ABSTRACT In the current research, Global Positioning System (GPS) based 121 surface soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for different soil fertility parameters. The results showed that the bulk density (BD) of soils of 1.39 Mg m−3, dark gray and grayish brown, sandy clay loam, neutral to slightly alkaline soil reaction (pH), safe in electrical conductivity (EC), low to medium in organic carbon (OC) and non-calcareous in nature. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) were analyzed as low, medium, high and low with NI of 1.26, 2.19, 2.69 and 1.31, respectively. In the Farm, field (F) wise, OC, N, P, K and S content in soil varied from 4.89 (F20) to 7.33 g kg−1(F15), 196.71 (F20) to 264.25 kg ha−1 (F15), 4.10 (F19) to 27.04 kg ha−1 (F16), 292.72 (F2) to 674.80 kg ha−1 (F13) and 3.99 (F18) to 13.75 mg kg−1 (F13), respectively. Post hoc results also revealed that fields and land use types were significantly different. Ordinary Kriging in Geo-statistical tools revealed that the exponential model was best fitted for, N, P, K, OC, √CaCO3 and √K, which exhibited moderate spatial dependence (>25 but < 75%), whereas Gaussian model was used for BD, pH and CaCO3. Correlation ranges(m) for P was 717.57 m and exhibited strong spatial dependency (<25%). The J-Bessel model was used for EC and√EC. The spherical model was used for S which showed 57.95% spatial dependence. The spatial maps could be used as a basis for precision farming.


The vigour of Lolium perenne during its establishment year was evaluated under subtropical conditions. Both plant and individual tiller vigour were monitored under nitrogen (N) applications ranging from 120‐720 kg/ha/yr. Plant vigour, as indexed by etiolated growth per unit area, increased with increasing levels of applied N up to 480 kg/ha/yr. Increasing levels of applied N increased tiller density, but reduced individual tiller vigour. Irrespective of treatment effects, vigour in perennial ryegrass under subtropical conditions during the establishment year declines during mid- to late summer.


The treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRWW) is of great interest in industrial wastewater management. This wastewater contains a diverse concentration of contaminants such as oil and grease, petroleum hydrocarbons, phenols, ammonia, and sulfides, as well as other organic and inorganic composites. Refinery wastewater treatment has been attempted through various processes, including physical, biological, chemical, and hybrid methods, which combine two or more techniques. This review aims to summarize current research studies involved in the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater using conventional, advanced, and integrated treatment techniques. Furthermore, it critically highlights the efficiencies and major limitations of each technique and the prospects for improvements. Several conventional treatment techniques (basically, the physicochemical and biological processes) are discussed. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AoPs), especially electrochemical oxidation and photocatalysis, as well as integrated/hybrid processes are found to be effective in removing the recalcitrant fraction of organic pollutants through their various inherent mechanisms. These techniques could effectively remove COD and phenol concentrations with an average removal efficiency exceeding 90%. Hence, the review also presents an elaborate discussion of the photocatalytic process as one of the advanced techniques and highlights some basic concepts to optimize the degradation efficiency of photocatalysts. Finally, a brief recommendation for research prospects is also presented.


The goal of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the performance of a WCDMA multicellular network which employs antenna arrays (AAs) at the base station (BS) under different Radio Resource Management (RRM) strategies. The performance is evaluated statistically in terms of maximum achievable capacity. A WCDMA system level simulator has been developed which executes independent Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in parallel. Simulation results indicate that there can be significant variations in capacity resulting from the differences in the interference suppression mechanism among the RRM strategies.


Since 1967, the Melbourne Medical Postgraduate Committee has conducted a computer matching service for the appointment of junior resident medical officers. The graduates, with the aid of the "Directory of Internships and Residencies Available in Victorian Hospitals", make a confidential selection of hospitals in order of preference. The hospitals similarly make a confidential list of the applicants in order of preference. The computer then simply matches the graduate's choice of hospital with the hospital's choice of graduate, making it possible to appoint all graduates applying to these hospitals in one operation. All Victorian hospitals now participate, and in addition, two hospitals in New South Wales and two in Tasmania participate in the scheme.


Human beings vary in their internal anatomy in about the same degree that they vary in their external form and configuration. Were a man who was thin and 6 feet high to ask us to make him fat and 5 feet 6 inches high by operating on him, we would think him mentally deranged. Yet how frequently in the past have we attempted to correct surgically the internal anatomy because of variations from the average normal, especially the position of the abdominal viscera. It is less than ten years since nephrorrhaphy, ventrofixation, gastrorrhaphy and kindred operations were resorted to on indications which would not be accepted to-day. We have come to appreciate the fact that comparatively few of the abdominal viscera have unchangeable anatomic characteristics and that variations within limits are not to be considered abnormal. The large intestine, with its short heredity and changing function, has no such fixed


This text reviews the work of the Federal District Planning Commission in the 1950s.  This approach sheds light on the decision-making process of urban policies envisaged by the legislation of the time. The aim is to determine the role of this original mechanism in public decision-making; it is original in that it involves several actors and attempts to operate as a consulting body on technical town-planning knowledge in the context of a city where the local public authority is not elected by its inhabitants. The discussion of urban projects leads to the crystallization of controversies that hamper public works, trigger changes in the legal framework and will incorporate new actors into the decision-making process while at the same time, shedding light on the world of planners in Mexico City: their conceptions of urban development in the city, the way they participate in public actions and the way the identity of this professional field is shaped.


The development and application of common gas heat exchangers were introduced. The reasons of dropsy,deposition and corrosion of gas exchangers were analyzed,and the preventive and betterment measures were presented.


Abstract—Arachidonic acid (AA) and other nonesterified fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to exert harmful effects during cardiac ischemia. By continuously measuring intracellular pH (pHi) changes in neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes, we have found, for the first time, that 10 μmol/L AA induces a substantial intracellular acidosis (0.3 to 0.4 pH units). We have ruled out the possibilities that the AA-induced acidosis is caused by (1) inhibition or stimulation of the pHi regulators, (2) protein kinase C activation or the generation of AA metabolites or free radicals, or (3) activation of NADPH oxidase or an inward H+ current. The AA-induced acidosis fits to a simple diffusion mechanism, as proposed by Kamp and Hamilton (flip-flop model) for artificial phospholipid bilayers. The important properties found in the cardiac myocyte are that (1) the initial rate of acid flux (JH) increases with the AA concentration (2 to 50 μmol/L), (2) FAs with a −COOH group (eg, AA, oleic acid, and linoleic acid) induce intra...


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is emerging as a multisystem disease culminating in various complications especially to the ocular system if not treated at the earliest. The role of various comorbidities in aggravating the severity of diabetic retinopathy is sparsely studied. This study was performed to throw light at this aspect of the need for early identification of comorbidities and its role in progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Methods: Study was conducted among 257 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with various grades of retinopathy as classified based on ETDRS classification. Clinical history and comprehensive systemic and ocular examination was done and laboratory profile of serum lipids and blood sugar values were collected. The analysis was carried out using SPSS software and results presented in percentages and p value 200mg/dl. Present study revealed a positive association of retinopathy with hypertension (p value 0.034) and smoking (p value 0.002).
Conclusion: Comorbidities associated with Diabetes mellitus were contributing to worsening of diabetic retinopathy. Hence the need for prompt identification and control of these should form a part of the routine management of any stage of diabetic retinopathy to prevent sight threatening complications.

Keywords: Smoking, Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Hypertension


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chemical compositions of the essential oils of Eupatorium fortunei extracted by CO2-supercritical-fluid-extraction(SFE-CO2) vs.steam distillation extraction(SD).METHODS: The essential oils of the E.fortunei were extracted by SD vs.SFE-CO2.The chemical components were separated and analyzed by GC-MS.RESULTS: 31 compounds were identified in the essential oils of E.fortunei extracted by SFE-CO2,accounting for 75.97% of the peak area of the total ion-current chromatogram,with 2-propenoic acid-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl ester showing the highest proportion(40.50%).21 compounds were identified in the essential oils of E.fortunei extracted by SD,accounting for 51.70% of the peak area of the total ion-current chromatogram,with caryophyllene showing the highest proportion(10.35%).13 components were mutual in both extraction methods.The contents of the components varied greatly.CONCLUSION: SFE-CO2 is more stable and reliable and reproducible than SD,and it is more applicable for the extraction of the essential oils from Chinese herbal medicine.


This study deals with the mode of external coal transportation of a "Coal Gangue Comprehensive Utilization" project in Hunan,whose first-phase 300 MW supercritical generation unit consumes 94 × 104 t of gangue,middling and poor-quality coal each year that is supplied by a nearby coal and electricity integration entity comprised of Huanglan Coal Mine and Liushu Coal Dressing Plant.Based on the external traffic conditions between the coal mine and the power plant,the paper compares different external transportation modes,concluding that it is possible to reduce the construction cost and save the operation cost.The scheme as proposed meets the requirements for maximization of the comprehensive benefits within the total life cycle and can simplify the transportation management for the power plant leading related cost saving.


In this paper, the KYZB paradox based on the nonlinear model of gas turbine is presented. The phenomenon is also illustrated by a periodic example. Because of this the solution drifts with the same phase velocity, and distorts gradually. Thus a method-overall shape rule as priority, piece selection as secondary, and drifting quantity as compensation-is introduced to rectify the drift by fitting the right hand functions. And the results of numerical examples are satisfied.


Abstract : America's diverse political climate and flourishing economic conditions have forced the Navy to look inward to combat recruiting and retention shortfalls. The detailing process, if properly managed, can positively affect Navy retention rates. The enlisted detailing process accomplishes its mission: assigning Sailors to billets; however, it may do so without optimizing efficiency or effectiveness. Sailor preferences and command requirements provide crucial insights ensuring the Navy focuses on improving operational readiness, maintaining fleet balance, and retaining quality Sailors. Reviewing the detailing process, stakeholders, and policies reveals concerns with the current detailing system biases and inaccessibility. Four areas of pathology within the system are: policy and procedure issues, information systems concerns, career counseling matters, and detailer considerations. Research indicates that current electronic-based interaction has a positive affect and that additional interaction might continue to positively affect the detailing process.


Doxycycline was found to act synergistically with the antifungal fluconazole against Candida albicans as well as against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1). Combination with doxycycline converts fluconazole from fungistatic to fungicidal and prevents the onset of drug resistance. This synergism may be accounted for by doxycyclinemediated iron titration, since growth inhibition can be reversed by externally added iron. However, the mechanism by which iron depletion synergizes with fluconazole is not clear.


Valued components (VCs) are defined as "components of the natural and human environment that are considered by the proponent, public, Aboriginal groups, scientists and other technical specialists, and government agencies involved in the assessment process to have scientific, ecological, social, cultural, archaeological, historical, or other importance" (BC EAO 2013). Four broad categories (i.e., vegetation communities, amphibians, avifauna, and bat species at risk) were selected as Terrestrial VCs. Representative species for each VC were selected if the following three criteria were met:


(57) Abstract: Compositions suitable for manufacture of thermoformable sheet. The composition comprises a crosslinked poly (methyl methacrylate) having a poly uncrosslinked dispersed therein (methyl methacrylate) generally. The composition of at least one crosslinker x about 0.5~1.0Pph, contains at least one chain terminating agent up to about 0.58X~0.28Pph. Its composition has about 0.1~8pph poly also includes a (methyl methacrylate) and the compatibility of the plasticizer, the solid particles dispersed therein from about 20 to 60 wt%.


It′s necessary that the cultural construction of the community be moved forward while the centre of the city management is being shifted down.The development orientation of it is to explore actively the new mode of management of community culture,occupy the thought position of the community with socialistic advanced culture,found the culture development interests community with measures suited to local conditions,create the good soft and hard environment of community culture,excite citizens′ enthusiasm for participating in community culture,make the cultural platform of the community meticulously and promote the urban civilization in an all-round way.


Abstract This paper is devoted to the machinery necessary to apply the general theory of monotone dynamical systems to neutral functional differential equations. We introduce an ordering structure for the phase space, investigate its compatibility with the usual uniform convergence topology, and develop several sufficient conditions of strong monotonicity of the solution semiflows to neutral equations. By applying some general results due to Hirsch and Matano for monotone dynamical systems to neutral equations, we establish several (generic) convergence results and an equivalence theorem of the order stability and convergence of precompact orbits. These results are applied to show that each orbit of a closed biological compartmental system is convergent to a single equilibrium.


Summary form only given. The reaction of various gases was studied in a new device called the catalyst and plasma reactor using a reed switch with holes. This device may make it possible to dissolve NO or NO/sub 2/ in N/sub 2/ through the effects of Rh contacts as the catalyst, and N/sub 2/ plasma reaction between Rh contacts in the glow discharge of the reed switch with holes. Test results that have been obtained with this device are presented and discussed.


Superconductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas under a very high magnetic field is studied by using the Bogoliubov--nde Gennes equations. It is shown that in the quantum limit, where all of the carriers are confined into the lowest Landau level, the excitation spectrum is gapless for any distribution of zeros of the order parameter. Therefore, it is concluded that the presence of gapless excitations, which has been first demonstrated for ordered vortex lattice, is in fact a topological property of the system. The model describes the physics of type-II superconductors where the vortices are pinned by lattice imperfections.


The Sheyenne River is a third order stream that drains a significant portion of central and eastern North Dakota. In 1950, the Baldhill Dam was built and as a result, the reservoir, Lake Ashtabula, was formed. The periphytic algae in this river were extensively studied from 1997 to 1999. During this research, the effects of differences in environmental variables on the algal communities were assessed with Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). In this analysis, the periphytic algal communities in the downstream sites appeared to be quite different from those communities found upriver of Lake Ashtabula. Other research on different rivers has shown profound changes in the algal community after a dam was built along the river. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was used to determine if the sites downstream are more statistically similar with Lake Ashtabula than with the upstream sites. Finally, CCA was used to examine which environmental variables explain the most variance in Lake Ashtabula and the downstream sites.


Background/Objectives : Total phosphorus (T-P) in effluents from sewage treatment plants (STP) causes the eutrophication of natural water. In nature, metal iron (Fe) can be oxidized to Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ oxidation states as well as combine with PO 4 3- to produce the compound FePO 4 . Method/Statistical analysis: The process parameters for T-P removal efficiency was investigated using iron scrap filters on STP effluents. Finding: The results revealed the removal efficiencies of T-P and PO 43- were decreased as the filtration velocity was increased. At the condition of filtration velocity of 300m/d, T-P concentration and color intensity were suited to South Korea's water quality regulation standard of 0.2 mg/L. Improvement/Applications: This filtration system can be used to small capacity waste water treatment plant, operation concerns and cost-benefits.


To implement a dynamic real-time pricing mechanism, all consumers should be exposed to time-varying prices associated with ex ante estimates of generation costs that reflect system operating conditions (p. 81 of Borenstein et al. (2002)) so that they can adjust their demand in accordance to real-time prices as well as ex ante price estimates. The mechanism proposed in this paper is not an exception. The ex ante estimates of real-time prices can be developed by evaluating statistical relationships between historical real-time prices and various factors such as load forecast, weather predictions, and expected supply/demand balances (Borenstein et al., 2002). We now provide a brief discussion of the details of a possible implementation of the proposed pricing mechanism: Ex ante price estimates. Suppose that the exogenous state s t is realized at the beginning of each stage t; for every possible realization of the trajectory (scenario) of future exogenous states {s τ } t+T τ =t+1 , consumers receive corresponding price estimates {ˆp τ } t+T τ =t , { ˆ w τ } t+T τ =t , and {ˆq τ } t+T τ =t , from utilities or an independent system operator. The consumers also know or receive the probabilities of the different trajectories. With the received price estimates (associated with possible trajectories of future exogenous states) and preset utility functions, each consumer's infrastructure solves a dynamic programming problem to maximize her expected payoff over the horizon from t to t + T. (The state at time τ in this dynamic program is comprised of y i,τ , and the history The dimension of this state space grows with the time horizon T (because of the exponentially increasing number of histories). While this is unavoidable for models of this type, tractable approximations are possible, e.g. using a bounded length window, in the spirit of Weintraub et al. (2010). Ex post prices. At each stage t, after the realization of the system demands A t−1 and A t , consumers pay ex post prices (p t , w t , q t) that are determined according to Eqs. (11) and (12). Equilibrium. In a market with a large number of price-taking consumers, it is possible to make ex ante price estimates (contingent on the realized trajectories) that are close to ex post prices. If every consumer 34


This  paper  investigates  the  effect  of  profitability, leverage, environmental  performance  and gender  diversity  on  the  quality  of  environmental  disclosure  by  analyzing  annual  report  of  mining  companies  listed  on  Indonesia  Stock  Exchange  during  2017 - 2019. Based  on  the  purposive  sampling  method, 25  mining  companies  were  selected. This  study  used  panel  data  regression  as  the  data  analysis  method. The  result  showed  that  profitability, leverage  and  gender  diversity  has  not  significant  effect  on  quality  of environmental  disclosure, while  environmental  performance  has  positive  and  significant  effect  on  quality  of  environmental  disclosure. Thus, companies  that  has  ISO 14001  certification  tend  to  disclose  information  related to  their responsibility  to  the  environment more  detail  in  annual  reports.


universal but in particular, contingent cases, the selves fashioned and acting according to the generative rules and conflicts of a given culture. And these selves, conditioned by the expectations of their class, gender, religion, race, and national identity, are constantly effecting changes in the course of history. Indeed, if there is any inevitability in new historicism's vision of history, it is this insistence on agency, for even inaction or extreme marginality is understood to possess meaning and therefore to imply intention. Every form of behavior, in this view, is a strategy: taking up arms or taking flight are significant social actions, but so is staying put, minding one's business, turning one's face to the wall. Agency is virtually inescapable. Inescapable but not simple: new historicism, as I understand it, does not posit historical processes as unalterable and inexorable, but it does tend to discover limits or constraints upon individual intervention. Actions that appear to be single are disclosed as multiple; the apparently isolated power of the individual genius turns out to be bound up with collective social energy; a gesture of dissent may be an element in a larger legitimation process, while an attempt to stabilize the order of things may turn out to subvert it. And political valences may change, sometimes abruptly: there are no guarantees, no absolute, formal assurances that what seems progressive in one set of contingent circumstances will not come to seem reactionary in another. New historicism's insistence on the pervasiveness of agency has apparently led some of its critics to find in it a Nietzschean celebration of the ruthless will to power, while its ironic and skeptical reappraisal of the cult of heroic individualism has led others to find in it a pessimistic doctrine of human helplessness. Hence, for example, from a Marxist perspective, Walter Cohen characterizes new historicism as a "liberal disillusionment" that finds that "any apparent site of resistance ultimately serves the interests of power," while


We have fabrficated field-effect transistors with single-walled carbon nanotube films using various work-function metals (Mg, Al, Ti, and Ni) as the source and drain electrodes to control the transfer characteristic. The n-type transfer characteristic is obtained from the device with low-work-function metal (Mg), and the p-type characteristic is obtained from the device with medium- and high-work-function metals (Al, Ti, and Ni). The ambipolar characteristic of the device with Mg electrodes in air is converted to the n-type characteristic by maintaining in vacuum. The device with Mg as a drain electrode and Ni as a source electrode shows the ambipolar characteristic at small and large drain–source voltages. This device might be able to simultaneously inject electrons and holes into a SWNT.


The crystal and molecular structure of a cytosine and resorcylic acid complex monohydrate has been solved by the direct method. The molecular complex is formed by two moles of cytosine and one mole of resorcylic acid. The crystals are monoclinic, with a space group of P21/n, and with a=8.335, b=20.605, c=10.159 A, and β=95.5°. The final R-factor for 1820 reflections is 0.100. Resorcylic acid is hydrogen-bonded to one of the cytosine molecules with one hydrogen bond, and the two cytosine molecules with one hydrogen bond, and the two cytosine molecules are associated with three hydrogen bonds in a system similar to that of the guanine-cytosine hydrogen bond in the Watson-Crick model.


Gravity field mapping from moving vehicles as ship or aircraft allows to cover large regional areas with a spatial resolution ranging from typically 1 to 10 km. In this paper, we present an absolute cold atom gravimeter capable of performing high performance measurements in such dynamical environments. The demonstrated stability and repeatability reached typically few 0.1 × 10−5 m.s−2 in a marine campaign [1] and few 1 ×10−5 m.s−2 in an airborne survey [2]. The intrinsic very high stability of this atom sensor allows to relax many operational constraints linked to drifts or calibration processes and to obtain repeatable and harmonized gravity maps on long time scales.


Abstract An analog automatic test program generation (ATPG) for both linear and nonlinear circuits is developed. This ATPG is based on a self‐testing algorithm and can translate the simple but readable free‐formated network description to generate the associated diagnosis equation so that the desired fault analysis can be conducted. The user can choose either to input the network description directly or to make the ATPG much more user‐friendly by creating the circuit diagram from a graphical terminal. The ATPG code is subdivided into off‐line and on‐line components while the actual test can be run in either a fully automatic mode or an interactive mode.


After decoupling EU income support, normal Swedish systems for suckler cow-based beef production are unable to pay the costs of new investments and market wages for labour. New production systems, able to achieve full cost coverage, were identified by an expert panel. The two most profitable suggestions can be characterized as 'organic with high environmental grants and premium price for beef' and 'conventional with outdoor wintering of cows'. Both systems presuppose the availability of large areas of semi-natural pasture per cow and larger herd sizes than are now common in Sweden. Breeding progress and other biological improvements could only marginally improve the profitabil.


Project MASTT (Mathematics/Applied Sciences Teacher Training) is a collaboration of the NASA/JFK Space Center, the Miami-Dade and Daytona Volusia County public schools, the Public School System of Puerto Rico, Turabo University, Bethune-Cookman College, and Florida International University. The MASTT program is mainly focused on training elementary and middle school educators (K-8) in the subjects of science and mathematics through the learning module presentations in a classroom setting, as well as through educator workshops. The learning modules are educational activities developed by the program using a vast quantity of high quality educational activities from NASA and other scientific depositories freely available on the Worldwide Web. The program broadens its scope to utilize teacher training activities to attract K-8 level minority students to careers such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).


After the dairy sector, the meat sector is the most important sector in the rural communities of Asturias. The closing of many dairy operations due to reduced quotas has caused an increase in ranching, mainly aimed at meat production. In this piece, we will analyze the recent changes in the types of meat operations, including production changes, markets, the meat industry, and commercial and home slaughtering, which are being transformed by legislative, economic and consumption changes, and because of the achievement of a protected geographical indication "Beef from Asturias".


The results of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of the thermodynamic and structural properties of xenon adsorbed at 120K and 166 K on two stepped surfaces are presented. The solids consisted of graphite basal planes that were truncated to form steps that are two planes in height (i.e., 0.68 nm high) and perfectly straight; they differ in that the widths of the terraces were chosen to be 2.13nm and 4.26 nm. In addition, simulations were carried out for a reference solid that consisted of infinite flat basal planes. The results of the simulations for the stepped surfaces were broken down into two regions: (i) narrow strips at the bottoms of the steps that are characterized by strong holding potentials which cause the atoms in these regions to form approximately one-dimensional systems; and (ii) the remainder of the surfaces, which essentially is the terraces bounded on one side by the lines of atoms adsorbed at the bottoms of the steps and on the other by the much weaker holding potentials that are f...


Work is described which shows that, by treating wool with certain amides, polyhydric alcohols or carboxylic acids, the affinity of the fibre for disperse dyes can be greatly enhanced. The most suitable compounds, with regard to effectiveness, price and commercial availability, are thiodiglycol and glycerol. Particular reference is made to the sublimation transfer-printing technique; the fibre is pretreated by pad-dry application of the compounds, and prints of excellent yield and clarity are obtained using standard disperse dye transfer papers. Yellowing and fibre damage during transfer printing are minimized by the inclusion of sulphamic acid in the pad-liquor. Wet-fastness properties of the prints are poor, but may be improved to a certain extent by the use of selected disperse dyes.


Analysis of radiation hybrid panel indicated that porcine Tool-like Receptor 4 (TLR4 ) gene was closely linked to the marker SW1957 (15 cR, LOD score 15.16) which was located on porcine chromosome 1 q2.9→q2.13. Using RT-PCR analysis, porcine TLR4 transcripts were detected in testicle, grey matter, skeletal muscle, white matter, kidney, heart, small intestine, thymus, lymph node, spleen, lung and liver, and the hightest level expression in lung. The TLR4 mRNA expression in lung may affect porcine pulmonary disease.


Automatic methods used in conventional seismic data processing to make statics corrections work well with short-wavelength anomalies but regularly fail to resolve mid-wavelength near-surface anomalies. Calculation of correct static time delays caused by near-surface heterogeneities is especially difficult when the heterogeneities extend from half of a spread length to 2–3 times the source-receiver offset.


Electronic commerce (EC) includes electronic data interchange (EDI) and the In-ternet and is used in various applications to seek improvements in effectiveness and efficiency. Supply chain management (SCM) is an application of EC, and therefore, the impact of EC can be seen throughout the supply chain (SC). This study explores the effectiveness of replenishment using the Internet (i.e., website retailing) when comparing different replenishment options, by analyzing the distributor-retail outlet and retail outlet-customer links in the SC. Moreover, this research studies customer buying habits as well as inventory management strategies when products are purchased via a website. Five hundred and fifteen products are analyzed over time (monthly) in order to identify replenishment issues when conducting business (e-business) from a website (e-tailing).


The progressive increase of water needs due to the expansion of urbanization and industrialization in different regions in the northeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina has resulted in intensive development of the groundwater resource. The main objective here is the study of two sectors of different hydrogeological features that have been contaminated by lead from industrial activities. We employ a method of characteristics combined with a mixed finite element procedure to simulate the plume evolution in time. The outcome of this investigation is the application of an efficient tool for handling water resources and evaluating the environmental impact from the transport of contaminants in groundwater.


Supramolecular polymers having alternating α- and β-cyclodextrin (CD) units have been prepared by using conformational change induced by competitive guests. Although each CD unit does not form intermolecular complexes, a mixture of an α-CD derivative and a β-CD derivative formed intermolecular complexes to give supramolecular polymers having alternating CD units. This is the first example of construction of supramolecular polymers with alternating α-, β-cyclodextrin units.


: Background: In spite of the highlighting on patient safety in health care, few organizations have evaluated the extent to which safety is a strategic precedence or their culture supports patient safety. In response to the Institute of Medicine's report and to an organizational commitment to patient safety, we conducted a efficient assessment of safety. Objective: To assess the level of awareness' towards occupational injury among medical staff at the King Abdul-Aziz University- Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. A 32 items self-administered questionnaire was provided to 200 medical staff in the research setting based on their area of their medical specialties to assess the level of awareness' towards occupational injury among medical staff at the King Abdul-Aziz University- Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Results: The findings showed that awareness towards Occupational Injury among some medical staff working at the KAUH was variable. The majority (82.0%) of the medical staff had a high level of awareness towards Occupational Injury in relation to for decontamination of devices (with only contact with skin) washing with usual detergent is enough" .On the other hand (69.5%) of the medical staff had a lowest level of awareness towards Occupational Injury in relation to Blood spills should be cleaned up promptly with sodium hypochlorite". Conclusions: The current study results revealed that there were high levels of awareness among the medical staff towards occupational injury within the study setting.


We have developed a transgenic approach, termed immunotoxin-mediated cell targeting (IMCT), to ablate conditionally selective neurons in the brain with the cytotoxic activity of immunotoxins. Transgenic mice were created that express the human interleukin 2 receptor ca subunit (IL-2Ra) under the control of the dopamine j3-hydroxylase (DBH) gene promoter. The animals were treated intracerebroventricularly with a recombinant immunotoxin, anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40, which selectively kills animal cells bearing human IL-2Ra. The immunotoxin caused a characteristic behavioral abnormality only in the transgenic mice. This was accompanied by a dramatic loss of DBH-containing neurons and a significant decrease in DBH activity and norepinephrine levels in various regions of the brain. IMCT should provide a general technique to create animal models ofhuman neurodegenerative disorders by targeting neurons or other cell types. An understanding of the functions of the brain, which depend on neuron-neuron interactions, has progressed with the development of methods that permit the selective elimination of neuronal types with particular identities. When ablation of a subpopulation of neurons leads to physiological and behavioral changes, it is possible to determine the role of a specific type of neuron in brain function. For example, several neurotoxic compounds, such as 6-hydroxydopamine (1) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2,3), have been used to deplete selective neurons based on their pharmacological specificities. Also, electrolytic lesioning of small areas containing specified nuclei or axonal bundles has been used to localize functions to a specific system. Genetic ablation of selective cell types in transgenic animals has provided a powerful tool for studying cell-lineage relationships in mammalian development (4). General methods are based on expression of a toxic gene product during development under the control of a tissue-specific enhancer/ promoter (5, 6). An alternative approach is conditional obliteration of target cells with herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (7-9). This ablation is induced by nucleoside analogs that are converted to toxic compounds by herpes thymidine kinase expressed in transgenic mice. However, this technique cannot be used to eliminate postmitotic cells including neurons, because the toxic compounds induce cell death by inhibiting DNA replication. Immunotoxins are conjugates of monoclonal antibodies with toxins that kill animal cells bearing appropriate antigens (10). In recombinant immunotoxins, the Fv fragment of the antibody is directly fused to the toxin. These molecules are being evaluated as potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic infectious disorders (11). If immunotoxins could kill specific cell types engineered to express target molecules in transgenic mice, they would provide a general technique for conditionally ablating both mitotic and postmitotic cells. Here we describe a cell ablation system, termed immunotoxin-mediated cell targeting (IMCT), to degenerate conditionally specific neuronal types in the central nervous system of transgenic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasmid Construct and Production ofTransgenic Mice. The plasmid pDIL was constructed by replacing the cDNA part of pDPN (12) with a cDNA fragment encoding human interleukin 2 receptor a subunit (IL-2Ra) (13). The construct was microinjected into fertilized (C57BL/6J x DBA/2J)F2 mouse eggs, which were implanted into pseudopregnant female mice. Integration of the transgene was identified by Southern blot analysis of tail DNA. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Injection. Anti-Tac(Fv)PE40 was purified from Escherichia coli strain BL21(ADE3) as described (14, 15) and diluted to a final concentration of 40 ,ug/ml with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Male mice (16-20 weeks old) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal; 50 mg/kg i.p.) and surgically implanted with a 22-gauge guide cannula into the lateral ventricle 5-7 days before treatment. Administration was carried out through an injection probe placed inside the cannula at a constant velocity of 0.5 ,ul-min-' with a microinfusion pump. Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR Analysis. Total RNA was prepared from individual tissues of mice and subjected to RT-PCR analysis (12). For detection of transgene RNA expression, primer A (5'-ATGGATTCATACCTGCTGAT-3'; nucleotides 175-194) and primer B (5'-GTTCCCGGCTTCTTACCAAG-3'; nucleotides 1016-1035) were used (13). Behavioral Analysis. Animal behavior was monitored by the open-field method (16). Mice treated i.c.v. were individually placed in an open-field apparatus; the floor of the field was divided into 49 equal grids (one grid: 10 x 10 cm). The amount of movement was evaluated by measuring the movement score defined as the number of times the mouse crossed a grid line marked on the floor during a 30-min period. During the same period, the number of falls was also scored. The ratio of the number of falls to the movement score, which was designated as the fall index, was calculated to evaluate the severity of ataxia. Abbreviations: DBH, dopamine ,B-hydroxylase; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; IL-2Ra, interleukin 2 receptor a subunit; IMCT, immunotoxinmediated cell targeting; i.c.v., intracerebroventricular; RT, reverse transcription. 'To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 1132 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad Sc. USA 92 (1995) 1133


There mere tested red leaves of Vtis vinifera (sorts Caberne, Saperavi, Krasnostop, and Pigeon) on the moister content, extractives and the total phenols (sort Caberne) mere studied on macroand microcomposition. The moister content, extractives and total phenolic compounds in the samples studied mere on an average 7.8, 34.4, and 2,3 per cent correspondingly. There mere found contends of 22 macro and microelements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ti, Va, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Pb, Ti, Zr) in the sort Caberne.


Liang Shu and Chen Shu are two books compiled by Yao Cha and Yao Silian. They have not only played an important role in China's history study,but also had a characteristic of literariness. Although their literariness can not surpass Si Shi,it can not be doubted that some of its chapters should be listed in the "biographical literature series". Literariness of the two books is mainly reflected in the following aspects:Yao and his son write unadorned words to describe truth. It is a writing style of being brief,strict and clean,especially in the writing of describing characters.


"Millions of men and women in the world are living in a miserable abyss. They can hear sounds that others don't, see images that others cannot, and their minds are filled with eccentric ideas. Even as they smile, misery is gnawing at the heart; they may sit quietly, but it feels like hundreds of horses are stampeding inside their brains. They are overwhelmed by worry and fear. In this way, the serious person becomes silly, the energetic goes dull, the cheerful turns gloomy and the honest may cheat you.In other words, they have been plunged into uncontrollable fantasies that take them far away from reality. They are the mentally ill, and they are deeply unfortunate." Professor Xia Zhenyi, a well-known Chinese psychiatrist, offered this sympathetic view of his patients. He reminds us: "Mental patients are human beings too."


With the characteristic of high digital record and by overcoming a series of problems in the process of engineering drilling,such as discontinuity in drilled cores,missing information of fracture geometric elements and so on,the technology of intelligent borehole optical imager is widely used in engineering investigations all over the world.However,at present the technology is mostly used for vertical boreholes,less for inclined ones.Combined with the results of the inclined boreholes applied with the technology of intelligent borehole optical imager,which come from the project on gas storage in underground caverns with groundwater in a certain region,this paper introduces the interpretation approach of the fractures derived from the results of inclined boreholes recorded by means of intelligent borehole optical imager.The approach can convert the apparent occurrence of discontinuities to the real occurrence with the method of spatial coordinate transformation.A statistical analysis on the geometric elements of the fractures in deep crystalline rock mass under the condition of the development of fractures in the vicinity of the storage caverns and water curtain system is made.The characteristics in the occurrence and in the vertical direction of the development in fractures are examined.The results indicate that fractures originated from the tectonic movement develop in a superior position with a strike of NE20°~40° and NW20°~40°,the trend in the quantity of the fractures is that decreases at first,then increases gradually and at last stays at a stable state.The resluts can provide reliable data for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of caverns and the effect of the water curtain system that prevents gas leakage.


The aim of the paper is to give an overview over basic models of Post-Keynesian growth theory. Two major families of growth models are discussed, one developed by Joan Robinson, the other by Michal Kalecki. Both share an independent investment function that depends on income distribution and a savings function that depends on income distribution. The core difference that the Robinsonian model assumes full capacity utilization in the long run, while the Kaleckian model has capacity utilization as an endogenous variable. The characteristics of these models and in particular the effects of changes in the savings propensity and the relation between distribution and growth are highlighted and contrasted. A short run Keynes-Kalecki model is as a benchmark case. (author's abstract)


Lack of physical activity and unhealthy lifestyles is no stranger to the current millennial generation. so many of them are gaining weight until they are obese. One of the characteristics of obesity is an increase in body fat percentage. Physical activity is a good way to reduce body fat percentage. The aim of the study was to examine physical activity trends in the millennial generation to decrease body fat. It used a pre-posttest two treatment design, with 22 samples of obese women, and divided into aerobic dance group and Zumba group. It was conducted 3 times in a week along 12 weeks, with intensity of 65% 85% based on maximum heart rate. The result of this study showed that aerobic dance and Zumba had an effect on body fat percentage.


Many attempts have been made to study factors influencing the performance of supply chains. These studies are generally quantitative and involve rigorous statistical analyses. This paper describes an application of a system approach known as the thinking process (TP) of the theory of constraints (TOC) not only to identify critical success factors in supply chain management, but also to understand causal relationships between these factors. The study was conducted in a group-based model building environment with a group of students who specialised either in logistics management or e-commerce. The results suggest that understanding the dynamic nature of supply chain through cause and effect relationships is critical to the formulation of supply chain growth strategies.


Several key flexure sites exist in the muscle crossbridge including the actomyosin binding site which play important roles in the actomyosin crossbridge cycle. To distinguish between these sources of flexibility, a new single molecule assay was developed to observe the swiveling of rod about a single myosin. Myosins attached through a single crossbridge displayed mostly similar torsional characteristics compared to myosins attached through two crossbridges, which indicates that most of the torsional flexibility resides in the myosin subfragment-2, and thus the hinge between subfragment-2 and light meromyosin should contribute the most to this flexibility. The comparison of torsional characteristics in the absence and presence of ADP demonstrated a small but significant increase in twist rates for the double-headed myosins but no increase for single-headed myosins, which indicates that the ADP-induced increase in flexibility arises due to changes in the myosin head and verifies that most flexibility resides in myosin subfragment-2.


Objective To establish a new method for rapid detection of common enteropathogens based on Multi-analyte Suspension Arrays(MASA).Method Seven species of enteropathogens were detected by unsymmetrical PCR.A pair of general primers based on highly conserved of 16S rDNA gene was designed for the above PCR.The amplified products of the 7 species of enteropathogens were detected by MASA,and 48 fecal samples were detected by MASA.Result The unsymmetrical PCR of the 7 species of enteropathogens produced a great quantity of single-strand nucleotides.The specificity of the seven enteropathogens′ probe were 100%.In the 48 fecal samples,the coincidence rate of MASA identification for 5 enteropathogens and cultures were 100%,and the detection rate of Shigella was 100% by MARA.Conclusion 16S rDNA gene may be used as the target sequence of rapid identification for bacteria.The unsymmetrical PCR products can significantly enhance the hybridization sensibility.MARA is a simple,rapid,high-throughput and high-performance method for identification of bacteria except Shigella and Escherichia.


A pattern recognition based fuzzy tuning of PID controller is presented. The optimal tuning rule for PID parameter consists of expert experience and the tuning knowledge. And the tuning knowledge is derived from experience in typical process. The simulation shows that the Fuzzy PID auto tuning method is of practical use.


Abstract The aim of research was to analyze and describe the learning process related to the Competence Standard for Art and Music Appreciation in class VII of SMP Negeri 18 Padang. This research was conducted based on the fact that the student' achievement in learning was still low. It was more than 50% of the students had score which was under the minimum standard score (75). The result of the research revealed that the causes of the students' low achievement in learning were the unwell-prepared lesson plan and the learning materials which did not meet the learning goals. Kata Kunci:  Perencanaan Pembelajaran, Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, Materi Pembelajaran, Hasil Belajar.


Study objective: development of the new method of reconstruction of upper section of the aerodigestive tract with the use of a microsurgical colonic-ileal autogenic graft that allows instant recovery of the food passage and voice function. A clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with locally distributed hypopharynx cancer is provided, regarding which microsurgical reconstruction of upper sections of the aerodigestive tract was performed with a free colonic-ileal autogenic graft at the surgical stage of therapy after laryngectomy with sleeve resection of the hypopharynx. The use of a colonic-ileal autogenic graft in the course of reconstruction of upper sections of the aerodigestive tract allowed instant recovery of both food passage and voice function for the patient after laryngectomy with sleeve resection of the hypopharynx. Conclusions: 1. Application of this autogenic graft as a plastic material allows recovering both food passage and voice function instantly and completely with circular defects of upper sections of the aerodigestive tract. 2. The ileocecal valve included into the structure of the combined autogenic graft prevents saliva and food aspiration into the trachea through the tracheo-oesophageal shunt. 3. Mucous secretion of the autogenic graft has no aggressive action on the mucous membrane of the trachea, which allows implementation of the vocal rehabilitation plan. 4. After the flap formation, there is no functional or aesthetic damage in the donor area. 5. This reconstruction method cuts down the rehabilitation time significantly as well as decreases the patient's disability level.


Future development of impiantabie cardioverter defibrillators will rely on increased knowledge of the basic mechanisms of defibriiiation. Over the last few years, we have performed several studies using cardiac mapping to learn how defibriiiation shocks stop fibrillation. The first part of this paper will discuss our findings concerning the ovRrall mechanism of defibriiiation. The second part will examine some reasons for the increased efficacy of the biphasic waveform.


In this study, the applicability of eco-friendly floor finishing mortar for heating was investigated when high amount of byproducts was used as a binder without cement. Fly ash, was produced in combined heat power plant and had much amount of free CaO, was mainly used by 35~5%, and ground granulated blast-furnace slag and paper sludge ash were added. As a result of the study, the fludity of mortar decreased when water-mortar ratio was low and addition of paper sludge ash was high. The setting time of mortar was delayed when water-mortar ratio was high and, especially, it's final setting time was delayed three times more than that of plain mortar. Length of mortar specimen was expanded up to 180~290 μ at age of 1 day and it was shown that this mortar had an advantage of the reduction of crack. Also, hydration properties of this mortar was similar to that of ordinary portland cementㆍhydration products such as monosulphate, Ca(OH)₂, and ettringite etc. were formed at early ages and much CSH(Ⅰ,Ⅱ.Ⅲ) was formed at age of 28 days.


The budget process plays a crucial role in the implementation of all the functions within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), such as business, management, operation, manufacturing, etc. The results from this study, identifies that in the budget process the top-down approach of SMEs occupies 33.7%, and the bottom-up approach occupies 26.3%. Meanwhile, SMEs' method for budget process is the "across approach" (participative), which resulted in 40%, this method is the most popular in comparison with others. Therefore, in the development of the budget process, it is vital to link all the sector functions within the SMEs, as this will facilitate the achievement of the nominated goals and objectives and provide higher-levels of performance. When management and employees work together to develop an effective budget, it improves the key outcomes and overall performance of SMEs. Furthermore, a unified participation approach to budget preparation process development ensures full cooperation and commitment for avoiding asymmetric information and achieving an effective budget process. This study offers academics and practitioners with essential insights for managing company performance, assisting SMEs in evolving as sustainable and competitive players in this new era.


Abstract Studies of reversible figures have shown consistently that the reversal rate tends to increase with observation time. This phenomenon was examined using a 3-dimensional rotating cube, and measuring the duration of each change separately. It was found that the mean duration of the veridical aspect decreased curvilinearly, while the illusory reversal time remained constant. An explanatory model was developed in terms of "conditioned satiation". Some of the implications of the model have been tested experimentally and the results are reported.


nature of the disorder called by Dore{*) " chronic mild localized type of acrodermatitis perstans " and by Barber(^, )̂ " pustular psoriasis of the extremities " is by no means settled. The problem is still in the phase in which it may prove of value to report each case that offers opportunities for fairly thorough investigation. The following case has been observed over a considerable period, and we were fortunate in obtaining particularly clear histological pictures. The patient (D. M—), a woman, aged 29 years, was shown by myself and Dr. W. Freudenthal at the meeting of the Britisli Association of Dermatology and Syphilology in July, 1936.


Ultrastructural cytochemistry of plasma‐virus pellets from mice injected with Rauscher or Moloney virus showed a phosphatase activity specific for adenosine triphosphate and diphosphate, and for inosine triphosphate and diphosphate.


Detailed analyses of thermal residual stress profiles due to laser micro-joining of several dissimilar material combinations, titanium (Ti) and polyimide (PI) [1], titanium coated glass (Gl) and polyimide [2], and glass and silicon (Si), are vital for the long-term applications of bio-implants and opto-electronics. In these studies, comprehensive three dimensional (3D) transient simulations for thermal and thermal stress analyses of transmission laser micro-joining of dissimilar materials have been performed by using the finite element (FE) code ABAQUS, along with moving Gaussian or super Gaussian laser heat source. The laser beam moving at a certain velocity, passes through the transparent material (e.g. PI or Gl), gets absorbed by the absorbing material (e.g. Ti or Si), and eventually softens/melts the interfacial materials to form the bond. Computational results have been compared with experiments in terms of temperatures and bond widths, and good comparisons have been observed in all combinations. Then the computational model has been used to optimize the process parameters and after this residual stress profiles of the laser-micro-joints have been calculated using the temperature profiles obtained from the thermal analyses as the systems cool down to room temperature. According to the various stress profiles, none of the stresses cross the tensile or the compressive strengths in cases of all the dissimilar material combinations at room temperature. A critical discussion has been included comparing the thermal residual stresses generated in the three combinations of dissimilar materials being used in these studies. A conclusion has been made on the formation processes of these stresses in laser micro-joining processes of dissimilar materials. This report will help to estimate the expected residual stresses in the laser micro-joining processes of dissimilar materials and will shed insight on how to select a better dissimilar material combination for a laser precision joining process.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Solution processed electroluminescent displays made with quantum dot emitter is the next‐generation display technology because of high efficiency, wide‐color gamut, low turn‐on voltage, thin form factor, and low manufacturing cost. We have shown highly efficient quantum dot light emitting diode (QLEDs) using colloidal quantum dot as an emitter and zinc oxide nanocrystal as an electron transport layer. Here, we will present red and green QLEDs with external quantum efficiency (EQE) ≥ 20% and blue QLEDs with EQE > 15%. We will also show the performance improvements of QLEDs using short‐time annealing process and using doped zinc oxide nanocrystal.


Our project involves building a platform able to retrieve, map and analyze the occurrences of place names in fictional novels published between 1800 and 1914 and whose action occurs wholly or partly in Paris. We describe a proof of concept using queries made via the TXM textual analysis platform for the extraction of street names. Then, we propose a fully automatic process using the named entity recognition (NER) components of the PERDIDO platform. This paper describes some encouraging initial results obtained by combining NLP approaches (NER methods) with textometric tools for the automated geoparsing of street names.


Nano-structures of Pb(II) 2-D coordination polymers, [Pb2(µ-2-bpdbe)2(NO3)4] n (1) {2-bpdbe = 1,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5-diaza-1,5-hexadiene}, were synthesized by the sonochemical method. The structure of 1 may be considered a coordination polymer of lead(II) formed by bridging 2-bpdbe ligands, making a 2-D array of Pb(NO3)2 and 2-bpdbe. The thermal stability of the material was studied by thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analyses. The new nano-structure coordination polymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The sizes of the nano-structures were approximately 50 nm. Nano-particles were obtained by thermolysis of 1 in oleic acid as a surfactant at 180°C and 200°C under air atmosphere and the size of the PbO particles were about 60 nm.


The common occurrence of density heterogeneity among plaque-forming particles in stocks of Pseudomonas putida phages is apparent from recent reports by J. A. Boezi et al. (phage gh-1 grown on strain A3.12; Bacteriol. Proc., p. 113, 1966), A. M. Chakrabarty (phage a-1 grown on strain ClB; personal communication), and our own observations on clonally derived stocks of phage Pf, grown in strain ClS (A. U. Bertland et al., Bacteriol. Proc., p. 139, 1964). It has not been clear whether this phenomenon represents physical differences among individual phage particles (E. Kellenberger et al., J. Mol. Biol. 3:399, 1961)


Mathematics is a universal language and can be used for studying the phenomena of different nature at different stages of learning. These contribute to the manifestation of all positive moments of learning, and also provides continuity of education. In the framework of unified methods of solving problems in secondary and higher school, with an appropriate choice of the mathematical apparatus are demonstrated steps of solving problems for the vector quantity and corresponding to them elements of knowledge and skills. In this case two approaches are highlighted: 1. constructing a vector diagram, followed by its solution; 2. projection of vector equations on the coordinate axes, followed by its solution.


In order to make clear the rights and duties relationship between the state and corporation in training and employing talents, we suggest setting up a value\|sharing mechanism in employing talents paying the education fee by the state and corporation.It will result in eliminating the waste and reducing the inefficiency of employing the talent and getting a new resource of educational fund.This paper suggests imposing a tax on employing the talent to replace the extra change of education and deliberates systematically the theoretical foundation,social effect and the influence on the tax system of the tax on employing the talent.


Aiming at the problem in the inductorium control position of medium-frequency bending pipe unit,we designed a set of positioned servo inductorium control system,by which you can adjust inductorium position to ensure the uniform temperature of the heated area during bending pipe.This article describes the structure and working principle of the servo-positioned control system,and offers some precaution measures to ordinary conk out.


The structure of the head and especially of the mouth-parts of these economically very important flies has been studied by many observers. The first very brief remarks on the proboscis were made by Wiedemann (1830), in his original description of the genus Glossina. He pointed out that the proboscis is almost as long as the thorax, and setiform and triangular in its basal part, the palps almost as long as the proboscis and horizontal. In the same year, Robineau-Desvoidy (1830) described another species of tsetse-fly, Glossina palpalis, but under the generic name Nemorphina, which became a synonym of Glossina. In his diagnosis of the genus, he gave an even shorter description of the proboscis which he believed was not adapted for sucking blood.


The laws and policies governing Korea's game regulations are becoming more and more topics for debate as we enter the Age of Internet. The nature...


Various contingency models have been developed to explain the strategy-structure fit for multinational corporations (MNCs). However, these models are fragmented, in that they address different strategic conditions and have been applied to different groups of MNC structures. Along with a critical review of the previous models, this paper develops a new three-dimensional model, which integrates contingencies from the traditional Stopford and Wells Model and the well-established GI (global integration)-LR (local responsiveness) framework. The new model considers a wider range of strategic conditions and aims to specify the strategy-structure fits for a broad array of MNC structures. The explanatory value of the new model is tentatively tested against data from a study of German MNCs.


Although many scaling laws are available for the assessment of prototype performance from tests on small-scale models, the discrepancies between them are wide and varied.This paper considers the effect of individual components and shows that it is unlikely that any single law can be applied to pumps as well as turbines, to pumps of different specific speeds, or to pumps of the same specific speed but designed to differing philosophies.It is proposed that more information pertaining to scaling laws can be acquired if pumps running at different speeds and in different fluids are studied.


A recent investigation on the bryophyte fl ora of the Alcsik Basin resulted in recording 70 bryophyte taxa (5 liverworts and 65 mosses). Although declining in some aspects, the area still
preserves very valuable bryophyte vegetation rich in elements characteristic for fens and mires.
Hamatocaulis vernicosus is the most valuable species recorded, a bryophyte included in the Bern Convention, in the European Union Habitats and Species Directive, and in the Red data book of European bryophytes. Several other rarities in SE Europe occur in the investigated area, including Breidleria pratensis, Dicranum bonjeanii, Drepanocladus polygamus, Philonotis marchica, P. caespitosa, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Polytrichum strictum, Scorpidium cossonii, Sphagnum spp., and Tomentypnum nitens. Some of these, such as Plagiomnium ellipticum or Tomentypnum nitens, are very abundant and represent the largest populations recently recorded in SE Europe.


This paper presents a novel gesture recognition scheme that utilizes RFID system to enable gesture recognition. The gesture feature of a certain object is captured by its shadow area in an arrayed RFID tags. We use the variance of counts of a tag being successfully read to represent the state of an obstructed link. The relative collection of tags determines the shape of an obstruction. We define a link state indicator (LSI) to indicate the signal changes caused by certain obstruction. In the proposed scheme, a gesture matrix is then introduced to represent gestures of a human being intuitively and fisher's linear discriminant method is used to recognize gestures. The scheme achieves the goal of gesture recognition without requiring any additional instruments of a human body. We build an experimental system and evaluate the scheme through a group of experiments, the result shows that the scheme can identify and classify a set of twelve defined gestures with an average accuracy of 94%.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a picture processing method and device and a terminal device. The processing method comprises the steps: identifying the face in a current picture, obtaining current facial information, obtaining contact person information corresponding to the current facial information, and sending the current picture to a corresponding contact person according to the contact person information. According to the picture processing method and device and the terminal device, the face contained in the current picture can be automatically identified, the contact person information corresponding to the current facial information is obtained, the current picture is sent to the corresponding contact person automatically instead of manually, operation is easy, convenient, flexible and intelligentized, and efficiency is improved.


A 17GHz APD-TIA followed by an optimized analog 6-taps FIR filter is demonstrated for up to -27dBm sensitivities at 25G and 50Gbit/s, for downstream (continuous) and upstream wavelength options (burst mode), for 0 and 20km of fiber, with the help of an SOA preamplifier.


Every design project is the history of a transformation occurring as an answer to a certain need or opportunity. The action of narrating is therefore implicitly (and in some cases also explicitly) present in every design process. The understanding and study of the constituent elements of narration can therefore represent an instrument of conscious appropriation of techniques and methods often enacted in a spontaneous, unconscious, habitual way. Unlike design, a young discipline whose methodological apparatuses still need to be constructed and perfected, narration has a long history. It has seen a rich and articulated decoding process, which has enriched itself from time to time by having crossed the most various fields - from visual art to music, from literature to multimedia. The aim of the present paper is to underline the potential of narrative languages, formal structures and content schemata in the design field, by putting in contact the perspective of the writer-scriptwriter (who deals with narrative design) and the perspective of the designer (who deals with design as narration and with the narration of design). As exemplifi cation of such potentialities, the paper presents some projects wittingly generated and examined with a narratological approach and some methodological remarks derived from direct experiences. The reported experiences intentionally belong to two very distant worlds, the field of the Cultural Assets and the one of the Commercial brands, to emphasize the versatility and richness of the approach. Key words: design, narration, brand, cultural assets.


Abstract Heart disease and metabolic dysfunction are two of the most important age related health issues, and feeding behavior is a critical factor contributing to these conditions. miR-33 promotes the development of atherosclerosis, by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. Specific disruption of the interaction between miR-33 and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 protected mice from atherosclerosis in a manner similar to that observed with loss or inhibition of miR-33. However, miR-33 has also been shown to impact other cellular functions, including targeting numerous mRNAs related to bioenergetics and inflammatory response, that may also contribute to its effects on atherosclerosis. Moreover, characterization of miR-33 deficient animals has revealed a strong predisposition to the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. While this phenotype appears to be due to alterations in feeding behavior, it is not clear what organ or organs are primarily driving this effect or what functions of miR-33 may be responsible. To address these questions, we have generated conditional miR-33 knockout mice to selectively remove miR-33 from a number of key metabolic tissues. Using these unique mouse models, we have performed an extensive characterization of how miR-33 impacts the function of different metabolic tissues in both chow and high fat diet fed mice, and assessed what impact this has on regulation of metabolic homeostasis and atherosclerosis. This work will improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating feeding behavior and provide critical information for the development and evaluation of novel approaches to combat cardiometabolic diseases associated with aging.


Field experiment conducted from 1994 to 1996 on different weed management practices in soybean revealed that at early stages, weed control efficiency (WCE) was higher with alachlor 1.0 kg ha−1 followed by pendimethaUn 0.75 kg ha−1. At later stages, hand weeding twice registered the highest WCE due to effective control of weeds in all the seasons.


Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are crucial for almost all cellular processes, including metabolic cycles, DNA transcription and replication, and signaling cascades. Unfortunately, the experimental methods for identifying PPIs are both time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is important to develop computational approaches for predicting PPIs. In this paper, a sequence-based method was developed for identifying new protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by means of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) combined with a novel representation using auto covariance (AC). The AC descriptors account for the interactions between residues a certain distance apart in the protein sequence, thus this method adequately takes the neighboring effect into account and enables us to extract more PPI information from the protein sequences. ELM is a kind of accurate and fast-learning innovative classification method based on the random generation of the input-to-hidden-units weights followed by the resolution of the linear equations to obtain the hidden-tooutput weights. When performed on the PPI data of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the proposed method achieved 90.42% prediction accuracy with 90.12% sensitivity at the precision of 90.67%. Extensive experiments are performed to compare our method with state-of-the-art techniques Support Vector Machine (SVM). Achieved results show that the proposed approach is very promising for predicting PPI, and would make a helpful supplement to experimental approaches.


The progression of an economy is significantly dependent upon deployment as well as optimum utilization of resources and most importantly operational efficiency of the various sectors, of which banking sector plays a very vital role. Banking sector helps in stimulation of capital formation, innovation and monetization in addition to facilitation of monetary policy. It is imperative to carefully evaluate and analyse the performance of banks to ensure a healthy financial system and an efficient economy. The present study attempts to evaluate the performance of public sector banks in India using CAMEL approach for a five year period from 2009-13.


The performance of a hot‐wire thermal diffusion column is discussed. The role of spacers used for centering the hot wire has been investigated experimentally for a glass column of 9‐mm i.d. cold wall, and hot wall 20‐mil tungsten wire; the results suggest that the maximum separation is obtained when the spacers (20‐mil nickel wire) are installed every 70 cm along the hot wire. The separation falls when the spacers come either closer together or farther apart. An explanation of this optimum dependence of separation on spacer distance is advanced.


This paper studies the asymptotic bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the joint spatio-temporal (S-T) power adaptation which has recently been proposed for beamforming space-time-coded multiantenna systems in the presence of imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). We derive a closed-form asymptotic solution of the power adaptation, which is instrumental in characterizing the asymptotic BER performance. We show that with imperfect CSIT, the optimal S-T scheme gives exponential diversity gain in the low and medium SNR regions when the quality of CSIT is relatively good, but cannot increase the diversity order of the space-time-coded MIMO link at very high SNR. Compared to the previous design by treating imperfect CSIT as perfect to adjust the temporal power, the optimal S-T is more robust in retaining the exponential decrease in BER over a larger range of SNR. The results sharpen our understanding of the behavior of the optimal S-T strategy.


Dense, H2- and CO2-resistant, oxygen-permeable 40 wt % Ce0.9Pr0.1O2–δ–60 wt % NdxSr1−xFe0.9Cu0.1O3−δdual-phase membranes were prepared in a one-pot process. These Nd-containing dual-phase membranes have up to 60% lower material costs than many classically used dual-phase materials. The Ce0.9Pr0.1O2−δ–Nd0.5Sr0.5Fe0.9Cu0.1O3−δ sample demonstrates outstanding activity and a regenerative ability in the presence of different atmospheres, especially in a reducing atmosphere and pure CO2 atmosphere in comparison with all investigated samples. The oxygen permeation fluxes across a Ce0.9Pr0.1O2−δ–Nd0.5Sr0.5Fe0.9Cu0.1O3−δ membrane reached up to 1.02 mL min−1 cm−2 and 0.63 mL min−1 cm−2 under an air/He and air/CO2 gradient at T = 1223 K, respectively. In addition, a Ce0.9Pr0.1O2–δ–Nd0.5Sr0.5Fe0.9Cu0.1O3–δ membrane (0.65 mm thickness) shows excellent long-term self-healing stability for 125 h. The repeated membrane fabrication delivered oxygen permeation fluxes had a deviation of less than 5%. These results indicate that this highly renewable dual-phase membrane is a potential candidate for long lifetime, high temperature gas separation applications and coupled reaction–separation processes.


This paper gives an brief introduction to the trend of internal and foreign security market information disclosure systems,analyzes the causes of a strict audit on the mining projects,and discusses the missions and responsibilities of security administration during unsound reform.


How does the gas get in nuclear regions to fuel black holes? How efficient is the feedback? The different processes to cause rapid gas inflow (or outflow) in galaxy centers are reviewed. Non axisymmetries can be created or maintained by internal disk instabilities, or galaxy interactions. Simulations and observations tell us that the fueling is a chaotic and intermittent process, with different scenarios and time-scales, according to the various radial scales across a galaxy.


The changes of chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure were studied during the period of appearing zebra leaf character from the thermo sensitive chlorophyll deficient mutants of rice 1103S and Wujin4B.The results shown that content of chlorophyll decreased after appearing zebra leaf character.Ultrastructural changes occurred in the chloroplasts in the yellow part including grana lamellae and grana decreasing and significant accumulation of starch grains and osmiophilic globules.However,the chloroplast structure renewed and restructured normally after recovery of the yellow part of leaves into green.


A spatial compact difference scheme for a class of fourth-order temporal multi-term fractional wave equations is developed. The original problem is reduced to a lower order system and the corresponding time fractional derivatives are approximated by the L1-formula. The unconditional stability and convergence of the difference scheme are proved by the energy method. Numerical experiments support theoretical results. AMS subject classifications: 65M06, 65M12, 65M15


The invention relates to a corner accessory for placing at the junction between at least two ducts that extend in different directions, the accessory comprising two distinct flaps, one of which has a projecting element and the other of which includes an elongate opening, said projecting element being engaged in said elongate opening so as to move along a longitudinal direction of said opening to allow said flaps to move relative to each other. According to the invention, said elongate opening has a longitudinal edge parallel to said longitudinal direction and opening out locally to a slot that opens out into a free edge of said flap.


Functional impairment of virus‐specific T cells is a hallmark of HIV/SIV infection, but the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction are not well understood. To address this, we simultaneously analyzed the expression and intensity of CD8 and inhibitory PD‐1 on CTL in blood and lymphoid tissues in SIV‐infected rhesus macaques. The intensity (mean channel fluorescence) of CD8 expression was transiently down‐regulated in early SIV infection (10–14 dpi), despite an increase in CD8+ T cell proliferation. In chronic infection, CD8 expression was maintained at low levels on CD8+ T cells in all tissues. Interestingly, Gag‐specific CTLs were clearly divided into CD8high‐ and CD8low‐expressing populations in SIV‐infected macaques, and CD8low Gag‐specific cells increased with disease progression, especially in lymphoid tissues when compared with peripheral blood or in Gag‐vaccinated controls. Moreover, the CD8low CTL population secreted lower levels of cytokines upon SIV antigen stimulation and exhibited lower proliferative capacity during infection compared with the CD8high CTL population. Meanwhile, intensity of PD‐1 expression on Gag‐specific CTL in chronic infection was significantly higher than in acute SIV infection, although the frequencies of PD‐1+ Gag‐specific cells were similar in acute and chronic stages. In summary, down‐regulation of CD8 expression and higher expression of PD‐1 on SIV‐specific CTLs could coordinately attenuate SIV‐specific CTL responses and their ability to recognize virus‐infected target cells, especially in lymphoid tissues, resulting in failure to contain viremia, and continued persistence and replication of HIV in lymphoid tissue reservoirs.


The use of bonded composite patches in the repair of fatigue-damaged metallic aircraft structures has slowly gained broader acceptance in the past decade. Thick, highly-loaded structures have been successfully repaired with boronlepoxy on the F-111, B-1B, C-141B, and many other aircraft. Other materials, including lower modulus glass fiber/aluminum laminates, are also being implemented in fuselage (thin-skinned) structural repairs. The effects of typical bond line defects such as delaminations have been studied with the goal of quantifying the degradation in fatigue life of bonded repairs. Artificial delaminations in various locations were tested in bonded boron/epoxy and fiber metal laminate patches. Room temperature, constant amplitude fatigue experiments were performed on center-cracked 2024-T3 aluminum sheets repaired with adhesively bonded glass fiber/epoxy/ aluminum laminate and boron/epoxy patches. These specimens contained artificial delaminations covering 20 per cent of the total bonded area. Delamination size and growth were monitored ultrasonically, while crack growth was measured visually. Most repairs experienced accelerated crack growth in the presence of delaminations, and bond defects in the line of the pre-crack had the largest detrimental influence. The data provide a starting point for defining bonded repair inspection intervals when bond line defects are present.


Towards the end of April 1573, the Dominican friars of Saints Giovanni and Paolo basilica in Venice opened their refectory to the public. All Venice was invited to visit Paolo Veronese's canvas which replaced Titian's painting of the Last Supper destroyed by fire two years earlier.


The vague conceptualization of basic social phenomena seriously obstructs a clear understanding of many of the causes underlying national and international tensions. Significant contributions to the solution of these problems can hardly be expected as long as social scientists continue to operate with common-sense notions and the idols of the market place whose connotations are ever shifting with the changing intellectual fashions and political aspirations. Frequently these public concepts themselves are potent tools with which special interest and power groups may create and perpetuate conflict situations. Among the most fundamental, and at the same time potentially most dangerous, ideas are those of the nation, the people, and the ethnic group. In the following essay an attempt is made to formulate scientifically more adequate concepts within the frame of reference of sociological theory in the hope that social scientists in various fields might find them useful in their analysis of the highly complex social systems characteristic of modern times, and in the solution of certain practical problems affecting the national and international order.


We propose a modeling and recognition method of human behaviors in this paper in order to realize such intelligent systems that can adapt humans, i.e. the systems that support humans by considering human behaviors, In the proposed method, we assume that a human changes his behavior according to the change of the situation around him, and this concept is expressed by If-Then-Rules, which is called behavior rules. In behavior rules, the change of the situation around a person is described by multi-dimensional time series sensing data which is modeled with Hidden Markov Model(HMM). To recognize the change of human behaviors, the optimal If-Then-Rule is chosen based on the current human behavior and similarity to the time series data of the situation obtained by sensors. As an example of human behaviors, human driving behaviors are considered, and a recognition system of human driving behaviors is constructed. The usefulness of the proposed method is examined through some experimental results with the constructed system.


abstract A scheme recently proposed by the authors for constructing Earth models which fit a given finite set of gross Earth data is applied to the problem of constructing a P -velocity structure which, within experimental error, fits the observed travel times in the range Δ = 25°(5°)95°. Three such models are obtained, all of which fit the observed travel times with residuals less than 0.06 s , whereas 0.5 s is the estimated standard error of the observations. The models differ mainly in the outer 700 km of the mantle.


On the basis of literary data the analysis of the dental status of patients with insulin resistance and diabetes of the 2nd type is carried out. Insulin resistance is pathophysiological base of metabolic syndrome. The dental status of insulin resistant patients is studied insufficiently and is an actual and perspective direction in dentistry.


The history of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) in Oklahoma since 1890 includes about 16 major outbreak years. The climatological parameters, precipitation and temperature, are thoroughly reviewed. A summary of wind conditions which may effect northward distribution of the greenbug is also discussed.

Greenbug outbreaks in small grains in central Oklahoma have generally occurred following a year characterized by above-normal precipitation during the spring and summer; above-normal temperature during winter, spring, and fall; and below-normal temperature during summer. Outbreak years (Dec. 1–Nov. 30) have been characterized by normal precipitation during the winter, spring, and fall; above-normal precipitation during the summer; normal or above temperature during the winter, spring, and fall; and below-normal temperature during the summer.

The wind during a 10-year period was southerly 48.1% of the time at an average velocity of 15.2 mph. Hence on a normal day, a greenbug could theoretically be transported northward about 175 miles.


This article examines the rise of leftist ideology in Ecuador and Bolivia in light of their deepening economic relations with China from 2005 to 2014. First, it reveals that market trends account for trade fluctuations but fail to explain Chinese investment in, and some loan deals with, Ecuador as well as loans to Bolivia. Second, it demonstrates how these forms of funding provided alternatives to U.S.-led international institutions, enabling Rafael Correa and Evo Morales to steer away from Western influence. Third, it contends that four factors led to a cyclic reinforcement of Chinese economic interests and the rise of leftist ideology in Ecuador and Bolivia, namely: mutual complementarity between China's demand for energy/natural resource supply diversification and Pink Tide development agendas; U.S.–China geopolitical competition for influence in Latin America; China's experience in engaging with leftist governments from developing countries; and anti-Americanism shaping national identity in Ecuador and Bolivia.


We present the detection of 34 Lyα emission-line galaxy candidates in a 80 × 80 × 60 comoving Mpc region surrounding the known z = 2.38 galaxy cluster J2143-4423. The space density of Lyα emitters is comparable to that found by Steidel et al. when targeting a cluster at redshift 3.09, which is a factor of 5.8 ± 2.5 greater than that found by field samples at similar redshifts. The distribution of these galaxy candidates contains several 5-10 Mpc scale voids. We compare our observations with mock catalogs derived from the VIRGO consortium ΛCDM n-body simulations. Fewer than 1% of the mock catalogs contain voids as large as we observe. Our observations thus tentatively suggest that the galaxy distribution at redshift 2.38 contains larger voids than predicted by current models. Three of the candidate galaxies and one previously discovered galaxy have the large luminosities and extended morphologies of "Lyα blobs."


The preparation and properties of different proportion of D-mannose-fibroin membrane were studied in this paper. The change of crystal structure of silk fibroin (SF) in the process of becoming insoluble by adding D-mannose was studied. The blend silk fibroin films were casted by silk fibroin solutions mixing with D-mannose at a series of ratios at room temperature. The solubility, structure, and mechanical properties of the blend films were measured. The results show that with the content of D-mannose increasing, the solubility decreases. The blend films became insoluble when the mass ratios of D-mannose /SF are more than 1/10. The crystalline structure of SF is mostly changed into Silk I and there was almost no Silk II structure. Mechanical properties indicated that D-mannose could significantly improve the flexibility of silk films. With the good transmittance, D-mannose/SF blend membrane can be used in corneal tissue engineering.


The phytochemical, nutritive, cytotoxic and antibacterial analysis of Tabtaba ( Nostoc linckia ) species found in Lingas Baay Abra which is commonly eaten as an exotic dish was investigated using different laboratory assays. Phytochemical and nutritive analysis show the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, phytosterol, phenolics, flavonoids, crude fats and proteins. Cytotoxic and genotoxic analysis of crude extract concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/ml that were tested on root meristems of A. cepa . showed that root length and mitotic index decreased as the concentrations of Tabtaba extract increased. A concentration-dependent increase in chromosome aberrations was also observed. Ethanol extract concentrations of 75%, 50% and 25% that were tested against S.aureus and E.coli showed that Tabtaba ethanolic extracts have strong antibacterial activity towards S.aureus but weak against E.coli . This study proved that the Tabtaba ( Nostoc linckia ) species found in Lingas Baay Abra showed potential nutritive value but contains a significant cytotoxic and genotoxic component that is considered detrimental. Further assay also revealed that it has an anti-bacterial activity towards S. aureus and E.coli at different concentrations. Basing on the results, wider exploration and analysis of Tabtaba ( Nostoc linckia ) species coming from other river sources in Abra, Philippines should be tested and documented. Keywords-Phycochemical, Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, Allium cepa , mitotic index, chromosome aberrations, zone of inhibition, S. aureus, E.coli, Philippines


In an ever changing and robust industry - Google is an ever expanding leader with a Global Footprint. This paper will critically discuss and unpack the effect of its human resource practices, or people practices as Google calls it, and the policies that govern these practices. It is hoped to share some of these insights with human resources practitioners and students pursuing management studies, with the idea of invoking critical thought. The paper does not pretend to capture all of the subtle nuances of human resources development, but makes a case for the entrepreneurial spirit, for successful management practices.


: An eco-friendly Citrus paradisi peel extract mediated synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is reported under sonication. U.V.-vis, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and X-ray analyses are performed to characterize the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles. It is almost spherical in shape, having a size of 60–140 nm and the XRD peaks at 2θ = 25.363° confirm the characteristic facets for anatase form. The synthesized nano catalyst is highly active in the decomposition of methyl orange (64 mg/L) in sunlight (~73%) for 2.5 hours.


In this article we give the definition of C-partitions in an abelian group, consider the relation between C-partitions, supplementary difference sets and T-matrices, and for an abelian group of order v = q2 with q ≡ 3(mod8) a prime power obtain some constructions of C-partitions and T-matrices. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 7: 269–281, 1999


Abstract : Dense hydrogen plasmoids were investigated by probing them with beams of accelerated neutral and charged hydrogen particles. Investigations were made on the density of the plasmoid, its neutral component, its behavior in a magnetic field, and the radial distribution of plasma density in the plasmoid. (Author)


Numerical stability when integrating plane waves of cubic Schrödinger equation is thoroughly analysed for some explicit exponential methods. We center on the following secondorder methods: Strang splitting and Lawson method based on a one-parameter family of 2-stage 2nd-order explicit Runge-Kutta methods. Regions of stability are plotted and numerical results are shown which corroborate the theoretical results. Besides, a technique is suggested to avoid the possible numerical instabilities which do not correspond to continuous ones. Mathematics subject classification: 65M12,65M15, 65M99


As the body tends to hypertrophic scarring in children and adolescents, microstomia occurs especially in these age groups. A cosmetic deformation arises in the lip and perioral region due to the closure of the injured commissure region with skin tissue. Patients develop deficiencies in speech, chewing, oral hygiene and facial expression due to hypertrophic scar and contraction. Psychological disorders developing due to cosmeticallyunsatisfactory appearance have been reported as secondary complications.3


Debate on the origin and dispersal of Cocos nu- cifera has generally concluded that the palm has a South- east Asia-Melanesian origin. The means of dispersal to the margins of its pre-industrial range is in more dispute. The literature on this question is reviewed. A stochastic simula- tion model of the winds, currents and islands of the Pacific Ocean tests the hypothesis of trans-Pacific drift dispersal. The model suggests that the probability of coconuts drifting unaided to the west coast of Panama while remaining viable is extremely low. Dispersal to Panama by humans seems more likely.


The feasibility of enhancing the efficiency of hybrid
fuel-electric airplane is investigated. The airplane model
considered in this work is a hybrid version of Aerosonde propelled
by an integrated system of internal combustion engine (ICE) and
electric motor (EM). Modified versions of Breguet equation are
used to calculate the contribution of the ICE propulsion to the
range and endurance of the airplane. On the other hand, the
range and endurance components due to EM propulsion are
calculated using Payne range strategy based on battery capacity.
In order to find the most feasible propulsion configuration;
multiple configurations are compared; including conventional
all-fuel, full-electric, parallel-hybrid and fuel-first strategy (FFS),
which is based on parallel-hybrid design, where fuel is burned
during the early phases of the flight then the flight is completed in
the fully-electric mode. The preceding propulsion types are
investigated for all flight phases including takeoff, climb, cruise,
descent, and landing. Impact on airplane weight due to additional
equipment is considered. It is found that by adopting the FFS,
range can be extended by 7% and endurance by 6% above the
parallel-hybrid case. In terms of fuel consumption, implementing
FFS yields a fuel saving of 6% relative to parallel hybrid.


Coal mine waste rocks, mainly broken gangue, can be used as filling materials to backfill into goafs. Under the overburden load, the backfill body is vulnerable to compressive deformation and particle breakage. With the increase in mining depth, the overlying strata will impose different loads on waste rock filling materials at different loading velocities, which further affect the material compressive deformation and particle breakage. In this paper, an experimental scheme and a loading device are designed to study the influence of loading stress and velocity on the compressive deformation and particle size distributions of the backfill materials before and after compression. The results show that the axial strain of the gangue filling materials increases rapidly with the axial stress and then gradually stabilizes, showing a logarithmic functional relationship. Increasing the loading velocity will destroy the contact structures among the gangue particles and cause a larger deformation to the filling materials. When the loading stress is relatively low (5 MPa), the gangue particles with a size larger than 20 mm have a stronger bearing capacity compared with particles of 16–20 mm, which are the first particles to be crushed under these conditions. Further increasing the loading velocity will increase the breakage degree of the filling materials. The breakage ratio (BM) has a logarithmic functional relationship with the loading stress and the loading velocity. When the ground stress is lower than 5 MPa, the content of coarse particles should be increased to enhance the bearing capacity of the gangue materials; when the ground stress is higher than 10 MPa, the content of fine particles should be increased to reduce the porosity ratio and the particle breakage ratio.


Contamination of graphene due to residues from nanofabrication often introduces background doping and reduces electron mobility. For samples of high electronic quality, post-lithography cleaning treatments are therefore needed. We report that mechanical cleaning based on contact mode atomic force microscopy removes residues and significantly improves the electronic properties. A mechanically cleaned dual-gated bilayer graphene transistor with hexagonal boron nitride dielectrics exhibited a mobility of ∼36 000 cm2/Vs at low temperature.


A GaP solid immersion lens and a modified liquid immersion lens (MLIL) are studied. The phase change marks exhibit a diameter of approximately 200 nm when recorded by the MLIL.


Sinonasal malignancies vary in behavior according to histology and anatomical location. Incidence, survival, and optimal treatment for these lesions are thus uncertain in various cases. Our objective was to utilize a national population‐based registry to identify the most common sinonasal histopathologies by anatomical site, and subsequently analyze the data by incidence trends, survival rates, patient demographics, and treatment modalities.