Extensive linear and nonlinear simulations have been carried out to investigate the energetic particle-driven fishbone instability in spherical tokamak plasmas with weakly reversed q profile and the qmin slightly above unity. The global kinetic-MHD hybrid code M3D-K is used. Numerical results show that a fishbone instability is excited by energetic beam ions preferentially at higher qmin values, consistent with the observed appearance of the fishbone before the "long-lived mode" in MAST and NSTX experiments. In contrast, at lower qmin values, the fishbone tends to be stable. In this case, the beam ion effects are strongly stabilizing for the non-resonant kink mode. Nonlinear simulations show that the fishbone saturates with strong downward frequency chirping as well as radial flattening of the beam ion distribution. An (m, n) = (2, 1) magnetic island is found to be driven nonlinearly by the fishbone instability, which could provide a trigger for the (2, 1) neoclassical tearing mode sometimes observed afte...


This paper analyzes the shortage of traditional wharf mooring berthing facilities in upstream of the Yangtze River and proposes the berthing row pier structure based on Chongqing Naxigou wharf project.It is shown that the berthing row pier increases the bent spacing and reduces the underwater workload,thus it can solve the problem of tight operating days because of the raising of reservoir elevation and change the traditional "close-row piles".It also solves the problem of river siltation near the wharf.The finite element analysis result on the berthing row pier shows that the berthing row piers are set reasonably and reduce the distribution loads on other bents.


A series of yeasts or yeast-like organisms which produce a black color have been described in the literature. These have been named 8accharomllce, niger, Torula nigra, 8chizoaaccharomyces niger, and Monilia nigra. The primary BOurce of these yeasts has been dairy products, although a Wide variety of other sources has been reported. Hansen, Lindner, and Henriei (see Skinner, et aI., 2) independently studied cultures of these forms and all concluded that they are but yeast-like growth forms of dematiaceou8 molds of the type of Cladosporium. In general the group of "black· yeasts" sUll seems poorly understood.


Based on the analysis of current situation and application prospect of hybrid electromechanical system, the concept of hybrid cam-linkage mechanism is proposed and its significance is expounded. The basic form of hybrid-driven mechanism is given and its kinematic principle is analyzed. Take realizing ellipse path with scheduled timing mark as example, the design method of hybrid cam-linkage generating path is introduced. Providing the parametric equation of the path that the mechanism generate, formulae are derived by kinematic analysis and from these formulae, the theoretical contour equation of the cam is obtained, and then the rotational angle of servo-motor which actuates the crank is solved through computer programming. Using the graphic solution, the flexible workspace and path characteristic of hybrid cam-linkage mechanism is analyzed, and the conclusions are verified by computer simulation, and then the design principle of path is proposed. The kinematic analysis and path characteristic of hybrid cam-linkage mechanism provides more theoretical basis for further study on its dynamic characteristic and geometric optimization issues of mechanism system.


In this contribution we study the spectral stability problem for periodic traveling gravity‐capillary waves on a two‐dimensional fluid of infinite depth. We use a perturbative approach that computes the spectrum of the linearized water wave operator as an analytic function of the wave amplitude/slope. We extend the highly accurate method of Transformed Field Expansions to address surface tension in the presence of both simple and repeated eigenvalues, then numerically simulate the evolution of the spectrum as the wave amplitude is increased. We also calculate explicitly the first nonzero correction to the flat‐water spectrum, which we observe to accurately predict the stability (or instability) for all amplitudes within the disk of analyticity of the spectrum. With this observation in mind, the disk of analyticity of the flat state spectrum is numerically estimated as a function of the Bond number and the Bloch parameter, and compared to the value of the wave slope at the first finite amplitude eigenvalue collision.


Traditional PageRank algorithm computes the weight for each hyper-linked document, which indicates the importance of a page, based on the in-links and out-links. This is an off-line and query independent process which suits a keyword based search strategy. However, owing to the problems like polynymy, synonymy etc.., existing in keyword based search, new methodologies for search like concept based search, semantic web based search etc., have been developed. Concept based search engines generally go in for content based ranking by imparting semantics to the web pages. While this approach is better than the keyword based ranking strategies, they do not consider the physical link structure between documents which is the basis of the successful PageRank algorithm. Hence, we made an attempt to combine the power of link structures with content information to suit the concept based search engines. Our main contribution includes, two modifications to the traditional PageRank Algorithm, both specifically to cater to the concept based search engines. Inspired by the topic sensitive PageRank algorithm, we have multiple PageRanks for a document, rather than just one for each document, as given in the traditional implementation of the PageRank algorithm. We have compared our methodologies with an existing concept based search engine's ranking methodology, and found that our modifications considerably improve the ranking of the conceptual search results. Furthermore, we performed statistical significance test and found out that our Version-2 modification to the PageRank algorithm is statistically significant in its P@5 performance compared to the baseline.


As a clean fossil energy and chemical feedstock, development of breakthrough strategies for direct conversion of methane (CH4) into various chemicals under mild reaction conditions is highly desired. Herein, Rh/ZSM‐5 catalyst was reported to convert CH4 to oxygenates with molecular oxygen (O2) in the presence of CO at low temperature with promising catalytic performance. The oxygenates productivity reached as high as 5638.0 μmol gcat.−1 h−1. Structure characterization confirmed the existence of highly dispersed Rh2O3 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.4 nm in the Rh/ZSM‐5 catalyst. Based on control experiments and mechanism study, it was suggested that CO plays a pivotal role over the Rh/ZSM‐5 catalyst to boost direct oxidation of methane. CO participates in water‐gas‐shift reaction to produce in‐situ H species, which enables to form *OH, *OOH and H2O2 active species by reacting with O2. The as‐obtained *OH, *OOH and H2O2 species will thus render high activity for methane oxidation.


The raft is an emerging drug delivery system that not only provides rapid relief from reflux disorders, but also sustains drug release. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize ra...


Colombian floriculture is recognized worldwide for its quality and variety of products and has positioned the country as one of the world's largest exporters in cutting flowers. However, interception by phytosanitary problems and particularly quarantine pests such as tripe (Insecta: Thysanoptera), are a limit ingesting for exports faced by producers and marketers every day. However, in the country indirect monitoring methods for tripe, vary by production company and do not seem to reflect population dynamics in crops. This work aimed to identify the minimum effort of indirect monitoring of tripe, in a chrysanthemum crop of the Antioqueno East, by evaluating different tramp strengths and evaluating the effectiveness of capture over time The results suggest that traps do not lose effectiveness in weekly capture, so the reading frequency is adequate. However, intensive trapping (1 trap/ 3 beds) made it possible to detect population dynamics associated with the age of the plants, which were not identified in the commercial trap (1 trap / 12 beds). In conclusion, the amounts of tripe caught during the chrysanthemum production cycle appear to be unaffected by the number of traps, but by external factors affecting the presence of this insect.


Abstract In this contribution, we have made use of the contemporary equation of states (EOSs) for the complete neutron star structure, and confronted them with one particular glitch constrain for the crustal moment of inertia (MOI). We find that with these EOSs, the radii of three millisecond pulsars selected by NICER: PSR J0437-4715, PSR J1614-2230, PSR J0751+1807, are all around 12.5 km. Also, a star with M ≲ 1.55M⊙ would fulfill the MOI calculation for glitch constrain with the latest neutron superfluidity density, and the glitch crisis might not be present.


Author described potential danger for the sustainable development of the eCommerce. Breaches of trust were indicated as the biggest danger for the sound development of the new economy. Methods of building trust available for state bodies, NGO's and shops were described.


This paper aims to present various aspects of design in the project of the Epicenter Memorial Hall in Yingxiu,such as its theme positioning, site analysis,architectural conception,space sequence, material and structural system,etc.And then the authors attempt to sum up the experience and reflections on the culture of memorial architecture.


This Resource Is Special Resource Collection of the Addiction, Pain and Public Health website, aka 'doctordeluca.com', and is Number 14 in the 'War on Pain Sufferers' series of resource collections. This collection combines the best journalism about the 'Sex for Drugs' case of Dr. Bernard Rottschaefer with the most important legal briefs in the case and selected peer-reviewed quality articles and official reports.


The Feinberg-Pais theory of summing the uncrossed ladder graphs is re- examined. A single regularization of the W propagator is used throughout. Instead of the iterative procedure used previously, the leading terms of the individual graphs are summed exactly. The result of Feinberg and Pais for energies much below 300 Bev is obtained for all energies in the limit of infinite regulator mass. (auth)


Nomenclature BECAUSE agreement on nomenclature is essential to communication, and because there seems to be no existing "standard" of terminology that crosses the boundaries of individual shipyards, the following descriptions are provided to orient the reader to the terminology that will be used in this paper: "Zone-oriented"--This term is very commonly used to refer to any ship construction approach which varies from the historically common system-oriented approach which has been used in U.S. shipyards (except during wartime, when efficient production became the norm). However, because the word "zone" has come to be used in various places to mean any part of a ship under consideration, including systems, that term will be used in this paper only in its most generic sense, that is, to mean non-system-oriented. "Modular, or unit-oriented"--The essential difference that has been (re)introduced into shipbuilding practice is that the whole of any ship may be broken down into a number of basic construction units, each of which can be finished to as complete a condition as practicable, virtually independently of the others. Then, the units can be joined together to make up the whole, that is, the ship. It is not uncommon for several units to be joined together into larger elements, which will be called "blocks" in this document, before being joined together with other units or blocks at the final erection site. In all other construction industries this practice is called ~'modular construction." The term "modular construction" seems to better convey the basic approach used in this technique, and therefore it, along with related terms such as "unitoriented" or "block-oriented," will be used throughout this paper to describe the more current approach to shipbuilding.


Objective: To evaluate the inhibition of Clusterin gene expression via shRNA decreases proliferation and metastasis and increases chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in xenografted PEOH cells. Methods: 1×106 paclitaxel resistant cell lines transduced with Clusterin shRNA in lentiviral inoculated subcutaneously into the flank region of 6 to 8 week-old female nude mice. Parental cells transduced with LacZ was used as a control. Tumor growth was measured twice every week and calculated by using the formula: length×width×depth×0.5236. The mice were sacrificed and examined for Clusterin expression on tumor cells and counted the metastasis sites. Results: shRNA for Cluaterin works in vivo and it is the in accord with the in vitro results. Although shRNA for Clusterin group showed decreased tumor growth and proliferation it has not statistical significance. But transfection of Clusterin shRNA on PEOH significantly increased paclitaxel-sensitivity (P


................................................................................................................ xvi Chapter 1. Glass and the Hellenistic World .......................................................... 1 Before the Revolution: The Significance of Hellenistic Glass ................................................... 1 Hellenization and the Hellenistic World ..................................................................................... 5 Economic Growth ....................................................................................................................... 8 Hellenistic Households and Material Culture ........................................................................... 13 Hellenization as Globalization .................................................................................................. 16 Overview of the Dissertation ...................................................................................................... 17 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 17 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 29 Organization and Summary ...................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 2. Glass Workshops and Objects in the Hellenistic Period.................34


This investigation presents a current control method for an indirect matrix converter. The method, called predictive current control selects the switching state that minimizes the error in the output currents according to their reference values and, at the same time, the control scheme is enhanced by including a reactive power minimization strategy with the goal to have unity power factor in the input side. The control objectives are accomplished by using a prediction horizon of one sample time and a very intuitive control law. The proposed control scheme is validated trough simulation results where it is shown that the predictive approach can be implemented simply with a good tracking of the output current to their references and input currents with unity power factor.


Land-use microsimulation models deal with detailed attributes of a household and its location which this study calls micro-data. However, less attention has been paid to the method to evaluate the goodness-of-fit between two sets of agent-based micro-data; an estimated and the observed sets of micro-data. At first, this study defines a distant measure between an estimated and the observed micro-data for each household. The goodness-of-fit is measured by the minimum sum of the distances for all households in the study area. Since the calculation cannot be conducted only with a conventional algorithm for an ordinary size of micro-data, an algorithm using GA, especially symbiotic evolution, is developed. The effectiveness of the method has been confirmed with the applications to the Person Trip Survey data in Sapporo Metropolitan Area.


INCE natural selection acts on phenotypes, it must "aim" at the genetic material via fitness traits, traits affecting number, quality, or fertility of progeny; thus genetic material is altered to bring about changes in developmental, physiological, and behavioral pathways leading to maximization of fitness. If we are to understand the adaptive nature of the genetic potential in a population, it is essential to find out which fitness properties are controlled by the unfixed genetic elements contained therein. For example, Drosophilapersimilis populations display a gradient in relative frequency of third chromosomal arrangements along an altitudinal transect of the Sierra Nevada of California (DOBZHANSKY 1948, 1956, 1963; SPIES 1950). While knowledge of fitness properties controlled by these cytogenetic elements would be of considerable significance in comparing populations along the transect, more important is the evaluation of those properties in terms of the ones which are most critical in maintaining the population's fitness. The chromosomal polymorphism may depend on certain fitness properties predominantly: a given arrangement complex may affect numerous fitness properties but only a few may be highly critical to the total fitness. Over the past seven years we have been trying to evaluate the relative contributions to fitness of numerous properties apparently controlled by genic complexes of various arrangements of the third chromosome in D. persimilis (SPIES and SCHUELLEIN 1956; SPIES 1957,1958; SPIES and LANGER 1961,1964). Considerable effort has been devoted to analyzing life cycle components under numerous relevant conditions. With regard to the Whitney (WT) and Klamath (KL) arrangements taken from a locality 8000 ft above sea level in the Yosemite region of California (White Wolf) it was in developmental rate of preadult stages and in mating speed that the most consistent differences between karyotypes occurred. Other properties such as fecundity of females and viability displayed no significant differences between homokaryotypes, though heterokaryotypes gave evidence of heterosis. To evaluate the extent to which the rate of development from egg to adult may contribute to total fitness of experimental populations at constant temperature in the laboratory, several experiments were designed in which rapid or slow development rate was selected for under different intensities and with different generation control. As may be expected much more information emerged than


Throughout the pages of Fractional Freedoms: Slavery, Intimacy and Legal Mobilization in Colonial Lima 1600-1700, Michelle McKinley masterfully unfolds a dense archive material as a result of an extensive and committed research process which makes the reader see, as the author points out, 'the law in action' as well as the action of enslaved litigants over the law and the administration of justice, especially the ecclesiastical one. The author analyses from a micro historic viewpoint the 'exp...


To evaluate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients with and without executive functions deficits and healthy control subjects differ on cortical thickness and subcortical brain structures volume in vivo.


The invention discloses a method for utilizing a non-woven fabric container to perform sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock twig cuttage seedling culture and a matrix combination. The method mainly comprises light matrix preparation, manufacture of fertilizer in seedling culture matrix and the non-woven fabric seedling culture container, central sand filling and placing of the non-woven fabric seedling culture container, cutting slips manufacture and cuttage, preparation and application of a microorganism preparation (cherry rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium YT3 with preservation number to be CGMCCNo.5319) and management after cuttage. The matrix combination is composed of a matrix main body material, the fertilizer and the microorganism preparation. The method improves survival rate of twig cuttage and seedling quality, shortens seedling culture time, reduces seedling culture cost, improves seedling culture efficiency of sweet cherry dwarfing rootstock, and meets the requirements of massive high-quality seedlings for sweet cherry production.


The importance of the study was manifested in obtaining accurate scientific information, through the biomechanical analysis of the two patterns of rapid crushing beating in front and behind the stomach, to know the strengths and weaknesses in the performance of these two patterns, when measuring the levels of exerted force, and the manifestations of movement that are commensurate with the nature of each pattern, to improve the technical performance of this skill with its patterns. Diverse to the highest levels add to that a statement of the biomechanical properties, and the kinetic manifestations of each style, to advance the requirements of skill performance in a manner consistent with the required motor duty. As for the research problem, through the researcher's follow-up to many Iraqi Premier League matches in volleyball, and his attendance to some training units for these clubs, note that there are weaknesses in the performance of rapid smash patterns; resulting from the lack of clarity of the biomechanical information and the kinetic features that govern its nature; Which led to a low level of performance in scoring points.


The knowledge of the maximum execution time of program code is essential for the design implementation and correct operation of hard real-time systems. Without detailed knowledge of the execution time it is impossible guarantee that the computer system will always meet its deadlines. Thus, there is a need for methods and tools to determine the timing behaviour of program code and entire applications. This thesis presents a novell programming language, which is designed under the constraint of being well-suited for automatic estimation of very tight upper bound on the maximum execution time during compilation time. The grammar of the language is derived from ANSI C and is extended with pathinformation annotations to describe the timing behaviour of the program. Based on this language, a concept and an implementation of a tool for the automatic calculation of the maximum execution time of programs is presented. This tool is based on the GNU C compiler GCC.


Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has been shown to reduce lipid accumulation in liver in mice and rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether maternal COS feeding affects hepatic lipid metabolism via influencing the expression of circadian clock genes in piglets. From day (d) 85 of gestation to d 14 of lactation, sixteen pregnant sows were divided into a control group (basal diet without COS supplementation) and a COS group (30 mg COS/kg basal diet). After farrowing, one piglet per litter in each group was selected for the collection of plasma and liver samples on d 0 and d 14 of age, respectively. Interestingly and significantly, we found that maternal COS supplementation promoted plasma and hepatic cholesterol accumulation and up-regulated the mRNA level of negative-regulated element period 1 (Per1), and reduced the abundance of the positive elements, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), and brain muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1) in the suckling piglets on d 14. These alterations may promote the hepatic cholesterol accumulation, which, in turn, activates hepatic bile acid metabolism and attenuates the relative expression levels of lipid metabolism-associated genes in the liver. However, the expression of CLOCK and BMAL1 and the lipid profile in the plasma and liver were not affected by COS supplementation on d 0. Collectively, our results indicate that maternal supplementation with COS postpartum up-regulates cholesterol accumulation in suckling piglets at age d 14, in part, by the regulation of circadian clock genes.


The TLM method (with use of the symmetrical condensed node) is used to simulate the excitation of a plate by a plane EM wave with oblique propagation. The use of properties relative to the planes of constant amplitude and the planes of constant phase permits one to solve for the loss of symmetrical properties present at normal incidence but which doesn't exist for oblique incidence. The calculation of the coefficient of reflection illustrates the validity of the proposed method.


find himself specializing in one or the other. Systems programming is concerned mainly with the operating efficiency of the computer and its operating systems and application programming is concerned with the particular area in which the wholecomputer is applied, such as, accounting or management information. Systems analysts who lack managerial ability or who do not wish to progress their careers in the direction of management can find a very satisfactory career as consultants in their later years. On the other hand, data processing management is the next logical step in the career structure and many physicists in their thirties are currently holding down positions as Data Processing Managers. The advancement beyond Data Processing Manager is more difficult and depends more on individual ability and personality rather than on basic training or skills. The  Data Processing Manager would normally progress to Management Services Manager and then to Director of Management Services and the top positions in his organization or company. The monetary rewards for data processing staff have been exceptionally high in the past and they are still higher than the average remuneration for physicisrs according to the tables prepared by the various employment agencies. Undoubtedly further expansion will be forthcoming in data processing particularly on the routine processing and production side. This will offer a large measure of job security to the physicist searching for a permanent and secure career. It will be less vulnerable than the research and development sides of any business, including computers, which tend to be the first targets for any cutback in expenditure. There remains the question of job satisfaction. The career outlined is undoubtedly satisfying in monetary terms, but it may not be as interesting or as intellectually rewarding as a career in classical physics, It can offer a high degree of job satisfaction to anyone who derives satisfaction from applying logical methodologies to the solution of practical problems. Most physicists in data processing find the work very challenging and have no desire to move out of the field. Careers in physics applied to medicine


The invention relates to a biological oil-starch-glyoxal resin adhesive for an artificial board and a preparation method of the biological oil-starch-glyoxal resin adhesive, belonging to the technical field of an adhesive of the artificial board. The adhesive is prepared by adding an additive consisting of curing agent and filler into a main agent prepared from the biological oil, mechanical activation starch, the glyoxal, oxalic acid, oxidizing agent and water. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing starch emulsion by the mechanical activation starch and water, heating and then keeping the temperature; adjusting pH to obtain acidolysis oxidized starch emulsion; adding the biological oil, adjusting pH and then adding the glyoxal; alternatively adding the oxalic acid and alkali liquor in batches until all the oxalic acid is filled, reducing the temperature and discharging to obtain the main agent; adding the curing agent and the filler into the main agent to obtain the biological oil-starch-glyoxal resin adhesive. The biological oil-starch-glyoxal resin adhesive solves the problems that the current adhesive material used by the artificial board highly depends on petrochemical resources, the environmental friendliness and the degradable performance are poor and the like, and has the characteristics of low cost, high performance and environmental friendliness.


Hydrogeologic properties of a well field around middle mountainous areas in Pyosun, Jeju volcanic island were examined based on water level monitoring, geologic logging and pumping test data. Due to the alternating basaltic layers with varying permeability in the subsurface, it is difficult to analyze the hydraulic responses to artificial pumping and/or natural precipitation. The least permeable layer, detrital materials with clay, is found at a depth of 200 m below surface, but it is not an upper confining bed for lower main aquifer. Nevertheless, this layer may serve as a natural barrier to vertical percolation and to contaminant migration. Water levels of the production wells are dominantly affected by pumping frequently, while those of the remote observation wells are controlled by ambient precipitation. Results of pumping tests revealed a possible existence of horizontal anisotropy of transmissivity. However, some results of this study include inherent limitations enforced by field conditions such as the consistent of groundwater production and the set of time periods for the cessation of the pumping prior to pumping tests.


IoT applications that act on behalf of people are becoming reality. In this workshop we explore the opportunities and challenges that arise when these proactive technologies become increasingly embedded in our world and carried on our bodies, particularly when converging with the emerging 'sharing economy' paradigm. IoT sensors enable new sharing economy services that are personalised, hyperlocal, and can be delivered at short notice, for example food sharing among neighbours to prevent waste. Yet, there are many design challenges and ethical concerns that the HCI community needs to address to make these proactive services intelligible and accountable. In this workshop we seek to begin a dialogue to gather and respond to these challenges, collect design examples and ideas, and learn from each other.


The flocculating process of sewage treatment is a complicated and nonlinear system, and it is very difficult to found the process model to describe it. The support vector machine (SVM) has the ability of strong nonlinear function approach, it has the ability of strong generalization and it also has the feature of global optimization. Here, a intelligent optimized control system based on regression SVM is presented, moreover, we propose a self-adaptive parameter adjust iterative algorithm to confirm SVM parameters. In this system, the parameters of flocculation process were measured using sensors, then the control system can control the flocculation process realtime. The system was used in the sewage treatment plant. The experimental results prove that this system is feasible


The biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum was optimized by numerically finding the maximum of an arbitrarily chosen second order polynomial model function of several variables (describing the dependence of the cellulose production on the concentrations of the medium components), using multivariable linear regression analysis. The chosen function appeared to describe the analyzed correlation sufficiently well. Consequently, three to six stages of optimization made the determination of the optimum medium compositions possible for 16 days of fermentation at 30 °C in a medium based on fructose (wt.%: fructose, 3.68; yeast extract, 5.02; (NH 4 ) 2 NO 3 , 0.001; KH 2 PO 4 , 0.3; MgSO 4 × 7 H 2 O, 0.05; resulting in a cellulose production equal to 0.505 wt.% - namely 5.6 times higher than before the optimization) and for 7 days of fermentations at 30 °C in a medium based on sucrose and ethanol (wt.%: sucrose, 5.0; ethanol, 1.36; yeast extract, 1.27; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.5; KH 2 PO 4 , 0.3; MgSO 4 x 7 H 2 O, 0.05; resulting in a cellulose production equal to 0.251 wt.% -namely 1.5 times higher than before the optimization).


This study examined the variability of the night‐time equatorial thermospheric meridional and zonal wind speeds using an optical Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI) located in Abuja, Nigeria (Geographic: 8.99°N, 7.39°E; Geomagnetic latitude: −1.60). The study period covered 9 months with useable data of 139 nights between March 2016 and January 2018. The hourly zonal wind speed is between −124 and 163 ms−1 and that of the meridional wind ranged between −70 and 95 ms−1. Comparison of FPI ground‐based measurements with estimates from the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM‐14) accurately reproduced the post‐midnight meridional component, but for some departure of ∼50 ms−1 during pre‐midnight. A very good agreement is observed between the predicted and measured zonal winds speed in the month of January 2018. However, the HWM‐14 more often underestimated the zonal wind speeds in the months of 2016. Hence, this necessitates a call for improvement of the HWM‐14 by using newly observed data in order to better characterize the West African sector. The varying zonal winds showed modal periods of 25.9 and 133.5 days, which are quasi 27 days and quasiterannual periodic variations, respectively. On the meridional wind, oscillatory periods of 133.5 and 23.1 days are seen in year 2016 and 2017, respectively.


Native to China, the chestnut gall wasps Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) has invaded several countries on three continents in about half a century. To reduce the negative impact on the chestnut industry, the hymenopteran parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) was firstly translocated from China to Japan and then from Japan to other countries. From an agronomic point of view, this classical biological control programme is perceived as a great success story even if in Japan it was overshadowed by evidence of hybridisation with the indigenous species Torymus beneficus Yasumatsu & Kamijo. Based on numerous specimens collected in France and Italy but also in Asia, as well as on published data, we detected molecular and phenotypic signatures of a possible hybridisation. Our results evidenced for the first time that the European stock of T. sinensis has some rare molecular signatures of historical hybridisation that took place in Japan (0.66% of the mitochondrial haplotypes). Our morphometric study also shows that European and Japanese T. sinensis are morphologically intermediate between the two species that hybridised. The identity of the early‐ and late‐season strains of T. beneficus is discussed. Torymus beneficus late‐season strain (TbL) is considered to be the same as T. sinensis and only the early‐season strain (TbE) is the true T. beneficus. Torymus beneficus is morphologically very close to T. sinensis, and the interspecific distance of COI, though large, is comparable with the larger intraspecific variability found in other Chalcidoidea species. Though the two could be regarded as subspecies, for the stability of nomenclature it is better to continue treating them as distinct species.


We study the emergence of neutron gas effects in the description of nuclei with large neutron excess within the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer approach. We consider Ni and Sn isotopes where, in the literature, these effects have been found. We investigate the role of the single particle states with positive energy generating the neutron gas, and we find that the contribution of these states is numerically irrelevant for the various observables that we evaluate.


Objective: Protein intake may have some benefits on reducing blood pressure and cardiovascular events, but their effects are still debated. The objective of this study was to test the prognostic value of protein intake assessed by 24-hour urinary urea in a cohort of hypertensive patients with preserved renal function. Design and method: A total of 1128 hypertensive patients were followed according to tertile of protein intake adjusted for ideal body weight (IBW): <0.70, 0.70–0.93 and >0.93 g/kg. Results: Baseline characteristics (mean±standard deviation) were age 45.1 ± 13.2 years, systolic/diastolic blood pressure 185 ± 32/107 ± 20 mmHg, and estimated glomerular filtration rate 82 ± 32 mL/min. After 10 years of follow-up, 289 deaths occurred, 202 of which were of cardiovascular cause. As shown in the Kaplan–Meier curves, the survival rates decreased for patients in the lowest tertile of protein intake IBW for all-cause mortality (P = 0.008), for cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.029) but not for stroke mortality (P = 0.29, Figure). Figure. No caption available. After adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, patients in the second and third tertiles of protein intake had a decreased risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.71[0.56–0.91]) and cardiovascular death (0.72[0.54–0.96]), but not of stroke death (0.72[0.41–1.28]) in comparison to patients in the low protein intake tertile. Normal–high protein intake had a more marked positive influence in a subset of the population: younger patients, low salt intake, without aortic atherosclerosis or previous cardiovascular events (Pinteraction<0.10 for all). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a protein intake >0.7 g/kg IBW has a favorable effect, particularly in low-risk hypertensive patients. Physicians may encourage hypertensive patients to have normal or high protein diet in addition to low salt consumption, moderate alcohol consumption, and regular physical activity.


The absence of general social theory in many Science, Technology & Society (STS) studies seems to suggest that the specificity of the research object precludes a "conventional" approach to this area. In this article I introduce ActorCentered-Institutionalism (ACI), a variant of the institutionalist approach, to demonstrate the analytic power of (more or less) conventional social theory in the field of STS studies. ACI, I argue, is particularly well suited to linking the meso level and the micro level of analysis because it treats institutions and actors as equally important in the shaping of social processes and therefore also of technology as an element of these processes. To highlight the assets of Actor-Centered-Institutionalism (ACI) this approach is contrasted with the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) approach. Using empirical examples from the area of international technical standardization, I will show that ACI is not meant to replace SCOT but that either approach may benefit from the other. 1


The paper is devoted to research results on studying of features of the psychological status, the actual food and gustatory sensitivity in the patients with dispepsia syndrome in the combination with obesity. The features of the revealed interrelations and mutual influence of studied indicators, characteristics and processes, prospects of optimization of treatment-and-prophylactic measures are presented.


This paper presents a novel method for jointly estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) and time delay of each multipath of the desired user in a DS CDMA system.The respective spectra of the square of the desired user and MAI components at the matched filter output are different.After pre processing the spatial covariance matrixes at each frequency,we propose the 2D unitary ESPRIT algorithm as our estimator which provides closed form as well as automatically paired DOA and time delay estimates.The approach presented herein can give accurate estimates even under near far conditions at low computation cost.


6566Background: Cancer patients' (pts) financial concerns (FCs) represent a barrier to clinical trial (CT) participation and interventions targeting pts' FCs are needed. We sought to assess the imp...


Decoy-state method has greatly filled in loopholes from multi-photon pulses in the field of quantum key distribution (QKD) and it has been employed in almost all practical QKD systems in recent years. However, security and performance of the practical decoy-state QKDs are still limited by inaccurate modulations such as random intensity fluctuation and correlated intensity fluctuation. In this work, an intensity tomography method is proposed as a countermeasure against these fluctuations. It has an ability to tightly bound the unknown density matrices of photon-number state and accurately calibrate the fluctuations by measuring the decoy states with a local single-photon detector. We verified the tomography method by experiments and simulations. The results indicated that our method can efficiently mitigate the flaws from these fluctuations to improve the protocol performance and practical security. Noting that these fluctuations are inevitable in practical QKDs, our method would pave the avenue for QKD's practical applications.


As a result of research aimed at improving the red steppe cattle, using the gene pool of Ayrshire and Holstein Red-and-White cattle, it was found that the resulting crossbreeds were distinguished by higher milk productivity. When studying the livestock, groups of animals with higher productivity rates were identified and formed in comparison with the average for the herd. Crossbred heifers of the first generation were intensively grown and inseminated at the age of 13-15 months when they reached a live weight of 360-380 kg. The effect of heterosis contributed to obtaining such a live weight. The average daily gain in live weight varied from 861 to 900 grams, both for individual age periods and for the entire growing period, the tendency for the superiority of crossbred heifers remained. In terms of milk productivity, crossbred Holstein Red-and-White heifers surpass their peers of purebred red steppe heifers in terms of milk yield by 586,8 kg or 11,3% (P>0,99), in terms of fat content they exceeded by 0,22% (P>0,99) and protein – 0,05% (P>0,99). Crossbred Ayrshire heifers of group II yielded in terms of milk yield to peers of group III by 76 kg, but in terms of fat content they were superior by 0,06, protein 0,15%. The amount of milk fat in the milk of cows II and III was at the same level of 214,8-214,9 kg and exceeded the purebred peers of group I by 34,2-34,3 kg (P>0,99), and the amount of milk protein – 16,2-21,6 kg (P>0,95).


The purposes of this study are to examine the relationship between absorptive capacity and relational capital and to identify a potential stock of technology knowledge (T-knowledge) that can act as a catalyst for these relationships. We also examine the relative importance and significance of 'intentional unlearning' as a bridge between 'relational capital' and 'T-knowledge' and the existence and enhancement of relational capital. These relationships are examined through an empirical investigation of 125 Portuguese companies.

Portugal is facing an extremely difficult economic situation and thousands of jobs have been lost. As a result, the ability for organisations to create, transfer, assemble, integrate and use relational capital as leverage is fundamental to achieving a competitive advantage or, indeed, survival. Associacao Empresarial da Regiao do Algarve (NERA) is a non-profit organisation of an inter-sectoral nature associated with the Portuguese Industrial Association representing the Algarve.

Analysis of the data indicates that if the organisation considers the establishment of a stock of T-knowledge as a prior step to the enhancement of unlearning, then unlearning has a positive influence on the conditions that stimulate the enhancement of relational capital. Our main conclusion is that creation of relational capital by NERA members will depend to a significant extent on how managers acquire, analyse, interpret, and understand new external knowledge. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Information about the performance of a BTS (Base Transceiver Station) is needed to help improve a Network service. But in the selection of a good or bad BTS (Base Transceiver Station) it can be caused by several factors such as Transmission, Power, and Celldown BTS. Therefore we need a system that can provide recommendations using the right method, here are the decision support system methods including Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making TOPSIS. The TOPSIS method uses the principle that the chosen alternative must have the closest distance from the positive ideal solution and the longest (farthest) distance from the negative ideal solution from a geometric point of view using Euclidean distance (distance between two points) to determine the relative proximity of an alternative with the optimal solution . Positive ideal solutions are defined as the sum of all the best values that can be achieved for each attribute, while the negative-ideal solution consists of all the worst values achieved for each attribute. while the negative-ideal solution consists of all the worst values achieved for each attribute.


ABSTRACT Subsea cables protection afforded by burying a cable [beneath the sea bed] also means that the available methods for their survey are drastically reduced. From the existing methods only electromagnetics (EM) detection can penetrate the sea bed and provide an effective means for cable localisation. However, EM waves attenuate faster in conductive media such as sea water. EM localisation is considered a short range detection mechanism requiring the use of autonomous or remotely operated underwater platforms. In this paper, the authors investigate the range of EM detection and test detection distances exceeding one hundred metres. The EM signal was detected at distances around 140 m in sea water during the trials conducted in a 'real' environment at Hooe Lake in Plymouth.


Since no physical system can ever be completely isolated from its environment, the study of open quantum systems is pivotal to reliably and accurately control complex quantum systems. In practice, reliability of the control field needs to be confirmed via certification of the target evolution while accuracy requires the derivation of high-fidelity control schemes in the presence of decoherence. In the first part of this thesis an algebraic framework is presented that allows to determine the minimal requirements on the unique characterisation of arbitrary unitary gates in open quantum systems, independent on the particular physical implementation of the employed quantum device. To this end, a set of theorems is devised that can be used to assess whether a given set of input states on a quantum channel is sufficient to judge whether a desired unitary gate is realised. This allows to determine the minimal input for such a task, which proves to be, quite remarkably, independent of system size. These results allow to elucidate the fundamental limits regarding certification and tomography of open quantum systems. The combination of these insights with state-of-the-art Monte Carlo process certification techniques permits a significant improvement of the scaling when certifying arbitrary unitary gates. This improvement is not only restricted to quantum information devices where the basic information carrier is the qubit but it also extends to systems where the fundamental informational entities can be of arbitary dimensionality, the so-called qudits. The second part of this thesis concerns the impact of these findings from the point of view of Optimal Control Theory (OCT). OCT for quantum systems utilises concepts from engineering such as feedback and optimisation to engineer constructive and destructive interferences in order to steer a physical process in a desired direction. It turns out that the aforementioned mathematical findings allow to deduce novel optimisation functionals that significantly reduce not only the required memory for numerical control algorithms but also the total CPU time required to obtain a certain fidelity for the optimised process. The thesis concludes by discussing two problems of fundamental interest in quantum information processing from the point of view of optimal control the preparation of pure states and the implementation of unitary gates in open quantum systems. For both cases specific physical examples are considered: for the former the vibrational cooling of molecules via optical pumping and for the latter a superconducting phase qudit implementation. In particular, it is illustrated how features of the environment can be exploited to reach the desired targets.


e12089 Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of receptors for estrogen, progesterone or HER2, aggressive clinical course and poor response to standard therapy and is mainly observed in young women. In TNBC pathogenesis there is a high probability of genotoxic variant of hormonal cancerogenesis, when estrogens and their metabolites 16-OHE1 can have a direct DNA damaging effect. The purpose of this study was to analyze some characteristics of estrogen metabolism in tumor and perifocal zone in patients of different reproductive status with TNBC. Methods: 15 menopausal patients (mean age 72±3.4 years), 15 premenopausal patients (mean age 52.1±2.7 years) and 15 young patients with normal reproductive function of the ovaries (mean age 35.6±3.2 years) were examined. Levels of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), 2-hydroxyestrogen (2-OHE) and 16-hydroxyestrone (16-OHE1) were detected by the ELISA method in tumor and perifocal zone, E1/E2 ratio was calculated. The values in heal...


ABSTRACT Background: Nutrition-related non-communicable diseases contribute to approximately half of the premature deaths in Namibia. Westernisation and urbanisation of communities have resulted in changing dietary patterns that see people eating more refined and high sugar content foods that are a risk for nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. Sugar-sweetened beverage taxation has been found to influence consumer purchasing behaviour and to raise revenue for health-promoting activity in other low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: To analyse Namibia's non-communicable diseases prevention policy landscape and assess the readiness of the Government to adopt sugar-sweetened beverage taxation policies for public health. Methods: Government policy documents relating to nutrition-related non-communicable diseases were analysed, utilising predetermined variables based on policy theory. Thirteen key informant interviews were conducted with stakeholders from Government, non-governmental organisations and academic institutions. Data sets were analysed utilising Kingdon's analytical theory for agenda setting. Results: Nutrition-related non-communicable diseases are an increasing problem that requires immediate action. Diet and lifestyle are recognised as major contributors to non-communicable diseases. The Government has adopted a multisectoral approach to the control and prevention of non-communicable diseases in Namibia. A sugar-sweetened beverage tax is envisaged in policy, but there is no progress towards its enactment. At the highest level of Government, the Ministry of Finance has ruled out immediate action towards sugar-sweetened beverage taxation. There is little publicly available information about the Namibian beverages industry, but it is closely tied to the South African drinking industry and is influenced by policy action in that country. Conclusion: The Government of Namibia has taken positive steps and the policy environment is friendly towards an SSB tax. The proximity of trade and the competitive nature of the Namibian drinks industry with South Africa suggest that a regional perspective to advocacy would be of value.


Underpricing is a phenomenon that often occurs from IPO activities on the IDX. Underpricing is the difference in stock prices that occur in the primary .market' and secondary' market, where the bid price is lower than the closing price of the first trading day. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of accounting information and investor demand on underpricing.This research was conducted'.at companies whose IPO on .the' Stock .Exchange in 2016-2018. Data collection was obtained from the collection of prospectuses and company financial statements. The total sample of 81 companies using a purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. This study proves that profitability and firm size negatively affect underpricing, while financial leverage and investor demand have no effect on underpricing.
Keywords: Underpricing; Profitability; Company Size; Investor Demand.


Since mid-2005, a pulsar searching system has been operating at 18 cm on the 25-m radio telescope of Urumqi Observatory. Test observations on known pulsars show that the system can perform the intended task. The prospect of using this system to observe 3EG sources and other target searching tasks is discussed.


The directed Rh(III)-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling of the pyrazole unit of the GBT-440 scaffold has been explored with simple as well as conjugated olefins to synthesize post-functionalized GBT-440 analogues. The screening of these synthesized compounds for improving the oxygen binding efficiency of the hemoglobin isolated from the sickled red blood cells revealed that some of these compounds are as good as GBT-440.


Why does a sheet of water flowing over an initially featureless surface spontaneously form a river network? To address this question, we construct a simple model which enables us to examine the shape and stability of individual river channels. We compare predictions for the geometry of fluvial channels with experimental data. In addition, we construct a lattice model which allows us to look at large-scale features of river networks and calculate their scaling relations


Tobacco control in Latin America and the Caribbean has needed revitalizating for several years. As a way to focus resources and stimulate tangible, effective action in tobacco control, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in 2001 launched the Smoke Free Americas initiative to raise awareness about the harmful effect of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and to support efforts to implement 100% smoke-free environments in all public places and workplaces. The initiative provides information about strategies and progress in achieving smoke-free environments through the www.smokefreeamericas.org website, sponsors policy-relevant research, conducts training, and provides seed grants to support strategic smoke-free environment campaigns.


In this paper, a capacitive flexible tactile sensor has been designed by using PORON material and conductive film. It has the characteristics of small size, high flexibility and good pressure detection ability. At the same time, the sensor has been used to reconstruct the traditional orthopaedic vest. According to the change of tactile pressure, the posture of human body is detected, and the classification of normal, hunchback, left-leaning and right-leaning postures is completed in real time. If the user is in abnormal posture, it will give a vibration warning.


High precision GPS network,using to monitoring the crustal movement and deformation of large,middle and small scales,are established in Chinese mainland and its surrounding areas,because the precision of spatial geodetic technology,such as GPS,is improving in the past nearly two decades.The relevant theory and methods for studying the crustal movement and deformation with application of GPS technology are reviewed.The methods of calculating horizontal strain are introduced.The math-physical methods of describing crustal deformation field are introduced with special attention.The progress and existing problems of the study on Extraction the sign of crustal movement and deformation from space geodetic measurements are discussed.


The political processes are analysed that were happening in Azerbaijan after the February Revolution and before the October events of 1917. Based on factual materials, the Azerbaijan public support of the provisional government is shown, and besides, the activation of all political parties and movements at that time. The forms of political activity of national bourgeoisie are examined. Baku is presented as one of the centers of forming the Muslim movement in Russia.


e19151 Background: Lung cancer patients are usually diagnosed based on their symptoms. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these patients only see a physician when their symptoms have strikingly exacerbated in the advanced stage of lung cancer. Chest X-rays and CT scans have been the primary methods to screen and detect lung cancer, but they may be too costly for patients and may yield a very high false positive results. Therefore, research is heavily invested in finding better screening methods and treatment options. To address these goals, studies have focused on using tumor-associated antigens as markers for screening and targets for therapy, specifically immunotherapy. Methods: We evaluated SP17 RNA and protein expression levels in lung cancer cell lines and primary tumors, and normal cell lines, and determined whether or not CTA SP17, PTTG1, and AKAP-4 were capable of generating CTA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro, capable of killing lung cancer cells. Here, our lab explores the aberrant ex...


Summary form only given. Recently, RF lumped devices were in strong demand as an RF application especially in the of field of mobile communication. Many workers have been reported an RF integrated inductor as air core type. In order to achieve the high Q-value, backside substrate removing by micromachining process and optimization of coil structure by magnetic field simulator were approached. However, this MEMS-like approach is incapable of suppressing the parasitic effects effectively, and involves complex fabrication processes. So, we think that the achievement of high Q was easily realized using a magnetic amplification by magnetic materials. Resonance frequency of inductor was depends on ferro-magnetic resonance (FMR) loss and eddy current loss. Eddy current loss can easily controlled by limitation of thickness. FMR can controlled by stripe patterned magnetic films as increasing of uni-axial shape anisotropy.


We report a case of transapical mitral valve‐in‐valve implantation for a deteriorated bioprosthesis using the Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis via the transapical approach. This case demonstrates the safety and feasibility of using the Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis in treating degenerated bioprosthetic mitral valves.


The aim of the present work is to establish an approximate analytical solution for the nonlinear Suscepti- ble, Exposed, Infected, Recovered (SEIR) model applied to novel coronavirus COVID-19. The mathematical model depending of five nonlinear differential equations, is studied and approximate solutions are ob- tained using Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method (OAFM). Our technique ensures a fast convergence of the solutions after only one iteration. The nonstandard part of OAFM is described by the presence of so- called auxiliary functions and of the optimal convergence-control parameters. We have a great freedom to select the auxiliary functions and the number of optimal convergence-control parameters which are optimally determined. Our approach is independent of the presence of small or large parameters in the governing equations or in the initial/boundary conditions, is effective, simple and very efficient. © 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


Western exploitation (also called movement into the West) in the history of America was not only the process of capital's original accumulation in the development of capitalism,but also the process of doing economical pioneering work It promoted extensive exploitation of the West and rapid development of economy This exploitation experienced three stages:colonization in Mississippi drainage basin,exploitation in the distant West,exploitation in prairie Western exploitation is the movement of extensive immigrant's overspread and the process of amalgamation between the United States and citilization and industrialization It had a great effect on American economy,politics and society The reason of the success was stable society,support from government and much attention for science and technology,transport as well


Cause analysis of oil leakage from bearing boxes of boiler auxiliaries and remedial method thereof have been analysed and summarized, emphasizing the method for improving the structural design of packing units. It is considered that the design and installation of built-up labyrinth packing, oil-retaining ring plus oil-introducing ring, as well as stationary combined packing unit to be simple and convenient, needing no adjustment, having good sealing effectiveness, basically not requiring maintenance, being worth to be popularized.


The design of efficient storage hierarchies generally involves the repeated running of "typical" program address traces through a simulated storage system while various hierarchy design parameters are adjusted.

This paper describes a new and efficient method of determining, in one pass of an address trace, performance measures for a large class of demand-paged, multilevel storage systems utilizing a variety of mapping schemes and replacement algorithms.

The technique depends on an algorithm classification, called "stack algorithms," examples of which are "least frequently used," "least recently used," "optimal," and "random replacement" algorithms. The techniques yield the exact access frequency to each storage device, which can be used to estimate the overall performance of actual storage hierarchies.


A scene is proposed as the unit of analysis in broadcast news studies as a way to measure a more accurate representation of perspectives and arguments of a story. Based on film studies, a scene is defined as a unit that represents continuity in time, place, character, ideas, or themes in a news story. The role of a scene in a news story is analyzed by examining how the position, length, and proportion of a scene frame and valence are related to story frame and valence.


this study will test the market reaction seen from the JCI on the announcement of the Covid 19 Virus Pandemic on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses secondary data, namely composite stock price index from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020. This study uses an event study to analyze the movements that occur in the JCI from day to day with an event period of 10 days. The population used in this study was composite stock price index data on the 5 days before the announcement and 5 days after the announcement. The data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis in this study was the statistical analysis of Paired Sample T-test. This test tool is part of the comparative hypothesis test or comparison test. From the results it can be concluded 1) There is a difference in composite stock price index data before and after the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic on 12 March 2020, 2) The announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic has an effect on the differences in the JCI before the announcement and after the announcement of the COVID-19 Pandemic.


ness is narrower than that of higher-status groups, giving the appearance of greater tolerance of deviance as seen from the vantage point of higher-status groups, including the mental health professions. In short, lowerstatus groups may appear to higher-status observers to "tolerate" what such observers define as seriously deviant behavior, but the word "tolerant" has no meaning as a description of these attitudes. Rather, the attitudes of lower-status groups towards what they themselves define as serious mental disorder are in keeping with what most studies have shown about their attitudes towards civil rights, political nonconformity, and toward outgroups-intolerance of behavior, customs, or appearances that deviate from their norms.


For the fires of this experimental series, the zoned smoke control system effectively maintained positive pressurization and restricted smoke to the fire floor. High temperature exhaust fan gases can result in a significant loss of system pressurization. The equations presented in this article can be used to evaluate this effect. Smoke bombs should not be used for acceptance tests that are intended to simulate system performance under unsprinklered fire conditions. Chemical smoke from smoke bombs is very different from smoke due to a flaming fire


On the basis of the properties introduction,composition and working principle of PPTC,the advantage of PPTC was analyzed by comparing with other current protector,also the application and development of PPTC were pointed out.


Self-interpretation - the way human agents define themselves through a language of articulacy - is what my paper is about. I want to suggest, through a reading of Measure for Measure, All's Well That Ends Well, and Troilus and Cressida, that Shakespearean characters articulate their identities by being oriented toward what they contemplate as the higher good. My purpose is to demonstrate how Isabella, Bertram, and Hector's definitions of themselves influence their decisions and thus their actions. In the light of Charles Taylor's writings linking self-interpretation and ethics, I will examine the development of each character's identity in terms of what she or he considers as the ultimate life, more specifically and respectively the life of a virgin, the life of a soldier, and the life of a proud and famous leader. For Taylor, self-interpretation is shaped by the pursuit of a certain good deemed higher than the others. I also specifically draw on Mustapha Fahmi's particular views proposing that self-interpretation is one of the underlying conditions of agency in Shakespeare. Fahmi affirms that Shakespeare's characters are self-interpreting subjects; the way they define themselves is the scaffolding upon which their identity is constructed. Agents such as Isabella, Bertram, and Hector seem to act out of a certain assurance that the good they strive for is not only worthier and higher than all others, but more likely to lead them to happiness. All three characters have the capacity to make evaluations based on distinctions of worth.

Les personnages de Shakespeare sont des sujets auto-interpretateurs, c'est-a-dire que la facon dont ils se definissent est l'echafaudage sur lequel est construite leur identite1. L'auto-interpretation, definie par Mustapha Fahmi comme etant la maniere par laquelle l'agent se donne sens a travers un langage d'expressions riches, est le sujet de mon memoire. C'est en prenant appui sur les ecrits de Mustapha Fahmi sur l'auto-interpretation que sera examine le developpement identitaire de Isabella de Measure for Measure, de Bertram de All's Well that Ends Well et de Hector de Troilus and Cressida. J'aurai aussi recours aux recherches du philosophe Charles Taylor pour sa vision particuliere qui lie F auto-interpretation et l'ethique. Pour Taylor, l'auto-interpretation est faconnee par la poursuite d'un « bien » estime superieur aux autres. Or, la capacite a evaluer des biens est le critere sous-jacent de l'agentivite dans les oeuvres de Shakespeare. Comme nous pourrons le voir dans les trois pieces ci-haut mentionnees, Isabella, Bertram et Hector sont des agents dans le sens ou ils agissent selon certains criteres a savoir que le bien qu'ils poursuivent est non seulement superieur aux autres biens, mais aussi enclin a les mener vers le bonheur.


a maximum of twenty-five prototypes from the small musical patterns in Mozart's six works. In a few cases the prototypes derived by the two experiments were nearly the same. Of course, the computer doing these simulations does not think in terms of musical conceptseverything must be a number. So from the computer's point of view, the memory of a prototype is just an array of numbers, each number standing for the strength of the association between a particular musical feature and the prototype. Figure 9 presents the similar numerical arrays representing the prototypes stored in long-term memory #10 of both simulations, first in graphic form and then in a conjectured musical form. Both versions of this prototype have abstracted the voice-leading progression from a tonic chord in first inversion to a subdominant chord in root position. The main difference between the two seems to be the richer melodic memory of the ametric simulation. The ametric simulation, more sensitive to weak passing or neighboring tones, incorporated into this prototype hints of two secondary dominants (V^ of IV and vii of ii) while the metric simulation associated those patterns with other prototypes. On the sole basis of memory #10 one might assume that the ametric simulation did the better job by including more detail in its abstractions. But from a larger perspective the reverse is actually true. The metric version of memory #10 is the more focused of the two and thus less likely to be recalled at inappropriate moments. Judged by human standards, the ametric simulation consistently had This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 25 Jul 2016 04:58:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


Objective To investigate the clinicopathological,immunophenotypical and electron microscopical features of cutaneous langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH). Methods A case of rare adult cutaneous LCH was reported and the clinicopathological features were summarized by literature review. Results Skin biopsies were performed four times. Histopathologically,the langerhans cells infiltrated in the dermis diffusely. The tumor cells were positivity for CD1a and S-100,some of them for Langerin immunohistochemically. Birbeck granules were found by electron microscopy. Conclusion Disseminated adult cutaneous LCH is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. The confirmed diagnosis is based on the aggregate analysis of its histological features,immunophenotype and ultramicrostructure. The prognosis is related with the onset age,the quantity of affected organs.


A new technique for the construction of optimal odd fractional designs in mixed series experiment is developed. The construction begins by classifying all the experimental points in the experimental region into groups where the levels of each factor is centred at zero, thereafter the P point trial designs is formed by picking the support points from the first group to the last depending on the size of the designs using some optimality checks. The technique obtains a P-point optimal design using loss of information as an optimality Criteria. Numerical illustrations confirm the effectiveness of this technique.


A key requirement of dynamic traffic management is accurate real-time data on the actual as well as the expected short term future traffic state. Information on expected future traffic conditions 30 or 60 minutes ahead can only be provided by means of a forecasting tool, capable of predicting traffic conditions in real-time. The DYNA project, which is part of the DRIVE II programme of the EC, deals with the development, implementation and testing of a real-time traffic forecasting model system for inter-urban motorway networks including an initial application in a pilot area around Rotterdam. It was decided to apply two different methods in parallel, whose results will be merged: - a statistical model, using a state-space/Kalman filter approach with explicit feedback of prediction errors; - a dynamic traffic assignment model, working in connection with a dynamic OD prediction method. The objectives and system architecture of the DYNA project are described.


The number of vehicles is slowly increasing day by day all over the world. Vehicles are also increasing in the major cities of India. This result increasing in huge traffic congestion at a faster rate. Due to which the citizen of metropolitan area is wasting a huge amount of time. Congestion slows the speed, longer the trip times and increases queuing characterize traffic congestion. This lead's the drivers to get frustrated and engaging in road fury, these conditions may affect the patients in the ambulance if they are not taken to the hospital on time. Keywords— Traffic Congestion control, Traffic control, Emergency vehicle clearance, Ambulance clearance, stolen vehicle detection


The hunting movement of the railway vehicles is a transversal oscillation of the bodies of the system coupled with a rotation around the vertical axis. The causes are the conicity of the wheels and the fact that they are rigidly mounted on the axle (1). This oscillation may occur even on a hypothetic perfect track and endangers the running safety. The model which describes this phenomenon is nonlinear and therefore analytical expressions of the amplitudes may not be obtained. In this paper we deduce an approximate analytical expression of the solution by means of the


The officially designated curriculum syllabus of each country, considered a reflection of national policies of education, is a valuable source for studying policies. As globalization continues to draw the world closer, curriculum syllabi in the Asian-Pacific region have been adapted to changing curricular demands. At the same time, the importance of music assessment in international circles finds itself increasingly reflected in the music curriculum guidelines/standards in countries of the region. This chapter explores assessment policies addressed in music curriculum syllabi in China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. It begins with a brief introduction of the educational context and music curriculum of each country/district, followed by a review of its policy of music assessment. The chapter closes with a general discussion of commonalities, challenges, and trends and issues regarding music assessment from an Asian perspective.


In this paper we examine differences in upper secondary school attendance among subgroups of the population in Thailand. We ascertain where inequalities continue to exist and where they have been mediated. We analyze data from samples of the 1990 and 2000 Thai censuses. We find that the gender gap favoring boys has closed at the national level and that girls now transition to upper secondary school more often than do boys. Inequalities still exist according to socioeconomic background of families. Rural-urban differences have narrowed considerably since 1990, but they continue to be observed, particularly in certain parts of the country. Similarly, differences between Muslims and others appear to have lessened over the last decade, but Muslims continue to be disadvantaged compared to others, particularly in the South.


Negative differential conductance (NDC) is expected to be an essential property to realize fast switching in future electronic devices. We here present a thorough analysis on electron transmission of a simple atomic-scale model consisting of two rectangular prisms, and clarify the detailed mechanism of the occurrence of NDC phenomenon in terms of the changes of local density of states upon applying bias voltages to the electrodes. On boosting up bias voltages, we observe the sudden suppression of transmission peaks which results in NDC behavior in the current–voltage characteristic. This suppression is explained by the fact that when the bias voltage exceeds a certain threshold, the conduction channels contributing to the current flow are suddenly closed up to deny the electron transportation.


In this paper, a microstrip circuit structure for a K-Band Wilkinson power divider is presented. The designed power divider is composed of two-step taper stubs based on empirical equations. The symmetry of this circuit allows a half circuit analysis through looking at the odd- and even-model excitations. To demonstrate its performance, the proposed Wilkinson power divider has been fabricated and tested. Results show that the measured insertion loss is less than 0.3dB and that the output re∞ection, input re∞ection and isolation are better than 16dB, 22dB, 16dB, respectively, in the frequency range from 18GHz to 27GHz.


Phenology, seed morphology, seed viability and germination behabiour of some wetland plants in control at moist filter paper in petridishes was carried out in wetland plants-Aeschynemone asper L. (Fabaceae); Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees exsteudel (Poaceae); Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine (Acanthaceae); Pesicaria barbatum (L.) Hara (Polygonaceae); and Rumex dentatus L. (Polygonaceae) were studied at Biratnagar. Number of seeds per gram ranged between161-12722. Viable seeds of A. asper (98%) and P. barbatum (55%) had no germination but E. unioloides had cent percent germination; H. auriculata, and Rumex dentatus showed 96% germination. A.asper and E. unioloides germinated in early rainy; spent vegetative phase up to August- September; and completed flowering, fruiting and seed maturation before winter.


The present invention discloses a method of using a microreactor -e- α- amino-caprolactam prepared caprolactam, caprolactam, and the α- amino -e- of potassium hydroxide dissolved in water to give the solution a, and then hydroxylamine sulfonic -O- acid was dissolved in water to obtain a solution of b, and a solution was pumped into the passages simultaneously b modular reactor at a low temperature in a microstructured reactor, -5 ~ 5 ℃, pH stays under 2 ~ 15min conditions 8 to 12, low microstructured reactor discharge and then passed into a high temperature microstructured reactor, the residence 2 ~ 15min at 90 ~ 100 ℃, the reaction product was concentrated into the separation apparatus, adding an organic solvent for extraction to obtain an organic extracts were combined, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, to give the final product of caprolactam. The method of the present invention is easy to operate and control the process of preparing, with potential industrial scale.


This study aims to determine the ectoparasites and endoparasites that infest fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) in Ketapang Timur, Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. The samples in this study were blood, feces and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats taken in Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. Blood samples were examined using a blood smear method with Giemsa staining, while stool samples were examined using three methods, namely native, sucrose floating, and acid-fast modification. Blood examination was checked using a microscope with 1000x magnification and stool examination at 400x magnification. The sample is considered positive if under microscope observation found parasites that match the characteristics of the protozoa sourced from scientific references. The results of the study of 50 fruit bats examined found five positives for digestive protozoa and ectoparasites, the infection was single, with details of one tail being infected with Eimeria sp. and one tail was infected by Leptocyclopodia ferrarii, while blood protozoa were not found. This study concludes that the type of protozoa found in the digestive tract is Eimeria sp. (14%) and ectoparasite Leptocyclopodia ferrarii. (2%). The total percentage obtained was 16% positive for a single infection of protozoa and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats. Suggestions that can be put forward are to conduct further research using PCR and sequencing to obtain more specific and accurate identification results, for subspecies or strains.


Bi-based oxyhalide Bi4TaO8X (X=Cl, Br, I) photocatalysts have been prepared by the combined method of liquid phase and solid state reactions and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). Using the azo dye wastewater simulated by aqueous methyl orange (MO) solutions, photocatalytic activity of these catalysts was studied under ultraviolet light, visual light, and solar irradiation. All of the samples had high photocatalytic activity. After 2 h of ultraviolet radiation, the degradation efficiency of methyl orange by Bi4TaO8X (X=Cl, Br, I) was as high as 100%. Under visible-light and solar irradiation, the photocatalytic activity decreased in the order Bi4TaO8I>Bi4TaO8Br>Bi4TaO8Cl. More than 90% degradation efficiency was observed for Bi4TaO8I after 12 h of solar irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation kinetics of methyl orange have been investigated under different types of light irrad...


Performance testing of small animal PET scanners is very important to ensure the high performance required for this particular type of PET scanner. In this sense, National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA) published its NU 4/2008 standards, a consistent and standardized methodology for measuring scanner performance parameters for small animal PET imaging. Imaging capabilities of the scanner LabPET SOLO 4 were tested during two years according NEMA NU 4/2008 methodology. Results indicates that the equipment, despite a decade of use, presents performance appropriated and similar to performance of equipments reported in Literature.


At the recent fall meeting of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery held in Washington, DC, Donna J. Millay and Wayne F. Larrabee, Jr, Seattle, presented a paper on subcutaneous pedicle flaps detailing the development of an experimental model and clinical applications. The experimental portion of the presentation consisted of the development and evaluation of subcutaneous pedicle flaps in the porcine model. This was performed on three juvenile pigs in which subcutaneous pedicle flaps of various lengths with various angles of rotation were developed. Blood flow in the flaps was then estimated with Doppler lasers at various stages of flap development. Using this model, it was noted that there was no change in flap profusion with the initial skin and subcutaneous incisions. However, the authors found that there was a marked drop in blood flow to the flap, with undermining and production of the subcutaneous pedicle. It


.................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter One: The Problem ..................................................................................................1 Background of the Problem .....................................................................................2 Purpose and Importance of the Study ......................................................................3 Statement of the Problem .........................................................................................6 Research Question ...................................................................................................7 Clarification of Terms ..............................................................................................7 Summary ..................................................................................................................9 Chapter Two: Review of Relevant Literature ....................................................................10 Executive Coaching ...............................................................................................10 Executive coaching defined ...................................................................... 10 History and growth ................................................................................... 12 Coaching versus psychotherapy ................................................................ 13 Coachee situations .................................................................................... 17 Coaching process ...................................................................................... 19 Coach qualifications .................................................................................. 32 Coaching on difficult issues ...................................................................... 43 Effectiveness of executive coaching ......................................................... 43 Psychological Type ................................................................................................47 Development of type theory ...................................................................... 47 The MBTI ................................................................................................. 49 Measurements ........................................................................................... 50 Application of type theory ........................................................................ 58 Coaching With Psychological Type .......................................................................67 Leadership development strategies ........................................................... 67 Midlife considerations .............................................................................. 73 Benefits of development with psychological type .................................... 73 Summary ................................................................................................................74


Nghe An is the largest province area in Viet Nam with many favorable conditions for developing farm economy. Researching on the farm economy in Nghe An is approached in the direction of sustainable development theory and from the farm owners. Base on principle of sustainable development to survey 150 farms, which were selected by two criteria group: distribution such as mountains, midland, coast plain and types of farms such as cultivation, animal husbandry, forestry, aquaculture. The content was collected focus on: land use, labor, product value, average farm income and land use efficiency,.... Based on the results analyzed, there are some problems in Nghe An farms development: the scale of farms are small, quality product is not high, dificulties in product consumption, there is not link between farms, environmental protection issues are not paid attention,… This is not meet the need of sustainable development. Some solutions are proposed, such as: expanding farm scale, creating the close links between farm owners and enterprises, applying the scientific advances in production, building the waste treatment facilities and developing specialized products by region advantage, etc.


To determine the hematological parameters in the conventional bama minipigs of different sexes,the 15 hematological parameters,16 seral biochemical parameters and 3 clotting parameters of the bama minipigs were analyzed.All the hematological parameters were compared between female and male minipigs.The results indicated the differences in most of hematological parameters between female and male bama minipigs were not significant(P0.05).Most of hematological parameters in conventional bama minipigs are not affected by sex.


In 2019, the government of the Canadian province of Ontario announced major changes to the structure, governance and funding of public health services. Throughout these changes, publicly funded local and regional public health organizations are still expected to provide effective, evidence-informed programming to their communities. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) has facilitated collaborations to support Ontario public health through this transition.

 In order to support evidence-informed public health in Ontario during this transition, the NCCMT reached out to current and potential partners, within and beyond the public health sector for a multidisciplinary approach. We conducted a needs assessment for an evidence review repository, which would allow public health practitioners to share and build upon each other's work. Finally, demonstrating the value of public health to policymakers can be inherently challenging as the return on investment in public health is often very long term. We partnered with health units in varying capacities to find and synthesize evidence to advocate for continued investment in public health.

 This initiative has provided important lessons in developing and maintaining strong partnerships. Looking beyond the public health sector can establish mutually beneficial partners and allies in other disciplines. A key finding was the need to establish infrastructure to support collaboration and resource sharing. Finally, we learned that big picture questions like demonstrating the value of public health require many different perspectives, inputs and areas of expertise.

 Through this initiative, we have developed a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to supporting evidence-informed public health through times of major restructuring. This approach can be applied to future changes to public health on smaller or larger scales, or within other geographic regions.

 Multidisciplinary approaches can support collaboration, unity and advocacy in times of change. Establishing infrastructure to support collaboration and sharing of resources is valuable.


Objective: Hemodialysis (HD) and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) have been adopted as forms of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with acute renal failure (ARF). Although CVVHDF has many advantages, previous studies reported no definite improvement in survival rate compared to HD. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 148 intensive care unit patients underwent HD (70 males, 25 females; mean age 45±17 years) or CVVHDF (42 males, 11 females; mean age 52±18 years). The severity of illness was estimated at the initiation of RRT and on the third day of RRT and presented using the APACHE III scoring system. The number of organ failures was checked at the initiation of RRT. Results: The survival rate was 46% in the HD group and 21% in the CVVHDF group (p=0.002). CVVHDF was applied to the more severely ill patients, who had longer periods using a ventilator (p=0.002) and/or vasopressor (p<0.001), higher numbers of organ failures (p<0.001) and higher initial APACHE III scores (p<0.001). Among patients with APACHE III scores >103, the survival rate was 13% in the CVVHDF group and 0% in the HD group. In patients with kidney failure and failure of two other organs, the survival rate was 9% in the HD group and 36% in the CVVHDF group (p=0.035). Conclusion: The mortality rate in the CVVHDF group was higher than that in the HD group, which may have been because CVVHDF was applied to the more severely ill patients. In contrast, CVVHDF may give a chance of survival to patients with APACHE III scores >103 and may be more useful than HD in patients with failure of three or more organs.


Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease represent a growing socio-economic burden in countries where average life expectancy is increasing (Lang, 2010). As such, gaining a better understanding of the multiple mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration is an essential first step towards the development of therapeutic approaches to disease prevention and intervention. Interestingly, despite the fact that most neurodegenerative disorders affect specific cell populations, there is strong evidence that many of these diseases share some common pathogenic hallmarks, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death (Moreira et al. , 2010). Importantly, these features appear closely intertwined. This is perhaps best illustrated by the observations that mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of cell death pathways. Each of these processes may in turn be linked, either directly or indirectly, to depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, dysfunction of the respiratory chain, ATP depletion and/or the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) (Moreira et al. , 2010). This pore is a cyclophilin D (CypD)-regulated high conductance inner membrane channel that, upon prolonged opening, causes either apoptosis or necrosis (Di Lisa et al. , 2011). CypD is a mitochondrial matrix protein that initiates mPTP opening by binding to the inner mitochondrial membrane, a process that is regulated by Ca2+ overload, inorganic phosphate and oxidative stress (Di Lisa …


In germinating cotton embryos the partial inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D does not inhibit the incorporation of leucine-14C into soluble protein nor cause a loss of polyribosomes during the first 16 hours of germination. This suggests that the protein synthesis observed during this period is directed by messenger RNA which exists in the mature seed and which is not rapidly degraded and resynthesized.


Industrial processes are characterized to be in open environments, with high uncertainty, unpredictability and nonlinear behavior. They have to be monitored and measured rigorously due to their behavior having a direct and serious impact on product quality, safety, productivity, pollution and finance. However, industrial processes have enormous volumes of complex and high dimensional data available, with poorly defined domains and redundant, noisy or inaccurate measures with unknown parameters. Therefore, using just relevant and informative variables will decrease the high dimensionality and will facilitate the use of techniques to find patterns in data to correctly identify the functional states of the process, improving the performance of monitoring and measuring tasks. In this paper, we address the problem of sensor selection in industrial processes, where a mathematical or structural model and the class labels are not available or suitable. We propose a wrapper feature selection approach based on clustering, to perform an accurate process dataset classification with minimal variables needed. The proposed method is applied on an intensification reactor, the 'open plate reactor (OPR)', over thiosulfate and esterification reactions. Results are compared with previous work on the same datasets showing that fewer variables are needed to correctly identify all the functional states of the process.


This paper describes the Xilinx' first product, the 2000 series FPGA architecture and the first device built with it, containing many FPGA "firsts" in just a one and half page paper! It was the first paper describing a commercial programmable logic device (PLD) that employed a 2-‐ dimensional array architecture (just like the fabricated gate arrays of the time) of logic surrounded by routing. It is also the first commercial PLD that employed static RAM memory-‐ based programming technology, when all previous devices were either fused, EPROM or EEPROM-‐based. The static RAM programmability gave rise to the idea of rapid change of the functionality, leading to the possibility of "dynamic hardware" as the authors call it, which is in use broadly today.


Five gas horizons have been established in the section of the Beurdeshik field: XVII-Middle Jurassic; XV 1 , XV 2 , XV 3 - Callovian-Oxfordian; XIV-Kimmeridgean-Titonian. Horizon XIV, which contains 60% of the reserves, has received the most study. The cover for the gas pool of horizon XIV consists of clays and clayey limestones of the Valanginian more than 30 m thick. The pay zone is largely limey sandstone with rare beds of anhydrite. The reservoirs are the granular-pore type; open porosity ranges from 9 to 24%, and permeability from 20 to 50 md. The pinchout of the salt unit of the Upper Jurassic directly within the area of the Beurdeshik field controls the hydraulic connection between the sub-salt and supra-salt gas-oil-water-conducting units. See The line of pinchout of salts runs far to the southeast through the Ortakak area (4). gas


The microstructure evolution during rapid solidification and subsequent heat treatment of an Al 89 Ni 10 Zr 1 alloy has been investigated by TEM.It is shown that the as-spun alloy consists of grains of aluminum solid solution and Al 3Ni particles.Low temperature (350℃) heat treatments lead to precipitate the Al 3Ni phase.At higher temperatures(450℃)the super saturated solid solution precipitate a metastable fcc Ll 2-Al 3Zr phase on short time(4h) and the Ll 2-Al 3Zr transform to equliibrium DO 23 -Al 3Zr phase with a tetragonal structure on longer time(8h).


This article introduces the International Motor Vehicle Program, which coined the term "Lean Production" in 1990.

Keywords:

international motor vehicle program


This paper explains the current conditions,development trend of nuclear turbine along with vision on its domestic design and manufacture by utilizing local materials.


With responses to urban violence receiving increasing academic attention, the literature on anti-gang efforts in Latin America has focused mainly on coercive mano dura policies and cooperative gang truces. Yet, there remains a paucity of studies going beyond such carrots-and-sticks approaches towards gangs. To fill this gap, this study investigates the possibilities and limitations of substitutive security governance across Latin America and the Caribbean. More specifically, this article looks at Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) programmes in Medellin, Armed Violence Reduction and Prevention (AVRP) efforts in Haiti and Security Sector Reform (SSR) in Guatemala and Rio de Janeiro. It will be argued that communities are driven to support gangs against the oppressive state when they are indiscriminately targeted through muscular operations. Likewise, engaging gangs in dialogue grants them legitimacy and further weakens the position of the state. Therefore, the only sustainable solution lies in substitutive security governance, which aims to replace the functions gangs fulfil for their members, sponsors, and the community in which they are nested with a modern and accountable state that is bound by the rule of law. Still, substitutive strategies vis-a-vis gangs have their own limitations, which can only be overcome by way of an integrated and coordinated framework.


The law of total probability may be deployed in binary classication exercises to estimate the unconditional class probabilities if the class proportions in the training set are not representative of the population class proportions. We argue that this is not a conceptually good approach and suggest an alternative based on the new law of total odds. We quantify the bias of the total probability estimator of the unconditional class probabilities and show that the total odds estimator is unbiased. The law of total odds can also be used for transforming the conditional class probabilities if exogenous estimates of the unconditional class probabilities of the population are