete lattice relaxation due to diffusion of point defects in the lattice. The activation energy for this diffusion can be calculated to be 1.23 ± 0.07 eV (while the reported activation energy of vacancy diffusion in TiN films is 2.09 eV). This proves that lattice widening and distortion in titanium nitride films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering at temperatures below 200 °C is mainly due to atoms on interstitial sites, and that the density of vacancies is high enough that most of the interstitial atoms find a vacancy to recombine, which leads to the observed relaxation.


A series of experiments compared safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) to a range of winter and spring sown crops, investigated sowing times, sowing rates and cultivars on sites with different amounts of available water. Depending on the site year, the total water use of safflower ranged from 166 to 536 mm and seed yields from 0.2 to 4.5 t/ha. From these results and the constraints reported in Part 1 of this paper, a series of suggestions are made to improve the productivity of safflower. Compared to the other crops tested, winter sown safflower produced large amounts of biomass on all sites and seed yields between 0.4 and 3.7 t/ha. However, the mean harvest Index (HI) was only 0.14, compared to 0.26 for canola (Brassica napus) providing a breeding objective to increase HI, possibly by reducing plant height. Safflower matured 6 to 7 weeks after canola resulting in an additional ~120 mm of water being used to produce similar yields. The higher water requirement of safflower results in poor yields under drier conditions and earlier maturing cultivars adapted to 350 to 550 mm annual rainfall zones are required. Sowing time experiments showed that safflower can produce satisfactory yields when sown in spring in wetter situations, but under drier conditions yields decline by 5% for each week that sowing is delayed beyond mid-winter (mid-July). In at least some situations, safflower has gained a reputation as being a summer crop, but these results indicate that yields are more reliable when safflower sown in winter.


OBJECTIVE To prepare the oridonin solid lipid nanoparticles with stearic acid, and investigate their quality and characteristics. METHODS The method of emulsion evaporation-solidification at low temperature was used to prepare the stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing oridonin. Its morphology and particle size were examined by transmission electron microscope. Entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, structural properties quality and the release of oridonin in vitro were studied. RESULTS The oridonin-SLN assumed spherical shape.Its distribution of diameter was even with average particle size (22.22±15.5)nm. The zeta potential was - 45.07 mV. Entrapment efficiency was (44.83±1.504) % . The release of oridonin in vitro conformed to Higuchi Equation. The formation of a new material phase was testified by analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering. CONCLUSION Oridonin loaded stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles were produced with stable physical properties.


Usually because of financial, social, and other difficulties lateral irrigation networks of many modern networks have been left unconstructed in developing countries. However, during the last decade their role in increasing the efficiency of surface irrigation, which is dominated around the world, has been highlighted and come to consideration. Mishra et al.'s (1990) effort for developing simply constructed and maintained yet highly effective structure for delivering rather constant discharge for considerable flow depth variation, which could significantly improve the water delivery and distribution efficiency, is appreciated. Nevertheless, some considerations should be taken into account prior to field application of such a newly designed structure. A research program supported by The Center of Excellence for Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Irrigation and Drainage Networks, University of Tehran, aimed at refining the design and construction of Mishra et al.'s module–as referred to here–for field application was conducted and a variety of the structure's aspects were investigated. The discussers would like to share their investigation's results with the original idea owners and highlight some points raised from the discussers' understanding of the main paper. We are hoping to enhance the objective "refine the design and analysis of the baffle sluice gates : : : " as stated by the respected authors. Module data for the Mishra et al. (1990) design method, compiled for some design discharges at the Hydraulic Lab of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department at the University of Tehran, were classified according to the defined stages presented in the main paper. The discharge coefficients of S2 and S4 stages were calculated and overlaid on Figs. 4 and 6 of the main paper and presented here as Figs. 1(a and b). It should be mentioned that the data were compiled with high frequency for each tested module. Fig. 1(a) reveals rather good agreement between the discussers' data and the data presented by the authors for S2 stages, which could be attributed to the careful definition of the stage limits. The discussers' data of S4 stages, however, presented small deviations from that of the authors. With the absence of the weir flow component in S4 (or S1) stages and its sharp definition, higher concurrence among the data was expected. To examine the generality of the authors' proposed method, the relationships for discharge coefficients of S2 and S4 stages, i.e., Cd 1⁄4 0.49ða=HÞ−0.069 and Cd 1⁄4 0.482ða=HÞ−0.106, respectively, were used to calculate the discharge for the discussers' data. Comparison between calculated and observed discharge values were presented in Figs. 2(a and b) for S2 and S4 stages, respectively, which reveals very good agreement for both S2 and S4 stages. It is interesting to note that the deviations of the discussers' data presented in Fig. 1(b) did not display significant impact in Fig. 2(b). Also, it should be mentioned that the discussers ignored the weir flow in S2 stages altogether, i.e., the whole discharge is considered sluice flow. Indeed this decision is made based on the observation that the weir flows in S2 stages were very small compared to the sluice flow. The most complicated flow field condition belongs to S3 stages. The discussers confronted with some ambiguity in regard to the methodology presented for determining d values and for preparing Fig. (5) of the main paper. That is, the submerged discharge coefficient, Cds, of these stages should be presented against a=ðH − dÞ instead of a=H. Otherwise, as Henry's (1950) diagram indicates, if the latter is used, the submerged discharge coefficient would take smaller values than that of the free-flow condition. Also the abscissa values of Fig. (5) of the main paper bear values greater than unity, which lacks physical meaning for a=H ratio. Although the third stage, S3, exhibits the most complicated flow field, the weir flow, which consists of a significant percentage of the total flow, could simply be determined based on the available experimental data. Consequently, the submerged discharge, qsd, could directly be obtained (i.e., qsd1 1⁄4 qm3−qw1). Therefore, Eq. (3) need not be used to calculate the submerged discharge; rather, it should be applied to estimate Cds provided that d is experimentally measured or somehow estimated. However, close attention to the flow field between two adjacent baffles in S3 stages reveals that air bubbles enter the water column as showed in Fig. (3) and generate a core of circulating two-phase flow condition that could drastically change the pressure distribution from that of the hydrostatic one. The air bubbles from the mentioned core release in an upward direction to aerate the underneath nape of the weir flow and in a downward direction to interfere with the operation of the downstream baffle opening. This indicates that even if the value of d is measured experimentally it might not be used without applying a correction factor that compensates for the presence of air in the water column. Eq. (2) along with Henry's (1950) diagram (Fig. 4) could be used to estimate the equivalent d values for S3 stages. In this regard, d is considered as the equivalent tailwater depth that generates the associated flow condition. The value of d=a for each data point was determined by linear interpolation between two adjacent curves, and the related d values were used to evaluate Cds based on Eq. (3). It should be mentioned that the data that fall outside the d=a range were ignored. The Cds-values then were plotted against a=H and a=ðH − dÞ in Figs. 5 and 6, respectively. Fig. 5 reveals that the coefficients of the linear regression and the applicability range is different from that of Eq. (7). The regression line of Fig. 6 provided coefficients quite close to that of Eq. (7). Computed discharges based on Eqs. (3) and (7) as presented in the main paper, i.e., using a=H to estimate Cds, underestimated the computed values with higher deviation as the discharge increases (Fig. 7). However, employing Cds evaluated based on Eq. (7) and 1⁄2a=ðH − dÞ -values improved the discharge estimation (Fig. 8). Using the regression equation presented in Fig. 6 along with Eq. (3) provided the best results (Fig. 9). It is worth mentioning that the proper estimation of the equivalent d-values is the key step for determining Cds values and the corresponding discharges in S3 stages. Therefore, clarification of the authors' approach in determining this parameter would be of practical interest and could provide thorough understanding of the complex flow condition of this stage.


ABSTRACT Today, online social media outlets provide new and plentiful sources of data on social networks (SNs) and location-based social networks (LBSNs), i.e., geolocated evidence of connections between individuals. While SNs have been used to show how the magnitude of social connectivity decreases with distance, there are few examples of how to include SNs as layers in a GISystem. If SNs, and thus, interpersonal relationships, could be analyzed in a geographic information system (GIS) setting, we could better model how humans socialize, share information, and form social groups within the complex geographic landscape. Our goal is to facilitate a guide for analyzing SNs (as derived from online social media, telecommunications, surveys, etc.) within geographic space by combining the mature fields of social network analysis (SNA) and GISystems. First, we describe why modeling socialization in geographic space is essential for understanding human behavior. We then outline best practices and techniques for embedding SN nodes and edges in GISystems by introducing terms like 'social flow' and 'anthrospace', and categorizations for data and spatial aggregation types. Finally, we explore case study vignettes of SNA within GISystems from diverse regions located in Bolivia, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States, using concepts such as geolocated dyads, ego–alter relationships, node feature roles, modularity, and network transitivity.


In this paper a new method for solving
Goursat problem is introduced using Reduced Differential Transform Method
(RDTM). The approximate analytical solution of the problem is calculated in the
form of series with easily computable components. The comparison of the
methodology presented in this paper with some other well known techniques
demonstrates the effectiveness and power of the newly proposed methodology.


The present invention, the present invention (Global Positioning System) GPS as for the GPS pseudo distance (pseudorange) measurements and one pilot phase obtained from the pilot channel signal of the base station (Pilot Phase) how the position location of a mobile station using the measurements and the apparatus of the pseudorange the time of the first measurement and a measured position of a mobile station using a second measurement value obtained from the pilot channel signal of the base station by the mobile station receives the GPS signals to obtain the first measured value and for receiving the pilot channel signal and obtaining the second measured value. And to select the first measurement and a common After obtaining the TOA (Time of Arrival) having a clock error, the first and the predetermined positioning mode according to the number of the second measurement from the second measurement value with the obtained the in accordance with the selected positioning mode, it characterized in that it determines the clock error of the current position and the GPS receiver of the mobile station. Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, GPS pseudorange measurements in the case a mixture of the pilot phase measurements of the base station for measuring the position of the mobile terminal to obtain the TOA measurements have a common clock error can be further expanded to the position location area of the mobile station is. GPS, position measurement, TOA, TDOA, PRM, PPM, clock error


Cooperation is a family organization with legal status which at present is get the government's attention. Cooperation built to create businesses and services in creating the principle of kinship which correspond to economic democracy.This research aimed to analyze the financial performance of cooperatives through the effect of the ratio Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability against Time Results of Operations (SHU) at Primkoppol Mapolda West Sumatra were conducted over 5 years (2010 s / d 2014), where the ratio is used to search for Liquidity (current ratio), Solvency (Long Term Debt to Equity ratio) and profitability (Return on Assets ratio). This study uses secondary data of financial statements with quantitative approach. The results of this research indicate that the variable Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability affect the rest of Results of Operations (SHU). It can be seen from 1). Financial Statement Analysis, 2). Linear Regression Analysis, 3). T test, 4). Test F and 5). The coefficient of determination (R²)


The invention provides a successive approximation register analog-to-digital conversion circuit for realizing minimal dynamic range, comprising a simulation input signal, a successive approximation register integrator and a comparator, wherein the simulation input signal has simulation input voltage Vin, wherein the input signal of the successive approximation register integrator are three reference voltages comprising Vrp, Vrn and Vcm, and the output voltage Vda at an output end of the successive approximation register integrator is driven according to a binary search algorithm; the positiveinput end of the comparator is connected with the simulation input signal and the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the output voltage Vda of the integrator, the output end of the comparator gradually outputs N-bit digital signals. The requirement of the actual application can be effectively satisfied by the SARADC (successive approximation register analog-to-digital conversion) circuit within the minimal dynamic range by regulating the input reference voltage of the successive approximation register integrator; thus, the dynamic range of the SARADC circuit is not wasted;and besides, the cost of the actual circuit is saved.


Chondrosarcoma of bone is a well-recognized disorder with distinct clinicopathological and radiological features.
 It is commonly reported to occur in fourth to sixth decade of life, in flat and long bones, with involvement of small
 bones of hand and foot being rare. Chondrosarcoma of calcaneum is also a rare entity, of which most of them are
 conventional type of chondrosarcoma. Myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma involving calcaneum is even rare, with
 very few cases being reported in the English literature. We are reporting an unusual case of myxoid
 chondrosarcoma of bone occurring at an unusual site (calcaneum) with an unusual presentation.


Objective To survey the relationship between hyperlipidemia and peridontitis.Methods From September,2008 to September,2009 the cross sectional survey on the level of serum lipid and periodtal conditions of the cadres in Beijing was carried out with random cluster sampling method,4485 cases were studied and were stratified into two groups-young middle aged adults and old adults.The data were analyzed with Multiple Linear Regression.Result Statistical analysis showed no evident association of cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein bwtween periodontal conditions(all with P0.05).Conclusion Further studies of the relationship between blood serum lipids and periondtitis are necessary.


Gaining access to private lands in war-torn societies is a problem that confronts many governments, including Burundi when implementing public projects. Government officials hastily acquired private lands while implementing projects which are not always for public interests. Using the case study approach, the study explored what happened when land was acquired to erect a new Presidential Palace at Gasenyi area. Findings revealed that expropriation exercise produced serious tensions between the affected people and the government due to misunderstandings on the procedures used, expropriation speed, compensation rates used and the existence of substandard living conditions in the resettlement areas. The study requests governments in post-conflict situations to follow legal procedures, avoid hasty projects especially those involving private lands, sensitize and involve the affected people in the process, and invigorate the trust lost during the conflicts. APs ought to be properly educated, fairly treated and adequately informed on the aspects of the proposed land requiring projects. Where expropriation procedures are to be purposely hastened, these must have a legal backing and timely communicated. It is crucial to restore the lost trust resulting from the past abuses of power while limiting the possibility of igniting secondary conflicts through participatory measures in post war reconstruction process of which land expropriation is one of the critical components.


Imagery from actual sensors was used for automatic object recognition with a binary phase- only filtering (BPOF) optical correlator. The correlator was primarily tested for applications that involve objects with a nonrepeatable signature. Digital image processing techniques were used to threshold gray-level images and approximate their boundaries with polygons to limit variations of input imagery before correlation. Correlation responses increased and worked best when relatively short line segments were used in the approximation. The best results were obtained when a convex polygon was drawn to the outward-most points of the object. This is equivalent to extracting specific shape features of the object. The method presented here reduced the sensitivity of a BPOF to changes in an object's appearance when an object varied in different or unknown ways.


In this thesis we look at mode analysis of logic programs. Being based on the mathematical formalism of predicate logic, logic programs have no a priori notion of data flow — a single logic program may run in multiple modes where each mode describes, or prescribes, a pattern of data flow. A mode system provides an abstract domain for describing the flow of data in logic programs, and an algorithm for analysing programs to infer the modes of a program or to check the correctness of mode declarations given by the programmer. Such an analysis can provide much useful information to the compiler for optimising the program. In a prescriptive mode system, mode analysis is also an important part of the semantic analysis phase of compilation (much like type analysis) and can inform the programmer of many errors or potential errors in the program at compile time. We therefore believe it is an essential component of any industrial strength logic programming system. Our aim is to develop a strong and prescriptive mode system that is both as precise and expressive as possible. We believe this requires a strongly typed and purely declarative language and so we focus on the language Mercury. The first contribution of our work is to give a detailed description of Mercury's existing mode system, which is based on abstract interpretation. Although most of this system has been around for several years, this is the first time it has been described in this level of detail. This is also the first time the relationship of the mode system to the formalism of abstract interpretation has been made clear. Following that, we look at ways of extending the mode system to provide further precision and expressiveness, and to overcome some of the limitations of the current system. The first of these extensions is to support a form of constrained parametric polymorphism for modes. This is analogous to constrained parametric polymorphic type systems such as type classes, and adds a somewhat similar degree of expressiveness to the mode system. Next we look at a method for increasing the precision of the mode analysis by keeping track of aliases between variables. The increased precision we gain from this allows an increase in expressiveness by allowing the use of partially instantiated data structures and more complex uniqueness annotations on modes. The final area we look at is an alternative approach to mode analysis using Boolean constraints. This allows us to design a mode system that can capture complex mode constraints between variables and more clearly separates the various tasks required for mode analysis. We believe that this constraint-based system provides a good platform for further extension of the Mercury mode


H3PO4 doped DL−PLA/PANI conductive composite was prepared by in situ polymerization technique. Room and low temperature DC conductivity were measured by four probe technique and the morphology was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Smooth surface for neat DL−PLA and fiber like morphology for H3PO4 doped DL−PLA/PANI conductive composite was observed. The average diameter of the fiber in the as prepared composite was found to be 163 nm. The average room temperature conductivity was found to be 0.774 × 10 S/cm and showed ohmic behaviour. Also, low temperature DC conductivity at 77−300 K of as prepared composite shows a temperature dependency. Different electronic transitions were observed in ultraviolet−visible (UV−Vis) region of UV−Vis spectra and direct band gap was calculated using Tauc relation. Polaron band showed emeraldine salt form of H3PO4 doped DL−PLA/PANI conductive composite. ATR−FTIR analysis was done for chemical characterization of the polymer. With the prepared DL−PLA/PANI film methane gas sensing was done by varying the concentration. At 500 ppm the response was found to be 9 % at room temperature. Keywordscomposite; nanofiber; band gap; conductivity; methane gas sensor


Simple Summary Mucosal morphology and microbiota composition are key components of the gut development of calves. Adverse health events during pre-weaning and diet changes at weaning can create a lasting impact on those components. Phytogenic feed additives such as the Macleaya cordata plant extract preparations (MCE) improved the gut morphology and microbiota composition of pigs and poultry in previous studies. In this study, MCE was fed to dairy × beef crossbred calves before (6 to 45 d) and after weaning (45 to 90 d). The cumulative impact on the ruminal and small intestinal morphology and microbiota composition were evaluated at 95 d of age. Despite the minor changes in ruminal and intestinal microbial populations, MCE increased the rumen papillae length and villus height: crypt depth in the small intestine, suggesting the potential to enhance gut health and development. Abstract The objective was to determine the impact of feeding MCE on ruminal and intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of calves. A total of 10 male and 10 female crossbred (dairy × beef) calves (6 d of age) were assigned randomly to control (CTL; n = 10) or MCE-supplemented (TRT; n = 10) groups. The MCE was fed in the milk replacer and top-dressed on the calf starter during pre-weaning (6 to 49 d) and post-weaning (50 to 95 d) periods, respectively. Calves were slaughtered at 95 d to collect rumen and intestinal samples to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, mucosal morphology, and microbiota composition. The effects of MCE were analyzed by accounting for the sex and breed effects. Feeding MCE increased rumen papillae length (p = 0.010) and intestinal villus height: crypt depth (p < 0.030) compared to CTL but did not affect rumen VFA profile. The TRT had a negligible impact on microbial community composition in both the rumen and the jejunum. In conclusion, feeding MCE from birth through weaning can improve ruminal and small intestinal mucosa development of calves despite the negligible microbiota composition changes observed post-weaning.


NEW DISCOVERIES clarifying the mechanism of T-cell immune recognition, together with major advances in the identification of specific genetic changes in tumours and observations on changes in the expression of HLA class I determinants on tumours, have dramatically transformed the nature of tumour immunology. It is now possible to envisage a precise understanding of the basis for immune response to tumours and so approach, in an organised way, strategies for exploiting the immune system for treatment, and even prevention, of cancers. The papers in the latest issue of Cancer Surveys [l] review the current state of knowledge and ideas concerning T-cell immune responses to turnouts-ranging from the description of the basic mechanisms of immune response to review of approaches to immunotherapy and the clinical evidence for immune response to human tumours. The most important advance in our understanding of the nature of T-cell immune recognition of cellular determinants is the demonstration that the recognised targets are processed protein antigens often intracellular, which can be represented in in vitro assays by short oligopeptide sequences from the relevant protein [2]. These are presented by HLA molecules on the cell surface. The structure of the HLA class I molecule, established by Bjorkman, Wiley and Strominger [3], shows where peptides are held in the cleft of the HLA molecule so that they are available for recognition by the T-cell receptor. Specific peptides, characteristically eight or nine aminoacids long, can be eluted from the HLA molecules of target cells, and this provides a totally new approach for the potential identification of T-cell target antigens [4,5]. Particularly relevant is the finding that peptides presented by class I HLA molecules are usually derived from cytoplasmic proteins, thus the immune system can respond to internal changes in transformed cells. These advances are reviewed by McMichael, using response to influenza virus as a model. The response to virus-induced tumours is the basis for Melief and Kast's analysis of the role of peptides in T-cell recognition and the approaches that can be envisaged for peptide vaccination. The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as discussed by Rickinson and colleagues, provides another valuable model for the analysis of T-cell responses and possible mechanisms of escape through mutations that lead to the loss of viral epitopes. This is, of course, only possible so long as the mutations do not at the same time lead to a loss of the transformed phenotype. Such an escape mechanism will only be effective if there is at most one or a very small number of genes controlling potentially recognisable immune targets. When this is not the case, escape must occur by mutations affecting general immune mechanisms such as the expression of HLA class I molecules or necessary accessory molecules to T-cell recognition such as LFA-3.


When a corrugation structure is located in the bottom of original spherical-dished diaphragms, expulsion efficiency is low. In order to heighten the expulsion efficiency of diaphragms, a corrugation structure is located near a dished section. The buckling and post-buckling equilibrium configurations of original and modified diaphragms are numerically analyzed by the finite element method(FEM). By the comparison of research results about the two diaphragms, the conclusions are as follows: modified diaphragms are better for expulsion than the original ones, and the former has higher expulsion efficiency; severe eccentricity and folding problems, which are likely to cause fracture failure of the original diaphragms, do not happen in the modified ones; the maximum Von Mises stresses of modified diaphragms are much smaller than that of original ones, which indicates modified diaphragms are less probable to reach the limit stress of the material during an expulsion process.


The system for extending the rectifying area by adjusting the current of the voltage controlled oscillator (4) includes a wave generator (7) for forming a rectangular wave with a signal (VCO1) from a phase comparator (1) and a signal (VCO2) having 90 phase difference from the signal (VCO1), an in-lock detector (8) for providing summed/ difference freq. of the wave difference and a FM input signal (VFM), a low pass filter (9) for filtering a bit signal when locking a PLL (20), a comparator (10) for comparing an output of the (9) and a reference voltage (VReF1), and a ripple counter (11) for counting the clock pulse to provide the binary output, and a D/A converter (12) for converting the output of the (11).


In recent years, significant progress has been made in salient object detection. Nevertheless, there remains a need for further improvements in the effective combination of local and global perspectives. Combining global perception with the local focus can enhance the ability to capture the integrity of protruding objects while achieving accurate segmentation. In this paper, we introduce a newly proposed salient object detection network named GCA-Net, which is built upon three essential components. Firstly, we utilize atrous convolution to effectively aggregate contextual information and refine high-level semantic information via spatial pooling. Secondly, we employ 1-dim crossover operations to achieve global perception while minimizing computational effort. Lastly, We have innovatively integrated a contour-aware loss into our salient object detection task to constrain our model's predictions, leading to more accurate segmentation. After evaluating our model on the established salient object detection benchmark dataset, we conducted extensive experiments to demonstrate the exceptional performance of our method. As a result, our method achieved 1st in both Sm and MAE.