The article describes the shaping of the Solidarity's economic policy in 1989 (from the elections in June until the implementation of the assumptions of the so-called Balcerowicz plan). The analysis includes both discussions between economists who support the Solidarity movement (such as Leszek Balcerowicz, Janusz Beksiak and Ryszard Bugaj) and the influence of international financial institutions and foreign creditors of Poland (such as the International Monetary Fund). The article presents the history of adopting neoliberal patterns of transformation, such as a centrally controlled economy and free market.


Western water infrastructure was funded in the early and mid‐20th Century through federal financing through the Bureau of Reclamation. Over the past 30 years, federal financing has been less forthcoming, which has been commensurate with an increase in the need for financing rehabilitation and replacement of western irrigation infrastructure. As federal appropriations have declined, there has been increased interest in alternative approaches to infrastructure including public–private partnerships (P3s), loan guarantees, or title transfer of federal infrastructure. However, two of these approaches — P3s and loan guarantees — are precluded by existing federal budgetary policies, particularly Office of Management and Budget (OMB) scoring practices. If the OMB changed its policies for P3s or loan guarantees, private capital could play an important role in recapitalizing aging Reclamation infrastructure.


From* O'SULUVAN: The Egnatian Way. (Great Highways Series.) Pp.a 64; 9 plates, 6 figs. Newton Abbott: David & Charles, 1972. doth, £375. THESE are few pleasures so acute as arm-chair travelling and the Great Highways Series is designed to appeal to that instinct. The Egnatian Way, one of the great highroads of history linking East and West from Dyrrachium to Salonica and Constantinople, lends itself to such treatment and Mr. O'Sullivan, who apparently traversed the greater part of its 500 miles on a bicycle, is a good guide. After an opening chapter on the geography and early history of the road, he gives a detailed account of its route section by section, identifying where possible the posting-stations mentioned in the Itineraries and describing the scenery, terrain, and local population. He adds modern information about road-conditions and hotels which will help any tourist making the same pilgrimage. The second half of the book is historical rather than topographical tracing the role which the Egnatian Way played in warfare, ancient (Pharsalus, Philippi, Adrianople) and modern (The Crusades and the First World War), and travel, ancient (Cicero, St. Paul, St. Ignatius) and modern (Pierre Belon, Pouqucville, W. M. Leake, Edward Lear). The whole makes very pleasant reading, and is a fascinating introduction to the colourful patchwork of Balkan history.


This paper investigates the problem of observer-based finite-time H∞ control for a family of discrete jump nonlinear systems with time delays represented by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model. The main contribution of this paper is to design an observer-based finite-time H∞ controller such that the resulting closed-loop system is stochastic finite-time bounded and satisfies a prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level over the given finite-time interval. Sufficient criteria on stochastic finite-time H∞ stabilization via observer-based fuzzy state feedback are provided for the solvability of the problem, which can be tackled by a feasibility problem in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the validity of our contributions.


Globalization is a process of integrating the nation states by removing or minimizing the restrictions on the movement of material resources, financial resources, labor, technology and ideas. An important component of globalization in relation to education is the need for producing higher quality manpower that can successfully face the competition in the world. In this age of globalization we need to make the system of teacher education more innovative and futuristic in order to respond to the changing demands of the society. To maintain the standards and to update the quality of teacher education we require commitment and training of people concerned. The article is focused towards challenges in teacher education. This paper informs about views of teacher educators regarding challenges in teacher education in the context of globalization. For this purpose the researchers conducted survey in teacher education institute. The summary of the views of teacher educators shows that quality of teacher education is depends on quality of teaching practice, new information technology and Elearning in the age of globalization. Teacher's quality, knowledge of technology, curriculum are the important challenges faced by teacher education in the context of globalization.


This paper tries to lift some of the facts of the observations made in a relatively short time. These facts be an early indication of resource management conflicts in the village Pangumbahan, District Ciracap, Sukabumi, West Java. The results showed that the village has become the arena of struggle Pangumbahan involving various actors and interests. The conflict took place in the resource spaces turtle conservation area, coconut plantation concession areas and the coastal areas are used as Pangumbahan coastal resorts. Types of conflicts that took place in the resource space generally is a conflict of meaning, conflicts and conflicts over territory authority even agrarian conflicts. The conflict led to tensions between the actors and the conflict resulted in residents are in an unbalanced position.


We studied the thrombolytic dose-response relationship of a recombinant plasminogen activator (rPA) (BM 06.022) compared with alteplase in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis. BM 06.022 consists of the kringle 2 and protease domains of human tissue PA (tPA) and lacks oligosaccharide side chains because of its expression in Escherichia coli. Thrombus formation in anesthetized, open-chest dogs was induced by electrical injury to the intimal surface of the left circumflex coronary artery in the presence of a critical stenosis. Intravenous bolus injection of BM 06.022 (50, 100, 140, and 200 kU/kg) or of alteplase (200, 800, 1,130, and 1,600 kU/kg) 30 min after coronary occlusion to six heparinized dogs per group achieved a dose-dependent increase in reperfusion rate and decrease in residual thrombus wet weight. Vehicle-treated dogs did not reperfuse. Semilogarithmic regression analysis showed that the effective dose that produced 50% reperfusion of BM 06.022 (83 kU/kg) was 11.6-fold lower than that of alteplase (951 kU/kg). Comparison with infusion experiments showed that intravenous bolus injection of 140 kU/kg of BM 06.022 was equieffective to a 90-min infusion of 800 kU/kg (= 1 mg/kg) of alteplase as a standard treatment regarding reperfusion rate (66%) and time to reperfusion (15 ± 6 vs. 18 ± 8 min). Pharmacokinetic analysis for functionally active BM 06.022 or alteplase in plasma revealed a total plasma clearance of 4.1–6.6 ml/min/kg for BM 06.022 and of 12.6–42.3 ml/min/kg for alteplase. At equieffective treatment regimens, residual fibrinogen was not different between BM 06.022 (93 ± 1%) and alteplase (97 ± 5%) and effects of BM 06.022 and alteplase on bleeding time and platelet count were not significantly different. We conclude that, due to its slower plasma clearance, BM 06.022 has a higher thrombolytic potency than alteplase after i.v. bolus injection, but has the same degree of fibrin selectivity as alteplase in a canine model of coronary thrombosis.


As the author says, we are often ready to put up with the child's nervousness as a phenomenon of secondary importance; this is due only to the fact that those around the child do not understand the enormous influence of the abnormal nervous system on the general psychophysical development of the child. The work of Yogiches is of great interest not only for the pediatrician, but also for people working in schools and institutions for the upbringing of children. The author's extensive clinical experience and observation skills are reflected in his book.


A new interferometric technique to measure deformations of the eye in vivo is described and its application to the diagnosis of glaucoma is discussed.


This review article summarizes the recent work done in India on fossil vertebrates from the Mesozoic-early Paleogene interval, with focus on the past five years. Advances made during this period highlight the importance of India' s vertebrate fossil record in our understanding of the origin and evolutionary history of several vertebrate groups and the dynamics of intercontinental faunal dispersal and vicariance, especially in the context of India' s former position in the Gondwanaland and its subsequent separation from the dif ferent Gondwana landmasses as it moved northward to finally collide with Asia in the early Paleogene. These studies have led to a better understanding of the mode of evolution of tetrapods on the drifting Indian plate and provide independent constraints to test the traditional models favouring India' s physical isolation from all other landmasses, especially during the late Cretaceous phase of its northward drift. Recent data points to faunal interchanges between India, Africa and Europe at or near the K-Pg boundary and also suggests that the Indian landmass was the centre of origin/early evolution for several orders of modern mammals, including cetaceans (whales), perissodactyls (horses, tapirs) and primates.


The reliability of high-density enhanced ball grid array (EBGA) packages using the eight-layer Cu metallization silicon was discussed. The key failure mechanisms included the die cracking (in the vicinity of the edge) and thin film delamination. It was noticed that the failure was unique to the Cu metallization silicon. The large package body size (45 mm2) and the die size (approximately 15 mm2 ) provided additional manufacturing and reliability challenges. The die-edge defects induced during the wafer sawing process were exhibited to be the culprits of the die cracking and the thin film delamination failures. Additionally, the height of die attach fillets significantly influenced the stresses on the die edge, and the excessive fillet height was found to help extend initial cracks at the edge of the silicon. The results demonstrated the adoption of a dual-step wafer sawing scheme and resin blades would control the defects and reduce the failure rate dramatically. A mixture of low-stress encapsulation and die attach materials would help improve the overall reliability of the packages as well. The solder joint reliability of the package was very robust based on the board-level reliability testing results. The statistical analysis of the test results confirmed that most of the die cracking and thin film delamination failures were early-life failures and random. A good sample screening scheme and the process improvement procedure would help improve the reliability and insure the customer a low failure rate for the lifetime of the product. The predicted reliability of the package met the application life needs for the products with process improvement plans in place.


This special series is the outcome of the session "Predictive models in ecotoxicology: Bridging the gap between scientific progress and regulatory applicability," held at the 27th SETAC Europe annual meeting (Brussels, May 2017). In this foreword the rationale behind the special series, the reasons for proposing it, and its objectives are described briefly. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:601–603. © 2018 SETAC


This work was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal), QREN and FEDER through CFUM, CQ/UM and Project PTDC/QUI/81238/2006 cofinanced by FCT and program FEDER/COMPETE (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007467).


A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of real time nitrogen management through leaf colour chart and chlorophyll meter in wheat. The experimental results revealed that Leaf color chart ≤5 based nitrogen application recorded significantly higher growth, yield and yield attributes, which was statistically at par with leaf color chart ≤ 4, sufficiency index and leaf color chart ≤3. However, recommended nitrogen application recorded significantly highest agro physiological efficiency. Sufficiency index recorded highest benefit cost ratio (B:C) which was followed by leaf color chart ≤ 4 and leaf color chart ≤ 5.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 277-282, 2023 (June)


Summary

Recent reports in the literature indicate that incidents involving fires and explosions in the spray drying of milk products are increasing in number. Whilst milk powder is not highly explosible, the conditions for a dust explosion, apart from the ignition source are almost always present in certain areas of a spray dryer during its normal operation. Self-ignition of deposits is known to be possible at the high temperatures in a spray dryer. At best, this can cause product degradation and discolouration whilst at worst it can provide the source of ignition for an explosion. This paper is an attempt to draw together recent work on fire and explosion prevention and protection formilk powders.


We report the characteristics of Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films prepared by a highly efficient cylindrical rotating magnetron sputtering (CRMS) system for use as a transparent conducting electrode in cost-efficient bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells (OSCs). Using a rotating cylindrical type cathode with an AZO target, whose usage was above 80%, we were able to obtain a low cost and indium free AZO electrode with a low sheet resistance of ∼4.59 Ω/sq, a high transparency of 85% in the visible wavelength region and a work function of 4.9 eV at a substrate temperature of 230 °C. Moreover, the neutral poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) based OSC fabricated on the CRMS-grown AZO electrode at 230 °C showed an open circuit voltage of 0.5 V, a short circuit current of 8.94 mA cm−2, a fill factor of 45% and power conversion efficiency of 2.01%, indicating that CRMS is a promising cost-efficient AZO deposition technique for low cost OSCs.


Abstract : The January global climate simulated by the two-level Mintz-Arakawa model is presented, both in terms of the mean global patterns and the associated zonal averages. In addition to the familiar meteorological variables of pressure, temperature, wind, humidity, and precipitation, the simulated patterns of certain elements of the moisture and energy balances are also given. In general, those fields selected were ones for which global observations were available. To facilitate comparison, both the model's simulations and the observed data have been presented in a uniform format (Schutz and Gates, 1971); the difference between the two fields (the simulation error) is also given. Considering the relative simplicity of the model, the simulated climate may, in general, be considered reasonably accurate.


This research is a research development that refers to 4-D development model with stages: (a) define, (b) design stage, (c) development stage, and ( D) dissemination stage. This study aims to produce learning tools involving interpersonal intelligence that includes RPP, LKS and student books. Expert and practitioner validation results show that the student's book is valid () = (4.18), Valid LKS () = (4.18), and RPP is very valid () = (3,62). Furthermore, it is tested in Class IX-6 SMP Negeri 36 Makassar with the following results: (1) learning tools are practical with the criteria of the device fully implemented () = 1.90, (2) learning tools have been effective because it has met 3 of 4 indicators effectiveness , That is: classical thoroughness of learning result test have been reached (88,8%), teacher ability to manage learning is in high category () = (3,48), and student response is in positive category. The results of this study resulted in learning tools of mathematical cooperative setting involving interpersonal intelligence meet the criteria of validity, practicality and effectiveness. It is therefore recommended to the math teacher to implement this device on a wider scope


An anterior cervical approach completed by a bone graft is performed on a man suffering from cervico brachial neuralgia which did not improve by medical treatment and rest. During four months, the post operative course is excellent, with complete disappearance of pain and regression of the pre-existing neurological deficit. At the end of this period, the appearance of a major deficit within the field of the concerned root led to a selective brachial angiogram which revealed the existence of a radicular artery thrombosis.


The bond exciton model, developed originally for alkane molecules, is applied here to a range of alkene molecules and diene polymers. The necessary empirical parameters are derived by comparison of the theory with the vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectra of ethylene and a number of alkyl-substituted ethylenes, and these values are used to predict the energies, intensities and polarizations of the lower energy allowed valence transitions of fine diene polymers. Despite its simplicity the bond exciton model is found to give results in quite reasonable agreement with the available experimental data, and suggests that considerable excitation energy transfer may occur along the main chains of certain diene polymers.


Abstract The Sun-stimulated chlorophyll fluorescence is a small but significant property of phytoplankton which can be detected using remote-sensing techniques. Besides the influence of oceanic properties, chlorophyll fluorescence is masked by atmospheric extinction. While an increase in chlorophyll concentration of 1 mg/m3 causes an increase in the upwelling radiances of about 0·03Wm−2sr−1 μm−1 just above the water surface and due to the chlorophyll fluorescence, the upward radiances measured at λF = 685nm and at the top of the atmosphere ranges from 8 to 20Wm−2sr−1 μm−1 for realistic atmospheric turbidity variations and a solar zenith distance of Θs = 50·7°. Additionally, the fluorescence, peaking at λF = 685nm with a half-width of about 10 nm, is reduced by the absorption of O2 and H2O. However, the fluorescence signal is nearly unaffected, when wavelengths λ≥686nm are exluded and a spectral interval of ΔλF = 5nm is used for the radiance measurements.


The paper assesses the pollution of soils and grounds of green spaces in Moscow with heavy metals and de-icing agents. The analysis of literature sources indicates a decrease in integral pollution index of soils and grounds of green spaces in the city in recent years. The decrease in the integral pollution index is determined by the reduction of emissions from industrial enterprises and by the land reclamation with the replacement of the upper soil layer. At the same time, an observed increase in the lead concentrations in urban landscapes was caused by intensive automobile traffic. The lack of green territories was noted in central part of the metropolis, which is below the norm recommended by WHO (50 m2 of tree plantations per person). The processes of soil salinization and suppression of urban vegetation caused by the use of de-icing reagents are described. The literature data on the anthropogenic transformation of physical and chemical properties of soils and forms of heavy metal compounds in soils are presented. It is indicated that the study of these issues is promising for solving ecological-hygienic problems of the megalopolis. Soils of green spaces in Moscow are proposed to be divided into three groups, taking into account the genesis, ecological and geochemical state: 1) soils on artificial bulk ground of designed landscapes, 2) transformed soils with traces of past anthropogenic impact (postagrogenic soils, soils of post-settlement territories, 3) soils on the territories of parks, forest parks and forests, slightly affected by human activities and retaining the properties of natural zonal soils.


The most critical worldwide need today is an adequate supply of food and fiber for an ever-increasing human population. The ability to provide this supply depends on many factors such as weather, agricultural manpower unaffected by malaria and other debilitating diseases, availability of good seed, fertilizer, suitable equipment, pesticides, and a workable transportation and marketing system. Over the years, the advanced countries have made many improvements in handling these factors amenable to man's manipulation, and these new agricultural practices have been and are being made available to the developing countries through the concerted efforts of international organizations, aid programs, and exchanges of agricultural and medical specialists. Nevertheless, malnutrition and starvation continue to occur in many countries. particularly during periods of extensive drought. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated human deaths from starvation at over 12,000 daily, about 4.5 million per year. While these people are going hungry, approximately 30% of the world's food supply is being destroyed by pests.


The present study was conducted during 2012 and 2013 in Serabium forest. The aim of this study was to estimate tree biomass and some wood mechanical properties of Cupressus sempervirens L and Corymbia citriodora Hook. The results showed that C. citriodora was superior over C. sempervirens for most of biomass parameters (total and merchantable height, total volume, green and dry weight and total above-ground biomass) at the age of 5 and 7 years. However, the increment percentage of biomass from 5 to 7 years of age was higher in C. sempervirens than C. citriodora. Mechanical properties obtained from the static bending test, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of rupture (MOR), and Tensile strength recorded higher mean values as the trees get older while they recorded lower mean values from base to top within the tree for both species. Mean values of MOE, MOR and Ten.st. for C. sempervirens at age of 7 years old at DBH were 8128.5, 83.0 and 64.4 N/mm; respectively, while, these values were 15503.5, 158.8 and 149.0 N/mm; respectively for C. citriodora. These results revealed that, wood mechanical properties for C. citriodora were higher than C. sempervirens.


Abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that, unlike other priority pathogens identified by the WHO, is endemic to Southeast Asia. It is most commonly transmitted through exposure to saliva or excrement from the Pteropus fruit bat or direct contact with intermediate animal hosts, such as pigs. NiV infection causes severe febrile encephalitic disease and/or respiratory disease; treatment options are limited to supportive care. The serological and nucleic acid amplification techniques have been developed for NiV and are used in laboratory settings, including some early multiplex panels for differentiation of NiV infection. The rural and remote nature of NiV outbreak settings, there remains a need for rapid diagnostic tests that can be implemented at the point of care. Additionally, more reliable assays for surveillance of communities and livestock will be vital to achieving a better understanding of the fruit bat host and transmission risk to other intermediate hosts, enabling the implementation to outbreak prevention and the management of this NiV. An improved understanding of NiV viral diversity and infection kinetics or dynamics will be central to the development of new diagnostics to enable effective validation and external quality assessments


This paper presents an optimized Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal system based on the direct absorption collection concept. In this system, working fluid water and solar cell separately utilizes solar radiation at different wavelengths to achieve photothermal conversion and photoelectric conversion. The system avoids the complicated fabrication technique in conventional CPV/T systems. The thermal unit has no temperature limitation from the PV module. As the incident solar irradiance increases from 800 W/m 2 to 3,600 W/m 2 , the system can produce high grade heat, almost without sacrificing electrical efficiency (around 8.9% to 10.4%), and the total exergetic efficiency of the system increases from 12.8% to 18.4%.


A new genus and species of labroid fish, Zorzinilabrus furcatus (family Labridae) is described based on a single skeleton from the Eocene locality Bolca in northern Italy. Zorzinilabrus gen. nov. is characterized by a unique mosaic of characters, including labrid synapomorphies (such as a single supraneural, oligomerization of the caudal skeleton and pharyngognathy) and features plesiomorphic for labrids (two supernumerary dorsal-fin spines and forked caudal fin with numerous procurrent rays). In some characters Zorzinilabrus gen. nov. differs from the known Labridae, having very slender and flexible unpaired-fin spines (vs. stronger spines in labrids), as few as seven dorsal and two anal-fin spines (vs. not less than eight dorsal and three anal-fin spines in labrids), four anal-fin pterygiophores placed anterior to the second haemal spine (vs. two anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to the second haemal spine in labrids). In these characters Zorzinilabrus gen. nov. resembles basal labroids from Monte Bolca such as Tortonesia (Tortonesidae). Zorzinilabrus appears to represent the earliest branching lineage within the Labridae. A functional interpretation of the morphology of Zorzinilabrus, including the unusual forked caudal fin, suggests that Zorzinilabrus fed on plankton away from reefs or hardgrounds. This is the earliest record of planktivory within the Labroidei s.s. or Labridae.


A general scheme for analyzing nonlinear systems is presented, with measurements of the nonlinear I–V characteristics of a gold atomic contact with a mechanically controllable break junction used as an example. Simultaneous measurements of I(V) and ∂I/∂V(V) were analyzed to extract the unbiased conductance from the normalized functional form of I(V). This allows us to remove the error in the conductance measurements associated with fluctuations in the atomic structure of the system (about 5%). This demonstrates the potential of this technique to discover and subsequently understand new phenomena in nanometer scale systems, where measurements are often challenging due to noise, difficult-to-control quantities such as the atomic structure of a contact lead, and the lack of adequate, generally accepted theoretical descriptions. A discussion of the tradeoff between higher-order measurements and averaging artifacts due to nonlinearity is also included.


Summary Single-use supraglottic airway devices are now available and are intended to be comparable with the reusable LMA Classic TM laryngeal mask airway. We performed a randomised cross-over study comparing the Ambu (cid:2) AuraOnce TM Laryngeal Mask with the LMA Classic. Fifty patients part-icipated in the trial. Success rates for insertion at the first attempt were similar (92% with the Ambu and 84% with the LMA Classic; p ¼ 0.22). The volumes of air required to inflate the cuff to produce a seal were similar, but the cuff pressure was lower for the Ambu Laryngeal Mask (median (IQR [range]) 18 (10–31 [0–100] cmH 2 O) than the LMA Classic 27 (17–50 [4–90] cmH 2 O; p ¼ 0.007). Visual analogue scores for ease of insertion were 87 (73–93 [26–97]) mm for the Ambu and 84 (60–89 [18–96]) for the LMA Classic (p ¼ 0.017). Complications were similar in both groups. We suggest that the disposable Ambu Laryngeal Mask is an acceptable alternative to the reusable LMA Classic.


The intercooled recuperative gas turbine (ICR) potentially offers the advantages of higher specific power, and improved thermal efficiency compared to the recuperative gas turbine, such advantages are however contingent upon the additional parasitic encumbrances of the intercooler heat dissipation or recovery apparatus and pressure losses, plus flowpath ducting and complexity. The thermodynamic performances, relative sizing and relative costs of both an ICR and recuperative gas turbine engine, with a thermal efficiency goal approaching 40%, combined with low exhaust emission requirements were studied. The study encompassed primary candidate engine flowpath configurations comprising of single shaft, two shaft, and two spool designs, with both recuperation (R), and combined Intercooling and Recuperation (ICR). In conducting the study all engine flowpaths were sized for 300kW with a maximum turbine inlet temperature of 1837F (1000C), representative of conservative life limits for conventional un-cooled superalloy turbine rotors. Heat exchanger effectivenesses of the intercooler and recuperator were selected at 80 and 85%, as a compromise between cost, weight, and thermal efficiency considerations. The study confirmed that the simple recuperated cycle is capable of comparable peak thermal efficiency levels to the ICR provided that ICR intercooling parasitic losses are duly accounted, and furthermore has intrinsically lower manufacturing and development costs than the ICR. The cycle performance code used for the studies included prediction of engine exhaust emissions, part load characteristics, and compressor operating lines. The emissions assessment slightly favored the ICR as a consequence of its higher specific power. Assuming part load operation at variable speed and constant turbine exhaust temperature, the two spool ICR showed slightly better part load fuel economy than a recuperated engine.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


On basis of the Potential Disparity Structure Theory of Post-Colonial Languages,this paper analyzes the translation activities in Arab Empire,in Western Europe during the Crusade,and in the Empires of Liao,Xia,Jin,Yuan,and Qing.It proves the non-colonial nature of translation and puts up skepticism on the indiscriminate applications of post-colonial translation theories.


The next fifth generation mobile network (5G) is going to have a massive impact on almost new frontier technological applications in everything from smartphones to future vehicles, with highly heterogeneous, broadband access everywhere, faster speeds, lower latency and higher throughput. As moving to 5G, security architecture must also evolve, especially to seek for more efficient and secure handover authentication solutions. In this work, we design our security mechanism based on physical layer and upper layer cryptographic techniques, combining the advantages of these techniques to achieve a faster and more reliable authentication objective for 5G HetNets. In the cross-layer authentication solution, we firstly execute the handover authentication in physical-layer. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) hypothesis is adopted by exploiting the physical layer attributes of wireless channels. If it pass the initial authentication, then we implement the EAP/AKA authentication to achieve a more reliable security objective. Finally, the numerical simulation results and discussions are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.


Tire technologies are growing rapidly due to the high demand for applications in harsh environmental conditions. Solid and non-pneumatic (NP) tires are utilized in such conditions as transporting excessive loads, operating on rough surfaces, agriculture, construction industries and for military applications. These tires experience high stresses and excessive deformations due to sudden impacts and heavy loads. These factors are not easy to analyse experimentally due to complex experimental setups and high cost. Hence, the following study is focused on the characteristic comparisons of solid and NP tires by developing three dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) models under static and dynamic conditions. Initially, two FE tire models are developed for equal size of solid and NP tires. To obtain material behaviour of the tires, the suitable hyper-elastic material models are required and those are selected using a curve fitting approach. Experimental data are compared with numerical results to validate the developed models. The validated models show good agreement with experimental models. The static numerical results of the validated model show that high stresses are located in the base section of the solid tire. For NP tires, spokes and shear layer bear the stresses more than the other rubber sections. Moreover, curb impact is conducted for both tires by changing tire impact velocity. Results show that, the NP tire experiences higher impact stresses than the solid tire.


Sustainable turning is a lathe machining process to carry out production in particular by paying attention to the sustainability of machinery without reducing production output. The machining process is done by optimizing the turning process parameters when carrying out the cutting process on medium carbon steel. Some parameters affect the lathe process, including speed, feed rate, and cooling. The purpose of this study was to determine the machining conditions in order to optimize the electric power consumption and surface roughness of the medium carbon steel turning process. The research method used was experimental and analysed using the ANOVA method. From the results of the research, it was concluded that the minimum electricity consumption was obtained in the process of turning steel St 42 without cooling with a speed of 237 rpm and a feeding of 0.157 mm/rev. The lower surface roughness was obtained in the turning process of St 60 steel with a rotation speed of 840 rpm and a feed rate of 0.157 mm/rev. The results of data analysis using ANOVA analysis method to get optimal conditions in order to minimum power demand and low surface roughness at 425 rpm of speed and 0.052 mm/rev of feed rate.


Anthraquinone is nitrated with nitrating agent in the presence of sodium salt to form 1-nitroanthraquinone in 86.4% purity. The factors influencing the reaction are discussed.The reaction conditions are recommended as follows: that mass ratio of anthraquinone to nitric acid(99%) to sulfuric acid(98%) to phosphoric acid to sodium salt 1∶2.2∶1∶0.5∶0.02 , the reaction mixture reacted at 20℃ for 3h . After purification by organic solvent ,the total yield is 71.4% with 98.1% purity.The title compound is identified by gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph-mass spectroment.


THE READING TEACHER: The Giver, your second Newbery award-winning book in 4 years, is an unusual story. Did you draw from your own life for any of its elements? LOWRY: Somewhat, yes. This book was be ginning when my mother was clearly at the end of her life, and at that time what she want ed to do was tell me her history. During the course of those many months, I began to think on a subliminal level of the importance for people to pass along their memories to the next generation. There was also something else happening at the same time. I was traveling a great deal, and I would wake up in a hotel room that looked like all other hotel rooms. For a mo ment I wouldn't remember where I was. Then I would look out of the window and that was


In this study, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) based on applying low density organic solvents combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of mononitrotoluenes (MNTs) in water samples. In this method, the fine droplets of toluene were formed and dispersed in the sample with the help of ultrasonic waves which accelerated the formation of the fine cloudy solution without using disperser solvents. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency such as the nature and volume of organic solvent, extraction temperature, ionic strength and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Using optimum extraction conditions, dynamic linear ranges of 0.5-500 μg L-1, and limit of detections (LOD) of 0.3 μg L-1 were obtained for o-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of MNTs in the water samples in the range of micrograms per liter with relative standard deviations (RSD) < 12%.


Majoranas in semiconductor nanowires can be probed via various electrical measurements. Tunnel spectroscopy reveals zero-bias peaks in the differential conductance. These zero-bias peaks have a particular dependence on magnetic field (amplitude and direction) and electron density. This dependence allows to falsify many alternative theories for the observations. New challenges include a direct demonstration of topological protection, which is provided by a parity protection: How stable is the system's occupation in terms of an even or an odd number of quasi-particles? We demonstrate that the quasi-particle parity in a superconducting Cooperpair box can be stable over timescales of minutes. To demonstrate this protection for Majoranas it is crucial that the induced superconducting gap has negligible sub-gap states. To obtain such hard gaps under Majorana conditions currently forms the most important challenge. We report on progress in optimizing materials and measurement techniques.


We have reported the laser operation of a short-wavelength ultraviolet laser diode with multiple quantum wells composed of GaN well layers. The GaN well-width is estimated to be around 1–1.5 nm. We have simulated whole laser-diode structure, and calculated wave-function overlap integrals. It is provided the integral becomes the maximum value in the well-width of 1.5 nm. The laser operation has been achieved in 340-nm-band under the pulsed current mode at room temperature. The wavelength is far from the wavelength corresponding to band gap of GaN, and the shortest lasing wavelength ever reported for a semiconductor laser composed of binary compound well layer. Moreover, the device has been realized on an Al0.2Ga0.8N underlying layer with 0.1 lower AlN mole fraction margin than that of a previous reported 342 nm laser-diode with an Al0.3Ga0.7N underlying layer. These results provide a chance to the next stage for a shorter-wavelength ultraviolet laser diode.


This paper deals with methods and approaches of heterogeneo us m delling and its application in risk analysis and modelling. Risk analysis is o ne of many tools for security improvement. The main idea of that is based on analysis of gathered in formation about observed company and following searching for some group of countermeasures w hich can reduce a risk. We start this paper by describing modern aspects of heterogeneity in comp uter modelling and we continue with an overview of risk analysis in heterogeneous manner.


The structure and photostability of ternary methyl methacrylate copolymers with methacrylic acid and metal (sodium, barium, lead, and erbium) methacrylates colored by Rhodamine 6G were studied. It was established that, compared with methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer, metal-containing copolymers and the dye incorporated into these copolymers are characterized by higher photostability, which increases in the sequence Na 1+ < Ba 2+ < Pb 2+ <Er 3+ , depending on the nature of the salt cation. In addition to the direct photostabilizing action of salt groups, the observed effect can be related to the structural features of the copolymers. In the above sequence, the structure of the copolymers changes from linear to lightly cross-linked, the (stereo)regularity of macromolecular chains increases, as shown for the sodium methacrylate copolymer, and the dimensions and number of the ordered supermolecular structures grow. These changes create more favorable conditions for the dissipation and transfer of photoexcitation energy of macromolecules. It is demonstrated that lead and erbium methacrylate copolymers show promise as laser-active media.


Received: December 6, 2018 Accepted: December 13, 2018 Corresponding author: Hyun-Ghang Jeong E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com © Korean Medical Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by a cluster of symptoms and signs that manifest as difficulties in cognitive functions such as memory, psychological and psychiatric changes, and impairments in activities of daily living. As a result of worldwide trends of population aging, dementia has had a huge impact on public health in almost all countries. Disease modification therapies for dementia have not yet been developed. However, pharmacotherapy is essential in patients with dementia to combat delays in their cognitive and functional decline. In this article, we review the current pharmacotherapy for dementia. Three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors— donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine—and memantine are the only medications that have been approved for the treatment of dementia. We present the indications, dose recommendations, side effects, and criteria for National Health Insurance coverage in Korea of these medications for dementia treatment. Although the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea has not approved any medications for managing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, some antipsychotics and antidepressants have been studied and used clinically for those purposes. Clinicians may consider vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba extract, choline alfoscerate, or omega-3 fatty acids as additional treatment options. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, estrogen hormone therapy, and statins are not generally recommended for dementia treatment. We believe that our findings will aid clinicians in the treatment of patients with cognitive decline.


A helical ring (10) of a turbomachine comprising an annular body (11) substantially coaxial with a main axis (A) and a plurality of radial recesses (12) uniformly distributed around the main axis (A) , each radial housing (12) being configured to receive a foot (14) of a blade (P), the annular body (11) being made of a composite material comprising fiber reinforcement densified by a matrix polymer and further comprising a plurality of metal inserts (20) each configured to receive the foot (14) of a blade (P), said metal inserts (20) being anchored in the composite material of the annular body (11).


Human milk is a complex fluid with nutritive and non-nutritive functions specifically structured to cover the needs of the newborn. The present study started with the study of carotenoid composition during progress of lactation (colostrum, collected at 3–5 d postpartum; mature milk, collected at 30 d postpartum) with samples donated from full-term lactating mothers (women with no chronic diseases, nonsmokers on a regular diet without supplements, n = 30). Subsequently, we applied an in vitro protocol to determine the micellarization efficiency of the carotenoids, which were separated by HPLC and quantified by the external standard method. That in vitro protocol is tailored for the biochemistry of the digestive tract of a newborn. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of carotenoids micellar contents, obtained in vitro. This study reveals, from the in vitro perspective, that colostrum and mature milk produce significant micellar contents of carotenoids despite lipids in milk are within highly complex structures. Indeed, the lactation period develops some influence on the micellarization efficiency, influence that might be attributed to the dynamics of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) during the progress of lactation.


Independence is the fundamental principle of the internal audits. In this article, through investigating and researching and on the base of the deep comprehension of the internal audits, independence, the author puts forward how to persist in it and what problems must be disposed of during the course. So this article is of important practical significance.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of adolescent's outdoor sportswear brand selection attributes and brand affect on brand word of mouth. Questionnaires containing 32 statements were proved valid by a total of 249 high school student boys in Busan. Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's α was used to test the validity and reliability of each variable. Correlation analysis and structure equation modeling analysis was used to analyze on causal relationship of each variables. The statistical methods as above mentioned were applied by employing the SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 version for the statistical analysis. For all analysis an alpha level of .05 were used for the research questions. The results of this study are as follows; First, for the effects of outdoor sportswear brand selection attributes on brand affect, functional, symbolic and participatory has a positive effect on brand affect. But aesthetic has a negative effect on brand affect. Second, for the effects of brand affect on brand word of mouth, the brand affect has a positive effect on the brand word of mouth. And, there are causal relations among outdoor sportswear brand selection attributes, brand affect, and brand word of mouth. outdoor sportswear brand selection attributes was indirectly effected by brand word of mouth.


Based on the research of water lever regulator of steam-power plant's main condenser,this paper explains the relation between correlative dimension and different fault by applying MATLAB programs to compute the correlative dimension of different signals.The result proves that different signals have different correlative dimension. Therefore,the fractal theory is an effective method in fault diagnosis of water level regulator of main condenser.


. We extend a well–known result of H. Fujita and H. Morimoto [1] to exterior domains of R m , with m ≥


Transmittances and scattering intensities were measured in SrTi18O3 to clarify the process of the formations of grained ferroelectric domains. On cooling through T c the transmittance starts to decrease and the scattering intensities starts to increase from a few degrees above T c. These results suggest that polar nano clusters, which exist in even well above T c, start to grow above T c and on further cooling they percolate with other grains with the same polarization direction forming the grained ferroelectric domains. The size of the grained ferroelectric domains is estimated to reach a few hundreds of nanometer at very low temperatures.


The study of politeness is crucial to the study of social interaction. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the speech of 20 Iranian native speakers from the south of Iran in order to investigate the extent of politeness in their speech. In order to elicit the participants' speech, a researcher-made discourse completion task was used.  In order to analyze the data, Brown and Levinson's (1987) faced-based model was used. The results of the test indicated that Iranian native speakers' speeches were polite and the participants used negative and bald strategies in their interactions more than other strategies. The study showed that Iranian speakers use politeness strategies when required.


Highlight: Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) fed to sheep by stomach pump to study its abortifacient properties during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy produced no reproductive difficulties. However, big sagebrush was lethal when % lb was fed by this method daily for 1, 2, or 3 days. Sagebrush fed 54' lb daily and slowly increased to % lb daily was not toxic. These findings confirm many general reports of suspected sagebrush toxicity and indicate the need for caution in moving sheep rapidly onto big sagebrush areas. Juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) fed to sheep in 1 lb daily amounts in an interrupted series of feedings totaling 30 days in the 2nd and early 3rd trimester of pregnancy caused abortion in 2 sheep and birth of a weak lamb from a 3rd sheep. Attempts to confirm these findings by feeding juniper to other sheep during gestation days 60 to 90 were unsuccessful. sagebrush (A. tridentata), which includes several sub and cross species, may be found on a variety of soil types at elevations of 2,00010,000 feet and is heavily utilized as food by both domestic and wild ruminants. At many lower elevations sheep may graze for 5-7 months of the year on winter ranges composed almost entirely of big sagebrush (Cook et al., 1954). Another sagebrush, black sagebrush (A. nova), considered in many areas to be a climax plant, is highly palatable to sheep and has long been classed a valuable browse plant (Hutchings, 1954). It, thus, is sought and utilized highly by sheep. Additionally, wild ruminants, especially deer, are forced in many areas of the West to rely more and more on sagebrush and juniper as major winter maintenance plants. Sagebrush species have long been suspected of being toxic


Virtual laboratories has become a standard part of education and research. Although nowadays there exist many examples how to build them it is still advantageous to create new solutions that are universal, more flexible and comfortable to use. This paper describes the design of a new application developed for the purpose of virtual laboratories. It is based on the Microsoft .NET technology and Matlab/Simulink platform. In comparison with older versions the new one uses new progressive methods of .NET technology and REST architecture for communication. This allows simplification of its construction, easy modification according to new requirements as well as a simple creation of client applications. Moreover the designed application is integrated with Moodle e-learning system environment that enables comfortable access for its registered users. The new virtual laboratory application facilities will be demonstrated on several dynamical systems. The architecture of the designed solution consists of three main components: server, Moodle and browser (Fig. 1). The server includes Matlab COM Automation server that enables to run the Matlab application and exchange data with it using COM technology. Further the server communicates with Moodle using ASP.NET Web API framework. The server is written in C# programming language. Moodle (in the role of a client) communicates with the server using GET and POST methods and it also communicates with a browser as a backend using JSON objects. Moodle uses PHP scripts to generate dynamical Web pages. Finally the browser interprets the Web pages consisting of HTML code and asynchronous JavaSript language with JQuery library. The resulting Web application for the virtual laboratory provides users with description of dynamical models, displaying corresponding block diagrams, setting parameters, performing simulations, displaying numerical results, showing graphs, animations and video of dynamical systems responses.


ABSTRACT We examined whether listeners use acoustic correlates of voicing to resolve lexical ambiguities created by whispered speech in which a key feature, the voicing, is missing. Three associative priming experiments were conducted. The results showed a priming effect with whispered primes that included an intervocalic voiceless consonant (/petal/ "petal") when the visual targets (FLEUR "flower") were presented at the offset of the primes. A priming effect emerged with whispered primes that included a voiced intervocalic consonant (/pedal/ "pedal") when the delay between the offset of the primes and the visual targets (VELO "bike") was increased by 50 ms. In none of the experiments, the voiced primes (/pedal/) facilitated the processing of the targets (FLEUR) associated with the voiceless primes (/petal/). Our results suggest that the acoustic correlates of voicing are used by listeners to recover the intended words. Nonetheless, the retrieval of the voiced feature is not immediate during whispered word recognition.


Data were obtained from 57 Yorkshire (Y), 44 Landrace (LD), 39 Lacombe (LC), 34 Hampshire (H), 21 Duroc (D), 19 Berkshire (B), and 7 Large Black (LB) gilts farrowing crossbred litters by LD, LC, H, D, B, LB and Tamworth (T) boars in a half polyallel mating design. The traits studied were weight at puberty, number of normal teats, number of services per conception, gestation period, litter size and weight at birth, 21 days and weaning (35 days), average pig weight, mortality rate at birth and during suckling, and change in dam's weight during nursing. The effect of breed of dam was significant (P < 0.01) on all traits studied except weight at puberty, number of services per conception and mortality rates at birth and during suckling. Gestation period was significantly longer for B, LB and Y than for sows of other breeds. LB sows had the smallest and B the lightest litters, while the largest and heaviest litters at birth, 21 days and weaning were those from LC and Y sows. LC, LD and Y sows had more teats an...


Osteoporosis is a diminution of hard bone substance without obvious changes in its chemical or histologic composition. Generalized osteoporosis is evident most readily in those bone regions which are predominantly cancellous, such as the vertebrae, sacrum, sternum, ribs and iliac crests. While osteoporosis may be secondary to other diseases, as in thyrotoxicosis and Cushing's syndrome, the etiology, for the most part, is obscure. Study of this disease has been hindered by the difficulty in its quantitative assessment. It has been shown that the calcium content of bone salt is remarkably constant,L and the expression of calcium weight per unit volume of bone remains the parameter by which other measurements should be judged. Radiologic examination of vertebral bone slabs has been closely correlated with calcium analysis by Caldwell and Collins in ioo necropsied patients.2 The normal interposition of soft tissues has been shown by Fusi3 to require the extraction of 6o per cent of calcium from vertebrae before marked radiologic changes appear. For clinical purposes there have been developed methods using ratios of cortical thickness to shaft diameter of tubular bones and of anterior to central vertebral body heights.4 Bone biopsy using trephined material from the iliac crest has been graded visually by Beck and Nordin, as an index of osteoporosis.5 The crude assessment of vertebrae at necropsy by visual examination and finger pressure is unreliable, and the histologic examinations of routine bone sections is also suspect. The purpose of the present study was to examine the vertebrae and iliac crests in a random necropsy series using a histologic method with a minimum of subjective interpretation and one which would show a significant correlation with vertebral calcium concentration.


Despite comprising only 2.2% of the area of the Northern Territory, estuaries are major repositories of biodiversity; 40% of all fishes recorded from the Northern Territory occur in estuaries and 33% of all northern Australian freshwater fishes require access to estuaries to breed. Estuaries are vital nursery areas for many fish species including many that are of economic importance. Importantly, northern Australian estuaries are in overwhelmingly good ecological condition, in stark contrast to elsewhere.


Compared to resource economies, geo-politics and migration, the internet has not received much attention as a factor in China-Africa relations. This is unfortunate, not only because its influence is growing larger and more complex daily, but also because it increasingly affects many other aspects shaping the relationship. In particular, the internet plays an important role in shaping the international discourse about China-Africa relations; because of online archives it also provides an opportunity to make the development of this discourse understandable to newcomers. This article is an attempt to take a first step towards analysing the value of online resources in providing African students greater insight in China-Africa relations. In particular, it will focus on one set of resources: The China-Africa Project (CAP) and its related China in Africa Podcast.


Abstract A new mite, Bryobia mirmoayedii n. sp. (Tetranychidae), is described and illustrated based on females, a male and larvae collected from the grass, Poa bulbosa L. (Poaceae), in Rijabin Kermanshah Province, Iran.


Microstructure development and phase formation processes during sintering of silicon carbide based materials with AlN-Y2O3, AlN-Yb2O3, and AlN-La2O3 sintering additives were investigated. Densification of the materials occurred by liquid-phase sintering mechanism. Proportion of a- and b-SiC powders in the initial mixtures was a variable parameter, while the molar ratio of AlN/RE2O3, and the total amount of additives (10 vol. %) were kept constant. Shrinkage behavior during sintering in interrelation with the starting composition of the material and the sintering atmosphere was investigated by high temperature dilatometry. Kinetics of b-SiC to a-SiC phase transformation during post-sintering heat treatment at temperatures 1900-1950 °C was studied, the degree of phase transformation being determined by quantitative x-ray analysis using internal standard technique. Evolution of microstructure resulting from b-SiC to a-SiC transformation was followed up by scanning electron microscopy on polished and chemically etched samples. Transformation-controlled grain growth mechanism similar to the one observed for silicon nitride based ceramics was established. Possibility of in-situ platelet reinforced dense SiC-based ceramics fabrication with improved mechanical properties by means of sintering was shown.


Objective To discuss the image features and differential diagnosis of material hemangioblastoma in CT.Methods CT features of 13 cases with cerebellar material hemangioblastoma proved by operation and pathology were reviewed retrospectively.Results All of cases appears in the forms of material tumor,a few of which have putrescenced,material tumor had obvious enhancement.Conclusion The worth of CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis in cerebellar material hemangioblastoma is high.To improve the success rate,the patient's history,tumor site,number,the characteristics of contrast enhancement and other imaging data should be combined.


This paper applied an artificial intelligence methodology for streamflow prediction in a flash flood in Pinang catchment based on TOPMODEL input and output data sets. TOPMODEL is a semi-distributed rainfall runoff model widely used in numerous water resource applications. However, literature has indicated relative weakness in TOPMODEL performances in streamflow prediction. Thus, radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) has been employed to improve the accuracy of streamflow prediction and then compared with TOPMODEL and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) performances. Four years of daily hydro-meteorological data sets (for the period between 2007 to 2010) were used for calibration and validation analysis. The results have shown an improvement from 0.749 and -19.2 of the calibration period to 0.957 and 0.001, and from 0.774 and -19.84 of the validation period to 0.956 and -3.611 of Nash-Sutcliffe model (NS) and Relative Volume Error (RVE), respectively. RBF-NN performance has been established to improve the daily streamflow prediction; however, the MLP-NN was better in contrast with the involved method in the study. It can be concluded that TOPMODEL performance showed a high ability to simulate the peaks compared with both AI methodologies.


Steviol glycosides were recently approved as food additives in the EU. Steviol glycosides (SVGly's) are extracts from the shrub Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni and are a very large family of more than 30 compounds, differing from each other in the number and identity of sugar moieties attached to the diterpene steviol. The main SVGly's, Stevioside (Ste) and Rebaudioside A (RebA) are about 300 times sweeter than common table sugar. This very large group of similar compounds poses an interesting challenge to the analytical chemist. The automatic column coupler, described by Cabooter et al. (2010) was used to optimize the resolution and separation of SVGly's. Several Acquity BEH C18 columns (dp = 1.7 µm) were coupled in series. The total column length ranged between 5 and 25 cm. Various gradients of aqueous formic or phosphoric acids (0.1%) – ACN were run on the shortest column (5 cm) allowing a rapid choice of the best gradient conditions. The best gradient was repeated on longer column combinations, allowing a separation of 26 peaks on 20 cm support. An attempt was made to identify some of the unknown peaks using MS/MS. Acknowlegdement:


A method for maintaining a connection in a telecommunications sys- tem and a telecommunications system comprising a wireless access network (20) providing a wireless access interface (21) for wireless terminals (10), and a first element (70) of the telecommunications system, wherein a wireless terminal (10) may set up a connection to the first element (70) through the wire- less access interface (21), wherein the system further comprises a second element (40) of the telecommunications system located between the wireless access interface (21) and the first element (70), wherein the second element (40) comprises means adapted to detect setting up of the connection between the wireless terminal (10) and the first element (70), and means adapted to send keep-alive messages to the first element (70) after detecting the setting up of the connection between the wireless terminal and the first element. (Figure 1)


An apparatus is described for measuring the index of refraction as a function of temperature throughout the visible wavelength region. The apparatus has an accuracy of 1×10−4 in determining the index and has the flexibility to be modified to measure indices at nonvisible wavelengths. The performance and theory of operation are discussed.


This paper describes the joint participation of University of Helsinki and Aalto University to two shared tasks of WMT 2020: the news translation between Inuktitut and English and the low-resource translation between German and Upper Sorbian. For both tasks, our efforts concentrate on efficient use of monolingual and related bilingual corpora with scheduled multi-task learning as well as an optimized subword segmentation with sampling. Our submission obtained the highest score for Upper Sorbian -> German and was ranked second for German -> Upper Sorbian according to BLEU scores. For English–Inuktitut, we reached ranks 8 and 10 out of 11 according to BLEU scores.


In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for computer-aided engineering (CAE) of rectangular aperture arrays that takes advantage of semantic grid computing technologies. This allows the implementation of the CAE environment in a service-oriented framework, where CAE applications are built up at run time, by exploiting remote services through the grid. The identification and localization of remote services and their orchestration is simplified by semantic facilities, centered around a CAE ontology. This provides a structured, conceptual representation of hardware and software resources, including CAE services, which is understandable both by humans and software agents. The implemented prototype demonstrates how semantic grids satisfy the strong need for cooperation tools in the CAE of microwave circuits and antennas, and represents an effective pathway towards the automatic generation of design tools, attained by integrating electromagnetic software available through the Web.


The neurons which innervate the small common hairs of the mystacial pad are shown to be located in the dorsomedial part of the ganglion of Gasser. In ganglia atrophied as a consequence of early destruction of vibrissae follicles, neurons that innervate these small hairs are still active.


The assessment of the public policy achievements has been stressed by increasingly more and more countries,among which,Korea,Japan,the United States and France are relatively typical examples.To learn and use for reference the experiences of the overseas practices of this type,it is imperative for us to bring their experiences into the assessment system of our government achievements and treat them as an important content on the basis of raising our understanding on their importance.Meanwhile,it is also essential to strengthen the establishment of the system of legal institutions and the cultivation of specialized personnel and setting-up of specialized bodies.We have to raise the degree of aim clearness and effectiveness,broaden the public engagement and enhance transparency in the assessment work by scientifically employing the methods of assessment.


An unintentionally doped AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT applied to microwave communication system(MCS)is investigated by solving Poisson equations in self-consistent solution and simulation of TCAD software.The influence of two-dimensional electron gas and transconductance on device structure parameter is obtained by calculation.Combining with results of theory analysis and simulation results,the optimization structure Al0.29Ga0.71N/AlN/GaN HEMT is proposed.The simulation results show that the device with gate length of 0.3 μm and gate width of 100 μm has the maximum transconductance of 418 mS/mm and the maximum current density of 2 300 mA/mm.


The present invention relates to a load-doped graphene PtRu electrocatalyst alloy nanoparticles and a preparation method. The technical scheme is: graphene oxide :H2PtCl6 · 6H2O:RuCl3 · 3H2O as the starting material mass ratio of 70 to 90:15 stirred 65:5 ~ 40 ~ uniform, urea or boric acid was added thereto, and stirred at 20 ~ at 60 ℃ thermostat and dried to obtain a precursor; the precursor is milled, the milled obtained after the precursor powder is a solid phase reaction 5 ~ 120min, cooled in an inert atmosphere and 400 ~ 1000 ℃ conditions, to give a black solid powder; the black solid powder is ground, washed, and dried, to obtain graphene doped alloy nanoparticles supported PtRu electrocatalysts; wherein, PtRu alloy is 10 ~ 30wt%, doped graphene 70 ~ 90wt%. The present invention has simple process and low power consumption characteristics, high catalytic activity of the prepared product, good stability, a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles and the particle size control.


Objectives: To compare alcohol secondhand effects among US and Korean students. Methods: Nationally representative 4-year colleges of two countries were involved in this cross-national comparison study. Data from the 2001 U.S. College Alcohol Study and the 2003 Korean College Alcohol Study came from 120 colleges in 38 U.S. states and the District of Columbia and 60 colleges in Korea. Randomly selected 4-year college students from the U.S. (10,924) and Korea (2,385) participated in the study using self-reports of alcohol use and perceptions of drinking as assessed by College Alcohol Study questionnaires. Results: Korean students were tend to more likely to have being a victim of sexual assault or date rape, having to take care of drunken students and finding vomit in the hall or bathroom of residence, than US students, while US students were tend to more likely to have being insulted or humiliated, having a serious argument and quarrel, being pushed, hit, or assaulted, having study/sleep interrupted, and experiencing an unwanted sexual advance than Korean students. Conclusion: In general, US students were more likely to suffer interrelationship problems after drinking while Korean students were more likely to have physical and individual drinking related problems.


Exercise 4.2. Consider the problem CLIQUE: Input: An undirected graph G and some k ∈ N Question: Does there exists a clique in G of size at least k? Suppose CLIQUE can be solved in time T (n) for some T : N → N with T (n) ≥ n for all n ∈ N. Furthermore, show that then the optimisation problem Input: An undirected graph G Compute: A clique in G of maximal size can be computed in time O(n · T (n)). You can assume that T is monotone.


Introduction: Carbon is present in various forms in the Earth's upper mantle (carbonateor diamondbearing mantle xenoliths, carbonatite magmas, CO 2 emissions from volcanoes...). Moreover, there is enough carbon in chondritic material to stabilize carbonates into the mantles of Mars or Venus as well as in the Earth. However, the interactions with iron have to be constrained, because Fe is commonly thought to buffer oxygen fugacity into planetary mantles. [1] and [2] show evidences of the stability of clinopyroxene Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 + magnesite (Mg,Fe)CO 3 in the Earth's mantle around 6GPa (about 180km). The stability of oxidized forms of carbon (like magnesite) depends on the oxygen fugacity of the system. In the Earth's mantle, the maximum carbon content is 10000 ppm [3]. The fO2 parameter varies vertically as a function of pressure, but also laterally because of geodynamic processes like subduction. Thus, carbonates, graphite, diamond, C-rich gases and melts are all stable forms of carbon in the Earth's mantle. [4] show that the fO2 variations observed in SNC meteorites can be explained by polybaric graphite-CO-CO 2 equilibria in the Martian mantle. [5] inferred from thermodynamic calculations that the stable form of carbon in the source regions of the Martian basalts should be graphite (and/or diamond). After [6], a metasomatizing agent like a CO2-rich melt may infiltrate the mantle source of nakhlites. However, according to [7] and [8], the FeO wt% value in the Martian bulk mantle is more than twice that of the Earth's mantle (KLB-1 composition by [9]). As iron and carbon are two elements with various oxidation states, Fe/C interaction mechanisms must be considered. Experimental Method: The starting mixture was prepared using 50 mol% of natural magnesite (MgCO 3) and 50 mol% of synthetic diopside glass (CaMgSi2O6). Fe/C ratios – and therefore, redox conditions – were changed by various methods: (1) replacing magnesite by natural siderite (FeCO 3), (2) adding Fe metal powder to the system (two iron contents were tested, Table 1) and (3) using an internal graphite capsule. Experiments were performed in a piston-cylinder apparatus at 1.8 GPa – 1100 °C (Martian mantle temperature), 1200 °C and 1300 °C (Earth's mantle temperature). fO 2 in the samples is not known, but for experiments using graphite capsule and containing FeO bearing melts, FMQ-2 to FMQ-3 is expected [10]. Results: Phase relations. The assemblage clinopyroxene + magnesite is destabilized to form olivine (ol), clinopyroxene (cpx), calcite (cc), iron-oxides (Fe-ox), graphite (Gr) and melt in various proportions (Fig.1, Table 1). Three experiments were run above the liquidus. The fraction of melts is higher in the samples of the DS series of experiments than in the DM series. At 1300 °C, liquidus is passed only in the DS series. On contrary, the presence of iron metal makes the melt disappear in the two series of experiments at 1100 °C.


The experiment on five varieties of potatoes was performed to investigate the time-variation pattern of browning of potato cutlet exposed to the air and a one-dimensional quadratic regress equation of time-variation was set up.The result showed that there was correlation of potato browning intensity with its exposing time in open air.The time had significant impact on the browning of potato(P 0.01),the browning intensity of potatoes was increased as the exposure time extended,and the varieties of potatoes had significant impact on the browning(P0.01),also.


Isoproterenol and salbutamol caused relaxation of guinea-pig trachea, and generation of PGE2. The phenomenon appears to be specific for beta-adrenergic agonists since the relaxant activity induced by atropine, theophylline and papaverine was not associated with generation of prostaglandin-like material from tracheal smooth muscles. Indomethacin reduced only slightly the relaxation of the tracheal tissue induced by isoproterenol and salbutamol. The possibility is discussed that the increased arachidonic acid metabolism during trachea beta-adrenergic relaxation represents a metabolic event involving phospholipid methylation and membrane fluidity.


OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Kanglaite combined with chemical therapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer.METHODS:70 patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group(n=35).Both groups were given GP regime of chemical therapy.Treatment group were additionally treated with Kanglaite.Clinical efficacy,quality of life and adverse reactions of 2 groups were observed.RESULTS:Recent response rate were 54.29% for treatment group and 37.14% for control group,there were statistical significance in difference between 2 groups(P0.05).Response rate of KPS were 65.71% for treatment group and 42.86% for control group,there were statistical significance in difference between 2 groups(P0.05).The common adverse reactions of 2 groups were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reaction,but the severity of the reactions in treatment group were more slight than in control group,there were statistical significance in difference between 2 groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Kanglaite combined with chemotherapy can improve clinical efficacy of therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer,reduce the toxic adverse reaction and improve the quality of life.


The article analyzes the effects of the environmental function of forest property in Brazil, based on recent decisions by the Superior Court of Justice on the delimitation of property content and the appropriateness of compensation referring to restrictions on the use of protected forest areas. The aim is to demonstrate that there was a significant redefinition of the dogmatic institute of indirect expropriation and a strong conditioning of the owners' right to compensation. The jurisprudential and doctrinal bases of the social and environmental function of real estate in Germany are also discussed, in the context of forest protection and conservation, in order to compare the feasibility and coherence of the solutions adopted in the two countries. The research makes use of bibliographical and documentary survey, based on theoretical models, normative provisions and court-judged cases. It is concluded that the national legal system of forest protection has already advanced a lot, but it still needs to improve its instrumental framework, including on the basis of other legal systems' experiences.


A process for prepg. the title compds. having formula (I), its geometrical isomers and optical antipode or its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addn. salts comprises (i) converting benzoyl piperidine into its oxime derivs., (ii) converting into Oalkanoyl oxime by O-acylation and (iii) ring-closing with base. In the formula, R=H, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, OH or CN, X=lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen or OH, m=0, 1 or 2. (I) are useful as anodyne.


Introduction In 1985, the Great Lakes Water Quality Board identified persistent toxic pollutants as the principal issue confronting the Great Lakes, and developed a list of eleven "Critical Pollutants" deserving an early focus by remedial action programs. This newsletter continues the examination of recent medical literature on selected persistent organic pollutants from this list, including DDT, dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene. Recent literature includes mortality studies for organochlorine manufacturing workers, reports of organochlorine residues in tissues of diseased and healthy persons, and morbidity studies among termiticide-exposed populations. The literature was identified by searching computerized data bases (NIOSHTIC, National Library of Medicine) and is not limited to Great Lakes populations. Literature specifically related to breast cancer and the estrogenic effects of xenobiotics as well as additional literature on mirex and hexachlorobenzene, will be reviewed in a subsequent issue. Organochlorine Residues in Normal and Diseased States Investigators in Germany have carried out a series of studies to measure the levels of organochlorine pesticides (termed chlorinated hydrocarbons by these authors) in normal and diseased bone marrow, and in other tissues in normal and diseased states. All studies were conducted in Germany. In the first, the authors attempt to address the question whether these agents, many of which have mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic effects in animals, contribute to pediatric tumors and malformations. They analyzed fat samples taken from 262 children and adolescents aged zero to 18 years. The samples were collected during operations required for other reasons. The children were divided into three groups: Group A, 183 healthy children (babies and children operated on primarily for inguinal hernia or inguinal testis), including 12 neonates sampled before the first meal; Group B, 46 patients with malignant tumors (neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, and others); and Group C, 33 babies and children with congenital malformations or benign tumors (renal and urethral malformation, lipoma, lymphangioma and others). The specimens were analyzed for PCB's, DDT and metabolites, HCH isomers and cyclodienes. The results showed that alpha-, beta-, and gamma-HCH, dieldrin, p,p'-DDE, total PCB and certain PCB isomers various were detected in either all or most samples. Heptachlor was detected in approximately half of samples. The highest levels were found for total PCB, DDT, HCB and HCH isomers. Of the cyclodienes, only dieldrin was detected at significant levels. The concentrations of PCB, DDT, and HCB were highest in neonates who not yet been fed, were significantly lower in infants six months old, and rose again to neonatal levels at the end of the first year of life. The concentrations changed little in the older childhood age groups. There were no significant differences in CHC concentrations between normal children and either babies with malignant tumors or babies with congenital malformations or benign tumors. The authors interpret the drop in concentrations between birth and six months to CHC distribution in the disproportionately increased body fat relative to nonfat tissue, and the apparent rise in the second half of the first year to the decrease in relative fat mass. The steady concentrations during the rest of childhood are interpreted as intake of CHC's which corresponds to the increase in fat occurring with age. Noting the small sample size, the authors warn against using these negative results to conclude that there is no association between CHC levels and tumor or malformation in children.


This paper presents the results of a study of molecular models consisting of single molecules of 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-hexadecyloxyphenyl) porphine (PP), their dimers, as well as a complex of a PP molecule with H3PO4, by methods DFT.


In this paper an analysis of the classical high-order Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) scheme is presented in comparison with an improved ESC variant proposed here. The proposed ESC scheme is based on a band-pass filter instead of the series combination of high-pass and low-pass filters used in the classical ESC scheme. The relation between the search speed and the derivatives of the unknown input-to-output map and the cutoff frequencies of the band-pass filter is shown. The analytical results are validated by the simulation performed. Also, the ratio of the search speed is estimated analytically during the search speed based on the derivatives of the unknown input-to-output map. The performance of the proposed ESC scheme related to the search speeds is clearly highlighted in this paper based on the ratio of these search speeds that are computed and estimated by simulation, too. I. INTRODUCTION In general, a nonlinear dynamic plant has an unknown input-to-output map, y = f(x), having one or more extremes (maximums or minimums). Usually, in the stationary regime, the energy sources such as renewable (Photovoltaic (PV) panels, Wind Turbines (WT), etc.) or Fuel Cells (FC) type have only one Maximum Power Point (MPP) related to the control variable used (the current or voltage) [1, 2] (Figure 1). This MPP must be tracked in dynamic regime, too [3, 4]. The MPP tracking (MPPT) algorithms were intensively developed for different areas of the PV panels [5]. The nonlinear behavior of the PV systems in shading conditions could generate rapid variations of the MPP (with solar irradiance level and temperature) that can generate multiple extremes, which complicates the tracking of the global MPP. A variety of MPPT algorithms have been proposed and implemented in the last decades. The review paper [6] introduces a classification scheme for the MPPT methods based on three categories: offline, online and hybrid methods.


Utilizing GSM technique,especially the SMS technique,an automatic reading meter system of heat meter is developed and realized by adding up a wireless meter reading terminal.The hardware and software designs of this system are illustrated in details.


ABSTRACT The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) is a negative wave observed in EEG retrograde averaging, preceding a motor act. The objective was to study the BP preceding voluntary eyelid blinks in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients during off and on phases of levodopa. Methods Ten PD patients in stages 1 and 2 of the Hoehn & Yahr classification were compared to 18 healthy controls. Artifact-free EEG segments of two seconds preceding the onset of the blink potential were averaged and analyzed, and the statistical significance of the measured amplitudes were evaluated by analysis of variance models. Results The presence of a BP in the PD patients was demonstrated. The mean amplitudes at 0 ms were respectively 0.6 μV and 3.3 μV for the BP patients and the normal controls, respectively. Conclusions The BP amplitudes were significantly smaller in PD patients than normal participants. The amplitudes of the BP were not modified by levodopa.


A case of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 (FHLH3) presenting in a 3-year-old boy with fulminant demyelinating neurological disease is reported by researchers at Kravis Children's Hospital at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York.


The distribution of phosphocholine ions (m/z 184, m/z 86), sodium ions, and potassium ions in thyroid tumor cells was analyzed by imaging TOF‐SIMS. Repeated sputtering with a C  60+ source and subsequent analysis with a Bi  3+ gun produced a series of 138 images that were stacked to make a 3D display of the chemistry of cells. Phosphocholine was seen in the plasma membrane (m/z 184) and intracellular membranes (m/z 86). The different fragmentation of the phospholipid probably reflects the chemical composition of membranes at these sites. High intensity of secondary ion signals of potassium was seen in membrane‐encompassed cellular compartments. The data indicate that potassium ions are compartmentalized in thyroid tumor cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


projected motion picture photography became r a reality in the 1890s, but the dream of throwing moving pictures on a screen stretched back at least three centuries. Various European inventors described and created "magic lanterns" (primitive slide projectors) as early as the mid-seventeenth century. But not until the early nineteenth century did Peter Mark Roget and others seriously consider the principle of persistence of vision, a concept fundamental to all moving pictures, drawn or photographed. In the 1870s and 1880s several scientists engaged in the investigation of animal and human movement turned to photography as a research tool. The most important of these, Etienne Jules Marey of France and Eadweard Muybridge, an Englishman living in America, created varieties of protocinema that greatly advanced visual timeand-motion study. They also inspired inventors around the world to try their hand at constructing devices capable of producing the illusion of motion photography. Most of these inventors, including Thomas Edison, took up motion picture work for quite a different reason than Marey and Muybridge: the lure of a profit-making commercial amusement. 1 Early film historians and journalists chose to perpetuate and embellish the legend of Edison's preeminence in the development of motion pictures. In fact, as the painstaking and voluminous research of Gordon Hendricks has shown, the true credit for the creation of the first motion picture camera (kinetograph) and viewing machine (kinetoscope) belongs to Edison's employee, W. K. L. Dickson. Between 1888 and 1896, Dickson was "the center of all Edison's motion picture work during the crucial period of its technical perfection, and when others were led to the commercial use of the new medium, he was the instrument by which the others brought it into function." Edison himself admitted in 1895 that his reason for toying with motion pictures was "to devise an instrument which should do for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear"; however, his interest in motion pictures always remained subordinate to his passion for the phonograph. 2 With the perfection of a moving picture camera in 1892, and the subsequent invention of the peep hole kinetoscope in 1893, the stage was set for the modern film industia Previewed at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago during the summer of 1893, the kinetoscope could handle only one customer at a time. For a penny or a nickel in the slot, one could watch brief, unenlarged 35-mm black-and-white motion pictures. The kinetoscope provided a source of inspiration to other inventors; and, more importantly, its successful commercial exploitation convinced investors that motion pictures had a solid financial future. Kinetoscope parlors had opened in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and scores of other cities all over the country by the end of 1894. The kinetoscope spread quickly to Europe as well, where Edison, revealing his minimal


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Presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is a known risk factor for stroke and plaque progression. Accurate and reproducible measurement of IPH volume are required for further risk stratification.


Background: A physical therapist plays an integral role in vestibular rehabilitation, which is a form of therapy that addresses problems related to the inner ear and brain structures that control balance


ABSTRACT No major reform of the welfare state has a chance of going through unless one can make a plausible case as to both its 'ethical value' and its 'economic.value', that is, that it would have a positive effect in terms of both justice and efficiency. In this essay, this rough conjecture is first presented, and its plausibility probed, on the background of some stylised facts about the rise of modern welfare states in the postwar period. Next, the focus is shifted to the current debate on the introduction of a basic income, a completely unconditional grant paid ex ante to all citizens. It is argued that if basic income is to have a chance of meeting the strong twofold condition stipulated in the conjecture, some major changes are required in the way one usually thinks about justice and efficiency in connection with social policy. But once these changes are made, as they arguably must be, the chance that basic income may be able to meet the challenge is greatly enhanced.


A method was developed for detecting cyromazine and melamine residues in feed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) with DAD detection at 214 nm.Cyromazine and melamine were extracted from feed with acetonitrile containing 20 % NH4OH,centrifuged,then concentrated.A NH2 column was used.The mobile phase was acetonitrile and water (97∶3,V/V),the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The peak area response was linear for cyromazine and melamine between 0.025-5.0 μg/mL.Recoveries of cyromazine and melamine at fortified levels of 1.0,3.0,5.0 and 8.0 mg/kg ranged from 74.04 %-86.94 %,with relative standard deviation of 0.51 %-2.21 %.The detection limit of both compounds was 0.01 μg/mL.The method was simple,rapid and suitable for determination of cyromazine and melamine residues in feed.


This work proposes to a discussion as much as its own theme: the telenovela and the popular narrative forms, placing them in what pretends to be an effort of comparative reflection between the Brazilian and Mexican cases.


Based on the results of the landscape-archeological studies in the Urals-Mugodzhary region and historical-ethnographic data, the problem of variability to realize the pasturable model metal production in the Late Bronze Age is discussed in the paper. The economic-cultural system is characterized by a harmonious combination of mobile livestock based on pastures and water sources' seasonal rotation and separate technological stages of mining and metallurgical production. It was maximally adapted to the local steppe ecosystems' peculiarities and promoted to save their dynamic balance due to rational use of natural-resource potential.


The addition of methanol to C60 in the presence of acetylglycine (AG) was carried out under irradiation.The novel compound,1,4-dimethoxyl-l,4-dihydrofullerene (1),was isolated and characterized by FTIR,UV-vis,1H and 13C NMR,and FDMS.


Theoretically determined frequencies and absorption intensities are reported for the vibrational spectra of the covalent HOOOH and hydrogen bonded HO...HOO intermediates that may form in the reaction of the hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. Basis sets of double‐zeta‐polarized quality, augmented by diffuse and second sets of polarization functions have been used with complete‐active‐space, self‐consistent‐field wave functions. The calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies of HOOOH have been corrected with empirical factors and presented in the form of a ''stick'' spectrum. The oxygen backbone vibrations, predicted to occur at 519, 760, and 870 cm−1, are well separated from most interferences, and may be the most useful for the species' identification. In the case of the hydrogen bonded isomer, emphasis has been placed upon prediction of shifts in the intramolecular vibrational frequencies that take place upon formation of the complex. In particular, the HO stretch and HOO bend of HO2 are predicted to h...


A reduced-order compensatory observer should be appropriately set up to fill the gap between states and observed outputs. In this paper, we use seven polynomial series to approach the reduced-order observer problem. An illustrative numerical example is interpreted to support this technique.


I should like to give some information on the activity of the Catania Working Group on Flare Stars constitued by G. GODOLI, M. RODONO and myself. The first purpose of our work is to carry out a sufficient large amount of homogeneous photoelectric observations. A first series of data, which refer to 1967 and 1968 observations, has already been published in the Supplement of Astronomy and Astrophysics (2, 223,1970). Another paper, which refers to the observations carried out in 1969 and 1970, is nearly accomplished and will be published in the near future. Data on our observations during this period are given in the table. A part of these observations has been carried out with a simultaneous three channel photoelectric photometer, which is operating at the Catania Observatory. With this photometer 258 hours of observations have been carried out and 49 flares have been observed. The importance of these three colour photoelectric observations is quite evident since U, B, V magnitudes can be determined, also for short lived events.


The aim of this article is to introduce a short story by Julia Lopes de Almeida which, to this date, has been absent from the critical essays on the Rio de Janeiro's author. In order to redeem works of female authors, we suggest the reading of the short story O Ultimo Capitulo , which was published in 1916, in Lisbon, in the magazine Atlântida . Having acknowledge the importance of newspapers and journals as privileged spaces in the divulging of works wri en by women and, therefore, in the acknowledgement of the Belle–Epoque female writers, a brief introduction was made by the Luso-Brazilian magazine Atlântida which was published monthly from 1915 to 1920. Afterwards, through the prism of feminist criticism and of some concepts proposed by Roland Barthes, we will analyse the short story.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Information Technology VARTIALA, MIKKO: Design and Implementation of an Agent-Based Architecture for a Process Support System Master of Science Thesis, 50 pages March 2010 Major: Software engineering Examiners: Professor Kai Koskimies and assistant professor Jari Peltonen


This historical study of the "Seven Sisters" magazines examines whether, when women are in editorial control, sex-role stereotyping is found less often in magazine content. Findings indicate that the presence of women editors did not reduce stereotypical portrayals in the magazines studied, but did increase positive portrayals of women.


: With psychological skills training as the center, literature review and investigation methods are taken to study psychological skills training of adolescent badminton players. It is found that adolescents mostly focus on technical and tactical skills in badminton training, thus ignoring psychological skills training. This paper analyzes psychological state of adolescent badminton players, uses general and special psychological skills training method to train psychological skills of adolescent badminton players, so as to improve their psychological state. It is reflected that psychological skills training is indispensable in badminton training.


Discs of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue were immersed in buffered (pH 4.0 to 8.0) solutions of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) (5 × 10−4M to 5 × 10−3M) for 1 to 36 hr. Uptake of picloram during incubation, and leakage after return of the discs to untreated buffer, were determined by gas chromatographic analysis of extracts of the tissue and ambient buffer. Picloram absorption increased with concentration and with time up to 24 hr. Maximum uptake occurred at pH 4.0 and very little picloram was absorbed at pH 7.0 and 8.0. Both absorption and leakage were temperature dependent. The rate and extent of leakage was greatest at the highest concentration. Typically, more than 90% of the picloram absorbed from 5 × 10−3M was lost to fresh buffer within 12 hr.


An approach is presented for modeling the effects of temperature and pH on the solubility of amino acids in water. The amino acids studied are alanine, amino-butyric acid, glycine, hydroxy-proline, proline, serine, threonine, and valine. The data employed are activity coefficients and solubilities of the amino acids in neutral water and the dissociation constants for the various amino-acid ionization reactions. Activity coefficients are correlated with the modified UNIFAC group contribution model and with new glycine and proline groups being introduced.

A similar approach is presented for modeling the solubilities of certain antibiotics in mixed nonaqueous solvents. Fusion temperature data and solubilities of the antibiotics in pure organic solvents are used to deduce modified UNIFAC energy interaction parameters between new large antibiotic groups and the standard alkane (CH2), alcohol (OH), aromat (ACH), and ester (CCOO) groups.


Aberrant DNA methylation of promoter-associated CpG islands is a frequent event in ALL. DNA methylation of specific subsets of genes is associated with poor prognosis and is stable in a majority of patients (pts) at the time of relapse (Clinical Cancer Res2002;8:1897), and therefore tracking these epigenetic marks during remission may predict for relapse risk. Most commonly used methods to detect DNA methylation exploit the availability of sodium bisulfite that transforms unmethylated C into A/T leaving methylated C as such. This has allowed the development of several techniques that use conventional PCR or sequencing to detect methylated alleles. Although there are significant differences in the sensitivity and specificity of these assays, with bisulfite sequencing considered the gold standard, most of them are labor intensive and require several days to be performed. To circumvent some of these problems, we have developed a real-time bisulfite PCR assay to detect methylation of p57KIP2, p73, and p15 in samples obtained from bone marrows in pts with ALL at remission. Methylation of these genes has been shown to be common in ALL and to predict for poor prognosis at initial presentation (Blood2003;101:4131). This method allows for the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples in less than 24 hours, is quantitative, and requires less than 0.2μg of DNA for each target gene. To amplify bisulfite treated DNA, we designed primer sets and probes for all three genes in regions known to be inversely correlated with gene expression. To quantify methylation density, we used the interferon γ (INFG) gene as an internal control because it has very rare CpG sites, is a single copy gene and has no homology with other known genes. Methylation density is defined as: Methylation (%) = 2 CT of target gene / 2 CT of EFM x 100. CT is the number of cycles threshold, and EFM the estimated 100% fully methylation (EFM) of the target gene in control experiments. Using DNA artificially methylated with Sss I in dilution experiments with unmethylated DNA, p57, p15 and p73 methylation density could be detected at dilutions of 0.2%, 1.2% and 0.1%, respectively. We then studied the methylation status of 30 cell lines (22 hematopoietic and 8 no-hematopoietic). Methylation of p57, p15 and p73 gene was detected in 17(57%), 19(63%) and 16(53%) cell lines respectively. Methylation of 3 genes, 2 genes and 1 gene was observed in 9(30%), 8(27%) and 7(23%) cell lines respectively. DNA methylation of p15 and p73 was not detected in the marrow from 6 healthy volunteers but p15 was detected (0.1% methylation) in 1 out of 6 of these specimens. Subsequently, we studied 50 pts with ALL at the time of remission. We found the frequencies of p57, p15 and p73 gene to be 2(4%), 26(52%) and 10(20%), respectively. There was a trend towards a better overall survival for pts with methylation of 0 or 1 gene (209 weeks) compared with those with methylation of 2 or more genes (71 weeks), p=0.1. In conclusion, the real-time bisulfite PCR described here allows for the rapid detection of aberrant DNA methylation in samples obtained at the time of remission in pts with ALL and may have a role in the development of techniques to assess minimal residual disease in this group of pts.