This paper is concerned with full vehicle nonlinear active suspension systems, in which each suspension unit consists of three components: a nonlinear spring, a nonlinear damper and a nonlinear hydraulic actuator. An artificial intelligence Neural Control technique has been presented in this paper to design a robust controller for full vehicle nonlinear active suspension systems. The advantage of this controller is that it can handle the nonlinearities faster than other conventional controllers. Neural controller are devised to adjust the hydraulic actuators forces to minimize the vertical displacement at each suspension point when travelling on rough roads and to reduce the inclination of the vehicle during sudden manoeuvres such as sharp bending and braking. The robustness of the proposed controller is being assessed by comparing with Fractional Order PI i D d (FOPID) controller. To validate the robustness of the proposed approach, the cases with six types of disturbances will be investigated. The results show that intelligent neural controller have improved dynamic response measured by a decreased cost function.


W tHERE seniority is completely incorporated into a personnel system, it is regarded by both the employer and the employees as one of the most important working conditions in the collective agreement.2 Among union officials and also among those employees who are thoroughly union conscious there are many who consider the seniority principle scarcely, if at all, less important than the wages and hours clauses of the collective agreement. These opinions are of long standing. As much as 25 or 30 per cent of the space in railroad trainand engine-service collective agreements, or schedules as they are called, is occupied by statements involving various phases of the seniority rule. In other industries and in less complicated branches of the railroad service the percentage of space occupied by seniority stipulations is somewhat less. Within the past few years the importance of seniority has been further demonstrated by the increased attention it has received from unions. In the railroad industry, where seniority first received full recognition, the depression has necessitated many adjustments which, in turn, have affected the seniority arrangements. On the other hand, in industries where collective bargaining has not been the custom-and hence seniority has not been recognized-both A.F. of L. and C.I.O. labor factions of late have placed the seniority principle among the first concessions to be obtained from employers.4


Learning methods based on distances are widely used to deal with structured information, since several distance functions can be found for the most common sorts of data. In these algorithms the justification of the labelling of a new case is normally guided by a pattern expressing the similarity to a prototype. Other patterns based on the structure of the data (e.g. one saying "all the lists headed by the item i") could be more interesting but some requirements must be taken into account [2]. Among them, it is convenient to know how specific a pattern is. Here, we briefly present a general framework where the concept of specificity is expressed in terms of the distance and, hence, can be defined for every sort of data embedded in a metric space. In this line, it can be shown that Plotkin's lgg is a specific case of minimal generalisation.


For a long time, historiography Christians of Bilad al-Sham was religious or clerical which avoided or refused dialogue with the general history of the region. Today things have changed, and the story of Christians is placed in the context of local society and political history Ottoman in general. This revision of historiography is largely party liable for the use that was made of the retained documentation in the Ottoman archives, locally and Istanbul. One thinks of the census records fiscal sixteenth century or sultaniens orders. The author honors Abdul-Karim Rafeq, who in an article in 1973 attracted attention to the interests of the court records and revealed the presence of Jews and Christians in these registers. Despite criticism could be formulated against the use of the latter, it fautreconnaitre their exploitation has happened since then advanced the more significant for the knowledge of Syrian Christians in the Ottoman period. Keywords:Abdul-Karim Rafeq; Bilad al-Sham; Istanbul; Ottoman archives


The inductor-based and capacitor-free bipolar pulse converter can be applied to electric vehicle charging and realize an efficient and reliable charging-control strategy. Inductor-based converters can avoid the converter failure caused by the failure of energy storage capacitors and improve the reliability. An overvoltage protection scheme based on active clamping topology is used to protect this converter when the load impedance is too large. This overvoltage protection can take effect in an extremely short time (~50 ns) with little energy wasted. Furthermore, mathematical analyses of the proposed topology are presented and simulations based on LTspice are made, showing the feasibility and reliability of this circuit. Moreover, calculation of the power loss on MOSFETs is presented. A 201 W prototype converter with an efficiency of 83% is presented, and experimental results show that the converter can work reliably. This manuscript also proves the feasibility and application prospect of using this current-source-based converter for EV charging.


Theoretical estimation of activation cross sections for neutron induced reactions constitutes important nuclear data where experimental measurements are scarce. In this work the study of production cross section and yield of radio nuclides formed by neutron induced (n, p) and (n, α) reactions on 74Ge target upto 20 MeV projectile energy have been carried out. Nuclear reaction model codes ALICE-91, EMPIRE-3.1 and TALYS-1.2 have been used for the purpose. The codes account for the major nuclear reaction mechanisms, including direct, pre-equilibrium and compound nuclear ones. The excitation functions of these isotopes have been compared graphically with the evaluated nuclear data file (ENDF) and available experimental data.


We study Toeplitz operators on the Hardy spaces of connected compact abelian groups and of tube-type bounded symmetric domains. A representation theorem for these operators and for classes of abstract Toeplitz elements in C * -algebras is proved. This is used to give a unified treatment to index theory in this setting, and a variety of new index theorems are proved that generalize the Gohberg-Krein theorem for Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space of the unit circle in the plane.


Context. In order to improve our understanding of the kinetics of the cometary coma, theoretical studies of the major reactive collisions in these environments are needed. Deep in the collisional coma, inelastic collisions between thermal electrons and molecular ions result in recombination and vibrational excitation, the rates of these processes being particularly elevated due to the high charged particle densities in the inner region.
Aims. This work addresses the dissociative recombination, vibrational excitation, and vibrational de-excitation of electrons with CO+ molecular cations. The aim of this study is to understand the importance of these reactive collisions in producing carbon and oxygen atoms in cometary activity.
Methods. The cross-section calculations were based on multichannel quantum defect theory. The molecular data sets, used here to take into account the nuclear dynamics, were based on ab initio R-matrix approach.
Results. The cross-sections for the dissociative recombination, vibrational excitation, and vibrational de-excitation processes, for the six lowest vibrational levels of CO+ – relevant for the electronic temperatures observed in comets – are computed, as well as their corresponding Maxwell rate coefficients. Moreover, final state distributions for different dissociation pathways are presented.
Conclusions. Among all reactive collisions taking place between low-energy electrons and CO+, the dissociative recombination is the most important process at electronic temperatures characterizing the comets. We have shown that this process can be a major source of O(3P), O(1D), O(1S), C(3P) and C(1D) produced in the cometary coma at small cometocentric distances.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of brand experience on brand equity dimensions in the perspective of customers (including brand identification, physical quality, staff behavior quality, brand awareness, ideal self-congruence and life style-congruence) on brand satisfaction and loyalty in Iranian banking industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The author designed the conceptual model of the research based on the existing relationships between the research variables and the proposed hypotheses. By a questionnaire, the opinion of 288 customers and clients of selected branches of Melli and Tejarat banks were collected in two Provinces, including East and West Azerbaijan Provinces. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results of the paper showed that the brand experience directly affected all dimensions of brand equity. Also, the results indicated that except for lifestyle congruence, other dimensions of equity directly affected the customers' brand satisfaction.

Originality/value
This paper is significant, because it addresses the experience relationships and brand equity with the perspective of the customers of banks in an Islamic country, which affects the development of branding literature.


OBJECTIVE
The authors tested PCR--so called nested (N-PCR) for the detection of HPV in cervical lesions of uterus. This method is based on repeated amplification of specific viral DNA fragments. The sensitivity of N-PCR was compared to the sensitivity of the hybridization method. In the second part of the experiment positive samples underwent HPV typing by PCR.

BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of N-PCR for HPV detection was verified on 30 samples from cytologically/histologically suspected cervical lesions. In these cases, previous detection by hybridization method was unsuccessful. The second group consisted of 21 samples acquired by conisation, in which HPV presence was confirmed by hybridization method. Post surgery HPV detection using hybridization technique was negative in this group of patients.

RESULTS
By means of N-PCR the presence of HPV DNA was confirmed in all 30 samples from the first group (100%) and in 8 (38%) cases from the group of samples obtained after conisation. Type-specific PCR detection indicated HPV type 16 in 20 cases, HPV type 18 in 6 cases (from the first series). In the remaining 4 cases typing for HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33 was negative. In the second series all 8 samples were HR-HPV type 16.

CONCLUSION
At the present time, N-PCR is probably the most sensitive HPV detection method. The only real disadvantages of the given technique are relatively high costs of diagnostics equipment and the requirement of highly qualified personel.


Not only present the Internet portals information from diverse sources by a tool of the search engine, but also they offer other services such as e-mail, news, blogs, stock prices, electronic transaction, entertainment, e-learning etc. The web portals has become a central place for digital contents(DC) transactions. As a few portals such as Never, Daum, Yahoo! and Paran have grown and obtained economic power, unfair trade practices against content users and content providers(CP) have been increased, which lead a result of shrinking Korea`s digital content market. Accordingly, the Korean Fair Trade Commission guided the major portal enterprises to correct their unfair agreements against users and unfair business practices against content providers in July 2008. The Korean government issued the Digital Content User Protection Guideline under the Online Digital Contents Industry Promotion Act in July 2008. Also, it provided standard agreement for DC users and standard contract for CP and portals. However, just one form of standard agreement cannot cover diverse and different features of DC transactions so that the Internet portals and other DC distributors are reluctant to adopt them. This paper examine the problems of the current standard agreement and standard contract with respect to the Internet portals, and provides some suggestion for reforming the current regulatory approaches. Different standard agreements for at least six major digital content areas such as portal, music, games, movies, e-learning, mobile are necessary. It also conducts legal analysis on unfair business practices of the major web portals.


Determination of the gas temperature in the afterglow plasma jet of pre-cooled helium propagating inside a dense helium vapor at 1.4 K is a difficult task. In this work we analyze the possibility of using the emission spectra from oxygen atoms and nitrogen molecules for deducing the local temperature of the gas. Oxygen is always present as a trace impurity (∼1 ppm) in helium gas and strong emission of the atomic 777 nm triplet lines can be a good candidate because the energy gaps of 3.67 cm−1 (T ∼ 5.3 K) and 2.02 cm−1 (T ∼ 2.9 K) between the sub-levels of its upper state O(5P J ), with J = 1, 2 and 3, are comparable to the kinetic energy of atoms in a cryogenic environment. A detailed analysis of the kinetics of atoms in the O(5P J ) state indicates that at temperatures lower than 10 K, the population transfers between sub-levels are not efficient enough for the establishment of a Boltzmann equilibrium within the sublevels before the radiative decay of O(5P J ) atoms. We suggest the presence of small energy barriers in the He-O(5P J ) transient molecule formed during the collision. It was also shown that the temperature of a gas in non-equilibrium cryogenic helium plasmas containing at least 100 ppm of nitrogen can be determined from the rotational spectra of the 2–0 and 3–1 bands of the first positive system and the 8–3 band of the infrared afterglow system of molecular nitrogen. The application of PGOPHER software (1-T method) gives the rotational temperature of N2 molecules averaged over the observation area and is optimal for the gas temperature determination in locally homogeneous plasmas or mapping the temperature in inhomogeneous plasmas with high spatial resolution. A home-made code to simulate rotational spectra with two temperatures (2-T method) allows determination of the temperature span within the observation region of an inhomogeneous plasma.


Background Simulation is a well-established and effective tool for medical education¹. It provides sophisticated representations of real-world clinical scenarios, for immersive learning. At the technological frontier is virtual reality simulation (VRS), which involves an interactive, three-dimensional, computer-generated space. Whilst the medical community has begun to recognise the potential of VRS in surgical training², few have explored its role in educating medical students. Here we describe a high-fidelity VRS platform that has been introduced to medical students for the first time nationally at the University of Oxford. Summary of work We used a VRS platform that is commercially available from Oxford Medical Simulation (OMS). Participants wear a head mounted display immersing them in a virtual environment where the objectives are to manage an acutely unwell patient by making a series of clinical decisions about assessment, investigations and initial treatment. Validated scenarios were accessed from the OMS library of standardised medical emergencies. We implemented the VRS tool in two main ways. Induction sessions: Equipment was demonstrated to individual students to then encourage independent, self–directed learning. Combined teaching sessions: VRS was used in combination with lectures and case–based discussions in small groups. We evaluated the impact and utility of these simulation interventions from responses to post-session questionnaires. Summary of results Medical students across a range of clinical years were overwhelmingly positive about their educational experience with VRS, universally recommending the tool to peers. The majority of participants reported achieving their personal learning objectives for the sessions, and expressed interest in using the tool in their own time for further practice. Following the combined teaching sessions, self-reported confidence scores improved in relevant topics, such as the ABCDE approach, recognising specific emergencies and their management. Students also indicated that VRS was more helpful than other teaching modalities. Discussion and conclusions We have demonstrated that high-fidelity VRS is a viable and valued educational tool. Compared to traditional whole-body manikin simulators, the VRS system is logistically easier to arrange, but the interface is inherently prescriptive and provides more prompts to the user. Medical students agree that the VRS experience is realistic, encourages deliberate practice and offers detailed, personalised feedback. Therefore the implementation of this platform is consistent with several important principles for maximising the benefit of simulation-based medical education¹. Recommendations Virtual reality simulation is an exciting, innovative tool for educating medical students and adoption of this technology can complement existing teaching methods. References McGaghie WC, Issenberg SB, Petrusa ER, et. al. A critical review of simulation-based medical education research: 2003–2009. Med Educ. 2010; 44:50-63. Alaker M, Wynn GR, Arulampalam T. Virtual reality training in laparoscopic surgery: A systematic review & meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2016;29:85–94.


ABSTRACT Lichens are sensitive to atmospheric pollutants emitted from anthropogenic activities and are thus effective biomonitors. A variety of heavy metals, such as nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd), can be emitted by metal smelters. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to measure the spectral reflectance properties (350–2500 nm) of expected heavy metal complexes in lichens (oxalates and sulphides); and (2) to determine whether these complexes contribute features to reflectance spectra of lichens from the vicinity of a heavy metal smelter. Some metal oxalate spectra are characterized by crystal field transition absorption bands in the 500–1300 nm region, which are specific to the particular metal cation they contain and its oxidation state. The 1900–2500 nm region exhibits multiple absorption bands attributable to the oxalate molecule. The metal sulphide reflectance spectra are characterized by generally low reflectance and few if any strong or diagnostic spectral features; those that are found can be related to a specific cation and its oxidation state. These spectra were used to determine whether reflectance spectra of a diverse suite of lichens collected downwind of a smelter showed spectral evidence indicative of heavy metal oxalates or sulphides. The lichen spectra, coupled with the oxalate and sulphide spectra and independently determined heavy metal concentration, failed to reveal spectral features that could be unambiguously related to heavy metal complexes. This was likely due to a number of causes: lichen reflectance spectra have absorption bands that overlap those of oxalates; oxalate and sulphide concentrations may have been too low to allow for their unambiguous identification, and lichen spectra are naturally diverse in the region below 1300 nm. There were no strong or significant linear trends between metal concentrations and distance from the smelter (coefficient of determination (R2) values <0.05), or between absorption band depths in the lichen spectra and distance from the smelter (R2 values <0.06). This was likely due to the inclusion of multiple lichen species in the analysis, which may interact with airborne pollutants in different ways, and microenvironmental effects.


【Objective】 The objective of the present study was to study the genetic effects on porcine carcass and meat quality traits of HGD gene exon 14 SNPs.【Method】 HGD gene exon 14 polymorphic fragments were detected by PCR-SSCP technique using F2 generation from the Jinhua×Pietrain resource family.Association analysis of HGD gene polymorphism with meat quality and carcase traits was conducted.【Result】 Three genotypes(CC,CT and TT) were found.The homozygotes were sequenced and one new polymorphic locus(C→T) was found in HGD gene exon 14(EF011080,143 bp) which changed the amino acid from Pro to Ser.Allele C(78.3%) was higher than allele T and the individuals of genotype CC was in the majority(67.3%) in the experimental pig populations.The polymorphic site of HGD gene was hot in balance in individuals from the F2 generation of Jianhua×Pietrain resource family by Chi-square analysis.Ham joint weight of CT genotype pigs was higher than that of CC and TT genotype pigs by 0.33 and 0.45 kg respectively(P0.05).Buttocks fat thickness,area of eye muscle,content of crude protein in muscle and eye muscle conductivity of CT genotype pigs were higher than those of CC genotype pigs by 0.31 cm,3.29 cm2,0.73% and 1.38 respectively(P0.05).Eye muscle pH45 value,ham joint muscle pH45 value and ham joint muscle temperature of CT genotype pigs were lower than those of CC genotype pigs by 0.26,0.23 and 1.21 ℃ respectively(P0.05).【Conclusion】 These results indicate that HGD gene may be a candidate gene or a linked marker to a major gene that affects the porcine carcass and meat quality traits significantly.


A theoretical model of a single molecule coupled to many vibronic modes is presented. At low energies, transport is dominated by electron-vibron processes where transfer of an electron through the dot is accompanied by the excitation or emission of quanta (vibrons). Because the frequency of the nth mode is taken as an nth multiple of the frequency of the fundamental mode, several energetically degenerate or quasidegenerate vibronic configurations can contribute to transport. We investigate the consequences of strong electron-vibron coupling in a fully symmetric setup. Several striking features are predicted. In particular, a gate asymmetry and pronounced negative differential conductance features are observed. We attribute these features to the presence of slow channels originating from the interplay of Franck-Condon suppression of transport channels with spin and/or orbital degeneracies.


Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a multi-system disorder mostly caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA [1]. The pathogenic variant m.3243A>G accounts for more than 80% of cases of MELAS syndrome. The clinical manifestations of MELAS are highly diverse and include seizures, dementia, stroke-like episodes, migraines, depression, sensorineural hearing loss, muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy


In 1992, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) established a task force to develop a procedure for measuring electric energy consumption, all-electric range, fuel economy, and exhaust emissions for hybrid vehicles; the procedure will be submitted to regulatory agencies as representing the automotive industry`s recommendations. The draft procedure is currently being tested on hybrid vehicles. The University of Maryland`s parallel hybrid was tested in September 1994, and the University of California-Davis` parallel hybrid and the University of Illinois` series hybrid will be tested in November 1994 and January 1995, respectively. The procedure is being modified to incorporate any lessons learned, and the task force hopes to recommend the final procedure to the SAE by mid 1995.


Hypothesis/aims of study. The frequency of adverse intranatal outcomes is significantly increased when the pubic arch angle (PAA) is less than 90°. The accuracy of the manual method for determining PAA depends on a large number of parameters, such as obesity of a woman, as well as stereometric sensation and the experience of a doctor. Determination of PAA using ultrasound and X-ray pelviometry is generally available and reliable; however, it requires special training. The aim of this study was to develop mathematical methods for calculation of PAA.
Study design, materials and methods. The study included a retrospective and prospective analysis of 120 birth histories based on the Regional Clinical Hospital Perinatal Center (the Chita city, the years 2017/2018), which were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with body weight deficit, group 2 included patients with normal body mass index, and group 3 comprised patients with alimentary constitutional obesity. On the eve of the birth, external pelviometry, the manual method for determining PAA, and ultrasound pelviometry by translabial access were performed.
Results. PAA determined by the manual method was 99.6 ± 11.3° in group 1, 100.1 ± 14.2° in group 2, and 98.2 ± 10.7° in group 3. When ultrasound pelviometry was performed, the value of PAA was 97.4 ± 10.7° in group 1, 104.8 ± 13.8° in group 2, and 104.1 ± 12.3° in group 3. The error of the manual method was 2.2% in group 1, 4.5% in group 2, and 7.6% in group 3. On the basis of mathematical modeling of external pelviometry data, a pattern is defined, which is expressed by the formula: PAA = 180° – arccos (0,5 ∙ S1S2/S1P) – arccos (0,5 ∙ B1B2/(B2S1 – S1P), where PAA is the pubic arch angle (°); S1S2, Distantia spinarum; S1P, the distance between the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the lower edge of the symphysis; B2S1, the distance between the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the tuberosity of the opposite ischium; B1B2, the transverse size of the output plane. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) is 0.82. Thus, mathematical modeling allows determining PAA with a high degree of reliability.


One of the most peculiar immunohistological characteristics of the tumour cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and embryonal carcinoma of the testis is the expression of the CD30 antigen. Physiologically, CD30 expression is restricted to a few activated lymphocytes in normal lymphoid tissue and a small population of decidual cells. To clarify the reasons behind this highly restricted expression pattern and to learn about the combination of transcription factors involved in this regulation in Hodgkin's lymphoma and other CD30+ malignancies, the 5′‐flanking regulatory region of the cd30 gene was analysed. The major transcription start site was determined to be 270 bases upstream of the translational start codon in the Hodgkin's lymphoma‐derived cell lines L591 and L428. Reporter gene assays revealed that the CD30 promoter (−413 to 84) induces a 50‐ to 1000‐fold higher luciferase expression in CD30+ human lymphoid cell lines (Co, Jurkat, and the Hodgkin's lymphoma‐derived cell line L540) than in CD30− human lymphoid cell lines (DG75, SUP‐T1, and U698M), CD30− human carcinoma cell lines (HeLa and MCF‐7), or COS1 cells. Deletion analysis defined a TATA‐less, minimal promoter sequence from −164 to 84. The transcription factor Sp1 and members of the Ets family induce CD30 expression, whereas the transcription factor Sp3 diminishes its induction. These data suggest that a high Sp1/Sp3 expression ratio and a peculiar expression pattern of the Ets transcription factors are involved in the overexpression of CD30 and might contribute to the transformation of CD30+ tumour cells. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The opposition "rationalism-empiricism" makes the basic backdrop against which to present the history of epistemology that occupies the central place in the middle stage of the history of modern philosophy, that is, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. We owe it mainly to I. Kant2 that this opposition was made present in philosophical historiography. Obviously, he had some predecessors, among others, F. Bacon who in turn took it over from Aulus Cornelius Celsus' Roman encyclopaedia. Celsus, like Clausius Galen and Sextus Empiricus, distinguished in ancient medicine between empiricists and rationalists. At any rate he regarded these two approaches as one-sided, and postulated their creative combination.3 This interpretative scheme has taken roots in the manuals on history of philosophy since the times of F. Ueberweg. The latter put the opposition dogmatism–scepticism together with the opposition rationalism–empiricism.4With time, those categories had lost their evaluative character determined by Kant, who stressed their one-sidedness, and took on a descriptive and ordering character. The latter served to define the two types of the philosophies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They were taken in combination, as it is in B. Russell's historiography (History of Western


Despite significant research into authoring tools for interactive narratives and a number of established authoring platforms, there is still a lack of understanding around the authoring process itself, and the challenges that authors face when writing hypertext and other forms of interactive narratives. This has led to a monolithic view of authoring, which has hindered tool design, resulting in tools that can lack focus, or ignore important parts of the creative process. In order to understand how authors practise writing, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 interactive narrative authors. Using a qualitative analysis, we coded their comments to identify both processes and challenges, and then mapped these against each other in order to understand where issues occurred during the authoring process. In our previous work we were able to gather together a set of authoring steps that were relevant to interactive narratives through a review of the academic literature. Those steps were: Training/Support, Planning, Visualising/Structuring, Writing, Editing, and Compiling/Testing. In this work we discovered two additional authoring steps, Ideation and Publishing that had not been previously identified in our reviews of the academic literature - as these are practical concerns of authors that are invisible to researchers. For challenges we identified 18 codes under 5 themes, falling into 3 phases of development: Pre-production, where issues fall under User/Tool Misalignment and Documentation; Production, adding issues under Complexity and Programming Environment; and Post-production, replacing previous issues with longer term issues related to the narrative's Lifecycle. Our work shows that the authoring problem goes beyond the technical difficulties of using a system, rather it is rooted in the common misalignment between the authors' expectations and the tools capabilities, the fundamental tension between expressivity and complexity, and the invisibility of the edges of the process to researchers and tool builders. Our work suggests that a less monolithic view of authoring would allow designers to create more focused tools and address issues specifically at the places in which they occur.


Where alcohol-related crimes are concerned, the focus on violence is not misplaced, however, there is a possibility that some acquisitive offending may be driven to support offenders' drinking. We examined self-reported information about current offences in a sample of 126 British prisoners, looking at both violent offences motivated by financial gain and property-related acquisitive crimes, and their relationships with drinking. We found that offending to finance drinking was a motivation among a small percentage of both violent and acquisitive offenders, and, although small, these are worthy of attention. Those motivated to offend by the need to finance their drinking score significantly higher than those otherwise motivated on a measure of hazardous drinking.


Pharmacists in Canada from coast to coast to coast are beginning to exercise new expanded scopes of clinical practice. We have come such a long way in the development of our clinical services to our patients, and as we all work together towards entry-level PharmD implementation in Canada, a "renaissance" in the profession of pharmacy is evident.

Pharmacists have always exercised a great deal of careful oversight and scrutiny in the professional accuracy of our profession. Indeed, this is part of the "DNA" of a successful pharmacy practitioner. However, in recent years, I have heard the terms "minor" ailments and "self-limiting" conditions, used by pharmacists, governments and national pharmacy regulatory bodies in Canada and abroad. I do not believe that we have exercised optimal judgment over the adjectives associated with some pharmacy services that we are providing. I cringe whenever I hear the use of the word "minor." I find it professionally demeaning to pharmacists and our patients. The Oxford dictionary (www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition) defines "minor" as an adjective: "Lesser in importance, seriousness or significance." Synonyms include "unimportant, insignificant, negligible, trivial, and petty." "Self-limiting" is also an adjective: "Relating to or denoting something which limits itself, in particular: Medicine (of a condition) ultimately resolving itself without treatment: Money is wasted on prescriptions for self-limiting illnesses."

Pharmacy as a profession is being reconceptualized in the 21st century, and we have made great strides. Certainly, there is a bright future ahead; however, we must ensure that the monikers that we choose to use to describe ourselves are professionally appropriate, accurate and less restrictive. As pharmacists are clearly taking on greater roles in the area of primary care and given the walk-in, accessible nature of pharmacies/pharmacists to our patients directly and caregivers by extension, we should consider using alternative appellatives such as "ambulatory ailments." The Oxford dictionary defines "ambulatory" as "related to or adapted for walking: 1.1 Another term for ambulant (of a patient) able to walk about; not confined to bed. 1.2 Movable; mobile." This label could more accurately describe many of our patients without undermining the seriousness of their afflictions and the professional importance of pharmacist services and training.

I am open to suggestions on the terminology that we ultimately invoke but strongly advocate that the profession of pharmacy use the most ideal adjectives available as we continue to serve our patients. We should also leave room for embracing future changes, expansion and evolution in our practice directions. Ultimately, all of this is about more than just labels and name changes; it is about empowering ourselves as a profession rather than allowing ourselves to be put down while embracing our ever-expanding scope of practice. Clearly, we may have to work harder at redefining how we are seen and how we want to be perceived as part of the health care team. It is at our foundation and at the core of the pharmacy profession that we must carefully frame and word our pharmacy ministry. Ab initio in this reflective process and integral to how we see ourselves as a profession and portray ourselves to others, we should carefully reconsider perpetuating the use of the adjectives "minor" and "self-limiting" in the clinical services that pharmacists provide to our patients and society.


Objective To study the cytolytic effect of D417 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV)on small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 and normal cell line HFL-1. Methods Death rates of NCI-H446 and HFL-1 cells were measured through methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium eolorimetric as-say after the cells were infected by NDV strain D417 in vitro.Pathological changes of NCI-H446 cells were observed under light and electron microscopes. Results NDV strain IMl7 killed NCI-H446 cells.and the eell death rate was positively correlated with viral dose and incubation time.Strain D417 also kill-ed HFL-l cells,but the death rate of infected HFL-1 cells was lower than that of NCI-H446 cells under the same condition.After strain D417 infection.the cytopathogenic effect and fusion of NCI-H446 cells were found under the light microscope,apoptosises were found by electron microscopy. Conclusions NDV strain D417 has the ability to kill small cell lung cancer cells and a relatively less influence on nor-mal cells.

Key words:
Newcastle disease virus; Carcinoma,small cell; In vitro


The goal of this research is Insp ection of infection to salmonella in mature horses in Tabriz. For this study, 50 head of horse were choosen, after bounding physical and clinical examination, the rectal swab were taken. The collected sample were tested and observed in microbiology laborat ory of veterinary administration office East – Azerbaijan. The results of physical examination, history, etiology, microbiological study showed that were, no salmonella infections in horses, in other hand, all the horses were safe with salmonella. Other is olated bacteria from rectal swab contain: E.Coli (32%), Klebsiella (42%), Entrobacter (16%), Citrobacter (2%), Shigella (6%), Proteus (4%), Serratia (2%). Attention this problem, separated these factors to case digestion diseases of horse no, important ful fillment. Total pathogens were opportunity. In this investigation all the observation and test on horses no, digestion diseases were seen.


Education is a cultural phenomenon.Traditional cultural differences generated a different family education,family education and different reflect different social and cultural connotations.The culture tradition is the essential factor that leads to the education differences between China and America.Differences exist in family structure,characters,values and the way of thought.It's important and helpful to know the differences,which can change our concepts,improve parents' proficiency,cultivate children and strengthen their confidence and creativity,and bring about an equal and democratic atmosphere.


The Results of Governors' Messages in 1931. The REVIEW has, for several years past, published a summary of the messages delivered by the governors to their legislative bodies convened in regular or special session. But heretofore there has been no attempt to bring to light the extent to which the legislatures have followed or declined to follow the governors' recommendations. Nevertheless, until this is done it is difficult to interpret the messages. Some governors seem to be in earnest and really conduct a campaign in the legislative body to secure favorable action on their proposals. Others use the message as an opportunity to sound out public sentiment. If the reaction is unfavorable, no bill is introduced, or one which has been introduced is quietly killed, with the governor as chief accessory before the fact. The presence or lack of harmony in political views between the governor and legislature, as evidenced by party membership, has an important influence upon the success or failure of executive proposals. If, as Professor Holcombe suggests, the governor is really the "chief legislator," we should find a high correlation between his recommendations and the session laws. It is the purpose of this brief and fragmentary study to try a verification of this hypothesis. Because of the large number of legislative sessions in 1931, sampling was necessary. The samples selected include Connecticut, Texas, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and California. There was no rational basis for the selection of these particular states except the hope that friends could be found in each who would aid in collecting the necessary material. No conclusions should be drawn from the summaries which follow, except that they are the raw material from which generalizations may later be made after this process of analysis has been extended to many other states, and after our technique of observation of this genus of data has been reasonably well perfected. Connecticut. Governor Wilbur L. Cross, Democrat, made twenty-eight specific recommendations in his message of January 7. The General Assembly, controlled in both houses by a Republican machine which had long been in power, approved eight of these. The bills to carry out the recommendations of the governor were referred to hostile committees, which succeeded in killing most of them. "The failure of the major part of the program was due primarily to two factors. The first is the 1 The following persons have furnished data or have aided in securing it: Connecticut, Milton Conover and Boy I. Kimmel; Texas, Frank M. Stewart; Nebraska, John P. Senning; Pennsylvania, J. H. Fertig; Wisconsin, Edwin E. Witte; Minnesota, Morris B. Lambie; and California, Samuel C. May and Thomas Dabagh.


The Nickel-coated carbon fibers (NiCFs)/glass fibers (GFs) hybrid epoxy composites were manufactured by employing papermaking technology to produce NiCFs/GFs paper followed by composites liquid molding. The microwave absorbing properties of single-layered and double-layered NiCFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites were evaluated. The reflection loss (RL) were calculated by the measured complex permittivity and permeability using waveguide method by vector network analyzer in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) range. The double-layered composites were fabricated by using matching layer and absorbing layer to enhance the microwave absorption performance. The enhanced microwave absorbing properties of double-layered composites with minimum RL of −48.1 dB and effective absorption bandwidth of 3.2 GHz in the X band can be achieved when the total thickness of the matching layer and absorbing layer is 2.5 mm, which is attributed to synergistic effect of improved impedance matching characteristic and superior microwave attenuation capability of the absorbing layer, demonstrating that the NiCFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites can be a promising candidate of high performance microwave absorbing materials for realizing industrialization.


Objective:The best extraction conditions of total flavonoids from acid tea were studied using orthogonal experimental design.Methods:Total flavonoids of acid tea were extracted and determined by using ultrasonic technique and colorimetry,respectively.Results:The factors influencing on extraction efficiency of total flavonoids were as follows:alcohol concentrationtemperatureratio of material to solutionextraction time.The optimum technology was as follows:50% alcohol as extracting solvent,extraction temperature 60℃,the ratio of material to solvent 1:25,the time 40min.The yield of total flavonoids from aicd tea was 7.1617%.Conclusion:The optimum technology of ultrasonic extraction for total flavonoids from acid tea was a more efficient and simple method.


The ideological and ethic education value, a relationship, in which the ideological and ethic education object meets the specific needs of its subject, the essence of which is the relationship established between the subject and the object while the subject is experiencing the functions, properties, effects, significances, status, and influences of ideological and ethic education. The value embodiments of ideological and ethic education include positive value, negative value, and no value. The behavior reality in either ethic education or ideological education is actuality, and the education aim is necessity. People's behavior should be in accordance with the relationship between the actuality and necessity. It is the value embodiment process logic and also the value logic of the ideological and ethic education.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the community service applications course on the basis of stakeholders views. Community service applications is a


The migration of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene,1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene in food simulants,water,3% w/v aqueous acetic acid,10% v/v aqueous ethanol and n-hexane,were measured with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The compounds in aqueous food simulants were determined directly,and those in n-hexane food simulant were determined after extracted with distilled water. The linear range of calibration curves in aqueous food simulants were 0.5~100mg/L,the conversion rates were 87.3%~102.1% and the RSD6%. The linear range of calibration curves in n-hexane food simulants were 0.5~50mg/L,the conversion rates were 96.4%~116.5% and the RSD6%.


Homepage for Hill School Ryan Library Note that boxes are mapped to these pages so don't delete til youve moved content to new boxes


The invention provides a low permeability gas reservoir turning repeated fracturing technological method. The specific technological method comprises the following steps of gas well initial fracturing failure or low-efficiency reason analyzing, reservoir stratum evaluating conducted before turning repeated fracturing, turning repeated fracturing well selection and stratum selection decision making, rock mechanical parameter and ground stress testing, turning repeated fracturing ground stress field changing simulating, fracture geometrical parameter and flow conductivity optimizing, turning repeated fracturing technology optimizing, fracturing liquid and turning agent studying, repeated fracturing constructing and evaluating conducted after repeated fracturing. The well selection and stratum selection decision making and residual gas detecting serve as verification systems of each other, fracturing design and fracture detecting serve as verification systems of each other, and a novel fracture turning agent is used in the low permeability gas reservoir turning repeated fracturing technological method. The integrated design of the low permeability gas reservoir turning repeated fracturing is achieved, and the low permeability gas reservoir turning repeated fracturing technological method has the advantages that the design links are macroscopically integrated, local innovation is achieved, linkage is close, mutual verification is achieved, the design is advanced, and the technological advantage is obvious.


Technology associated with x-ray optics for missions such as ESA's XMM-Newton are not compatible with the demanding mass requirements for planetary explorers. Glass micro-pore optics are an enabling technology for future ESA missions to fly remote, planetary, x-ray imagers, by facilitating mass and volume reduction. Activities pursued by ESA have developed manufacturing techniques for micro-channel plates to produce high quality, square fibres, which are used to form glass plates containing square micro-channel pores, with diameters from 10 μm and fill factors around 60%. Matched pairs of plates can be deformed under heat and pressure to form spherical surfaces, such that each plate approximates the radius of one part of the tandem pair of a Wolter I configuration. In such a configuration the tangential walls of the concentric rings of pores are used as the grazing incidence, reflective surfaces that focus x-rays. The monolithic structure of the plates allows dense packing of the rings of x-ray mirrors and simplifies mounting, especially with respect to thermal and mechanical considerations. To improve x-ray reflectivity, processes to coat the channel surfaces with elements such as Ni and Ir have also been investigated. This paper discusses the design of a structure to support the optic segments and assembly of the optics into a structure. Pairs of plates must be aligned into tandems and fixed to form segments of the x-ray optic. Each tandem pair must be aligned into a structure which will support the plates through thermal and mechanical loading. A structure has been designed to allow assembly of the optic within tolerances justified by analysis. Replacement of individual tandems is possible. Thermal and mechanical analyses have been performed to assess the performance and survivability of the optic under loads. An assembly plan has been designed to allow maximisation of the effective area of the optic and ensure its best performance.


AIM and METHODS To study the immunoprotection and the related mechanism of OmpL 39 and the effect of idiosyncrasy antigen on the c- fos expression in the bulb of the guinea pigs. We immunized the guinea pigs separately with OmpL 39 , whole Leptospira cell vaccine(WLCV) and normal saline (NS) and then attacked them with virulent strain 017.RESULTS:OmpL 39 could produce high-valence positive antibody (MAT 1:3200). The immunoprotective rate was 100%. The c- fos gene expression granule area rate was 0.0086%±0.0003%, and the granule count was 4.63±1.34. The c- fos gene expression of the guinea pigs of OmpL 39 group was remarkably less than that of the control group (WLCV and NS) ( P 0.05).CONCLUSION:OmpL 39 could specifically inhibit the expressions the c- fos in the bulb of the guinea pigs. It was more effective in immunoprotection than WLCV.


A summer bridge program for incoming engineering and computer science freshmen has been used at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee from 2007-09. The primary purpose of this program has been to improve the mathematics course placement for incoming students who initially place into a course below Calculus I on our math placement examination. The students retake the math place examination after completing the bridge program to determine if they then place into a higher-level mathematics course. If the students improve their math placement, the program is considered successful for that student. The math portion of the bridge program centers on using the ALEKS software package for targeted, self-guided learning. In the 2007 and 2008 versions of the program, both an on-line version and an on-campus version with additional instruction were offered. In 2009, the program was exclusively in an on-campus format, and also featured a required residential component and additional engineering activities for the students. From the results of these three programs, we are able to evaluate the success of the program in its different formats, and are able to judge the utility of the enhancements that have been added to the program. In addition, data has been collected and analyzed regarding the impact of other factors on the program's success. The factors include student preparation before the beginning of the program (as measured by math ACT scores) and the amount of time the student spent working on the material during the program. Not surprisingly, better math preparation and the amount of time spent on the program are good indicators of success. Furthermore, the on campus version of the program is more effective than the on-line version.


SCCORDING to Goethe, Schiller was not enamored of Lessing's works and indeed was even antipathetic toward Emilia Galotti.1 Schiller's own reticence in regard to this play by Lessing unintentionally, perhaps unwarrantedly, lends Goethe's statement greater authority.2 Of course, a general influence of Emilia Galotti on Schiller's Kabale und Liebe, as also the parallelism of some of their respective dramatis personae, has often been treated and more or less universally accepted. In recent years, new information has appeared in the journals, pointing out sufficient reasons why traditionally mentioned authors such as Shakespeare, Lessing, Goethe, Klinger, Wagner, Leisewitz, and Gemmingen were not the only ones who helped shape Schiller's middle-class tragedy of 1784. Most notable in this connection is Robert R. Heitner's study "A Neglected Model for Kabale und Liebe,"3 in which he convincingly presents the case that Der Landesvater (1782) by Johann Christian Brandes (1735-99) can be regarded as the primary model for Schiller's drama. Heitner bases his argument on "internal evidence" of content, character, and plot. (However, he also honestly points out those instances in Brandes' play which may be considered tangential or even counter to his major thesis.) But although a case can be made for Brandes on this basis, it cannot be made on the basis of style or vocabulary. It is the purpose, then, of the present study to revert slightly to the now traditional view of a Lessing-Schiller relationship, but at the same time to attempt a more exhaustive investigation of this relationship, primarily from a stylistic and vocabular point of view. Granted that most large-scale Schiller studies as well as many editions of Kabale und Liebe indicate certain textual similarities between this drama and Emilia Galotti, none has shown overwhelming evidence that Schiller had utilized much more from his predecessor than has heretofore been acknowledged.4 Among the more recent works on Schiller, that of Gerhard Storz gingerly grants the existence of such utilization. Although Storz mentions "literarische Reminiszensen" and accepts the fact that Emilia Galotti exerted the strongest influence, he notes two instances of textual similarity and concludes unjustifiably: "Das Nachwirken des Lessingschen Stiickes bleibt in Kabale und Liebe ziemlich peripher." 5 However, there are striking "aftereffects" of Emilia Galotti in Kabale und Liebe. Only a few similarities of a conceptual nature can be noted here. Frau Miller, like Claudia Galotti, is convinced of the fact that "meine Tochter ist zu was Hohem gemiinzt" (KuL, I, 2)-this conviction takes a tragically ironical turn in Emilia Galotti, where the heroine's fate


This paper analyzes the operating characteristic of optic-storage drive at zero gravity.In this article,development of memory technology and requirement of satellitic application are introduced.The paper point out that the key component is the dolly motion part at zero gravity.Accordingly,detailed analyzing is given for opto-mechanical-moving-assembly seeking and focusing at zero gravity. The analyzing sums up that the optic-storage drive could operate normally at zero gravity.


With the development of the wireless network technology and the increment of the wireless network coverage,people demand more and more location information when they access to network resources anywhere,this promotes the progress of wireless location technology.Analyzes the log-normal distribution model and proposes Gaussian filtering method which is used to select RSSI value of the preferred node.Also obtain the path loss index values in specific environment.This can reduce the error affected by the RSSI value.Use the distance based on the RSSI to locate the unknown node.The weighting factors is determined by the distance obtained from the RSSI.The weighted centroid algorithm has high accuracy and wide range of practicality,nodes do not demand additional communication spending.


In this paper the biological characteristics of Apocheima cinerarius were observed and studied in North Anhui. The results showed that the occurrences of Apocheima cinerarius were closely related to the soil types and the reason why the pest had not spread widely for years was mainly that some soil types were not suitable for its pupation and overwintering. In the study the smoke sprayer pesticide-carrying technology was first introduced to control the pest in North Anhui and achieved significant results.


This paper refers to the general track "Epigraphic edition on paper and on line". Some researchers who has been working on the editing of the Inscrip-tiones Christianae Italiae, published from the University of Bari, contributed also to the EDR project, that collect on line the epigraphic documents of Roman Christian Period. I propose a preview of the work currently in progress, with a specific reference to the inscriptions that provide us the chronological and topographic data to study the cemetery as well as formularies linked to the society structure and to the identity-making characteristics.


Abstract: A 58-year-old woman presented with a half-year historyof multiple enlarging right frontal neck masses. She denied cough,pain, or any other symptoms. The CT and MRI scan detected onlymultiple right neck lymphadenopathy. Since malignant lymphomawas suspected, a whole body F-18 FDG PET was performed, andrevealed increased tracer uptake of the neck tumor. No other lesionswith elevated F-18 FDG accumulation were found. After an openbiopsy, a lymph node specimen confirmed tuberuclous lymphade-nitis without malignancy. F-18 FDG PET for cervical lymphade-nopathy can be associated with false-positive findings, which maylead to a wrong diagnosis. Key Words: cervical tuberculosis, positron emission tomography,F-18 FDG, extrapulmonary tuberculosis( Clin Nucl Med 2007;32: 474–475) REFERENCES 1. Yul L, Ki SP, Soo YC. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: CT findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr . 1994;18:370–375.2. King AD, Ahuja AT, Metreweli C. MRI of tuberculous cervical lymph-adenopathy. J Comput Assist Tomogr


The links between trade and growth are examined in a neoclassical model of an open economy in which domestic production requires both domestic and imported inputs. The model shows that trade distortions induced by policies such as tariffs and exchange controls generate cross-country divergences in growth rates and in per capita income over a long period. The empirical results confirm that tariff rates and black market premia, interacting with the estimated share of free trade imports, have significant negative effects on the growth rate of per capita income across countries.


A Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) product derived from satellite measurements would be very welcome by the researchers for assimilation into OGCMs as studies have shown that salinity is important for the simulation of tropical ocean dynamics. The reason for this is that the in situ measurements are poorly distributed. We have estimated SSS from satellite measurements of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) over the tropical oceans during 1979 to present. The algorithms are based on the inter-relationships between OLR, the Effective Oceanic Layer (EOL), climatological SSS (World Ocean Atlas 2001; WOA01) and freshwater flux (P-E). Preliminary results in the tropical Indian Ocean show higher correlation coefficients for the relationships between OLR vs. EOL, EOL vs. WOA98 SSS and OLR vs. P-E. The former relationship couples the atmospheric convection (OLR) and the geopotential thickness of the near-surface stratified layer (EOL). The estimated SSS at 2.5°x2.5° grid on monthly scale is nearer to the WOA98 SSS with lesser differences within ±0.5 psu away from the coastal region. The mixing and advection processes will have to be considered using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) for the refinement of estimated SSS. Subrahmanyam et al. [2004] successfully attempted a case study and estimated the SSS from OLR to understand the air-sea coupling during tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Method Murty et al. [2004] showed the methodology (Figure 1) to estimate the SSS in the tropical Indian Ocean and the statistical relationships (algorithms) between OLR and EOL, between EOL and SSS and between OLR and SSS in the tropical Indian Ocean. The monthly algorithms developed are suitable for both the convection and non-convection regions for the tropical Indian Ocean. After examining the utility of these monthly algorithms for the daily/synoptic scales, the estimation of daily SSS on routine basis are attempted. Figure1. Schematic diagram explaining the computational methodology for the estimation of SSS from OLR (taken from Murty et al. 2004). Section 09 Page 3 of 6 Results One important feature of the present algorithms is their ability to simulate the interannual variation of the SSS. The interannual variation of estimated SSS for a 6 year period (1995-2000) is presented for two locations in the EIO (0°N, 55°E and 0°N, 90°E) (Figure 2). The impact of 1997 El Niño signal is evident in the time series of estimated SSS. Higher SSS at the eastern location in 1997 clearly identifies the impact of weaker convection associated with the El Niño. The annual variation of WOA98 SSS is repeated over the 6-year period for a better comparison with the estimated SSS. Conclusions This new salinity monthly product (2.5°x2.5°) in the tropical Indian Ocean (30°N-30°S, 40°E-100°E) is useful to further studies on coupled models, El Niño-Southern Oscillation forecast models and Ocean Global Circulation Models or regional scale circulation models. In future using 25 years (1979-present) of daily OLR data at 1°x1° grid and the algorithms, the daily SSS will be estimated in the tropical oceans. This method has only been tested in the tropical Indian Ocean; further research is still required to see its applicability to other oceans. We hope that this work will be useful for the validation of the SSS products to be obtained from the two salinity satellite missions – the US 'Aquarius' and the European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), that are planned for launch in 2008. References Murty, V.S.N., B. Subrahmanyam, V. Tilvi, and James J. O'Brien, A New Technique for Estimation of Sea Surface Salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean from OLR, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2003JC001928, 2004. Subrahmanyam, B., V.S.N. Murty, R.J. Sharp, and J.J. O'Brien (2004). Air-Sea Coupling during the tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean a case study using satellite observations, Special Addition of the Pure and Applied Geophysics on "Weather and Climate" (in press). Acknowledgements The COAPS at the FSU receives its base support from the NASA Physical Oceanography program and through the Applied Research Center, funded by NOAA Office of Global Programs awarded to Dr. James J. O'Brien. Figure 2. Inter-annual variation of the estimated SSS (solid line) at two selected locations in the equatorial Indian Ocean: 0°, 55°E (top panel) and 0°, 90°E (bottom panel) during 19952000. The annual variation of WOA98 SSS (dashed line) at this location is repeated for all the 6 years for easy comparison and to assess the deviation in the estimated SSS from the WOA98 SSS (Taken from Murty et al. 2004) However, differences in some months are relatively high (0.8 to 1.3) with larger values of estimated SSS than WOA98 in the El Niño period. Section 09 Page 4 of 6 Numerical Experiments of Typhoon Bilis using a non-hydrostatic atmospheric model coupled with a mixed-layer ocean model


In our analysis of the moth genus Homona in New Guinea (Hulcr et al. 2007), we had one species that we could not clearly identify that we called 'species near salaconis.' The New Guinea specimens differ somewhat in genitalic morphology from specimens from the Philippines (the type locality of salaconis) and DNA data were not available at the time. Through Wolfram Mey, we have subsequently obtained specimens from the Philippines, and obtained Cytochrome Oxidase I ('DNA barcode') sequences from two specimens (Genbank GU440204–GU440205). The two Philippines sequences differ 0.15% from each other, while the Philippines sequences differ from our original New Guinea sequences (Genbank EF070825–070836) by 3.30–4.28% (using Neighbor Joining with the Kimura 2 parameter as implemented by Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007). Based on the morphological and DNA criteria discussed in Hulcr et al. (2007), the Philippines and New Guinea populations should be considered separate species. The Philippines population keeps the name Homona salaconis, which was well illustrated by Diakonoff (1968, as Archips salaconis). The name Homona auriga (Durrant 1915) is available for the New Guinea population, which we propose here as a resurrected taxonomic status. We have examined the female holotype from Indonesian New Guinea in the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH Microlepidoptera slide 7854) and it matches our specimens from Papua New Guinea. Homona auriga was previously considered a synonym of Homona salaconis (Brown 2005). The identities of other populations formerly identified as Homona salaconis outside of the Philippines and New Guinea should also be reviewed (such as those mentioned by Brown 2005 from Sumatra and Sulawesi), but no material suitable for DNA study is available to us.


The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band is of great importance for the future wireless communication systems. Studies on millimeter-wave channels are of great importance to mmwave wireless technologies. In this paper, we investigate the 3-D clustering phenomenon of mm-wave propagation at 28 GHz in a conference room. The results including cluster propagation mechanisms, the relationship between the clusters and the physical environment, and intra-cluster statistics are presented. Results show that the cluster propagation mechanisms are influenced by the room geometry. The last hop of sub-paths in the same cluster may locate on different objects existing in the environment. Besides, cluster statistics including intra-cluster delay spread (DS), angle spread (AS), and sub-paths number are discussed. Their logarithms fit normal distributions well. These results could help extend and justify current research on mm-wave channels. Moreover, a ray-tracing (RT) tool is used to emulate the measurements and similarity results are presented and analyzed. Excellent agreements between the measurement and simulation verify the feasibility and accuracy of RT simulation for studying the cluster characteristics.


Each year, there are millions non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related deaths that are attributed to dietary risk factors. Dietary pattern describes the overall combination of dietary components, therefore is a more proximate representation of real-world dietary intake. The comparisons of different dietary patterns have been largely limited by the traditional pair-wise meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials with healthy participants to compare major dietary patterns in NCD prevention, using biomarkers of NCDs as outcomes. For each biomarker outcome, a random effects network meta-analysis was conducted to estimate all possible pair-wise relative effects and to obtain a relative ranking of the dietary patterns in a connected network. The relative effects were estimated by calculating the summary mean differences (MD) with corresponding 95% CI. The relative ranking was assessed using the distribution of the ranking probabilities and the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA). Of the 4008 records identified from the systematic literature search, 72 articles met our inclusion criteria and 68 were included in the quantitative synthesis. We compared up to 11 dietary patterns (Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, Paleo diet, dietary guidelines-based diet, low GI / GL diet, plant based diet, low fat diet, low carbohydrate high fat diet, traditional Mexican diet, high GI / GL diet and western habitual diet) for their effects on 11 NCD biomarkers (HDL, TG, LDL, TC, glucose, insulin, hsCRP, apoB, apoA1, HOMA-IR, and IL-6). Compared to western habitual diet, the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, dietary guidelines based diet, plant based diet and low fat diet reduced LDL, TC, and apoB (MD range: -0.29 to -0.17 mmol/L, -0.36 to -0.24 mmol/L, and -0.11 to -0.07 g/L, respectively, all p<0.05); the Paleo diet, plant based diet and dietary guidelines based diet reduced HOMA-IR (MD range: -0.95 to -0.35, all p<0.05). While no dietary pattern ranked consistently highest across all NCD biomarkers, the Mediterranean diet was best to improve lipid profile (LDL, HDL, TC, TG, apoB and apoA1 combined average SUCRA: 63.1%); low carbohydrate high fat diet was best for glycaemic control (glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR combined average SUCRA: 66.4%); and Paleo diet was best in inflammation reduction (hsCRP and IL-6 combined average SUCRA: 87.0%). The Paleo diet had the highest all-outcomes-combined ranking (average SUCRA: 63.1%), followed by the Mediterranean diet (58.9%) and DASH diet (58.8%), while the western habitual diet (37.8%) and high GI / GL diet (38.5%) received the lowest all-outcomes-combined SUCRAs. Our findings suggest that the Paleo diet may provide potential health benefit and warrants further consideration for NCD prevention.


This study shows the perception of workers in the municipalities of Atarjea, Tierra Blanca, Santa Catarina, Xichú and Victoria who make up the Northeast of the State of Guanajuato, regarding the current wage structure, result of exploratory quantitative research carried out by students and teachers from the Universidad Tecnológico de Norte de Guanajuato, Campus Victoria. Instrument Design: San Elias Rabbit Carla Michelle, Mejía Rodríguez Edith Magali.


Nevertheless, by Autumn 1915,98 percent of England and Wales had been valued: imagine what a database that provides. This valuation process shares many of the features of its illustrious forebears—*he Domesday of 1086, the detail resulting from the Tithe Redemption Act of 1836, and the "new Domesday" of landownership of 1873—but it surpasses them all in terms of its completeness, and of the categories of economic and social information it contains, for it covers 13 million rural and urban hereditaments in England and Wales alone. The author estimates that there are 40 million items of information, and in proportion the additional equivalent for Scotland and Ireland. The author does indeed need a book primarily on the source material alone before any remotely all-embracing book on Edwardian Britain is contemplated. The Valuation Books alone record, for each property, upwards of 40 separate fields of information including names, addresses, descriptions, sizes, and a whole series of valuation estimates. The form which was issued to owners—the notorious Form 4—and which was central to the valuation process contains yet further details, and both sets of data were employed in creating the Field Books in which the valuations were eventually made. The 95,000 volumes of the last of these records are available in the Public Record Office. The other two classes of record survive locally, if they survive at all. Part 2 of the book takes a selection of themes and local and regional studies to show just how rich these data are. This is not what you would call a narrative story which draws the reader through plot and intrigue to a revealing conclusion, but considering the Aladdin's cave which lies behind the story this is clearly an essential starting point for anyone who wishes to explore the 1910 valuation further. Practically alone among modern scholars, Brian Short has brought this database into public view and now it is up to us, whether economic or agricultural historians, historical sociologists or historical geographers, to plunder it for all that it is worth.


We propose a practical strategy for choosing sets of input coherent states that are near-optimal for reconstructing single-mode Gaussian quantum processes with output-state heterodyne measurements. We first derive analytical expressions for the mean squared-error that quantifies the reconstruction accuracy for general process tomography and large data. Using such expressions, upon relaxing the trace-preserving (TP) constraint, we introduce an error-reducing set of input coherent states that is independent of the measurement data or the unknown true process—the geometrical set. We numerically show that process reconstruction from such input coherent states is nearly as accurate as that from the best possible set of coherent states chosen with the complete knowledge about the process. This allows us to efficiently characterize Gaussian processes even with reasonably low-energy coherent states. We numerically observe that the geometrical strategy without trace preservation beats all nonadaptive strategies for arbitrary TP Gaussian processes of typical parameter ranges so long as the displacement components are not too large.


PMU data is known for high data resolution and accuracy, is gaining increasing significance in power system monitoring and control. This is especially true with the wide application of machine learning and big data analytics. In this paper, a fast implementation framework of phasor parameter calculation algorithm is discussed. The proposed technique utilizes the most recent frequency estimate, and adaptively adjust algorithms applied to characterize both electromagnetic transients and electromechanical dynamics in the power grid. PSS/E simulation results show that the proposed technique is able to adequately characterize transients and dynamics in terms of accurate and fast phasor parameter calculation.


180Background: The significance of germline variants and their implications for prostate cancer (PCa) patients has gained prominence. Mismatch repair (MMR) genes such as MSH6 and MSH2, along with DNA repair genes, may be more important in PCa than previously appreciated. In the present study, we compared linkage results between African American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) PCa families with multiple affected family members. Methods: Study subjects were from 15 large, high-risk, clinically homogenous AA families and 4 CA families from Southern Louisiana. All families had at least ≥ 3 members with family member diagnosed with PCa. Genotyping for linkage analyses was done using Illumina Infinium II SNP HumanLinkage-12 panel. 6,068 SNPs were released for linkage analyses. Parametric linkage analyses were performed using Merlin software, version 1.1.2. An HLOD score > 1.86 was considered suggestive of linkage. Results: A total of 129 individuals from 15 AA families were genotyped including 45 affected men, 44 unaff...


Parton distribution functions (PDFs) describe the internal structure of the proton and are necessary inputs to almost all theory predictions of hadron colliders. One way to do a precise measurement of a PDF is to measure the lepton charge asymmetry of W boson where u d̄ → W and dū → W− . Therefore, u, d, ū , and d̄ quark shapes of the most modern PDF models (NNPDF3.1, NNPDF3.0, CT14, MMHT2014, and HERAPDF2.0) are inspected using the APFEL online cluster in this paper. The ratio of d to u is further investigated since the charge asymmetry is sensitive to the value of d over u momentum distributions in the proton. Q scale dependence of PDFs are further studied in a range from 1 to 100 GeV.


This paper takes its starting point from claims made for the potential historical value of the evidence gathered, presented and scrutinised in international criminal courts. Human Rights Watch claimed of the ICTY that "future generations will use the evidence to understand the region's history", while Mullins identified records from the ICTR as a source of 'thick' description. Earlier trials have played an important, if not always unproblematic part in Holocaust historiography. Recently, criminologists and others have started to make use of resources generated or collected by the ICTY and ICTR to describe and analyse international crimes. Methodological aspects of these studies are not always fully or explicitly developed and so we must reflect on how we can make scholarly use of ICTY material, on the challenges and limitations of the source material, on the kinds of questions that material is best suited to answering, and on how to build as robust a set of findings as possible. This paper argues that while evidence and transcripts from international criminal courts do have great potential as a source of data for analyses in criminology, and by extension other social sciences and historical research, they need to be handled with care, recognising gaps, regional specificity and the need to assess validity. The paper compares judicial and scholarly approaches, examines access and transparency, issues around the construction of a body of evidence in the trial process and matters relating to witnesses. There are many reasons to take the ICTY as a 'best case scenario' of international judicial sources as data, and I examine two different approaches taken to using the court's output in criminological research. They make a strong case for using the ICTY as part of scholarly efforts to make sense of the violent disintegration of state and society in Yugoslavia.


Direct bioautography is a potent means of obtaining information about the antimicrobial activity of a compound separated from a complex mixture. In this process the developed TLC plate is dipped into a broth culture of a test bacterium and the bacterium will grow directly on the plate. Optimum experimental conditions must, however, be used for each test bacterium. The main purpose of this study was to find optimum culture conditions for a Gram-negative test bacterium, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) enabling us to establish a direct bioautographic method with the shortest possible performance time. Because the intracellular adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) level is a direct and sensitive measure of bacterial well-being, ATPassay was used for this purpose. As far as we know this is the first report of the use of an ATP method for optimization of direct bioautography with E. coli. Our optimizing experiments on E. coli culture showed that the bacteria had to be in the log phase (optical density, OD600nm = 0.1–0.4) in the bacterial suspension used for dipping. TLC plates immersed in the logphase culture needed a shorter incubation time for bacterial growth on the TLC plate (3 h) than for the original 'overnight' culturing suggested in studies by others. In this paper we will show that: – ATP assay is a valid method for optimizing E. coli direct bioautography. – Bacterial ATP level oscillates during the growth phase in culture media. – TLC plates should be immersed in E. coli dipping suspension with OD600nm = 0.1–0.4. – Dipping a developed TLC plate for 10 s gave acceptable results. – Incubation of the seeded TLC plate at 37°C for 3 h was found to be optimum. – An ATP/protein ratio of 10–15 nmol mg−1 in dipping culture and ~5 nmol mg−1 on seeded TLC plates were the minimum threshold values for visualization of living bacteria by means of the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reaction. – With our optimized coditions the total performance time of E. coli direct bioautography is 9.6 h instead of the originally reported 11.5 h. – Our procedure results in much sharper contrast of the inhibition zone than that without optimization. – ATP assay is a valid method for optimizing E. coli direct bioautography. – Bacterial ATP level oscillates during the growth phase in culture media. – TLC plates should be immersed in E. coli dipping suspension with OD600nm = 0.1–0.4. – Dipping a developed TLC plate for 10 s gave acceptable results. – Incubation of the seeded TLC plate at 37°C for 3 h was found to be optimum. – An ATP/protein ratio of 10–15 nmol mg−1 in dipping culture and ~5 nmol mg−1 on seeded TLC plates were the minimum threshold values for visualization of living bacteria by means of the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reaction. – With our optimized coditions the total performance time of E. coli direct bioautography is 9.6 h instead of the originally reported 11.5 h. – Our procedure results in much sharper contrast of the inhibition zone than that without optimization.


Both natural and artificial collective systems display order in their spatiotemporal patterns, and the information embedded in the structures of these patterns underlies many common characteristics. Although inherently out-of-equilibrium, these patterns may share similarities with well-understood phases of matter in equilibrium systems and thus may be called phases of collective systems and characterized by similar metrics. Here we demonstrate the phases and phase transitions of an experimental collective system, devise a heuristic information measure based on a local neighbor metric to extract the global information content, and extend the system and the method of analysis to mimics of well-known phenomena in physics and in biology: gas effusion, gas mixing, and predator-prey behaviors. We expect that our findings not only shed light on the fundamental link between order and information in non-equilibrium thermodynamics but also guide the design of robot collectives towards their future potential applications in medicine, exploration, and manufacturing.


The State of Qatar is driven mainly by hydrocarbon revenues, which are estimated to support this tiny country for hundreds of years. The Qatari economy is becoming diversified with industries such as manufacturing, banking, social services, and tourism. Additionally, government financed health and educational services have increased rapidly. However, the Qatari government is not able to establish necessary laws and procedures which business requires. Despite recent changes, Qatari laws and regulations are not always friendly towards business ventures or foreign investment, hindering economic growth. Furthermore, enforcement of existing business regulations and rules are occasionally lacking.


Objective To compare the clinical effects of degoxin and antisterone or captopril together with degoxin,antisterone on chronic congestive heart failure.Methods 60 men and women with chronic congestive heart failure were divided into two groups randomly.The treated group(32 cases) was treated with captopril (C),degoxin (D) and antiserone (A).The control group(28 cases) was treated with degoxin (D) and antisterone (A).Then observe the efficacy.Results The rate of efficacy in the treated group was 93.7%(30 cases in 32) and that in the control group was 71.4%(20 in 28 cases) (P0.05).The results were quite different.Conclusion Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is a new and valuable agent in treating patients with CHF.It can treat CHF very effectively.


Donald Trump's surprising level of support among U.S. Latina/o voters in 2016 and his improved performance in the 2020 election posed a puzzle for Latina/o politics scholars given his stridently anti-immigrant agenda. Although scholars have acknowledged the political gender gap between Latinas and Latino men, few studies have outlined the theoretical basis or explored the empirical existence of gender differences in Latina/o immigration enforcement attitudes. Building on the Latina politics literature documenting Latinas' greater engagement in solidarity work with immigrants and their greater desire for cultural transmission and the maintenance of pan-ethnic identity, I test two hypotheses. The first (the Latina/o gender hypothesis) postulates that Latinas will exhibit more liberal attitudes on matters of immigration enforcement relative to Latino men. The second (the immigrant identity hypothesis) postulates that Latinas are more likely to rely on their sense of commonality with immigrants in the formation of their immigration enforcement attitudes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of the 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Postelection Survey support both hypotheses, which suggests not only that immigration attitudes among Latinas and Latino men are meaningfully distinct, but also that there are important structural differences underlying Latina/o beliefs in this policy area.


Inactivation efficiency of needle-matrix-to-plate corona discharge is studied on PIV (para-influenza virus) liquid membranes and aerosols. Hemagglutination assay and hemadsorption assay were applied to assess the inactivation efficiency. The results showed that above 87.5% viruses in membranes were killed after 15 min exposure to corona discharge; more than 50% viruses in aerosols were inactivated through a one-time discharge treatment. It concludes that high energetic electrons, UV and radicals have extremely high inactivation efficiency on PIV viruses in air, and electric field performs high efficiency in trapping viral carriers, and PIV viruses can be killed in the discharge field.


Objective: To prepare and establish quality control for Penciclovir Ophthalmic Gel.Methods:Penciclovir Ophthalmic Gel was prepared with PVA-124.The content of penciclovir was determined by HPLC at the wavelength of 252 nm.Results: There was a good linear correlation within the range of 5.00~100.00 μg/ml(r=0.999 7)of penciclovir concentration; the average recovery was 98.71%(RSD=0.75%).Conclusion: This method is convenient,accurate and reproducible ,which can be used for the quality control of Penciclovir Ophthalmic Gel.


The purpose of our research was to determine the detection frequency of 12 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are planning pregnancy and to assess the results of colposcopy and the state of the cervix in these women, depending on the presence of HPV. Methods and Results: We examined 31 women with HIV infection who sought pregnancy-planning advice at Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems in Irkutsk during 2014-2015. All HIV-infected women were tested for the presence of high-risk HPV DNA in the epithelium of the cervical canal by PCR. Material for cytological examination (PAP test) was collected during gynecological examination. PAP tests were assessed according to the Bethesda system. All changes were divided into two types: ASCUS and SIL, the last was in its turn divided into two categories: LSIL and HSIL. The frequency of HPV detection in HIV-infected women planning pregnancy was 71%. HPV 16 was found in 16(51.6%) HIV-infected women and ranked first in frequency among 12 types of HPV. HPV 33 and HPV 35 were found in 15(48.4%) and 12(38.7%) HIV-infected women, respectively, and ranked the second and third in frequency among 12 HPV types. We compared abnormal colposcopy results in two groups of patients with HIV infection: Group 1 (n=22) included women with HPV and Group 2 (n=9) included women without HPV. ASCUS was detected in all patients of Group 1 (100%) and in 6(66.7%) women of Group 2. Two women (9.1%) from Group 1 were diagnosed with LSIL and 10(45.5%) women with HSIL. Conclusion: HIV-infected women planning pregnancy and living in Irkutsk form a group at high-risk of HPV infection.


This paper expresses diverse confusions or mental,psychological issues with staff following the several hospitals "merger" or reorganization,including personal identity adjustments,implementation challenges,professional performance issues,and relationship difficulties.The study proposes several tentative solutions.These include a unified,very big or generous attitude among staff to help develop a good awareness or need for personal improvement,a safety attitudinal approach leading to establishing a sense of quality and safety in medical practice with the new hospital,an encouragement approach to motivate staff to try to achieve,and an approach to build harmony with hospital staff to have compassion and care.Additionally it is concluded or recommended that shaping a certain cultural environment in this hospital is critical to lessen or end the confusions,that faster innovation in management concepts is desired,and that employee contentment should be given top priority over patient and community satisfaction.


Ore-containing geochemistry evaluation of two kinds of magmatic body is briefly described.Aimed at geochemistry characteristic of the magmatic body and actual field work conditions,geochemistry evaluation method for ore-containing character of magmatic body is proposed,based on geochemistry and rare-element geochemistry of magmatic body.The method can accelerate evaluation of magmatic body and progress of field ore exploration.


In this paper, we report the results of using HUCKSTEP HIP prosthesis for the revision surgery of total hip arthroplasty or the salvage operation for failed hip surgery.Between 1994 to 1997, 9 patients were operated on using this method and 6 patients were followed up. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 35 months. With the exception of 1 fracture, these patients were permitted early weight-bearing and all 6 patients had relief of pain with early ambulation. Although the period of postoperative follow-up was short, HUCKSTEP HIP proved useful for these cases.


These notes provide a very brief introduction to stochastic calculus, the branch of mathematics that is most identified with financial engineering and mathematical finance. We will ignore most of the technical details and take an "engineering" approach to the subject. We will only introduce the concepts that are necessary for deriving the Black-Scholes formula later in the course. These concepts include quadratic variation, stochastic integrals and stochastic differential equations. We will of couse also introduce Itô's Lemma, probably the most important result in stochastic calculus.


A large quantity of well-respected software is tested against a series of metrics designed to measure program lucidity, with intriguing results. Although slanted toward software written in the C language, the measures are adaptable for analyzing most high-level languages.


Heritage sites are damaged by various means. A number of magnificent palaces like Gwalior fort, Datia Fort in Madhya Pradesh have survived from medieval period. The composition & structure of artifact can be modified by Microorganisms and other deteriorating agent. Amongst microorganisms Fungi are of prime interest because of their simple ecological and nutritional requirement can develop easily on outdoor objects and monuments. Once established, fungi degrade stone chemically as well as mechanically. For conservation reasons and maintain the original status and integrity of the heritage site it is preferable to eliminate biological growth. Relatively little research has been conducted on antifungal treatments for stone so there is a need of finding antifungal treatments with sufficient persistence. Thus present study was taken to determine the efficacy of natural products against monument associated fungi so as to determine their antifungal potential to prevent colonization of these fungi. Fungi were isolated from stone samples collected from Gwalior fort, Gwalior, India. During this study Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of 36 plants extracts were examined against Alternaria sp, A.


With the growing amount of information in various domains, real-time retrieval and analysis is the most frequently used operation. The integration of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) known as event-driven SOA (ED-SOA) has been widely adopted for developing various kinds of real-time applications. We describe a generic approach with an ability to perform complex event publishing, querying, analysis, processing and integration with SOA. Finally, a financial services case of SOA based on complex event processing (CEP) is provided in this paper. Our study shows that it is beneficial not only in reducing the development complexity, but also in coping with dynamic changes at all abstraction levels.


AIM: To observe the effects of simulated weightlessness induced by 21 d, -20° head-down tilt (HDT) on the cerebral water content and histological changes in rabbits. METHODS: The weightlessness simulation model was set up by use of HDT. Twenty-four healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of 8 each: 21 d weightlessness group, 45° HUT 2 h per day group (countermeasure), control group. After 21 d simulated weightlessness, the cerebral water content and histological examination were observed. RESULTS: ① There were no significant differences in the cerebral water content between the control, weightlessness and countermeasure groups. ② Under light microscope, no red blood cell effusion, blood vessel or cell spaces distention were found among all the three groups. No vacuoles or cellular swelling was found in brain tissues. CONCLUSION: The 21 d weightlessness simulation does not cause brain edema or histological changes in rabbits.


Abstract Few studies exist which deal with the synoptic climatological explanation of precipitation problems in the Canadian Prairies. Under particular consideration is the summer precipitation regime in the Prairie Provinces of Canada which is so significant for the cultivation of spring wheat. An attempt has been made to explain the June-July precipitation in the interior plains of Canada in terms of surface and upper atmospheric flow patterns. A unique feature of the precipitation pattern is that while in the southern half of this area, June is the month of maximum precipitation, in the northern half it is July. The investigation reveals that this interesting precipitation regime is related to the unusual extension of the Pacific High Pressure cell towards the northeast and a northward displacement of jet streams, frontal zones, and cyclonic tracks.


Partial discharge (PD) signals in various polyethylenes such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), crosslinked polyethylenes (XLPE) and chemically modified polyethylenes are measured by an ultrasonic signal detection systems, and their characteristics are analyzed. The PD characteristics of commercial XLPEs are different from sample to sample. PD activities in XLPE are more extensive than those in LDPE, which depends on the type of polyethylene. PD activities are suppressed in the tree-retardant XLPEs as compared to the conventional XLPEs. A chemical modification of LDPE using an acrylic acid suppresses PD activities in LDPE. Details of these results are described.


An ambipolar 5,5' ''-bis(fluoroalkyl)quarterthiophene exhibits memory effects in thin film transistors. The memory effect is based on hysteresis in the transfer (ID−VG) characteristics that is apparently due to charge trapping. Hysteresis induced by gate-bias stress was exploited to study nonvolatile floating gate memory effects. The ON state retention time for this memory device is ∼70 min. The temperature dependence of the retention time revealed a trapping mechanism with a trapping activation energy of ∼400 meV.


Fuzzy decision tree (FDT) induction is a powerful methodology to extract human interpretable classification rules. Due to the greedy nature of FDT, there is a chance of FDT resulting in poor classification accuracy. To improve the accuracy of FDT, Bhatt and Gopal (2006) have proposed a back propagation strategy, where the interpretability of derived fuzzy rules is affected, as the certainty factor of the rules does not lie within the theoretical bounds of 0 and 1. To retain the human interpretability of fuzzy rules, and to make rules consistent with fuzzy set theory, we restrict the values of certainty factor to lie within theoretical bounds using the concept of gradient projection over neuro fuzzy decision tree and the model is named as Gradient Projected-Neuro-Fuzzy Decision Tree (GP-N-FDT). Here, the parameters of FDT developed using Fuzzy ID3 algorithm are fine tuned using GP-N-FDT strategy to improve the classification accuracy.


Natural Syntax: The English indefinite article The framework of this paper is Natural Syntax initiated by the author in the tradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by Wolfgang U. Dressler and †Willi Mayerthaler. Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in what are known as deductions, the chief components of each being a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Natural Syntax is here exemplified with selected language data bearing on the use of the English indefinite article. Some recent work related to Natural Syntax: Orešnik 2007a-e; 2008a-c; 2009a, b; 2009 (with Varja Cvetko-Orešnik). (Only work published in English is mentioned).


The essence of this paper is to study and characterise the performance of Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), also known as NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), in actual dynamic environment by conducting field trials on military aircraft. The dynamic accuracy of IRNSS receiver in terms of position, velocity and altitude has not yet been tested on any aircraft system i.e. commercial or military applications. These field trials and performance evaluation will help in on-field assessment of IRNSS receiver performance with availability of five, six and seven IRNSS satellites. During conduct of trials, IRNSS receiver and IRNSS antenna were placed inside the aircraft. Results analysis of 18 hours flying data depicts position availability of 99.872% with five satellites and 100% position availability with six and seven satellites.


Whether differences in regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration are involved in the different phenotypic adaptation mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in hibernators? Two fast-type muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) in summer active and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels were selected to detect changes in cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber type distribution, and protein expression indicative of protein synthesis metabolism (protein expression of P-Akt, P-mTORC1, P-S6K1, and P-4E-BP1), protein degradation metabolism (MuRF1, atrogin-1, calpain-1, calpain-2, calpastatin, desmin, troponin T, Beclin1, and LC3-II), and muscle regeneration (MyoD, myogenin, and myostatin). Results showed the CSA of the diaphragm muscle increased significantly by 26.1%, whereas the CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly by 20.4% in the hibernation group compared with the summer active group. Both muscles displayed a significant fast-to-slow fiber-type transition in hibernation. Our study further indicated that increased protein synthesis, decreased protein degradation, and increased muscle regeneration potential contributed to diaphragm muscle hypertrophy, whereas decreased protein synthesis, increased protein degradation, and decreased muscle regeneration potential contributed to gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the differences in muscle regeneration and regulatory pattern of protein metabolism may contribute to the different adaptive changes observed in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles of ground squirrels.