gesting the problems dealt with in this thesis and for their helpfUl guidance and encouragement. I am most grateful to Mrs. Doris Gardner and also to Mrs. Linda Burgess for their quick and accurate typing of the manuscript.


Due to a leakage from a 12-inch pressurized diesel steel pipe four years ago, an area of approximately 30,000 square meters was contaminated. A pilot study applying the technology of in-situ enhanced bioremediation was conducted. In the study, a field test kit and on-site monitoring equipment were applied for site characterization and treatment verification. Physically, the enhanced bioremediation study consisted of an air extraction and air supply system, and a nutrition supply network. Certain consistent sampling methodology was employed. Progress was verified by daily monitoring and monthly verification. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capabilities of indigenous microorganisms to biodegrade the petroleum hydrocarbons with provision of oxygen and nutrients. Nine extraction wells and eight air sparging wells were installed. The air sparging wells injected the air into geoformation and the extraction wells provided the underground air circulation. The soil samples were obtained monthly for treatment verification by a Minuteman drilling machine with 2.5-foot-long hollow-stem augers. The samples were analyzed on site for TPH-diesel concentration by a field test kit manufactured by HNU-Hanby, Houston, Texas. The analytical results from the field test kit were compared with the results from an environmental laboratory. The TVPH concentrations of the airmore » extracted from the vadose zone by a vacuum blower and the extraction wells were routinely monitored by a Foxboro FID and Cosmos XP-311A combustible air detector. The daily monitoring of TVPH concentrations provided the reliable data for assessing the remedial progress.« less


In a network of thousands of nodes, usually densely deployed, it is unlikely that the designer will determine the position of each node. To process sensor data, however, it is necessary to know where the data come from. Equipping every node with a global positioning system (GPS) is currently a costly (in volume, money, and power consumption) solution. Instead, we can estimate node positions relying only on measurements of distances between nodes and other similar connectionimposed proximity constraints. In this model, only a few nodes (anchors) have known positions (perhaps equipped with GPS or placed deliberately) and positions of the remaining nodes are computed from knowledge about communication links. The distance information can be based on time-difference of arrival, received signal strength, and other criteria.


RECENT COURT DECISIONS Liability under environmental laws is a growing concern among risk managers and insurers. Of particular concern is the application of strict liability for clean up costs and damages found under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Under CERCLA, liability extends to those who create the pollution or allow it to escape and to those who own or operate the property on which hazardous waste is found. Because the response costs and damages may substantially exceed the value of the property, governments and private claimants have sought to expand the potential defendants. Based on these attempts, the courts have decided several recent cases applying various theories to define owners and operators within the scope of the statute. The Statutory Basis Section 9607 of Title 42 of the United States Code provides that CERCLA liability attaches to four classes of persons with some limits. A current owner or operator of a facility and a person who owned or operated the facility at the time a hazardous waste was disposed of is liable for clean up costs and damages. Additionally, any one who contracted for disposal of hazardous waste, and any transporter for which there is a release or threatened release may be liable. In section 9601(20), an owner or operator is defined tautologically as any person owning or operating a facility. The definition, however, excludes a person who holds the property as a security interest and does not participate in the management of the facility. Finally, section 9601(21) broadly defines a person as any individual, other private legal entity, or public legal entity such as the federal government. Thus, the reach of the law is extensive without any attempt at expansion by litigants seeking additional sources to pay for clean up costs. Current Owners In the search to define liability under CERCLA, one of the early questions presented to the courts was whether all current owners and operators were responsible for hazardous waste problems or only those that caused a problem. In Tanglewood East Homeowners v. Charles-Thomas, Inc., the Fifth Circuit continued a line of decisions that conclude that any current owner is liable for clean up costs unless a statutory exception applies. In this case, the facility was contaminated by a prior owner who ran a wood treating process. A lender that had taken an interest in the property sought to be dismissed on the theory that only the company that deposited the waste was liable. The court refused to adopt that approach by noting that the statute did not limit the liability of current owners in any way. In contrast, prior owners or operators were liable only if a discharge occurred during their ownership. The theory that any current owner is liable extended to a landlord whose tenants cause the hazardous waste discharge. In United States v. Monsanto Co., the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals found that a landlord leasing a warehouse used as a waste storage facility was liable for clean up costs as the owner or operator of the facility. Thus, current ownership of a facility carries with it the potential for significant liability. Corporate Owners Other cases have focused on examining who is the owner or operator. Some of the more common recent claims have been asserted against parent corporations, lenders, and successor corporations. Most of the cases turn on the issue of control to direct the management of the facility that causing the pollution problem. In United States v. Nicolet, the United States successfully charged a parent corporation for clean up costs. Through its ownership of the subsidiary's shares, the parent corporation allegedly controlled the actions of the subsidiary. As a result of that control, the court permitted a claim to go forward against the parent. Likewise, a lender that exerts control over management activities may be liable. …


Objective To set up a real-time fluorescent RT-PCR and to quantitate the levels of hTERT mRNA in plasma of patients with AML and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to investigate the value for cancer diagnostic and curative effect.Methods 25 healthy volunteers,23 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 21 patients with AML were recruited in this study.Plasma total RNA was extracted from plasma with TriZOLLS and mRNA was transcribed reversely into cDNA,then real time quantification of hTERT mRNA was performed with Taqman technology.Results NhTERT in plasma in healthy volunteers was 1.2±0.8.For patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,NhTERT was 11.8±8.3 before surgery and 8.0±5.7 two days after surgery(P=0.03).NhTERT in plasma in patients with AML at initial presention and at complete remission were 13.5±8.5 and 2.4±2.0 respectively(P0.001).Comparing with healthy volunteers,hTERT mRNA in plasma rose significantly in patients with AML at initial presention and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma before surgery.Conclusion The hTERT mRNA in plasma can be detected and quantified effectively with real-time fluorescent RT-PCR and the detection of hTERT mRNA in plasma can provide useful data for diagnosing and observing curative effect of AML and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.


Neovascularization, a normal physiological process orchestrates through vasculogenesis from mesoderm cell precursors. In healthy adults, the vasculature is quiescent but pathological angiogenesis is evident during wound healing and in tumor growth. Thus, angiogenesis becomes a fundamental step for tumors transitioning from a benign state to malignancy where endothelial cells proliferate 45 times faster. Our laboratory has recently shown that asparagine‐linked (N‐linked) protein glycosylation is essential for enhanced capillary endothelial cell proliferation in situ. Inhibiting N‐glycosylation with Tunicamycin causes G1 arrest and induces cell death by apoptosis due to "ER stress" and is not reversible by VEGF. Tunicamycin also inhibits angiogenesis in vivo in Matrigel™ implants in nude mice as well as in a pre‐clinical mouse model of double negative (ER‐/PR‐/HER2+) breast tumor.


Wide area measurement system is playing a crucial role in improving the reliability of power system. Deployment of Phasor Measurement Units in Wide Area Measurement System has resulted in generation of a large amount of data at high rate across the PMU network. We propose a design and implementation of a Phasor data concentrator (named as iPDC) that can collect the data from different devices and direct it to real time applications, other iPDCs and also perform local archival for post processing. Keywords-Global Positioning System (GPS), Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS), Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Synchrophasor standard, iPDC, Simulator.


Nowadays, questions on the low female participation in senior management are considered and analysed not only within the academic community, but are also discussed and debated by politicians and business representatives. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the key issues and possible approaches to the topic. In the first part, the author focuses on leadership styles: contemporary issues, theoretical considerations and empirical research results. Based on the findings that support the comparative advantages of diverse leadership teams, the author deals with the recommendations on the optimal gender composition of senior management teams. As empirical data are not in line with the recommendations, the author draws attention to the challenges related to talent recognition in the case of potential women leaders and the unequal opportunities in manager selection, such as important factors of low female representation in senior management. Academic articles on terminology, alternative values, special contributions, meritocracy and the social and cultural aspects of unequal opportunities are covered in order to highlight the main factors of the topics discussed.


Phototherapy, a light-induced method, involves photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Recently, PDT and PTT have attracted significant attention due to their non-invasiveness, minimal side effects and high spatial selectivity upon localized irradiation at the tumor sites. Owing to the unique characters of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (nMOFs) associated with excellent loading, versatile surface chemistries, enhanced permeability and retention effect and biodegradability, nMOFs are very suitable for biomedical applications. Importantly, the periodic porous structure of nMOFs can effectively avoid the self-aggregation and self-quenching of photosensitizers in PDT, and enhance the photothermal responses and heat stability of photothermal agents in PTT. These specific merits of the nMOFs have enabled them as an ideal platform for cancer phototherapy. This review mainly discusses and summarizes the advancement of MOF-based nanocomposites as a therapeutic platform for cancer phototherapy or synergistic phototherapy within the last five years. In addition, this review also focused on the interrelationship between the structure and application of MOF-based composites. The remaining challenges and future opportunities in this field are also highlighted.


Inductive coupled plasma Atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in soil,after soil samples were pre-treated by Automated Sample Digestion(ASD) which is the latest equipment for digestion.The best determination results of all kinds of heavy metals in soil can be obtained by choosing the digestion system.Results showed the soil samples can be digested fast and stably by the optimized digestion program A1 and the good determination results can also be obtained.There is no significant differences between the results determined by ASD-ICP-AES and GB standard method.


Distance language teaching is becoming a relatively popular and cost-effective method of imparting linguistics knowledge of a foreign language as students across the globe can be enrolled in such courses due to its convenience. Similar to numerous other disciplines, foreign language acquisition has also benefitted from the advancement of elearning tools and technological communication platforms. In this paper, the majority of advantages of distance language teaching will be explored; it will also investigate how it differs from traditional face-to-face classroom teaching together with how students from all around the world who are seeking virtual foreign language education can benefit from these emerging services.


The Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES), annually promoted by the Brazilian Computer Society (SBC), is the premier Software Engineering event in Latin America. SBES is held in conjunction with CBSoft - Brazilian Conference on Software: Theory and Practice. The CBSoft program includes technical research and insightful ideas sessions, industry sessions, invited talks, courses, tutorials, panels, demonstration of software tools, a Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations/theses workshop, and several other satellite events. It traditionally puts together academics, practitioners and students.


And whereas 'naturalism' in its beginnings was a consistent title, referring to man in nature, it gradually became transformed into a surreptitiously compensatory title, referring to technological ...


Objectiles To find out the growth and nutritional status for children under 6 years of age in xing Hua disrict of Haikou city. Methods The 432 house holds were sampled by the stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The inspection items of national nutition supewise were couducted one by one. The date was analyced by the C-EPI software from Health information Center of the Minister of pablic Health. Results The prevalence of low birth weight among Children in this district was 2.6%, The prevalecce of low weight and stunting for children under 6 years of age were 8.2% and 12.8% respectively. The two weeks period suffering from respiratory diseases and diarrhea were 19.6% and 3.8% respectively The breas feeding rate was 94.8%. Conalusions The prevalences of low weight and stunting were lower than or near to the national average lever. [


The aim of the work is to derive a formula for the dependence of the first frequency of the natural oscillations of a planar statically determinate beam truss with parallel belts on the number of panels, sizes and masses concentrated in the nodes of the lower truss belt. Truss has a triangular lattice with vertical racks. The solution uses Maple computer math system operators. Methods. The basis for the upper estimate of the desired oscillation frequency of a regular truss is the energy method. As a form of deflection of the truss taken deflection from the action of a uniformly distributed load. Only vertical mass movements are assumed. The amplitude values of the deflection of the truss is calculated by the Maxwell - Mohrs formula. The forces in the rods are determined in symbolic form by the method of cutting nodes. The dependence of the solution on the number of panels is obtained by an inductive generalization of a series of solutions for trusses with a successively increasing number of panels. For sequences of coefficients of the desired formula, fourth-order homogeneous linear recurrence equations are compiled and solved. Results. The solution is compared with the numerical one, obtained from the analysis of the entire spectrum of natural frequencies of oscillations of the mass system located at the nodes of the truss. The frequency equation is compiled and solved using Eigenvalue search operators in the Maple system. It is shown that the obtained analytical estimate differs from the numerical solution by a fraction of a percent. Moreover, with an increase in the number of panels, the error of the energy method decreases monotonically. A simpler lower bound for the oscillation frequency according to the Dunkerley method is presented. The accuracy of the lower estimate is much lower than the upper estimate, depending on the size and number of panels.


Abstract pH and GSH dual-responsive nanoparticles with fluorescence detection were successfully prepared from the polydopamine coating on the surface of mesoporous silica via disulfide bonds (MSN-SS-PDA). The average diameter of nanoparticles was about 80–100 nm with a well-ordered mesoporous structure. The outer layer of PDA was about 10.0 nm acting as a pH and GSH sensitive gatekeeper to control drug release. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into mesoporous channels to evaluate the drug loading capacity and controlled release performance. TPE-4OH, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminescence, was adhered to the surface of PDA for detection of drug release in real-time. The drug release from MSN-SS-PDA nanoparticles was enhanced under acidic solutions or high GSH concentrations. The fluorescence intensity decreased gradually with the drug release, which can be used for monitoring of release process. Besides, the nanoparticles exhibited good photothermal conversion capability due to the PDA layer under near-infrared light irradiation at 808 nm. These nanoparticles present a promising future for combination therapy and real-time tracking of the release process. Graphical Abstract


In this paper, it is addressed the problem of integrating service robots in the smart home. To this end, several middleware initiatives are analysed, paying special attention to Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). In addition, the iRobot service robot Roomba is deeply studied and an application to integrate it in the smart home via UPnP is presented.


A switching apparatus and a method for setting up virtual LAN. The switching apparatus having a plurality of ports, includes: switch information storage to store an output port identifier for a combination of an input port identifier, an input virtual path identifier, and a destination address; a detector to detect a first input virtual path identifier and a first destination address assigned to an input packet; a searcher to search the switch information storage for a first output port identifier based on a first input port identifier that identifies a port to which the input packet has been input, the first input virtual path identifier, and the first destination address; and a packet switch to transfer the input packet to a port identified by the first output port identifier.


The paper describes some possible ways how to improve Olympiads in Informatics. Tasks in Olympiads are small models of programming tasks in software industry and in the limited amount of competition time contestants need to complete several software production phases - coding, testing and debugging. Currently, only coding effort is adequately graded, but grading of other activities may be improved. Ways to involve contestants in overall testing process are investigated and ways to improve solution debugging process are described. Possible scoring schemas are discussed. In International Olympiads tasks with real numbers are quite rare. Possible reasons are investigated and a way how to return such tasks back to competition arena is suggested.


Our recent results in the design of high tuning accuracy variable IIR filters are given in this work. The accuracy and the range of tuning are increased by minimization of the sensitivity of the structures (real and complex) used and by developing of new method of design based on cascaded identical sub-filters. Several new variable multioutput second-order IIR digital filter sections also are proposed. All theoretical results derived are verified experimentally.


This research was based on the above-mentioned case hospitalised ind the neonatal reanimation service and on the autistic state presented. After clinical examination we conclued that the autistic state observed was not a normal autistic state but an autistitic state of "protection" as a reaction tho the higly medicalises environment in which the newborn found it self and to the numerous occasions of "physical aggression" on the body brought about ley necessary medical care essential to the survival of the child. To these aggressions was added a precocious rupture of the link between mother and child posing thas a problem of a deficiency of mother love. We upheld, on the basis following the theoretical psycho-analytic model, that the newborn infant in this premature state could come out of its said state using a psychotherapy of a "materbal" type which allows the installation of an object relation. We were brougth to conclude that the psycho-sensory-moteur developpment installs it self as soon as there is a presence of another mother being which places the newborn in a subject situation with a future and this regardless of foetal age within clearly the limits of possibility.


The one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg model with random $\pm J$ bonds is studied for $S=\frac{1}{2}$ and $S=1$. The specific heat and the zero-field susceptibility are calculated by using high-temperature series expansions and quantum transfer matrix method. The susceptibility shows a Curie-like temperature dependence at low temperatures as well as at high temperatures. The numerical results for the specific heat suggest that there are anomalously many low-lying excitations. The qualitative nature of these excitations is discussed based on the exact diagonalization of finite size systems.


CO observations with the CfA 1.2 m telescope reveal an extensive molecular cloud at high Galactiic latitude in the direction of the north celestial pole. The object, the Polaris Flare, covers 80 percent of the 50 sq deg surveyed, making it larger in apparent size by an order of magnitude than previously known cirrus clouds. The Polaris Flare is at a distance of about 240 pc and has a total mass of about 5500 solar masses. Its distance, 100 micron intensity, N(H2)/W(CO) ratio, and gravitational stability are similar to those of other high-latitude clouds. IRAS 100 micron emission over more than 40 percent of the sky is comparable to that toward the Flare, suggesting that very sensitive CO surveys at high latitudes can detect molecular gas in a much larger fraction of the sky than previously suspected. 24 refs.


The stress concentration factors for the circular hole and the fillet located at different distances in the stepped tensile strip are analyzed by Finite Element Method. The stress concentrations of the hole and the fillet radius tend to vary considerably at first, and they do not change even though the distance between the circular hole and the fillet radius varies. In order to verify the effectiveness of FEM analysis, the photoelastic experiments are performed. The stress concentration factors obtained by FEM analysis are comparable to the values obtained by experiment.


The utility model relates to a fire extinguishing device for offgas of a mining explosionproof diesel engine, in particular to a bead type flame arrestor for a mining explosionproof diesel engine, which solves the problem that the prior flame arrestor adopts a fence type structure, has high manufacture cost, is difficult to replace and clean, and is easy to block an air flue. The bead type flame arrestor for the mining explosionproof diesel engine comprises a hollow round tube, wherein a receiving tray of the flame arrestor is fixed on the outer ring of the upper end surface of the hollow round tube, an upper sieve sheet and a lower sieve sheet fixed with the inner wall of the hollow round tube are respectively arranged on both ends of the hollow round tube, through holes are all formed onthe two sieve sheets, compact toughened glass beads arranged in a staggered manner are encapsulated in a hollow cavity formed by the two sieve sheets, a layer of elastic stainless steel wire is layedbetween the inner side of the upper sieve sheet and the toughened glass beads, and an elastic retainer ring is clamped and fixed on the outer surface of the upper sieve sheet. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, small volume, light weight, convenient disassembly, maintenance and cleaning, better fire resistant effect and lower manufacture cost compared with the fence type flame arrestor.


The article analyses the long-term changes in the spatial distribution and density of the urban settlements in Rome (Italy), a compact Mediterranean city recently undergoing low- and medium-density expansion. Eight density classes were considered: no buildings, <0.5 buildings per hectare, 0.5–1.0, 1–2, 2–3, 3–5, 5–10, >10 buildings per hectare. Non-urbanized land amounted to 89% of the investigated area in 1919 and fell to 30% in 2001. Building density increased over time suggesting that both concentration and diffusion processes occurred in the study area. During 1919–2001, the building density was stable in only 37% of the investigated land. In that period, the largest part of the area (47%) underwent a low increase in building density, while 12% of the area passed from a low-density to a high-density class. Settlement density decreased rapidly with the distance from the city centre in 1919 and 1945, while a marked increase was observed in areas progressively further away from Rome since 1961. In recent years, land consumption was partly determined by the planning strategies adopted by Rome's municipality with the aim of producing a more balanced and polycentric region. More effective policies preserving the quality of the environment and promoting the sustainable development of peri-urban Mediterranean regions are needed.


plants available. For this reason we have found that Teflon provides the most effective decompression because of its pliability. If compression by the implant is the proposed cause of recurrence, why is the recurrence rate so low? Drs. Ryu and Yamamoto propose an interesting alternative technique for performing microvascular decompression by coapting the vascular loop to the dura with the use of fibrin glue. We wonder, however, whether fixation of the artery with fibrin glue will provide long-term decompression of the nerve. Intuitively it would seem that continuous arterial pulsation would, over time, detether the vascular loop from the dura mater and cause recurrent compression of the nerve. MARK R. MCLAUGHLIN, M.D. PETER J. JANNETTA, M.D. BRIAN R. SUBACH, M.D. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania


A test system of precision machining based on virtual instrument is introduced.The theory of this test system and realization of hardware and software are discussed.The test system adopt PCI-6024E data acquisition card of American NI Company,and realize data acquisition,showing and data processing under the environment of LabVIEW.It has been successful used in the test of abrasive water-jet electro chemical machining system


Based on oxidation reduction reaction and silica gel separation, a method was used for the isolation of sulfur compounds from lube base oil into sulfides and thiophene And a two step complex method was also used for isolating nitrogen compounds into basic and non basic nitrogen compounds Differential scanning colorimeter (DSC) results indicated that under experimental conditions, nitrogen compounds and sulfides, except thiophene, could decrease the oxidation onset temperature of saturates, the above action of non basic nitrogen is greater than that of basic nitrogen compounds Heat flow gradient data showed that the accelerating oxidation ability of basic nitrogen was greater than that of non basic nitrogen compounds Thiophene did not inhibit oxidation of saturates Sulfone and sulfoxide show good ability of inhibiting oxidation of saturates when their contents in saturates approach 2000 μg/g If sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds coexisted, their influence on saturates oxidation was found in the order that the effect of non basic nitrogen compounds is the greatest, sulfide the second, and the basic nitrogen compounds and thiophene the weakest


A few copper(I) complexes with tetrathiomolybdates of the type A [O,lMoS41 [where A is ethylenediammonium (O.5enHz), hydrazinium (O.5-NzH6)' dimethylammonium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, morpholinium, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium and tetraphenylphosphonium] have been prepared and characterized. The magnetic and EPR results indicate that copper and molybdenum are in + I and + 6 oxidation states respectively. The infrared spectral results suggest the tetradentate nature ofMosl. Thecathodic peak potential observed at O.90VSCE for (NEt4)[CuMoS41 in cyclic voltammogram is assigned to the reduction of copper(I) to copper(O). The reaction of replacement of the ligand from Cu(Et2dtc)z by Moslfollowed by the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), giving [CuMoS41reveals that Moslcan act as a potential antagonist to copper.


Implementation of low-noise power-efficient clock multipliers requires low-noise high-frequency reference clocks. This paper presents ways to generate such reference clocks at four times the frequency of a standard crystal oscillator (XO) output frequency. Using extensive digital correction techniques, a 216-MHz reference clock with an integrated jitter of 77<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {fs}_{\mathrm{ rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is generated from a 54-MHz Pierce XO. A ring oscillator-based injection locking clock multiplier driven by the proposed quadrupler is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the quadrupler. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the proposed clock multiplier occupies an active area of 0.16 mm2 and achieves 366<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {fs}_{\mathrm{ rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> integrated jitter at 4.752-GHz output frequency while consuming 6.5-mW power from a 1.0-V supply of which 1.5 mW is consumed in the quadrupler.


Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the laboratory provide a unique chance to study quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme temperature (${\approx}150\,\mathrm{MeV}$) and density (${\approx}1\,\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{fm}^3$) conditions. Over the past decade, experimental results from LHC have shown further evidence for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a phase that is thought to permeate the early Universe and is formed in the high-density neutron-star cores. Various QCD predictions that model the behavior of the low-$x$ gluon nuclear density, a poorly explored region, are also tested. Since the photon flux per ion scales as the square of the emitting electric charge $Z^2$, cross sections of so far elusive photon-induced processes are extremely enhanced as compared to nucleon-nucleon collisions. Here, we review recent progress on CMS measurements of particle production with large transverse momentum or mass, photon-initiated processes, jet-induced medium response, and heavy quark production. These high-precision data, along with novel approaches, offer stringent constraints on initial state, QGP formation and transport parameters, and even parametrizations beyond the standard model.


In today's industrial scenario, gas turbine is one of the most important parts of a power plant. In order to maximize the overall performance and efficiency of all modern turbines, it should operate at high temperatures and speeds. Due to high operating temperatures and speeds, failure of the turbine blades is inevitable. Hence there is a pressing need for analysis of turbine blades. The steady state thermal and static structural analysis of turbine blade is carried out using ANSYS 14.0 for different titanium alloys. In the analysis, it is observed that the bottom trailing edge of the blade section has higher stress value than the tip of the blade. The value of Von-Mises stress and deformation is obtained and it is seen that at 1000C, Alloy 685 and at 2000C, Ti 6242S exhibits least amount of stress and undergoes less deformation for a constant turbine speed of 10000 rpm with a pressure of 3.06 MPa. Keywords—Turbine Blade, Titanium alloys, Von-Mises stress, Ansys 14.0.


The results of computer modeling in determining the probability of intersection of distribution ellipses by solving a system of equations with multidimensional correlation components of Raman polarization spectra are presented. A method is proposed to improve the accuracy of identification of gold nanoparticles on polyester fibers taking into account the longitudinal and transverse polarization of laser radiation over the entire range of the Raman spectrum. The method of drawing up on the basis of vector-matrix analysis and solving a system of multidimensional differential correlation equations on the probability density of intersection of peak distributions of Raman spectra in the recognition of gold nanoparticles on the surface of dielectric materials is realized. The implementation of the proposed method allowed to obtain a solution of the system when differentiating by XY the probability density equations of the ellipses of the distribution with an accuracy of 10-16.


Purpose – This article aims to provide a response to the papers in this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology employed is philosophical. Findings – In her response, Nussbaum thanks the authors for their contributions and addresses their most salient arguments. Originality/value – Nussbaum in this article responds to the papers in this issue of IJSE and addresses the authors' most salient arguments.


A double-focusing mass spectrometer has been used to determine the relative isotopic abundances of naturally-occurring neodymium and the relative isotopic neutron capture cross sections. Allowance for isotope fractionation, an effect which is only noticeable under certain experimental conditions, has been accomplished by an averaging technique. The relative abundances are compared with the results previously published.


Fruit quality is influenced by cultural management in field, by the fruit picking time and by the storage strategy. The choice of the best techniques and strategies to enhance fruit quality is difficult, and even more complicate is the definition of the internal fruit quality changes occurring in pre- and post-harvest conditions. In fact, internal fruit quality is strictly related to the changes occurring during the ripening and maturation syndrome. Define them with accuracy would allow to verify the techniques adopted validity, to monitor the evolution of the ripening in field and in storage and finally to offer a uniform fruit quality to the consumers. Fruit internal quality is represented by the fruit texture, the sugars and organic acids content, the flavour, etc. Although a precise definition of the quality would require equipped laboratory and knowledgeable personnel, the standard techniques for assessing fruit quality are quite simple (refractometer and penetrometer for flesh soluble solids content and flesh firmness; titration for acidity, etc). These determinations are carried out on samples of a limited number of fruit, often not representative of all the fruit, but give the possibility to have real-time information. However, recently, the availability of non-destructive techniques to assess fruit quality, also offer real-time information, allow to determine quality traits on a high number or even on all the fruit, to repeat the analyses on the same samples monitoring their physiological evolution, to determine with the same measurement a number of information on several fruit quality parameters. Here are reported examples on how the internal fruit quality can be influenced (harvest time, 1-MCP applications, storage strategy) and the possibility offered by NIRs (near infrared spectroscopy) and electronic-nose non-destructive devices to monitor and define fruit quality changes of some fruit specie in pre- and post-harvest situations.


Strongly frustrated magnetism of the metallic pyrochlore oxide Pr2Ir2O7 has been revealed by single crystal study. While Pr 4f moments have an antiferromagnetic RKKY interaction energy scale of /T*/ = 20 K mediated by Ir 5d-conduction electrons, no magnetic long-range order is found except for partial spin freezing at 120 mK. Instead, the Kondo effect, including a lnT dependence in the resistivity, emerges and leads to a partial screening of the moments below /T*/. Our results indicate that the underscreened moments show spin-liquid behavior below a renormalized correlation scale of 1.7 K.


Background: Temporal low-voltage irregular δ-waves (TLID) are often found in elderly subjects. The physiological significance of TLID has not been clarified; however, our previous studies suggest that TLID are associated with mild cerebrovascular dysfunction. Objective: The present study aimed to reveal the origin of TLID and their neural mechanisms by dipole source modeling. Methods: From electroencephalography records taken from 21 scalp electrodes, clear and typical TLID of 6 elderly subjects (mean age, 69 ± 6.2 years) were selected. Among these, we selected and averaged 7–12 clear TLID on the left side in each subject, and estimated a single equivalent current dipole for the averaged TLID. Results: The best equivalent current dipoles were estimated to be located in the medial part of the temporal lobe in or near the parahippocampal gyrus in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the TLID, with a high reliability in all subjects. Conclusions: Considering the source localization of TLID, TLID seem to indicate certain dysfunctions of the hippocampus or adjacent regions. This is the first study to report the cerebral origin of TLID and suggest its physiological significance.


Criminal organizations have taken advantage of some of the benefits of the globalization process, have expanded their networks and have become groups that operate regionally and transnationally. The context of globalization entails the need to reform the structure of institutions and their way of operating at the domestic and regional levels. International cooperation between national institutions is not enough to face international challenges such as regional and global crime. The fight against drug trafficking networks between the U.S. and Mexico demands new institutional structures that involve the participation of state and non-state actors at a regional and global level.


In Yemen the Cenozoic igneous rocks consist of intrusive and extrusive rocks with interlayered sediments, all of which are included within the Manakhah Group (latest Cretaceous-Holocene). This group is subdivided into theHaraz Formation which includes the latest Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanics and the interlayered sediments, the Aden Formation which includes the Late Tertiary-Holocene volcanics, and the Bura' Formation which includes the Tertiary alkaline granites. The Manakhah Group, Haraz and Bura' Formations are introduced here as new units. The Haraz Formation replaces the informal names: Trap Series, Yemen Volcanics, and Aden Trap Series. The Aden Formation is a readaptaition of the term Aden Volcanic Series. A stratotype for the Aden Formation is designated in the Shuqra-Ahwar area.


care by Dr John M'Dougall of Galashiels, suffering from disease of the anterior portion of the tarsus. The disease was spontaneous in its origin, subacute in its progress, involving the articulations chiefly upon the inner side of the foot, between the cuneiform bones and metatarsal bones, but accompanied with symptoms indicative of involvement of the external tarso-metatarsal joints and of the scaphoid and cuneiform bones in a minor degree of the same process. The pain was such, on movement or pressure, that the lad was unable to walk or work. Under rest in bed, blistering, and constitutional treatment, the symptoms gradually quieted down ; and though the malady was obviously only in abeyance for the time being, the condition of the parts permitted of the employment of the application of the plaster-of-Paris apparatus, so as to afford support and secure rest. Wearing this apparatus, the patient went to the country, but again returned to town after


A problem of spanning a surface of C1 continuity (C1‐surface) over a given wireframe is introduced. By exploiting the concept of a super surface patch introduced in an earlier paper, we proved the existence of an approximate, yet practical solution of the problem. That is, we presented a method or a procedure, by which to span a C1‐surface over the wireframe. This technique is intended to be utilized as a flexible surface generation method for the 3D shape design in the industrial world.


With the rapid development of information communication technology and data mining technology, we can obtain taxi vehicle's real time operation status through the large-scale taxi GPS trajectories data and explore the drivers' activity distribution characteristics. Based on the 204 continuous hours of 3198 taxi vehicles' operation data of Shenzhen, China, this paper analyzed the urban taxi driver's activity distribution characteristics from different temporal and spatial levels. In the time level, we identified the difference with taxi daily operation pattern (weekday versus weekends), continuous time in one day, passengers in vehicle time, and taxi drivers' operation frequency; in the space level, we explored the taxi driver's searching pattern, including searching activity space distribution and the relationship between the pick-up locations and the drop-off locations. This research can be helpful for urban taxi drivers' operation and behavior pattern identification, as well as the contribution to the geographical activity space analysis.


The main controversies in the field of vascular dementia (VaD) include the nosological classification of this disorder, the definition of dementia, the differences between the different sets of diagnostic criteria, the concept of Binswanger disease, the role of vascular lesions in Alzheimer disease, and the results of cholinesterase trials in VaD. Vascular Cognitive Disorder (VCD) is the most current nosological classification for the global diagnostic category of cognitive impairment of vascular origin, ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to vascular dementia. It includes specific disease entities such as poststroke VaD, CADASIL, Binswanger disease, and AD plus CVD. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is limited to cases of vascular MCI without dementia, by analogy with the concept of amnesic MCI, currently considered the earliest clinically diagnosable stage of Alzheimer disease (AD). The main problem of VaD stems from the currently accepted definition of dementia that requires memory loss as the sine qua non for the diagnosis. This may result in over-sampling of patients with AD worsened by stroke (AD+CVD). We have proposed an operational definition of dementia in VaD based on the presence of abnormal executive control function, severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning. This may increase the sensitivity and specificity of the NINDS-AIREIN criteria. In donepezil trials in VaD that excluded prestroke MCI, the placebo groups were different from those in AD without CVD, and in AD+CVD trials.


This paper briefly describes the basis of structural mathematics (N. Bourbaki), the elementary structures of genetic psychology (J. Piaget) and the matrix strategies in heuristics (G. Polya). It demonstrates, by epistemological analysis, that there are very close links between mathematical structures, psychological 'structures' and heuristic strategies and illustrates practical work according to heuristic matrix strategies by means of a simple example.


The article investigates the cooperative communicative strategies and tactics of English business discourse. There is a necessity of harmonization of business discourse as a sphere of positional and interest collision. Harmonization is a process of maintaining cooperative communication leading to mutually beneficial results. The pragmatic properties of cooperative communicative strategies enable the speakers not only to achieve the set goal but also to sustain positive relationship with the partner.


Professional skills and attitudes form an increasingly large part of the requirements of computer science graduates. Students are assessed on their knowledge and cognitive skills but not on the attitudes that will lead them to practice in the workplace what they have been taught in the classroom. This paper argues that it is necessary to assess attitudes as well as cognitive achievements and that this is feasible within existing curricula.


Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially life‐threatening condition, which can occur as a complication in patients taking antipsychotic medications. Drs Kurien and Vattakatuchery present the case of a patient with paranoid schizophrenia who developed NMS‐like symptoms following abrupt discontinuation of clozapine and venlafaxine.


The papers that comprise this dissertation all explore the intersection of material culture and social identity. The central theme of these studies is that social identity is actively created and maintained through the production, consumption, and discard of material objects. In the first paper, I examine the distribution of ornament styles and practices of adornment across the prehispanic Southwest in relation to traditionally defined regional and culture-historical boundaries. Jewelry items of similar forms are widely distributed across cultures/groups; however, specific practices in the use and deposition of ornaments are not random within particular sociohistorical contexts. In the second paper, I explore the relationship between identity and demographic reorganization through an examination of the extent to which Chacoan identity and practice, as demonstrated by the social values attributed to ornaments at Pueblo Bonito during the Chaco florescence, were maintained or transformed by the post-Chaco period inhabitants of Aztec's West Ruin. I argue that at Pueblo Bonito, ornaments were


Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction, a central hallmark of diabetes, predisposes diabetic patients to a number of cardiovascular complications. We have previously shown that ARNT is a critical re...


This paper deals with the control of an uncertain system, where the performance is measured by the expectation of the square of the H 2 norm of the system. An arbitrary-probability distribution over a finite set of uncertain systems is assumed to exist. It will be shown that the optimal controller is 'continuous' with respect to the probability distribution and moreover that locally the optimal expected performance controller is a unique and smooth 'function' of the probability distribution.


People navigate novel, complex environments on a daily basis, and they are able to quickly and efficiently form representations that allow for accurate navigation and interaction. In this study we are particularly interested in the full behavior of subjects when navigating a novel environment. To that end we use immersive virtual reality (VR) to present a room in which subjects are able to freely navigate and interact with objects. VR allows us to accurately time lock events, e.g. seeing an object for the first time, so that we can study EEG activity during the exploration. The combination of EEG with walking motion, rather than something like motion with a joystick, is a novel approach that is only now possible thanks to improvements in EEG and real-time VR.


Arsenic,an associated mineral resource in many nonferrous metallic ores,could be easily released into environment during the exploration of arsenic-containing minerals,because of the change of its geochemical condition to migrate when it transfer from underground to earth surface.This article,taking a gold min in Liaoning Province as an example,clarified the release of arsenic in mining,as well as its pollution to the environment of vicinity.The solving measures were proposed in this paper.


In literature several studies have been performed to analyze the surface finish of rapid prototyped parts. These researches have been mainly aimed to the optimal build direction of prototypes to obtain the best possible surface finish on specific surfaces. Very diffuse technologies that suffers considerably of low surface quality are Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and extrusion based Rapid Prototyping machines in general. Hand finishing for even the most basic levels of part quality are often required by the customers, forcing the geometrical features of the prototypes to be controlled by the skill level of the operator. This study completes past researches performed by the authors on tensile and flexural properties of chemical dipped specimens after immersion in a dimethyl ketone-water solution. The authors aim to gain a more in-depth knowledge of this process, by analyzing and comparing the compressive properties of finished and non-finished FDM parts through the use of an experimental approach, totalizing about 100 tests.


In late years a class-D amplifier has been used for a vibration generator and IGBT is often used for the switching element of the class-D amplifier. However, since the switching frequency of IGBT is limited low, it is difficult to make the bandwidth of the class-D amplifier wide. The bandwidth 5 kHz is required by the amplifier for the vibration generator with load impedance 2∼8 Ω. In this paper, it is shown that the bandwidth 5 kHz of the class-D amplifier can be realized by applying A2DOF control with the switching frequency 50 kHz. Since the output PWM frequency of a bridge circuit increase twice as much as IGBT switching frequency by using a double carrier PWM generating system, the sampling frequency of a controller can be increased twice as much as the switching frequency, i.e. is 100 kHz. Then the bandwidth 5 kHz of the class-D amplifier for the vibration generator with load impedance 2∼8 Ω can be realized by devising how to design A2DOF control. The controller is implemented in a DSP and it is shown from experiment that the desired performance is attained enough.


Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a new regional anesthesia technique and very recent in Nigeria. Availability and access to opioids in Nigeria are erratic coupled with its associated side effects; there has been need for alternatives to the use. TAP block has been suggested as an adjunct in multimodal strategy. It provides analgesia mainly for somatic pains for procedures on the anterior abdominal wall excluding visceral pains and therefore may not be too useful as a sole anesthetic technique. TAP block can be instituted using the anatomical (landmark) approach, ultrasound-guided technique, or surgeon′s assisted approach. Ultrasound-guided approach is most effective with minimal adverse outcome; wholesale adoption and adaptation would expand the options for balanced anesthesia and pain management. Thus, this article documents the clinical usefulness of TAP block in postoperative pain management so as to encourage the routine use of the technique in Nigeria.


The present invention discloses a tipping paper production process, including printing processes, hot silver step, cutting step, punching step, rewinding step, packaging step, the printing step comprises a step of rendering, thickening step, after the printing step the silver, the silver printing step, the silver powder is diluted with a diluent, added for the oil, polyethylene glycol, to reconcile a suitable viscosity for printing, it can be. Compared with the prior art the present invention, the use of polyethylene glycol to improve the adhesion of the silver powder, the silver printing step, the printing does not produce false phenomenon.


Chapter 9 discusses the development of biodegradable materials derived from sugar palm starch. Due to the increasing environmental problems arising from the disposal of nonbiodegradable plastics, the development of biopolymers has gained increasing attention from researchers as substitutes for conventional petroleum-based plastic. Among biopolymers, starch has been considered the most promising material because it is low in cost, highly abundant, renewable and fully biodegradable. This biopolymer can be transformed into thermoplastic starch in the presence of heat and plasticizer. Recent research has focused on the development of thermoplastic starch utilizing a new source of starch, sugar palm (Arenga pinnata). Unfortunately, thermoplastic sugar palm starch presents some drawbacks, such as poor mechanical properties, high sensitivity to moisture, and low thermal degradation. Therefore, various studies have been carried out to overcome these drawbacks, such as blending thermoplastic sugar palm starch with other biopolymers and reinforcement with various natural fibers to enhance the properties of this bio-based material.


Hydroxyurea (HU) reduces complications and improves quality and duration of life in sickle cell disease. Evidence supports the use of HU starting after nine months of age.


Extensive non-engineered landfilling practice in developing countries has raised environmental concerns, but operating a sanitary landfill appears infeasible due to financial incapability. This study aims to determine the feasibility of a sanitary landfill project by including its environmental values into the project appraisal while simultaneously applying three policy-relevant methods—non-market valuation, benefits transfer, and cost-benefit analysis—in two study areas in Peninsular Malaysia. The non-market valuation study used choice modeling, a questionnaire-based technique, to elicit willingness to pay among 624 households toward the environmental attributes of the sanitary landfill. Their responses resulted in the monetary values of the environmental attributes by referring to implicit prices of leachate discharge, bad odor, disease vector and view. The implicit prices of bad odor (RM2.29 per month) and view (RM3.59 per month) in the two study areas were transferable and used as a proxy of additional solid waste disposal payment in environmental cost-benefit analysis. Positive net present value offers empirical evidence of the feasibility of the sanitary landfill project. The findings show that the inclusion of environmental values in project appraisals increases the chances of implementing sanitary landfills, providing a new approach to address the environmental concerns in developing countries. Future research should consider the external costs along with the external benefits to allow for a comprehensive comparison between environmental values in environmental cost-benefit analysis.


Asynchronous design techniques such as NULL Convention Logic (NCL) are of increasing interest for ultra low power designs used in portable body wearable Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications such as pacemakers, ECG monitors, speech filtering for hearing aids and the like. Their primary advantages are their intrinsic tolerance to process, voltage and temperature variations at lower supply voltage operation, the potential for reduced power consumption, along with simplified timing analysis efforts. Furthermore, Short Word-Length (SWL) filter systems that operate, for example, on single bit Sigma-Delta encoded data have also been suggested for low-power and portable systems. Synchronous short word length filters using over sampling of both data and coefficients and operating in this domain have already been shown to be typically more hardware efficient and give better performance than their equivalent multi-bit counterparts. This work explores whether the highly pipelined organization of SWL systems can be exploited to produce usable ultra-low-power asynchronous DSP applications. A single-bit binary delta sigma domain finite impulse response filter is implemented in hardware using asynchronous NCL technique and its performance is measured in terms of average power and speed of operation. Our results show that the filtering performance required by the applications requiring low power such as speech filtering applications can be obtained using ultra low supply SWL NCL operated down to 400mV.


In much of North America, variables such as temperature, precipitation, snowpack and streamflow are modulated by modes of large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere variability such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific North American Pattern (PNA). In this study, we test the hypothesis that the influence of these modes on air temperature and precipitation in British Columbia (BC), Canada, can be explained in relation to changes in frequencies of synoptic‐scale circulation types. A catalogue of 13 circulation types was derived by classifying daily mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) grids from 1948 to 2003. The grids cover BC and the North Pacific and were subjected to a standard pattern recognition algorithm employing principal component analysis followed by cluster analysis on the component scores. The circulation types are generally associated with distinctive patterns of precipitation and air temperature anomalies across BC. Multiple linear regressions for selected stations in BC using the type frequencies as predictors explain up to 75% of the variance of mean winter temperature and 65% of winter precipitation. The frequencies of most circulation types vary significantly between the different phases of ENSO, PDO and PNA in a manner consistent with the temperature anomalies associated with those modes and, to a lesser extent, with the more complex precipitation anomalies. In addition, however, average temperatures and precipitation amounts for some circulation types differ systematically between phases of ENSO and PDO. Subsequent analysis revealed distinct differences among ENSO and PDO phases in the upper‐level circulation patterns associated with some surface types. A major part of the teleconnections can be explained through variations in the frequencies of synoptic‐scale circulation types, but systematic within‐type variability, particularly with PDO and PNA, can additionally influence the surface climate. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.


The behavior of black mudfish (Neothunnu diversus Stokell, 1949: Galaxiidae) and mosquitofish (Gambusia offinis Baird & Girard, 1854: Poeciliidae) was investigated in laboratory tanks. Black mudfish are indigenous to northern New Zealand, and mosquitofish are introduced; both species are sympatric in wetlands in the Waikato region. By com- paring position, feeding rates and aggressive behavior of both species, we found that black mudfish were increasingly able to compete with mos- quitofish as they grew from fry to adults. Mosquitofish were more ag- gressive towards mudfish fry and juveniles than were these two life stages towards mosquitofish, but adult mudfish were aggressive towards mos- quitofish. Both small (18-24 nlm total length (TL)) and large mos- quitofish (25-36 mm TL) showed high aggression towards mudfish fry (13-18 mm TL), and fry were eaten by large mosquitofish. However, 3 interspecific differences appear to allow coexistence of these two species. Firstly, mudfish reproduce in winter, whereas mosquitofish reproduce in summer, resulting in mudfish fry being present when mosquitofish are at their lowest abundance. Secondly, mudfish can survive in seasonally dry habitats by aestivation, while mosquitofish cannot. Thirdly, adult black mudfish are nocturnal, whereas mosquitofish are primarily diurnal.


One kind of SMD LED Chip suction transfer device sorting machines, comprising a support plate, wherein the side of the support plate is provided with a motor, the other side of the support plate is provided with a rotary member, positioning axis, a drive link, the nozzle mechanism two-dimensional cross-slide mechanism and a position sensing means; an end portion of the rotary member is provided with a rotary shaft hole, the other end portion of the rotary member is provided with an eccentric shaft hole; motor output shaft engaged with the rotary shaft hole, the positioning shaft One end portion of the shaft hole engaged with the eccentric, the other end of the positioning shaft by a rolling bearing and the driving connecting rod, one end of the drive link mechanism is connected with the nozzle, and the other end portion of the two-dimensional cross-slide mechanism connecting the drive link . Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a smooth motion, the motion high precision, easy to swap material, a simple mechanical structure, easy maintenance, and stable performance characteristics, while facilitating the promotion and popularity on the market a large area.


A method and apparatus for depositing a metal on a large-diameter cylindrical bore which passes right through the central portion of a large part. The invention consists in placing and centering the large part (1) between an upper tank (4) and a lower tank (3), so as to define a chamber (8) inside which the bore (2) is disposed and outside which the peripheral portions (9) of the part (1) extend, said chamber being filled with electrolyte. The electrolyte is homogenized and regenerated continuously outside the chamber (8) before being injected in the chamber (8) and before being entrained in a spirally descending motion to the level of the bore (2). The metal deposit takes place under the effect of a direct current which circulates between metal anodes (14) disposed in the bore (2) and the part (1) which serves as a cathode. The invention is used for depositing nickel on the bores of turbine rotor wheels so as to adjust dimensions or prevent fretting corrosion.


Sawdust/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites toughened with poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were prepared using a melt blending process. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. With the addition of PBAT into the sawdust/PLA composite, elongation at break and impact strength increased whereas tensile strength and tensile modulus decreased. In addition, thermal stability of the PLA composite improved with the presence of PBAT. Maleic anhydride grafted poly (lactic acid) (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of sawdust/PLA/PBAT composites. The compatibilized composites showed higher mechanical properties and thermal decomposition temperatures than that of the uncompatibilized composite due to improved interfacial adhesion between constituents of the composites. The optimum content of PLA-g-MA for sawdust/PLA/PBAT composites was 5 wt%. SEM micrographs revealed some features of ductile fracture in the composites toughened with PBAT and confirmed that PLA-g-MA improved the compatibility of the composites.


The invention discloses a clean and safe oil painting stick which comprises an oil painting stick body, wherein two opposite ends of the oil painting stick body are respectively provided with a stick head and a stick tail; a plastic soft coat is coated outside the oil painting stick body and is clung to the oil painting stick body; the part, higher than the stick tail of the oil painting stick body, of the plastic soft coat is provided with an extrusion part of the plastic soft coat; and the stick head of the oil painting stick body is exposed out. When the clean and safe oil painting stick is in use, hands are contacted with the plastic soft coat, so that the oil painting stick body is effectively isolated from the hands, and a small child is effectively prevented from eating the components of the oil painting stick through the hands; the stick head of the oil painting stick body is used for painting; along with the use and consumption of the oil painting stick body, the extrusion part of the plastic soft coat is extruded so as to extrude out the oil painting stick body without influencing the natural service of the oil painting stick, and therefore the clean and safe oil painting stick is simple and convenient to operate and is safe and reliable.


The Korean family planning program from 1964 to 1968 is considered in its entirety. The program is financed primarily by Korean government appropriations (averaging about $2 million in past years from central and local budgets) but also is supported substantially by foreign agencies such as the Population Council SIDA and AID. The Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea working in cooperation with the government is financed by about $200000 yearly from Korean government and foreign sources. The program has offered the IUD condom and vasectomy to every couple without charge. Accomplishments include adoption of the loop or vasectomy by 1/3 of couples with wife below age 45 elicitation of the best response among illiterate and low-income families and in rural areas reduction of crude birth rate by roughly 10% as of 1968 by IUDs inserted through mid-1968 and launching a pill program for IUD drop-outs starting with an unknown method a population of 30 million was informed of it and their approval won. Approaches used in the program have included strong governmental policy; implementation through the existing health structure; decentralization of functions to local and provincial government levels; payment by government of physicians and fieldworkers involved as well as vasectomy acceptors for work lost; high fieldworker density; fixation of target quotas with positive and negative sanctions on workers; and full use of mass media. Problems to be dealt with involve funding doctorless and remote areas and termination rates. The problems have been obtaining the funds; areas that are doctorless and that are remote; the training of workers; funds for maintenance and supply systems; shortcomings of the present contraceptive methods; and the changing of field-worker duties.


Changes in exposure to crash risk are accompanied by corresponding changes in crash rates, so exposure measures must be considered when assessing road safety performance. Risks may be estimated for road user groups, vehicle categories and road network characteristics. This paper discusses the use of these exposure measures to improve road safely strategies by sharpening the analysis of crash risks. It uses practical examples from the National Traffic Database, the New Zealand Travel Survey and presents new exposure information from national roadside alcohol surveys.


From the point of view of radioprotection, it is worthwhile to determine the long-term equilibrium factor indoors to better ascertain the dose which population is exposed to. The method used in our laboratory to obtain long-term equilibrium factors indoors is based on simultaneous measurements of 222Rn and 214Po in air by using a detector with two Makrofol-ED (polycarbonate) foils covered with aluminised mylar: one placed inside a diffusion chamber, and the other one in direct contact with air, allowing, respectively, the measurement of 222Rn and 214Po activity concentrations. The equilibrium factor is estimated from the ratio of these two concentrations. The detector has been calibrated at the radon chamber of the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), Chilton, UK. Sensitivity values of e 04( 0.8560.04) (tr Qcm22 ) /( kBq Qm23 Qh ) and e 44(3.060.2) (trQcm22 ) /( kBq Q m23 Qh ) have been obtained from the calibration for the measurement of 222Rn and 214Po, respectively. A radon activity concentration of 44 BqQm23 and a mean equilibrium factor of 0.42 have been obtained in a pilot application indoors.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of articular supper cavity irrigated and medicine injection in internal derangement of TMD. Methods 84 cases (98 sides) of internal derangement patients of different grades were irrigated and medicine injection in articular supper cavity. Results The total success rate was 83.67%(81/98), The success rates were relevant to clinical grades. Conclusion Articular supper cavity irrigated and medicine injection was effective to internal derangement of TMD. The earlier of curing and the better of effectiveness.


Extremely tough and stretchable gel electrolytes, which can be prepared by leveraging the strong interpolymer hydrogen bonding in concentrated lithium (Li)‐salt electrolytes, are reported. These electrolytes can be realized by optimizing the competitive hydrogen‐bonding interactions between polymer chains, solvent molecules, Li cations, and counteranions. Free polar solvent molecules, which typically impede interpolymer hydrogen bonding, are scarce in concentrated electrolytes; this feature can be exploited to prepare hydrogen‐bonded gel electrolytes with unprecedented toughness. In contrast, free solvent molecules are abundant in electrolytes with typical concentrations, yielding considerably weaker gel electrolytes. The tough gel electrolyte can be used an artificial protective layer for Li‐metal anodes, as it considerably enhances the cycling stability of a Li symmetric cell through uniform Li deposition/dissolution. Additionally, employing the gel electrolyte as the protecting layer significantly improves the cycling performance of the Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 full cell.


Abstract Although usability testing may be a well accepted and widely practised component of the commercial software development process, improper application of testing techniques may lead to poorly designed software. The present paper discusses a number of potential problems which designers may face in the process of conducting usability tests on their products. These problems may include difficulties in sampling, methodological problems in planning and conducting tests, validity and reliability of obtained measures, and misinterpretation of results. A number of suggestions to avoid or lessen the impact of these problems are also discussed.


Permendiknas implementation research on the appointment of pricipals is inseparable from the basic permendiknas namely: (1) permendiknas number 13 year 2007 about pricipal standar, (2) permendiknas number 28 tahun 2010 about teacher assignment as Head of school. This research discloses how the process of appointment of headmaster of SMP negeri in Dinas Education and culture of  Siak Regency, is in accordance with the provisions set by the government in permendiknas number 28 year 2010. This implementation research isbased on metter and Horn theory and describe the findings using approach qualitative methods. Data obtained by interviuw, observation and document. Futher data are analyzed and performed continuously to complate. The results of the study note that the general requirements in administrative selection are not met well. Because three is still the age of principals who do not meet the provisions with the number 85%. This means that only 15% of the principals are appointed in accordance with the provisions of the first appointment process in office. Even 29% of headmaster who served in Siak district will now undergo more than 2 periods of duty. At the rank and class of principals also found 13% of principals who are currently still in rank/class IIIB. While on special requirenments found arround 65% of  school principas in Siak Regency do not have a certificate of principal issued by LP2KS is a NUKS certificate. There are several factors that become obstacles in implementing permendiknas number 28 year 2010 in Siak Regency. Namale; (1) the SDK of siak Distric employees, especially the lack of education, (2) the cost of education and training to obtain NUKS certificate, (3) the role of the acceptability team in the process of placing the principal the carry out his duties as principal.


This paper describes the influence of the events of 9/11 on the author's scholarship and research, with specific reference to the sense of community and of place. The author explores the gradual erosion of her own community and home with the losses of 9/11. In particular, the author's experience of 9/11 left her to contemplate how children experienced 9/11 in the narratives of the event in psychotherapy. The author continued to focus on children's narratives of nature and home and community and beauty in subsequent scholarship. Language: en


Summary Severa ld ifferent approaches are described to the problem of synthesising the pluck response of a guitar, starting from information about string properties and the input admittance at the bridge of the guitar. Synthesis can be carried out in the frequency domain, the time domain, or via modal superposition. Within these categories there are further options. A range of methods is developed and implemented, and their performance on a particular test case compared. The two most successful methods are found to be modal synthesis using the first-order method, and frequency-domain synthesis. Of the two, frequency domain synthesis proves to be faster. A significant conclusion is that the coupled string/body modes of a normal classical guitar do not show "veering" behaviour except at low frequencies, so that it is important to use a synthesis method which incorporates fully the effect of string damping: methods based on first finding undamped modes give poor results.


The article explores difficult issues of efficient administration of the outlying districts of the Russian empire: Kingdom of Poland, Kazakhstan and Central Asia in the second half of the 19th beginning of the 20th centuries. The author presents local peculiarities of the territories and how the Russian administration got adjusted to them.


Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA gene sequences supports the monophyly of the Phoridae. Within this family the Phorinae clade includes two aberrant termitophilous subfamilies, the Thaumatoxeninae and the Termitoxeniinae, which cluster with Dohrniphora and Diplonevra. These two genera include termitophiles and parasitoids of termites, so we hypothesize that these termitophilous phorids are a monophyletic group. While the data neither refute nor support the assumed monophyly of the Metopininae, the genera of this subfamily were not monophyletic in our analysis, but fell into two subclades that correspond with the tribes Metopinini and Gymnophorini.


A study has been made primarily of the food of the chironomid Procladius nigriventris: this includes Alona affinis, Bosmina coregoni, Camptocercus, Eucyclops serrulatus, Paracyclops fimbriatus, Acanthocyclops viridis, Harpacticoida, Diaptomus graciloides, Ostracods, Chironomus sp, Polypedilum sp and Tanytarsus sp. Chironomus larvae usually found in the gut are in their 1st or 2nd instars , though occasional 3rd instars are present. The study summarises other findings on the feeding behaviour of Procladius nigriventris.


Mesoporous sulfated titania xerogels with structural and catalytic properties were prepared by the modified sol-gel method using surfactant as templates. The sulfate loading of these catalyst materials were varied in the range of 0 to 50 wt% SO4. Characterization of the sulfated titania were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and X-ray diffraction. The addition of sulfate has decreased the crystalline size and induces the structural transformation from rutile to anatase. The best sample catalyst was attained at TS5 containing 5 wt% of sulfate and having equal strength of both Brønsted and Lewis acid site. Sulfated titania show good activity towards citronellal isomerization at 95°C using toluene as solvent. Conversion of citronellal correlates with the the surface acidity of the catalyst and the use of toluene as solvent in the reaction, while the selectivity towards (-)-isopulegol depends on the corresponding acid site strength.


A study was made of various synthetic orceins in an effort to determine the optimal conditions for their use in staining elastic tissue. A simple technic has been developed, based on a modification of the method originally worked out by Taenzer. Orcein is used as a 0.4% solution in 70% alcohol containing 1% HC1. Sections are counterstained with Mallory's borax methylene blue. The solutions are easily prepared and may be used for several months. Although several methods require staining in orcein from 2 to 24 hours, the present method requires staining for only 30 minutes. After several types of fixation some of the dye samples stained collagenous tissue to varying degrees, but this could be diminished by slightly reducing the strength of the staining solution. Differential staining of elastic tissue was particularly specific in tissues fixed in acetone, collagen in these preparations remaining practically unstained by any of the dye samples.


In order to tunnel safely, efficiently and economically, we carried out the study on geostatic stress characters and optimizing bolting support parameters in 2# coalbed of Zijin Colliery. Based on the surveys of geological conditions, original rock stress, broken rock zone measurement and analysis of roadway deformation, characters and mechanism of roadway failure is figured out. According to existent problems, normal support theories were used and a variety of numerical computations were carried out by FLAC3D.New support methods of bolt installed vertically in tilted roof and strengthen support of sidewalls and corners of roadway were figured out. Monitoring of convergence meters and roof separation were followed to know effects of new design timely. The research was carried out for 600 meters The monitoring results proved that the optimized support design was viable and the new bolting parameters were reasonable.


Context. The slope of the locally measured spectrum of cosmic rays varies from 2.8 for protons with energies below 200 GeV down to 2.5 for heavy nuclei with energies in the TeV-PeV range. It is not clear if the locally measured slope values are representative for those of the overall population of Galactic cosmic rays and if the slope of the cosmic ray spectrum varies across the Galaxy, e.g. in response to the variations of the star formation rate. Aims. We use the data of Fermi Space -ray Telescope to derive a measurement of the slope of the cosmic ray spectrum across the Galactic Disk and to compare it with that of the Large Magellanic Cloud cosmic rays. Methods. A special choice of the background estimation regions allows us to single out the neutral pion decay component of the -ray flux in the energy range above 10 GeV and to separate it from (a) emission from the local interstellar medium around the Solar system and (b) from the inverse Compton emission produced by cosmic ray electrons. Results. The spectrum of the pion decay -ray emission from the Galactic disk in the energy band 10 GeV – 1 TeV has the slope ≃ 2.4. There is no evidence for the variation of the slope with Galactic longitude / distance from the Galactic Centre. The slope of the spectrum of cosmic rays derived from the -ray data, ≃ 2.45, is harder than the slope of the locally observed cosmic ray proton spectrum. Pion decay emission from a powerlaw distribution of cosmic rays with the same hard slope also provides a fit to the -ray spectrum of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Conclusions. Identical and hard slopes of the spectra of cosmic rays in the Milky Way and in the Large Magellanic Cloud are consistent with a straightforward theoretical model in which cosmic rays are injected by shock acceleration with the spectrum with the slope ≃ 2...2.1 which is subsequently modified by � = 1 /3...1/2 by the energy-dependent escape of cosmic rays through the turbulent Galactic magnetic field. Deviations of the locally measured cosmic ray spectrum from the average Galactic spectrum are explained by the discrete distribution of the cosmic ray sources in space and time.


The present invention, dyes, biosensors, and provides a method of using the dye and biosensors for detecting a target molecule of choice. Biosensors have binding domains, as well as dye attached directly to the dye or desired target, the. Binding domain are contemplated in the present invention, interact with the desired target molecule, and a predetermined structural state or covalent modification of the molecule (e.g., phosphorylation) as likely specific for, biomolecule or raw including a fragment of the molecule. In some embodiments, binding domains of the biosensor, a single chain variable region fragments (scFv), a combination of the dye of the present invention bound to the CDR3 region. Further, the present invention, the change in the binding of the selected target, useful for the detection of structural changes, or post-translational modification, also provides environmentally sensitive dye. .FIELD 11A


This splendid anthem for soloists, chorus, and orchestra was composed in 1773, when Linley was seventeen years old, and was modeled on Handel's Chandos anthems. Linley's gifts are most strikingly displayed in the choral movements, where his contrapuntal invention is especially deft.


Several different media were compared by means of surface viable counts of suspensions, in 0.1% solution of bovine serum albumin, of freshly grown BCG, and of BCG resuspended after freeze-drying. T...


This paper considers the use of a recently developed Bayesian statistical approximation technique that leads to very fast determination of highly accurate estimates for latent radio signal power. Following suitable data analysis, a first order non-stationary auto-regressive process is considered for latent radio signal and the fast approximation technique is then used to provide accurate estimates of the hidden model parameters. These estimates are based on having received several noisy, but spatially correlated, observations of the true latent signal. The implication of this technique for real time decision analysis and the problem of finding, and making use of, so-called radio spectrum holes is also discussed.


Experimental techniques for charging, trapping, and observing macroscopic particles (dust) are described. Particles with a sufficiently large charge‐to‐mass ratio (4×10−3 C/kg) are created by using hollow glass microspheres about 50 μm in diameter charged to a potential of −30 volts by electrons from a filament. The charge spheres drop by gravity into a Kingdom trap and are trapped in near‐circular orbits by a rising potential. A spherical version of the trap with a Keplerian potential is also used. Illumination from a halogen lamp is sufficient for videotapes to be made of particle dynamics. Phenomena observed in the Kingdom trap include libration due to a resonant perturbation and the resonant coupling of two adjacent orbiters. Precession due to gravity is observed in the spherical trap. Confinement times in the Kingdom trap approach an hour. Briefly discussed are the use of charged liquid droplets, a planar trap based upon the ponderomotive force and the collective phenomena of a non‐neutral plasma in ...


Distributed applications are complex by nature, so it is essential that there be effective software development tools to aid in the construction of these programs. Commonplace "middleware" tools, however, often impose a tradeoff between programmer productivity and application performance. For instance, many corba idl compilers generate code that is too slow for high-performance systems. More importantly, these compilers provide inadequate support for sophisticated patterns of communication. We believe that these problems can be overcome, thus making idl compilers and similar middleware tools useful for a broader range of systems.

To this end we have implemented Flick, a flexible and optimizing idl compiler, and are using it to produce specialized high-performance code for complex distributed applications. Flick can produce specially "decomposed" stubs that encapsulate different aspects of communication in separate functions, thus providing application programmers with fine-grain control over all messages. The design of our decomposed stubs was inspired by the requirements of a particular distributed application called Khazana, and in this paper we describe our experience to date in refitting Khazana with Flick-generated stubs. We believe that the special idl compilation techniques developed for Khazana will be useful in other applications with similar communication requirements.

[1]This research was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, monitored by the Department of the Army under contract number DABT63-94-C-0058, and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome Research Site, USAF, under agreement number F30602-96-2-0269. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation hereon.


As a result of the research, it was established that in the construction industry, the most widely used systems for insulating external enclosing structures are bonded thermal insulation systems and hinged ventilated facades. It was determined that the technical and economic indicators of the building facade insulation project can be controlled and optimized with the help of preliminary modeling of organizational and technological solutions. Significant organizational and technological factors that have an impact on the technical and economic indicators of the project were determined. The dependence of changes in the indicators of the duration of construction and installation work on insulation, their cost and the intensity of financing when significant factors are varied is revealed. The dependence of the change in the cost of the facade insulation project by the bonded thermal insulation method on the use of various means of underlaying is determined. On the basis of EC-modeling, the dependencies of changes in the cost of the project when using different technological methods and options for organizational solutions for the insulation of external enclosing structures of buildings with plaster decoration were investigated.


The present research examined the influence of selfand other-affirmation on the perceptions of a counterparty in a value conflict through the potential mediating effect of 'openness to experience' and 'shared identity'. Participants evaluated a theoretical individual who held opinions and values opposite of the participant concerning 'Black Pete'. They were to rate their behaviour towards this person in a potential negotiation and they evaluated the counterparty on multiple constructs. It was found that individuals in the other-affirmation condition were more motivated to negotiate, less inclined to force their own values, yielded more and evaluated the counterparty to be more cooperative, than did individuals in the selfaffirmation condition. However, these effects were not mediated by either openness to experience or shared identity.


Objective:to establish and improve a method for quick extraction and determination of Magnolol and Honokiol.Methods:Magnolol and Honokiol were quickly extracted on ASE300 system.Magnolol and Honokiol were separated on Diamonsil(TM)C18 column(250mm×4.6 mm,5μm) and detected at 294 nm,using methanol-water-acetic acid glacial(79∶21∶0.25) as mobile phase.Results:The standard curves for Magnolol and Honokiol were linear in the range of 6.25~400 μg/mL.The average recoveries of Magnolol and Honokiol were 99.88%(RSD=1.25%) and 100.27%(RSD=1.38%) respectively.Conclusions:The method is simple,rapid and accurate and it can effectively control the quality of Huoxiang Zhengqi troche.


The invention relates to a policy control method and a system. The policy control method comprises the following steps: wireless LAN policy decision function WLAN-PDF collects the information includinThe invention relates to a policy control method and a system. The policy control method comprises the following steps: wireless LAN policy decision function WLAN-PDF collects the information including terminal ID or terminal ID and link information of a WLAN terminal from an access point AP; in the process of a user using the WLAN terminal to call a registration to IP multimedia subsystem IMS netg terminal ID or terminal ID and link information of a WLAN terminal from an access point AP; in the process of a user using the WLAN terminal to call a registration to IP multimedia subsystem IMS network, the agent call session control function P-CSCF of the IMS network obtains the information of the WLAN terminal from the WLAN-PDF and sends the information of the WLAN terminal to the service calwork, the agent call session control function P-CSCF of the IMS network obtains the information of the WLAN terminal from the WLAN-PDF and sends the information of the WLAN terminal to the service call session control function of the IMS network; and S-CSCF carries out the policy control according to the information of the WLAN terminal and the local policy. The invention has the advantages of enal session control function of the IMS network; and S-CSCF carries out the policy control according to the information of the WLAN terminal and the local policy. The invention has the advantages of enabling a service provider to exert flexible control policy while simultaneously providing two services.bling a service provider to exert flexible control policy while simultaneously providing two services.


In common sense experience based on introspection, consciousness is singular. There is only one 'me' and that is the one that is conscious. This means that 'singularity' is a defining aspect of 'consciousness'. However, the three main theories of consciousness, Integrated Information, Global Workspace and Recurrent Processing theory, are generally not very clear on this issue. These theories have traditionally relied heavily on neuropsychological observations and have interpreted various disorders, such as anosognosia, neglect and split‐brain as impairments in conscious awareness without any reference to 'the singularity'. In this review, we will re‐examine the theoretical implications of these impairments in conscious awareness and propose a new way how to conceptualize consciousness of singularity. We will argue that the subjective feeling of singularity can coexist with several disunified conscious experiences. Singularity awareness may only come into existence due to environmental response constraints. That is, perceptual, language, memory, attentional and motor processes may largely proceed unintegrated in parallel, whereas a sense of unity only arises when organisms need to respond coherently constrained by the affordances of the environment. Next, we examine from this perspective psychiatric disorders and psycho‐active drugs. Finally, we present a first attempt to test this hypothesis with a resting state imaging experiment in a split‐brain patient. The results suggest that there is substantial coherence of activation across the two hemispheres. These data show that a complete lesioning of the corpus callosum does not, in general, alter the resting state networks of the brain. Thus, we propose that we have separate systems in the brain that generate distributed conscious. The sense of singularity, the experience of a 'Me‐ness', emerges in the interaction between the world and response‐planning systems, and this leads to coherent activation in the different functional networks across the cortex.


Improving the quality of education is not possible without the transformation of teaching methods and techniques. Nowadays, the audience is always exposed to a wealth of different information, it is necessary to find a method for learning them in the least amount of time. This is vital, especially in academic environments requiring extensive and complex learning. The edutainment technique, despite its old age, is one of the new concepts introduced today to simplify complex concepts. A branch of this applied technique is the expression of concepts in a simple way by using graphic stories. In this research, a sample of modern scientific issues in a university level thought using science-based discussions, fictional expressions and various images in the statistical society of 60 students of engineering and the results of the project's effectiveness in various aspects of education have been studied. These results show an overall satisfaction of over 72% of the statistical population.


The decomposition algorithm of the characteristic waveform interpolation(WI) speech coding is investigated.A novel WI speech coding algorithm based on pitch synchronization is proposed. In the new speech coding algorithm, the quantization of the characteristic waveform is the variable dimension vector quantization (VDVQ ). The decoding speech of 2.4 kb/s shows it can deliver decoded speech with high communication quality


The development of the bronchial branching pattern during fetal life was described by Bucher & Reid (1961). They showed that all pre-acinar branching was complete at the end of 16 weeks' gestation and that further changes in the airways were confined to an increase in size and the appearance of cartilage and glands. By contrast, the alveolar region of the acinus develops mainly after birth (Loosli & Potter, 1951; Boyden & Tompsett, 1965), though some respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts are present at birth. The early embryonic development of the pulmonary arteries was described by Congdon (1922), who used wax-plate reconstruction. By 50 days the pulmonary arteries are connected with the pulmonary arch, which by then has assumed adult form save for a patent ductus arteriosus. The development of the branching pattern of the intrapulmonary arteries has not previously been described. The muscularity of the arteries during fetal life has been assessed by several workers using various methods of measurement. They all demonstrated a relatively greater amount of arterial muscle in vessels of a given size than in the adult. O'Neal, Ahlvin, Bauer & Thomas (1957) studied uninjected arterioles, which they described as lying between the arteries accompanying the bronchioles and the capillaries, and found that they had thicker walls than those in the adult and that muscle was found in smaller vessels than in the adult. This extension increased with fetal age. Naeye (1961), using planimetry, reported that in vessels less than 50 ,um there was a progressive increase in the area of muscle in their walls (medial area) between 20 weeks' gestation and birth. Wagenvoort & Wagenvoort (1965), who measured the total medial area of arteries per unit area of lung tissue and the wall thickness of uninjected arteries, reported that from 21 weeks' gestation until birth muscle was present in smaller vessels than in the adult and that throughout intra-uterine development there was an increased wall thickness which did not alter. None of the above methods of measurement is as precise as those used by Elliott (1964) on the adult lung. He distended the arteries by injection under pressure with a barium sulphate and gelatine mixture and so was able to make accurate measurements of wall thickness and the extension of muscle into small vessels, as well as to record the type of vessel wall associated with different levels of the bronchial tree. In the present study Elliott's methods have been applied to the pulmonary artery of the fetal lung, and its branching pattern and structure are described.


Two isoforms of the Hydrogen, Potassium‐ATPases, HKa1 and HKa2, located in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) are important in acid‐base regulation and potassium handling and are encoded by ATP4a and ATP12a, respectively. Elabida et al. has reported that progesterone mediates antikaliuretic effects via stimulation of HKa2 expression. The circadian clock influences kaliuresis as demonstrated by its 24‐hour cycles. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether expression of the clock gene BMAL1 affected HK activity and if there was a difference in females compared to males.


Rodents harbor various bacteria resistant to anti bacterials used in both humans and animals. Escherichia coli have been isolated from rodents in different parts of the world [1]. The transmission dynamics of E. coli among synanthropic rodents, livestock and humans may contribute for the development of antibacterial resistance [2,3,4]. Although there is controversy over the natural ecology of resistant bacterial population, these results can incriminate rodents as an important source of antibacterial resistant isolates which may infect humans and other animals [5]. Escherichia coli is an important opportunistic pathogen in some parts of the body with increasing antibacterial resistance [6].


The central concern of the present study is the psychological processes involved in the learning of mathematics by children who, in Piaget's sense, are in the stage of "concrete operations" and are not, presumably, yet able to deal readily with formal propositions. Better to understand how mathematics learning of a highly symbolized type might occur, we worked with a small number of children, observing them in minute detail to determine the steps involved in grasping mathematical ideas. Such an approach is, in our opinion, most pressingly needed at this stage of development of new mathematical instruction. It is closely akin to the detailed study of the naturalist and clinician. Perhaps such study can serve to aid more large-scale psychometric testing or, indeed, to elucidate the nature of instruction. It would be disingenuous to say that we (or any naturalist, for that matter) worked without due regard to some theory. Our theoretical predilections were, we should say, far clearer when we finished than when we started. They will also be plain to the reader as our account progresses. The observations to be reported were made on four eight-year-old children, two boys and two girls, who were given an hour of daily instruction in mathematics four times a week for six weeks. The children were in


The electric and photoelectric properties and the dislocation structure are studied in p-CdTe crystals after irradiation by ruby laser pulses. The dark current magnitude decreases and the dislocation densities increase both in irradiated and protected parts of the crystal. The model of a surface acoustic wave induced by a nanosecond laser pulse is used to explain the experimental results.