Shale gas is one of the most actively explored unconventional sources of natural gas. There are several types of pores in the shale reservoir, and their structural characteristics are complex. Evaluating the characteristics of the shale pore structure is the basis for understanding the shale reservoir performance and the oil and gas migration mechanism. In this paper, the micro- and nanopores of shale samples from the Yanchang Formation, Hunan basin, are studied by applying the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method. Several pore structure parameters such as the specific surface area, the pore volume, and the pore size distribution of the analyzed samples are calculated. The predominant characteristics of nanopores that influence hydrocarbon accumulation and control the development of pores are discussed. The results indicate that the shale reservoir rocks from the study area are mainly mesoporous with an average pore size distribution between 2 and 50 nm. A small number of micropores (less than 2 nm) and macropores (more than 50 nm) are also present in the pore network. The development of micropores and mesopores in the shale samples is associated with organic matter content, while the development of macropores is linked to clay minerals content. Total organic carbon (TOC) content is the key element to control the nanopore volume and the specific surface area of the reservoir rocks from the study area. At the same time, the organic matter-enriched pore network also provides extensive space for the accumulation of shale gas.


Prof. Pierre, Colonna Haematology Clinic, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Mustapha, Alger (Algeria) Descriptive epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has led to the identification of several patterns, attributed to the interplay of environmental and host aetiologic factors. Pattern I (high rate in children, predominance of mixed cellularity histologic subtype) prevails in developing countries, whereas pattern III (initial pronounced peak in young adults, predominance of nodular sclerosis histologic subtype) is prevalent in affluent, wealthy, urbanized countries. The intermediate pattern II is observed in rural areas of developed countries [1]. We studied the epidemiologic characteristics of all Algerian patients with HD who were recorded at our clinic from January 1966 to December 1985. During this period, the age and sex stratification of the Algerian population remained identical, but the percentage of children in our outpatient department diminished from 0.26 to 0.16 [2]. The data are summarized in the table I. The most striking features are: (i) a decrease in the number of children, as a consequence of the development in the Algiers area of a network of paediatric oncology units, for adult patients age stratification remained similar; (ii) a significant shift of clinical stages 1 This work was supported by INESSM (Algiers), INSERM (Paris) and AREMAS (Paris). Table I. Changes in patterns of Hodgkin's disease in Algiers, 1966–1985


The defense of computer networks from intruders is becoming a problem of great importance as networks and devices become increasingly connected. We develop an automated approach to defending a network against continuous attacks from intruders, using the notion of Bayesian attack graphs to describe how attackers combine and exploit system vulnerabilities in order to gain access and progress through a network. We assume that the attacker follows a probabilistic spreading process on the attack graph and that the defender can only partially observe the attacker's capabilities at any given time. This leads to the formulation of the defender's problem as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). We define and compute optimal defender countermeasure policies, which describe the optimal countermeasure action to deploy given the current information.


Abstract We show the stability in the sense of α-congruence of dispersive (Sinai) planar billiards that are Bernoulli flows. The perturbations are either billiards on slightly altered tables or geodesic flows on nearby manifolds.


In the course of navigation, the targets echo displayed on the radar simulator often are suffered from clutter interference, and the common clutters includes rain&snow clutter, and wave clutter. In order to make the radar simulator better simulates the real environment, by analyzing the distribution characteristics of rain & snow clutter and sea weave clutter, this paper designs the clutter simulation display method based on Rayleigh distribution and Normal distribution, which can select the distribution characteristics according to the random characteristics of rain &snow clutter, and sea weave clutter, and simulate the real display effect of these two types clutter. The actual results show that the method proposed in this paper can meet the requirements of sea clutter simulation display application for navigation radar simulator.


ABSTRACT Object: To evaluate the effect of combined split-crest technique using ultrasonic bone surgery with platelet rich fibrin alone and in combination with silk fibroin for dental implant placement in narrow ridge. Subject and Methods: A total of 24 implants inserted in 18 patients with narrow ridge. Patients were assigned into one of the following 2 groups based on the graft material used. For group I, the peri implant gap was filled with silk fibroin mixed with PRF while for group 2 was filled with PRF only. All patients undergone a ridge splitting technique using piezoelectrical device and immediate implant placment. Assessments included measurements of the ridge width, implant stability and bone density. Results: The differences in implant stability measurements were non- significant in both groups at baseline however, at 6 months was statistically significant (P=0.001) in favor of silk fibroin group. Additionally, the differences in mean crest width measurements between both studied groups, were statistically non- significant at base line and immediately after surgery while silk fibroin group exhibited a statistically significant (P=0.010) increase in mean crest width measurements at 6 months. Moreover, silk fibroin group also showed higher and statistically significant (P=0.001) mean bone density measurements, at 6 months compared to PRF group. Conclusions: Compared to PRF alone, adding silk fibroin might provide a better reconstruction of ridge width, implant stability and bone density in the narrow ridge augmented with crest splitting and immediate implants.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of obtaining HPyr-His-TrpOH applied as main semi-product (1-3 fragment) in synthesis of synthetic antagonists of gonadotropine-releasing-hormone, LH-RH. Tripeptide (I) is obtained by method of liquid-phase peptide synthesis without application of stages of placement and removal of protective groups. EFFECT: method makes it possible to reduce quantity of synthesis stages, is more economically effective due to absence of placement and removal of protective groups stages and makes it possible to obtain tripeptide with high purity. 1 ex


The purpose of this study is to determine the role (impact) of market orientation in (on) the relationship between internal marketing practices of 3- 4- and 5-star hotels in Nevsehir and firm performance. To test the determining factors of businesses' market orientation in various levels and to determine the strength and direction of the relationships between these factors and internal marketing dimensions are among the main purposes of this study. To examine the relationships between internal marketing and firm performance, internal marketing and market orientation, and market orientation and firm performance are the other purposes of the study. Data collected from 185 high rank and middle rank managers and department supervisors were tested through structural equation modeling and regression analyses. Findings indicate that there are direct positive relationships between market orientation and internal marketing (H 1 ), market orientation and firm performance (H 2 ), and internal marketing and firm performance (H 3 ). Another finding of the study is that market orientation has a mediating role in the relationship between internal marketing practices and firm performance (H 4 ). Keywords: Market orientation, internal marketing, firm performance, internal customer, Nevsehir, hotel business


The post-modern court culture in civil litigation is based on communication and interaction between the parties and the judge. There has been a radical change from the adjudication, ideals of mater ...


Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of subaortic membrane.Methods Thirty-two patients with subaortic membrane were analyzed the results of preoperative echocardiographic findings and operation results to summarize the position,range,abnormalties complicated and subaortic valve.Results Thirty-one patients with subaortic membrane were confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography preoperatively,and one patient with preoperative missed diagnosed was confirmed subaortic membrane during operation.The subaortic membrane was located in inferior of the ventricular septal defect(VSD)in 3patients,beneath the noncoronary artery cusp in 3,beneath the commissure of right coronary artery cusp and noncoronary artery cusp in 3,under the right coronary artery cusp in 6,beneath the commissure of left-right cusp in 12,and in the ring membrane in 5.Simple membrane without other cardiac lesion were found in7patients.Subaortic membrane complicated with VSD were found in 21patients(subarterial VSD in 3and membranous VSD in 18).One patient was complicated with patent ductus arteriosus and one was complicated with mitral insufficiency.Subaortic membrane developed after patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in one patient and after correction of aortic coarctation in one patient.Eighteen patients were complicated with aortic valve insufficiency.Conclusions The subaortic membrane is commonly located beneath the right coronary cusp and the commissure of left-right cusp,which can lead to severe problems such as aortic insufficiency.Therefore,the patients should be performed early surgical correction.


Thomas E. Starzl was born in LeMars, Iowa, where his father, Roman Starzl, owned and edited the town's newspaper. Young "Tommie" worked at every job on the paper, from printer's devil to reporter. His mother had been a nurse earlier in life. Her encouragement and her long fight with breast cancer inspired Starzl to pursue a medical career. After graduating from high school, he enlisted in the U.S.

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Abstract Jan van Eyck's Virgin and Child with CanonJoris van der Paele (figure 1) represents a historically important distinction between looking and understanding.1 Executed between 1434 and 1436, it depicts the Virgin Mary and infant Christ enthroned in a semicircular apse and flanked by Saints Donatian and George. Tucked neatly into this tight group is van der Paele himself, whom St George introduces to the Virgin and Child while St Donatian looks on. The canon glances up with a glazed expression from the book of hours he clutches close to his breast. He places his glasses upon the book, turning a page absent-mindedly with one hand while marking his place with the other. The narrative is clear: having come across some particularly edifying passage, van der Paele turns from his reading to meditate as the Virgin, Christ and saints appear before him. The canon's facial expression and gaze indicate that he is fundamentally disconnected from his surroundings. The inclusion of corrective lenses here reinforc...


This research aims to show what are the meanings that women with intellectual disabilities give to the experiences of being a woman and mother, alongside with the factors that facilitate and hinder this process. A qualitative methodology from the perspective of the interpretive paradigm was used, with a descriptive-exploratory methodological approach, the type of design that was used is symbolic interactionism, based on case study, where the sample is composed of three women with intellectual disabilities and the results were analyzed according to Grounded Theory. The principal conclusion obtained in this investigation is that the meanings attributed by this group of women studied on having been woman and mother are the femininity and domestic tasks, joined emotional factors and of taken care basic. An important finding is that this group of persons is vulnerable to that there is a transgression of kind as the violation of his more basic human rights in his daily life, they do not exercise his significant occupations of independent form, being victims of a situation of Occupational Apartheid and Occupational Injustice.


In this text, we analyze the presence of dramatic texts in the teaching of literature based on the previous experiences from the Curricula, as well as the current presence of dramatic texts in the Curriculum for the Sarajevo Canton. In the science and methodology of literature education, the issue of a lack and insufficiency of the dramatic genre in literature teaching has been recognized for a long time. Our objective is to present how dramatic texts may and have to be more present in teaching through more significant inter-subject correlation. Thereby the importance of scene education is emphasized, which is primarily acquired in the literature and language teaching, but it may be applied in the teaching of other subjects as well.


In order to further improve the property of Fe55 self-fluxing alloy powder.This paper,by using CO2 gas shielded welding,Fe55 self-fluxing alloy powder and the mixture powder of Fe55,WC and SiC were surfaced on 45# steel.Weld microstructure was observed using XJL-02A optical microscope,composition of hardfacing layer was analyzed using 2500PC XRD.Micro hardness of hardfacing layer and wear resistance were measured.The results show that the metallurgical bonding is realized between Fe55+15%W+6%SiC hardfacing layer and base,the microstructure of hardfacing layer is martensite and austenite,the strengthening phase is W3Cr12Si5,Cr3Si,etc.Micro hardness reaches 913HV.Wear resistance is twice than that of Fe55.


When thinking about this editorial, we knew we wanted to say something about creativity. Working creatively is a valuable means of accessing embodied knowledge and new insights about ourselves, our practice and our workplace cultures that can be used to inform development and transformation. However, being new to writing editorials, we first decided to have a look back through the journal's editorial archives and seek the wisdom of previous authors. In doing so, it was interesting to see that our first Academic Editor, Professor Jan Dewing, had written an editorial about being creative back in May 2012;we encourage you to have a look. Jan began: 'Yet again I recently heard someone saying they weren't a creative person... 'and this is something we both experience when working with others. Is this because the word creativity is perceived to refer to the arts – for example, crafting, painting, movement and music – rather than a broader understanding, as suggested by the dictionary definition below: 'The ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, patterns, relationships, or the like, and to create meaningful new ideas, forms, methods, interpretations, etc.;originality, progressiveness, or imagination '(dictionary.com). Taking this more expansive perspective opens up the possibility for us all to perceive ourselves as inherently creative. It could be argued that this creativity has come to the fore as we have adapted to new ways of living and working during the Covid-19 pandemic. While this crisis has brought huge uncertainty and challenge right across the complex mix of health and social care services, what has been remarkable is the ability people have shown to change their ways of working, to seek solutions – and to do so at pace. We believe this reflects the creative nature of human beings/persons. Oliver (2009) argues that creativity is everywhere, as humans and the world are constantly engaged in a process of making. He contends that we should view creativity as 'openness', which is person-oriented (Massey and Munt, 2009). In this way, we create the possibility for participatory exploration of the social, cultural and embodied context, and for improvisation and transformation, by engaging in people's 'interests, curiosities and passions '(Massey and Munt, 2009, p 305).


The authors present the analysis and design of current-fed Class-M, and voltage-fed Class-L zero current switching (ZCS) resonant inverters. These inverters are suitable for high voltage applications due to their parallel resonant nature. Operations of the circuits are illustrated by detailed descriptions. A design procedure and an example are presented and verified with experiments. A simple steady-state circuit model is also introduced.


A buoyancy-drag model for Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) mixing is developed on the premise that the bubble and spike regions behave as distinct and spanwise homogeneous fluids. Then, mass conservation is applied accross the mixing zone to obtain their average mixture densities dynamically. These are used to explicitly calculate the inertia and buoyancy terms in the evolutionary equation. The only unknown parameter in the model is the Newtonian drag constant C∼2.5±0.6, which is determined from turbulent RT experiments over various Atwood numbers A and acceleration histories g(t). The bubble (i=2) and spike (i=1) amplitudes are found to obey the familiar hi=αiAgt2 for a constant g and hi∼tθi for an impulsive g. For bubbles, both α2 and θ2 are insensitive to A. For the spikes, both α1 and θ1 increase as a power law with the density ratio. However, θ1 is not universal because it depends on the initial value of h1/h2.


The biological functions of murine melanoma‐associated antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (M562, M622 and M2590) were examined by using mutant clones which differed in their degree of expression of these antigens. Four clones of high expressors of 3 types of antigen (MEA group), 5 clones of low or non‐expressors of M562‐ and M622‐recognizing antigens (MEB group) and 4 clones of non‐expressor of GM3 recognized by M2590 (MEC group) were used. Attachment of these clones to components of extracellular matrix was different between the groups. Two clones of the MEA group showed the highest ability to adhere to laminin and type‐IV collagen, whereas the clones of the MEB and MEC groups significantly lost their ability to attach to laminin and type‐IV collagen. In experimental lung metastasis, metastasizing ability of MEA‐group cells was higher than that of MEB‐and MEC‐group cells. Our results suggest that these antigens play some functional role in metastasis mediated by increasing capacity for attachment to laminin and type‐IV collagen.


Objective To observe the effects of ketamine on calcium fluctuation in PC12 cell induced by bicuculline.Methods PC12 cells were cultured on culture plate coated with Poly-L-lysine(1 mg/ml) in DMEM containing 15% fetal calf serum, 25 ng/L NGF for 4 days. PC12 cells were loaded with 10 μmol/L Fluo-3 AM for 30 min, and then washed with dye free DMEM. Fluo-3 fluorescence(F) images were taken before and after bicuculline or ketamine. To calibrate the images, Fluo-3 was saturated by adding 50% Triton X-100 and then quenched with 0.2 mol EGTA for getting maximal and minimal fluorescence(Fmax and Fmin),respectively. Calcium concentrations were expressed as a function of the Fluo-3 fluorescence[(F-Fmin)/(Fmax-F)]. Results Ketamine did not alert the basic line of calcium concentration fluctuations in PC12 cells resulting from bicuculline.But it not only inhibited the increase of calcium concentration(P0.05), also decreased the duration between two calcium peaks in PC12 cells induced by bicuculline(P0.05). Conclusion Ketamine not only inhibits the increase of calcium concentration,but also decreases the cycle time of calcium concentration fluctuations in PC12 cells induced by bicuculline.


This important study of Franz Rosenzweig is among the first book-length forays into the silence surrounding Martin Heidegger in modern Jewish thought. In seeking to establish an elective affinity between these two thinkers, Gordon subverts the firewall established by Karl Löwith between Rosenzweig's passion for eternity and Heidegger's focus on the pure temporality of human existence (Dasein). In doing so, he bucks the link in contemporary Jewish philosophy between Rosenzweig and Levinas, in which an ethics based on a good beyond Being upends ontology as first philosophy. In Gordon's reading, eternity is to the Jewish people as Dasein is to Being. Jewish existence, understood ontologically, not metaphysically, assumes the uncanny, ungrounded, and self-sustaining character of Heideggerian authenticity. Ontologically radical, eternity thus becomes like time, a this-worldly framework, constituting the ultimate horizon of redemption.


PURPOSE: To improve a mechanical characteristic in a high temp. range by spinning a specified organosilicon compd. under an inert condition in the presence of a reaction gas or pyrolytically decomposing at a high temp. after heat treatment. CONSTITUTION: A polycarbosilane based on a structural unit expressed by the formula (R 1 is H, a halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, R 2 is a halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or arylalkyl and A is a linear or branched alkylene, arylene, substd. arylene or cycloalkylene) or a polysilane based on a monomer produced by a catalytic disproportionation of disilane or the organosilicn compd. of a polymer having a chemical reaction center such as polycarbosilane is spun under the inert condition in the presence of the reaction gas such as ammonia in a form of a mixture with argon or a pure form, or pyrolytically decomposed at a high temp. of ≥1,000°C under an anaerobic condition after stabilizing the dimensions by heat treatment. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Objective: to discuss universality as a structuring principle of health policies. Method: this as a theoreticalreflective study using philosophical concepts as a reference to discuss the principle of universality. Results: society in the contemporary world is characterized by a paradox: on one hand, segments of society seek universality as a structuring principle of health policies; in practice, we perceive an abandonment of the sense of humanity with a lost sight of the completeness of the individual as a person. Therefore, we need to understand universality as a principle based on the non-exclusion of the right for freedom but strengthening this right with the search of subsidies to best implement it. Universality means making human rights concrete and positive. Conclusion: it was concluded that only in a universal health system, guaranteed by the State, we could contemplate a more solidary society, and thus see the true meaning of the principle of universality. Descriptors: Universal Access to Health Services; Unified Health System; Health Policy.


Our investigation into architectural support for networking tasks began in late 1998, and it began with something of a coincidence. Fiuczynski was an active graduate student participant in the SPIN project at UW [2,3]. He had been writing a SPIN driver for a high-speed network interface card (NIC), and visited Crowley (at the time, a graduate student investigating the relationships between processor & memory architectures and desktop computer applications [4]) one afternoon to discuss the NIC's processor. Had either Fiuczynksi or Crowley been out of the office on that particular day, it is not clear that this collaboration would have emerged. As it happened, both were in the office that day and the NIC processor was very interesting: a dual-core MIPS-like processor built specifically for the NIC. In ensuing discussions, it became clear that-despite the simplicity of its instruction set and microarchitecture-the NIC processor was as a whole more interesting than the much larger and complex x86 processor of the host system. It was more interesting because, as a dual-core processor, it was different and in no way an incremental improvement upon the deeply pipelined CPUs that dominated computing at the time. (They still dominate PCs and servers, of course, but mobile, graphics and embedded chips represent a huge swath of relevant computing platforms today.) It represented evidence of a combination of commercial and technical justification for designing a new and different processor to handle networking tasks.


Massive transformation in high Nb bearing γ-TiAl-based alloys, Ti-45Al-7.5Nb and Ti-46Al-9Nb (at.%), and the thermal stability of the resulting microstructure were investigated. Using a quenching dilatometer, a nearly complete massive transformation in Ti-45Al-7.5Nb was found at about 1050°C after annealing at 1305°C for 10min and subsequent cooling with a rate of 55K/s. Higher starting temperatures and higher cooling rates lead to incomplete massive transformation and small transformed areas situated at the grain-boundary triple points of the parent α-grains are observed. By means of EBSD only in one case the same orientation of the close-packed planes of parent α-grains and of massively transformed γ M -areas was observed. The thermal stability of the microstructure of massively transformed Ti-46Al-9Nb sheet material was tested by annealing samples for 1 hour between 400 and 1200°C. Above 800°C a drop of hardness was measured and X-ray diffraction patterns show an increasing separation of (200)γ and (002)γ reflections as expected from a tetragonal γ-TiAl lattice. After annealing at 1100°C α2-phase segregates at grain boundaries and after 1200°C α2-lamellae appear insides the γ M -grains parallel to all four {111}γ-planes.


The aim of this study is to find out major accumulation zones through field survey and moving route tracking trials on floating debris of Nakdong River. It also identified composition and accumulated amount of the floating debris by sample survey for accumulation zones. As a result, total 5 accumulation zones were selected from the midstream and downstream of the Nakdong River. There was a large amount of floating debris, including vegetation debris, in the accumulation zones. And two accumulation zones located in the downstream region, it is much more likely to flow into the ocean along river. From the sample survey on the major accumulation zones, more than of floating debris were collected including vegetation and artificial debris. As a result of composition analysis for artificial debris, plastic(49%) and styrofoam(36%) were the majority in number. The present study is expected to help to plan an efficient pre-collecting activity and to reduce floating debris flowing into the ocean from the Nakdong River.


Abstract A 1129-day high quality rainfall dataset was collated, from the months of March to November 1993–97, where trade wind flow predominates across the northeast Queensland tropical coast. This dataset was matched with numerical model fields from the Australian regional limited area model. Synoptic precipitation regimes were identified by subjective classification of a major portion of the development data utilizing radar, surface, and upper-air data. With the aid of classification trees, a series of objective sorting criteria were developed to stratify the numerical model dataset into weather regimes prior to the development of a series of predictive equations for rainfall through screening regression. In addition to raw numerical model output, potential predictors with established links to trade wind precipitation were offered to the regression procedure. Rainfall equations were also developed by seasonal stratification of the development data. Further comparison was made with rainfall occurrence ou...


The attempt to marginalize Borges's philosophical investment is widespread and often buttressed by his own statements.1 For instance, in Unthinking Thinking: Jorge Luis Borges, Mathematics, and the New Physics, Floyd Merrell quotes Borges as saying that he is "neither a thinker nor a moralist, but simply a man of letters who turns his own perplexities and that respected system of perplexities we call philosophy into the forms of literature" (1991, ix).2 On another occasion, in response to María Esther Vázquez's observation that the literary critic Anderson Imbert had argued that Borges was "a nihilist with vast knowledge of all philosophical schools" and that "in each of his stories he had attempted a different philosophical direction without participating vitally in any of them," Borges simply remarks, "I am neither a philosopher nor a metaphysician; what I have done is to exploit [explotar: also 'explode'], or to explore—a more noble word—the literary possibilities of philosophy" (Vásquez 1977, 105; my translation).3 Moreover, of the claim that he was an idealist, Borges observes, "if I have a share in that philosophy, it has been for the particular propositions of the story and while I was writing it" (105). On more than one occasion Daniel Balderston has followed Chilean philosopher Carla Cordua, who, Balderston affirms, "argues that Borges was not a metaphysician and, hence, that for him 'the philosophical element, first isolated from its context and then treated not as a concept but as a thing or as a singular existing situation, is thus removed from its medium, separated from the function it had in that


Jiang-Tao Zhong Qi Yu Shui-Hong Zhou 1 Er Yu Yang-Yang Bao Zhong-Jie Lu Jun Fan 1Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China Background: Radiotherapy does not show good efficacy against laryngeal cancer due to radioresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered among the causes of radioresistance. Inhibition of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) using GLUT-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) may enhance the radiosensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: The CD133-Hep-2R cell line was established with repeated irradiation and magnetic-activated cell sorting. The effects of irradiation on CD133-Hep-2R cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting. The effects of GLUT-1 siRNA on the radiosensitivity of CD133-Hep-2/2R cells were examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay in vitro and in a xenograft tumor model in nude mice. The cellular mechanism of enhanced radiosensitivity associated with GLUT-1 siRNA was investigated. The cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the repair capability was examined by determining the levels of RAD51 and DNA-PKcs. Results: CD133-Hep-2/2R cells showed stronger proliferation, lower apoptosis rate, lower percentage of G0/G1 phase cells, higher percentages of S and G2/M phase cells, and higher expression levels of GLUT-1 than Hep-2/2R cells. Transfection with GLUT-1 siRNA inhibited the proliferation and invasive capability of CD133-Hep-2R cells by inhibiting GLUT-1 expression, which also caused a redistribution of the cell cycle (higher proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and lower proportion in the S and G2/M phases), increased the apoptosis rate, and reduced DNA repair capability by suppressing RAD51 and DNA-PKcs expression. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that GLUT-1 siRNA can enhance the radiosensitivity of CD133-Hep-2R cells by inducing a redistribution of cell cycle phases, inhibiting DNA repair capability, and increasing apoptosis. Inhibition of GLUT-1 may have therapeutic potential for interventions to increase the radiosensitivity of laryngeal CSCs.


The article is to analyze the spatial structure, type structure and the existent main problems of water landscape in Hangzhou. Aiming at "clear water, liquidity, green bank, beautiful scenery, livability, prosperity", the tasks and construction targets of the mechanism of Hangzhou water landscape are studied form the perspectives of wellhead protection zone, transport water landscape and urban water landscape. In order to solve the problems like dirty, black and odorous urban water, the guiding ideology and comprehensive governance measures are proposed.


The research\'s main objective is to analyze two pieces of Malaysian legislation, the Digital Signature Act 1997, and the Computer Crimes Act, 1997.


Bulk analysis in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has commonly made use of large one-volume ablation cells. These ablation cells offer significant dispersion of aerosols, resulting in...


The research discussed in this paper was prompted by the writer's interest in the roles of England's small country ("market") towns. It has two aims: first, to discover the extent to which the work programmes announced in the British government's Rural White Paper (RWP 2000) (DETR-MAFF 2000) are recognised by town clerks, and second, to find out what town councils are doing, either on their own, or with others, and to gauge the potential and desire that they have for a greater degree of autonomy. In both cases the data was gathered from an online questionnaire sent to town clerks.


Three sets of experiments are described, all based on the electrical responses recorded in the olfactory bulb of salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. kisutch) when various natural waters, or modified natural waters, were infused into the nostril.In the first experiments it was found that, generally, the most vigorous response was evoked by the home spawning area water and relatively less vigorous responses were evoked by waters in which the tested salmon had never been. However, an exceptional situation was found in which a strange water (Issaquah River) evoked olfactory responses in Soos Creek and University of Washington salmon that could not be distinguished from the home water response.Chinook salmon that had been reared in a freshwater hatchery for 2 years and then placed in sea water for 2 weeks retained their home water response in sea water. Placing chinook salmon in a small volume of fresh water, which had previously evoked only a slight bulbar electroencephalographic (EEG) response, rendered ...


In this paper, two competing types of multistep predictors, i.e., plug-in and direct predictors, are considered in autoregressive (AR) processes. When a working model AR(k) is used for the h-step prediction with h > 1, the plug-in predictor is obtained from repeatedly using the fitted (by least squares) AR(k) model with an unknown future value replaced by their own forecasts, and the direct predictor is obtained by estimating the h-step prediction model's coefficients directly by linear least squares. Under rather mild conditions, asymptotic expressions for the mean-squared prediction errors (MSPEs) of these two predictors are obtained in stationary cases. In addition, we also extend these results to models with deterministic time trends. Based on these expressions, performances of the plug-in and direct predictors are compared. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate that some stationary case results on these MSPEs can not be generalized to the nonstationary case.The author is deeply grateful to the co-editor Pentti Saikkonen and two referees for their helpful suggestions and comments on a previous version of this paper.


There is increasing evidence that HIV-1 may interact with components associated with the nuclear envelope (NE) during the infection of dividing and non-dividing cells. This ensures correct nuclear import and integration, suggesting that NE may be of greater importance than is currently appreciated. Previous studies have shown that HIV 1 interacts with the nuclear pore complex, followed by nuclear import of the pre-integration complex and preferential integration into genomic areas that are topologically in close proximity to the inner nuclear membrane. To identify host proteins that may contribute to these processes, we performed an overexpression screen of known membrane-associated NE proteins. Two nuclear membrane associated proteins SUN1/UNC84A and SUN2/UNC84B, members of the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton complex, were shown to efficiently block nuclear import of certain HIV-1 laboratory strains (HIV-1NL4.3 and HIV-1IIIB) as well as natural strains upon overexpression. The amino-terminal 85-90 amino acid residues were identified as being required for the SUN1-mediated block and it was further demonstrated that the amino-terminal domains of SUN1 and SUN2 interact with HIV-1 in a capsid (CA)-specific way. To test whether depletion of endogenous SUN proteins causes differences in HIV-1 infection, SUN1-/- and SUN2-/- cells were generated with CRISPR/Cas9 and it was found that SUN1 absence did not have any detectable effect on HIV-1 infectivity, whereas the loss of SUN2 resulted in a modest suppressive effect in the accumulation of viral cDNA in the nucleus. The analysis with HIV 2 and other retroviruses suggests that SUN2 gene disruption affects HIV 1 specifically and does not involve any unspecific block to nuclear import. This block to infection was further analyzed in U87MG CD4 / CXCR4 cells with shRNA-reduced SUN2 expression. In this case, the reduction of SUN2 levels resulted in a 5-fold decrease in HIV-1 infection after 24h, in comparison to control cells while infection increased to wild type levels 48h post infection. Overall, the data suggest that SUN2 may help promote the early stages of HIV-1 infection, while the contribution of SUN1 needs to be further investigated.
The role of the CA protein and its connection to IFN-α-induced suppression was also investigated, by analyzing the infectivities of HIV-1 CA mutants N74D, A105T, as well as P90A. Despite their relative resistance to ectopically expressed MX2, these CA mutants showed an increased sensitivity to the IFN-α-induced post entry block, which was not dependent on MX2 antiviral activity. The data suggests that CA protein and the capsid core may protect incoming HIV-1 nucleic acids not only from being detected by cytoplasmic DNA sensors, but also from IFN-α-induced effectors, thereby providing dual protection against host defense mechanism.


AbstrcatDuring the process of Marketization of Interest Rate in China,the Commercial Bank will face with tremendous Interest Rate Risk.The Interest Rate Risk Management of Commercial Banks is inevitable.This paper analyzes completely the formation and influence of Interest Rate Risk and points out that duration is the trend of Interest Rate Risk Measurement methods,based on which we bring in the concept of "Equity-Duration".We measure completely the Interest Rate Risk of Commercial Banks with Equity-Duration and discuss deeply the application environment of Equity-Duration.


Bromine is often used in agrochemicals, especially for citrus fruit protection, but it is rarely analysed in sediments, water or biota. This is probably because it is generally not considered as a pollutant harmful for human health. However, recent toxicological, epidemiologic and clinical studies have been shown evidences on the bromine role in bladder cancer in relation to humans exposure to brominated trihalomethanes in drinking water and swimming pools were bromine is used as a disinfectant (Cantor et al. 1998; Cantor et al. 2010; King and Marrett 1996; McGeehin et al. 1993; Villanueva et al. 2004; Villanueva et al. 2007, Richardson et al. 2010, Gan et al. 2013). In this survey we have investigated mortality rates and disease incidences of all malignant neoplasms (C00.0-C97.0) and malignant neoplasms of the bladder (C67.0-C67.9) for the period 1999-2008 in Dubrovacko-Neretvanska County (DNC) and delta of the Neretva River. Neretva delta valley is the largest citrus producing area in Croatia. The results showed that despite a steady increase, the mortality rates of all cancers in the DNC were below the Croatian average, while mortality rates of the bladder cancer were above it. In order to investigate if there is a correlation between concentrations of bromine in the environment and health of the local population, we have collected and analysed 506 samples of sediment and soil and disease incidence data for 7 municipalities in the Neretva delta valley, which are the smallest administrative units for which health data inventory has been conducted. Samples were dried in an oven at 105°C and analysed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent, which is as a non-destructive method very suitable for bromine analysis. Bromine concentrations in Neretva valley varied between 5 and 5400 mg/kg. Median was 390 mg/kg. Those values are much above concentrations reported in the literature (Kabata, Pendias and Pendias 1984; Lalor 1995). Linear regression analysis of bromine medians in sediments and soils calculated for municipalities Slivno, Zažablje, Kula Norinska, Pojezerje, Ploč e, Metkovič and Opuzen and their average bladder cancer incidence for 10 years period showed statistically significant correlation (r=0,73, p<0,05). Among additionally analyzed elements (K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Pb) only potassium showed positive correlation although not statistically significant (r=0,62, p<0,05). Since potassium is also an element commonly used in agricultural measures, it could be concluded that both elements have the anthropogenic source of distribution related to intensive agricultural activities in the Neretva valley. Humans may be exposed to bromine substances in sediment and soil by direct inhalation of air dust or volatiles, indirect consumption of contaminated food and water, or inhalation and dermal absorption during bathing, showering and recreation in contaminated water. Soil salinity, which is often associated with intensive agricultural activities in coastal areas, significantly influences the solubility of some chemicals and increases the threat of human exposure to toxic elements (Romic et al. 2012).


The geoprocessing techniques have been increasingly recurrent in understanding the effects caused by human activities on the environment. This study aimed to apply a mapping methodology to building a probabilistic prediction model, that could be able to demonstrate through the future scenarios, changes in land use and vegetation cover, using the model of Markov Chains, enabling the analysis of the impact caused by the spatial-temporal transition level and between the land uses and the sugar cane plantation in protected areas and their buffer zones. For this, was used the Markov model for the construction of a future probabilistic prediction, to a 20 years scenario, due to the advancement of sugarcane activity in the region. Thus, we found that pastures and agriculture, especially the sugar cane activity, act incisively on the contribution of changes and advances on classes of forests and riparian forests, with probabilities over than 30% of their areas being replaced by these human activities in both the Buffer Zone, as well inside the reserve.


This chapter seeks to contribute to the ongoing debates in the domain of Participatory Design by discussing the various trends and questions within the context of the Health Information Systems Programme (HISP) initiative ongoing over nearly two decades. The focus in this chapter is to discuss issues of Participatory Design during the course of the design, development, implementation and scaling of the DHIS software within an action research framework in the context of the public health sector in variousdevelopingcountries.Further,wediscussParticipatoryDesignwithrespecttochangesovertime in technological and political contexts and the challenges following from that; from stand-alone MS O ffi ce to cloud computing and fully open source technology – enabling local Participatory Design! In this chapter, we try to describe this rather complex HISP movement over time following three broad phases; ' traditional ' Participatory Design; pilots and networking Participatory Design, and Participatory Design and web technologies. After this historical reconstruction, we describe and discuss current trends and challenges, focusing on the new area of cloud computing and the need for integration with other systems. We elaborate on practical challenges and potentials of doing Participatory Design in the context of developing countries and in a longitudinal perspective. The reader will learn about Participatory Design in a global development perspective and about the importance of networking Participatory Design projects and to share software, lessons and resources across countries ' South – North – South ' as a way to achieve sustainability and scalability. Rapid spread of communication technologies such as mobile Internet is currently changing the context for Participatory Design in developing countries. The chapter provides the reader with analysis and discussion on the potential for Participatory Design and empowerment


The Birth of Pleasure. Carol Gilligan. New York: Knopf. 2002. 256 pp. ISBN 0-679-44037-2. $24.00 (cloth). In her latest book, psychologist Carol Gilligan (In A Different Voice) presents a sweeping metaanalysis of love in the grip of patriarchal relationships and offers a road map embedded within cultural stories to experience this emotion as pleasure, rather than tragedy. Gilligan draws from a wide array of sources to support her claim that patriarchy disrupts love with hierarchy, setting up gendered and generational inequalities, and is predicated, if not dependent upon, the tragic suffering faced by participants in these social arrangements. Her reach extends across cultures and over time, employing evidence from selected sources: Shakespeare, Proust, Hawthorne, Anne Frank, Michael Ondaatje, Toni Morrison, and Arundhati Roy as well as from clinical research settings she has direct access to: observations of parental-son departures and greetings in kindergarten, interviews with adolescent girls, and therapeutic counseling sessions with couples in crisis, with colleague Terrence Real. Gilligan seeks foundational truths about love in relationships by delving into the "emotional epicenter of patriarchy" (p. 56). Her goal is to uncover the rifts in the story linking love to emotional trauma, to find the place where a relationship can and does gives birth to pleasure. Underpinning her analysis is the myth of love gained, lost, and found again, the story of Cupid and Psyche in The Oresteia, by Aeschylus. Throughout her presentation of these stories, Gilligan highlights decision points offering actors the possibility of emotionally honest love in relationship with others, specifically lovers, children, and parents. Gilligan's work here is provocative, and as such, provides many points for discussion, critique, and even dismissal. Her use of story to frame emotional cadences of modern relationships is both daring and disappointing. Gilligan departs from standard social science rhetoric to weave an analysis derived from unreplicable research and metaphorical language that rings true from many angles on the surface, but is elusive for social scientists more familiar with the rhetoric of empirical scientific methodology. Daring, because people use stories in their everyday construction of reality, and Gilligan's use of these stories highlights how these stories become the living history of relationships. However, her analysis of the connection between these emotional stories and people's everyday lives is less satisfying because the overall context in which emotional stories are played out is broadly cast as "love," "pleasure," "patriarchy," "democracy," or "dissociation," without much fine-grained detail using sociological concepts such as income inequality, domestic divisions of labor and parenting, and physical or sexual abuse and trauma. …


We consider the class of inclusive hadron collider processes in which one or more energetic jets are produced, possibly accompanied by colourless particles. We provide a general formulation of a slicing scheme for this class of processes, by identifying the various contributions that need to be computed up to next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD perturbation theory. We focus on two novel observables, the one-jet resolution variable $\Delta E_t$ and the $n$-jet resolution variable $k_{T}^{\mathrm{ness}}$, and explicitly compute all the ingredients needed to carry out NLO computations using these variables. We contrast the behaviour of these variables when the slicing parameter becomes small. In the case of $k_{T}^{\mathrm{ness}}$ we also present results for the hadroproduction of multiple jets.


significantly change shape during flight. The research discussed in this paper focuses upon the shape design of morphing airfoil sections. In the efforts herein, the relative strain energy needed to change from one airfoil shape to another is presented as an additional design objective along with a drag design objective, while constraints are enforced on lift. Solving the resulting multi-objective problem generates a range of morphing airfoil designs that representthebesttradeoffsbetweenaerodynamicperformanceandmorphingenergyrequirements.Fromthemultiobjective solutions, a designer can select a set of airfoil shapes with a low relative strain energy that requires a small actuation cost and with improved aerodynamic performance at the design conditions.


We describe 100 nm gate length PD-SOI transistors with the best SOI I/sub on/-I/sub off/ characteristics reported for the 0.18 /spl mu/m technology generation. SOI inverter delay is 7.4 ps at Vdd=1.5 V and L/sub gate/=100 nm. Inverter delays show 16% (fanout=1) and 8% Vdd(V) (fanout=4) improvement over comparable bulk CMOS. Scaling analysis for PD-SOI shows a reduced role for junction capacitance and an increased history effect for scaled devices, so that SOI has significantly diminished performance gain relative to bulk CMOS for 50 nm devices (0.1 /spl mu/m generation).


The life cycle of nonlinear internal waves (NIWs) to the southeast of Hainan Island in the northwestern South China Sea is investigated using synergistic satellite observations, in situ measurements, and numerical simulations. A three-dimensional, fully nonlinear and nonhydrostatic model with ultrafine resolution shows that a diurnal internal tide emanates from a sill in the Xisha Islands at approximately 215 km away from the local shelf break. The internal tide transits the deep basin toward the shelf break and reflects at the sea bottom and seasonal thermocline in the form of a wave beam. Arriving at the shelf break, the internal tide undergoes nonlinear transformation and produces an undular bore. Analyses of in situ measurements reveal that the undular bore appears as sharp depressions of the strong near-surface seasonal thermocline. The undular bore gradually evolves into an internal solitary wave train on the midshelf, which was detected by the spaceborne synthetic aperture radar. This finding has great implications for investigating NIWs in other coastal oceans where waves are controlled by remotely generated internal tides.


Abstract We present a reverse phase liquid chromatographic assay involving pre-column o-phthalaldehyde derivatization and fluorescence detection with the capability of measuring dezocine in human serum and urine for pharmacokinetic or forensic purposes. It features a simple liquid-liquid extraction scheme using hexane, conservative detection limits of 1 ng/ml, linearity to 1000 ng/ml, precision of 10% (CV%) in the low ng/ml region, approximate chromatography time of 25 minutes and the use of a new internal standard, WY-19083.


The concept of Special Educational Needs (SEN), introduced by UNESCO in the '90s, determined the development of a constant concern of the specialists in physical education and sport to specify the special educational needs that require to be respected when addressing children presenting peculiarities of growth and development. Peculiarities of people with special educational needs in physical exercise practice require additional measures to those in general education. Through sport, children with special educational needs have the opportunity to experiment unprecedented life situations, to acquire a high degree of autonomy and have access to new cultural activities that encourage social integration.


Screening of cowpea [Vigna unguiculala (L.) Walp.] germplasm for additional resistance to the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, revealed an accession (IT84S-2049) from Africa with resistance to diverse populations of both root-knot species. The resistance was effective against nematode isolates that are virulent to the resistance gene Rk present in commercial cowpea cultivars, in addition to isolates of gene Rk-avirulent populations. This study was conducted to elucidate the inheritance of a newly identified, highly effective source of resistance, and to determine its relationship to gene Rk in existing cultivars. Egg mass production on root systems of plants in growth pouches was used to assess susceptibility-resistance of F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , BC 1 ,F 1 , BC 1 ,F 2 , and TC 1 populations generated from crosses ofIT84S-2049 with California Blackeye no. 3 (CB3, susceptible), CB5, or CB46 (both possessing Rk). Segregation of resistance to gene Rk-virulent M. incognita in progenies from IT84S-2049 x CB3 showed that resistance in IT84S- 2049 is governed by one dominant nuclear gene. No susceptible recombinants were found among 1206 F 2 and 1144 TC 1 progeny from IT84S-2049 x CB5 or CB46 and inoculated with Rk-avirulent M. incognita (used to detect both resistance phenotypes). Resistance in ITM84S-2049 is conferred by an additional dominant allele of the Rk locus, or by another gene locus very tightly linked to Rk within 0.17 map units. We propose the symbol Rk 2 to designate this new resistance factor in IT84S-2049. Thus, Rk may be a complex nematode resistance locus, analogous to those reported for other plant pathogen-host combinations.


Five new unsymmetrical aza-macrocycles, incorporating sp 2 and sp 3 nitrogen atoms as donor sites and with donor group-bearing side arms attached to the sp 3 nitrogen atoms, L 1-L 5, were synthesized. Their complexes with different kinds of metal cations such as Na +, K +, Cu 2+, Co 2+, Ni 2+, Hg 2+, Cd 2+, Ru 2+, were prepared and characterized by EA, IR, UV, NMR and MS spectroscopy. Some of the ligands can efficiently transport alkali and transition metal cations across an organic membrane with high transport selectivity ratio, especially in the case of Na +/K + selectivity for L 1 and Hg 2+/Ni 2+ selectivity for L 2.


The multifunctional dibenzazocine 2 and its benzylidene derivative 3 have been shown to take part in a variety of rearrangement reactions to produce novel heterocycles. Heterochrysenes 5 and 6 are formed from 3 on treatment with hydroxylamine and ethylamine respectively. The novel spiro-compounds 7 and 9 are obtained from 2 with aniline (at 120 °C) and NaIO4 (or SeO2) oxidation respectively, and acid and amine treatment of 2 gives the isocoumarin 10 and isoquinolines 8(a–c) respectively. Alkaline hydrolysis of 2 gives the deoxybenzoin 11 from which 5, 7, 8(a–c), 9 and 10 are also obtainable leading to mechanistic suggestions for the formation of these compounds. Treatment of 10 with Lawesson's reagent gives the thionoisocoumarin 13.


Novelty detection, a widely studied problem in machine learning, is the problem of detecting a novel class of data that has not been previously observed. A common setting for novelty detection is inductive whereby only examples of the negative class are available during training time. Transductive novelty detection on the other hand has only witnessed a recent surge in interest, it not only makes use of the negative class during training but also incorporates the (unlabeled) test set to detect novel examples. Several studies have emerged under the transductive setting umbrella that have demonstrated its advantage over its inductive counterpart. Depending on the assumptions about the data, these methods go by different names (e.g. transductive novelty detection, semi-supervised novelty detection, positive-unlabeled learning, out-of-distribution detection). With the use of generative adversarial networks (GAN), a segment of those studies have adopted a transductive setup in order to learn how to generate examples of the novel class. In this study, we propose TransductGAN, a transductive generative adversarial network that attempts to learn how to generate image examples from both the novel and negative classes by using a mixture of two Gaussians in the latent space. It achieves that by incorporating an adversarial autoencoder with a GAN network, the ability to generate examples of novel data points offers not only a visual representation of novelties, but also overcomes the hurdle faced by many inductive methods of how to tune the model hyperparameters at the decision rule level. Our model has shown superior performance over state-of-the-art inductive and transductive methods. Our study is fully reproducible with the code available publicly.


The power frequency parameters and frequency characteristic parameters of the Chenjia grounding lines of Southern Hami-Zhengzhou ±800 kV Converter are measured before the grounding lines are put into operation in order to provide a basis for calculating system stability and setting relay protection. According to the operation mode of the grounding lines, conclusions are drawn as follows: 1 Considering the skin effect, the measured AC resistance value for bipolar operation is slightly larger than the DC resistance value; 2For the impedance frequency characteristic of 47.5 and 52.5 Hz, the power frequency parameters are calculated by the weighted average method, and the results are very close to the frequency of 50 Hz measured imdepance values; 3 The frequency characteristics of zero sequence resistance rises with the increase in frequency due to the skin effect; 4The zero sequence inductance decreases slightly with the increase in frequency because the conductivity of the earth increases with ascending frequency; and 5The zero sequence capacitance keeps steady with frequency, and EMTP simulation verifies the trend.


It is necessary to use geomagnetism in many areas of social production and daily life.Based on magnetoresistance sensor,this paper presents a design of electric box and needle that involves a accelerometer sensor,a thermometer sensor,the A/D converter(ADS8364) and DSP micro controller(MC56F8366),etc.This design can compensate obliquity,and it is proved to work well in directing.


International Trade (IT) plays a fundamental role in today's economy: by connecting world countries production and consumption processes, it radically contributes in shaping their economy and development path. Although its evolving structure and determinants have been widely analyzed in the literature, much less has been done to understand its interplay with other complex phenomena. The aim of this work is, precisely in this direction, to study the relations of IT with International Migration (IM) and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). In both cases the procedure used is to first approach the problem in a multiple-networks perspective and than deepen the analysis by using ad hoc econometrics techniques. With respect to IM, a general positive correlation with IT is highlighted and product categories for which this effect is stronger are identified and cross-checked with previous classifications. Next, employing spatial econometric techniques and proposing a new way to define country neighbors based on the most intense IM flows, direct/indirect network effects are studied and a stronger competitive effect of third country migrants is identified for a specific product class. In the case of FDI, first correlations between the two networks are identified, highlighting how they can be mostly explained by countries economic/demographic size and geographical distance. Then, using the Heckman selection model with a gravity equation, (non-linear) components arising from distance, position in the Global Supply Chain and presence of Regional Trade Agreements are studied. Finally, it is shown how IT and FDI correlation changes with sectors: they are complements in manufacturing, but substitutes in services.


This paper examines several common features that animate Stuart Scheingold's The Politics of Rights and The Political Novel. In exploring the affinities between these contrasting works, the paper takes up Scheingold's engagement with the cultural imagination – the legal imagination in The Politics of Rights and the literary imagination in The Political Novel – and shows how this engagement informs Scheingold's analysis of illusion, dualism, contingency, and agency.


Objective:To Study the significance of expressions of p27~kipl and MMP-9 and correlation between them in colorectal carcinoma.Methods:The expressions of p27~kipl and MMP-9 in 216 colorectal carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemistry,and then the correlation between them was analyzed.Results:The positive p27~kipl expression rate was 76.9%(166/216), while low expression rate was 65.3%(141/216).Of 73 colorectal carcinoma, p27~kipl expression was positive both in nuclear and cytoplasm. The positive MMP-9 expression rate was 76.9%(166/216), while high expression rate was 65.3%(141/216). p27~kipl and MMP-9 expressions had significant correlation with differentiation extent,Dukes′ staging, survival period, lymph-node metastasis and distant metastasis(P0.05).Conclusions:Down-expression of p27~kipl and over-expression of MMP-9 may play a key role in the development of colorectal carcinoma. The detection of p27~kipl and MMP-9 expressions could be an indicator to judge the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.


Microstructures of Si nanowires (SiNW's) synthesized using laser ablation were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The SiNW's have a high density of structural defects, which may play an important role in the formation of SiNW's and in the determination of the morphology of the nanowires. A model for the growth mechanism of the SiNW's was discussed on the basis of the observation.


Bullies intimidate and coerce as well as abuse victims. They may also influence both victims and bystanders to actively and/or passively encourage them. Effective bullying interventions must address the complex, triadic interactions between bullies, victims and bystanders that perpetuate these destructive power dynamics. Psychotherapists and psychoanalysts often encounter similar power struggles in their work. Barely conscious sadomasochistic dynamics interfere with efforts to be helpful. The psychoanalytic concept of the "symbolic third" offers the clinician a way to step back and to monitor coercive power dynamics in the dyadic treatment relationship. Ogden's "intersubjective third" expands the concept of the third to emphasize the potential benefits of the complex, shared unconscious space created by the therapeutic dyad (Ogden, 1994). More recently, Benjamin introduced the idea of a "moral third". The "moral third" adds an essential dimension of "uncertainty, humility and compassion" to the role of the third (Benjamin, 2004). The moral third parallels the vital role of the helpful bystander who has the moral conviction and courage to disrupt the power imbalance in the bully/victim/bystander triad that perpetuates bullying. Understanding the values of the "third" position offers potential strategies to interrupt bullying as well as to prevent it.


Retrospective studies are often unsatisfactory because of the absence of important data. This is certainly true of biographies. For a pediatrician the study of the early life of persons destined for world fame is fascinating—though often disappointing because so often facts which one would particularly like to know about a person's childhood are unknown and unrecorded. Often, one feels biographical details are more anecdotal than factual; yet there is much to be learned from a study of the more useful biographies—and what one learns is not just a matter of interest. It is of much value in counselling distraught parents and teachers who are dismayed by the behavior, appearance, backwardness or poor progress of their charges.


In this paper, we assume that sensor nodes organize the multi-hop networks, are fixed, and operate as full function devices(FFD). The wireless sensor network(WSN) only consists of mobile nodes without the assistance from the fixed infrastructure, which increases the flexibility of the network. However, it is difficult to perform routing in the WSN, since sensor nodes freely join in and drop out of the network, and some sensor nodes have very low power. We propose the algorithm combining routing schemes based on the bitmap and cluster methods in this paper. Through computer simulations, we show the validity of the proposed algorithm.


Volunteer environments usually consist of a large number of computing nodes, with highly dynamic characteristics, therefore reliable models for a planning of the whole computing are highly desired. An easy to implement approach to mo- delling and simulation of such environments may employ agent-based universal simulation frameworks, such as RePast or MASON. In the course of the paper the above-mentioned simulation frameworks are adapted to support simulation of volunteer computing. After giving implementation details, selected results concerning computing time and speedup are given and are compared with the ones obtained from an actual volunteer environment.


This work investigated the effects of graphene and SiO2 addition on the mechanical and fracture properties of epoxy (80%) - Polylactic acid (PLA) (20 %) composites. Epoxy-PLA composites were loaded with graphene and SiO2 (0.1-0.5 wt. % with equal weightage of each filler), and were manufactured by bath sonication followed by manual casting.  The tensile, flexural strength and fracture toughness of nanocomposites increased with an increase in filler concentration till it reached 0.3 wt. %. The addition of filler content higher than 0.3 wt. % drastically reduced the mechanical and fracture properties. The fractured surfaces from the tensile tests were examined using Scanning electron microscopy imaging to understand the effects of filler addition. The numerical analysis was also performed to simulate the impact of filler concentration on the tensile strength of nanocomposites using representative volume element (RVE) in ANSYS workbench.


Abstract: The role of strong emotions in eliciting asthmatic exacerbations has been discussed in psychosomatic theory for decades. This relationship has mostly been studied in asthmatic individuals, while healthy control groups have received limited attention. Measuring procedures have partially been held responsible for conflicting results. We tested a new laboratory method on 20 healthy volunteers to examine the influence of emotions on airway obstructions. Short affective states were induced by presenting a negative (sadness), a positive (amusement), and a neutral movie clip lasting about 2 min with participants being seated in the glass box of a whole body plethysmograph - the gold standard for measuring airway resistance (Raw). Raw, specific airway resistance (sRaw), and thoracic gas volume (TGV) were measured in a baseline condition and immediately after each video presentation; in addition, sRaw was measured before and during each clip presentation. Based on subjects' ratings, the relevant affectiv...


The subject innovation discloses a jjimjilgi a combination of safety features with the human body beneficial substance release, the heat storage function, such as the far-infrared and phytoncide. Jjimjilgi of the subject innovation are coated to a coating material for a far-infrared emitting component, unlike other techniques. Also jjimjilgi of the subject innovation is the column temperature at which the heating element and shall be composed of nonflammable so as to respectively cover the ceramic body, transmitted to the lid that is not in contact with the column body which is for real poultice transmitted to the cap in contact with the human body, unlike the like thickness different and so, even in the heat storage function to cut off the power to be able to be maintained a constant temperature for an extended period of time. The subject innovation also to an active coping is possible in the event of failure of the temperature sensor and at least two constituting a thermal fuse detects the heating temperature of the heating element.


Introduction Prologue: Knowledge, Religion and Education in Early Modern India 1 British Fears and Indian Society in the Emergence of Missionary Education, 1860-1920 2 Between East and West: Missionary Aims and Representations of India 3 The Failures of Education and its Infrastructural and Sociological Limits 4 Religious Interaction, the Curriculum and Indian Contestations 5 Maintaining Missionary Influence: Nationalism, Politics and the Raj, 1870-1920 Epilogue: Knowledge, Nationalism and Empire in late Colonial India


N THE AUTUMN of 211 B.C.,1 the Romans made an alliance with the Aitolians.2 They hoped thereby to counter a treaty struck previously between Philip V and Hannibal (in 215) by occupying the Macedonian king with a war in Greece. According to Livy's account (XXVI.24.8), the Aitolians were particularly impressed by the Roman promise to help them recover dominance over their western neighbor Akarnania (Fig. 1). Some fifty years before, Aitolia had tried to gain control there by means of a treaty stipulating Loo7oroXLELa.3 Disputes arose concerning the treaty's application which persisted until Aitolia made an agreement with Alexander II of Epeiros (ca. 252-250) to invade Akarnania, forcefully dissolve its KOLV'O'V, and partition the territory. As a matter of course, the southern poleis fell to Aitolia, the northern ones to Epeiros.4 This arrangement lasted some twenty years before the northern cities regained their independence and established a new KOLVO) whose major policy was the liberation of the south. This they managed to achieve with the help of Philip V who campaigned successfully in southern Akarnania in 219. By the time the Aitolians were forced to recognize the new status quo in the treaty of Naupaktos (217 B.C.), all the cities but Stratos seem to have been liberated from their control.5 The Aitolians were quite displeased with this situation, and presumably their mood was communicated to the Romans by certain Aitolian principes who were cautiously approached in 212 by the


Abstract An environmentally benign reaction is devised for the synthesis of cyanamides from dithiocarbamate salts using iodine and H2O2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Simple Summary As a consequence of the increased use of plant ingredients in marine fish diets, there is a trend for a reduction in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content and an increase in carbohydrates in aquafeeds. Thus, it is important to understand the ways in which such dietary modifications impact the health status and disease resistance of fish. Considering this, we evaluated the effects of high dietary inclusions of arachidonic acid (ARA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) together with high or low inclusion of digestible carbohydrates (CHO) before and after a bacterial challenge with killed Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) on selected immune parameters. Our results showed that high dietary ARA levels improved the fish immune response to a bacterial challenge. The dietary CHO provides important energy to promote a fast response of the gilthead sea bream immune system. Abstract This study aims to assess the effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios and CHO content in the immune response of gilthead seabream. For that purpose, gilthead sea bream juveniles (initial body weight = 47.5 g) were fed for 84 days with four isoproteic (47% crude protein) and isolipidic (18% crude lipids) diets with high (20%) or low (5%) level of gelatinized starch (HS or LS diets, respectively) and included approximately 2.4% ARA or DHA. At the end of the trial, the DHA-enriched groups presented increased red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, plasmatic nitric oxide (NO) content, and antiprotease and alternative complement activities. The ARA groups had increased thrombocyte count, and plasmatic bactericidal activity against Vibrio anguillarum was lower in the fish fed the ARA/LS diet. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of killed Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) and sampled at 4 and 24 h after the challenge. At 4 h after i.p., the ARA groups presented increased plasma total immunoglobulins (Ig) and bactericidal activity against V. anguillarum. In addition, the fish fed the ARA/LS diet presented lower white blood cell (WBC) and alternative complement activity. At 24 h after i.p., the ARA groups presented increased RBC, WBC, and thrombocyte numbers, total IG, plasma peroxidase activity, and casp3 expression in the distal intestine. The HS groups presented increased plasma NO content and bactericidal activity against Phdp and decreased protease, antiprotease activity, and bactericidal activity against V. anguillarum. In conclusion, high dietary DHA levels seemed to improve the immune status of unchallenged gilthead sea bream juveniles, while high dietary ARA levels improved the fish immune response to a bacterial challenge. The energy provided by dietary starch seems to be important to promote a fast response by the fish immune system after a challenge.


Cloud services are an increasing, using, and delivery model of Internet-based related services, which usually involve the provision of dynamic, easy-scalable and often virtualized resources through the Internet. In this study, researchers discuss students' learning motivation intensity in cohort study under the smart cloud platform service and the motivation-behavior gap that influence Chinese students' second language learning in smart cloud platform service.


Adaptive signal processing or adaptive filter design is continuous research topic in digital filtering. Some adaptive algorithms including a gradient type algorithm for blind system [Higa et al., 1999], an algorithm for lattice all-pass filter with minimum multipliers [Okello et al., 1999], Sign-Sign algorithm based on Gaussian distributed tap weights [Koike, 2000], INLMS algorithm [Fujii et al., 2000], and an algorithm for cascaded notch filter [Okello et al., 2001] were investigated. An analysis method for adaptive filters using LMS algorithm [Koike, 1999] was developed.


Neocarzinostatin is a potent antitumor antibiotic and is a prodrug, which induces genome damage after activation by a thiol. The prodrug is stored as a protein-bound chromophore that contains an enediyne nucleus. A thiolate attack on the chromophore cyclizes the nucleus and produces radicals that abstract hydrogen from DNA. Because thiol is the only cofactor in the vital activation process, the structure of the thiol plays an important role in the activity of the drug. Here we systematically examine the effect of the electronic structure of some thiols on the efficiency of the drug, and compare particularly aromatic with aliphatic thiols. The values of drug-induced base release from DNA are remarkably different between thiophenol (3.6%) and benzyl mercaptan (12.5%), the activity of which is comparable with those of aliphatic thiols. Cleavage results determined by DNA electrophoresis are consistent with the results of base release; they show that the total number of DNA lesions is more than 3-fold lower fo...


Objective To compare the value of radionuclide bone imaging and of MR1,CT,X-ray photography in the diagnosis of spinal mctastases and other spinal diseases. Methods A total of 130 patients with various spinal diseases confirmed by histopathology received radionuclide planar bone imaging in the whole body with 99mTc - MDP. The abnormal results were named as the followings; Local high uptake of imaging agent in lesions, local low uptake, and high or low uptake in local and other bones. MRI, CT and X-ray were respectively performed in 104, 61 and 107 patients. Results The sensitivities of bone imaging for the detection of metastatic tumors, primary malignant bone tumors, benign bone tumors, tumor-like lesions, inflammatory diseases and compressed fractures were 91. 7% , 73. 3% , 54. 2% , 81. 8% , 100% and 100% , respectively. In 22 of 36 (61. 1% ) patients with metastases, bone imaging showed high or low uptakes in local and other bones. 21 of those had multiple metastases. 19 of 94 (20. 2% ) patients with non-metastatic bone lesions had high or low uptakes in local and other bones. The sensitivities of MRI, CT and X-ray were 96. 8% , 100% and 79. 3% in detecting metastatic tumors, 95. 7% , 93. 3% and 78. 3% in primary malignant bone tumors, 95. 0% , 92. 3% and 54.5% in benign bone tumors, 100% , 100% and 80.0% in tumor-like lesions, 100% , 100% and 69. 2% in inflammatory diseases, and 100% , 100% and 100% in compressed fractures, respectively. Conclusion Radionuclide bone imaging was the best choice for the diagnosis of bone metastases. For non-metastatic bone diseases, bone imaging might be helpful in distinguishing the lesions, whether they were single or multiple forces or accompanied with other bone lesions.


An experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), India, during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality parameters of papaya (Carica papaya L.). For this plant of Sapna cultivar was planted on 20th March during both years of experimentation at a spacing of 2.0 x 2.0 m. There were eighteen treatments comprising Azotobacter, PSB and vermicompost with graded dose of RDF including one control, replicated thrice in randomized block design. All treatments were applied at the time of planting in the field. The data of both the years of experiment were analyzed which clearly shows that during both years of experimentation increased plant height, girth, number and length of leaves, Biomass production in plant (green weight), number of flowers and fruits set per plant, fruit yield with minimum number of days taken to first flowering were produced with the application of RDF 75% + Azotobacter 100 g + PSB 100 g + vermicompost 2 kg/plant, whereas significantly minimum plant height, girth, number and length of leaves, biomass production in plant (green weight), number of flowers and fruits set per plant, fruit yield with increased number of days taken to first flowering was recorded in unfertilized plants. As the quality parameters are concerned, it is recorded that plants fertilized with RDF 75% + Azotobacter 100 g + PSB 100 g + vermicompost 2 kg/plant produced longest fruits with more width, weight, total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugar contents with minimum titratable acidity, whereas minimum length and width, weight, total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugar contents with maximum titratable acidity contents were recorded in fruits harvested from the plants which were kept under control (without any fertilizers application) during both years of experimentation.


A series of spur dikes was constructed to reinforce an embankment at bends in the lower reach of the Kikuchi River. In recent years, eutrophicated fine sediment accumulation around spur dikes has caused a serious problem in estuary ecosystem. Therefore, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has developed the renaturalization project of sand beach in the estuary. In this study, we have particularly investigated flow patterns and fine sediment transport around these spur dikes by using Stream-pro Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and radio-controlled model boat equipped with Workhorse ADCP in the period of spring tide. The results show that these spur dikes weakened flow and SS transport in the concave, and strengthened them in the convex of the bend. In addition, fine sediment accumulation were discussed through streamwise distribution of SS transport in both cases of flood and ebb tide.


It has been shown that classifiers in sign languages are quite similar in morphology and constructions in cross-studies of sign languages. The similarities lie in the complex simultaneous components in the morphology and constructions. Such complexity and simultaneity of language production is inarguably unique to the visual-spatial modality. This paper studies the classifier morphology and constructions in Thai Sign Language (Thai SL). The classifiers are compared with classifiers of spoken Thai. The result shows the complex simultaneous components of the morphology and constructions of Thai SL classifiers. In comparison with Thai, the differences in noun classificatory device systems between Thai SL and standard Thai are shown. It is argued that similar to classifiers in both sign languages and spoken languages, classifiers in Thai SL display properties of language universals as well as linguistic typology.


Starting from the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations at low‐frequency eddy current approximation the H–ϕ formulation is presented. An equivalent system of boundary integral equations of the second kind on the conductor surface (resp. the conductor/dielectric) is derived. Discretizing these equations with a boundary element method (BEM) yields a block linear equation system \[ \left[\begin{array}{cc} A_{1} & B_{1} \\ \tfrac{\mu}{\mu_{0}}\tilde{B}_{2} & A_{2}\end{array} \right] \left( \begin{array}{c} j \\ \sigma \end{array} \right)=\left(\begin{array}{c} b_{1} \\ b_{2}\end{array} \right) \] with a fully populated stiffness matrix. This system is non‐symmetric and, for large μ/μ0 (of interest in practice) ill‐conditioned. Iterative solvers like GMRES converge very slowly, in general. We propose a new preconditioner which depends on μ. We present numerical results with a serial and parallel version of this preconditioner also on large industrial eddy current problems with compex geometry. The performance of preconditioned GMRES is found to be practically independent of μ/μ0. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem of a repulsion Keller--Segel system with a logarithmic sensitivity modeling the reinforced random walk. By establishing an energy-dissipation identity, we prove the existence of classical solutions in two dimensions as well as existence of weak solutions in the three-dimensional setting. Moreover, it is shown that the weak solutions enjoys an eventual regularity property, i.e., it becomes regular after certain time $T>0$. An exponential convergence rate toward the spatially homogeneous steady states is obtained as well. We adopt a new approach developed recently by the author \cite{J19} to study the eventual regularity. The argument is based on observation of the exponential stability of constant solutions in scaling-invariant spaces together with certain dissipative property of the global solutions in the same spaces.


Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the major triggers of asthma exacerbations. We have shown previously that lower respiratory tract symptoms, airflow obstruction, and neutrophilic airway inflammation were increased in experimental RV‐induced asthma exacerbations.


The Soviet people and all progressive humanity are observing an anniversary of outstanding significance — the sixtieth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. This date symbolizes th...


The BCA spring meeting was held in the congenial setting of the University of York, on the outskirts of this historic city. The University sits in a 200-acre landscaped park, and I spotted over 20 different kinds of waterfowl during the meeting. Even the weather contributed to the quality of the meeting; despite the stereotypes about English weather, the temperature was higher than 20 °C and sunny the entire time! The meeting filled three days, and was attended by approximately 280 people. It seems as though I knew half of them, as they have attended U.S. meetings. I heartily recommend that North American crystallographers reciprocate and attend a BCA meeting. A special effort was made to encourage attendance by the BCA Biological Group. Industrial Group attendance was relatively low, but there will be a full Industrial Group meeting at the November BCA meeting. Concern was expressed about the continuing trend to outsource industrial crystallography to academic and commercial labs. The plenary session covered High Throughput, Databases, and Data Mining . Henning Poulsen~Risø National Lab, Denmark! described the use of 3-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. He showed the depth of information available if we abandon our usual assumption, and consider a powder as a collection of single crystals. In an eccentric way, characterizing many individual grains can be considered high-throughput crystallography! Mike Hursthouse ~Univ. of Southampton ! pointed out that~if you have a crystal ! it's now faster to solve and refine the crystal structure than it is to measure the NMR spectrum! Such rapid access to structural information will greatly aid chemical systematics; it's hard to generate structure property relations without knowledge of the structures. If you do the structures of all your compounds, you always find things you didn't expect. Mike suggested that we re-think our current publication policies, separating the publication of the structural data ~direct to the databases ! and the ideas~conventional papers !. John Faber ~ICDD! described the new PDF-4 databases, with their full pattern analysis and data mining capabilities. Chistian Cambillau ~CNRS-UMR, France ! pointed out that structural genomics really requires Astructure-omics ~solving of the crystal structures !, Acrystal-omics~growing the crystals !, and Aprotein-omics~translating the DNA coding to soluble proteins!. All three of these Aomics must be optimized to carry out true high-throughput structural genomics. David Rendle~Forensic Science Service ! described the use of commercial and self-created databases ~ uch as paints and drugs ! to solve real problems. Such small databases, if maintained for a long enough period, can provide informaion about manufacturing and social trends. He also described the UK National DNA Database. Richard Storey ~Pfizer! showed how to automate some steps of the drug discovery process, and described the use of pattern comparison software~POLY-SNAP! to identify and classify crystalline phases. Multiple analytical techniques must be used. Mariette Hellenbrandt ~FIZ Karlsruhe! summarized the history and status of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, and some of its current capabilities. The ICSD staff is working on links to databases of properties and phase diagrams. During the discussion, it was pointed out how useful it would be to include safety information and health hazards of the materials. An especially interesting session concerned Structures with Z5 . 1 ~more than one molecule in the asymmetric unit!. Sam Motherwell~CCDC! showed that 7.9% of the ~single molecule, non-disordered ! structures in the CSD have Z5 .1, and that higher values are rare. Analysis and interAttendees of the 2003 BCA meeting


The speed of the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) nonlinear iterative least-squares method depends upon the choice of damping strategy when the fitted parameters are highly correlated. Additive damping with small damping increments and large damping decrements permits LM to efficiently solve difficult problems, including those that otherwise cause stagnation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.


The scattering of radiation (e.g., X-rays or neutrons) by multilayer films containing interface roughness is discussed. As is by now well known, such interface roughness usually possesses a degree of conformality (i.e., correlations between different interfaces), which is known to produce structure in the diffuse scattering which mimics that in the specular reflectivity [1-6]. There are more subtle effects when either the incident or scattered wave vector is close to the condition for specular Bragg reflection from the multilayer, which have also been noted [7]. Such effects can be treated within the framework of the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) [8-10], which can also be thought of as including "double-scattering" (i.e., Bragg + diffuse scattering) processes. Interesting effects in the diffuse scattering (i.e., sharp minima or edges) manifest themselves in the line shapes observed for rocking curves at these positions, and these can be qualitatively explained within the framework of the dynamical theory of diffraction by considering the effects of correlated interface roughness. Such correlated roughness can produce both constructive and destructive interference in the dynamically scattered waves. The theory is illustrated with Synchrotron X-ray diffuse scattering studies from several Nb/Si multilayer samples [11].


The TonB system of Escherichia coli uses the cytoplasmic membrane protonmotive force (PMF) to energize active transport of nutrients across the otherwise unenergized outer membrane. Because it overcomes limitations for nutrient diffusion through outer membrane size-limiting porins, it provides a growth advantage and is widespread among Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of three known cytoplasmic membrane proteins, TonB, ExbB and ExbD that energize a variety of customized TonB-dependent transporters in the outer membrane. The sole ExbD transmembrane domain is proposed to consist of residues 23-43 (Kampfenkel and Braun, 1992, J. Bacteriol. 174:5485-7). Here we showed that the charge and location of residue Asp25 were essential for activity of the TonB system, thus identifying it as the only PMF-responsive element in the TonB system. The proposed boundaries of the transmembrane domain α-helix were revised to consist of residues 23-39, with residues 40-43 initiating the subsequent disordered region required for signal transduction (Kopp and Postle, 2020, J. Bacteriol. 202, e00687-19). Trapping of disulfide-linked ExbD homodimers through T42C or V43C prevented TonB system activity that was restored by addition of the reducing agent dithiothreitol, indicating a requirement for motion. In vivo photo-cross-linking experiments suggested that motion was rotation of ExbD transmembrane domains. Inactivity of ExbD L132Q, the first ExbD mutant identified, was likely due to steric hindrance. A conserved and defined site of in vivo ExbD interaction with TonB was identified. Exogenous addition of a cyclic peptide based on that site inhibited ExbD-TonB interaction while concomitantly decreasing iron transport efficiency. This suggested that a novel antimicrobial strategy against ESKAPE and other Gram-negative pathogens could be developed by targeting ExbD protein-protein interactions.


Significance
 Moon Jae-in's preoccupations in his final year as president will remain local -- not least, coordinating policy on North Korea with the Biden administration. However, his successor, to be elected in March 2022, will have broader horizons.

 Impacts
 Ignoring Pyongyang may prompt new and potentially bloody provocations, as happened to President Lee Myung-bak in 2010.
 South Korea will pursue fresh free trade agreements. Its declared intention to join the CPTPP has not yet yielded a specific roadmap.
 Asia will remain Seoul's main focus; South Asia, especially India, offers many untapped synergies.
 'Top table' ambitions such as the G7 summit will make it more difficult for Seoul to ignore human rights in its diplomacy, as it used to.


In 5f-electron systems, interactions with comparable strength compete due to the extended nature of the wavefunction leading to rich variety of exotic ground states. URu2Si2, one of the most researched materials in uranium intermetallic family shows heat capacity anomaly at T$_{HO}$ = 17.5 K, a precursor to an unconventional superconductivity at T$_{c}$ = 1.5 K. The nature of the hidden order parameter responsible for the anomaly is still debated, more than 30 years after its discovery. In the absence of an obvious magnetic order, a strong and coherent magnetic excitation is observed around two distinct wavevectors, the antiferromagnetic wavevector, Q$_{0}$ = (1 0 0), and the incommensurate wavevector, Q$_{1}$ = (0.4 0 0).UPt2Si2, on the other hand, order antiferromagnetically with Q$_{M}$ = (1 0 0) at T$_N$ = 35 K and has long been considered a rare and plain example of uranium intermetallic with strongly localized f-electrons where magnetism can be explained within the crystal level scheme. Nevertheless, around room temperature it too shows a heat capacity anomaly, which has been a long-standing and puzzling mystery. Here, using single crystal neutron and x-ray diffraction we discover that a crystal lattice modulation develops in UPt2Si2 below ~ 320 K. The modulation wavevector, Q$_{mod}$ ~ (0.4 0 0), corresponds to the Fermi surface nesting wavevector of URu2Si2, suggesting that similar Fermi surface driven physics exists in these seemingly different systems. Furthermore, the superlattice Bragg peaks show an anomaly around 200 K where the wavevector is pinned down to an incommensurate position, suggesting a transition from local to Kondo behavior. We thus stipulate the same underlying physics in both materials, where only a subtle perturbation of nearly degenerate competing energy scales leads to different ground states.


The thermal stability of written bits on single- and double-layered perpendicular magnetic recording media were compared from micromagnetic simulation. It was found that, although double-layered media show a higher thermal stability than single-layered media, the difference is not large. Under the calculation conditions used here the gain in thermal stability by double-layering was found to correspond to 7.5% increase in the volume of a magnetic grain. It was also found that this difference tends to decrease at the low and high ends of recording density. Investigation of the magnetostatic field exerted in the recording layer shows that the change in the thermal stability is due to the change in the layer-thickness component of the static field exerted on the recording layer. Although the increase in the dispersion in the easy axes of magnetization was found to decrease thermal stability, the decrease was greater in single-layered films than double-layered films.


In this paper, a new constitutive matrix Mτ for thermal conduction, for tetrahedral meshes, in a steady state thermal regime is developed through a new algebraic methodology, using the Cell Method as a computational method, which is included in the finite formulation. The constitutive matrix defines the behavior of solids when they are under a thermal potential. The results are compared with those obtained for the same problem by means of the constitutive matrix Mλ developed previously, taking in both cases with a 2D axisymmetric model as reference, calculated with the finite element method. The errors obtained with the new matrix Mτ are of the order of 0.0025%, much lower than those obtained with the matrix Mλ.


Loan contracts performance determines the profitability and stability of the financial institutions. The screening process of the loan applications is a key process in minimizing credit risk. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop credit scoring model for rural financial market in Thailand. The results verify the important of asset value, capital turnover ratio, and the duration of bank-borrower relationship as important factors in determining the probability of a good loan in agricultural lending, whereas return on asset and capital turnover ratio are key factors in determining the probability of a good loan in non-agricultural lending. The study supports the use of Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) in classifying good and bad loans. It is found that the PNN can detect a bad loan more accurately than Logit and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models, and it gives the lowest misclassification costs.


Maghnite-H+ (Mag-H), proton-exchanged Montmorillonite, catalyzed the cationic copolymerization of 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether (CEVE) with Styrene (St) in a solvent free system. The objective is to synthesize an end-group functionalized copolymer. The advantage of the Mag-H lies in its capacity to solve ecological (green catalyst) and economic problems, and also to the fact that the reactions are carried out under moderate conditions, solvent free and at room temperature. A kinetic study was carried out, and the products obtained were characterized using different methods of analysis, including IR, 1H and 13C NMR and viscosimetry.